Algolia Update en

Array ( [0] => Array ( [objectID] => 29527 [title] => Two New Guides to Strengthen Gender-Responsive Abolitionist Advocacy [timestamp] => 1775174400 [date] => 03/04/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/two-new-guides-to-strengthen-gender-responsive-abolitionist-advocacy/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/guide-gender-and-death-penalty-en-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is publishing two new guides designed to help abolitionists and their allies incorporate a gender-responsive approach into their advocacy efforts. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is publishing two new guides designed to help abolitionists and their allies incorporate a gender-responsive approach into their advocacy efforts. (more…) "Two New Guides to Strengthen Gender-Responsive Abolitionist Advocacy" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1] => Array ( [objectID] => 29512 [title] => Positive Result Foundation [timestamp] => 1775174400 [date] => 03/04/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/positive-result-foundation/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Positive-Result-Foundation_logo.jpg [extrait] => Positive Result Foundation is an NGO that began operation in August 20th, 2020 as a specialist in defending people legally in court. Protecting people’s human right and giving hope to the hopeless and the less privileage. Also, we impact lives in our communities. Today (as of 2026), Positive Result Foundation have released more than 60 […] [texte] => Positive Result Foundation is an NGO that began operation in August 20th, 2020 as a specialist in defending people legally in court. Protecting people's human right and giving hope to the hopeless and the less privileage. Also, we impact lives in our communities.Today (as of 2026), Positive Result Foundation have released more than 60 inmates facing dealth penalties in our country.Positive Result Foundation works in connection with a law firm S.N NWOGU & CO which is a multi disciplinary network that control domestic violence and abuse of human right in Nigeria.Positive Result Foundation activities includes: Advocacy, litigation in courts in Nigeria, The African commission on Human and Peoples Right, The united Nations international human Right treaty based, Legal assistence, organizing free medical care within our communities.Positive Result Foundation have been able to drew on the skills of a range of lawyers who are specialist in their field, and who Advocates for human rights. We also educate the youth on the important of Education, good behaviour and positive development in our country and abroad. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2] => Array ( [objectID] => 29476 [title] => Open Call for proposals – Financial Support to Third Parties – Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition [timestamp] => 1775001600 [date] => 01/04/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/emploi/open-call-for-proposals-financial-support-to-third-parties-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition-2/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-500x251.png [extrait] => In early 2024, 13 abolitionist organizations, including regional networks, grassroots organizations and international NGOs have come together to form the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition. Co-funded by the European Union under a Financial Framework Partnership Agreement (FFPA) and led by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, this civil society-led initiative aims to amplify […] [texte] => In early 2024, 13 abolitionist organizations, including regional networks, grassroots organizations and international NGOs have come together to form the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition. Co-funded by the European Union under a Financial Framework Partnership Agreement (FFPA) and led by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, this civil society-led initiative aims to amplify the voice and influence of the abolitionist movement on a global scale. (more…) "Open Call for proposals – Financial Support to Third Parties – Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition" [Type article] => job offer [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3] => Array ( [objectID] => 29506 [title] => Call for tenders – Design and Layout [timestamp] => 1774828800 [date] => 30/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/emploi/call-for-tenders-design-and-layout/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => The world coalition against the death penalty based in Paris, France, is launching a call for tenders for design and layout. [texte] => The world coalition against the death penalty based in Paris, France, is launching a call for tenders for design and layout. (more…) "Call for tenders – Design and Layout" [Type article] => job offer [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [4] => Array ( [objectID] => 29486 [title] => Open Call for proposals – Financial Support to Third Parties – Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition – Application Form [timestamp] => 1774828800 [date] => 30/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/open-call-for-proposals-financial-support-to-third-parties-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition-application-form/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Financial Support to Third Parties- Global Consortium for Death Penalty AbolitionAPPLICATION FORMName of the organization/informal network:Country:Legal status, if any:Point of ContactFirst Name, LAST NAME: Position/ Title: Email address: Telephone number/WhatsApp/Signal (incl. country code):Additional informationPlease include (web) links to your previous work against the death penalty or related activities including website and social media handles:Please confirm that you are applying as a:civil society organization (CSO - for the purpose of this call for proposals, CSOs include all non-State, not-for-profit structures, non-partisan and non-violent, through which people organize to pursue shared objectives and ideals, whether political, cultural, social or economic); orinformal network of people opposed to the death penalty And that your organization is:non-profit-making or social enterprises; and have as part of its mandate the protection and promotion of human rights.Indicate below which proposal’s target country/region and grant number you’re submitting to : -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Please tick this box to confirm that your proposal is aligned with the specific conditions for this country as indicated in the call for proposals, in particular (v) Indicative Budget and maximum amount:I have read the specific conditions that apply for this country and my proposal reflects itProposal’s Objectives: Please select one of the following expected results:R1: For projects focused on retentionist countries: Reducing the use of capital punishment and encouraging more transparency regarding its application. R2: For projects focused on Abolitionist in practice countries: Abolishing the death penalty in law. R3: For projects focused on Abolitionist in law countries: Ratifying abolitionist treaties and preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty. Please explain how your activities will help achieve these results and address here any security risks or any sensitivity issue we need to be aware of. Please fill inside the box, no more than half a pagePlanned Activities:Your organizations’ planned activities must be in line with the objective(s) you have selected above. The project may consist of one or more activities. Please detail each activity you plan to carry out and explain how they are related to the relevant objective (half a page per activity).List of activities eligible for financial support under this call: advocacy at the national level in favor of abolition including advocacy with abolitionist in practice countries and abolitionist in law countries to increase visibility of support for the anti-death penalty movement; building the capacities and awareness of parliamentarians, government officials and capital-defense lawyers; supporting civil society engagement with international human rights mechanisms; improving the conditions of detention of people on death row; supporting families of persons charged with capital offences and or of people on death row; strengthening the capacities of judicial and administrative authorities; research and data collection; documentation and litigation support; building the capacity of civil society, including governance practices and project management; supporting exoneree-led activities and amplifying exoneree voices; movement growth, innovation and coalition building; supporting advocacy, monitoring and capacity building of target groups; awareness, media and campaigns; crisis response to quickly react to in-country developments and mobilise relevant actors; mobilization of non-conventional stakeholders in the movement (eg. young people, private sector, cultural or sports sector) through actions including educational, technological, cultural activities; advocacy to hold abolitionist countries to account for any adverse shifts in law, policy or practice.activities aimed at making visible and combating the discrimination faced by women and/or LGBTQIA+ people in the judicial process leading to the death penaltyWhen do you plan to do your activity(ies)?Please note that activities conducted between April 2026 and March 2028 are eligible.Expected start date of your proposal:Expected end date of your proposal:Activity 1: Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activity. Please explain who your targets are and what their needs and constraints are given the national context. Explain how they will be targeted and the relevance of the activities to the targeted audienceActivity 2: Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activity. Please explain who your targets are and what their needs and constraints are given the national context. Explain how they will be targeted and the relevance of the activities to the targeted audience** If further Activities envisaged, add additional boxes here Project’s Detailed Budget and Timeline:INFORMATION NOTE - Project’s Detailed Budget:Please note that the maximum amount you may request is specific to each country/grant and each set of activities. It cannot exceed the amount of the grant.Please note that you will be asked for a list of expenses and proofs or receipts of expenditure if your proposal is selected, so only put realistic costs that you know you will be able to justify.If your budget is not in EURO, please indicate your currency and check the exchange rate using this rate here : https://commission.europa.eu/funding-tenders/procedures-guidelines-tenders/information-contractors-and-beneficiaries/exchange-rate-inforeuro_en Annual budget and previous experience:Please indicate your annual budget in EUROS, if any : If the budget available from this grant will only contribute to cover some costs for your activities, rather than fund the whole activity cost, please supply a detailed budget solely for the requested funds. Indicate here if it forms part of a larger budget, and if so, what the total budget is:Have you recently managed a similar grant ? If the funds requested exceed your annual budget, what measures will you put in place to manage it (for example, who will you track expenses, activities and report to the organization responsible for the fund management)?Please fill inside the box, no more than half a pageIn submitting this budget proposal, you commit to (Please tick all the boxes):Not to include imputed costs or costs of volunteer services;Respecting the principle of prohibiting double financing of expenditure (no co-financing by EU delegation, etc);Respecting the non-profit principleRespecting financial deadlines, if you are selectedRespecting the exchange rate of the European Union Commission, on the following link: https://commission.europa.eu/funding-tenders/procedures-guidelines-tenders/information-contractors-and-beneficiaries/exchange-rate-inforeuro_frDATE OF SUBMISSION: [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/EN-WCADP-ApplicationForm-FSTP_FFPA_2026.docx ) [5] => Array ( [objectID] => 29477 [title] => Open Call for proposals – Financial Support to Third Parties – Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition – Annexe Budget [timestamp] => 1774828800 [date] => 30/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/open-call-for-proposals-financial-support-to-third-parties-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition-annexe-budget/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Annexe-budget.xlsx ) [6] => Array ( [objectID] => 29459 [title] => East Africa Law Society (EALS) [timestamp] => 1773878400 [date] => 19/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/east-africa-law-society-eals/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/East-Africa-Law-Society-EALS-logo.jpg [extrait] => EALS is a regional bar association comprising eight (8) national bar associations and individual members across East Africa. Its mandate is to promote the Legal Profession, Good Governance, the Rule of Law, and Human Rights in the region. EALS plays a central role in advancing the abolition of the death penalty in East Africa through […] [texte] => EALS is a regional bar association comprising eight (8) national bar associations and individual members across East Africa. Its mandate is to promote the Legal Profession, Good Governance, the Rule of Law, and Human Rights in the region. EALS plays a central role in advancing the abolition of the death penalty in East Africa through strategic litigation, policy engagement, and regional advocacy. The organisation has been involved in a wide range of capital punishment challenges before regional and continental courts, including several that have been especially influential in shaping the abolition discourse in the region.Notable among these is Ally Rajabu v. United Republic of Tanzania (Application No. 007/2015) in African Court, which advanced core human rights arguments on the incompatibility of the death penalty with regional human rights standards. This jurisprudential engagement has continued through subsequent proceedings, including the consolidated cases of Chacha Jeremia & 2 Others v. United Republic of Tanzania (Consolidated Application Nos. 039/2019, 040/2019 and 041/2019) and Sudi Mashana v. Republic (Application No. 021/2020), among others.Alongside strategic litigation, EALS has reinforced its abolition agenda through sustained parliamentary engagement, regional policy dialogue, and targeted capacity-building programmes for judges, lawyers, and lawmakers, thereby consolidating its position as a leading regional voice on justice reform and the progressive abolition of capital punishment.EALS collaborates with international partners such as Reprieve UK, Cornell University’s Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, and other regional civil society organisations to strengthen technical expertise in abolition advocacy. The organisation maintains observer status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the East African Community, and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, and is committed to advancing binding, treaty-based abolition of the death penalty across East Africa while promoting access to justice, democracy, and human development. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [7] => Array ( [objectID] => 29444 [title] => HumanS Remain [timestamp] => 1773878400 [date] => 19/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/humans-remain/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HumanS-Remain-logo-500x679.jpg [extrait] => Driven by the belief that every life holds value, this non-profit organisation stands as an advocacy effort dedicated to supporting Death Row prisoners in Mississippi and amplifying their voices. Through educating, storytelling and campaigning, we work towards the worldwide abolition of the death penalty, seeking justice that is humane, equitable and compassionate. HumanS Remain is […] [texte] => Driven by the belief that every life holds value, this non-profit organisation stands as an advocacy effort dedicated to supporting Death Row prisoners in Mississippi and amplifying their voices.Through educating, storytelling and campaigning, we work towards the worldwide abolition of the death penalty, seeking justice that is humane, equitable and compassionate.HumanS Remain is a collective of many of the incarcerated in Parchman, Mississippi, it’s their organisation telling their stories, their lives. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [8] => Array ( [objectID] => 29428 [title] => Al-Monqith Organization for Human Rights (MOHR) [timestamp] => 1773878400 [date] => 19/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/al-monqith-organization-for-human-rights-mohr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Al-Monqith-Organization-for-Human-Rights-MOHR-logo-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Background and Mission: Al-Monqith Organization for Human Rights is an independent NGO operating in Iraq, the Kurdistan Region, and on a global scale. Our mission is centered on the advocacy for the abolition of the death penalty or, at a minimum, its strict restriction to the furthest extent possible. We are dedicated to eradicating all […] [texte] => Background and Mission: Al-Monqith Organization for Human Rights is an independent NGO operating in Iraq, the Kurdistan Region, and on a global scale. Our mission is centered on the advocacy for the abolition of the death penalty or, at a minimum, its strict restriction to the furthest extent possible. We are dedicated to eradicating all forms of modern slavery and protecting human dignity through legal reform and international cooperation.Protection of Vulnerable Groups and Anti-Torture: A core pillar of our work is the protection of vulnerable groups, specifically women and girls, who often face unique risks of abuse and systemic violence. We are committed to preventing torture and all forms of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. By monitoring and documenting violations, we aim to provide a protective shield for those most at risk, ensuring that gender-sensitive approaches are integrated into human rights advocacy.Rights of Detainees and Legal Advocacy: The organization focuses heavily on the rights of detainees and convicted individuals, advocating for fair trials and humane treatment within the justice system. We work to improve detention conditions and ensure that the legal rights of those in custody are respected according to international standards. Our goal is to influence public policy to reduce harsh sentencing and ensure that the most marginalized voices in the legal system are heard and protected.Strategic Partnerships & Memberships: The organization maintains strong coordination with local authorities and international stakeholders to ensure safe access to detention centers and marginalized areas. We are actively seeking to align our reporting with international mechanisms, such as the Universal Periodic Review (UPR).Operational Compliance: We implement strict financial and administrative policies, including a robust "Conflict of Interest" policy and "Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse" (PSEA) guidelines. Our Steering Committee meets quarterly to review progress and ensure transparency in all operations.Expertise & Reach: Our team includes legal experts and field monitors specialized in Iraqi law and international human rights treaties. We possess the linguistic and cultural competency required to work effectively within diverse communities across Iraq and the Kurdistan Region. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [9] => Array ( [objectID] => 29420 [title] => SEX ON TRIAL [timestamp] => 1773273600 [date] => 12/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sex-on-trial/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://download.ssrn.com/2026/3/12/6326120.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEK3%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIFBUoz%2FMrHOYO%2BSvRCA4%2BmC8GqJA7HTu0NFRSsPFtOeiAiBPgp571dcKY7DW5z5Gg6mj1cfGiD1sg6lrVIQNDn6o9iq9BQh2EAQaDDMwODQ3NTMwMTI1NyIMOxxCe%2BVkAJh790qcKpoFkMd1vV7T1eYqhE0%2Bt0FNmN8StLPzjzeE5T9lKRMGzHkfq5r30vT16Sx%2Fk3RRwEBIqXt5v3lZa9wawstSMxl%2BWGIRRmeTY2Zd%2B84b3ng5M8rBeCy%2BlMvS8KmQcs55dhXSCmaxauff5XMytMdG0jCq1WsqaLS7H1JGB1j%2BEuB%2BbqvLi0OXMO7u3kR3f8woM9aawNMJi3STat8Fxbdzg6qp%2Fv8AA7ZscDce97jBE62w8nzfeNinUi7R4Ezw388DHQJz70kogmHMsXYVyhdq6IxsrQbOnFrnaHu82ww8NzJKJzH%2BSIzU6o3MTUh6jbwWrdp8nQ6HMxORlLyK6CCxFQHptlDgrHiEVaNJqXX%2Bwh%2B5ATAUknNE0cQyWYOXR05aUYsqqd0MPyzObYgkgTq8n6eHx9%2FdAKDXOntSgaQbIvIFlxccAe5EUnzGXFkTqCYoXvwOxIL4zSuetLCBYd4WyEK1QblyC0Uz8WozB51NvFddLSLG9sjf4d84ghqgjm64q%2BFZ2bOcKNtTVt4%2BT71gzjT3XW%2B6BXwmQWVniHzN2KuMoRFTBunSLkogUbq4Eiojca%2BVOSrAQ1VauIKiNYVB4dcj6BwzpC9qaNdHa%2F9askF14Ypcf24%2BSbgilfeOj57D%2BRED8CTuRILVlZmDHpAveOTsUxBWDv9%2FM3DeF62Cx7bWanu4W4ZHzr7gJ4rKCveqrCNSYQ%2BA56RcgkwvEnYJbzISAbG7qvRqiP%2ByT0ExuuVAiXn4Mnm3wlt1ZH6ufX4VR2%2BN%2BXQ%2Fk40yBddE7rdQ18trroRBGZHy8YWE9Fooet9X1hXPPpIkkN5wK5FnKIbFoLQxLiZBGop%2BavPpwkWoLrD1krRoyZ0AVq9x%2FyFL%2BML3Tho64OzWmchvm3HjMKvxys0GOrIBCywZ3SZpL8BJ4Eq9EPWChHJhKtB8ppORjG8ixNBbl9eC%2FyHUQExpLAWqVvzC37kxSY%2FWwykhmMORPb3RYxBeMc75q6%2BS5Qi1v%2Flsq6P561ONDTCwyGkJhWIOHTxKLNz5j0cOUVmGYPnfUSWjMLOiOvhUaj0q8PU5zFCRxpWYCwQDNEROPuMy2y86pBvWdQbVcxcNYJfNEqncqNH7CZYG95PJt1YoSfLUGWY43AQGpCIlUg%3D%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20260312T140646Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAUPUUPRWEYZMVFHBZ%2F20260312%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=63a0dd2506b6fc92f1b56dd53a2b642aef6468d8d55704c89a1165a68a953125&abstractId=6326120 ) [10] => Array ( [objectID] => 29418 [title] => Women Facing the Death Penalty in Saudi Arabia: Invisibility and Structural Injustice [timestamp] => 1773273600 [date] => 12/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/women-facing-the-death-penalty-in-saudi-arabia-invisibility-and-structural-injustice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Women Facing the Death Penalty 1in Saudi ArabiaWomenFacing theDeath Penaltyin Saudi Arabia:Invisibility andStructuralInjusticeWomen Facing the Death Penalty 2in Saudi ArabiaThis report examines Saudi Arabia’s use of the death penalty through a genderedand intersectional lens, with particular attention to migrant women. It exposes howgender, migration status, race and class combine to shape vulnerability within theSaudi criminal justice system. Migrant women – especially domestic workers – arepositioned at the intersection of these risks, but Saudi women are also executed atroughly the same rate, demonstrating that gendered vulnerability operates acrosscitizenship status.The analysis brings together a review of existing documentation – including UN humanrights mechanisms, international NGOs, ALQST’s monitoring, and media investigations– with limited primary information gathered through families of affected women andcivil society actors. Efforts were also made to engage embassies representing thewomen’s countries of origin. The restricted access to official and diplomatic sourcesreflects the highly opaque and politically sensitive environment in which these casesoccur.The report focuses not on the death penalty itself but on how women experience thesystem in Saudi Arabia in practice, through arrest, interrogation, trial and detention,highlighting recurring issues such as the absence of legal representation, languagebarriers, pressure to sign documents or confessions, and the lack of timely oreffective consular support, while families are often left without information or meansto intervene.By consolidating available evidence and situating it within a gender- and migrationaware framework, this report aims to clarify how women come to face capitalpunishment in Saudi Arabia and why their cases remain largely invisible. The analysisinforms the findings and recommendations that follow and provides a foundation fortargeted policy and advocacy engagement.Women Facing the Death Penaltyin Saudi Arabia: Invisibility andStructural InjusticeWomen Facing the Death Penalty 3in Saudi Arabia1. Legal framework and capital jurisdictionAcross death penalty systems globally, women face discrimination at every stage of the legalprocess. Research shows that many women sentenced to death are survivors of long-term sexualor domestic abuse, yet these histories are rarely introduced in court or treated as mitigating factorsduring sentencing. Intersectional inequalities further intensify this vulnerability: migrant domesticworkers, women living in poverty, and racialised minorities are disproportionately represented amongthose facing capital charges. In Saudi Arabia, this pattern is particularly evident among foreignwomen employed in domestic work, who frequently lack access to legal counsel, interpretation oreffective consular support, and are therefore unable to meaningfully challenge accusations or defendthemselves in court. However, execution data compiled by ALQST reveal that women executed inSaudi Arabia during the period 2023-2025 were split roughly evenly between foreign nationals andSaudi citizens (55% vs. 45% respectively), indicating that gendered exposure to the death penaltyoperates across citizenship status, albeit through different legal and political pathways.Saudi Arabia’s death penalty operates within an uncodified legal system. There is no comprehensivewritten penal code setting out crimes, sentencing thresholds or binding standards. Instead, judgesexercise wide discretion in interpreting religious law on a case-by-case basis, without a doctrine ofprecedent that would require consistency across rulings. This system results in significant variabilityin sentencing outcomes and creates space for subjective and gendered interpretations to shapejudicial decisions.Women from marginalised backgrounds – including migrant workers, poor defendants, ethnicminorities, and individuals with disabilities – are overrepresented among those sentenced to death.Courts frequently fail to consider histories of gender-based violence, coercion or exploitation, even incases involving prolonged domestic abuse or acts committed in self-defence. In some cases, womenhave been judged not only on the alleged offence but on perceived violations of social and moralnorms. Prosecutors and judges have portrayed women as immoral, disobedient, or unfit as wives ormothers, using these character assessments to justify harsh punishment rather than assessing thefacts of the case alone.Judicial discretion is further shaped by deeply patriarchal institutional structures. Judges areexclusively male, and proceedings are often informed by conservative interpretations of gender roles.International legal analyses have found that this environment reinforces structural bias, particularlyin cases involving coerced confessions, domestic violence, or limited evidentiary standards. Reportssubmitted to the United Nations have repeatedly found that Saudi Arabia has failed to meet itsobligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women(CEDAW), and that recent legal reforms – including the 2022 Personal Status Law – continue to allowwide judicial discretion that results in discriminatory outcomes across both family and criminal law.A recurring feature of capital cases in Saudi Arabia is heavy reliance on confessions, many of whichare obtained during interrogations without legal representation or adequate safeguards. Humanrights organisations have documented the use of intimidation, threats and ill-treatment to secure Women Facing the Death Penalty 4in Saudi Arabiastatements, particularly from women interrogated by male officers in custodial settings. Theseconfessions are frequently accepted as decisive evidence, even when later retracted or challengedin court. Public testimonies by detainees and activists, including high-profile cases, have furtherillustrated how coercion continues to shape outcomes in both criminal and politically sensitive cases.The breadth of judicial discretion has also enabled the imposition of death sentences for nonlethal and non-violent offences, most notably drug-related charges. Migrant women workers aredisproportionately affected by such prosecutions. In several documented cases, domestic workerswere sentenced to death despite strong indications of self-defence against abusive employers. Indrug-related cases, women are often low-level couriers, frequently coerced, deceived or exploited bytrafficking networks, yet they face capital prosecution while organisers and higher-level actors evadeaccountability. The absence of fair trial guarantees means that mitigating factors such as histories ofabuse, coercion or trafficking are rarely meaningfully examined.Women Facing the Death Penalty 5in Saudi Arabia2. Trends and scaleSaudi Arabia has carried out a sharp and sustained escalation in executions over the past decade,reaching levels not seen in modern records. According to consolidated monitoring by human rightsorganisations, at least 198 people (including six women) were executed in 2023, already marking oneof the highest annual totals in recent history, followed by 345 recorded executions in 2024 (nine ofthem women) and 356 (among them five women) in 2025.A defining feature of this expansion is the extensive use of the death penalty for non-violent offences,particularly drug-related cases. A substantial proportion of the executions recorded in 2024, andthe majority in 2025, were for drug offences that did not involve lethal violence. This marks a cleardeparture from international standards, which restrict the death penalty – where it has not beenabolished – to the “most serious crimes”, generally understood to mean intentional killing.Foreign nationals constitute a disproportionately large share of those executed, especially in drugrelated cases, with migrant workers from South and Southeast Asia and Africa heavily representedamong those sentenced to death. For women, ALQST’s tracking shows that 55 per cent of thewomen executed in Saudi Arabia between 2023 and 2025 were foreign nationals and 45 per centSaudi citizens. Monitoring data indicate that many foreign defendants face trial without effectiveinterpretation, without early access to lawyers, and without timely consular notification, significantlyundermining their ability to challenge evidence or present mitigating circumstances.The sharp rise in executions since 2018, combined with the opacity of proceedings and the overrepresentation of foreign and economically marginalised defendants, underscores how the deathpenalty in Saudi Arabia operates as a systemic instrument of control over individuals who facestructural barriers to due process, rather than being confined to the most serious and exceptionalcrimes.Women Facing the Death Penalty 6in Saudi Arabia3. Systemic due-process violationsCapital cases in Saudi Arabia reveal systemic violations of fair-trial guarantees. Defendants arefrequently interrogated and tried without access to legal representation. Saudi Arabia has no statefunded legal aid system, and privately retained lawyers are often denied access to clients until latestages of proceedings, or after sentencing has already occurred. Courts routinely rely on confessionsthat defendants later retract, while judges frequently fail to investigate credible allegations that suchstatements were obtained through coercion, intimidation or ill-treatment.These violations are especially acute for foreign nationals who do not speak Arabic and are unfamiliarwith Saudi legal procedures. Human rights documentation repeatedly records cases in whichdefendants were required to sign Arabic-language documents they could not read or understand,without interpretation or explanation of their rights. Interpreters are often absent during interrogationand trial, severely undermining defendants’ ability to challenge evidence, understand charges, orparticipate meaningfully in p [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://alqst.org/uploads/women-facing-the-death-penalty-in-saudi-arabia-invisibility-and-structural-injustice-en.pdf ) [11] => Array ( [objectID] => 29416 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2025 [timestamp] => 1773273600 [date] => 12/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 1THE DEATH PENALTYFOR DRUG OFFENCES:GLOBAL OVERVIEW20251Harm Reduction International (HRI) envisions a worldin which drug policies uphold dignity, health and rights.We use data and advocacy to promote harm reductionand drug policy reform. We show how rights-based,evidence-informed responses to drugs contribute tohealthier, safer societies, and why investing in harmreduction makes sense.HRI is an NGO with Special Consultative Status with theEconomic and Social Council of the United Nations.The Death Penalty for Drug Offences:Global Overview 2025Giada Girelli, Marcela Jofré,and Ajeng Larasati© Harm Reduction International, 2026ISBN: 978-1-915255-22-8Designed by Crisp Design based on anoriginal design by ESCOLAPublished by Harm ReductionInternationalTelephone: +44 (0)20 7324 3535E-mail: office@hri.globalWebsite: www.hri.globalThis document has been produced with the financial assistance of the EuropeanUnion. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of Harm ReductionInternational and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of theEuropean Union. This activity is part of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition,a civil society-led initiative aiming to amplify the voice and influence of the abolitionistmovement on a global scale with the support of the European Union under a FinancialFramework Partnership Agreement (FFPA).2ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis report would not be possible without data collected and published or shared byleading human rights organisations and individual experts and advocates, many of whomprovided advice and assistance throughout the drafting process. We would specificallylike to thank the Abdorrahman Boroumand Centre for Human Rights in Iran, ADPAN,ALQST for Human Rights, Ambika Satkunanathan, Amnesty International, EuropeanSaudi Organisation for Human Rights, HAYAT, the International Drug Policy Consortium,Iran Human Rights, Justice Project Pakistan, Khalid Tinasti, LBH Masyarakat, ODHIKAR,Organisation Against the Death Penalty in Iraq, Square Circle Clinic (NALSAR), Reprieveand Transformative Justice Collective.Thanks are also owed to colleagues at Harm Reduction International for theirfeedback and support in preparing this report: Ailish Brennan, Anne Taiwo, CatherineCook, Cinzia Brentari, Gaj Gurung, Lucy O’Hare, Maddie O’Hare, Martina Moreira, PaolaRodríguez, Paulina Cortez Licona, Suchitra Rajagopalan and Ugochi Egwu.Any errors are the sole responsibility of Harm Reduction International.3INTRODUCTIONHarm Reduction International (HRI) has monitored the use of the death penaltyfor drug offences1 worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issuein 2007. This report, our 15th on the subject, continues our work of providing regularupdates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capitalpunishment for drug offences,2 a practice which is a clear violation of international humanrights and drug control standards.This year’s report includes key data and updated categories as well as significantinternational and national developments that took place throughout 2025. A deeperanalysis of developments and trends will be published in the 2026 edition and on alternateyears. The methodology used for all reports remains the same.3HRI opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception.31. Drug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences or drug- related crimes) are drug-related activities categorised as crimes under national laws. Forthe purposes of this report, this definition excludes activities which are not related to the trafficking, possession or use of controlled substances and relatedinchoate offences (inciting, assisting or abetting a crime). HRI’s research also excludes countries where drug offences are punishable by death only if theyinvolve, or result in, intentional killing.2. Unless specified, the source for all figures and information provided in this report is an internal HRI dataset on death sentences and executions for drugoffences, available upon request.3. For a complete description of HRI’s methodology please see Giada Girelli, Marcela Jofré, and Ajeng Larasati, ‘The Death Penalty for Drug Offences:Global Overview 2024’ (London: Harm Reduction International, 2025). Available from https://hri.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/HRI-GlobalOverview2024-FINAL.pdf. 4CATEGORIESTo demonstrate the differences between law and practice among states wherethe death penalty can be imposed for drug offences, HRI categorises countries into ‘highapplication’, ‘low application’ and ‘symbolic application’ states.High Application States are those in whichexecutions for drug offences were carriedout, and/or at least 10 drug-related deathsentences were imposed per year, in the pastfive years.Low Application States are those whereexecutions for drug offences have not beencarried out in the past five years but deathsentences for drug offences were imposedduring that period, yet the confirmed numberof drug-related death sentences does not meetthe threshold required for high applicationclassification. Egypt, Iraq, United ArabEmirates and Yemen are low applicationcountries confirmed to have carried outexecutions in 2025, but not for drug offences.The section below, therefore, only providesfigures on death sentences and death rowpopulations.4Symbolic Application States are thosethat have laws which allow the death penaltyfor drug offences but have not carried outexecutions nor sentenced individuals todeath for drug offences in the past five years.South Sudan, Taiwan and the United Statesof America (USA) are symbolic applicationcountries confirmed to have carried outexecutions in 2025, but not for drug offences.A fourth category, insufficient data, denotesinstances where there is simply not enoughinformation to accurately classify the country.4. HRI acknowledges that there is no consensus regarding the definition of ‘death row’ and that different authorities and organisations may collect datadifferently. The information provided by HRI may include figures collected by countries and organisations according to different criteria.5CONTENTSIntroduction 32025 in a Snapshot 6Global Overview 8Key National Developments 13Executions for Drug Offences 13Spotlight:1 Iran’s War on People 14Spotlight 2: Drug-related Executions andForeign Nationals in Saudi Arabia 16Drug-related Death Sentences and Death Row Populations 18Drug-related Commutations and Pardons 23Legal Reforms to the Death Penalty for Drug Offences 24Key International Developments 27Spotlight 3: Executions in Iran – Is UNODC at Risk of Complicity? 292025 IN ASNAPSHOT• At least 1,212 people were executed for drugoffences worldwide (excluding figures from China,Vietnam and North Korea). This represents a 97%increase from 2024, and the highest figure reportedsince HRI started monitoring drug-related executionsin 2007.• Drug offences were responsible for over 46% of allexecutions confirmed globally.• Drug-related executions increased by 97%between 2024 and 2025 in both Iran and SaudiArabia. Foreign nationals and people from ethnicminorities remain overrepresented among thoseexecuted.• Drug-related executions were confirmed in fivecountries (China, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia andSingapore). Executions are assumed to have beencarried out in North Korea and Vietnam, but statesecrecy and censorship prevent a minimum figurefrom being confirmed.• Two countries (Algeria and the Maldives) amendedtheir laws to introduce the death penalty for certaindrug offences. For the first time in over a decade,the number of countries retaining the death penaltyfor drug offences increased – up to a total of 36.• 331 death sentences for drug offences wereconfirmed in 18 countries – one country more than in2024.• At least 2,450 people (likely hundreds more) are ondeath row for drug offences in 22 countries.• Confirmed figures are likely a gross underestimateof the actual number of drug-related executions anddeath sentences. This is due to a persistent lack oftransparency, and censorship on information aboutthe use of the death penalty.MINIMUM CONFIRMED EXECUTIONSFOR DRUG OFFENCES (2016-2025)202520242023202220212020201920182017201636928998116301313244676151212High Application1358267Low Application Symbolic Application Insufficient DataMoved from High Application to Low ApplicationAdded in 2025Moved from Low Application to High ApplicationMoved from Symbolic Application to Low ApplicationMoved from Insufficient Data to Low Application5Pakistan removed death as a possible sentence for drugoffences in 2023. It remains included in this report becausepeople on death row for drug offences were reported in 2025.1. China2. Indonesia3. Iran4. Kuwait5. North Korea (DPRK)6. Saudi Arabia7. Singapore8. Vietnam9. Bahrain10. Bangladesh11. Egypt12. Iraq13. Lao PDR14. Libya15. Malaysia16. Pakistan517. Sri Lanka18. Sudan19. Thailand20. United Arab Emirates21. Yemen22. Algeria23. Brunei Darussalam24. Cuba25. India26. Jordan27. Maldives28. Mauritania29. Myanmar30. Oman31. Qatar32. South Korea33. South Sudan34. Taiwan35. United States ofAmerica36. State of Palestine (Gaza)37. SyriaCOUNTRYBY COUNTRY41210119131415161822172119202324262527293028313233343537368The year 2025 was an exceptionally brutal one for global drug control. A recordnumber of drug-related executions in a small but resolute group of countries translatedinto the highest number of executions ever recorded globally since HRI startedreporting on drug-related executions in 2007. At least 1,212 people were executed dueto a drug offence.These are likely to only be a fraction of all drug-related executions carriedout in 2025, as China, North Korea and Vietnam continue operating in secrecy.In fact, most of the information contained in this report would remain inaccessible,if not for the efforts of civil society and people directly affected by the deathpenalty who continue essential monitoring work despite shrinking civic spaceand dwindling funding in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://hri.global/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HRI-GO-Death-penalty-drugs-2025-FINAL.pdf ) [12] => Array ( [objectID] => 29414 [title] => Womens Executions in Saudi Arabia – From Fragile Protection to Systematic Violations (2015 – 2025) [timestamp] => 1773273600 [date] => 12/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/womens-executions-in-saudi-arabia-from-fragile-protection-to-systematic-violations-2015-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.esohr.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Womens_Executions_in_Saudi_Arabia_From_Fragile_Protection_to_Systematic.pdf ) [13] => Array ( [objectID] => 29403 [title] => How to implement gender-responsive international abolitionist advocacy? [timestamp] => 1772755200 [date] => 06/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guide-gender-chapter-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => GENDER AND DEATH PENALTY TRAINING MANUAL 2/3In partnership with:Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mortMundo-M, 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, FranceTél. : +33 1 80 87 70 43contact@worldcoalition.orgX : @WCADPFacebook : worldcoalitionThe Advocates for Human Rights330 Second Avenue South, Suite 800 Minneapolis, MN 55401Tél. : 612-341-3302hrights@advrights.orgtheadvocatesforhumanrights.orgA P R I L 2 0 2 5How to implement genderresponsive internationalabolitionist advocacy ?Guidance on how to abolish the death penaltyby recognizing intersectional discriminationfaced by women and LGBTQ+ people in theapplication of the death penaltyThis manual is part of a series of three manuals developed by theWorld Coalition Against the Death Penalty as part of the “Gender andthe Death Penalty” theme. Each manual addresses a specific aspectof integrating a gender-responsive approach into abolitionist initiatives:MANUAL 1What are we referring to when we talk about gender discriminationin capital punishment?MANUAL 2advocacy?How to implement gender-responsive international abolitionistMANUAL 3How to integrate a gender-responsive approach into abolitionistefforts at national level?These manuals are designed to provide practical tools for civil societyorganizations engaged in the struggle to abolish the death penalty.By the World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyand the Advocates for Human RightsAcknowledgementsThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty andThe Advocates for Human Rights are grateful to MélineSzwarcberg, who was the principal author of this guideand to Amy Bergquist and Grace Miranda for theirsubstantial contributions.The World Coalition and TAHR would also liketo warmly thank the Gender Working Group of theWorld Coalition, including the following partnersfor their considerable input:Marie Nougier,International Drug Policy Consortium (IDPC)Nathan Madson,The Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR)Nathalie Greenfield,ReprieveRuth Birgin,Women and Harm Reduction International Network(WHRIN)Verónica Cadavid González,The Advocates for Human Rights, (TAHR)4SummaryAbbreviations, acronyms & definitions —6—Foreword —8—Key international human rights standards for protecting women and LGBTQ+ people facing capital punishment —10—International standards –10–Regional standards –14–Integrating the issue of gender discrimination into all abolitionist advocacy opportunities —17—Integrate gender issues into abolitionists reports –18–Integrate gender issues into abolitionist oral statements –22–Integrate gender issues in abolitionist side events –22–Integrating death penalty issues into international mechanisms for the protection of women’s rights and the rights of sexual and gender minorities —24—Work with the CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of All Formsof Discrimination Against Women) –24–Work with UN Special Procedures for the Protection of the Rights of Womenand Sexual and Gender Minorities –35–Work withe the CSW (the UN Commission on the Status of Women) –40–Work with the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to advocate for the abolition of the death penalty and the elimination of gender biases in capital punishmen—42—Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) –42–ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES of gender-sensitive advocacy on drug policyand the death penalty –43–Opportunities for abolitionist civil society –44–5I N T R OAbbreviations,acronyms & definitionsACHPRAfrican Charter on Human and Peoples’ RightsACHRAmerican Convention on Human RightsCEDAWConvention on the Elimination of All Formsof Discrimination against WomenCNDCommission on Narcotic DrugsCSOCivil society organizationCSWCommission on the Status of WomenLOIList of IssuesLOIPRList of Issues Prior to ReportingNGONon-Governmental OrganizationUNUnited NationsUNODCUnited Nations Office on Drugs and CrimeECHREuropean Convention on Human RightsECOSOCUnited Nations Economic and Social CouncilGRGeneral Recommendation (as in CEDAWGeneral Recommendations)ICCPRInternational Covenant on Civiland Political RightsIWRAWInternational Women’s Rights Action WatchLGBTQ+Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queerand others6ALL THE FOLLOWING DEFINITIONS, UNLESS OTHERWISENOTED, ARE FROM THE WORLD COALITION’S GENDERAND DEATH PENALTY GLOSSARYGender-based discriminationAny distinction, exclusion, or restriction with res-pect to a person or group of persons, based ongender, that “has the effect or purpose of impai-ring, or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment,or exercise” of human rights of that person orgroup of persons. This includes discriminationbased on gender, gender expression, genderidentity, or perceived gender.Gender-based violenceViolence directed towards a person based ontheir gender, gender expression, gender identity,or perceived gender, which is often grounded inunequal power relations. It encompasses phy-sical, psychological, emotional, administrative,economic, sexual, verbal, and economic harm,and it includes threats and coercion. As mostvictims/survivors of gender-based violence arewomen and girls, the expression “gender-basedviolence” is often utilized to refer to violenceagainst women. However, people of all genderscan be victims of gender-based violence. Theterm is also used to describe violence againstLGBTQ+ people, when referencing violencerelated to norms of masculinity, femininity and/or gender norms.Gender responsive advocacyAdvocacy that recognizes the different needsand inequalities between women, men, boys,girls and people of other genders, and activelyaddresses these inequalities through targetedadvocacy actions to promote gender equalityand inclusion. For abolitionist advocacy, weconsider that this involves recognizing the gen-der biases inherent in the application of capitalpunishment and the specific realities faced bywomen and LGBTQ+ individuals exposed to thedeath penalty, while actively working to combatthese discriminatory acts and, more broadly,to enhance protection and address the needsof these populations. This type of action goesbeyond gender-sensitive actions that merelyacknowledge the specific reality of women andLGBTQ+ people without taking any steps toremedy it.IntersectionalityA concept that refers to the intersection ofdifferent forms of structural discrimination,marginalization, and oppression. It does notsimply refer to the accumulation of multiple dis-criminations but rather to how their interactioncreates specific and distinct forms of oppres-sion. For example, discrimination based on sex,gender, race, class, caste, or another identity,does not operate in isolation. As people may besubjected to one or more types of discriminationat the same time, an intersectional approachallows for a better understanding of the natureand form of discrimination encountered by aperson.LGBTQ+Stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender,Queer and other identities not specified. Inthis guide, we use the acronym LGBTQ+ toreflect the current understanding of gen-der-based discrimination in the application ofthe death penalty. So far, analyses have primarilyfocused on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,and queer individuals. This includes the impo-sition of the death penalty based on genderidentity or sexual orientation, whether actualor perceived. However, the World Coalitionacknowledges that intersex individuals and othersexual and gender minorities may also face thedeath penalty and encounter specific challen-ges related to their identity, which must betaken into account. Furthermore, throughoutthis guide, references are made to women andLGBTQ+ individuals, while recognizing the inter-section between these categories. The term«woman» thus includes lesbian, bisexual, trans-gender, and queer women. To highlight thespecific forms of discrimination faced by sexualand gender minorities, the guide mentions theseissues separately.7I N T R OForewordUNTIL RECENTLY, THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT FAILEDTO EXAMINE GENDER BIAS IN THE APPLICATION OFCAPITAL PUNISHMENT.The low proportion of women sentenced to death (around 5% on ave-rage) and the lack of data on LGBTQ+ people facing this punishmenthave contributed to making these realities largely invisible. Yet, as AgnèsCallamard, UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or ArbitraryExecutions, pointed out in 2018: “A human rights approach to capital puni-shment cannot be complete without a gender component.”1In 2018, the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide (CCDPW)marked an important milestone with the publication of the report Judgedfor More than Her Crime, which offered the first insight into gender discri-mination in the application of capital punishment, revealing that womenface systemic gender discrimination at every stage of the criminal justiceprocess, from arrest and sentencing to detention conditions on death row.By shedding light on a hitherto ignored reality, this report paved the wayfor the abolitionist movement’s collective reflection , continuing with the2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty, which focused on the invisiblereality of women facing the death penalty. This World Day fostered a col-lective commitment to strengthening efforts to integrate a gender-sen-sitive approach into the abolitionist struggle.Building on these advances, since 2022, in collaboration with the CCDPWand The Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR), the World Coalition Againstthe Death Penalty (World Coalition) has been implementing a project thataims to promote an abolitionist struggle that recognizes the gender discri-mination at work in capital punishment. In particular, the project aims tostrengthen the capacities of civil society organizations to include a genderapproach, strengthen links with movements and organizations defending1. Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overviewof Women Facing the Death Penalty (A Report of the Alice Project), September 2018, p. 3, accessible at: https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/judged-more-than-her-crime/8the rights of women and g [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/WCADP_GenderGuide_Chap-2_ENG.pdf ) [14] => Array ( [objectID] => 29361 [title] => What are we referring to when we talk about gender discrimination in capital punishement? [timestamp] => 1772755200 [date] => 06/03/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guide-gender-chapter-1/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => GENDER AND DEATH PENALTY TRAINING MANUAL 1/3What are we referring to when we talk aboutGENDER DISCRIMINATIONin capital punishment?In partnership with:World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyMundo-M, 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, FranceTél. : +33 1 80 87 70 43contact@worldcoalition.orgworldcoalition.org@WCADPworldcoalitionworldcoalitionCornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide260 Myron Taylor Hall | Ithaca, NY 14853, United Statesdeathpenaltyworldwide@cornell.edudeathpenaltyworldwide.orgdeathpenaltywwO C T O B E R2 0 2 5What are we referring towhen we talk aboutgender discriminationat work in capitalpunishment?Guidance on how to abolish the death penaltyby recognizing intersectional discriminationfaced by women and LGBTQ+ people in theapplication of the death penaltyThis manual is part of a series of three manuals developed by the WorldCoalition Against the Death Penalty as part of the “Gender and theDeath Penalty” theme. Each manual addresses a specific aspect ofintegrating a gender-responsive approach into abolitionist initiatives:MANUAL 1What are we referring to when we talk about gender discriminationin capital punishment?MANUAL 2How to implement gender-responsive internationalabolitionist advocacy?MANUAL 3How to integrate a gender-responsive approach into abolitionistefforts at national level?These manuals are designed to provide practical tools for civil societyorganizations engaged in the struggle to abolish the death penalty.By the World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyand the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty WorldwideAcknowledgementsThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty andthe Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwideare grateful to Méline Szwarcberg, Morine Chauvris,and Grace Miranda from the World Coalition and BaharMirhosseni from the Cornell Center on the DeathPenalty Worldwide, for their substantial contributions.The World Coalition and the Cornell Center onthe Death Penalty Worldwide extend their heartfeltgratitude to the member organizations of the GenderWorking Group of the World Coalition, includingthe following partners, for their invaluable input:Aisyah Humaida,LBH MasyarakatConnie Numbi,Foundation for Human Right Initiative (FHRI)Katie Campbell,ReprieveNathan Madson,The Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR)Verónica Cadavid González,The Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR)Sara Kowal,Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN)This chapter is mainly drawn from two reports published by the Cornell Center onthe Death Penalty Worldwide: Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overviewof Women Facing the Death Penalty and No One Believed Me: A Global Overviewof Women Facing the Death Penalty for Drug Offenses. These two reports werecompiled with the contributions of numerous abolitionist organizations fromaround the world, including members of the World Coalition.4SummaryAbbreviations, acronyms & definitions —6—Foreword —9—P A R T 1Understanding the issues surrounding women accused of capital crimes —11—Key figures of women under a death sentence worldwide –12–Facing the death penalty in the margins: how vulnerability shapesthe lives of women sentenced to capital punishment –19–Main crimes for which women are sentenced to death worldwide –28–From arrest to death row: the discriminatory journeyof women facing capital punishment –33–P A R T 2Understanding the issues surrounding LGBTQ+ people accused of capital crimes —40—Discrimination, LGBTQ+ people and the death penalty –42–The use of the death penalty to target LGBTQ+ people –45–5I N T R OAbbreviations,acronyms& definitionsCCDPW: Cornell Center on the DeathPenalty WorldwideCPJP: Capital Punishment Justice ProjectESOHR: European Saudi Organisationfor Human RightsFIACAT: International Federation of ACATsGATE: Global Action for Trans EqualityGBV: Gender-Based ViolenceIHRNGO: Iran Human Rights Non-Governmental OrganizationLGBTQ+: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender,Queer and other identitiesTAHR: The Advocates for Human RightsUN: United NationsUSA: United States of America6ALL THE FOLLOWING DEFINITIONS, UNLESS OTHERWISENOTED, ARE FROM THE WORLD COALITION’S GENDERAND DEATH PENALTY GLOSSARY.GenderRefers to characteristics that society assigns tomen and women, girls and boys, and personsof other genders. It differs from “sex” as gen-der refers to characteristics that are sociallyconstructed rather than determined by phy-sical attributes, varies according to context,and changes over time1. While race and genderare both social constructs, they are both expe-rienced, perceived, and understood in very realways across societies around the world.Gender-based discriminationAny distinction, exclusion, or restriction withrespect to a person or group of persons, basedon gender, that “has the effect or purpose ofimpairing, or nullifying the recognition, enjoy-ment, or exercise” of human rights of that per-son or group of persons. This includes discri-mination based on gender, gender expression,gender identity, or perceived gender.Gender-based violenceViolence directed towards a person basedon their gender, gender expression, genderidentity, or perceived gender, which is oftengrounded in unequal power relationships. Itencompasses physical, psychological, emotio-nal, administrative, economic, sexual, verbal,and economic harm, and it includes threatsand coercion. As most victims/survivors ofgender-based violence are women and gir-ls, the expression “gender-based violence” isoften utilized to refer to violence against wo-men. However, all genders can be subject togender-based violence. The term is also usedto describe violence against LGBTQ+ people,when referencing violence related to norms ofmasculinity/femininity and/or gender norms.Gender justiceRefers to the full realization of equality andfairness between people of all genders, addres-sing systemic discrimination, power imbalances,and the specific needs and experiences of margi-nalized groups. It involves ensuring equal rights,access to resources, and participation, whileredressing historical and structural inequalitiesthrough transformative measures. Gender jus-tice is intersectional in scope, and for example,inclusive of racial and economic justice.Gender responsive advocacyAdvocacy that recognizes the different needsand inequalities between women, men, boys,girls and people of other genders, and activelyaddresses these inequalities through targetedadvocacy actions to promote gender equalityand inclusion. For abolitionist advocacy, weconsider that this involves recognizing the gen-der biases inherent in the application of capitalpunishment and the specific realities faced bywomen and LGBTQ+ individuals exposed tothe death penalty, while actively working tocombat these discriminatory acts and, morebroadly, to enhance protection and addressthe needs of these populations. This type of ac-tion goes beyond gender-sensitive actions thatmerely acknowledge the specific reality of wo-men and LGBTQ+ people without taking anysteps to remedy it.IntersectionalityA concept that refers to the intersection ofdifferent forms of structural discrimination,marginalization, and oppression. It does notsimply refer to the accumulation of multiplediscriminations but rather to how their interac-tion creates specific and distinct forms ofopression. For example, discrimination basedon sex, gender, race, class, caste, or anotheridentity, does not operate in isolation. Aspeople may be subjected to one or more typesof discrimination at the same time, an intersec-tional approach allows for a better understan-ding of the nature and form of discriminationencountered by a person7LGBTQ+Stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender,Queer and other identities not specified. Inthis guide, we use the acronym LGBTQ+ toreflect the current understanding of gender-based discrimination in the application ofthe death penalty. So far, analyses have primrilyfocused on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,and queer individuals. This includes the imposi-tion of the death penalty based on genderidentity or sexual orientation, whether actualor perceived. However, the World Coalitionacknowledges that intersex individuals andother sexual and gender minorities may alsoface the death penalty and encounter speci-fic challenges related to their identity, whichmust be taken into account. Furthermore,throughout this guide, references are made towomen and LGBTQ+ individuals, while reco-gnizing the intersection between these cate-gories. The term «woman» thus includes les-bian, bisexual, transgender, and queer women.To highlight the specific forms of discrimina-tion faced by sexual and gender minorities, theguide mentions these issues separately.Racial discriminationAny distinction, exclusion, restriction or prefe-rence based on race, color, descent, or natio-nal or ethnic origin which has the purpose oreffect to nullify or to impair the recognition,enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, ofhuman rights and fundamental freedoms in thepolitical, economic, social, cultural or any otherfield of public life3. We note that racial discri-mination is often perpetuated in a context ofsystematic and historical injustices and unequalpower relationships in society.XenophobiaDescribes attitudes, prejudices and behaviorthat reject, exclude and often vilify persons,based on the perception that they are outsidersor foreigners to the community, society or na-tional identity4.1. This definition is inspired by the work of Kimberlé Crenshaw, who first theorized intersectionality in her semi-nal articles: Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of AntidiscriminationDoctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics, University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989. Available at : https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf and Mapping the Margins:Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color, Stanford Law Review, 1991. Available at :https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/critique1313/ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/WCADP_GenderGuide_Chap-1_EN.pdf ) [15] => Array ( [objectID] => 29281 [title] => Necropolitics and state-sponsored drug violence: the death penalty for drug offences in Indonesia [timestamp] => 1771545600 [date] => 20/02/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/necropolitics-and-state-sponsored-drug-violence-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-in-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Necropolitics and state-sponsored drug violence: the death penalty for drugoffences in IndonesiaLucy Harry a,b , Carolyn Hoyle b,*a Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada b Death Penalty Research Unit, Centre for Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UL, United KingdomARTICLE INFOKeywords:Death penaltyDrug-related violenceDrug traffickingSoutheast AsiaNecropoliticsABSTRACTBackground: Much of the literature on drug-related violence focuses on the Americas, its applicability to otherregions of the world unobvious (Liem and Moeller, 2025). Focusing on the death penalty for drug offences inIndonesia – with findings generalisable to other Southeast Asian jurisdictions – we find that, while contemporarytheories focus on the violence within drug markets, here the violence is unidirectional: from the state to civilians.Methods: We apply a necropolitical theoretical framework (Mbembe, 2003) to data from interviews and focusgroups with high level judges (8 participants), prosecutors (32), narcotics police (8) and other police officers (6)in Jakarta, Indonesia from 2023 to 2024.Results: Our data reveal three key features of the necropolitical theoretical framework:1). State of exception and siege: our participants harnessed the language of a ‘drugs emergency’ in Indonesia,with concerns about invasion, a foreign ‘insurgency’ of drugs, justifying the most punitive criminal justiceresponse.2). Annihilation for preservation: judicial and extrajudicial executions of drug traffickers are justified for theprotection of current and future generations from the scourge of drugs.3). Racism in post-colonial practice: executions for drug offences have been disproportionately directed atforeign nationals.Conclusion: This paper invites the reader to zoom out from the typical focus on violence within the drug trade toconsider punishment – judicial and extrajudicial – as a form of state-sponsored, necropolitical violence, part ofthe continuum of ‘drug-related violence’ rather than simply a matter of penal policy.IntroductionFormer Indonesian President Joko ‘Jokowi’ Widodo publicly proclaimed in 2017: ‘I have told you, just be firm, especially with foreigndrug dealers who enter the country and resist [upon arrest]. Gun themdown. Give no mercy’ (Halim, 2017). That year, the Indonesian humanrights organisation, Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat (LBHM)recorded 159 cases of police shootings in relation to potential drug offences, with 199 victims, of whom 68 were killed (Harm Reduction International, 2024). What is more, during his presidency, Jokowioversaw the judicial execution of 18 people, all for drug trafficking, 15of whom were foreign nationals. Judicial executions (not extra-judicialkillings) are the subject of this article, though in Southeast Asia thereis considerable overlap between the two (Lasco, 2020).Capital punishment scholar, Dudai (2023) writes that ‘[t]he globaldeath penalty is arguably a coherent part of a contemporary landscapeof violence, suffering and injustices, part of what Mbembe (2003)termed “necropolitics”: the range of policies that give the sovereign thepower to determine whose lives are expendable (and of which the deathpenalty is only one)’ (143). Utilising a criminological approach, here weadopt the theoretical lens of necropolitics to analyse data from interviews and focus groups with high level judges (8), prosecutors (32),narcotics police (8) and other police officers (6) in Jakarta from 2023 to2024 to present two key arguments. First, to show that drug violence inSoutheast Asia – unlike in other parts of the world which have been thefocus of much scholarship on drug markets – is mainly perpetrated bythe state against its citizens, rather than within and between drugtrading communities. Second, in developing this theme, it will be arguedthat the death penalty for drug offences in Southeast Asia (concentratingon the case-study of Indonesia) should rightfully be conceived of as a* Corresponding author at: University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.E-mail address: carolyn.hoyle@crim.ox.ac.uk (C. Hoyle).Contents lists available at ScienceDirectInternational Journal of Drug Policyjournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/drugpohttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105157International Journal of Drug Policy 149 (2026) 105157Available online 28 January 20260955-3959/© 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).form of state-sponsored, necropolitical violence, and as such, should becategorised as part of the continuum of ‘drug-related violence’.Literature reviewThe International Narcotics Control Board (2003) characterisedviolence associated with drug abuse as follows: ‘There are forms of crimeand violence associated with international cartels, there is violent crimeperpetrated by or against individual drug abusers [sic] and there areinnocent individuals who are caught in the crossfire of violent drugcultures’ (1). This definition has no room for states perpetrating violenceagainst those involved, or suspected to be involved, in the illicit drugtrade. Similarly, recent research on violence associated with illicit drugmarkets (Andreas & Wallman, 2009), which has proliferated since the1980s, following the advent of crack cocaine in the United States (US),has focused on violence associated with the production, distribution andconsumption of drugs), with no mention of violence at the hands of thestate.The extant research focuses on the ‘Americas’, particularly LatinAmerica and the Caribbean, finding that over the past decades large,well-equipped rival drug cartels have attacked each other - with violencea clear consequence of fragmentation and cooperation within and between criminal enterprises (Atuesta & Perez-Davila, 2018) - as well asthe state, following efforts to crackdown on drug production and distribution (Lessing, 2017; Dell, 2015; Andreas & Wallman, 2009:226;Reuter, 2009). Scholars now suggest we need to shift our empirical gazefrom the West, and the Americas in particular:‘[to] include data from countries from the Global South …. Includingthese countries in empirical work will likely unveil the multifacetedsocio-economic dynamics, historical legacies, and geopolitical factors driving drug-related violence’ (Liem & Moeller, 2025:83).The argument seems to be that shifting attention to under-researchedjurisdictions in the Global South will provide further empirical supportfor the assumption that violence happens within drug trading communities rather than to them.Drug-related violence in Southeast AsiaStudies have found that ‘violence seems to be less inherent inSoutheast Asia’s drug trade than is the case in …. other places wherenarcotics … are actively grown and sold’ (Tagliacozzo, 2009:249), withlittle evidence of sustained inter-cartel warfare in the region (Meehan &Dan, 2023). Indeed, at just 2.3 homicides per 100,000 population, Asiahas a low homicide rate compared to 15 per 100,000 in the Americas,where the expansion of the transnational drug trade has increasedviolence across Latin America and the Caribbean (United Nations Officeon Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2023). Across East and Southeast Asia,the drug trade tends to be highly fragmented with mutually isolatedgroups of local entrepreneurs performing small tasks within networksand relationships motivated by trust, rather than coercion (Chin &Zhang, 2015). Therefore, ‘Unlike their counterparts in Latin America,who are extremely violent and often involved in drug-related homicides,Vietnamese drug trafficking groups consist mostly of minor businesseswho take all possible precautions to limit investigation by andconfrontation with [Law Enforcement Agencies] or each other’ (Luong,2020:91). Thailand’s drug markets too are ‘essentially non-violent’(Windle, 2016:10).In contrast with the Americas, in Southeast Asia, scholarship ondrug-related violence is focused on the violence of state actors againstcivilians (Reyes, 2016). Counter-narcotics operations in numerouscountries in the region have led to extrajudicial arrests and killings(United Nations Human Rights Committee, 2005). A stark example isprovided by the Philippines, where former President Duterte’s War onDrugs led to the extrajudicial killings of thousands of civilians (Ratcliffe,2025; Reyes, 2016; Johnson & Fernquest, 2018). At the time of writing,Duterte is facing trial at the International Criminal Court for crimesagainst humanity having presided over a deadly war on illicit drugs,with reports suggesting that >6000 suspects were killed by police orunknown assailants throughout his leadership, from 2016 to 2022, withfurther deaths occurring prior to this, during his time as Mayor of Davaocity (Guinto & Head, 2025). The Philippines is but the worst example;brutal and uncompromising ‘wars on drugs’ have been prevalent acrossSouth and Southeast Asia, including in Thailand in 2003 (Hasson &Hoyle, 2024) and Bangladesh in 2018 (Kenny, 2019; Lasco, 2020).Turning to Indonesia: soon after he became president, Jokowideclared, in December 2014, that his government would empty deathrow of its (then) 64 prisoners convicted for drug offences to tackle the‘drugs emergency’ (McRae, 2017). The state promptly executed 14 suchprisoners within six months. While only another four executions followed, in 2016, illegal state killings gathered pace. The Indonesianhuman rights monitor, KontraS estimated that the police and NationalNarcotics Agency (BNN) officers fatally shot 106 drugs suspects betweenSeptember 2016 and September 2017, with many such killings since,coinciding with further punitive rhetoric from the president. In analarmingly graphic statement, the then head of BNN was reported tohave said drug criminals should be ‘cut up and fed to crocodiles’ (McRae,2017). These fatal shootings, and their threat, allowed the governmentto [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395926000095 ) [16] => Array ( [objectID] => 29259 [title] => Calling Urgent Attention to Proposals for the Death Penalty in Israel [timestamp] => 1771200000 [date] => 16/02/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-urgent-attention-to-proposals-for-the-death-penalty-in-israel/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/statment-israel-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) is alarmed by the content of two bills that are presently before Israel’s Knesset, in which it is proposed to expand the scope of the death penalty for terrorism offences, and permit resort to the death penalty in ad hoc military courts for trials related to the […] [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) is alarmed by the content of two bills that are presently before Israel’s Knesset, in which it is proposed to expand the scope of the death penalty for terrorism offences, and permit resort to the death penalty in ad hoc military courts for trials related to the attacks of 7 October 2023. (more…) "Calling Urgent Attention to Proposals for the Death Penalty in Israel" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Israel ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [17] => Array ( [objectID] => 29250 [title] => Death Penalty in India – Annual statistics report 2025 & 10 Years of Death Penalty Data (2016-2025) [timestamp] => 1770336000 [date] => 06/02/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2025-10-years-of-death-penalty-data-2016-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => DEATH PENALTY IN INDIAANNUAL STATISTICS REPORT 202520& 10 Years of Death Penalty Data (2016-2025)25DEATH PENALTY IN INDIAANNUAL STATISTICS REPORT 2025& 10 Years of Death Penalty Data (2016-2025)Supervision and WritingMaitreyi MisraData Analysis and Writing AssistanceAnkita Talukdar & Aparna BhatnagarData FellowBharat A. RamanaDesignDiagrammerPublished byThe Square Circle ClinicNALSAR University of Law, HyderabadISBN978-81-993138-0-4February 2026Varsha Sharma1997-2025Your kindness and optimismwere without parallelWe will forever feel your absenceThe world is dimmer without youTable ofContentsPART IGlossary ........................iForeword ......................1Overview .....................3Death Penaltyin 2025Sessions Courts in 2025 .....................................8Persons sentenced to death across states andoffences ..................................................................10Compliance with constitutional safeguards atsentencing ...............................................................11High Courts in 2025 ...........................................13Acquittals ................................................................15Confirmations .........................................................21Commutations .......................................................23Remand ..................................................................39Disposal and pendency in High Courts .................40Supreme Court in 2025 .....................................42Acquittals ...............................................................44Confirmations .......................................................48Commutations........................................................49Remand ..................................................................51Disposal and pendency at the Supreme Courtin 2025 ...................................................................52Domestic and International Developmentson the Death Penalty ................................53Domestic developments .............................54International developments .........................58PART II Conclusion ..............109Corrections toAnnual StatisticsReport 2024 ............113The Journey Until Now:10 Year AnalysisIntroduction ...........................................................59Persons on Death Row as of 31.12.2025 ..............65Annual Death Row Population (2016-2025) ........67Appellate Court Outcomes in Death SentencesImposed by Sessions Courts (2016-2025) ..........68Sessions Court ......................................................70Number of persons sentenced to death bySessions Courts .....................................................71Death sentence imposed by Sessions Courtsacross nature of offences .......................................71Distribution of death sentences across states ......73Compliance with constitutional standards(2023-2025) ...........................................................74High Courts ...........................................................78Acquittals ...............................................................80Confirmations.........................................................83Commutations........................................................85Supreme Court .....................................................92Supreme Court outcomes ....................................93Acquittals ...............................................................97Confirmations ........................................................99Commutations.......................................................100Mercy Petitions ...................................................103Judicial Developments (2016-2025)...................106i ANNUAL STATISTICS 2025BNSSBharatiya Nagarik SurakshaSanhita, 2023BNSBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023BSABharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023CrPCCriminal Procedure Code, 1973DNADeoxyribonucleic Acid, whichrefers to the genetic materialpresent in human cells, commonlyrecovered from biological tracessuch as blood, semen, saliva, hairroots, and skin cells.Fixed term sentencesexcluding remissionLife imprisonment sentences thatexclude the state’s power to grantremission for a fixed term. Thesekinds of sentences are oftenimposed by appellate Courts whencommuting death sentences. Seealso LWOR.FSLForensic Science LaboratoryIEAIndian Evidence Act, 1872IPCIndian Penal Code, 1860Life imprisonment excludingremission for the rest of natural lifeSentences imposed by courtswhen commuting death sentencesand which exclude the state’spowers to grant remission for theremainder of a prisoner’s naturallife. In this report, we havecategorised sentences asexcluding remission for the rest of aperson’s natural life when courtshave explicitly excluded remission.There are however instances whereCourts have not explicitly statedthat remission is excluded and haveinstead used phrases like lifeimprisonment ‘until the last breath’or ‘till the end of his lifespan’. Fornow and until further clarity isprovided by Courts, we havecategorised them as lifeimprisonment sentences excludingremission for the rest of natural life.See also LWOR.Life imprisonment simpliciterPunishment of life imprisonmentwhere the state’s powers to grantremission are not excluded. UnderS.4, BNS (S.53, IPC)),“imprisonment for life” meansimprisonment for the remainder ofone’s natural life, but where thepower of the state to grantremission is not excluded. In such acase, imprisonment may be eitherrigorous or simple. For thepurposes of this report, “lifeimprisonment” is treated as lifeimprisonment simpliciter unless thejudgment explicitly states thatremission is excluded.LWORLife imprisonment without thepossibility of release. Suchpunishments exclude the state’s powerto grant remission, either for a fixedterm or for the rest of a person’s naturallife. See also Remission.MIRMitigation Investigation ReportMurder simpliciterPunishable under S.103, BNS (S.302,IPC). This category refers to an offence ofmurder which is not accompanied withany other serious offence such as sexualviolence, kidnapping or dacoity.NDPS ActNarcotic Drugs and PsychotropicSubstances Act, 1985PILPublic Interest LitigationPOCSO ActProtection of Children from SexualOffences Act, 2012RemandUnder S.427 (b)(i), BNSS (S. 386 (b)(i),CrPC), appellate courts have the power tosend a case back to be re-tried by thecourt of competent jurisdiction and whichis subordinate to such Appellate Court.RemissionUnder Ss.473 and 475, BNSS (Ss.432 and433, CrPC) the state or central governmenthas the power to reduce the length of thesentence without changing its nature. Thisdoes not alter the original sentence butshortens the time to be served, allowing thepossibility of earlier release if the personmeets the prescribed conditions.SLPSpecial Leave Petition. In cases wherethe death penalty has been confirmedby the High Court, the appeal to theSupreme Court is not automatic. Theaccused has to file a Special LeavePetition under Article 136 of theConstitution, which has to be admitted bythe Court.The Court can dismiss SpecialLeave Petitions at the threshold withoutreasons. If the Petition is admitted it isconverted to a Criminal Appeal.GlossaryANNUAL STATISTICS 2025 1FOREWORDThis 2025 edition marks the 10th year of the DeathPenalty in India: Annual Statistics Report. We startedout with a modest ambition: to bring within reachinformation on the death penalty which may havebeen publicly available but was neither accessiblenor consolidated in any meaningful way.We are proud of what we’ve been able to achievein the past 10 years of data collection, analysis anddissemination on the death penalty, all of which westarted when we were Project 39A, National LawUniversity Delhi. From 31st March, 2025 we createda new home at The Square Circle Clinic, NALSARUniversity of Law, Hyderabad. We look forward tothis next phase of the Annual Statistics where wewill continue to build on our efforts to put out dataon the death penalty in India which is ascomprehensive as possible.It is almost impossible to state with any kindof certainty the number of death sentenceshanded out in any given year or even know theexact number of prisoners under the sentenceof death at any given point. - Foreword, Death Penalty in India:Annual Statistics Report, 2016Our original mission was to plug this gap. Over theyears the impossibility identified in 2016 may havebecome easier to navigate, but it hasn’tdisappeared. Absent any other publicly available andcomprehensive data on the death penalty, we stillgather our data by scraping information utilising thesame resources as before. News reports, and ecourts websites including those of individual HighCourts and the Supreme Court remain our mostcommon sources of information.However, robust data scraping and cross checkingcan only assure data accuracy where data isavailable. Sometimes data is simply not available oris available belatedly. In a country as diverse as oursalong multiple axes of religion, caste, culture andlanguage, administrative divergence almost loses itsplace and importance. Often, we have foundourselves faced with a data deficit becausejudgements are not always available publicly. Forinstance, states non-uniformly follow different ruleswith respect to making judgements available incases under the POCSO Act. As a result, withrespect to states which do not make judgmentsunder the POCSO Act publicly available, littleinformation regarding the case is available withwhich we can compute data for our purposes. We,therefore, have to simply wait until the judgement ismade available or the High Court judgement at theconfirmation stage gives us the requisite details. Weoften face a similar barrier with language. We havevery often had to wait for data entry and analysiswhile judgements are translated into English inorder for us to analyse them along some of theparameters that we need. Data collection andanalysis, in such contexts, is a pursuit requiringmuch forbea [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://thesquarecircleclinic.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/final-annual-stats.pdf ) [18] => Array ( [objectID] => 29248 [title] => Alternatives to the death penalty [timestamp] => 1770336000 [date] => 06/02/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/alternatives-to-the-death-penalty-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Alternatives tothe death penaltyInformation packUpdated edition (2025)Alternatives to the death penalty information pack(Third edition 2025)This document is published by Penal Reform Internationaland the Life Imprisonment Worldwide project.This document has been produced with the financialassistance of the European Union. The contents of thisdocument are the sole responsibility of PRI and theLife Imprisonment Worldwide project and can underno circumstances be regarded as reflecting the positionof the European Union.Much of the research that underpins this publicationwas carried out by Zinat Jimada, Dr Catherine Appletonand Emeritus Professor Dirk van Zyl Smit of the LifeImprisonment Worldwide Project.Due credit must be given to this publication. The full citationfor this publication is as follows: Penal Reform International,Jimada, Z., Appleton, C. and van Zyl Smit, D. (2025)Alternatives to the Death Penalty Information Pack. London:Penal Reform International.This publication may be freely reviewed, abstracted,reproduced, and translated, in part or in whole, but not forsale, or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes.Any changes to the text of this publication must beapproved by Penal Reform International.Translating or reproducing this publication in itsentirety must be approved by PRI; please contactpublications@penalreform.org.Penal Reform Internationalwww.penalreform.orgZinat JimadaInstitute for Crime & Justice Policy Research,Birkbeck University of London, UKCatherine AppletonCentre for Research and Education in Security, Prisonsand Forensic Psychiatry, St Olav's University Hospital,Trondheim, and Institute of Law, Lithuanian Centrefor Social Sciences.Dirk van Zyl SmitUniversity of Nottingham, UK and University of Cape Town,South AfricaPublished in December 2025© 2025 Penal Reform International / The Life ImprisonmentWorldwide projectCover photo by Cory Wright.Graphic design by Alex Valy.Alternatives to the death penalty information packContentsAcronyms 04The declining use of the death penalty 05Alternatives to the death penalty: a review of current practices 08Fixed-term sentences 08Life imprisonment 08The prevalence of life and long-term imprisonment 20The increasing use of life imprisonment 20Life and long-term imprisonment and specific populations 24Children 24Women 26Older persons 27People with mental health conditions 28Foreign nationals 29The impact of life and long-term imprisonment 30Implementing life and long-term imprisonment:a human rights-consistent framework 31Limits to life and long-term imprisonment 31Treatment of people serving life and long-term sentences 32Rehabilitation and social reintegration of life and long-term prisoners 34Release from life and long-term imprisonment 34Steps toward alternative sanctions to the death penalty 38Penal Reform International 03Alternatives to the death penalty information packAcronymsBangkok Rules UN Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodialMeasures for Women OffendersCoE Council of EuropeCPT Council of Europe Committee for the Prevention of TortureCRC Convention on the Rights of the ChildECHR European Convention on Human RightsECOSOC UN Economic and Social CouncilECtHR European Court of Human RightsGA General Assembly (of the United Nations)ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural RightsLWOP Life imprisonment without the possibility of paroleLWP Life imprisonment with the possibility of paroleNPM National Preventive MechanismNMR Nelson Mandela Rules (revised UN Standard Minimum Rulesfor the Treatment of Prisoners)OPCAT Optional Protocol to the Convention Against TorturePRI Penal Reform InternationalSPT UN Subcommittee on Prevention of TortureTB TuberculosisUDHR Universal Declaration of Human RightsUK United KingdomUN United NationsUS United States of AmericaWHO World Health Organization04 Penal Reform InternationalAlternatives to the death penalty information packThe declining useof the death penalty1. Amnesty International, Death sentences and executions 2024, UK, 2014, p. 42, www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/8976/2025/en.2. ‘HC Türk Remarks to Biennial High-Level Panel Discussion on the Death Penalty’, UN Statements and Speeches, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights,25 February 2025, www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2025/02/hc-turk-remarks-biennial-high-level-panel-discussion-death-penalty.3. The figures do not include thousands of people believed to have been executed in China, the world’s leading executioner in 2024; North Korea and Viet Nam, countriesbelieved to continue to carry out executions but where information on this is not available; and Palestine and Syria due to ongoing crises (Death sentences andexecutions 2024, pp. 8 & 9).4. Amnesty International, Death sentences and executions 2024, UK, 2014, p. 7–10, www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/8976/2025/en.5. ‘HC Türk Remarks to Biennial High-Level Panel Discussion on the Death Penalty’, UN Statements and Speeches, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights,25 February 2025, www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2025/02/hc-turk-remarks-biennial-high-level-panel-discussion-death-penalty.Abolition of the death penalty is gainingmomentum worldwideOver the last 50 years, there has been a clear globaltrend towards the abolition of the death penalty anda significant restriction in its use. As of 31 December2024, 113 countries have abolished the death penaltyentirely, both in law and in practice.1 Many others haveimplemented moratoriums or limited its application,such as reserving it for exceptional crimes undermilitary law or in exceptional circumstances.Support for worldwide abolition continues to grow at theinternational level. In December 2024, a record 129 UNmember states voted in favour of the annual resolutioncalling for a moratorium on the death penalty.2 Thisreflects increasing momentum towards the globalrejection of capital punishment as a lawful sanction.While the number of known executions has risen inrecent years, up 32 per cent from 1,153 in 2023 to 1,518 in2024, the number of countries carrying out executionshas declined, reaching a record low of 15 countries in2024.3 Today, only 54 countries retain the death penaltyfor ordinary crimes.4As states follow this global trend towards abolition,they need to consider how to operate without capitalpunishment. This updated information pack providesan overview of sanctions and practices used globallyas alternatives to capital punishment. It offers guidanceon implementing these alternatives in line withprevailing international and regional human rights andpenal standards, and concludes with 12 practical stepstowards fairer, more effective alternatives to the deathpenalty. As many of these alternative sanctions are alsoused by states that retain the death penalty, this pack isrelevant to both abolitionist and retentionist countries.The death penalty is a practicethat should have no place in the21st century. While a number ofcountries argue that it lies withintheir national sovereignty, from myperspective, it is incompatible withhuman dignity and the right to life.The United Nations, as a matter ofpolicy, opposes it in all its forms.5Volker Türk, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (2022–)Principles for selecting alternativesanctions to the death penaltyOffences that attract the death penalty are typicallyamong the most serious crimes, often provoking strongpublic reactions and political pressure for severepunishment. Following abolition or the introductionof a moratorium, many states have turned to lifeimprisonment as the default alternative, sometimesin its most severe form – life imprisonment withoutthe possibility of parole (LWOP). This response isfrequently motivated by a so-called ‘tough on crime’stance intended to assuage public concern, rather thanby a careful, evidence-based assessment of whetherthe alternative sanction is necessary, proportionate,just, or compatible with international humanrights standards.It is often assumed that sparing the life of a convictedperson is a sufficient benefit. Yet this view fails toengage with the fundamental principle of humanPenal Reform International 05Alternatives to the death penalty information packdignity and the rehabilitative purpose of imprisonment.It also overlooks the ‘right to hope’ – the principlethat people in prison should always retain a genuineprospect of release and reintegration into society. (See‘Implementing life and long-term sentences: a humanrights-consistent framework’ page 31).States replacing the death penalty may also fail to fullyexplore the range of available alternative sentencingoptions. Punishment imposed arbitrarily, or basedsolely on punitive grounds, may be incompatible withstates’ responsibilities towards their citizens and theirobligations under international law. The impositionof disproportionately severe, excessively lengthy,or lifelong sentences can furthermore normaliseexcessive penalties and, in turn, contribute to broadersentence inflation.6Courts face one of their most demandingresponsibilities when sentencing individuals convictedof the most heinous crimes. While penalties mustreflect society’s need for denunciation, they mustequally uphold fundamental human rights principles.The replacement of the death penalty should not entailsubstituting one irreversible and excessive punishmentwith another. Rather, it should involve developing aflexible and humane system of imprisonment, groundedin judicial discretion and guided by the full spectrumof penal objectives – denunciation, deterrence,incapacitation, retribution, restoration for victims,and rehabilitation – with the primary aim of protectingsociety from crime and reducing recidivism.> States should adhere to international human rightsand penal norms and standards when establishingalternative sanctions to the death penalty.Alternative sanctions to the death penalty must con [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://cdn.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/PRI_Alternatives-to-death-penalty-2025_ENG.pdf ) [19] => Array ( [objectID] => 29244 [title] => Saudi Arabia 2025: The Death Penalty Rules [timestamp] => 1770336000 [date] => 06/02/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/saudi-arabia-2025-the-death-penalty-rules/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => "Through this annual report, the European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR) provides a comprehensive analysis of execution figures in 2025, documents the cases behind the numbers, and sheds light on the grave violations that accompanied arrest, trial, and execution, as part of its ongoing efforts to expose the reality of capital punishment in Saudi Arabia." [texte] => 2 February، 2026IntroductionOver the past decade, the death penalty in Saudi Arabia has followed an escalating and increasingly brutal trajectory, revealing the reality of state practices long concealed behind reformist rhetoric, official assurances, and carefully curated narratives of openness. In 2025, this reality once again manifested with devastating clarity, as executions claimed the lives of juveniles in flagrant defiance of international legal standards, public appeals, diplomatic interventions, and the Kingdom’s own declared commitments to human rights protection. These practices demonstrate a sustained disregard for Saudi Arabia’s international obligations and for the fundamental right to life. Image-polishing campaigns and narratives of reform have provided no protection from the executioner’s blade—not even for those who spent years on death row, trapped between official promises and deliberate delays, awaiting justice that never materialised.Since 2015, the use of the death penalty has increasingly reflected the political direction of the Saudi state. Official discourse centred on “unprecedented reforms” has coincided with a steady expansion in the scope and application of capital punishment. From mass executions, to the introduction of new offences punishable by death, to the systematic targeting of the most vulnerable groups—who now constitute the majority of those executed—this policy has become unmistakably clear. In 2025, as Saudi Arabia shattered its execution record for the second consecutive year, resumed the execution of juveniles, executed a journalist, and manipulated the fate of detainees through cycles of delay and reprieve, the death penalty emerged as an exposed and undeniable emblem of state practice.Through this annual report, the European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR) provides a comprehensive analysis of execution figures in 2025, documents the cases behind the numbers, and sheds light on the grave violations that accompanied arrest, trial, and execution, as part of its ongoing efforts to expose the reality of capital punishment in Saudi Arabia.The NumbersFive women were executed in 2025. These cases included one conviction related to kidnapping and sorcery, two Saudi women convicted of murder, and two women executed for drug-related offences—one Nigerian and one Afghan national. Saudi Arabia resumed executions of women for drug offences in 2019 following the execution of a Nigerian woman. Although public information on these cases remains limited, credible indicators raise serious concerns that some of these women may have been victims of human trafficking.Five women were executed in 2025. These cases included one conviction related to kidnapping and sorcery, two Saudi women convicted of murder, and two women executed for drug-related offences—one Nigerian and one Afghan national. Saudi Arabia resumed executions of women for drug offences in 2019 following the execution of a Nigerian woman. Although public information on these cases remains limited, credible indicators raise serious concerns that some of these women may have been victims of human trafficking.Five women were executed in 2025. These cases included one conviction related to kidnapping and sorcery, two Saudi women convicted of murder, and two women executed for drug-related offences—one Nigerian and one Afghan national. Saudi Arabia resumed executions of women for drug offences in 2019 following the execution of a Nigerian woman. Although public information on these cases remains limited, credible indicators raise serious concerns that some of these women may have been victims of human trafficking.Available data indicate that the majority of executions were carried out in drug-related cases, totalling 240 executions, in clear violation of the principle under international law that restricts the death penalty to the “most serious crimes,” defined as intentional killing. Political executions accounted for 45 cases, 75% of which did not involve any charge of murder, according to Ministry of Interior statements. By contrast, 60 executions were carried out in murder cases, alongside a smaller number of cases involving armed robbery, kidnapping, sorcery, and alleged gang formation.JuvenilesIn 2025, Saudi Arabia resumed the execution of juveniles, in blatant violation of its previous official commitments, including the Juvenile Law and a royal decree that authorities had claimed halted discretionary death sentences for individuals who were under 18 at the time of the alleged offence. Prior to this, the execution of juvenile Mustafa al-Darwish in June 2021 was the last such case documented by ESOHR.These executions were accompanied by severe violations, including the failure to notify families in advance of execution dates, the denial of the right to a final farewell, and the refusal to return bodies or disclose burial locations. In several cases, families learned of the executions only through unofficial sources.The executions were carried out despite explicit legal opinions issued by UN experts, including the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, which confirmed that the detention of these juveniles was arbitrary and that their continued detention and sentencing constituted an unlawful deprivation of the right to life.On 21 August 2025, Saudi Arabia announced the execution of juvenile Jalal Labad following a trial that failed to meet the most basic standards of fairness and relied on confessions extracted under torture, in clear violation of the Convention against Torture. While the Ministry of Interior claimed that Labad faced a murder charge, ESOHR’s documentation, based on court records, confirms that he was not charged with direct murder. Labad was arrested on 23 February 2017 during a raid on his home in al-Awamiya without an arrest warrant. He was subjected to nearly nine and a half months of solitary confinement, denied access to legal counsel, and tortured repeatedly. He was not brought before the Specialized Criminal Court until more than two years after his arrest. Charges against him included participation in demonstrations at the age of 15, attending funerals, and allegedly sheltering “wanted persons.”On 20 October 2025, Saudi Arabia executed juvenile Abdullah al-Darazi. He was arrested at the age of 18 for charges related to acts committed during childhood that did not constitute “most serious crimes.” He was held in solitary confinement for six months, subjected to physical and psychological torture to extract confessions, and forcibly disappeared during the first three months of his detention. Despite informing the court that his confessions had been obtained under torture and in the absence of legal assistance, the court issued a discretionary death sentence without presenting any material evidence.Drug-Related ExecutionsDrug-related executions more than doubled in 2025 compared to 2024, which recorded 122 such cases. During 2025, the Saudi Press Agency published 222 execution announcements related to drug offences, including 100 cases involving cannabis trafficking, receipt, or distribution—a charge for which death sentences began to be implemented only in the previous year. Thirty-nine of these cases involved Somali nationals, all detained in Najran Prison.Non-Saudis accounted for 81% of all drug-related executions. Saudi Arabia resumed executions for drug offences in May 2024 after a nine-month suspension, following a pattern of repeated pauses, including one that lasted nearly two years between January 2020 and November 2021. These cycles of suspension and resumption have constituted a form of severe psychological torture for prisoners and their families.Since 2024, ESOHR has monitored the cases of 34 Egyptian nationals facing execution in Tabuk Prison and documented a consistent pattern of grave violations. On 18 February 2025, several detainees began a hunger strike to protest restrictions on communication with their families, severely limited phone access, and degrading treatment during transfers to the prison clinic, including being forced to walk barefoot while shackled. As a result, some detainees refrained from seeking medical care despite serious illnesses.On 14 April 2025, following the suspension during Ramadan and Eid, authorities resumed executions by executing a Sudanese detainee who was reportedly woken from sleep and taken directly to the execution site. Subsequently, executions in Tabuk were halted for 50 days between June and August, creating false hope among families that sentences would be commuted. In July, families were informed that cases were under review by order of the Crown Prince, and a representative of the Saudi Human Rights Commission visited the prison. Families were later pressured not to raise the cases publicly or with human rights mechanisms.On 15 September 2025, Saudi Arabia executed four Egyptian nationals despite the submission of legal petitions for reconsideration, which should have legally suspended executions pending adjudication. On 16 December 2025, Egyptian national Essam al-Shazly was executed in Tabuk Prison while his family awaited a Supreme Court decision on a submitted appeal. The family later learned that the appeal had been rejected only one day prior to the execution. By the end of 2025, Saudi Arabia had executed 24 Egyptian nationals, while ten others remained on death row in Tabuk Prison.In all documented cases, families were not notified in advance of execution dates, were denied the right to a final farewell, and were refused the return of bodies for burial.Freedom of Expression CasesOn 14 June 2025, the Saudi Ministry of Interior announced the execution of journalist Turki al-Jasser, who was accused of “treason”—a vague and expansive charge increasingly used in recent years. His execution marks the first documented execution of a journalist in Saudi Arabia and raises grave concerns for the fate of dozens of forcibly disappeared in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.esohr.org/en/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-2025-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85/ ) [20] => Array ( [objectID] => 29237 [title] => Flawed Framework, Fatal Discretion: Unraveling Implicit Bias in Capital Punishment Decisions [timestamp] => 1769126400 [date] => 23/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/flawed-framework-fatal-discretion-unraveling-implicit-bias-in-capital-punishment-decisions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5098&context=caselrev ) [21] => Array ( [objectID] => 29235 [title] => The Deserving: What the Lives of the Condemned Reveal about American Justice [timestamp] => 1769126400 [date] => 23/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-deserving-what-the-lives-of-the-condemned-reveal-about-american-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://advancechange.org/blog/the-deserving-is-out-today/ ) [22] => Array ( [objectID] => 29129 [title] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2025: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/texas-death-penalty-developments-in-2025-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://tcadp.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Texas-Death-Penalty-Developments-in-2025-FINAL-FOR-PUBLICATION.pdf ) [23] => Array ( [objectID] => 29127 [title] => A village of graves: Widespread and systematic drug executions in Iran [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-village-of-graves-widespread-and-systematic-drug-executions-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/media/files/A_Village_of_Graves-_Widespread_and_Systematic_Drug_Executions_in_Iran___5TsowOb.pdf ) [24] => Array ( [objectID] => 29125 [title] => We, the People – A Record of Florida’s Death Penalty in 2025 [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/we-the-people-a-record-of-floridas-death-penalty-in-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dqFRjuR4qIJnZA6G03MtCdF5Yg9RLzSz/view ) [25] => Array ( [objectID] => 29116 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2025 [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Majority of Capital Juries in 2025 Rejected Death Sentences [texte] => Majority of Capital Juries in 2025 Rejected Death Sentences [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://files.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/YER2025_FINAL2.pdf ) [26] => Array ( [objectID] => 29104 [title] => FFPA Death Penalty: Phase 2 Is Coming [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ffpa-death-penalty-phase-2-is-coming/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Transparency, governance and funding priorities at the heart of FFPA Phase 2 The FFPA Death Penalty project is entering a new chapter. As part of its mission to strengthen and expand the global abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, together with the FFPA Consortium partners, is preparing to launch Phase 2 of […] [texte] => Transparency, governance and funding priorities at the heart of FFPA Phase 2The FFPA Death Penalty project is entering a new chapter. As part of its mission to strengthen and expand the global abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, together with the FFPA Consortium partners, is preparing to launch Phase 2 of the FFPA Death Penalty project, which will run from 1 April 2026 to April 2028. (more…) "FFPA Death Penalty: Phase 2 Is Coming" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [27] => Array ( [objectID] => 29099 [title] => Abolitionist advocacy at the 91st session of the CEDAW Committee and side event during the 59th session of the Human Rights Council. [timestamp] => 1768435200 [date] => 15/01/2026 [annee] => 2026 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-advocacy-at-the-91st-session-of-the-cedaw-committee-and-side-event-during-the-59th-session-of-the-human-rights-council/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/CEDAW-89-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) actively advocated during the 91st session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), held in Geneva from 16 June to 4 July 2025, to denounce gender-based discrimination in the application of the death penalty in Afghanistan and Thailand. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) actively advocated during the 91st session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), held in Geneva from 16 June to 4 July 2025, to denounce gender-based discrimination in the application of the death penalty in Afghanistan and Thailand. (more…) "Abolitionist advocacy at the 91st session of the CEDAW Committee and side event during the 59th session of the Human Rights Council." [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [28] => Array ( [objectID] => 29088 [title] => Living on death row in India: The many ‘becomings’ [timestamp] => 1765497600 [date] => 12/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/living-on-death-row-in-india-the-many-becomings/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/26326663251385084?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.1 ) [29] => Array ( [objectID] => 29062 [title] => Renewed momentum for abolition: a look back at the 5th Regional Congress in Tokyo [timestamp] => 1765411200 [date] => 11/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/renewed-momentum-for-abolition-a-look-back-at-the-5th-regional-congress-in-tokyo/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/concert-at-the-5th-Regional-Congress-in-Tokyo-500x250.jpg [extrait] => From 7 to 9 November 2025, Tokyo hosted the 5th Regional Congress on the Death Penalty in East Asia, organized by ECPM (Ensemble contre la peine de mort/ Together Against the Death Penalty), in partnership with the Centre for Prisoners’ Rights (CPR), the Japan Federation of Bar Associations (JFBA) and the Asian Death Penalty Abolition […] [texte] => From 7 to 9 November 2025, Tokyo hosted the 5th Regional Congress on the Death Penalty in East Asia, organized by ECPM (Ensemble contre la peine de mort/ Together Against the Death Penalty), in partnership with the Centre for Prisoners' Rights (CPR), the Japan Federation of Bar Associations (JFBA) and the Asian Death Penalty Abolition Network (ADPAN). (more…) "Renewed momentum for abolition: a look back at the 5th Regional Congress in Tokyo" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Trend Towards Abolition [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [30] => Array ( [objectID] => 28910 [title] => A-HRC-60-L12 [timestamp] => 1764806400 [date] => 04/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-60-l12/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => United Nations A/HRC/60/L.12General Assembly Distr.: Limited29 September 2025Original: EnglishHuman Rights CouncilSixtieth session8 September–8 October 2025Agenda item 3Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil,political, economic, social and cultural rights,including the right to developmentAlbania, Armenia, * Australia,* Austria,* Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Canada,* Chile,Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia,* Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark,* Estonia,* Finland,*France, Georgia, Germany, Greece,* Hungary,* Iceland, Ireland,* Italy,* Latvia,*Liechtenstein,* Lithuania,* Luxembourg,* Malta,* Marshall Islands, Mexico,Monaco,* Mongolia,* Montenegro,* Netherlands (Kingdom of the), New Zealand,*North Macedonia, Norway,* Paraguay,* Peru,* Poland,* Portugal,* Republic ofMoldova,* Romania, San Marino,* Slovakia,* Slovenia,* Spain, Sweden,*Switzerland, Ukraine,* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland* andUruguay*: draft resolution60/… Question of the death penaltyThe Human Rights Council,Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention againstTorture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and all otherrelevant international and regional human rights instruments, and reaffirming that all Statesmust implement their obligations under international human rights law,Recalling also the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civiland Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and in this regard welcomingthe increasing number of accessions to and ratifications of the Second Optional Protocol,Recalling further all General Assembly resolutions on the question of a moratoriumon the use of the death penalty, the last of which was resolution 79/179 of 17 December 2024,Reaffirming the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of persons facing the deathpenalty set out in the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May1984 and the provisions regarding the implementation of the guidelines contained in Councilresolutions 1989/64 of 24 May 1989 and 1996/15 of 23 July 1996,Recalling all resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights on the question of thedeath penalty, the last of which was resolution 2005/59 of 20 April 2005,Recalling also Human Rights Council decision 18/117 of 28 September 2011 onreporting by the Secretary-General on the question of the death penalty, Council resolution22/11 of 21 March 2013 on a panel on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to* State not a member of the Human Rights Council.GE.25-15538 (E)A/HRC/60/L.12the death penalty or executed, Council decision 22/117 of 21 March 2013 on a high-levelpanel discussion on the question of the death penalty, and Council resolutions 26/2 of 26 June2014, 30/5 of 1 October 2015, 36/17 of 29 September 2017, 42/24 of 27 September 2019,48/9 of 8 October 2021 and 54/35 of 13 October 2023 on the question of the death penalty,Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the question of the deathpenalty, in the latest of which the Secretary-General focused on the consequences arising atvarious stages of the imposition and application of the death penalty on the enjoyment of thehuman rights of persons facing the death penalty and other affected persons, paying specificattention to equality of arms, the need to prevent miscarriage or other failure of justice, andthe irreversibility of the death penalty, and in which the Secretary-General stressed theobligation of States to ensure that all persons are equal before courts and tribunals,1Acknowledging the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner forHuman Rights on the high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty,2 whichaddressed the contribution of the judiciary to the advancement of human rights and thequestion of the death penalty, and according to which the panel stressed the centrality ofjudicial discretion in sentencing processes, reviews and commutations in capital punishmentcases, taking into consideration mitigating factors and considering alternative punishments,as an important way to reduce the scope and limit the application of application of the deathpenalty,Taking note of the latest quinquennial report of the Secretary-General on capitalpunishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights ofthose facing the death penalty,3 which documented the progressive trend towards abolitionor the restricted use of the death penalty in most countries, while noting with concern thatdeath sentences continued to be imposed in cases where the standard of “most serious crimes”was not met, including drug-related offences, and in cases of trials that did not comply withinternational standards,Stressing that the term “most serious crimes” has consistently been read restrictivelyand interpreted as pertaining only to crimes of extreme gravity involving intentional killing,and stressing also that under no circumstances can the death penalty ever be applied as asanction against specific forms of conduct, such as apostasy, blasphemy, adultery, consensualsame-sex conduct or relations, establishing political opposition groups or offending a headof State, and that States parties that retain the death penalty for such offences commit aviolation of their international obligations,Mindful of the work of the special procedure mandate holders who have addressedhuman rights issues relating to the death penalty, including the Special Rapporteur on tortureand other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the Special Rapporteur onextrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on the independenceof judges and lawyers, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of humanrights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism and the Working Group onArbitrary Detention,Mindful also of the work undertaken by the treaty bodies to address human rightsissues relating to the death penalty, and noting the increasing attention paid to this issue inthe most recent work of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women,the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Committee on theElimination of Racial Discrimination,Recognizing the role of regional and subregional instruments and initiatives towardsthe abolition of the death penalty, which in some cases have led to the prohibition of the useof the death penalty,1 A/HRC/60/47.2 A/HRC/60/48.3 E/2025/75.2A/HRC/60/L.12Recognizing also the role of national human rights institutions and civil society incontributing to ongoing local and national debates and regional initiatives on the question ofthe death penalty,Welcoming the fact that the international trend towards the abolition of the deathpenalty is continuing, that many States are applying a moratorium on the use of the deathpenalty, and all measures taken by States towards limiting the application of the deathpenalty, including by abolishing the mandatory death penalty,Expressing with deep concern that, despite the global trend towards limiting theapplication of the death penalty, there has been a recent surge in reported executions,including for offences committed by persons below 18 years of age at the time of thecommission of the crime, which is prohibited under international law and constitutes arbitrarydeprivation of life,Noting that States with different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religiousbackgrounds have abolished the death penalty or are applying a moratorium on its use,Recalling article 6 (6) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,which states that nothing in that article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolitionof capital punishment by any State party to the Covenant, and bearing in mind that, accordingto the Human Rights Committee, States parties that are not yet totally abolitionist should beon an irrevocable path towards complete eradication of the death penalty, de facto and dejure, in the foreseeable future,Noting that, also according to the Human Rights Committee, States parties to theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights that have abolished the death penalty arebarred from reintroducing it, and noting also that the reinstatement of the death penalty by aState party to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil andPolitical Rights is a violation of international law,Recalling that derogation from the right to life is never permitted, even during a stateof emergency,Acknowledging the interest in studying the question of the death penalty, as well as inholding local, national, regional and international debates related thereto,Emphasizing the importance for the effectiveness and transparency of debates on thedeath penalty of ensuring that the public has access to balanced information, includingaccurate information and statistics on criminality and the various effective ways to combat itwithout resorting to capital punishment,Strongly deploring the fact that the use of the death penalty leads to violations of thehuman rights of the persons facing the death penalty and of other affected persons,Recalling that, particularly in cases of capital punishment, States are required to dulyand systematically ensure that all persons benefit from a fair trial and a guarantee of dueprocess, including by promptly informing them in a language they understand and in detailof all criminal charges against them and promptly providing them with the effectiveassistance of legal counsel, from the earliest stages of their arrest and/or detention and atevery stage of the proceedings, without discrimination of any kind, and by ensuring effectiveaccess to documents and other evidence that are essential for their defence, including byprov [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/A-HRC-60-L_12.pdf ) [31] => Array ( [objectID] => 28861 [title] => Report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1764806400 [date] => 04/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-secretary-general/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => United Nations A/HRC/60/47General Assembly Distr.: General13 August 2025Original: EnglishHuman Rights CouncilSixtieth session8 September–3 October 2025Agenda items 2 and 3Annual report of the United Nations High Commissionerfor Human Rights and reports of the Office of theHigh Commissioner and the Secretary-GeneralPromotion and protection of all human rights, civil,political, economic, social and cultural rights,including the right to developmentQuestion of the death penaltyReport of the Secretary-General*SummaryThe present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117and resolution 54/35. The report contains an analysis of the consequences arising at variousstages of the imposition and application of the death penalty on the enjoyment of the humanrights of persons facing the death penalty and other affected persons, paying specificattention to equality of arms, the need to prevent miscarriage or other failure of justice, andthe irreversibility of the death penalty. Although considerable progress was made towardsthe abolition of the death penalty during the reporting period, a diminishing number ofretentionist countries continued to substantially increase the number of executions.* The present report was submitted to the conference services for processing after the deadline so as toinclude the most recent information.GE.25-11868 (E) 130825 130825A/HRC/60/47I. Introduction1. The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117and resolution 54/35. In its decision 18/117, the Council requested the Secretary-General tocontinue to submit to the Council, in consultation with Governments, specialized agenciesand intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, a yearly supplement to hisquinquennial report on capital punishment and the implementation of the safeguardsguaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. Section II of the reportcovers the period from 7 June 2023 to 6 June 2025 and is submitted as an update to previousreports on the question of the death penalty, including the quinquennial report of theSecretary-General.2. In its resolution 54/35, the Human Rights Council requested the Secretary-General todedicate the 2025 supplement to his quinquennial report on capital punishment to theconsequences arising at various stages of the imposition and application of the death penaltyon the enjoyment of the human rights of persons facing the death penalty and other affectedpersons, paying specific attention to equality of arms, the need to prevent miscarriage orfailure of justice, and the irreversibility of the death penalty. Section III of the report containsa discussion of that question and is not restricted to the period from 7 June 2023 to 6 June2025.3. The report is based largely on a call for input circulated to States, international andregional organizations, national human rights institutions and non-governmentalorganizations.1II. Changes in law and in practiceA. Abolition of the death penalty or initiatives towards its abolition,including establishing a moratorium on executions4. The Human Rights Committee has stated that article 6 (6) of the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights reaffirms that States Parties that are not yet totallyabolitionist should be on an irrevocable path towards complete eradication of the deathpenalty, de facto and de jure, in the foreseeable future. According to the Committee, the deathpenalty cannot be reconciled with full respect for the right to life, and abolition of the deathpenalty is both desirable and necessary for the enhancement of human dignity and theprogressive development of human rights.25. Progress was made towards the abolition of the death penalty during the reportingperiod. In December 2024, with 130 votes in favour, the General Assembly adopted aresolution, for the tenth time, on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty.3 Antigua andBarbuda, Kenya, Morocco and Zambia voted in favour of the resolution on a moratorium onthe use of the death penalty for the first time. In 2022, the Assembly had adopted theresolution with 125 votes in favour. The number of countries now supporting a moratoriumon the use of the death penalty resolution is the highest ever, amounting to over two thirds ofthe membership of the Assembly.6. Various domestic processes towards the abolition or limitation of the death penaltywere initiated or were ongoing. Momentum towards abolition in sub-Saharan Africacontinued, with Ghana abolishing the death penalty for all crimes except high treason on2 August 2023 4 and Zimbabwe abolishing the death penalty for ordinary crimes on1 Submissions are available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2025/call-inputs-secretary-generals-report-question-death-penalty-60th-session-hrc. Due to a lack of official data, the report alsorelies on open-source information, including from news sources and non-governmental organizations.2 Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 36 (2018), para. 50.3 General Assembly resolution 79/179.4 See https://deathpenaltyproject.org/press-release-ghana-abolishes-the-death-penalty; andhttps://www.africa-legal.com/news-detail/ghana-joins-move-to-abolish-death-2 GE.25-11868A/HRC/60/4731 December 2024.5 Following the abolition of the death penalty, the President of Zambiacommuted the death sentences of the remaining 390 prisoners on death row to lifeimprisonment on 8 February 2023.6 Côte d’Ivoire acceded to the Second Optional Protocolto the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of thedeath penalty, on 3 May 2024, and Zambia acceded to the same instrument on 19 December2024.7. On 6 November 2024, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rightsadopted a resolution urging African States to vote in favour of the General Assemblyresolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. In its resolution, the Commissionalso called upon African States that retained the death penalty to establish or maintain anofficial moratorium and to consider the possibility of abolishing the death penalty.78. In the context of the Human Rights 75 initiative, led by the Office of theUnited Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Liberia pledged to abolishthe death penalty and ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant.8 Chad and theCongo also made pledges in the context of the initiative to ratify the Second OptionalProtocol.99. On 19 October 2023, Armenia ratified Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for theProtection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the Abolition of theDeath Penalty in All Circumstances. Azerbaijan signed the same protocol on 8 March 2023.Pakistan abolished the death penalty for the crime of narcotics offences on 5 August 2023.10. The Parliament of Kenya established a task force to review national legislation on thedeath penalty in February 2025.1011. Following its abolition of the mandatory death penalty on 4 July 2023, Malaysiaconducted a resentencing process for people under sentence of death who had alreadyexhausted their ordinary judicial proceedings.11 That process reduced the number of peopleat risk of execution by over 1,000.12 Indonesia repatriated seven foreign nationals who hadbeen on death row for drug offences13 to their abolitionist home States.14 In January 2025,India commuted the death sentences of nine people to life imprisonment.1512. Important developments also occurred at the sub-State level. In the State ofPennsylvania, United States of America, the House Judiciary Committee voted in favour ofa bill to repeal the death penalty.16 In the State of California, a federal judge ordered thereview of 35 death penalty convictions after learning that prosecutors had intentionallyexcluded Black and Jewish people from juries in capital murder trials through discriminatorypenalty//#:~:text=In%20a%20significant%20step%2C%20Ghana’s,high%20treason%2C%20writes%20Marian%20Ansah.&text=This%20decision%20positions%20Ghana%20as,it%20still%20stands%20for%20treason.5 See https://www.ibanet.org/Zimbabwe-IBAHRI-welcomes-abolition-of-death-penalty.6 See https://www.barrons.com/news/zambia-commutes-nearly-400-death-sentences-after-law-change-01675886708.7 See https://achpr.au.int/en/adopted-resolutions/614-biannual-vote-calling-moratorium-use-death-penalty.8 See https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/udhr/publishingimages/75udhr/Liberia_EN.pdf.9 See https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/udhr/publishingimages/75udhr/Chad_FR.pdf; andhttps://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/udhr/publishingimages/75udhr/Republic%20of%20Congo_FR.pdf.10 See https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2025/02/icj-kenya-welcomes-parliamentary-review-of-death-penalty-as-crucial.11 See https://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/act50/9557/2025/en.12 Amnesty International, Amnesty International Global Report: Death Sentences and Executions 2024(London, 2025), p. 8.13 See https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgq0gdqpql5o.14 See submission from Reprieve.15 See submission from International Commission against the Death Penalty.16 See https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/pennsylvania-house-committee-passes-death-penalty-repeal-bill.GE.25-11868 3A/HRC/60/47jury selection tactics.17 The Governor of the same state signed a bill into law abolishing thedeath penalty for persons with intellectual disabilities. 18 In the State of Delaware, theGovernor signed a bill into law to remove the death penalty from state legislation.19 In theState of North Carolina, the Governor commuted the death sentences of 15 men on death rowto life without parole, based on factors that included racial bias, severe psychosocialimpairment and intellectual disability.2013. In Taiwan Province of China, the judicial authorities restricted the use of the deathpenalty, ruling that the way that it was being implemented violated due process guarantees.The court held that the death penalty could be imposed only in the most serious ca [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/SG-report-English.pdf ) [32] => Array ( [objectID] => 28852 [title] => Concluding observations on the fourth periodic report of Bahrain [timestamp] => 1764806400 [date] => 04/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/concluding-observations-on-the-fourth-periodic-report-of-bahrain/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Committee against TortureConcluding observations on the fourth periodic report of Bahrain1.The Committee considered the fourth periodic report of Bahrain at its 2219th and 2222nd meetings, held on 18 and 19 November 2025, and adopted the present concluding observations at its 2231st and 2232nd meetings, held on 26 November 2025.A.Introduction2.The Committee expresses its appreciation to the State Party for accepting the simplified reporting procedure and submitting its periodic report thereunder, as this improves the cooperation between the State Party and the Committee and focuses the examination of the report and the dialogue with the delegation. 3.The Committee also expresses appreciation for having had the opportunity to engage in a constructive dialogue with the delegation of the State Party and for the responses provided to the questions and concerns raised during the consideration of the report. B.Positive aspects4.The Committee welcomes the State Party’s initiatives to revise and introduce legislation in areas of relevance to the Convention, including the adoption of:(a)Law No. 6 of 2024, amending the Reform and Rehabilitation Institution Law No. 18 of 2014, which provides for the transfer of health services in correctional and rehabilitation facilities to government hospitals, expands family visit time, and increases minimum daily sunlight exposure and physical activity time for inmates;(b)Decree-Law No. 24 of 2021 and amending Law No. 18 of 2017 on alternative sentences and measures, which extends the use of non-custodial sanctions to allow sentence substitution without the requirement to serve half of the sentence;(c)Law No. 4 of 2021 promulgating the restorative justice law for children and their protection from abuse, which raises the minimum age of criminal responsibility from 7 to 15 years old, excludes life imprisonment as a lawful sentence for offences committed by children, and establishes specialized juvenile courts and rehabilitation centres for children in conflict with the law;(d)Decree-Law No. 44 of 2018 on international crimes, which criminalizes acts related to genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, including torture.5.The Committee also welcomes the State Party’s initiatives to amend its policies and procedures in areas of relevance to the Convention and to ensure greater protection of human rights, including:(a)The establishment, in 2024, of the Committee for Oversight of the Alternative Sentencing and Open Prisons Programmes;(b)The reinstatement, in 2024, of the National Committee for Childhood, and the adoption, in 2023, of the National Strategy for Childhood (2023–2027); (c)The adoption, in 2023, of the National Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2023–2027);(d)The creation, in 2023, of the position of commissioner for the rights of the child within the National Institution for Human Rights of Bahrain; (e)The signing, in 2022, of a memorandum of understanding between the State Party and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), which enables this humanitarian organisation to conduct regular, independent visits to detention facilities and to provide human rights training for security and prison personnel;(f)The reinstatement, in 2022, of the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons, and the adoption of the National Strategy to Combat Trafficking in Persons in Bahrain (2024–2028);(g)The adoption, in 2022, of the National Human Rights Plan (2022–2026); (h)The creation, in 2021, of the Victims and Witnesses Protection Office within the Public Prosecutor’s Office;(i)The establishment, in 2018, of the Human Rights Committee at the Ministry of the Interior.C.Principal subjects of concern and recommendationsPending follow-up issues from the previous reporting cycle6.In its previous concluding observations, the Committee requested the State Party to provide information on the implementation of its recommendations on the moratorium on the death penalty, on regular visits by independent monitoring bodies, including international bodies, to places of detention, and on visits by the United Nations human rights mechanisms (paras. 13 (a), 23 (d) and 41, respectively). In the light of the information received from the State Party on follow-up to those concluding observations, on 11 May 2018, the information contained in the State Party’s fourth periodic report and the additional information provided by the delegation during the dialogue, and with reference to the letter dated 23 October 2018 from the Rapporteur for follow-up to concluding observations to the Permanent Representative of Bahrain to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva, the Committee is of the view that the recommendation contained in paragraph 23 (d) of the previous concluding observations has been partially implemented and that the recommendations set out in paragraphs 13 (a) and 41 have not been implemented. The recommendations contained in paragraphs 13 (a), 23 (d) and 41 of the previous concluding observations are addressed in paragraphs 26 and 38 of the present concluding observations.Legal status and domestic application of the Convention7.While noting that article 37 of the Constitution establishes that international treaties ratified by the State Party acquire the force of law upon publication in the Official Gazette, and that international treaties relating to citizens’ public or private rights shall require, for their entry into force, the enactment of a law, the Committee is concerned that certain provisions of the Convention have not been fully incorporated into its national legislation and regrets the lack of information on how potential conflicts between domestic laws and the Convention are resolved (art. 2).8.The State party should ensure that the provisions of the Convention are fully incorporated into its domestic legal order and that domestic laws are interpreted and applied in conformity with its obligations under the Convention. It should also provide judicial officials and lawyers with specific training on the Convention and on asserting the rights established in its provisions before the courts. Definition and criminalization of torture9.While noting that torture is explicitly prohibited under article 19 (3) of the Constitution, that the offence of torture is not subject to a statute of limitations, and that the definition of torture enshrined in articles 208 and 232 of the Criminal Code is broadly in line with the provisions of article 1 of the Convention, the Committee is concerned that acts of torture are criminalized only when they are committed against “a person who is in the custody or under the control” of the alleged perpetrator. It is also concerned that articles 208 and 232 of the Criminal Code do not provide for a minimum term of imprisonment for perpetrators of acts of torture that do not result in the death of the victim, which runs counter to the requirement set out in article 4 (2) of the Convention that torture should be made punishable by appropriate penalties that take into account its grave nature (arts. 1 and 4).10.The State party should amend articles 208 and 232 of the Criminal Code to remove the restrictive requirement that the victim be “in the custody or under the control” of the alleged perpetrator. It should also ensure that all acts of torture and illtreatment are punishable by appropriate penalties that take into account their grave nature, in accordance with article 4 (2) of the Convention. Absolute prohibition of torture and command responsibility 11.The Committee is concerned that there is no clear provision in the State Party’s legislation to ensure that the prohibition against torture is absolute and non-derogable, in accordance with article 2 (2) of the Convention, and that an order from a superior officer or a public authority may in no case be invoked as a justification of torture, in accordance with article 2 (3) of the Convention. It is also concerned that the principle of command or superior responsibility for acts of torture or ill-treatment committed by subordinates is not explicitly recognized in domestic law when such acts do not constitute crimes against humanity or war crimes (art. 2).12.The State Party should ensure that the principle of absolute prohibition of torture is incorporated into its legislation and that it is strictly applied, in accordance with article 2 (2) of the Convention, and that, in accordance with article 2 (3) of the Convention, an order from a superior officer or a public authority may in no case be invoked as a justification of torture. To this end, the State Party should establish mechanisms for the protection of subordinates who refuse to obey such orders and ensure that all law enforcement officers are informed of the prohibition against obeying unlawful orders and of the protective mechanisms in place. Furthermore, the State Party should establish the criminal responsibility of those exercising superior authority for acts of torture or ill-treatment committed by subordinates, even when such acts do not constitute crimes against humanity or war crimes, where they knew or should have known that such impermissible conduct was occurring, or was likely to occur, yet failed to take any reasonable and necessary preventive measures or to refer the case to the competent authorities for investigation and prosecution.Universal jurisdiction13.The Committee is concerned that, under Decree-Law No. 44 of 2018 on international crimes, the State Party’s capacity to exercise universal jurisdiction over acts of torture is limited to cases where such acts constitute crimes against humanity or war crimes. It also regrets the lack of information on how the State Party has exercised in practice its universal jurisdiction to prosecute alleged perpetrators of acts of torture amounting to crimes against humanity or war crimes who are present in its territory (arts. 5, 7 and [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025.11.28-UN-Committee-against-Torture-Bahrain-Concluding-Observations-CAT_C_BHR_CO_4_67682_E.docx ) [33] => Array ( [objectID] => 28844 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 60th session [timestamp] => 1764806400 [date] => 04/12/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-60th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/United-Nations-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council convened its 60th regular session from 8 September to 8 October 2025. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council convened its 60th regular session from 8 September to 8 October 2025. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 60th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [34] => Array ( [objectID] => 28831 [title] => Abolition Advocacy for Tunisia: 85th Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1764288000 [date] => 28/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-advocacy-for-tunisia-85th-session-of-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/ACHPR-85th-session-2-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Within the framework of the latest public session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), held in Banjul (The Gambia) in October 2025, the Tunisian Republic presented its first periodic report to the ACHPR since 2006. Tunisian abolitionist civil society had also submitted an alternative report and was present to put forward […] [texte] => Within the framework of the latest public session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), held in Banjul (The Gambia) in October 2025, the Tunisian Republic presented its first periodic report to the ACHPR since 2006. Tunisian abolitionist civil society had also submitted an alternative report and was present to put forward its recommendations regarding the issue of the death penalty. (more…) "Abolition Advocacy for Tunisia: 85th Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [35] => Array ( [objectID] => 28807 [title] => No longer invisible: UN shines light on reality of women on death row [timestamp] => 1764288000 [date] => 28/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/no-longer-invisible-un-shines-light-on-reality-of-women-on-death-row/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => It was an early opportunity to mark World Day Against the Death Penalty, which The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) and other members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) observe annually on 10 October. On 7 October 2025, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a resolution on the “question of […] [texte] => It was an early opportunity to mark World Day Against the Death Penalty, which The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) and other members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) observe annually on 10 October. On 7 October 2025, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a resolution on the "question of the death penalty" by 31 votes to 7, with 8 abstentions. (more…) "No longer invisible: UN shines light on reality of women on death row" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [36] => Array ( [objectID] => 28812 [title] => 85th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/85th-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/ACHPR-85th-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The public session of the ACHPR’s 85th Ordinary Session (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) was held in Banjul, The Gambia from 21 to 30 October 2025. [texte] => The public session of the ACHPR’s 85th Ordinary Session (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) was held in Banjul, The Gambia from 21 to 30 October 2025. (more…) "85th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [37] => Array ( [objectID] => 28803 [title] => The Death Penalty: Torture by Design [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-torture-by-design/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.omct.org/en/resources/blog/death-penalty-torture-by-design ) [38] => Array ( [objectID] => 28801 [title] => The Death Penalty in Pakistan 2025 [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-pakistan-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Statistics Report 2025, jointly published by the National Commission for Human Rights (NCHR) and Justice Project Pakistan (JPP), offers an updated national overview of Pakistan’s death row population and provides insights into developments that signal a gradual shift towards reform and human-rights based approach in the death penalty landscape. Drawing on verified data from all provinces as well as AJK and GB, it covers the period from 2024 to 2025. The report is part of a broader initiative to make death row data publicly accessible and to inform evidence-based policymaking on the use of the death penalty in Pakistan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.jpp.org.pk/the-death-penalty-in-pakistan-2025 ) [39] => Array ( [objectID] => 28799 [title] => Procedural Trauma, the Illusion of Closure and Myth of Consensus: Understanding Victim Experiences in Capital Punishment Cases [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/procedural-trauma-the-illusion-of-closure-and-myth-of-consensus-understanding-victim-experiences-in-capital-punishment-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report, by Dr Amelia Inglis, challenges the argument that the death penalty serves the needs of victims of crime and their families. Her research asks: How are victims and their families impacted by the death penalty? How and why might their views on capital punishment change over time? The author’s original empirical research finds that the death penalty can in fact retraumatise victims and suggests their perspectives on capital punishment are not universally shared or static. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge-resource/understanding-victim-experiences-in-capital-punishment-cases/ ) [40] => Array ( [objectID] => 28798 [title] => Between Retention and Abolition: Making Sense of a Death Penalty Without Executions [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/between-retention-and-abolition-making-sense-of-a-death-penalty-without-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report marks the 40th anniversary of the adoption of the ‘abolitionist de facto’ (ADF) category in the UN’s quinquennial reports on the death penalty. Today, 42 states fall under the category of ADF – countries where no executions have taken place for at least a decade, but where the death penalty remains in law. Though an absence of executions must be commended, many ADF states still impose death sentences and, ultimately, sustain the legal infrastructure of capital punishment, with all the risks and harms this entails. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge-resource/making-sense-of-a-death-penalty-without-executions/ ) [41] => Array ( [objectID] => 28796 [title] => Fatal Flaws: Innocence, Race, and Wrongful Convictions [timestamp] => 1764201600 [date] => 27/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fatal-flaws-innocence-race-and-wrongful-convictions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report shows that wrongful death-penalty convictions in the United States are often the result of systemic racism, human error and official misconduct — including false testimony, unreliable forensics, and biased jury selection — disproportionately affecting Black and other marginalized defendants. [texte] => ACLU 1FATAL FLAWSInnocence, Race,and Wrongful ConvictionsNovember 20252 Fatal Flaws: Innocence, Race, and Wrongful ConvictionsContentsBACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................... .......... 3Race and Wrongful Conviction.............................................................................................. 3RACE AND THE EARLY DEATH PENALTY.................................................................. 5DRIVERS OF WRONGFUL CONVICTION...................................................................... 6Factor 1: Misconduct by Police and Prosecutors...................................................... 6Factor 2: False Testimony and Perjury ............................................................................. 8Factor 3: Eyewitness Misidentification........................................................................... 8Factor 4: Reliance on Junk Science................................................................................. 1 0Factor 5: Non-Diverse Juries..................................................................................................1 1EXECUTION OF THE INNOCENT........................................................................................1 4The Execution of Leo Jones ...................................................................................................1 4The Execution of Carlos DeLuna........................................................................................1 5The Execution of Marcellus Williams .............................................................................1 5CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS...................................... 1 7State Legislative Actions ......................................................................................................... 1 7Executive Actions and Federal Actions.........................................................................1 8Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................1 9ACLU 3In a criminal legal system created andadministered by humans with enormous powerand discretion — including police, prosecutors,and judges — the risk of error and arbitrarinessis inherent and inescapable. This is true evenin the administration of the death penalty,where the stakes are a matter of life or death.Since the modern period of the death penaltybegan in 1973, at least 200 innocent peoplehave been exonerated from death rows acrossAmerica.1 These are hundreds of people that haveexperienced the terror of wrongful arrest, wrongfulconviction, condemnation by their communities,and years trapped on death row, living underthe grim shadow of execution even thoughthey are innocent. Despite this harsh reality, 27states and the federal government still retain thedeath penalty, disregarding evidence about thesentencing and execution of innocent people.Imposing the death penalty requires a host of stepsand decisions, from investigating a homicide,to charging, trying, sentencing, and eventuallyscheduling an execution. Whether these decisionsare made in good faith or bad faith, they are allmade by fallible humans, which means they arevulnerable to error and bias at best and malice andovert animus at worst. Because of this, any capitalpunishment system necessarily risks sentencinginnocent people to death. In America, this risk isnot only a defining feature of the modern deathpenalty, but it also results in the disproportionateconviction and execution of innocent Black people.According to a 2022 report by the NationalRegistry of Exonerations (NRE), Black peopleare over seven times more likely to be wrongfullyconvicted of serious crimes compared to whitepeople.2 And while it is impossible to say howmany innocent Black people have been capitallytried and sentenced to death, over half of thepeople exonerated from death row — 108 — havebeen Black.3The race of victims also affects who gets wrongfullysentenced to death in this country. Murder caseswith white victims have a disproportionatelyhigher risk of wrongful conviction.4 Conversely,though Black people represent over 50% of murdervictims in the United States, their cases account foronly a small percentage of executions.5Even when factual innocence seems manifestlyapparent, true exonerations remain hard to comeby for many Black men, and especially thosewrongfully convicted of killing white victims. Take,for instance, the case of American Civil LibertiesUnion (ACLU) client Levon “Bo” Jones, a BlackBACKGROUNDBLACKNON-BLACKFIGURE 1Exonerations From Death Row by Race108 92Source: Death Penalty Info Center4 Fatal Flaws: Innocence, Race, and Wrongful Convictionsman wrongfully convicted and sentenced to deathfor the 1987 murder of a white man.6 Even afterthe key witness against him admitted in 2007 thatmuch of her testimony was “simply not true” andthe prosecutor therefore dismissed all chargesagainst Mr. Jones, that same prosecutor maintainedthat Mr. Jones “received a fair trial.”7 To this date,Mr. Jones still has not received an official Pardon ofInnocence or a dime of compensation.8And after a true exoneration is given, race stillcontinues to play a role in when that exonerationcomes about. A recent report by the Death PenaltyInformation Center found that it takes Black deathrow exonerees over four years longer on average to becleared than their white counterparts.9ACLU 5Race and wrongful accusations have beenintertwined throughout the history oflynchings and executions. During the1800s, race affected issues like whether an actwas considered a crime, the degree of certaintyrequired for a determination of guilt, and thetolerance of wrongful death. For instance, earlyslave code laws made the attempted rape of a whitewoman a capital offense for Black defendants, butnot white men.10 “Black Laws,” adopted in the wakeof the civil war, prohibited Black citizens fromtestifying in criminal court cases, unmistakablyprioritizing white supremacy over fact-finding. 11The death penalty grew out of this country’sbrutal practice of lynching, with the formergradually replacing the latter in the early 1900s.12In the years and decades following the Civil War,lynchings against Black Americans skyrocketed,particularly in the South. Early death penalty trialsechoed characteristics of lynchings. Most prevalentamong these was the race of those killed: Around72% of lynching victims in the United States wereBlack,13 a number that closely resembles the 75% ofexecutions that were of Black people in the Southbetween the years 1910 and 1950.14Lynching was commonly justified as a defensiveact to protect white women from sexual assault byBlack men.15 This justification rang hollow, in largepart because it is now commonly understood —and was even at the time — that an overwhelmingnumber of these accusations were fabricated.16Nevertheless, a person could be lynched basedon the word of a single white person,17 a truth thatpersisted as white lynch mobs turned into theoften all-white juries of death penalty trials.The strong relation between lynching and thedeath penalty influenced the very structure ofearly capital trials. Many early death penaltytrials happened so quickly that a number ofdisproportionately Black men arrested oftenreceived a “trial” in name only.18 Defendants werecommonly pulled from their own communitiesand pushed into courtrooms where the judge,witnesses, prosecutor, and defense attorney wereall white. They were often subject to rampantmisconduct by the police, prosecutor, or both.19This misconduct would typically go unchallengedby defense attorneys who provided less thanfulsome representation and would often culminatein a guilty verdict by an all-white jury.These experiences — of misconduct, perjury,mistaken witnesses, and non-diverse juries — didn’tjust lead to many convictions in the past; theycontinue to contribute to wrongful convictions tothis day.RACE AND THE EARLYDEATH PENALTYFIGURE 2Executions and Lynchings by RaceSource: NAACP & Equal Justice USABlackOthersLynchings Executions72% 75%1882 to 1968 1910 to 19506 Fatal Flaws: Innocence, Race, and Wrongful ConvictionsMany of the patterns that emerged in theearly death penalty cases have continuedleading to factual, legal, and moralerrors that produce wrongful convictions. Thesefactors, along with others that have since emerged,influence the cases of people of all races, butcontinue to disproportionately affectBlack defendants.These patterns include, but are not limitedto, official misconduct by police officers and/or prosecutors, perjury and false testimony,eyewitness misidentification, unreliable experttestimony, and non-diverse juries. While eachdescription of the factors in this report isaccompanied by a case example, the unfortunatetruth is that countless examples of cases infectedwith these issues exist.Factor 1: Misconduct byPolice and ProsecutorsOfficial misconduct by police and prosecutorsis the leading cause of wrongful death penaltyconvictions and has overwhelmingly contributedto the wrongful convictions of Black people.20Examples of official misconduct by police includeactions like influencing witnesses or falsifyingreports. For prosecutors, official misconduct rangesfrom things like knowingly condoning perjury tofailure to disclose “exculpatory” information thatwould support a person’s claim of innocence.In an analysis of 185 death penalty exonerationsfrom 1973-2017, the Death Penalty InformationCenter (DPI) found that official misconductfactored in 69% of exonerations, and thatmisconduct was more likely in cases where a Blackperson was accused and convicted.21 Anotherstudy of documented capital murder exonerationsby the NRE from 1989-2022 found that officialmisconduct by police and/or prosecutors played arole in 85% of death row exonerations involving aninnocent Black person, compared to 70% of casesinvolving white exoner [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://assets.aclu.org/live/uploads/2025/11/2025.11.10-Fatal-Flaws-Innocence-Race-and-Wrongful-Convictions-FINAL.pdf ) [42] => Array ( [objectID] => 28785 [title] => Forgotten Service, Lasting Wounds: Military Veterans and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1763596800 [date] => 20/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/forgotten-service-lasting-wounds-military-veterans-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “Forgotten Service, Lasting Wounds” shows how many U.S. military veterans who end up on death row carry serious, untreated service-related trauma—such as PTSD or brain injuries—that is rarely presented to juries during sentencing.The report highlights a clear “battlefield-to-prison” pipeline and argues that veterans’ backgrounds and mental health histories must be meaningfully considered in capital cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://cdn.craft.cloud/c08a8cf8-1de1-4da0-8525-321ca2c16992/assets/images/ForgottenServiceLastingWounds.pdf ) [43] => Array ( [objectID] => 28780 [title] => Sunny Scholarship Travel Fund: Giving a voice to formerly incarcerated women [timestamp] => 1763596800 [date] => 20/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sunny-scholarship-travel-fund-giving-a-voice-to-formerly-incarcerated-women/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/sonia-sunny-jacob-500x250.jpg [extrait] => “Everyone faces challenges in life, and you can either spend the rest of your life looking back, or you can make the decision to keep moving forward.” Sunny Jacobs (1947–2025) Facing gender-based discrimination : the importance of testimony Like Sunny, a tireless abolitionist activist who tragically passed away on 3 June 2025, the voices of […] [texte] => "Everyone faces challenges in life, and you can either spend the rest of your life looking back, or you can make the decision to keep moving forward." Sunny Jacobs (1947–2025)Facing gender-based discrimination : the importance of testimony Like Sunny, a tireless abolitionist activist who tragically passed away on 3 June 2025, the voices of formerly incarcerated women, including those who have been on death row, are essential to guiding the abolitionist struggle and driving prison reform. Their experiences give them unique expertise on the challenges they have faced and the discrimination they have suffered, making them the best placed to advocate in an informed and effective manner.A fund for the visibility of the women concernedExposed to intersectional discrimination and often from the most disadvantaged backgrounds, these women are particularly marginalised once incarcerated and face multiple challenges during their reintegration. The lack of financial resources - for food, housing, training, finding decent employment or travelling - is a major obstacle. This precariousness also limits their access to international summits and forums, where their experience and expertise would be particularly valuable in informing discussions and decision-making.That is why, in order to ensure that these women's voices are heard, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) welcomes the creation of the Sunny Scholarship Travel Fund, established in memory of Sonia, "Sunny Jacobs. Supported by the Women Beyond Walls (WBW) association, the fund will be managed directly by the International Network of Formerly Incarcerated Women (INFIW), which brings together hundreds of formerly incarcerated women in more than 30 countries on 6 continents. INFIW was founded and is led and composed of formerly incarcerated women. This scholarship is intended to provide financial assistance to formerly incarcerated women who are INFIW members and wish to speak at international conferences or in advocacy forums. INFIW is developing an application process that will be approved by the network membership in its December 2025 global virtual convening. Decisions for allocating funds will be made by the INFIW advisory committee (it’s governing board) in a transparent process, with full participation of those soliciting support. Grants will be given with en eye towards ensuring geographic diversity. Updates on the Sunny Travel Fund will be provided on the GoFundMe page and on the INFIW website. This fund is part of the World Coalition's commitment to promoting the active participation of those directly affected by the death penalty in advocacy efforts. More specifically, it is aligned with the objectives of the "Gender and the Death Penalty" project, which aims to highlight the voices of women facing the death penalty.To learn more about this fund and to contribute [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [44] => Array ( [objectID] => 28767 [title] => Solidarity petition in favor of the abolition of the death penalty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo [timestamp] => 1762473600 [date] => 07/11/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/solidarity-petition-in-favor-of-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-500x251.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2025 World Day Against the Death Penalty, the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty, together with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and several international organizations, addressed a petition to the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [texte] => On the occasion of the 2025 World Day Against the Death Penalty, the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty, together with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and several international organizations, addressed a petition to the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (more…) "Solidarity petition in favor of the abolition of the death penalty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [45] => Array ( [objectID] => 28752 [title] => Death Penalty and Security: Insights from the 2025 Panel Discussion [timestamp] => 1761782400 [date] => 30/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-and-security-insights-from-the-2025-panel-discussion/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Death-Penalty-and-Security-pannel-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On October 9, 2025, a panel of international experts convened to challenge the misconception that the death penalty can make people and communities safer. Moderated by Atty. Francis Tom Temprosa, Regional Director of the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), the discussion brought together diverse perspectives from law, human rights, and lived experience. [texte] => On October 9, 2025, a panel of international experts convened to challenge the misconception that the death penalty can make people and communities safer. Moderated by Atty. Francis Tom Temprosa, Regional Director of the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), the discussion brought together diverse perspectives from law, human rights, and lived experience. (more…) "Death Penalty and Security: Insights from the 2025 Panel Discussion" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Innocence [2] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [46] => Array ( [objectID] => 28691 [title] => World Coalition held 2025 General Assembly in Manila [timestamp] => 1761264000 [date] => 24/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-held-2025-general-assembly-in-manila/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CollageAG2025-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty co-organized with ADPAN its General Assembly in Manila, the Philippines and online on 6-7 June 2025. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty co-organized with ADPAN its General Assembly in Manila, the Philippines and online on 6-7 June 2025. (more…) "World Coalition held 2025 General Assembly in Manila" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [47] => Array ( [objectID] => 28698 [title] => Best Practices in Defending Women and Gender Minorities [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/best-practices-in-defending-women-and-gender-minorities/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The document offers guidance for legal defenders on how to approach cases involving women and gender minorities, with an emphasis on gender-sensitive practice.It covers methods for integrating intersectional analysis (race, class, gender identity, etc.) into legal strategy, ethical considerations in representation, trauma-aware interviewing, narrative construction, and team building. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => https://dpw.lawschool.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Best-Practices-in-Defending-Women-and-Gender-Minorities.pdf ) [48] => Array ( [objectID] => 28741 [title] => Enduring injustice – A review of the death penalty in Asia (2020-2025) [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/enduring-injustice-a-review-of-the-death-penalty-in-asia-2020-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report reviews death penalty developments in 20 retentionist Asian countries between 2020 and mid-2025. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/fidh-report-847a-death-penalty-asia-ok-web.pdf ) [49] => Array ( [objectID] => 28723 [title] => World Coalition Statutory Auditor’s Report 2024 [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-coalition-statutory-auditors-report-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/4a.DBA_Rapport-CAC-2024_FR.pdf ) [50] => Array ( [objectID] => 28706 [title] => World Coalition Activity Report 2024 [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-coalition-activity-report-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/3.EN-WCADP_2024ActivityReport_v2.0.pdf ) [51] => Array ( [objectID] => 28705 [title] => International Abolitionist Advocacy: The Rise of Global Networks to Advance Human Rights and the Promise of the Worldwide Campaign to Abolish Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-abolitionist-advocacy-the-rise-of-global-networks-to-advance-human-rights-and-the-promise-of-the-worldwide-campaign-to-abolish-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The document traces how global abolitionist networks for the death penalty have grown and become more influential over recent decades. It discusses key strategies by states and NGOs pushing for a worldwide moratorium on executions and for complete abolition, highlighting how formerly retentionist regimes are increasingly isolated. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/6.-John-Bessler_v34n2_1-119.pdf ) [52] => Array ( [objectID] => 28704 [title] => Look Inside The Slow Death of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/look-inside-the-slow-death-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://nyupress.org/9781479819645/the-slow-death-of-the-death-penalty/ ) [53] => Array ( [objectID] => 28699 [title] => Working together with religious and traditional leaders: A tool for joint action towards abolition [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/working-together-with-religious-and-traditional-leaders-a-tool-for-joint-action-towards-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The document is a guide aimed at those in the abolitionist movement who want to mobilize religious and customary leaders for the cause of abolishing the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://fiacat.org/attachments/article/3307/FIACAT_Leaders%20religieux_EN_web.pdf ) [54] => Array ( [objectID] => 28696 [title] => The Meaning and Challenges of an Interdisciplinary Sentencing Exercise: Reflections from a Death Penalty Mitigation Practice [timestamp] => 1760659200 [date] => 17/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-meaning-and-challenges-of-an-interdisciplinary-sentencing-exercise-reflections-from-a-death-penalty-mitigation-practice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The article “The Meaning and Challenges of an Interdisciplinary Sentencing Exercise: Reflections from a Death Penalty Mitigation Practice” published in Socio-Legal Review examines how India’s death penalty framework requires a socio-legal or interdisciplinary approach that combines law with social sciences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://repository.nls.ac.in/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1564&context=slr ) [55] => Array ( [objectID] => 28595 [title] => WOMEN AID AND CRIMNAL JUSTICE (WACJ) [timestamp] => 1759968000 [date] => 09/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/women-aid-and-crimnal-justice-wacj/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/WACJ-LOGO-2.jpg [extrait] => Organization objectives: (a) Enhance skills and knowledge in criminal justice pertaining to women, children, and girls to safeguard their rights and enhance their livelihoods. WACJ focuses on equipping individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge in criminal justice to ensure the protection of rights and the improvement of life conditions for women, children, and girls. […] [texte] => Organization objectives: (a) Enhance skills and knowledge in criminal justice pertaining to women, children, and girls to safeguard their rights and enhance their livelihoods.WACJ focuses on equipping individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge in criminal justice to ensure the protection of rights and the improvement of life conditions for women, children, and girls.(b) Advocate for criminal and social justice for women and girls.WACJ seeks to actively campaign for fair treatment and justice in the legal system for women and girls, addressing issues like gender-based violence and social discrimination.(c) Promote criminal and human rights justice for women, children, and girls.WACJ aims to foster an environment where criminal justice systems uphold and protect the human rights of women, children, and girls, ensuring justice is accessible to all.(d) Extend and improve legal aid provision and assistance to indigent individuals and prisoners.WACJ strives to provide legal aid to those who cannot afford it, focusing on vulnerable groups, including prisoners, to ensure they receive fair representation in the legal system.(e) Strengthen capacity building on legal literacy for women, girls, and children in society through seminars, workshops, and conferences to empower them with knowledge of their rights and the legal system.This objective emphasizes empowering women, girls, and children by improving their understanding of legal rights and the justice system through educational events like seminars and workshops.Organization Mission: WACJ is dedicated to promoting, advocating for, and safeguarding justice for women and girls within the criminal justice system. The organization works through strategic litigation, skill-building, networking, and capacity development to address injustices faced by women and girls. WACJ aims to reduce crime rates and ease the burden on police stations and prisons by ensuring fair treatment and providing support to marginalized individuals. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [56] => Array ( [objectID] => 28596 [title] => Women and Harm Reduction International Network [timestamp] => 1759968000 [date] => 09/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/women-and-harm-reduction-international-network/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/WHRIN-New-Logo-HR-500x500.png [extrait] => The goal of WHRIN is to improve the availability, quality, relevance and accessibility of health, social and legal services for women, trans and gender diverse people who use drugs. The vision of WHRIN is that all self-identified women who use drugs have unfettered access to available, quality, relevant health, social and legal services in a […] [texte] => The goal of WHRIN is to improve the availability, quality, relevance and accessibility of health, social and legal services for women, trans and gender diverse people who use drugs.The vision of WHRIN is that all self-identified women who use drugs have unfettered access to available, quality, relevant health, social and legal services in a context of upholding human rights free from stigma, discrimination and criminalisation.WHRIN's work addresses a critical gap: the lack of harm reduction services for women worldwide. WHRIN occupies a unique position in the harm reduction world. Led by women and gender doverse people with a history of drug use, it is a highly inclusive network that proactively incorporates and engages a broad range of stakeholders. WHRIN seeks to build linkages among women, trans and gender doverse people who use drugs, non-government organisations and international non-government organisations, feminist organisations, service providers, national governments, relevant UN organisations and development partners – in order to effectively achieve the mission of expanding availability and accessibility of gender-responsive harm reduction services.WHRIN is guided by the following set of values:Ø Harm Reduction PrinciplesØ Meaningful involvementØ Intersectional FeminismØ Inclusivity - of all identifying as women, and of the full range of stakeholders who work with WUDØ Anti-prohibition and anti-criminalisationØ Innovation and ResponsivenessØ Accountability - including by identifying and reporting on harmful drug policies and human rights violations, and on gender biases that impact women, trans and gender diverse people who use drugs, including gender-based violenceØ Partnerships [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [57] => Array ( [objectID] => 28581 [title] => Odhikar [timestamp] => 1759449600 [date] => 03/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/odhikar/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Odhikar-logo.jpg [extrait] => Odhikar is a human rights activist organization that documents, monitors and campaigns against violations of civil and political rights in Bangladesh. Its main focus is on the issues of torture, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances and the death penalty. It is based in Bangladesh and also has ECOSOC status and is a menber of several international […] [texte] => Odhikar is a human rights activist organization that documents, monitors and campaigns against violations of civil and political rights in Bangladesh. Its main focus is on the issues of torture, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances and the death penalty. It is based in Bangladesh and also has ECOSOC status and is a menber of several international human rights networks, such as OMCT, FIDH, ADPAN and, most recently, the WCAP. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [58] => Array ( [objectID] => 28563 [title] => Factsheet For Parliamentarians [timestamp] => 1759449600 [date] => 03/10/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-parliamentarians-3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => THE DEATH PENALTY PROTECTS NO ONE.Factsheet For Parliamentariansin honor of World Day Against the Death PenaltyBACKGROUNDDecades of studies have demonstrated there is no relation betweenthe severity of criminal penalties and the reduction of violence.Yet, the acceleration of security concerns within our societies has led to a resurgence of publicdiscourse calling for the reinforcement or even the reintroduction of the death penalty. Thesenarratives often rest on the misconception that capital punishment deters crimes. In reality, thedeath penalty is not a tool for protection, but rather an ineffective form of punishment,amounting to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, that risks miscarriagesof justice and disproportionately targets the most vulnerable communities.World Day Against the Death Penalty 2024/2025, celebrated annually on 10 October,underscores the truth that “the death penalty protects no one,” and reinforces whyparliamentarians worldwide — whether fromabolitionist or retentionist countries — have acrucial responsibility to advocate for approachesto justice that truly safeguard individuals.Security, justice, and the death penalty— a false dilemmaSecurity is understood not only as national securitybut also as human security; it encompasses theprotection of individuals from threats and violationsof their fundamental rights and freedoms. Ensuringsecurity is a primary duty of governments, and itrequires justice systems that are fair, accessible,effective, and tailored to local needs and realities.When security and justice sectors are mismanaged,insecurity often rises because the root-causes ofviolence remain unaddressed and accountability islacking.Too often, when societies are confronted with developments portrayed as security threats, punitivemeasures are advanced as if they were genuine solutions to insecurity. In such contexts, public debatefrequently fuels calls to strengthen or even reinstate the death penalty, exploiting citizens’ fears anderoding trust in judicial systems. Yet the death penalty is never the answer. Far from delivering justice, itperpetuates the cycle of violence. Punitive responses fail to address the root causes of crime, such associoeconomic inequality and discrimination. Resorting to the death penalty only deepens socialdivisions, entrenches unfairness, and replaces justice with vengeance.Security measures must always be aligned with international human rights law. While international lawencourages abolition and restricts the use of the death penalty only to the “most serious crimes”1,overwhelming evidence shows that its use — by its very nature, methods of implementation, andsurrounding circumstances — amounts to torture or cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment. Far frommaking societies safer, capital punishment undermines human rights and the dignity of individuals.For this reason, parliamentarians should promote discourse and policies that prioritize crimeprevention, tackle inequalities, ensure social cohesion, and implement restorative forms of justice thatput victims and communities at the center of the process.How security is used as a political toolAcross the world, security arguments have been used to insidiously justify the retention orreintroduction of the death penalty. The following examples illustrate sectors in which capitalpunishment is being used as a political tool, failing to respond to security threats:Ø Counterterrorism: In 2014, following the tragic terrorist attack on schoolchildren inPeshawar, Pakistan, the country ended a seven-year moratorium on executions in the name offighting against terrorism. Yet, data analyzed by Justice Project Pakistan shows that thelegislation failed to deter crimes and was misused by law enforcement to underminefundamental rights “during arrest, investigation and trial of non-terrorism suspects.”Ø Armed conflicts: In countries affected by conflict, such as the Democratic Republic of theCongo or Burkina Faso, authorities have threatened to resume executions to “restore peace.”Conflict situations not only cause insecurity and extreme suffering to civilian populations, theymay also lead to other atrocities, namely genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and thecrime of aggression. Even when addressing such serious crimes, international tribunals do notresort to the death penalty, because they are aligned with international human rights standards.Introducing or resuming executions will not reduce crimes. Rather, it risks aggravating impunitybecause of the irreversible nature of the death penalty. Sustainable peace can only be achievedthrough due accountability that upholds the right to justice, to truth, and the right to an effectiveremedy and reparation.1 The “most serious crimes” is defined in international law as “intentional crimes with lethal or other extremely graveconsequences.”Ø Political repression: Some regimes use the death penalty as a large-scale tool ofrepression with the aim of annihilating political opposition and controlling the population. Civilsociety organizations have documented the use of capital punishment against politicalopponents, human rights defenders and protesters in countries such as Belarus, Iran, or theKingdom of Saudi Arabia, among others. It is also known to be used as a political repression toolin China and North Korea, but state secrecy prevents full documentation.Ø Populist “tough on crime” discourse: In the United States of America, the Presidentsigned an Executive Order titled “Restoring the Death Penalty and Protecting Public Safety,” thusreversing the moratorium on federal executions introduced by the previous administration. Thisorder directs the U.S. Attorney General to seek the death penalty in all applicable cases andencourages state prosecutors to pursue capital charges, particularly for crimes involving themurder of a law enforcement officer or for capital crimes that would have been committed byindividuals with irregular immigration status. This order also calls for challenging Supreme Courtprecedents limiting the application of capital punishments. Such measure falsely suggest thatthe death penalty increases safety, when it serves as symbolic gesture at the expense of justiceand human rights.Ø Drug related crimes: Despite international law restricting the death penalty to “the mostserious crimes,” 34 countries still retain it for drug-related crimes. In 2024, Harm ReductionInternational monitored that over 615 individuals were executed for such offences — the highestnumber since 2015 — with executions carried out in Iran, Singapore, the Kingdom of SaudiArabia, and China. These measures not only violate international law, but they alsodisproportionately discriminate against ethnic minorities and exacerbate gender or socio-economic inequalities, while failing to reduce drug-related crimes.Even in countries that have abolished the death penalty, insecurity threats or fear of violence can fuelcalls for reintroducing the use of the death penalty. Parliamentarians have a key responsibility to informthe public, promote debate, and counter these narratives by exposing how security is instrumentalizedto justify executions. Some of the arguments they can use against the death penalty are:F It does not deter crimes. What matters in crime prevention is the existence of a sanction, notthe severity of the punishment.F It has a discriminatory impact. It disproportionately affects the most vulnerable populations,including already marginalized groups, exacerbating inequalities.F It amounts to a miscarriage of justice. Wrongful convictions are inevitable even when dueprocess and all judicial safeguards are duly implemented and respected, and the death penaltymakes justice irreversible.F It perpetuates cycles of violence. It denies any possibility of rehabilitation or reintegration.THE ROLE OF PARLIAMENTARIANSThe leadership of parliamentarians has been instrumental in the global movement towards universalabolition. In many countries, abolition was achieved thanks to strong political will and advocacy bylegislators.Parliamentarians are at the heart of democratic systems. They uphold the rule of law, shape nationallegislation and contribute to decision-making at national, regional, and global levels. They also play acentral role in the ratification process of international tools that strengthen the abolitionist framework,such as the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.By speaking out publicly, parliamentarians can frame the narrative. Calling for transparency on the useof the death penalty and sharing reliable information helps raise awareness among constituents andprevent the spread of misinformation. This responsibility does not end once a country abolishes thedeath penalty. Even in abolitionist states, insecurity narratives can resurface during crises and fueldangerous calls for reintroduction. Parliamentarians must remain vigilant, ensuring that public opinionis guided by facts rather than fear.In retentionist countries, legislators are essential to progress. By reminding citizens that the deathpenalty has no deterrent effects, they can make the case for alternatives that strengthen both justice andsecurity. When paired with reforms that place victims and survivors at the center and emphasizerestorative and reparative justice, abolition can address the root causes of violence, rebuild trust ininstitutions, and uphold the rule of law. In countries that are abolitionist in practice, legislators can playa crucial role in ensuring that the next step is taken and that abolition is enshrined in law.By leading legislative reforms, parliamentarians can demonstrate that abolition paves the way for justicethat protects both human rights and safety.“Even in the most difficult contexts of insecurity and conflict,we have chosen the path of abolition – proof that strong politicalwill can pave the way for positive change. We know th [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/EN-Factsheet-Security-and-the-DP-for-MPs_final-version-with-quotes_designed.pdf ) [59] => Array ( [objectID] => 28546 [title] => The Square Circle Clinic, NALSAR University of Law [timestamp] => 1759104000 [date] => 29/09/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-square-circle-clinic-nalsar-university-of-law/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/The-Square-Circle-Clinic-logo-500x280.jpg [extrait] => The Square Circle Clinic (formerly Project 39A) is a criminal justice initiative of NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad. The Clinic provides legal representation to prisoners sentenced to death in India before the Supreme Court of India and various High Courts. The Clinic also provides legal representation to undertrial prisoners. Additionally, The Clinic undertakes research on […] [texte] => The Square Circle Clinic (formerly Project 39A) is a criminal justice initiative of NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad. The Clinic provides legal representation to prisoners sentenced to death in India before the Supreme Court of India and various High Courts. The Clinic also provides legal representation to undertrial prisoners. Additionally, The Clinic undertakes research on mental health and criminal justice, forensics, prevention of torture, legal aid, criminalisation and punishment, and the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [60] => Array ( [objectID] => 28506 [title] => One Year of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition [timestamp] => 1756944000 [date] => 04/09/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/one-year-of-the-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/One-Year-of-the-Global-Consortium-for-Death-Penalty-Abolition-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Launched in April 2024, the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition completed its first year of activity in March 2025. Bringing together 25 civil society organizations from around the world and funded by the European Union (EU), the Consortium aims at advancing abolition through coordinated advocacy at national, regional, and international levels. [texte] => Launched in April 2024, the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition completed its first year of activity in March 2025. Bringing together 25 civil society organizations from around the world and funded by the European Union (EU), the Consortium aims at advancing abolition through coordinated advocacy at national, regional, and international levels. (more…) "One Year of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [61] => Array ( [objectID] => 28491 [title] => Strengthening the Abolitionist Movement: Over 40 Civil Society Organisations Supported Through FSTP Calls for Proposals [timestamp] => 1754524800 [date] => 07/08/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/strengthening-the-abolitionist-movement-over-40-civil-society-organisations-supported-through-fstp-calls-for-proposals/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => As part of its mission to expand and strengthen the global abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, its Gender program and the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition partners launched two rounds of Financial Support to Third Parties (FSTP) calls for proposals. The FSTP calls aim to support civil society organisations (CSOs) […] [texte] => As part of its mission to expand and strengthen the global abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, its Gender program and the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition partners launched two rounds of Financial Support to Third Parties (FSTP) calls for proposals. The FSTP calls aim to support civil society organisations (CSOs) engaged in activities promoting the abolition of the death penalty, particularly in regions where capital punishment remains in force and is seldom publicly debated. FSTP’s are managed by Consortium members and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. These FSTP calls were made possible thanks to the financial support of:The Agence Française de Développement (AFD) – through the Gender Project,The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Canada – also through the Gender Project,The European Union – through the Financial Framework Partnership Agreement (FFPA) with the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition” A High Level of Interest for the First Call for ProposalsThe first FSTP Open Call, launched in October 2024, received significant interest, with 105 applications submitted, of which 73 were deemed eligible and unique. Most of these came from Africa South and East Asia, and the MENA region. Following a first screening by the Consortium members responsible for FSTP management, 35 applications were reviewed by an Independent Advisory Panel, except for three confidential applications that were exempted for security reasons.The Independent Advisory Panel was composed of experts bringing diverse regional, thematic and technical perspectives to the selection process:Christian Gonzalez Chacon (Guatemala/Greater Caribbean) – Legal and academic expert on international human rights law and the death penalty (first FSTP Open Call only)Georges Azzi (Lebanon/MENA) – Advocate for sexual and gender health and rights, with experience in managing US government and EU-funded projects (first FSTP Open Call only)Hellen Mwasaha (Kenya/Africa) – Specialist in grants management, project management, finance, accounting, and procurement (second FSTP Open Call only)Morris Lipson (USA/UK) – Expert in grantee evaluation and strategic grant-makingTala Dowlatshahi (Iran/MENA) – Advocate for decolonising aid and development systems and promoting inclusive global well-beingThe Independent Advisory Panel members were selected following a call for expressions of interest in 2023.Ultimately, 30 applications were selected, with one additional application pending due diligence, awarded for a total of €386 050 granted. Several selected projects remain confidential in order to protect grantees operating in sensitive contexts.A Second Call for More Targeted SupportThe second FSTP Open Call, launched in April 2025, gathered 40 applications from 39 unique applicants, again with strong representation from Africa, South and East Asia, and MENA. Out of these, 16 were pre-selected by relevant Consortium members and reviewed by the independent advisory panel. Twelve organisations were selected out of 14 grants available for a total of €80,000 out of the €85,000 available.Direct Support to Local Abolitionist ActorsTogether, the two FSTP calls enabled the funding of more than 40 abolitionist initiatives, led mainly by local civil society organisations—many of which had limited access to financial support in the past. These projects will support a wide range of activities, including advocacy, public awareness, support to families and death row survivors, as well as research and communication adapted to local contexts.A strong emphasis was placed on inclusiveness, with many selected initiatives integrating gender perspectives, support for marginalised groups, and the reduction of systemic inequalities.Global-list-of-FSTP-2024-2026-wo-ADPANDownload the list of selected organisations [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [62] => Array ( [objectID] => 28469 [title] => Calling for Martin Mavenjina’s Safe and Unconditional Return to Kenya [timestamp] => 1752192000 [date] => 11/07/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-for-martin-mavenjinas-safe-and-unconditional-return-to-kenya/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) has been informed that Martin Mavenjina was unjustifiably forced to leave Kenya on 5 July 2025. Mr. Mavenjina had just been elected as a Vice-President of the World Coalition on 1 July, with a two-year mandate. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) has been informed that Martin Mavenjina was unjustifiably forced to leave Kenya on 5 July 2025. Mr. Mavenjina had just been elected as a Vice-President of the World Coalition on 1 July, with a two-year mandate. (more…) "Calling for Martin Mavenjina’s Safe and Unconditional Return to Kenya" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [63] => Array ( [objectID] => 28454 [title] => CENTER FOR LEGAL SUPPORT AND INMATE REHABILITATION (CELSIR) [timestamp] => 1752105600 [date] => 10/07/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/center-for-legal-support-and-inmate-rehabilitation-celsir/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/CELSIR-logo-500x343.jpg [extrait] => The Center for Legal Support and Inmate Rehabilitation (CELSIR) is a non-profit social enterprise registered in Kenya as a Company Limited by Guarantee. We provide free legal aid and social support to indigent persons, especially those in conflict with the law, with a focus on access to justice, prison reform, and human rights advocacy. CELSIR […] [texte] => The Center for Legal Support and Inmate Rehabilitation (CELSIR) is a non-profit social enterprise registered in Kenya as a Company Limited by Guarantee. We provide free legal aid and social support to indigent persons, especially those in conflict with the law, with a focus on access to justice, prison reform, and human rights advocacy.CELSIR actively engages in strategic litigation, including death penalty cases, and supports resentencing applications following Kenya’s Muruatetu decision. We also offer legal empowerment programs, policy advocacy, and reintegration support for formerly incarcerated individuals to reduce recidivism and promote safer communities.Since 2021, CELSIR has consistently observed the World Day Against the Death Penalty through public awareness campaigns, legal forums, community dialogues, and media outreach to amplify voices against capital punishment.In December 2023, CELSIRE conducted a Capital Defenders Training for legal practitioners, equipping them with the skills and strategies necessary to effectively defend individuals facing the death penalty. We have also participated in panel discussions on the effects of the death penalty on women, highlighting its gendered impact and advocating for gender-sensitive approaches to justice reform.In 2024, we partnered with the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide to file an amicus curiae petition before the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, urging the Court to declare the death penalty a violation of human rights under the African Charter.Our work is rooted in human dignity, constitutionalism, and sustainable legal reform. Through partnerships, research, and grassroots legal support, CELSIR contributes to the growing movement toward the abolition of the death penalty in Africa. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [64] => Array ( [objectID] => 28442 [title] => Launch of a New Practical Guide on How to Prevent a Return to the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1752105600 [date] => 10/07/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/launch-of-a-new-practical-guide-on-how-to-prevent-a-return-to-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/guide-par-post-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP), in partnership with members and allies who have worked on preventing the return of the death penalty, has published a new how-to guide for civil society organizations (CSOs) on how to react in the face of a risk of a return to the death penalty. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP), in partnership with members and allies who have worked on preventing the return of the death penalty, has published a new how-to guide for civil society organizations (CSOs) on how to react in the face of a risk of a return to the death penalty. (more…) "Launch of a New Practical Guide on How to Prevent a Return to the Death Penalty " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [65] => Array ( [objectID] => 28423 [title] => Security Myth & the Death Penalty What’s new since 2024? [timestamp] => 1751846400 [date] => 07/07/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/security-myth-the-death-penalty-whats-new-since-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Security Myth & the Death PenaltyWhat’s new since 2024?THE DEATH PENALTY IN NUMBERS*In 2024, the top 5 States thatexecuted the most people were:1. China2. Iran3. Saudi Arabia4. Iraq5. Yemen23 States are abolitionist inpractice.54 States are retentionist.113 States have abolishedthe death penalty for allcrimes.9 States have abolished thedeath penalty for ordinarylaw crimes.At the end of 2024, at least 28,085 persons were servingdeath sentences, and at least 1,518 executions wererecorded- the highest number since 2015.Highlights from World Day 2024 &Death Penalty Updates10 October 2024The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) published anarticle “The Death Penalty Does Not Lead to Justice”UN Special Rapporteurs, Mai Sato and Morris Tidball-Binz, Gina Romero, andAlice Jill Edwards issued a joint statement condemning Iran’s surge inexecutions, urging accountability and progress towards abolition.The Council of Europe and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’Rights released press statements for World Day.The Pan African Lawyers Union filed a request for an advisory opinion with theAfrican Court on 10 October to seek an opinion on the death penalty as a violationof the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Civil society launched anAmicus Curiae brief to the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights regardingthe myth of security and the death penalty.*Statistics from Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2024More Death Penalty Updates17 December 2024- United Nations General Assembly adopted the 10 thresolutionfor a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 130 votes in favor out of 193United Nations Member States.19 December 2024- Zambia acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.31 December 2024 – Zimbabwe abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes.20 January 2025- In the United States of America, President Donald Trumpsigned an Executive Order on “Restoring the Death Penalty and Protecting PublicSafety.”Our deep thanks to all who sharedtheir stories and the organizationsthat sent them.For full length testimonies, pleasevisit “Insecurity Revealed: VoicesAgainst the Death Penalty” on ourwebsite.North Carolina, U.S.A.Marshall Dayan is a capital defense lawyer whorepresented David Lawson, convicted of murder duringthe breaking and entering of a home.“I witnessed his execution in the gas chamber on June 15, 1994. […] It took Davidthirteen minutes to die. His death certificate lists ‘homicide’ as his cause of death. […]For the next several months, I was unable to work effectively. I had a brief due incourt, and despite several extensions of the due date, I was unable to write it; I wasfrozen […], but in retrospect it seems clear to me that I was suffering from majordepression after David Lawson’s execution. […] In short, though I understoodintellectually that I was not responsible for David Lawson’s execution, I neverthelessfelt the emotional loss of having had a client executed and could not help feeling that,as his lawyer, I had failed in my job to save his life.”Marshall Dayan’s story was shared by Witness to Innocence.This document was produced with the financial support of the European Union,the Government of Belgium, the Government of Switzerland, and the Paris Bar Association.The content of this document is the sole responsibility of the World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyand should in no way be considered to reflect the position of the EU,the above-mentioned Governments, nor the Paris Bar Association. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => Working with... [2] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/JM2025-Brochure-Insert_EN_vFINAL.pdf ) [66] => Array ( [objectID] => 28367 [title] => ALQST for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1750291200 [date] => 19/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/alqst-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ALQST-for-Human-Rights-logo-500x187.jpg [extrait] => ALQST for Human Rights is an independent NGO founded in 2014 by Saudi human rights defender Yahya Assiri to promote and defend human rights in Saudi Arabia. The quest for justice (the meaning of “Al-qist” in Arabic) lies at the heart of our work, and we take a rights-based approach grounded in international human rights […] [texte] => ALQST for Human Rights is an independent NGO founded in 2014 by Saudi human rights defender Yahya Assiri to promote and defend human rights in Saudi Arabia. The quest for justice (the meaning of “Al-qist” in Arabic) lies at the heart of our work, and we take a rights-based approach grounded in international human rights law to advocate for fundamental freedoms without discrimination. Through on-the-ground research, international advocacy, and campaigning, we expose human rights abuses and support victims.ALQST closely monitors the use of the death penalty in Saudi Arabia, tracking legal developments and documenting executions. We work with affected individuals and their families to seek international support, while advocating for a moratorium on executions with the ultimate goal of abolition. Through public advocacy and engagement with policymakers, we challenge Saudi Arabia’s judicial practices and push for systemic reforms to end capital punishment. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [67] => Array ( [objectID] => 28336 [title] => The death penalty and drug policy: abolitionist perspectives at the Harm Reduction International conference [timestamp] => 1750291200 [date] => 19/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-and-drug-policy-abolitionist-perspectives-at-the-harm-reduction-international-conference/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => From April 27 to 30, 2025, the Harm Reduction International (HRI) conference in Bogotá brought together several hundred activists, researchers and human rights defenders committed to drug policies based on health, rights and justice. [texte] => From April 27 to 30, 2025, the Harm Reduction International (HRI) conference in Bogotá brought together several hundred activists, researchers and human rights defenders committed to drug policies based on health, rights and justice. (more…) "The death penalty and drug policy: abolitionist perspectives at the Harm Reduction International conference" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [68] => Array ( [objectID] => 28328 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Indonesian [timestamp] => 1749686400 [date] => 12/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-indonesian-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/BD_affiche-WC-2024-indonesian.pdf ) [69] => Array ( [objectID] => 28320 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Houssa [timestamp] => 1749686400 [date] => 12/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-houssa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/traductions_affiche-WC-2024-houssa.pdf ) [70] => Array ( [objectID] => 28341 [title] => Tribute to Sunny Jacobs by the Gender Working Group [timestamp] => 1749168000 [date] => 06/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/tribute-to-sunny-jacobs-by-the-gender-working-group/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/CEDAW86-side-event-gender-and-death-penalty-2-1536x1152-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => It is with great sadness that the Gender Working Group of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty pays tribute to Sonia “Sunny” Jacobs, a tireless advocate and an inspiration to us all. [texte] => It is with great sadness that the Gender Working Group of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty pays tribute to Sonia “Sunny” Jacobs, a tireless advocate and an inspiration to us all. (more…) "Tribute to Sunny Jacobs by the Gender Working Group" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [71] => Array ( [objectID] => 28301 [title] => How to prevent a return to the Death Penalty? [timestamp] => 1748995200 [date] => 04/06/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-prevent-a-return-to-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => How to preventa return to theDeath Penalty ?Guidance and Strategies for preventing a return to the legalized death penalty and/ or executions after a moratorium PRACTICAL GUIDE 2December 2024World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyTABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS 6Introduction 7 1. Monitoring 8 Shifts in Death Penalty discourse 8 Monitoring broader human rights indicators beyond the death penalty 92. Assessing the risk – What constitutes a real risk of a returnto the death penalty and when should you react? 113. Developing an action plan based on risck level 13Where to start? 14 Developing Medium-to Long-term Strategies 214. Building Coalitions and Finding Allies 22Why do you need a Coalition? 22 Why do you need Allies? 24 How to find Coalition Members and Allies? 245. Shaping Narratives 26Analyze their narratives 26 Develop your counternarratives 27 Find experts and authorities to send out the message 30 Figure out the best way to send out your message 306. Security & Safety for Civil Society Organizations 31PRACTICAL GUIDEHOW TO PREVENT A RETURN TO THE DEATH PENALTY ? EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis guide by the World Coalition against the Death Penalty serves as an essential resource for civil society organizations, members of the World Coalition, and other stakeholders working to prevent the resurgence of the death penalty. In recent years, global trends toward abolition have faced setbacks, with some countries showing renewed interest in reinstating or resuming executions. Countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where an official moratorium was lifted in 2024 after decades without executions, illustrate the pressing need for vigilance and proactive measures to counteract these developments. The guide emphasizes that progress in human rights, including the abolition of capital punishment, is not always permanent. Political instability, populist agendas, and broader human rights rollbacks often accompany these resurgences, requiring a coordinated and strategic response.The guide offers a practical framework for monitoring, assessing, and countering the risk of a return to the death penalty. It highlights the importance of tracking early warning signs, such as legislative proposals, political rhetoric advocating executions, or changes in execution protocols. It also underscores the necessity of situating the death penalty within broader human rights challenges, such as shrinking civic space, erosion of judicial independence, and the targeting of activists.Grounded in international law, the guide also equips advocates with tools to leverage legal instruments that protect against the reinstatement of the death penalty. These instruments not only prohibit the death penalty under specific conditions but also create long-term frameworks that resist political regression.Recognizing the diverse contexts in which threats of resuming the death penalty arise, the guide introduces a risk assessment framework to helpadvocates tailor their strategies. From countries at low risk to those facing imminent reintroduction or execution orders, this guide provides actionable steps for varying threat levels. In situations of moderate risk, for example, public education and coalition-building are emphasized to prevent public support for capital punishment from gaining traction. In high-risk contexts, such as where bills are tabled in parliament or execution warrents are signed, the guide advises urgent legislative lobbying, international advocacy, and the mobilization of public opinion.Additionally, the guide highlights the critical role of coalitions and alliances in responding to threats. Bringing together diverse actors — including legal experts, faith leaders, and human rights defenders — ensures a coordinated and multifaceted response. Case studies from the Philippines and Türkiye demonstrate how such coalitions have effectively countered attempts to reinstate the death penalty through public awareness campaigns, legislative advocacy, and international engagement. This guide also serves as a reminder that working against the death penalty can be fraught with risks, particularly in countries where civic space is restricted or advocates face threats from state or non-state actors. By offering tools and resources for managing security risks, it underscores the need for both strategic planning and personal safety in thiswork.As a first step, this guide provides invaluable insights and strategies for navigating the complex and often politically charged landscape surrounding the death penalty. It equips advocates with knowledge, tools, and case studies to mount an effective response to emerging threats and to sustain progress toward universal abolition.By the World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyWORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY3 4HOW TO PRREEACVETNTTO ATHRETRUISRKNOTFOATRHETDUERANTHTOPTEHNEALDTEYA?TH PENALTYOBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGYThe objective of this guide is to provide a tool that will enable members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), partners to the Countries at Risk campaign, and other abolitionist civil society organizations (CSOs) to effectively advocate against a possible return to the death penalty within their countries.From 2018-2024, the World Coalition launched a campaign to secure or maintain the abolition of the death penalty in countries that are abolitionist in law and practice and where there were known risks of a resurgence of the death penalty. The countries included in the campaign were the Maldives, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Türkiye.During the six years the campaign was in place, many strategies and lessons were learned about what it takes to prevent a return to capital punishment. These lessons were highlighted and explored by the External Evaluation for Phase 1 in 2021.During a meeting in Malaysia in July 2023 with representatives from CSOs, National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs), and other stakeholders from the 4 target countries, the strategies previously identified were shared, debated and built upon. The purpose was to identify strategies that were effective nationally and that can serve as models or inspiration in other national and regional contexts where the death penalty may return. Those lessons have been compiled to create this guide.PRACTICAL GUIDEIn addition to these consultative measures, a survey was conducted with all project partners asking specific questions on how they constitute a risk of a return to the death penalty and what practices worked and did not work for their situations. Their responses constitute the majority of this guide.Members of the World Coalition associated with the Countries at Risk campaign, as well as local partners hailing from the aforementioned target countries were all consulted for the drafting of this guide. Examples of case studies were written by the organizations and individuals who lived through the experience. This collaborative method allows those who have firsthand experience to contribute to the guide and to avoid any bias included by the principal author. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is grateful to Bronwyn Dudley, who was the principal author of this guide. The World Coalition extends a special thanks to Venus Avez, who provided research and drafting support, and to Nellia Halimi and Méline Szwarcberg, for providing production, expert review, coordination, and translation support for this guide. The World Coalition also wishes to acknowledge the considerable assistance it received from the following NGO representatives, and partners:Giada Girelli, Harm Reduction InternationalGregorio Tanaka Viterbo Jr., Free Legal Assistance GroupJuliette Rousselot, International Federation for Human RightsKaren Gomez-Dumpit, Anti-Death Penalty Asian NetworkShahindha Ismail, Maldivian Democracy NetworkYavuz Binbay, SOHRAM CASRA (Sosyal Yardımlaşma Rehabilitasyon ve Adaptasyon Merkezi)Organizations composing the World Coalition's Working Group on the Maldives Organizations composing the World Coalition's Working Group on the Philippines Organizations composing the World Coalition's Working Group on Sri Lanka Organizations composing the World Coalition's Working Group on TurkeyWORLD COALITION5AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY61 World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT). (n.d.). Extrajudicial killings. Retrieved from: https://www.omct.org/en/what-we-do/extrajudicial-killings2 Amnesty International. (2024). Death sentences and executions in 2023. Retrieved from: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/7952/2024/en/PRACTICAL GUIDEABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONSACHPR- African Commission on Human and Peoples’ RightsAICHR- Association of Southeast Asian Nations Intergovernmental Commission on Human RightsASEAN- Association of Southeast Asian NationsCSO- Civil Society OrganizationEU- European UnionGSP+- Generalized Scheme of Preferences PlusIACHR- Inter-American Commission on Human RightsICCPR- International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsNGO - Non-governmental organizationNHRI – National Human Rights InstitutionOP2-ICCPR- Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenanton Civil and Political RightsUNGA – United Nationals General AssemblyWorld Coalition - World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyMoratorium : A temporary suspension of executions and, more rarely, of death sentences. Every few years, the UN Member States vote on a formal moratorium on the death penalty.Extrajudicial Killings1 : Extrajudicial killings, or extrajudicial executions, happen when someonein an official position deliberately kills a person without any legal process. Such arbitrary deprivations of life, which can also be carried out by militias, death squads or other non-State actors, often target political opponents, activists,or marginalized groups.Abolitionist in law : A country whose laws do n [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/EN_guidePaysRisque_v6.pdf ) [72] => Array ( [objectID] => 28294 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 58th session [timestamp] => 1747872000 [date] => 22/05/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-58th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 58th Regular Session from February 24 to April 4, 2025. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 58th Regular Session from February 24 to April 4, 2025. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 58th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [73] => Array ( [objectID] => 28290 [title] => 49th UPR Session Highlights Continued Calls for the Respect of International Human Rights Standards [timestamp] => 1747872000 [date] => 22/05/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/49th-upr-session-highlights-continued-calls-for-the-respect-of-international-human-rights-standards/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The 49th session of the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UPR) session took place from the 28th of April to the 9th of May 2025 in Geneva, Switzerland. It showcased the increasing international push for death penalty reform, with a significant number of recommendations for Grenada, Guyana, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Lesotho. [texte] => The 49th session of the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UPR) session took place from the 28th of April to the 9th of May 2025 in Geneva, Switzerland. It showcased the increasing international push for death penalty reform, with a significant number of recommendations for Grenada, Guyana, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Lesotho. (more…) "49th UPR Session Highlights Continued Calls for the Respect of International Human Rights Standards" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Grenada [1] => Guyana [2] => Kenya [3] => Kuwait [4] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [5] => Lesotho ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [74] => Array ( [objectID] => 28288 [title] => Immature Minds in a “Maturing Society”: Roper v. Simmons at 20 [timestamp] => 1745971200 [date] => 30/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/immature-minds-in-a-maturing-society-roper-v-simmons-at-20/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Twenty years after Roper v. Simmons ended the juvenile death penalty, new scientific and societal insights challenge the age-18 cutoff. This report introduces new DPI analysis of the trends in sentencing and executions of defendants age 18 to 20 based on twenty years of data, from the time of the Roper decision on March 1, 2005 through the end of 2024. [texte] => Immature Minds in a “Maturing Society” Roper v. Simmons at 20Acknowledgements The Death Penalty Information Center (DPI) is a national non-profit organization whose mission is to serve the media, policymakers, and the general public with data and analysis on issues concerning capital punishment and the people it affects. DPI does not take a position on the death penalty itself but is critical of problems in its application. This report was written and produced by DPI staff. Executive Director: Robin M. Maher Deputy Director, Project Manager: Pamela Quanrud Authors: Pamela Quanrud, Leah Roemer, Nina Motazedi, Anne Holsinger, Tiana Herring Writing and Research Support: Hayley Bedard, Delaney Patterson, Tyler Yang, Claire Moustafellos Data Analysis: Leah Roemer, Pamela Quanrud, Tiana Herring Report Design: Kinari Council Additional Contributors: Anumta Ali, Amelia Cogan, Juntong (Linda) Ding, Naomi Joseph, Karl Mbouombouo, Quan Yuan, Xinyue (Monica) Zhang. We would like to thank Frank Baumgartner for sharing his data, which helped verify the age of an individual at the time of the crime for purposes of this report. Thank you to DPI Board Members for their support. DPI is funded through the generosity of individual donors and foundations, including the Roderick and Solange MacArthur Justice Center; the Fund for Nonviolence; M. Quinn Delaney; and the Tides Foundation. The views expressed in this report are those of DPI and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its donors.Introduction Twenty years ago, in Roper v. Simmons,1 the United States Supreme Court held that the “Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments forbid imposition of the death penalty on offenders who were under the age of eighteen when their crimes were committed.”2 The decision, after the execution of twenty-two3 people who committed crimes under the age of 18 during the modern death penalty era, marked the end of the juvenile death penalty in the United States.In Roper, United States Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy drew on state trends in the treatment of young people, scientific and medical studies, and the penological justifications underpinning capital punishment to support the Court’s decision that “today our society views juveniles . . . as categorically less culpable”4 than other defendants. In doing so, Justice Kennedy acknowledged the inherent arbitrariness in selecting an age cutoff: “The qualities that distinguish juveniles from adults do not disappear when an individual turns 18,” he wrote, “however, a line must be drawn.”5 Twenty years later, the scientific, public policy, legal, and common-sense rationale that supported the Roper decision has become stronger in almost every respect—with one exception. The Roper Court said age 18 was “the point where society draws the line for many purposes between childhood and adulthood.”6 Today, a growing body of evidence now suggests that the line has been redrawn. Chapter One details the factors that led the Supreme Court to find a societal consensus against the execution of juveniles. Chapter Two updates and expands the data used by the Roper Court. Chapter Three examines how racial bias affects determinations of youth and culpability, with original research and analysis by DPI. Chapter Four provides an overview of the recent science about juvenile brains and behavior and then examines why many experts have concluded that this scientific understanding applies equally to those ages 18, 19, and 20. Chapter Five explains how society views youth ages 18, 19, and 20 as more similar to juveniles than adults. Note: Throughout this report, references to 18- to 20-year-olds in a criminal context should be understood to mean individuals who were 18-, 19-, or 20-years-old at the time of the crime. “To implement this framework we have established the propriety and affirmed the necessity of referring to ‘the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society’ to determine which punishments are so disproportionate as to be cruel and unusual.” Justice Kennedy, writing for the majority in Roper7 American Psychological Association Resolution In 2022, the American Psychological Association’s Council of Representatives overwhelmingly voted in favor of a resolution opposing the death penalty for individuals who committed crimes at ages 18-20.8 The resolution noted, “it is clear the brains of 18- to 20-year-olds are continuing to develop in key brain systems related to higher-order executive functions and self-control, such as planning ahead, weighing consequences of behavior, and emotional regulation” and that 18- to 20-year old “brain development cannot be distinguished reliably from that of 17-year-olds with regard to these key brain systems.”9 American Bar Association Resolution In 2018, the American Bar Association House of Delegates overwhelmingly adopted a resolution calling for the end of the death penalty for defendants who were 21 or younger at the time of the crime.10 In a report accompanying the resolution, the ABA noted that “there is growing medical consensus that key areas of the brain relevant to decision-making and judgment continue to develop into the early twenties.”11Executive Summary • The U.S. Supreme Court’s jurisprudence has steadily moved toward expansion of legal protections for young people in line with society’s enlightened understanding of human development and behavior. During the past twenty years, the Court has held children under age 18 ineligible for: the death penalty (2005); life without parole sentences for nonhomicide crimes (2010); and mandatory life without parole sentences for homicide crimes (2012 and 2016). • New death sentences for 18- to 20-year-olds have diminished both in absolute terms and as a percentage of all new death sentences over the last twenty years. During the past five years, juries have sentenced just five such individuals to death. • Seventy percent of 18- to 20-year-olds currently on death row were sentenced before Roper was decided. Almost a third of 18- to 20-year-olds sentenced after Roper have been removed from death row because of judicial or executive action. • There are fewer jurisdictions sentencing 18- to 20-year-olds to death. Since 2020, only three of the eighteen states that imposed new death sentences imposed a death sentence on this age group. • Since the Roper decision, more than three-quarters of the death sentences given to 18- to 20-year-olds have been imposed on people of color. This is higher than the rate found in older defendants: half of the death sentences imposed on adults 21 and older were imposed on people of color during this same time frame. • California is an outlier. In the twenty years since Roper, nine out of ten death sentences given to 18- to 20-year-olds were imposed on people of color. • Studies suggest that Black youth are held to different standards than their white peers as it concerns guilt and punishment. Juries and other decision makers are more likely to perceive Black youth as older than their actual age, “less innocent” and more “angry.” • Since Roper, people of color who are 18 to 20 years old are twice as likely as white defendants in the same age range to be executed. • The average age at the time of crime for people sentenced to death is 34.3 for white people and 29.7 for people of color, a nearly five-year gap; the gap is as large as 15 years in some individual states. • Texas alone accounts for half of all executions of 18- to 20-year-olds since Roper—80 percent of whom were people of color. • Studies of brain development and juvenile behavior show that key factors cited by the Court in Roper (poor impulse control and unnecessary risk-taking) are not only present in adolescence, but also in 18- to 20-year-olds. • Like adolescents, 18- to 20-year-olds are prone to greater risk-taking when in a group. A DPI analysis of executions in Texas found that almost two-thirds of defendants in this age range were tried for crimes committed alongside one or more other people, compared to just one-third of older defendants.Table of Contents Chapter One How the Supreme Court Found Societal Consensus Against the Execution of Juveniles • Cases Leading to Roper v. Simmons • Roper v. Simmons • In the Wake of Roper Cleo LeCroy: "Immature 17-Year-Old Juvenile to a Mature Middle-Aged Man" Chapter Two Objective Indicia of Societal Consensus Around 18- to 20-Year-Olds • Trends in Capital Punishment for Youth 18 to 20 in the U.S. • Trends in Death Sentencing • Trends in Executions • Trends in Texas Crime Characteristics Carey Dale Grayson: A “Nonsensical” and “Arbitrary” Execution Chapter Three Racial Disparities Among Capitally Charged, Sentenced, and Executed 18- to 20-Year-Olds • Racial Trends in Death Sentencing • Racial Trends in Executions Ramiro Gonzales: Executed Despite Being No Threat to Society Christa Pike: A Story of Childhood Trauma and Abuse Chapter Four The Evolving Science of Young Brains • How Science Persuaded the Roper Court that Juveniles Are Different • Modern Studies of Brain Development in 18- to 20-Year-Olds • Adverse Childhood Experiences and Brain Development Henry McCollum and Leon Brown: Pressured into False Confessions Chapter Five 18- to 20-Year-Olds in Life and Law • Defining Emerging Adulthood • Statutes Curtailing the Rights and Responsibilities of 18- to 20-Year-Olds in Daily Life • Young Adults in the Criminal Legal System • Who is an Adult in the Eyes of the Law? • The Retreat from Harsh Punishment for Young Defendants • Trends in Sentencing Relief for Young Adults Convicted of Violent Crimes Conclusion APPENDIX A 1 3 6 8 13 15 18 20 21 23 25 28 30 33 35 39 45 50 53 55 56 57 58 17 41 42 59 60 65 66Endnotes 1.Roper v. Simmons, 534 U.S. 551 (2005). 2. Id. at 578. 3. Victor L. Streib, “The Juvenile Death Penalty Today: Death Sentence and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, January 1, 1973 – February 28, 2005”. 4. Roper at 567. 5. Id. at 574. 6. Id. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Drug Offenses [3] => Innocence [4] => Intellectual Disability [5] => Juveniles [6] => Mental Illness [7] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://dpic-cdn.org/production/documents/pdf/Immature-Minds.pdf?dm=1747065928 ) [75] => Array ( [objectID] => 28215 [title] => Budget Template FSTP-FFPA 2025 [timestamp] => 1745280000 [date] => 22/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/budget-template-fstp-ffpa-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/EN-WCADP-BudgetTemplate-FSTP-FFPA_2025.xlsx ) [76] => Array ( [objectID] => 28199 [title] => Financial Support to Third Parties – Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition – APPLICATION FORM [timestamp] => 1745280000 [date] => 22/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/financial-support-to-third-parties-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition-application-form/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Financial Support to Third Parties- Global Consortium for Death Penalty AbolitionAPPLICATION FORMName of the organization/informal network:Country:Legal status, if any:Point of ContactFirst Name, LAST NAME: Position/ Title: Email address: Telephone number/WhatsApp/Signal (incl. country code):Additional informationPlease include (web) links to your previous work against the death penalty or related activities including website and social media handles:Please confirm that you are applying as a:civil society organization (CSO - for the purpose of this call for proposals, CSOs include all non-State, not-for-profit structures, non-partisan and non-violent, through which people organize to pursue shared objectives and ideals, whether political, cultural, social or economic); orinformal network of people opposed to the death penalty And that your organization is:non-profit-making or social enterprises; and have as part of its mandate the protection and promotion of human rights.Which grant are you applying for? Please select only one:Grant Drug-related Research with Harm Reduction InternationalGrant Asia with The Rights Practice (TRP)Grant Gender with the World CoalitionGrant World Day 2025 with the World CoalitionGrant Ratification with the World CoalitionPlease tick this box to confirm that your proposal is aligned with the specific conditions for this country as indicated in the call for proposals, in particular (i) Available Grants, Indicative Budget and maximum amount:I have read the specific conditions that apply for this country and my proposal reflects itProposal’s Objectives: Please select one of the following expected results:R1: For projects focused on retentionist countries: Reducing the use of capital punishment and encouraging more transparency regarding its application. R2: For projects focused on Abolitionist in practice countries: Abolishing the death penalty in law. R3: For projects focused on Abolitionist in law countries: Ratifying abolitionist treaties and preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty. Please explain how your activities will help achieve these results and address here any security risks or any sensitivity issue we need to be aware of. Please fill inside the box, no more than half a pagePlanned Activities:Your organizations’ planned activities must be in line with the specificities of the grant you have selected above. The project may consist of one or more activities. Please detail each activity you plan to carry out and explain how they are related to the relevant objective (half a page per activity).List of activities eligible for financial support under this call: advocacy at the national level in favor of abolition including advocacy with abolitionist in practice countries and abolitionist in law countries to increase visibility of support for the anti-death penalty movement; building the capacities and awareness of parliamentarians, government officials and capital-defense lawyers; supporting civil society engagement with international human rights mechanisms; improving the conditions of detention of people on death row; supporting families of persons charged with capital offences and or of people on death row; strengthening the capacities of judicial and administrative authorities; research and data collection; documentation and litigation support; building the capacity of civil society, including governance practices and project management; supporting exoneree-led activities and amplifying exoneree voices; movement growth, innovation and coalition building; supporting advocacy, monitoring and capacity building of target groups; awareness, media and campaigns; crisis response to quickly react to in-country developments and mobilise relevant actors; mobilization of non-conventional stakeholders in the movement (eg. young people, private sector, cultural or sports sector) through actions including educational, technological, cultural activities; advocacy to hold abolitionist countries to account for any adverse shifts in law, policy or practice.activities aimed at making visible and combating the discrimination faced by women and/or LGBTQIA+ people in the judicial process leading to the death penaltyActivity 1: Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activityTargeted audience and national context for Activity 1:Please explain who your targets are and what their needs and constraints are given the national context (please indicate overall number, and disaggregated data when relevant, such as gender, race, age, disability, experience).Explain how they will be targeted and the relevance of the activities to the targeted audience (Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activity):Activity 2: Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activityTargeted audience and national context for Activity 2:Please explain who your targets are and what their needs and constraints are given the national context (please indicate overall number, and disaggregated data when relevant, such as gender, race, age, disability, experience). Also explain how they will be targeted and the relevance of the activities to the targeted audience (Please fill inside the box, no more than half a page per activity):** If further Activities envisaged, add additional boxes here Evaluation criteria:Please note that your proposal should take the following points into consideration:Activities are well explained and realisticActivities are in line with the selected objective(s). The design of the proposal is coherent, the proposal indicates the expected results to be achieved and the rationale to achieve these results through the activitiesActivities are relevant for the target audience and objectives, targets are clearly defined and strategically chosen. Their needs and constraints have been clearly defined and the proposal address them appropriately. Additional points for projects that target duty-bearers. Planning is realisticBudget is realisticBudget is in line with the activitie(s)Budget is cost efficientProjects that are gender and intersectional sensitive and meaningfully include exonerees and youth voices and humanize people on death row will be valuedProjects that collaborate with new allies and/or create cross-generational, cross-regional, cross-industry alliances will be valuedProjects that are in synergy with other activities within the Consortium and beyond the Consortium will also be valued Projects with an activity for World Day against the Death Penalty to reach out to new allies will be valued Projects that are innovative will be valuedProjects that foster information exchange/debunk myths or misinformation/fill in information gaps will be valuedProjects that have potential for replication and sustainability will be valuedProject’s Detailed Budget and Timeline:When do you plan to do your activity(ies)?Please note that activities conducted between June 2025 and March 2026 are eligible.Expected start date of your proposal:Expected end date of your proposal:Estimated dates for activity 1:Estimated dates for activity 2:** If further Activities envisaged, add dates here:How much do you need to do your activity(ies)?Total amount:Please fill in the attached Excel Sheet for the detailed costs.Please note that the maximum amount you may request is specific to each grant. Please note that you will be asked for a list of expenses and proofs or receipts of expenditure if your proposal is selected, so only put realistic costs that you know you will be able to justify.If the budget available will only contribute to cover some costs for your activities, rather than fund the whole activity cost, please supply a budget solely for the requested funds and indicate here it if part of a larger budget, and what that larger budget is:Ineligible costs:costs already financed by another donor;purchases of land or buildings;currency exchange losses;in kind contributions and volunteers' work;salary of national administrations personnel.Annual budget and previous experience:Please indicate your annual budget in EUROS, if any, and explain if you have recently managed a similar grantIf the funds requested exceed your annual budget, what measures will you put in place to manage it (for example, who will you track expenses, activities and report to the organization responsible for the fund management)?Please fill inside the box, no more than half a pageIn submitting this budget proposal, you commit to (Please tick all the boxes):Not to include imputed costs or costs of volunteer services;Respecting the principle of prohibiting double financing of expenditure (no co-financing by EU delegation, etc);Respecting the non-profit principleRespecting financial deadlines, if you are selectedRespecting the exchange rate of the European Union Commission, on the following link: https://commission.europa.eu/funding-tenders/procedures-guidelines-tenders/information-contractors-and-beneficiaries/exchange-rate-inforeuro_frDATE OF SUBMISSION: [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/EN-WCADP-ApplicationForm-FSTP_FFPA_2025.docx ) [77] => Array ( [objectID] => 28173 [title] => For a world free from the shadows of the gallows [timestamp] => 1744588800 [date] => 14/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/for-a-world-free-from-the-shadows-of-the-gallows/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/amnesty-annual-report-2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 8 April 2025, Amnesty International published its annual report on the state of the death penalty worldwide. Amnesty International’s monitoring shows that with continued advocacy, it is just a matter of time before the death penalty will be fully abolished globally. [texte] => On 8 April 2025, Amnesty International published its annual report on the state of the death penalty worldwide. Amnesty International’s monitoring shows that with continued advocacy, it is just a matter of time before the death penalty will be fully abolished globally. (more…) "For a world free from the shadows of the gallows" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [2] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [3] => Iraq [4] => Japan [5] => Malaysia [6] => Saudi Arabia [7] => United States [8] => Viet Nam [9] => Zambia [10] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [2] => Gender [3] => Innocence [4] => Intellectual Disability [5] => Mental Illness [6] => Moratorium [7] => Terrorism [8] => Trend Towards Abolition [9] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [78] => Array ( [objectID] => 28190 [title] => Amicus Curiae brief in support of the Pan African Lawyers Union’s request for an Advisory Opinion on the Compatibility of the Death Penalty with the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1744243200 [date] => 10/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/amicus-curiae-brief-in-support-of-the-pan-african-lawyers-unions-request-for-an-advisory-opinion-on-the-compatibility-of-the-death-penalty-with-the-african-charter-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this submission in support of the Pan African Lawyers Union, the amici explain that the death penalty per se is an arbitrary deprivation of life, in violation of Article 4 of the African Charter, because the weight of the evidence shows that the death penalty is not necessary to achieve the stated purpose of reducing crime and as a penalty implicating human rights under the Charter it is disproportionate to the benefits it seeks to capture. [texte] => FH99999.9IN THE AFRICAN COURT ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTSREQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION NO. 0001OF 2024AMICUS CURIAEBYThe Advocates for Human Rights (United States of America); Coalition ofSomali Human Rights Defenders (Somalia); CPJ (Democratic Republic ofthe Congo); DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights(Botswana); ECPM (France); FIACAT (France); HANAHR (Somalia);Kenya Human Rights Commission (Kenya); Legal and Human RightsCentre (Tanzania); La Ligue Algérienne pour la Défense des Droits del’Homme (Algeria); Reprieve (United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland); Rescue Alternatives Liberia (Liberia); the WorldCoalition Against the Death Penalty (France), and Dr. Michael L. Radelet(United States of America).IN THE MATTER OF A REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION ONTHE COMPATIBILITY OF THE DEATH PENALTY WITH THEAFRICAN CHARTER ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS ANDOTHER HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS APPLICABLE IN AFRICA(Made under Article 4 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Humanand Peoples’ Rights on the Establishment of the African Court onHuman and Peoples’ Rights and Rule 68 of the Rules of the AfricanCourt on Human and Peoples’ Rights)10 April 2025iFH99999.9Table of ContentsI. STATEMENT OF INTEREST OF THE AMICUS ..................................................... 1II. SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ............................................................................. 2III. RELEVANT LAWS ........................................................................................... 3A. National Laws .......................................................................................... 3B. African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (1984) ................................ 4C. International Law ..................................................................................... 4IV. ARGUMENT ................................................................................................... 6A. Article 4 of the African Charter Is the Fulcrum of all other Rights .................. 6B. The Court Has Yet to Contemplate the Arbitrariness of the Death PenaltyPer Se ...................................................................................................... 7C. The Death Penalty Should Be Considered “Arbitrary” Because it isUnnecessary to Achieve the Legitimate State Purpose of Deterrence andDisproportionate to the Benefits it Seeks to Capture through Deterrence ... 11D. The Death Penalty Does Not Serve the Interest of Deterrence .................... 13E. The Death Penalty Is Not “Absolutely Necessary” to Deter Crime .............. 15(1) Studies Claiming to Prove that the Death Penalty Deters Crime are Unreliable............................................................................................................ 16(2) Comparative Reviews Confirm that the Death Penalty is not “AbsolutelyNecessary” to Deter Crime .................................................................... 22(3) The Death Penalty is Not More Effective in Achieving Deterrence than LessRestrictive Measures Like Imprisonment ................................................. 24F. The Death Penalty Is Not A “Proportionate” Way to Achieve the Interest ofCrime Deterrence ................................................................................... 29(1) The Death Penalty Has a Disproportionate Impact ................................... 30(2) The Death Penalty Impinges on other Human Rights ................................ 36(3) The Availability of Less Restrictive Measures to Pursue Crime PreventionCompared to the Death Penalty’s Harmful Effects Makes it GrosslyDisproportional. .................................................................................... 41V. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 43Appendix 1: Signatory List and Mission Description ............................................ 45Appendix 2: List of Authorities and Supporting Documents ................................. 501I. STATEMENT OF INTEREST OF THE AMICUS1. The amici curiae are non-governmental organizations and scholarscommitted to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rightsstandards and the rule of law and, in particular, to the abolition of the scourge onhuman life and dignity that is represented by capital punishment. As advocates forthese foundational rights, we have both an interest in the outcome of this AdvisoryOpinion and specialized expertise in the questions of law before the African Court onHuman and Peoples’ Rights (the “Court”). We respectfully submit this brief on thequestion of whether the death penalty is per se an arbitrary deprivation of life, inviolation of Article 4 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (the “AfricanCharter”) and other international legal instruments. Specifically, the amici seek tobring our experience and expertise to bear on the myth that the death penalty detersthe commission of serious crimes. We respectfully submit that there is a dearth ofcredible evidence that the death penalty achieves any measurable success in crimeprevention1 and provide evidence that other measures, which do not impinge on theright to life, provide equal or greater deterrent effects.2 The amici urge this Court totake the final step in an overwhelming trend away from imposing the death penaltyacross the African Continent3 and rule that the death penalty violates the right to life,and that provisions of law persisting in some Member States of the African Union thatpermit the use of capital punishment must be struck down.42. The amici are as follows: The Advocates for Human Rights (UnitedStates of America); Coalition of Somali Human Rights Defenders (Somalia); CPJ(Democratic Republic of the Congo); DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre forHuman Rights (Botswana); ECPM (France); FIACAT (France); HANAHR (Somalia);Kenya Human Rights Commission (Kenya); Legal and Human Rights Centre(Tanzania); La Ligue Algérienne pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme (Algeria);Reprieve (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland); Rescue Alternatives1 See, infra, § IV.E (1).2 See, infra, § IV. E (2).3 See, infra, ¶¶ 10, 22.4 See, infra, § V.2Liberia (Liberia); the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (France), and Dr.Michael L. Radelet (United States of America).5II. SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT3. Article 4 of the Charter provides unique protections for the right to life,and unlike other similar international legal instruments,6 contains no explicit exceptionfor the death penalty. Nevertheless, retentionist States continue to impose the deathpenalty based on the false assumption that it deters serious crimes. This assumptionis unsubstantiated by credible evidence. Outdated studies which purport to supportthe premise that the death penalty curbs crime are methodologically unsound. Acomparative analysis of abolitionist and retentionist jurisdictions demonstrates thatthere is no credibly measurable difference in the occurrence of violent crime. Somejurisdictions have seen a reduction in crime following the abolition of capitalpunishment.4. Capital punishment is proven to have a disproportionate impact oneconomically vulnerable and marginalized communities and cannot provide a broaddeterrent to crime where it is applied in such a manner. Separate from itsdiscriminatory application, it is established in modern international human rightsjurisprudence that the death penalty violates numerous other human rights—inparticular, the prohibitions against torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment.5. The overwhelming global consensus among scholars of capitalpunishment is that alternative policies that increase the certainty rather than theseverity of punishment are equally or more effective than the death penalty atachieving the same objective of crime reduction. For example, policies which enhancelaw enforcement capabilities to investigate criminal conduct and apprehend andprosecute perpetrators have a greater deterrent effect on crime. Such alternativepolicies do not impinge on the right to life.5 Please see Appendix 1 for additional information about the amici.6 See, e.g., International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (“ICCPR”), Art. 6(2) (expressly permittingthe death penalty subject to a number of restrictions).36. For these and other reasons addressed in the principal Request for anAdvisory Opinion of the Court, international human rights jurisprudence has held thatthe death penalty must be abolished. The amici respectfully submit that the AfricanCourt should arrive at the same conclusion. Such a finding accords with the positionof the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (“African Commission”)and with the trend among the majority of African States which have abolished thedeath penalty in law or in practice.7. In this submission, the amici explain that the death penalty per se entailsan arbitrary deprivation of life, in violation of Article 4 of the African Charter, becausethe weight of the evidence shows that the death penalty is not necessary to achievethe stated purpose of reducing crime is disproportionate to the benefits it seeks tocapture.III. RELEVANT LAWS8. This section compiles the relevant Laws for the questions addressed inthis brief. Subsection A discusses the status of the death penalty in African States.Further, Subsection B lists the relevant provisions in the African Charter on Humanand Peoples’ Rights that are addressed in this brief. Subsection C enumeratesinternational law standards germane to the analysis of the death penalty.A. National Laws9. Six African States have retained legal provisions for the imposition ofcapital punishment and have carried out executions within the past ten years:Botswana, Egypt, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan.710. Twenty-five African States observe a moratorium on capital punishment,either expressly or in practice (such that executions have not been carried out [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Gender [4] => Legal Representation [5] => Moratorium [6] => Murder Victims' Families [7] => Terrorism [8] => Trend Towards Abolition [9] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/Res/African%20Court%20Amicus%20Brief%2010%20April%202025.pdf ) [79] => Array ( [objectID] => 28134 [title] => Death sentences and executions in 2024 [timestamp] => 1744070400 [date] => 08/04/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2024. Amnesty International’s monitoring shows an increase by 32% in recorded executions compared to 2023. This does not include the thousands of people believed to have been executed in China, as well as in North Korea and Viet Nam, also believed to have resorted to executions extensively. For the second consecutive year, executing countries reached the lowest number on record. [texte] => DEATH SENTENCESAND EXECUTIONS2024AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL REPORTIndex: ACT 50/8976/2025Original language: English© Amnesty International 2025Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensedunder a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives,international 4.0) licence.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeFor more information please visit the permissions page on our website:www.amnesty.orgWhere material is attributed to a copyright owner other than AmnestyInternational this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence.First published in 2025 by Amnesty International LtdPeter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UKamnesty.orgAmnesty International is a movement of 10 million peoplewhich mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaignsfor change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our visionis of a world where those in power keep their promises,respect international law and are held to account. We areindependent of any government, political ideology, economicinterest or religion and are funded mainly by our membershipand individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarityand compassion with people everywhere can change oursocieties for the better.3DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024Amnesty InternationalCONTENTSEXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2024 4NOTE ON AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY 6THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2024 7GLOBAL TRENDS 7EXECUTIONS 9METHODS OF EXECUTION IN 2024 11DEATH SENTENCES 12COMMUTATIONS, PARDONS AND EXONERATIONS 13THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2024: IN VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 13REGIONAL OVERVIEWS 15AMERICAS 15ASIA PACIFIC 21EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 28MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 29SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 34ANNEX I: RECORDED EXECUTIONS AND DEATH SENTENCES IN 2024 40RECORDED EXECUTIONS IN 2024 40RECORDED DEATH SENTENCES IN 2024 41ANNEX II: ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2024 42ANNEX III: RATIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2024 44ANNEX IV: VOTING RESULTS OF UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 79/179,ADOPTED ON 17 DECEMBER 2024 463503253002752502252001751501251007550250EXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2024 This map indicates the general locationsof boundaries and jurisdictions andshould not be interpreted as AmnestyInternational’s view on disputed territories.+ indicates that the figure that AmnestyInternational has calculated is a minimum.Where + is not preceded by a number,this means that Amnesty Internationalis confident that there was more thanone execution, but it was unable toestablish a credible minimum figure.6. SOMALIARecorded executions fellby about 11%, from 38in 2023 to 34 in 2024.10. SYRIAThe use of the deathpenalty continued butcredible minimumfigures were unavailabledue to conflict.5. YEMENKnown executionsmore than doubled,from 15 in 2023to 38 in 2024.1. CHINAContinued to execute and sentenceto death thousands of people butkept figures secret.2. IRANRecorded executionsincreased by about 14%compared to 2023, with morethan half for drug-relatedoffences.3. SAUDI ARABIARecorded executionsdoubled in comparisonwith 2023, largely forterrorism and drug-related offences.8. EGYPTRecorded executions roseby over 62% comparedto 2023.4. IRAQRecorded executions almostquadrupled compared to 2023,mainly due to spikes in executionsfor terrorism related offences.7. USAFour US states resumedexecutions, and Alabamatripled its yearly total.9. NORTH KOREAThe death penalty is likely to beused at a sustained rate, butstate secrecy makes it difficult toindependently verify.11. VIET NAMDeath sentences were imposedextensively for drug-related offences.Of the executing countries in 2024,the 11 countries listed on the map havepersistently executed people in the pastfive years (2020–2024).CHINAIRANSAUDI ARABIAIRAQYEMENSOMALIAUSAEGYPTSINGAPOREKUWAITOMANAFGHANISTANNORTH KOREASYRIAVIET NAM1,000s345+972+63+38+ 34+2513 9 6 3 + + ++DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024AMNESTY INTERNATIONALDEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL6DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024Amnesty InternationalNOTE ON AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURESON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYThis report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2024.As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures;judgments; information from individuals sentenced to death; their families and representatives; mediareports; and, as specified, other civil society organizations.Amnesty International reports on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of thedeath penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. Inmany countries, governments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. In Chinaand Viet Nam, data on the use of the death penalty is classified as a state secret. During 2024,little or no information was available on some countries – in particular Belarus, Laos and NorthKorea – due to restrictive state practice. Therefore, for a significant number of countries, AmnestyInternational’s figures on the use of the death penalty are the minimum recorded. The true overallfigures are likely to be higher.In 2009, Amnesty International stopped publishing its estimated figures on the use of thedeath penalty in China, a decision that reflected concerns about how the Chinese authoritiesmisrepresented Amnesty International’s numbers. Amnesty International always made clear thatthe figures it was able to publish on China were significantly lower than the reality, because of therestrictions on access to information. China has yet to publish any figures on the death penalty;however, available information indicates that each year thousands of people are executed andsentenced to death. Amnesty International renews its call on the Chinese authorities to publishinformation on the use of the death penalty in China.Where Amnesty International receives and is able to verify new information after publication of thisreport, it updates its figures online at amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penaltyIn tables and lists, where “+” appears after a figure next to the name of a country – for example, Iraq(63+) – it means that Amnesty International confirmed 63 executions, death sentences or personsunder sentence of death in Iraq but believes that there were more than 63. Where “+” appears aftera country name without a figure – for instance, Oman (+) – it means that Amnesty International hascorroborated executions, death sentences or persons under sentence of death (more than one) inthat country but had insufficient information to provide a credible minimum figure. When calculatingglobal and regional totals, “+” has been counted as two, including for China.Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of thenature or circumstances of the crime; guilt, innocence or other characteristics of the individual; or themethod used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization campaigns for total abolition ofthe death penalty.7DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024Amnesty InternationalTHE USE OF THE DEATHPENALTY IN 2024“This Act [on abolition] is more than a legal reform; it is astatement of our commitment to justice and humanity […]We recognise the importance of rehabilitation and the needto move away from retribution.”Ziyambi Ziyambi, Minister of Justice and Parliamentary Affairs of Zimbabwe 1GLOBAL TRENDSAmnesty International’s figures on the global use of the death penalty in 2024 showed a sharp increasein recorded executions, while the number of executing countries remained at a record-low point.Amnesty International recorded a 32% rise in known executions from 2023, bringing the 2024 total tothe highest yearly figure since 2015. The spike was driven primarily by increases in three countries –Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.The known totals did not include thousands of people believed to have been executed in China, whichremained the world’s lead executioner; and North Korea and Viet Nam, countries believed to continueto carry out executions extensively but where access to information is restricted.In 2024, the death penalty remained a prominent tool used by several governments to exert controlon the population and stifle dissent, particularly targeting human rights defenders, protesters,dissidents, and political opponents, and having a disproportionate impact on those belonging toethnic or religious minorities and from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds. Among otherexamples, the Iranian authorities used the death penalty to punish individuals who had challenged,or were perceived as having challenged, the Islamic Republic establishment and its politico-religiousideologies during the Woman Life Freedom uprising of September-December 2022. The Saudiauthorities continued to weaponize the death penalty to silence political dissent and punish nationalsfrom the country’s Shi’a minority who supported “anti-government” protests between 2011 and2013. Resort to the death penalty for broadly defined “security” or terrorism related offences wassignificant across several countries.1 The Herald, “Zimbabwe abolishes death penalty”, 31 December 2024, https://www.herald.co.zw/zimbabwe-abolishes-death-penalty/8DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2024Amnesty InternationalThe false perception that the death penalty has a unique deterrent effect on crime also continued todrive dangerous and dehumanizing narratives. In March, the Minister of Justice of the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo formally announced that the government decided to resume executions tocombat “treason” within the army at a time when armed conflict in the country was escalating, and toend deadly gang violence in several cities. The military authorities of Burkina Faso announced plansto reintroduce the death penalty for ordinary crimes, which was abolished in the Penal Code in 2018,highlightin [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [2] => Gender [3] => Innocence [4] => Intellectual Disability [5] => Mental Illness [6] => Moratorium [7] => Terrorism [8] => Trend Towards Abolition [9] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/ACT5089762025ENGLISH.pdf ) [80] => Array ( [objectID] => 28101 [title] => 48th UPR Session Highlights Growing Calls for Death Penalty Reform [timestamp] => 1743379200 [date] => 31/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/48th-upr-session-highlights-growing-calls-for-death-penalty-reform/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-500x251.png [extrait] => The 48th session of the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UPR) took place from the 20th to the 31st of January 2025 in Geneva, Switzerland. It showcased the increasing international focus on the death penalty, with a significant number of recommendations for The Gambia, Fiji, Iran, Iraq, and Egypt. [texte] => The 48th session of the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UPR) took place from the 20th to the 31st of January 2025 in Geneva, Switzerland. It showcased the increasing international focus on the death penalty, with a significant number of recommendations for The Gambia, Fiji, Iran, Iraq, and Egypt. (more…) "48th UPR Session Highlights Growing Calls for Death Penalty Reform" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Egypt [1] => Fiji [2] => Gambia [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles [1] => Moratorium [2] => Public Opinion [3] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [81] => Array ( [objectID] => 28092 [title] => Judicial Influence on Death Penalty Abolition: Global Legal Perspectives at the Biennial High-Level Panel [timestamp] => 1743120000 [date] => 28/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/judicial-influence-on-death-penalty-abolition-global-legal-perspectives-at-the-biennial-high-level-panel/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On February 25, 2025, the biennial high-level panel on the death penalty was held at the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva, under the theme “Contribution of the Judiciary to the Advancement of Human Rights and the Question of the Death Penalty.” [texte] => On February 25, 2025, the biennial high-level panel on the death penalty was held at the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva, under the theme "Contribution of the Judiciary to the Advancement of Human Rights and the Question of the Death Penalty." (more…) "Judicial Influence on Death Penalty Abolition: Global Legal Perspectives at the Biennial High-Level Panel" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Gender [3] => Moratorium [4] => Public Opinion [5] => Trend Towards Abolition [6] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [82] => Array ( [objectID] => 27743 [title] => Advocacy for recognition of the reality of women sentenced to death at the first Women in Corrections conference [timestamp] => 1742515200 [date] => 21/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/advocacy-for-recognition-of-the-reality-of-women-sentenced-to-death-at-the-first-women-in-corrections-conference/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/advocacy-for-recognition-of-the-reality-of-women-sentenced-to-death-at-the-first-women-in-corrections-conference-500x250.jpg [extrait] => A World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) delegation participated in the first Women in Corrections Conference (WICC), held in Bangkok, Thailand, in February 2025. [texte] => A World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) delegation participated in the first Women in Corrections Conference (WICC), held in Bangkok, Thailand, in February 2025. (more…) "Advocacy for recognition of the reality of women sentenced to death at the first Women in Corrections conference" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [83] => Array ( [objectID] => 28078 [title] => From poverty to punishment: Examining laws and practices which criminalise women due to poverty or status worldwide [timestamp] => 1742169600 [date] => 17/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/from-poverty-to-punishment-examining-laws-and-practices-which-criminalise-women-due-to-poverty-or-status-worldwide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report exposes how laws and policies disproportionately criminalise women due to their socio-economic status and vulnerabilities, and calls for urgent reforms to stop the criminalisation of women for poverty, survival strategies and gendered norms. [texte] => From povertyto punishmentExamining laws and practices which criminalise womendue to poverty or status worldwideFrom poverty to punishment: Examining laws and practiceswhich criminalise women due to poverty or status worldwideThis document is co-published by Penal ReformInternational, Women Beyond Walls, and the GlobalCampaign to Decriminalise Poverty and Status.This publication may be freely reviewed, abstracted,reproduced, and translated, in part or in whole, but notfor sale, or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes.Any changes to the text of this publication must beapproved by Penal Reform International. Due credit must begiven to Penal Reform International, Women Beyond Walls,and this publication.Enquiries about translating or reproducing thispublication in its entirety should be addressedto publications@penalreform.org.Penal Reform Internationalwww.penalreform.orgWomen Beyond Wallswww.womenbeyondwalls.orgPublished in March 2025.Any unreferenced facts or figures in this report arebased on primary sources or research conducted byPenal Reform International and/or Women Beyond Walls.Events or developments widely covered by the media arenot referenced.© 2025 Penal Reform International / Women Beyond WallsCover photo: Yuri A/Shutterstock.Graphic design by Alex Valy.From poverty to punishmentContentsForeword 04EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 05Introduction 12The feminisation of poverty 13Methodology 14International and regional standards and principles 15PART 1:Criminalisation of life-sustaining activities 17Laws or offences that specifically, or disproportionately,criminalise women due to povertyCriminalisation of petty theft 18Criminalisation of begging 19Criminalisation of women working in informal economies 20Criminalisation of debt and non-payment of fines 21Criminalisation of homelessness 22Offences of vagrancy, loitering, idleness 23Criminalisation of drug-related activities 24PART 2:Criminalisation due to status 31Laws or offences that specifically, or disproportionately,criminalise women due to statusCrimes against ‘honour‘ or ’morality’ 32Criminalisation of consensual sex outside marriage 32Blasphemy laws 33Laws prescribing dress codes 34Restriction of women’s travel and mobility 35Abortion 36Witchcraft and sorcery 38Sexual orientation and gender identity 40Sex work 41Suicide and attempted suicide 44RECOMMENDATIONS 45Acknowledgements 52> Click on a chapter above to go to its page.> From any page in the document, click on the page header to come back to the contents page.03Penal Reform International and Women Beyond WallsFrom poverty to punishment: ForewordForewordby Mary RobinsonFormer President of Ireland, former United NationsHigh Commissioner for Human RightsAs we stand on the cusp of the 30th anniversary of theBeijing Declaration and Platform for Action, this reportcasts a penetrating light on the often-overlooked plightof women ensnared in criminal justice systems. Thestaggering rise in the number of incarcerated women– driven by poverty, abuse, and discriminatory laws –demands urgent redress. Behind each statistic lies thestory of a woman whose potential has been stymied byinequality and injustice.During my presidency in Ireland, I made it a priority toreach out to the most marginalised, and it was clearthat women in prison were among them. In Ireland, 6thJanuary marks Nollaig na mBan, or Women’s Christmas.Each year, I spent it at the Dóchas Centre at MountjoyPrison, beginning with a priest celebrating mass, thendancing together, and finally, conversation with thewomen there over a cup of tea. On one visit, after myhusband Nick had been in the news for a speedingfine, a woman I had met before joked, “Wasn’t Nick infor something too?” Whenever I spent time with thewomen, I was always reminded of the humanity behindthe statistics – these were women full of great humour,intelligence, resilience, and potential.But the reality is that, around the world, thecircumstances leading women into contact withcriminal justice systems are not a joking matter. Theirimprisonment is too often the result of poverty, abuse,and systemic failures – concerns just as serious, andmuch more pressing today than when I was makingthose visits to Mountjoy. The number of women in prisonglobally has risen dramatically, with data showing thatthe number of women and girls in prison has grown byalmost 60 percent since 2000.We must collectively resolve toreform practices that criminalisewomen for their socio-economicstatus and vulnerabilities.We must collectively resolve to reform practices thatcriminalise women for their socio-economic statusand vulnerabilities, and we must ensure that the voicesand experiences of women with lived experience arebrought to the forefront of high-level policy discussions,including the upcoming Beijing +30 consultations andother high-level forums on gender equality.This report, co-authored by Penal Reform International(PRI) and Women Beyond Walls (WBW), serves as aclarion call to international bodies, governments, andcivil society to prioritise gender-responsive alternativesto imprisonment and invest in community-basedsupport systems. It is only through such transformativeactions that we can hope to dismantle the systemicinjustices that perpetuate the incarceration of women.By adopting a people-centred and human rights-focusedapproach, we can build justice systems that heal ratherthan harm and that truly embody the principle of leavingno one behind.Photo: Laura Cook.04Penal Reform International and Women Beyond WallsFrom poverty to punishment: Executive summaryExecutive summaryOverviewGlobally, the number of women who are criminalisedand imprisoned is rising at an alarming rate. Datapublished in February 2025 shows that more than733,000 women and girls are estimated to be in prisonworldwide. The female prison population has increasedby 57 percent since 2000. The number of women goingto prison is growing at a faster rate than that of men.Due to challenges in obtaining accurate informationand the systemic lack of prioritisation of this issue,the true scale of the issue is likely to be significantlyunderreported. Thousands more women – and theirchildren, whether detained alongside them or leftbehind – are impacted by the well-documented harmsof involvement with the criminal justice system.Despite its rapid growth, women’s detention is largelyoverlooked in policy-making and high-level forums onwomen’s rights. In 2021, research by Women BeyondWalls revealed that initiatives supporting incarceratedwomen and girls are critically underfunded, with70 percent of 34 organisations across 24 countriesreceiving no funding from women’s rights or humanrights donors. This lack of prioritisation and resourceshinders efforts to reduce women’s incarcerationglobally. In the rare instances where imprisoned womenare considered in policy conversations, they are oftenreduced to their caregiving roles, marginalising thosewho do not fit this stereotype and exposing them toharsher penalties, stigma, and policy neglect, whichexacerbates their vulnerabilities and makes theirstruggles invisible.The global female prison populationis estimated to have increased by57 percent since 2000. The numberof women going to prison is growingat a faster rate than that of men.To address the criminalisation and imprisonmentof women, there is an urgent need to gain a moredetailed understanding of the causes. This reportpublished by Penal Reform International and WomenBeyond Walls, both members of the Global Campaignto Decriminalise Poverty and Status, examines someof the laws and practices across the world that, whilenot explicitly targeting women, disproportionatelycriminalise them due to poverty, their vulnerabilityand/or their status as a woman.Poverty is not gender-neutral, and women areoverrepresented amongst the poor, resulting in thecriminalisation of poverty having an excessive impacton women. The report also exposes how genderdiscrimination and patriarchal norms target women dueto their socially constructed status as women, with lawsand practices that disproportionately or differentlyimpact them due to their gender, such as restrictionson reproductive rights or sexuality.Full references for the findings and data in this executivesummary can be found in the report.05Penal Reform International and Women Beyond WallsFrom poverty to punishment: Executive summaryFindingsLaws and policies criminalise women for life-sustaining activitiesand acts of survivalIn all regions, women in situations of poverty andvulnerability are being criminalised for actions takento sustain themselves and their families.Petty theftMost countries criminalise petty theft (the act ofstealing something of little value) under gender-neutrallegislation. Yet, women, who are overrepresented amongthe poor and as primary caregivers for children or otherfamily members, face disproportionate criminalisationand sometimes imprisonment as a result. For example,in England and Wales, shoplifting – or ‘theft from shops’– accounted for 40 percent of women’s prison sentencesof less than six months in 2023, compared to just22 percent of men’s. This report highlights similar trendsin countries such as Sierra Leone, Chile, and Japan.BeggingSeveral countries retain or have introduced laws thatcriminalise begging, including Denmark, Ireland,Serbia, and Thailand. Women who live in marginalisedcommunities and/or are discriminated against basedon their ethnicity are more likely to resort to beggingto survive economically and, therefore, are particularlyat risk of criminalisation under such laws. In Uzbekistan,out of the 5,000 people punished for begging under a2018 law, 4,000 were women.The informal economyWorking in the informal economy puts women atheightened risk of criminalisation, as authorities usevarious laws to criminalise this type of work – despiteit being a means of survival for many women supportingtheir families. Women are overrepresented in theinformal sector, particularly in low- and [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Gender [4] => Intellectual Disability [5] => Legal Representation [6] => Mental Illness [7] => Murder Victims' Families [8] => Trend Towards Abolition [9] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => ) [84] => Array ( [objectID] => 28263 [title] => Handpicked :The Godden Matanga story: Miracle on death [timestamp] => 1742169600 [date] => 17/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/handpicked-the-godden-matanga-story-miracle-on-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Godden Matanga had done the unthinkable, earning him the label of society's scum. Shunned by the world, he was considered an outcast. His life was once defined by a fateful act of murder, which led to a death sentence. But mercy found him in that death row cell, rewrote the story of his life, and walked with him out of the prison gates to freedom.Outside the prison, Godden faced an uncertain world with mixed feelings about him. Could a man who had taken a life ever truly reclaim his own?This powerful story of mercy and second chances explores God’s persistent love and merciful pursuit—a journey of redemption and the freedom that comes with forgiveness. [texte] => Handpicked :The Godden Matanga story: Miracle on death row Broché – 17 mars 2025Édition en Anglais de Ndakaiteyi Magunda-Siriya (Auteur)Voir tous les formats et éditionsHandpicked-True story of Godden MatangaGodden Matanga had done the unthinkable, earning him the label of society's scum. Shunned by the world, he was considered an outcast. His life was once defined by a fateful act of murder, which led to a death sentence. But mercy found him in that death row cell, rewrote the story of his life, and walked with him out of the prison gates to freedom.Outside the prison, Godden faced an uncertain world with mixed feelings about him. Could a man who had taken a life ever truly reclaim his own?This powerful story of mercy and second chances explores God’s persistent love and merciful pursuit—a journey of redemption and the freedom that comes with forgiveness.En lire moins Signaler un problème avec ce produit Nombre de pages de l'édition imprimée 121 pages Langue Anglai [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.fr/Handpicked-Godden-Matanga-story-Miracle/dp/1779345615 ) [85] => Array ( [objectID] => 27737 [title] => Abolitionist advocacy at the 90th session and 92nd pre-session of the CEDAW Committee [timestamp] => 1741910400 [date] => 14/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-advocacy-at-the-90th-session-and-92nd-pre-session-of-the-cedaw-committee/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/CEDAW-89-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) actively engaged in advocacy during the 90th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), held in Geneva from February 3 to 21, 2025, to highlight gender-based discrimination in the application of the death penalty in Sri Lanka. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) actively engaged in advocacy during the 90th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), held in Geneva from February 3 to 21, 2025, to highlight gender-based discrimination in the application of the death penalty in Sri Lanka. (more…) "Abolitionist advocacy at the 90th session and 92nd pre-session of the CEDAW Committee" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq [1] => Kenya [2] => Qatar [3] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [86] => Array ( [objectID] => 27721 [title] => Responsible Business Initiative for Justice (RBIJ) [timestamp] => 1741824000 [date] => 13/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/responsible-business-initiative-for-justice-rbij/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/RBIJ_icon_2019_blu.jpg [extrait] => “We work by reforming justice systems through helping businesses use their leverage to move critical criminal justice reform initiatives in partnership with local leaders, restoring communities through working with businesses to ensure systemic change is translated into real-life impact for justice-involved individuals, and reframing narratives through building and entrenching the narrative that fair and equal […] [texte] => "We work by reforming justice systems through helping businesses use their leverage to move critical criminal justice reform initiatives in partnership with local leaders, restoring communities through working with businesses to ensure systemic change is translated into real-life impact for justice-involved individuals, and reframing narratives through building and entrenching the narrative that fair and equal systems of justice are good for business." [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [87] => Array ( [objectID] => 27800 [title] => World Day Against The Death Penalty – 2024 Report [timestamp] => 1741824000 [date] => 13/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2024 Report of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty presents an overview of actions against capital punishment under the theme “The death penalty protects no one”. The report adopts a concise format, offering a clear and impactfuloverview of the mobilizations. [texte] => Table of Contents 3INTRODUCTION4Events organized by World Coalitionmembers and allies on October 105Visibility and Impact of World Day onSocial Media and in the Media6Mobilization of Allied Actors7Lessons learned and guidance for YearTwo8CONCLUSION9APPENDICESWorld Day 2024INTRODUCTIONOn October 10, 2024, the 22nd World Day Against the Death Penalty was heldunder the theme "The Death Penalty Protects No One." This theme aimed todismantle a persistent myth: the belief that capital punishment ensures the safetyof individuals and communities. In reality, research shows that the death penaltydoes not deter crime and can exacerbate cycles of violence and social injustice,disproportionately targeting marginalized populations.Since 2022, the members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WorldCoalition) have decided to follow the same theme over a two-year period to ensurebroader ownership of the theme and encourage the implementation of impactfulaction. Following this cyclical approach, the World Coalition has established a newtwo-year reporting cycle, featuring a preliminary report in the first year and acomprehensive report in the second.The 2024 report adopts a concise format, providing a clear and impactful overviewof the mobilizations. In 2025, a more comprehensive report will build on thisfoundation, showcasing best practices and evaluating the impact of twoconsecutive years of efforts.3Data collection methodologyThis report is based on data gathered through a questionnaire distributed toWorld Coalition members, media and social media analysis using the onlinemonitoring tool TalkWalker, and online tracking of World Day activitiesconducted by the World Coalition Secretariat.A total of 411 events* were organized worldwide by abolitionnist stakeholders forthe 2024 World Day Against the Death Penalty, reflecting an impressive level ofglobal mobilization by members and allies. This figure is based on reportedactivities, though the actual number may be higher as not all events were formallyshared with the World Coalition Secretariat.EVENTS ORGANIZED BY WORLD COALITION MEMBERSAND ALLIES ON OCTOBER 10Europe34%Americas18%Sub-Saharan Africa17%Asia17%MENA12%Oceania2%Social Media29%Media22%Educational18%Political16%Traditional11%Cultural4%4Social media campaigns made up29% of recorded events, followed bytraditionnal media activities (22%),educational initiatives (18%), politicalevents (16%), traditional events(11%), and cultural events (4%),showcasing the diverse strategiesused to engage audiences globally.The geographical breakdown reflectsour global commitment: 34% ofevents took place in Europe, 18% inthe Americas, 17% in sub-SaharanAfrica, 17% in Asia, 12% in the MENAregion and 2% in Oceania.*A detailed table listing all the events implemented in 2024, identified by the World Coalition, is available on request.VISIBILITY AND IMPACT OF WORLD DAY ON SOCIALMEDIA AND IN THE MEDIA*World Day media coverage was led by the United States(21.4%), followed by Taiwan (9.2%), France (8.1%), Italy(7.4%), and Morocco (4.9%).English was the most common language of mediacoverage (27.5%), followed by Chinese (10.8%), French(10.7%), Spanish (10.2%), and Arabic (9.3%).Media CoverageX (formerly Twitter) dominated the social media coveragewith 99.3% of World Day posts, followed by Instagram.The World Coalition’s instagram campaign (October 1–16,2024) achieved 10,000 views, 452 interactions, andbrought the account to 828 followers.Social Mediacoverage2.7KMEDIA PUBLICATIONSMENTIONING WORLD DAY7.1BSCOPE OF MEDIA CONTENTMENTIONING WORLD DAY20.2K62.3KSOCIAL MEDIA POSTSMENTIONING WORLD DAYUSES OF THE HASHTAG#STOPEXECUTIONSINIRAN374.4KPEOPLE POTENTIALLY REACHED BYSOCIAL MEDIA POSTS MENTIONINGWORLD DAY11.8KUSES OF THE HASHTAG#NODEATHPENALTY5*The analysis of the scale of World Day against the Death Penalty on the media and social media was carried out from October 1 to 13, 2025 toinclude analysis of the campaign run by the World Coalition in the 10 days leading up to the World Day.Human Rights Experts6MOBILIZATION OF ALLIED ACTORSThe Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rightsmarked the World Day with a global online campaign advocating for theuniversal abolition of the death penalty. It also published the article "TheDeath Penalty Does Not Lead to Justice" and issued a Twitter (X) statementfrom the United Nations (UN) High Commissioner for Human Rights callingfor moratoriums in retentionist countries.UN Special Rapporteurs, including Mai Sato, Morris Tidball-Binz, Mary Lawlor,Gina Romero, and Alice Jill Edwards issued issued a joint statementcondemning Iran’s surge in executions and urging accountability, amoratorium, and progress toward abolition of the death penalty.Ms Mai Sato, as The Human Rights Council’s Special Rapporteur on Iran,released a video addressing the rise in executions in Iran and urging an endto the practice.Political Leaders and InstitutionsThe European Union and the Council of Europe issued a joint statementreaffirming their opposition to the death penalty and celebrating progress inits abolition, widely shared by European embassies on social media.Abolitionist governments such as Canada, Belgium, France, and Costa Ricareiterated their commitment to a death penalty-free world through officialstatements and social media posts.The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) released apress statement emphasizing the need for African states to abolish the deathpenalty and addressing regional challenges.LESSONS LEARNED AND GUIDANCE FOR YEAR TWOInspiring Initiatives from the 2024 World DayCollaboration emerged as a recurring theme, with many organizations reportingsuccessful outcomes from joint initiatives. Events like webinars featuringspeakers from multiple countries amplified messages and shared diverseperspectives. At the same time, adapting the World Day theme to localcontexts helped ensure relevance and impact.Interactive formats also stood out as highly effective. Activities such as streetinterviews and community discussions successfully engaged audiences andsparked meaningful conversations.Social media remained a powerful tool for advocacy, enabling organizations toreach broader audiences. Sharing testimonials, infographics, and key statisticson platforms like Instagram and X generated strong engagement. Members ofthe World Coalition also emphasized the value of combining informative andinteractive content, particularly through quizzes to foster deeper engagementBased on the responses to the post-World Day 2024 questionnaire, several lessonsand insights emerged to guide actions for 2025.Across the world, members of the World Coalition found creative ways to engagethe public and challenge misconceptions about the death penalty. Here are a fewstandout initiatives from the 2024 World Day, which could inspire members fortheir actions in 2025.7Hope Behind Bars Africa – Street InterviewsConcept: Public street interviews with young Nigerians on whether the deathpenalty is a fair punishment.Objective: Gauge public perception and encourage dialogue on justice anddeterrence.https://x.com/hopebehindbar/status/1844690891375575502?mx=2CONCLUSIONThe 2024 World Day Against the Death Penalty highlighted, through diverseactions and compelling messages, the inefficacy of capital punishment inensuring safety and justice.This year’s experience emphasized the value of planning campaigns well inadvance and engaging partners and stakeholders early in the process. Sharingbest practices and experiences among members also serves as a powerful tool toinspire even more effective actions.Building on these lessons, the 2025 edition of World Day offers an opportunity tostrengthen advocacy efforts and expand global support for a future free from thedeath penalty.https://iranhr.net/en/articles/6986/The Advocates for Human Rights – Amicus Brief to the African CourtConcept: Hold a launch event to introduce an amicus brief to be submitted tothe African Court, debunking the deterrence myth under the African Charter.Objective: Provide legal tools to support strategic litigation against the deathpenalty in African countries.https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/International_Submissions/A/Index?id=534Concept: A continuous online broadcast as part of “No Death PenaltyTuesdays” to raise awareness of executions in Iran.Objective: Engage global audiences through storytelling, expert insights, andtestimonies from affected families.Iran Human Rights & Global Campaign to Stop Executions in Iran – 24-hourLivestream8 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2024-World-Day-Report-.pdf ) [88] => Array ( [objectID] => 27810 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2024 [timestamp] => 1741737600 [date] => 12/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2024 report provides updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international human rights and drug control standards. This report presents an analysis of key developments, with a focus on analysing and disseminating available figures and trends on drug-related executions and death sentences. [texte] => 1THE DEATH PENALTYFOR DRUG OFFENCES:GLOBAL OVERVIEW20241Harm Reduction International (HRI) envisions a worldin which drug policies uphold dignity, health and rights.We use data and advocacy to promote harm reductionand drug policy reform. We show how rights-based,evidence-informed responses to drugs contribute tohealthier, safer societies, and why investing in harmreduction makes sense.HRI is an NGO with Special Consultative Status with theEconomic and Social Council of the United Nations.The Death Penalty for Drug Offences:Global Overview 2024Giada Girelli, Marcela Jofré,Ajeng Larasati © Harm ReductionInternational, 2025ISBN: 978-1-915255-18-1Designed by Crispdesign based on anoriginal design by ESCOLAPublished by Harm ReductionInternationalTelephone: +44 (0)20 7324 3535E-mail: office@hri.globalWebsite: www.hri.globalThis document has been produced with the financial assistance of the EuropeanUnion. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of Harm ReductionInternational and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of theEuropean Union. This activity is part of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition,a civil society-led initiative aiming to amplify the voice and influence of the abolitionistmovement on a global scale with the support of the European Union under a FinancialFramework Partnership Agreement (FFPA).2ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis report would not be possible without data made available or shared byleading human rights organisations and individual experts and advocates, many ofwhom provided advice and assistance throughout the drafting process. We wouldspecifically like to thank the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran,the Afada Observatory, Ambika Satkunanathan, Amnesty International, the CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty (Philippines), Eleos Justice (Monash University), EuropeanSaudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR), HAYAT, Justice Project Pakistan, LBHMasyarakat, ODHIKAR, Project 39A, Reprieve and Transformative Justice Collective.Thanks are also owed to colleagues at Harm Reduction International for theirfeedback and support in preparing this report: Ailish Brennan, Anne Taiwo, CatherineCook, Cinzia Brentari, Colleen Daniels, Gaj Gurung, Lucy O’Hare, Maddie O’Hare,Marcela Tovar, Martina Moreira, Nitika Kakkar, Paola Rodríguez, Paulina Cortez Licona,Shaun Shelly, Suchitra Rajagopalan and Ugochi Egwu.Any errors are the sole responsibility of Harm Reduction International.3INTRODUCTIONHarm Reduction International (HRI) has monitored the use of the death penalty fordrug offences worldwide since our first groundbreaking publication on this issue in 2007.This report, our 14th on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates onlegislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment fordrug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international human rights and drugcontrol standards. The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2024 presentsan analysis of key developments, with a focus on analysing and disseminating availablefigures and trends on drug-related executions and death sentences. It consists of anoverview of each category of countries including case studies where relevant, as well assupplementary analysis of international and national policy developments.A dedicated section summarises the findings of HRI’s report, Gaining Ground:How states abolish or restrict application of the death penalty for drug offences, whichexplores how 17 countries have either abolished or limited the use of the death penaltyfor drug offences. This section reviews reform processes, identifies key actors and factors– social, political, cultural and economic – that have catalysed change towards abolition,and provides recommendations which can be of use to advocates in a time of exceptionalrecourse to the death penalty as a tool of drug control.HRI opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception.34METHODOLOGYDrug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences or drug-related crimes)are drug-related activities categorised as crimes under national laws. For the purposes ofthis report, this definition excludes activities that do not relate to the trafficking, possessionor use of controlled substances and related inchoate offences (inciting, assisting orabetting a drug-related crime).In the 34 countries that retain the death penalty for drug offences, capitalpunishment is typically applied for cultivating and manufacturing controlled substancesand for smuggling, trafficking or importing/exporting controlled substances. However,in some of these countries, the following drug offences may also be punishable by thedeath penalty (among others): possession, storing and hiding drugs, financing drugoffences, and inducing or coercing others into using drugs. For more information onthe drug offences punishable by death by jurisdiction, visit: https://hri.global/publications/deathpenaltydrugslegislation/.HRI’s research on the death penalty for drug offences excludes countries wheredrug offences are punishable with death only if they involve, or result in, intentional killing.For example, in Saint Lucia (not included in this report), the only drug-related offencepunishable by death is murder committed in connection with drug trafficking or other drugoffences.1The death penalty is reported as ‘mandatory’ when it is the only punishment thatcan be imposed following a conviction for at least certain categories of drug offences(without regarding the circumstances of the offence or the offender). Mandatory sentenceshamper judicial sentencing discretion. By international human rights standards, thismeans mandatory sentences are inherently arbitrary. 2The numbers that have been included in this report are drawn from andcrosschecked against official government reports (where available), state-run newsagencies, court judgments, non-governmental organisations’ (NGO) reports anddatabases, United Nations (UN) documents, media reports, scholarly articles, andcommunications with local activists and human rights advocates, organisations andgroups. Unless specified, the source for all figures and information provided in this reportis an internal HRI dataset on death sentences and executions for drug offences. Everyeffort has been taken to minimise inaccuracies, but there is always the potential for error.HRI welcomes information or additional data not included in this report.1. Article 86(1)(d)(vi), Criminal Code of Saint Lucia (Act 9 of 2004 in force from 1 January 2005).2. UN Human Rights Committee, (3 September 2019), ‘General Comment 36 on the Right to Life’, UN Doc. CCPR/C/GC/36, para 37, UN: New York; UNCommission on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, (22 December 2004), ‘Including the Questions of Disappearances and Summary Executions:Report of the Special Rapporteur, Philip Alston’, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2007/5, para. 63-4 and 80, UN: New York; UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, (22July 2024), ‘Annual report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention’ UN Doc. A/HRC/57/44, para 43-51, UN: New York.5Identifying current drug laws and controlled drugs schedules in some countriescan be challenging due to limited reporting and recording at the national level, in additionto language barriers. Some governments make their laws available on official websites;others do not. Where it was not possible for HRI to independently verify a specific law,the report relies on credible secondary sources.With respect to data on death row populations,3 death sentences and executions,the margin for error is even greater. In many countries, information about the use of thedeath penalty is shrouded in secrecy or opaque at best. For this reason, many of thefigures cited in this report cannot be considered comprehensive and instead must beconsidered as the minimum number of confirmed sentences, executions or individuals ondeath row; real numbers are higher, in some cases significantly so. Where information isincomplete, an attempt has been made to identify the gaps. In some cases, informationamong sources is discordant due to this lack of transparency. In these cases, HRI hasmade a judgement based on available evidence.When the symbol ‘+’ is used next to a number, it means this is the minimumconfirmed number, but credible reports suggest the actual figure is likely to be higher.Global and yearly figures are calculated by using the minimum confirmed figures.3. We acknowledge that there is no consensus regarding the definition of death row and that different authorities and organisations may collect datadifferently. The information provided by HRI in this report may include figures collected by countries and organisations according to different criteria.6CATEGORIESTo demonstrate the differences between law and practice among countrieswhere the death penalty can be applied for drug offences, HRI categorises countries intothe categories of ‘high application’, ‘low application’ or ‘symbolic application’. As moreinformation emerges or practice changes, countries are re-categorised.High Application States are those in whichany executions for drug offences werecarried out, or at least 10 drug-related deathsentences were imposed, per year in the pastfive years.Low Application States are those whereexecutions for drug offences have not beencarried out in the past five years, but deathsentences for drug offences have beenimposed during this period, although thenumber of death sentences does not meet the‘high application’ threshold.Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait and Yemen are among‘low application’ states because they haveimposed the death penalty for drug offencesin the past five years. Although they carriedout executions in 2024 these were not fordrug offences. The section below, therefore,only provides figures on death sentences anddeath row populations.Symbolic Application States are thosethat have the death penalty for drug offenceswithin the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [2] => Indonesia [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Iraq [5] => Malaysia [6] => Pakistan [7] => Saudi Arabia [8] => Singapore [9] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Gender [4] => Legal Representation [5] => Moratorium [6] => Trend Towards Abolition [7] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://hri.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/HRI-GlobalOverview-2024-FINAL.pdf ) [89] => Array ( [objectID] => 27670 [title] => Joint Statement on the Rights of Women and Gender Minorities Facing the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1741392000 [date] => 08/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-statement-on-the-rights-of-women-and-gender-minorities-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/statement-8th-march-2025-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On this International Women’s Day, and every day, we want to recognize and center the stories, voices, and expertise of women and gender minorities/gender diverse persons who languish behind bars in racist, classist, and patriarchal legal systems around the world. [texte] => On this International Women’s Day, and every day, we want to recognize and center the stories, voices, and expertise of women and gender minorities/gender diverse persons who languish behind bars in racist, classist, and patriarchal legal systems around the world. (more…) "Joint Statement on the Rights of Women and Gender Minorities Facing the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [90] => Array ( [objectID] => 27948 [title] => Operation Ndobo in the DRC From the Streets to the Death Row [timestamp] => 1741305600 [date] => 07/03/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/operation-ndobo-in-the-drc-from-the-streets-to-the-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report highlights ongoing human rights violations resulting from the controversial Operation 'Ndobo'. This operation, aimed at combating urban gangs, has resulted in mass arrests, arbitrary convictions, and severe conditions for vulnerable youth, with urgent action needed to prevent extrajudicial executions. [texte] => FROM THE STREETSTO THE DEATHROWFebruary 2025Operation Ndobo in the DRCReport summaryIntroductionRecommendationsTwo emblematic cases :Dieumerci and SamuelObjectives of the ReportHuman rights violationsCONTENTS0105030204P. 1P. 2P. 3P. 5P. 9DSince 2003, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) had maintained amoratorium on executions, a measure aimed at preserving the right to life. However,in March 2024, the government decided to lift this moratorium, justifying thedecision by the need to combat acts of treason within the army and to address theresurgence of urban crime.Thus, in December 2024, the Ministry of the Interior launched Operation "Ndobo"(meaning "fish hook" in Lingala) to eradicate the phenomenon of "Kulunas" (urbangangs). Officially, this operation is structured around three main pillars: therepression of criminals, their swift trial, and the social reintegration of repentantoffenders.Unfortunately, in practice, this operation, aimed at restoring public order and therule of law, has led to mass arrests and arbitrary convictions, with particularlysevere impacts on street youth, including minors, who have been arrested withoutdistinction between actual criminals and vulnerable, marginalized children.We must act urgently. While not all arrested young men have been sentenced todeath, many are detained in such precarious conditions that their transfer toprisons in remote areas amounts, in practice, to a death sentence. Deprived offood, clean water, and medical care, some will not survive their detention. The longerwe wait, the slimmer their chances of obtaining justice and being saved. Swiftaction is needed to prevent these arbitrary detentions from turning intoextrajudicial executions disguised by a failing judicial system.INTRODUCTIONIus Stella - February 20251© Ministry of JusticeWherever the deathpenalty is dispensed,barbarity prevails;wherever the deathpenalty is rare,civilisation reigns.OBJECTIVES OFTHE REPORTThis report aims to :1) Document violations of fundamentalrights and the right to a fair trial duringthe legal proceedings.2) Highlight the vulnerability of streetyouth, including minors, to arbitraryarrests and the death penalty.3) Make concrete recommendations forCongolese authorities and internationalorganizations.From the streets to the death rowVictor Hugo2In the DRC, being in the wrong place at the wrong time can be enough to turn a lifeupside down. Under Operation Ndobo, young people with no criminal records, whohad committed no crimes, were brutally arrested, stripped of their rights, andsentenced to heavy penalties following expedited procedures.Dieumerci and Samuel are two striking examples.TWO EMBLEMATICCASESIus Stella - February 2025Dieumerci is a 32-year-old chorister and brass playerin the Salvation Army. On Saturday, December 7, 2024,he was returning home from a late rehearsal for theChristmas festivities when he encountered a policejeep. Confident, he continued on his way, unaware thathis life was about to change in an instant.Suddenly, men in civilian clothes violently interceptedhim, stripped him of all his belongings, including hisidentification documents and phones, and forciblytook him away.Dieumerci Ndombasi KialaHis family, without news of him for several days, began to worry. It was only onDecember 12, 2024, that they learned of his transfer to the Lufungula military camp.There, Dieumerci was tried in just five days, without any legal assistance. OnDecember 18, 2024, despite his clean criminal record and testimonies from hiscommunity attesting to his innocence, he was sentenced to five years in prison.Three weeks later, his family recognized him in a video published by the Ministry ofJustice announcing the transfer of hundreds of convicts to the Angenga militaryprison, located deep in the equatorial forest. Angenga is infamous for its inhumanedetention conditions: deprivation of food, lack of clean water, and absence ofmedical care. Since his transfer in January 2025, neither his family nor his lawyershave been able to contact him. His lawyers have filed an appeal with the GombeMilitary Court, demanding his immediate return to Kinshasa.3Samuel is a 17-year-old orphan who haslived on the streets for several years. In 2021,he encountered the NGO "Les Anges Écoliers",which supports street children in Kinshasa. In2023, he joined their reintegration program,through which he attended literacy classesand began developing a professional projectwith the help of a social worker.On the night of January 12, 2025, whilesearching for a safe place to sleep, hecrossed paths with a police patrol that hadjust conducted a raid on presumed Kulunasin the neighborhood. The mere fact of beingalone outside at night was enough for thepolice to arrest him and accuse him of"vagrancy."SamuelSamuel was then taken away and transferred to the Lufungula military camp, wherehe was detained for 25 days.The authorities reclassified his offense as "terrorism" without any justification,significantly increasing the charges against him. Thanks to the support of the NGO“Les Anges Écoliers”, a lawyer took up his defense and pleaded his case before themilitary tribunal. While the Public Ministry had requested a 20-year prisonsentence, Samuel was ultimately acquitted and released on February 5, 2025.From the streets to the death row 4© Les Anges Ecoliers© Ministry of the InteriorHUMAN RIGHTSVIOLATIONSThe investigations conducted for this report reveal several flagrant and unacceptableviolations of the fundamental rights of young people arrested under OperationNdobo.These violations contravene the Congolese Constitution, international legalprinciples, and DRC's international human rights commitments.Trial of civilians by military courtsAll civilians arrested under Operation Ndobo were tried by militarycourts.This practice violates the Congolese Constitution and internationallegal principles, which stipulate that accused individuals must be triedby competent civilian courts.Lack of legal representationThe majority of the young men arrested did not have access to alawyer from their arrest to their conviction. This violation of the right todefense led to mass and arbitrary convictions, including deathsentences.Some accused were not even informed of the charges against thembefore their trial, placing them in an extremely vulnerable position.Language barrierTrials were conducted in French, a language not understood by most ofthe accused, who come from disadvantaged backgrounds and havehad no access to education.No interpreter was appointed to translate the judicial proceedings inLingala, preventing the accused from understanding the chargesagainst them and actively participating in their defense.Ius Stella - February 20255Conviction of minorsA particularly concerning aspect of the trials related to OperationNdobo is the conviction of presumed minors. Many arrested youth didnot possess birth certificates, a common issue in the DRC, where alarge portion of the population lacks civil status documents. This lack ofdocumentation placed them in a highly precarious legal situation,allowing authorities to manipulate their age and try them as adults.International law insists on the presumption of minority, according towhich, in case of doubt, a person must be considered a minor untilproven otherwise. Congolese law provides several measures toestablish the age of minors, prioritizing appropriate medicalexaminations and considering contextual elements and parents'testimonies. However, these legal safeguards were not respected inthese trials.In Samuel's trial, for example, the military tribunal ordered blood tests todetermine the age of the 17 presumed minors among the accused.These tests were conducted by a general officer who lacked therequired medical qualifications (no registration with the NationalCouncil of the Medical Order). Without precise nomenclature orinternational scientific recognition, these tests produced inaccurateand unreliable results. Of the 17 youths tested, only one was recognizedas a minor and referred to a juvenile court. All others were tried andconvicted as adults.From the streets to the death row 6© Les Anges Ecoliers© Les Anges EcoliersCollective convictions and lack of evidenceThe judgments rendered under Operation Ndobo are marked by acollective approach that denies the fundamental principle of individualresponsibility in criminal law. Groups of 30 to 50 people were convictedtogether, often receiving extremely heavy sentences for "terrorism" or"criminal association," without specific charges against each individualbeing detailed.Moreover, prosecutors often presented no material evidence to justifythese accusations. In the absence of credible testimonies or thoroughinvestigations, the judgments were based on vague and arbitraryaccusations, severely compromising the right to a fair trial.Hasty transfer to Angenga military prisonShortly after their conviction, hundreds of detainees were transferred tothe Angenga military prison, located thousands of kilometers fromKinshasa, before they could exercise their right to appeal.This brutal transfer had several serious consequences:Violation of the right to an effective remedy, as detainees were cutoff from their lawyers.Extreme isolation, preventing families from visiting or providing foodand care.Inhumane detention conditions, exacerbating the physical andmental suffering of detainees.Ius Stella - February 20257© Ministry of JusticeInhumane and degrading detention conditionsTestimonies collected reveal extremely precarious detention conditionsin both the Lufungula military camp and Angenga prison.Extreme overcrowding: In some cells, up to 40 people are crammedtogether, having to sleep on top of one another due to lack of space.Lack of food and clean water: No official food rations are provided.Detainees must rely on outside visits to survive. Those without familyor external support are left to their fate.Malnutrition and disease: Several deaths in detention ha [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Juveniles [4] => Legal Representation [5] => Moratorium [6] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://dpic-cdn.org/production/documents/Ius-Stella-Feb-2025-Report.pdf?dm=1741366319 ) [91] => Array ( [objectID] => 27608 [title] => Wild flaws in judicial systems leading to death sentences: Iraq and Singapore [timestamp] => 1740355200 [date] => 24/02/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/wild-flaws-in-judicial-systems-leading-to-death-sentences-iraq-and-singapore/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Following Human Rights Watch’s World Report 2025, the World Coalition examines the death penalty in Iraq and Singapore, highlighting how judicial flaws undermine individuals’ fundamental rights. [texte] => Following Human Rights Watch's World Report 2025, the World Coalition examines the death penalty in Iraq and Singapore, highlighting how judicial flaws undermine individuals' fundamental rights. (more…) "Wild flaws in judicial systems leading to death sentences: Iraq and Singapore" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq [1] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [92] => Array ( [objectID] => 28071 [title] => Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran 2024 [timestamp] => 1740009600 [date] => 20/02/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Report provides an in-depth analysis of death penalty trends in Iran 2024. It covers execution statistics, legislative frameworks, and the abolitionist movement, offering insights on how the international community can help reduce executions. [texte] => ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTYIN IRAN 2024ANNUALREPORTON THEDEATHPENALTYIN IRAN20242ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2024Cover photo: Executed protester Mohsen Shekari’s mother holds a sign at his gravein Tehran that reads: “We support the prisoners’ No Death Penalty Tuesdays strikes,#NoDeathPenalty”Back photo: Public hanging of Mohammad Ali Salamat in a Hamadan city park on12 November 2024.This report was prepared by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) with thesupport of ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). Since 2012,IHRNGO1 and ECPM2 have been working together on the publication,international release and circulation of annual reports on the deathpenalty in Iran.Layout: Olivier Dechaud (ECPM)Printing: Imprim’ad hoc© IHRNGO, ECPM, 2025ISBN : 978-2-491354-32-9ISSN : 2966-80931 http://iranhr.net/en/2 http://www.ecpm.org/en/3ANNUALREPORTON THEDEATHPENALTYIN IRAN20244ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2024TABLE OF CONTENTS6 Glossary7 FOREWORD BY JAVAID REHMAN10 PREFACE11 2024 ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE12 INTRODUCTION16 SOURCES17 FACTS AND FIGURES19 THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC’S POWER STRUCTURE AND THE DEATH PENALTY20 The Supreme Leader21 The Judiciary22 The Legislature23 The Executive25 Number of executions per presidential term25 Average Monthly Executions Per President26 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK26 International treaties31 Iranian law37 Anti-Narcotics Law39 PROCEDURES39 From arrest to proof of guilt50 EXECUTIONS IN PRACTICE50 Charges51 Executions for moharebeh, baghy and efsad-fil-arz in 202453 Executions related to protests in 202456 Executions for rape and sexual assault in 202457 Executions for drug-related charges in 202464 Executions for murder charges (Qisas) in 202472 SHARE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY AND CRIMINAL COURTS IN 2024 EXECUTIONS74 PUBLIC EXECUTIONS75 Executed in Public in 2024577 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF EXECUTIONS79 Secret and unannounced executions80 Documentation of unannounced executions82 Geographic distribution of announcedand unannounced/secret executions83 EXECUTION CATEGORIES83 Child offenders88 Women91 Psychosocial and intellectual disabilities93 Ethnic minorities96 Foreign citizens98 Dual nationals100 WAYS TO RESTRICT THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN100 Sustained domestic campaigning and international pressure103 CATEGORIES OF THE DEATH PENALTYWITH THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVEMENT103 Child offender executions103 Public executions104 Qisas106 MOVEMENTS PROMOTING ABOLITIONAND MOBILISING CIVIL SOCIETY INSIDE IRAN107 No Death Penalty Tuesdays109 FORGIVENESS MOVEMENT111 REPRESSION OF ABOLITIONIST ACTIVISTS114 RECOMMENDATIONS117 ANNEXES117 ANNEX 1: Executions Per Capita in Each Province118 ANNEX 2: List of resolutions and reports adoptedby the United Nations and European Parliament,mentioning the death penalty in Iran122 ANNEX 3: Extract from the Detailed findingsof the independent international fact-finding missionon the Islamic Republic of Iran, A/HRC/55/CRP.1, 2024123 ANNEX 4: Analysis of the UPR recommendationson the death penalty in the last three cycles124 ANNEX 5: At risk of execution6ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2024GLOSSARYBaghy Armed rebellion against the stateDiya Blood moneyEfsad-fil-arz Corruption on EarthElm-e-qazi Knowledge of the judgeErtedad ApostasyEstizan Authorisation required by the Headof Judiciary for qisas executionsFiqh Islamic jurisprudenceHadd (pl. hudud) Fixed punishment for offences mandatedby ShariaLavat SodomyMoharebeh Enmity against GodMosahegheh Lesbian sexQadf False accusations of sodomy or adulteryQassameh Sworn oathQisas Retribution-in-kindSabol-nabi Insulting the prophetSharia Islamic lawTa’zir Punishment for offences at the discretionof the judgeTafkhiz Intercrural sexZena Extramarital sexZenaye Mohseneh Adultery7FOREWORD BY JAVAID REHMANProfessor, Formerly UnitedNations Special Rapporteuron the situation of humanrights in the Islamic Republicof IranI am greatly honoured to have served for a full and maximum termas the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights in the Islamic Republic of Iran between July 2018 – July 2024.Throughout my mandate, I expressed grave concerns at the arbitrarydeprivation of life and also expressed alarm and shock at the summary,arbitrary, and extra-judicial executions of tens of thousands of politicalopponents of the regime ever since the inception of the IslamicRepublic of Iran in 1979. In my final detailed findings, I documentedthe summary, arbitrary and extra-judicial executions of thousands ofarbitrarily imprisoned political opponents, amounting to the crimesagainst humanity of murder and extermination, as well as genocidebetween 1979–1988. 3 These executions included those of women,some of them reportedly raped before their executions, and a verylarge number of children. In my findings I highlighted the tragedy of the1988 Massacre, which resulted in the mass murder, summary, arbitraryand extra-judicial executions as well as enforced disappearances ofthousands of political prisoners between July–September 1988. Inlight of the evidence presented to me, I take the view that “atrocitycrimes” of crimes against humanity and genocide were committed bythe Iranian regime against members of the political opposition in 1988.4The targeting of political prisoners and their arbitrary deprivation of lifehas continued: six men are at a serious risk of execution after extremelyunfair trials. As reported by Amnesty International “In October 2024,Branch 26 of the Revolutionary Court of Tehran convicted them of‘armed rebellion against the state’ (baghy) and sentenced them to3 UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran,Javaid Rehman, “Atrocity Crimes” and grave violations of human rights committed by theIslamic Republic of Iran (1981–1982 and 1988): Detailed findings, 17 July 2024, https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/iran/20240717-SR-Iran-Findings.pdf4 Ibid.8ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2024death following a grossly unfair trial marred by allegations of tortureand other ill-treatment to extract forced ‘confessions’.”5The practice of executions goes beyond those convicted of politicaland national security crimes. In fact, there are at least 80 offenceswhich carry the death penalty in the Islamic Republic of Iran rangingfrom qisas (retribution in kind) to “offences” such as adultery,homosexuality, apostasy and blasphemy, drug related offences aswell as the various national security offences. By not restrictingdeath penalty to the “most serious crimes”, Iranian authoritiesviolate the right to life as provided in Article 6(2) of the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)6 to which the IslamicRepublic of Iran is a state party. According to the Human RightsCommittee – which oversees the implementation of the ICCPR –“the term ‘the most serious crimes’ must be read restrictively andappertain only to crimes of extreme gravity, involving intentionalkilling. Crimes not resulting directly and intentionally in death, suchas attempted murder, corruption and other economic and politicalcrimes, armed robbery, piracy, abduction, drug and sexual offences,although serious in nature, can never serve as the basis, within theframework of Article 6, for the imposition of the death penalty”. 7As one of the highest executioners in the world, the Islamic Republicof Iran executes individuals in violation of international humanrights law, including by violating the right of the accused to a fairtrial; through the implementation of the sentence in a mannerthat constitutes torture, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment,and by expressly targeting arbitrarily and disproportionately Iran’sethnic, linguistic and religious minorities. During my mandate asthe Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in the IslamicRepublic of Iran, I took the view that almost all of the executionsin Iran represented arbitrary deprivation of the right to life and incomplete violation of international law.The available figures for the executions that took place in 2024are extremely shocking and alarming: it is reported that last year,at least 975 persons were executed, compared to 834 executions in2023.8 It is also enormously worrying to note that in 2024, over 50%5 Amnesty International, Iran: Six Men at Risk of Execution After Grossly Unfair Trial,23 January 2025, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/8965/2025/en/6 New York, 16 December 1966 United Nations, 999 U.N.T.S. 171; 6 I.L.M. (1967) 368.7 UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 36, Article 6: right to life,3 September 2019, CCPR/C/GC/36, para. 35.8 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, 2024, https://iranhr.net/en/reports/42/; UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the IslamicRepublic of Iran, Javaid Rehman, Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran,9 February 2024, A/HRC/55/62, https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g24/012/59/pdf/g2401259.pdf, para. 8.9of those executed were reportedly for drug-related offences.9 TheIranian regime is reportedly the highest executioner of women in theworld and – completely contrary to the Country’s own obligationswithin international law – child offenders are executed every year.At least one child was executed in 2024. 10 The discriminatory anddisproportionate nature of executions was tragically reflected in theexecutions of Baluch and Kurdish minorities.The death penalty is weaponised and instrumentalised againstpeople who are vulnerable and weak, typically from marginalisedcommunities. For pragmatists and human rights defenders, thedangers of arbitrariness, the unfairness of implementation in thecriminal justice system and the overall ineffectiveness of the deathpenalty far outweigh any suggested justifications in support of thispunishment. The imposition of the death penalty neither servesjustice, nor – as overwhelming evidence establishes – does it makesocieties safer.The death penal [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [2] => Drug Offenses [3] => Fair Trial [4] => Gender [5] => Intellectual Disability [6] => Juveniles [7] => Legal Representation [8] => Mental Illness [9] => Murder Victims' Families [10] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran_2024-WEB.pdf ) [93] => Array ( [objectID] => 27598 [title] => The Death Penalty in Syrian Law and Its Exploitation by the Assad Regime to Eliminate Dissidents [timestamp] => 1739491200 [date] => 14/02/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-syrian-law-and-its-exploitation-by-the-assad-regime-to-eliminate-dissidents/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report sheds light on the Assad regime’s use of the death penalty as an instrument of political repression from the outbreak of the popular uprising in 2011 up until the Assad regime’s downfall on December 8, 2024. In pursuit of this policy, the death penalty was no longer restricted to criminal offenses but became a tool used by the Assad regime to terrorize society, consolidate the regime’s security grip, and eliminate dissidents without fair trials. [texte] => The Death Penalty in Syrian Lawand Its Exploitation by the AssadRegime to Eliminate DissidentsTens of Thousands of Syrians ExecutedWithout Fair TrialFriday 14 February 2025Contents:I. Introduction and Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1II. Overview of the Legal Framework for the Death Penalty in Syria ...................................................................................................... 5III. Courts With the Power to Issue and Implement Death Sentences ................................................................................................. 8IV. The Executive Authority’s Control Over the Death Penalty and Hegemony Over the Special Clemency Committee . 25V. Amnesty Decrees Issued Since 2011 And the Exclusion of Death Sentences Issued Through Summary Procedures .. 29VI. Minors Detained then Executed Once They Reached the Age of 18 ................................................................................................ 31VII. Sednaya Prison: The Infamous Center for Mass Executions of Syrian Dissidents .................................................................... 32VIII. Victims Who Were Field-Executed Based on Sentences by the Counterterrorism Court and Military Field Courts 35IX. Overview of the Anti-Death Penalty International Legal Framework............................................................................................... 41X. Most Prominent Assad Regime Figures Implicated in Implementing Death Sentences ........................................................... 45XI. Legal Liability on those Implicated in Carrying Out Executions Based on Summary Procedures ....................................... 50XII. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................................ 53Acknowledgement and Solidarity ........................................................................................................................................................................... 56R250207The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), founded inJune 2011, is a non-governmental, independent group thatis considered a primary source for the OHCHR on all deathtoll-related analyses in Syria.The Death Penalty in Syrian Law and Its Exploitationby the Assad Regime to Eliminate Dissidents1I. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGYThe death penalty is one of the most controversial legal instruments in the legalarsenal. Its proponents1 view it as an effective means of deterrence and justice,especially for serious crimes that threaten societal security. Conversely, its opponents 2consider it a violation of human rights, warning that it may be used against innocentindividuals subjected to unfair trials, particularly in authoritarian states that use it as aninstrument of political repression. Although international law permits the impositionof the death penalty in cases of grave crimes such as premeditated murder, humanrights organizations, most notably Amnesty International, assert that this punishmentcontradicts fundamental human rights principles, particularly the right to life and theprohibition of torture or cruel and inhuman treatment, both of which are guaranteedunder the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.According to an Amnesty International report issued on May 29, 2024, which focusedon the subject of death sentences and executions in 2023, a total of 144 countries hadlegally abolished the death penalty or ceased its implementation, while 55 countries,including Syria, continued to enforce it. The death penalty has been part of the Syrianlegal system for decades, having been incorporated into several key laws, such as thePenal Code and military laws. It is applied to crimes deemed extremely serious, suchas premeditated murder, espionage, terrorism, and treason.With the outbreak of popular uprisings in 2011, the death penalty was no longerrestricted to criminal offenses but became a tool used by the Assad regime to eliminateopponents, consolidate its security grip, and instill fear in society. This report examinesthe Assad regime’s violations of both domestic and international laws by exploitingthe death penalty as a means of political repression. In that, the death sentence wasused systematically against arbitrarily detained and forcibly disappeared persons. Thereport also provides detailed evidence of detainees being subjected to torture toextract forced confessions, then being subjected to secret trials held before militaryand exceptional courts which lacked the most basic legal standards, where deathsentences were handed down in swift, closed-door sessions.1. Common pro-death penalty arguments:• The death penalty is not a form of revenge. It ensures equality and justice, being a form of retributive justice, especially in cases of preme-diated murder.• The death penalty is a legitimate resolution because the punishment should fit the crime.• The death penalty achieves a goal that societies have always sought, which is deterrence.• The possibility of making mistakes in the death penalty is no different than that in other penalties for crimes. Furthermore, lawgivers legaliz-ing the death penalty is a wholly different matter than judges wrongly evaluating evidence.• Historically, the death penalty has been an effective deterrent in reducing crime rates.2. Common anti-death penalty arguments:• It is an expression of revenge. Today’s civilized criminology and punitive sciences should have developed and moved past the idea of re-venge which does not bode well for civilization and human development. The death penalty also conflicts with the objectives of modernpunitive norms that focus on reforming and rehabilitating criminals.• The death penalty conflicts with the principles of justice, since it does not consider the differences between one criminal and another.• The death penalty is irreversible. This is problematic in cases when new evidence emerges proving that a previously executed detainee wasindeed innocent, or a court misevaluated the evidence against them.• The death penalty is not based on an ethnically sound foundation, since no one has the right to deprive another human being of their rightto life.• The death penalty has no positive impact.The Death Penalty in Syrian Law and Its Exploitationby the Assad Regime to Eliminate Dissidents2The report focuses on the courts utilized by the Assad regime to issue deathsentences, primarily the Military Field Court, established on August 17, 1968, andthe Counterterrorism Court, which the Assad regime created in 2012 followingthe start of the uprising. These courts were entirely controlled by the executiveauthority. In other words, they completely lacked any independence in any senseof the word. Defendants appearing before them were deprived of fundamentalrights, such as the right to legal representation, self-defense, appeal, and public trialguarantees. Additionally, death sentences were carried out in complete secrecy,without notifying the defendants’ families or returning their loved ones’ bodies tothem following execution, all of which constituted further flagrant violations of fairtrial guarantees as stipulated in Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil andPolitical Rights (ICCPR).The report also addresses the role of the Assad regime’s regular and military criminalcourts in issuing death sentences against arbitrarily detained individuals, as casespreviously handled by the Military Field Court were transferred to them followingits abolition under Legislative Decree No. 32 of 2023. As the Syrian Network forHuman Rights’ (SNHR) database attests, the Assad regime exploited all these courtsto hold detainees who were minors at the time of their arrest, and to immediatelyexecute them upon their reaching the age of eighteen.Furthermore, the report highlights the international legal framework governingthe death penalty, emphasizing the legal accountability under international lawof individuals involved in issuing and carrying out summary executions. SNHR’sdatabase contains detailed information on thousands of individuals involved ingrave violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law in Syria,including the unlawful execution of political opponents. Among these individuals arethe deposed president Bashar Assad and all Assad regime defense ministers since2011, as well as regime officers who held positions of power at the Military FieldCourt and the Counterterrorism Court, and the head of Sednaya Military Prison. Thereport also contains a section providing details of the most prominent victims ofthe Assad regime’s summary executions.The report concludes that the death penalty in Syria has not served as a tool forjustice but has instead been brutally used as a means of retaliation to eliminatepolitical opponents. The executive authority bears the primary responsibility forissuing and enforcing these sentences, given its absolute dominance over both thejudiciary and the legislature in the country. Additionally, throughout the decadesof the Assads’ rule, the head of the Assad regime wielded absolute power overThe Death Penalty in Syrian Law and Its Exploitationby the Assad Regime to Eliminate Dissidents3approving death sentences issued by the regular criminal court, including theauthority to appoint members of the special clemency committee and to make thefinal decision on whether to approve or reject any execution ruling. The President’spowers also include ratifying death sentences handed down by Military Field Courts,in accordance with Article 89 of the Military Penal Code and Military ProceduralLaw, in addition to his direct responsibility for supervising the implementation ofsentences issued by the Military Field Court and the Counterterrorism [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Syrian Arab Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Juveniles [3] => Mental Illness [4] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/R250207E.pdf ) [94] => Array ( [objectID] => 27221 [title] => Georgians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty (GFADP) [timestamp] => 1738281600 [date] => 31/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/georgians-for-alternatives-to-the-death-penalty-gfadp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/GFADP-logo.png [extrait] => Georgians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty (GFADP) works to end the death penalty and capital punishment in Georgia, the USA, and around the world. We are a strong, diverse, grassroots, statewide movement which opposes individual executions; supports legislative initiatives aimed at reducing the application of the death penalty until it is ultimately abolished; protects […] [texte] => Georgians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty (GFADP) works to end the death penalty and capital punishment in Georgia, the USA, and around the world. We are a strong, diverse, grassroots, statewide movement which opposes individual executions; supports legislative initiatives aimed at reducing the application of the death penalty until it is ultimately abolished; protects the humanity of individuals on death row; educates our fellow Georgians about the death penalty; and provides concrete action steps for individuals and groups. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [95] => Array ( [objectID] => 27205 [title] => Human Rights Office [timestamp] => 1738281600 [date] => 31/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-office/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/logo-HRO.png [extrait] => Human Rights Office of Kandy Diocese is a catholic organization established in 2008. The HRO campaign to establish the Rule of Law by taking up individual cases of victims of Torture, rape, gender based violence, domestic violence, families of the disappeared and of the prisoners. HRO provide victims “Holistic” assistance – which includes: security, protection, […] [texte] => Human Rights Office of Kandy Diocese is a catholic organization established in 2008. The HRO campaign to establish the Rule of Law by taking up individual cases of victims of Torture, rape, gender based violence, domestic violence, families of the disappeared and of the prisoners. HRO provide victims “Holistic” assistance - which includes: security, protection, legal, medical, psychological and educational assistance and journey with the victims and their families until the victims are integrated to the society.The organization campaign and lobby for Judicial reforms.Human Rights Office works with prisoners and families of the Prisoners and conduct " Healing Art Therapy" classes every week in Prisons and monitor prisons to ensure basic minimum standards in Prisons. HRO also campaign against the death penalty as part of its advocacy. These campaigns against capital punishment aim to raise awareness among members of the government and the public in Sri Lanka about the abolition of this punishment. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [96] => Array ( [objectID] => 27597 [title] => Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report 2024 [timestamp] => 1738281600 [date] => 31/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This annual publication presents changes in the death row population as well as political and legal developments in the administration of the death penalty in India each year. The statistics are compiled through a combination of data mining of court websites, media monitoring and Right to Information applications. [texte] => ANNUALSTATISTICSREPORT2024DEATH PENALTYIN INDIA1PUBLISHED BYProject 39ANational Law University, DelhiSector 14, DwarkaNew Delhi 110078Published in January 2025National Law University, DelhiAll rights reservedSUPERVISIONNeetika VishwanathWRITINGLakshmi MenonRESEARCH ASSISTANCERehan Mathur (National Law University, Delhi)DESIGNDiagrammerLIST OFCONTRIBUTORSGLOSSARY OFTERMS BNSS Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023BNS Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023BSA Bharatiya Sakshya AdhiniyamCrPC Criminal Procedure Code, 1973IEA Indian Evidence Act, 1872IPC Indian Penal Code, 1860LWORLife imprisonment without the possibility of releasethrough state remission, either for a fixed term or forthe whole life2INDEXList of Contributors 1Glossary of Terms 1Foreword 4Overview of Developments in 2024 6Prisoners on Death Row 9State-Wise Distribution of Persons on Death Row 10Duration on Death Row 11Death Penalty Cases 2024 12Sessions Courts in 2024 13State-Wise Distribution of Death SentencesImposed by Sessions Courts 14Nature of Offence for Those Sentenced toDeath by Sessions Courts in 2024 16Death Penalty in Cases of Sexual Offences 18Duration Between Conviction And Sentencing inSessions Court Death Penalty Cases 20Sentencing Material 23High Courts In 2024 24Nature of Offence at the High Courts 263Sentences upon Commutation 28Nature of Offence in Commuting Sentencesat the High Court 30Disposal of Death Penalty Cases By High Courts 32High Court Acquittals in 2024 34High Court Commutations in 2024 41High Court Confirmations in 2024 60High Court Remitted Cases in 2024 63Supreme Court in 2024 64Nature of Offence at the Supreme Court in 2024 66Supreme Court Sentences Imposed UponCommutation of Death Sentence in 2024 68Supreme Court Commutations in 2024 70Supreme Court Acquittals in 2024 76Developments in the Law 77International Developments 81Final Observations 83Corrections to Annual Statistics 854FOREWORDThis is the ninth edition of the Death Penalty in India: AnnualStatistics Report published by Project 39A at National LawUniversity, Delhi.2024 saw the highest number of people living under a sentence ofdeath since the turn of this century, with 564 prisoners on deathrow at the end of the year. This reflects a continuing and unabatedincrease in the death row population, with a 41% increase sincethe compilation of the Annual Statistics report in 2016. Trial courtscontributed to these high figures by imposing 139 death sentencesin 2024. Notably, however, all except 4 death sentences wereimposed without compliance to the Supreme Court’s guidelines ondeath penalty sentencing laid down in Manoj v. State of MadhyaPradesh in May 2022.Significantly, the year also witnessed an increase in confirmationof death sentences at the High Court level, even as the SupremeCourt did not confirm a single death sentence for the secondconsecutive year. High Courts disposed of death penalty caseswithout seeking reports pertaining to the accused’s mental health,life circumstances and jail conduct in all but 12 cases involving 18prisoners. In contrast, the Supreme Court continued to elicit suchreports in its death penalty decisions - a trend that has persistedsince 2021. These trends reflect a divergence betweendecisionmaking in death penalty cases between the High Courtsand the Supreme Court this year.In death penalty commutations since 2016, appellate courts haveincreasingly imposed life imprisonment without the possibility ofrelease through remission (LWOR) when commuting deathsentences. The High Courts imposed LWOR for 61.14% of prisonerswhose death sentences were commuted, while the Supreme Courtimposed the same for 3 out of 4 prisoners. The majority of LWORsentences were imposed in sexual offence cases at the HighCourt, indicating the sway that this category of offence holds indeath penalty decisions.FOREWORD5This report follows the same methodology as previous years. Werelied on news reports to gather information and updates ondeath sentences, which were then verified using the e-courtsplatforms of trial courts and appellate courts. Since 2023, we alsotrack and analyse trial court judgments to assess their compliancewith the Supreme Court’s decision in Manoj v. State of MadhyaPradesh (2022) that directed trial courts to call for and considerrelevant materials while deciding the sentence.We would like to thank Rehan Mathur (Year IV, National LawUniversity Delhi) for his valuable efforts in compiling and verifyingthe data for this report.This report would not have been possible without the efforts ofVarsha Sharma, Pritam Raman Giriya and Ashna Devaprasad whowere instrumental in developing the original directory anddatabase on the death penalty in India. Lubhyathi Rangarajan,Peter John, Poornima Rajeshwar, Rahul Raman, NeetikaVishwanath, Preeti Pratishruti Dash, Gale Andrew, AishwaryaMohanty, Hrishika Jain, Adrĳa Ghosh and Snehal Dhote haveplayed key roles in developing previous editions of this report.6At the end of 2024, 564 people were living under a sentence ofdeath in India. This marks the highest number of people on deathrow since the turn of this century.1 These figures denote a steadygrowth in the death row population that we have witnessed in thelast decade since the compilation and release of death penaltystatistics annually by Project 39A. In the same year with thehighest death row population since 2000, trial courts imposeddeath sentences in the absence of information about the accusedin at least 84% of all death penalty cases.The high rate of death sentences, coupled with low rates ofdispoal by the High Courts over the years, can be attributed to thegrowth in death row numbers. While trial courts imposed a higherthan average rate of death sentence (with 139 death sentences),no information about the accused (including reports on theirpsychiatric evaluations, jail conduct and life circumstances) wassought or relied upon by trial courts for at least 90.5% of all deathsentences. Failures by the trial courts to elicit such informationabout the accused persisted for the third year in a row despite theSupreme Court’s directions to call for and consider suchinformation in death penalty cases in Manoj v. State of MadhyaPradesh (May 2022).Murder simpliciter dominated the offences for which deathsentences were imposed (62.60% of all death sentences). Thisindicates a change in the offences for which death sentences areimposed, given that sexual offences had comprised the majorityof death sentences and cases between 2019 to 2023. 8 deathsentences were imposed on women this year for the offences ofmurder, and kidnapping with murder, marking a significantincrease in the number of death sentences imposed on womensince 2016. Through these figures, the number of women on deathrow in India now stands at 17.1 Prison Statistics India Report (2004), National Crime Records Bureau. Previously, theyear 2004 had the highest number of prisoners on death row at 563 prisoners.OVERVIEW OFDEVELOPMENTS IN 2024OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN 20247High Courts across the country confirmed death sentences for 9prisoners in 9 cases, and commuted the sentences of 79 prisonersin 53 cases. While commutations dominated case outcomes at theHigh Courts, 2024 marks the highest number of death sentenceconfirmations by High Courts in a single calendar year since 2019.Similar to practices at the trial courts, High Courts soughtinformation about the accused in only 19.40% of all death penaltycases where sentencing had taken place. 5 death sentenceconfirmation cases at the High Courts were decided in theabsence of such information.Death sentences were confirmed for 4 prisoners who had beenconvicted of sexual offences (comprising 26.60% of all prisonersconvicted for sexual offences before the High Court). They werealso confirmed for 3 prisoners who had been convicted for murder(comprising 0.091% of all prisoners convicted for murdersimpliciter before the High Court) and 1 prisoner who had beenconvicted for kidnapping with murder. These rates signify thecontinuing influence of sexual offences on outcomes in deathpenalty cases, despite a downward shift at trial courts.LWOR sentences dominated commutations at the High Court levelin 2024. This particular formulation of the life sentence was ajudicial creation by the Supreme Court in Swamy Shraddhananda(2008)2 which was later upheld by a five-judge (Constitution)bench of the Supreme Court in Union of India v. Sriharan (2015).3While commuting death sentences, the High Courts haveincreasingly turned to the use of LWOR sentences, with HighCourts imposing LWOR sentences in the majority of commutationssince 2020. This year, 61.14% of all commutations resulted in anLWOR sentence.The Supreme Court did not confirm a single death sentence for thesecond calendar year in a row. Instead, the Court commuted deathsentences for 4 out of the 5 prisoners whose appeals were heard in2 Criminal appeal no. 454 of 2006, Supreme Court of India [order dt. 22.07.2008].3 Writ petition (Crl) no. 48 of 2014, Supreme Court of India [order dt. 02.12.2015].OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN 202482024, and acquitted 1 prisoner. The Court also commuted the deathsentences of 2 prisoners in a review petition. In a continuation of pastyear trends since 2021, the Court relied on reports pertaining to theaccused’s life history, jail conduct and mental health evaluations in itsdeath penalty decisions. Similar to the trends in High Courtcommutations, the Supreme Court relied on LWOR sentences whencommuting death sentences for all but 1 prisoner.Developments in law witnessed the expanded use of the deathpenalty for various offences, and ushered changes to theadministration of mercy petitions. In August 2024, the West BengalLegislative Assembly passed the Aparajita (Women and Child)Protection Bill, 2024 to effect harsher punishments for sexualviolence. The Bill introduces the mandatory death sentence foraggravated rape leading to death or persistent vegetative state, andmakes non-homicidal rape again [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a843a9a9f07f5ccd61685f3/t/67aad6dc16a36d66788ff28d/1739249408252/Annual+Statistics+Report+2024+-+Digital+%281%29.pdf ) [97] => Array ( [objectID] => 27178 [title] => The Death Penalty Does Not Make Us Safer [timestamp] => 1737676800 [date] => 24/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-does-not-make-us-safer/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/statement-jan-25-death-penalty-usa-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Witness to Innocence Responds to President Trump’s Executive Order on the Death Penalty, and Organizations from throughout the US and the World Sign-on in Solidarity [texte] => Witness to Innocence Responds to President Trump's Executive Order on the Death Penalty, and Organizations from throughout the US and the World Sign-on in Solidarity (more…) "The Death Penalty Does Not Make Us Safer" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [98] => Array ( [objectID] => 27150 [title] => Singapore: End harassment and intimidation of Transformative Justice Collective [timestamp] => 1737072000 [date] => 17/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singapore-end-harassment-and-intimidation-of-transformative-justice-collective/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/PhotoSingaporeStatementJan2025-500x250.jpg [extrait] => We, the undersigned 11 organizations, condemn in the strongest terms the latest restrictions imposed by the Singapore government on activists from the Transformative Justice Collective (TJC), a civil society group actively opposing the death penalty and advocating for human rights in the country. [texte] => We, the undersigned 11 organizations, condemn in the strongest terms the latest restrictions imposed by the Singapore government on activists from the Transformative Justice Collective (TJC), a civil society group actively opposing the death penalty and advocating for human rights in the country. (more…) "Singapore: End harassment and intimidation of Transformative Justice Collective" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [99] => Array ( [objectID] => 27197 [title] => Monitoring conditions of detention of prisoners sentenced to death: Practical Guide for NHRIs and NPMs. [timestamp] => 1736985600 [date] => 16/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/monitoring-conditions-of-detention-of-prisoners-sentenced-to-death-practical-guide-for-nhris-and-npms/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ECPM's new guide provides NHRIs and NPMs with practical tools for assessing the conditions of detention of death row prisoners, emphasizing international human rights standards. [texte] => M O N I T O R I N GCONDITIONS OFD E T E N T I O NOF PRISONERSS E N T E N C E DT O D E A T HP R A C T I C A LG U I D E F O RNHRIs AND NPMsPublication director:Raphaël Chenuil-HazanCoordination:Julia Bourbon FernandezEditorial Committee:Vicki Prais, Carole BerrihReviewers:Nicolas Perron, Anna DubarleTranslation:KA-Lex TraductionEditorial secretariat (original version)Caroline Izoret-AboutGraphic design:Olivier DechaudPrinting:Imprim Ad’HocThe original version of this practical guide was published in French in 2023.It was translated into English in 2024.62 bis, avenue Parmentier75011 Pariswww.ecpm.org/en© ECPM, 2024ISBN: 978-2-491354-31-2With financial supportof the European UnionM O N I T O R I N GCONDITIONS OFD E T E N T I O NOF PRISONERSS E N T E N C E DT O D E A T HP R A C T I C A LG U I D E F O RNHRIs AND NPMs4MONITORING CONDITIONS OF DETENTIONOF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATHPRACTICAL GUIDE FOR NHRIsAND NPMsACRONYMSACHPR African Commission on Human and Peoples’ RightsACHR American Convention on Human RightsCAT United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentCPT European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhumanor Degrading Treatment or PunishmentCRC United Nations Convention on the Rights of the ChildECHR European Convention on Human RightsECPM Ensemble contre la peine de mort (Together against the deathpenalty)EPR European Prison RulesHRC United Nations Human Rights CouncilIACHR Inter-American Commission on Human RightsICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsNHRI National Human Rights InstitutionNPM National Preventive MechanismOHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human RightsOPCAT Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Tortureand Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentSRP Special Rapporteur on Prisons and Conditions of Detention inAfricaSPT United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of TortureNOTE ON TERMINOLOGYThroughout this guide, we use the terms “prisons”, “prison facilities” and “placesof detention” interchangeably to refer to any place where people are deprivedof their liberty based on penal measures or sanctions.The term “detention monitoring” refers solely to monitoring activities within thecustodial setting.5ECPM2024THE ROLE OF NATIONAL PREVENTIVE MECHANISMS (NPMS) ANDNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS (NHRIS) IN PRISON MONITORINGNPMs and NHRIs play a crucial role in the prevention of torture through themonitoring of places of detention:• NPMs: OPCAT is an optional protocol to the United Nations Conventionagainst Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment orPunishment. Under OPCAT, states are required to establish an NPM with theaim of preventing torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatmentor punishment, in particular by monitoring places of detention. OPCAT alsoprovides for a second monitoring mechanism, the SPT. NPMs are mandatedto carry out regular visits to all types of places where persons are deprivedof their liberty. NPMs can also make observations on laws and regulations,and propose reforms. OPCAT does not require an NPM to take a specificform: it is therefore up to each State Party to choose whether to create anew special mechanism or to designate an existing body, such as an NHRI,for the prevention of torture and ill-treatment.• NHRIs: some countries do not have an operational NPM. In such cases,the monitoring of places of detention often falls to NHRIs. Moreover, inmany countries, NHRIs are assigned the NPM mandate. In this case, theNHRI has both a specific mandate to monitor places of deprivation ofliberty and prevent torture and ill-treatment, as an NPM, and a broadermandate to protect and promote human rights beyond places of detention,as an NHRI. Assessing the credibility of NHRIs is based in particular ontheir compliance with the Paris Principles, a set of standards definingthe fundamental characteristics required for them to fulfil their missions. 1These include: a founding constitutional or legislative text, a mandate thatis as broad as possible, independent appointment procedures, a pluralistand representative composition, regular operation, independence from theexecutive and adequate funding.1 These principles have been enshrined by the United Nations General Assembly inResolution 48/134 on National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights,20 December 1993, available at https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/180217?ln=en&v=pdf6MONITORING CONDITIONS OF DETENTIONOF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATHPRACTICAL GUIDE FOR NHRIsAND NPMsTHE NPM MANDATEIn collaboration with other international, regional and national bodies carryingout monitoring activities, NPMs play an important role in public oversight andcontrol in the area of torture prevention. As the “eyes and ears” of the outside,NPMs aim to ensure that the human rights of detainees are fully respected andthat they receive fair and humane treatment in detention. NPMs have a clearobjective and a broad mandate: to examine the treatment of persons deprivedof their liberty with a view to strengthening their protection against tortureand other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Their mainfunctions include:• Visiting places where persons are or may be deprived of their liberty (inaccordance with Article 4 of OPCAT);• Advisory functions, including drafting recommendations, opinions, reportsand undertaking legislative monitoring;• Educational functions, in particular by providing training or initiatingother educational activities, as well as activities to raise awareness ofthe prevention of torture;• Cooperation activities through constructive dialogue with States Partiesand other key stakeholders on the prevention of torture and ill-treatment. 2• Although under OPCAT, NPMs are not expressly empowered to investigateor rule on individual cases, national regulations must take account of thespecificities of each context. In some states, NPMs investigate allegations oftorture or other forms of ill-treatment. In others, they may play a supportingrole in appeal procedures or requests for clemency in individual cases. 3The preventive monitoring mandate, as defined in Articles 4 and 19 ofOPCAT4 , is at the core of NPMs’ mandate. Their visits act as an importantdeterrent against the practice of torture and other forms of ill-treatment.In this respect, NPM members have the power to:• Visit any place where persons may be deprived of their liberty;• Interview detainees in private;• Access to all information concerning detainees; 5• Freely choose the places to be visited and the persons to be interviewed;• Carry out scheduled or ad hoc visits;• Make unannounced visits at different times of day, including at night. Itis advisable to carry out this type of visit.2 For more information: OHCHR, Preventing torture – The role of national preventivemechanisms, 2018, available at https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/NPM_Guide_EN.pdf3 See Part V, p. 57.4 See also SPT, Guidelines on National Preventive Mechanisms, CAT/OP/12/5, 9 December 2010,available at https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/695890?ln=en; and OHCHR, Preventingtorture – The role of national preventive mechanisms, 2018.5 See Parts IV and V.7ECPM2024IIIIIICONTENTS• Acronyms 4• Note on terminology 4• The role of National Preventive Mechanisms (NPMs)and National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs)in prison monitoring 5INTRODUCTION 11• Who can use this guide? 12• How to use this guide? 13• How was this guide developed? 13• Prisoners sentenced to death: an overview 16• Women 16• Children 17• Sexual and gender minorities 18• Foreign nationals 19LEGAL PROTECTION FRAMEWORK GOVERNING CONDITIONSOF DETENTION OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATH 23• International and regional legal framework 24• Standards on the dignity of prisoners 24• Link between detention conditions,torture and the death penalty 25• National legal framework 28MAIN RIGHTS OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATH 31• Civil and political rights 32• Economic, social and cultural rights 35PROCEDURES AND GUIDING PRINCIPLESFOR VISITS TO MONITOR PLACES OF DETENTION 39• Main monitoring bodies 40• National bodies carrying out monitoring visits 40• International bodies carrying out monitoring visits 41• Regional bodies carrying out monitoring visits 41• Ethical monitoring principles 43• Do no harm 43• Comply with your mandate 448MONITORING CONDITIONS OF DETENTIONOF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATHPRACTICAL GUIDE FOR NHRIsAND NPMs• Use common sense and act with integrity 44• Show respect for prison authorities and staff 44• Show respect for prisoners sentenced to death 45• Be and remain credible 45• Respect the confidentiality principle 45• Ensure your safety 46• Show perseverance, patience and consistency 46• Be accurate and precise 46• Show sensitivity 46• Demonstrate impartiality and objectivity 47• Ensure your visibility 47PREPARATION OF THE MONITORING VISIT 49• Stage one:Develop terms of reference and objectives 50• Stage two:Select and train the monitoring team 50• Stage three:Collect and analyse relevant information 52• Stage four:Prepare interview guides 53• Stage five:Draw up a schedule 54• Stage six:Make logistical arrangements 54• Summary 54THE MONITORING VISIT 57• Practical arrangements for visits 58• Persons to be interviewed 58• Inspecting records 59• Prison visits 60• Interviewing prisoners sentenced to death 61• Thematic areas of monitoring 63• Material detention conditions of prisoners sentenced to death 63• Health care 65• Work, rehabilitation and reintegration activities 69• Violence in the prison system –punishment, segregation, means of restraint 70• Meaningful human contact, contact with the outside world,outdoor exercise, leisure and cultural activities 74• Prison staff 76• Procedural guarantees 78• Women 80• Children 82IVV9ECPM2024VI• Foreign nationals 83• Sexual and gender minorities 84• Ethnic and racial minorities 86FOLLOW [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Gender [4] => Juveniles [5] => Legal Representation [6] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2025/01/Practical-Guide-NHRI-NPM_detention-monitoring.pdf ) [100] => Array ( [objectID] => 27127 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2024 : Death Sentences and Executions Remain Near Historic Lows Amid Growing Concerns about Fairness and Innocence [timestamp] => 1736208000 [date] => 07/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2024-death-sentences-and-executions-remain-near-historic-lows-amid-growing-concerns-about-fairness-and-innocence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty in 2024 report highlights critical trends in capital punishment: death sentences and executions remain near historic lows, public support continues to decline, and over 200 exonerations have now been documented. Landmark events include President Biden commuting the death sentences of 37 men on federal death row, Alabama's unprecedented use of nitrogen gas for executions, and increased attention to innocence in high-profile cases like Melissa Lucio and Richard Glossip. The report also underscores growing global criticism of the death penalty, as 130 countries backed a UN resolution for a moratorium. [texte] => The Death Penalty in 2024Death Sentences and Executions Remain NearHistoric Lows Amid Growing Concerns aboutFairness and InnocencePresident Biden Commutes Death Sentencesof 37 Men on Federal Row to RemedySystemic ProblemsFour States Responsible for 76% of ExecutionsExecutive Summary• The number of new death sentences in 2024increased from 2023, with 26. The numberof people on death row across the UnitedStates has continued to decline from a peakpopulation in the year 2000.• Public support for the death penalty remainsat a five-decade low (53%) and Gallup’srecent polling reveals that more than halfof young U.S. adults ages 18 through 43 nowoppose the death penalty. Fewer peoplefound the death penalty morally acceptablethis year (55%) than last year (60%).• Significant media attention, public protest,and support from unlikely allies in the cas-es of Marcellus “Khaliifah” Williams, RobertRoberson, and Richard Glossip elevated theissue of innocence in 2024, as the UnitedStates marked the milestone of 200 deathrow exonerations.• On December 23, President Biden commut-ed the death sentences of 37 men out of 40on the federal death row. In the states, noindividual death-sentenced person receivedclemency in 2024, In the states, no individualdeath-sentenced person received clemencyin 2024, the first year since 2016 withoutany state clemency grants.• Death penalty-related legislation wasenacted in at least six states to limituse of the death penalty, alter executionmethods or protocols, modify proce-dures, and increase secrecy. Abolitionefforts continue in more than a dozenstates, and efforts to reintroduce thedeath penalty in eight states failed.Only one effort to expand the deathpenalty to non-homicide crimes wassuccessful.• The 1600th execution in the mod-ern death penalty era occurred inSeptember 2024.• The number of people executed in 2024remained nearly the same as 2023,with 25 executions occurring in ninestates. This was the tenth consecutiveyear with fewer than 30 executions.Utah, South Carolina, and Indiana con-ducted their first executions after morethan a decade hiatus. Alabama becamethe first state to use nitrogen gas toexecute prisoners.• The United States Supreme Court haslargely abandoned the critical role ithas historically played in regulatingand limiting use of the death penalty.CreditsThe Death Penalty Information Center (DPI) is a national non-profitorganization whose mission is to serve the media, policymakers,and the general public with data and analysis on issues concerningcapital punishment and the people it affects. DPI does not take aposition on the death penalty itself but is critical of problems inits application.This report was written by DPI’s Executive Director Robin M. Maherand Managing Director Anne Holsinger, with the assistance of DPIstaff (Anumta Ali, Hayley Bedard, Kinari Council, Tiana Herring, DaneLindberg, Nina Motazedi, Łukasz Niparko, Pamela Quanrud, andLeah Roemer) and interns (Lauren Hill, Karl Mbouombouo, JennaToulan, and Quan Yuan). Further sources for facts and quotationsare available upon request.The Center is funded through the generosity of individual donorsand foundations, including the Roderick and Solange MacArthurJustice Center; the Fund for Nonviolence; M. Quinn Delaney; andthe Tides Foundation. The views expressed in this report are thoseof DPI and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its donors.Table of ContentsIntroductionPublic OpinonInnocenceLegislationNew Death SentencesSupreme CourtExecutionsInternationalQuotesMethodology61014222933456067706YEAR END REPORT 24Introduction7The death penalty is no longer an American story. In2024, what the death penalty means to you increasinglydepends on where you live, how old you are, and whoyou elect in your community.In most U.S. states, the death penalty is a relicof another era. If you are age 43 or younger, yourgen eration increas ing ly sup ports alter natives tothe death penalty. If you live in one of 34 states,your state either has no death penalty, or thelast execution was more than ten years ago.Just four states — Alabama, Texas, Missouri,and Oklahoma — were respon sible for 76% ofexecutions this year.The twenty-six new death sentences in 2024were scattered among ten states, but theonly states which permit non-unanimoussentencing were responsible for more than40% of them: Florida (7) and Alabama (4).Nine of these eleven death sentences werenon-unanimous.Nine states executed 25 people this year, sim-ilar to 2023 (24 executions). But if you live inone of the other 41 states, the death penaltymay not even register as a concern. This factdid not go unnoticed by politicians running fornational office. In this important presidentialelection year, the death penalty was noticeablyabsent from both major political party plat-forms and wasn’t an issue in the presidentialcampaign. Use of the death penalty also failedto rank as a priority issue among likely votersin national polls.Local politicians frequently drove outcomesin death penalty cases this year. Alabama’selected officials chose to use nitrogen gasto suffocate three prisoners despite wide-spread condemnation of a method manyexperts called torture.In Missouri, state and local politicians foughtabout the fate of Marcellus Williams, whoseexecution occurred despite the oppositionof more than one million people.And in Texas and Oklahoma, there was rarepublic support from elected officials whohelped focus attention on the failure ofstate laws and procedures to adequatelyprotect prisoners with compelling evidenceof innocence, like Robert Roberson andRichard Glossip.Looking ahead, the power of local politi-cians is likely to be determinative so longas the United State Supreme Court refusesto intervene in state death penalty cases.8202461328917716513811611610963584540373733332725111199864211002,180202364729818516713911512011564614544403637362726131198874211002,262JurisdictionCaliforniaFloridaTexasAlabamaNorth CarolinaArizonaOhioPennsylvaniaLouisianaNevadaTennesseeU.S. Federal Gov’tGeorgiaMississippiOklahomaSouth CarolinaArkansasKentuckyMissouriNebraskaKansasIdahoIndianaUtahU.S. MilitaryMontanaNew Hampshire†South DakotaOregonWyonmingTotal• Data from NAACP Legal Defenseand Educational Fund forOctober 1 of the year shown.• On December 23, 2024,President Biden com mut-ed sen tences for 37 deathrow prisoners.• Persons with death sentencesin multiple states are onlyinclud ed once in the total.• †New Hampshire prospective-ly abolished the death pen-alty May 30, 2019.Death Row Population By State910YEAR END REPORT 24Public Opinion11Public support for the death penalty remains at a five-decade low (53%) and recent Gallup polling reveals thatmore than half of young U.S. adults ages 18 through43 now oppose the death penalty. Fewer people foundthe death penalty morally acceptable this year (55%)than last year (60%).National Polling Shows PublicSupport at Five-Decade LowAccording to October 2024 polling by Gallup,support for the death penalty remains at afive-decade low in the United States. Overall,Gallup found 53% of Americans in favor of thedeath penalty, but that number masks consid-erable differences between older and youngerAmericans. More than half of young adults aged18 to 43 now oppose the death penalty.Among those expressing a political affiliation,support for the death penalty fell markedlyin all groups and in all generations, with theexception of Republicans aged sixty and older,where support for the death penal ty roseby 2%. Public support of the death penaltypeaked thirty years ago, in 1994, when 80% ofAmericans said they favored the death penaltyfor a person convicted of murder.A generational divide in Gallup’s polling resultsalso shows that more than half of young U.S.adults — millennials and Generation Z, ages18 through 43 — oppose the death penalty,while approximately six in ten adults amongthe older generations—Silent Generation,Generation X, and baby boomers — favorthe death penalty.This generational gap has been wideningevery year for the past 20 years, accord-ing to Gallup. Since 2000, support for thedeath penalty among millennials (ages 28to 43) has fallen 25%.12Support for the death penalty among youngerDemocrats dropped even further — 18%since 2016. Among older Republicans, sup-port for the death penalty increased slightly(the only group in the Gallup poll to show anincrease in support) while support amongyounger Republicans fell slightly, by 4%.The trend among Independents followedthat of Democrats generally, but was not asmarked, with support for the death penaltyamong older Independents falling by 6%and among younger Independents by 10%.Gallup’s Moral Issues Survey, administered in May2024, noted a drop in the number of Americanswho find the death penalty morally acceptable:only 55% of Americans now believe the deathpenalty is morally acceptable, down 8% fromthe previous year, while 39% of respondentssaid the death penalty is morally unacceptable,up 15% from 2023. Moral support of the deathpenalty peaked in 2006, at 76%. State PollingShows Majority Support for Alternatives to theDeath Penalty.Gallup only began collecting data on Gen Z overthe past four years, but the spread betweenGen Z and all other age groups is striking — 58%of Gen Z oppose the death penalty, compared toonly 38% of baby boomers and the so-called“Silent Generation” (which together compriseall those 60 years and older). Support for thedeath penalty also fell among this older cohort,but only by about 6% since 2000.The divide between supporters of the twomajor political parties shows an erosion of sup-port for the death penalty among Democrats,Independents, and younger Republicans.Support for the death penalty has remainedstable among older Republicans over the past25 years, but support for the death penaltyamong Democrats 60 years old and older hasfallen 11% since 2016.13State Polling Shows MajoritySupport for Alternatives to theDeath PenaltyA St. Louis University and YouGov annual poll,adm [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Innocence [2] => Public Opinion [3] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/research/analysis/reports/year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2024 ) [101] => Array ( [objectID] => 27128 [title] => Women and the Death Penalty in Iran: A Gendered Perspective [timestamp] => 1736121600 [date] => 06/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/women-and-the-death-penalty-in-iran-a-gendered-perspective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This comprehensive report by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) explores the gendered dimensions of the death penalty in Iran, highlighting systemic inequalities, discriminatory laws, and societal factors that disproportionately affect women on death row. Between 2010 and 2024, at least 241 women were executed, with only 26% of cases officially reported. Many were sentenced under circumstances marked by domestic violence, coerced confessions, or lack of legal representation. The report underscores the urgent need for international advocacy to address these injustices and promote gender equality in Iran's judicial system. [texte] => Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty in Iran | IHRNGO 1WOMEN AND THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRANA GENDERED PERSPECTIVE© Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) 2025www.iranhr.netmail@iranhr.netTABLE OF CONTENTSIntroductionAbout this reportSources & methodologyGender apartheid & discriminatory lawsSocietal factorsDeath row conditionsWomen executionsFacts & figures about women executionsMurder executionsDrug-related executionsSecurity-related executionsOfficial media research of women at risk of death penaltyRecommendations45668811111215171822Acknowledgement: IHRNGO wishes to express its gratitude to the World CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty and the Advocates for Human Rights for their support andcollaboration. Special thanks to lawyers and women human rights defenders who risktheir safety to create awareness about the situation of women on death row in Iran.4 IHRNGO | Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty in Iran Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty in Iran | IHRNGO 5In 2024, two years after the start of the “Woman, Life, Freedom” movement, Iran recorded a grim milestonein its execution of women. With 31 women executed, this marks the highest annual figure since Iran HumanRights began monitoring the death penalty 17 years ago. An unknown number of women remain on deathrow, many of whom, including Kurdish activists Verisheh Moradi and Pakhshan Azizi, might face executionin the coming months. Since 1979, the Islamic Republic has used executions as a tool of political oppressionto instill fear and maintain its grip on power, with thousands of women and men executed following shamtrials. While the majority of those executed have been men, the stories of women and the gender-specificdimensions of the death penalty in Iran have largely remained hidden.To draw attention to this overlooked issue, Iran Human Rights has published its latest report, “Women andthe Death Penalty in Iran: a Gendered Perspective” which reviews the executions of women between 2010 and2024. The report sheds light on the gendered aspects of the death penalty, exposing systemic inequalities andsocietal factors that perpetuate the suffering of women on death row. On publication of this report MahmoodAmiry-Moghaddam, Director of Iran Human Rights, said: “The execution of women in Iran reveals not justthe brutality of the death penalty, but the depth of systemic gender inequality in the judicial system. We callon the international community to act urgently to address the systemic injustices and gender apartheid facedby women in Iran and to intensify efforts to save those on death row.”According to the report, between 2010 and 2024, at least 241 women were executed in Iran, primarily formurder or drug-related offences. Among them were nine child brides, three of whom were under 18 at thetime of their alleged crimes. These figures however, only tell part of the story. The Islamic Republic shroudsits executions in secrecy, with only 26% of women’s executions officially announced. This lack of transparencyhas worsened in recent years, with an average of just 12% disclosed since 2021. Women from marginalisedethnic minority regions, such as Sistan and Baluchistan, are disproportionately represented, underscoring theintersection of systemic discrimination, poverty, and judicial bias.Many of the women executed for murder acted out of desperation in response to violence, rape or coercivecontrol. About 70% of women sentenced to death for murder, are charged for murdering their male partner.Trapped in abusive marriages, they were often driven to acts of self-defence. Yet Iran’s legal system rarelyacknowledges such mitigating circumstances. Women’s testimonies are worth half of men’s, and laws fail torecognise domestic violence or marital rape, leaving these women defenceless in court. Those accused ofmurder face qisas (retribution in kind), where the victim’s family are given the responsibility of decidingbetween forgiveness, blood money, or execution, often resulting in death sentences.Life on death row is compounded by societal stigma and systemic neglect. Many women are abandonedby their families, deprived of legal and emotional support, and left to endure inhumane prison conditions.Poverty and illiteracy, particularly among ethnic minority women, further exacerbate their vulnerability, asthey often lack the resources to navigate the judicial system or defend themselves against unfounded charges.Drug-related offenses have also claimed the lives of at least 107 women between 2010 and 2024. Despiteamendments to Iran’s Anti-Narcotics Laws in 2017 that initially reduced such executions, the practice hasresurged, reaching a nine-year high in 2024. Many of these women were coerced into drug offenses or unawareof their involvement, yet they faced the death penalty under the Islamic Republic’s oppressive legal framework.Each statistic in this report represents a human story—a life impacted by systemic injustice, societal stigma,and a lack of avenues for redress.Since its establishment in 1979, the Islamic Republic has used the death penalty as a primary instrumentto instill fear and maintain its grip on power. At a minimum, tens of thousands of prisoners, includingwomen, have been executed following sham trials. While the vast majority of those executed have been men,significantly less information is available about the women who have faced this inhuman punishment. Evenless attention has been given to the gender-specific aspects of the death penalty in Iran.This report examines how the death penalty in Iran uniquely affects women, with a focus on executionscarried out between 2010 and 2024. The majority of these women were sentenced to death for charges relatedto murder or drug offences. As an attempt to estimate the number of women sentenced to death during a givenperiod, we have also conducted a systematic search of official Iranian media from January 2022 to January2024.It is important to note that this report does not cover the large number of female political prisoners executedduring the 1980s or women subjected to stoning or hanging for adultery in the first three decades of theIslamic Republic.There has been limited research about the mass execution of political opponents in the 1980s. Thousands wereexecuted in show trials during this decade, including the mass-executions of 1981 and 1988, described by theUN Special Rapporteur Javaid Rehman as crimes against humanity and genocide.1 Women, in particular,faced harrowing fates—many subjected to rape before execution—a dark facet of history that requires deeperinvestigation.The practice of stoning, though not included in this report, serves as a stark example of the gender biasesentrenched in the Islamic Republic’s judicial system. Officially not practiced since the end of 2000s, it was amethod disproportionately used against women accused of adultery. These women were buried up to theirchests, making any attempt to escape impossible, while men, buried to the waist, often invoked defenceslike polygamy or temporary marriages. Such brutal practices highlight the historical and ongoing gendereddisparities in Iran’s legal system.This report seeks to shed light on the contemporary experiences of women facing the death penalty, focusingon the discriminatory laws and societal factors that perpetuate their suffering. Due to the scarcity of officialdata on women on death row, we rely on verified cases and systematic analysis to uncover trends and bringattention to the realities faced by these women.ABOUT THIS REPORTINTRODUCTION“Atrocity Crimes” and grave violations of human rights committed by the Islamic Republic of Iran (1981–1982 and 1988): Detailedfindings of Mr. Javaid Rehman, the Special Rapporteur on situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, July 2024:https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/iran/20240717-SR-Iran-Findings.pdf16 IHRNGO | Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty in Iran Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty in Iran | IHRNGO 7The lack of transparency in Iran’s judicial system poses significant challenges for obtaining reliable data. Thisreport is based on a combination of official and unofficial sources. Official sources include announcements byIranian media, judiciary outlets, and state-run agencies, though these cover only 26% of women’s executionsbetween 2010 and 2024. Unofficial sources involve information verified by Iran Human Rights througheyewitnesses, families, lawyers, and other human rights organisations. Only cases corroborated by at leasttwo independent sources are included in this report.There is no public data on the exact number of women on death row in Iran. The number of women sentencedto death in a given time period can provide only an indirect indication on this issue. For the period betweenJanuary 2022 and January 2024, a systematic review of three primary Iranian media outlets was conducted toidentify women facing charges punishable by the death penalty. These data are presented in the last section ofthis report. The collection of information on women’s cases is particularly difficult, as many are abandonedby their families, leaving them without external advocacy and reporting. This report follows IHRNGO’s 2021Report on Women and the Death Penalty in Iran.2GENDER APARTHEID &DISCRIMINATORY LAWSA lack of due process and fair trials plagues the Iranian judicial system, with confessions often obtained undertorture serving as the primary method of proving guilt, regardless of gender.3 In addition, Iran’s judiciaryis deeply rooted in gender apartheid, where systemic discrimination affects women’s chances of fair trialsand increases their vulnerability to the death penalty. The head of the judiciary and all judges in criminaland Revolutionary Courts with the authority to issue death sentences are men, ensuring a lack of genderimpartiality in the legal system. The discriminatory laws disproportionately targeting women include, butnot limited to: [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Gender [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/articles/7263/ ) [102] => Array ( [objectID] => 27091 [title] => Zimbabwe Abolishes the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1736121600 [date] => 06/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/zimbabwe-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/zimbabwe-abolition-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 31 December 2024, Zimbabwe’s President Emmerson Mnangagwa signed the Death Penalty Abolition Bill into law. [texte] => On 31 December 2024, Zimbabwe’s President Emmerson Mnangagwa signed the Death Penalty Abolition Bill into law. (more…) "Zimbabwe Abolishes the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [103] => Array ( [objectID] => 27123 [title] => Blood Era: A Historic Record of Executions in Saudi Arabia 2024 [timestamp] => 1736035200 [date] => 05/01/2025 [annee] => 2025 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/blood-era-a-historic-record-of-executions-in-saudi-arabia-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR) reports an alarming escalation in executions in Saudi Arabia in 2024, marking a historic high with 345 individuals executed—double the number from 2023. This report highlights the extensive use of the death penalty, with executions for drug-related offenses, political charges, and discretionary judgments (Taazir) significantly increasing. The grim statistics reveal a judicial system fraught with human rights violations, including torture, lack of legal defense, and the execution of minors and women. Amid international criticism, Saudi Arabia’s use of the death penalty underscores a blatant disregard for justice and human dignity, perpetuating fear and repression while pursuing an international image of progressiveness. [texte] => ReportsBlood Era: A Historic Record of Executions in Saudi Arabia 20245 January، 2025IntroductionWith record-breaking and historic execution numbers and an unprecedented expansion of charges, Saudi Arabia closed the year 2024. The shocking figures doubled compared to 2023, with an increase exceeding 100%, signaling a significant escalation in the use of the death penalty as Saudi Arabia’s primary tool for punishment, sending messages, and instilling fear. According to official statistics, from King Salman bin Abdulaziz's ascension to power in 2015 until the end of 2024, Saudi Arabia executed 1,585 individuals, 345 of whom—22%—were executed in 2024, averaging one execution every 25 hours.The sharp rise in numbers included executions of individuals charged with drug-related offenses, an expansion of charges warranting the death penalty, a troubling increase in the execution of women, and a high proportion of foreigners. Despite human rights criticisms and international pressure, which culminated in Saudi Arabia losing its bid for membership in the UN Human Rights Council, the kingdom's highest human rights body, in September 2024, King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman approved the execution of 345 individuals. These executions were carried out amidst the complete absence of justice guarantees and ongoing violations in judicial proceedings. This alarming increase starkly exposed the false promises made in recent years, particularly by Mohammed bin Salman, and revealed Saudi Arabia’s trajectory regarding human rights, especially concerning the death penalty.While Saudi Arabia celebrated hosting major global events and welcoming celebrities from around the world, the shadow of execution loomed over its prisons. Inmates lived in a constant state of fear, facing the threat of sudden, unannounced executions.As the new year begins, Saudi Arabia continues to threaten dozens with execution, including minors, protesters, and clerics, reflecting the regime's ongoing repressive approach and revealing the darker side of the image the kingdom seeks to project internationally.In its 2024 annual report, the European Saudi Organization for Human Rights seeks to shed light on the statistics and figures related to these executions, analyze the practices of the Saudi judiciary, including gross violations of criminal justice, the lack of transparency in trials, and the factors that have contributed to the expanded use of this punishment.Figures and Statistics:Saudi Arabia broke its previous records, executing 345 individuals in 2024, marking a 100% increase compared to 2023, which saw 172 executions—a historically grim and shocking figure. The details within these numbers suggest that this increase reflects a deliberate policy and a commitment to continuing executions.Types of Executions:Saudi Arabia claims that its judicial rulings are based on Islamic Sharia; however, analyses of its laws and verdicts indicate a reliance on selectively chosen and extreme interpretations of religious texts.Taazir (Discretionary Punishment):Taazir refers to a punishment for a crime or offense that has no fixed penalty or atonement in Sharia, meaning it is not predetermined by Islamic law. It is left to the ruler's discretion, based on the nature and circumstances of the crime. Taazir aims to achieve deterrence and reform. Saudi Arabia extensively employs Taazir to punish individuals for charges not explicitly defined in Sharia; that are not considered among the most serious under international law; including political accusations, expressing opinions, and drug-related offenses.In 2024, 141 Taazir sentences were carried out, representing 40% of the total executions. This marks a significant increase compared to 2023, which was 54 Taazir sentences, accounting for 36.49% of executions. The rise reflects both a notable numerical and percentage increase.Unspecified (Taazir):In 2024, ESOHR documented 39 executions for which the Ministry of Interior did not specify the nature of the ruling. These accounted for 8.7% of all executions. This lack of disclosure is a new approach not previously observed in individual executions and is part of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to manipulate data related to the death penalty. Most of these rulings were issued by the Specialized Criminal Court for terrorism cases. The charges faced by the executed individuals ranged from harboring offenders to supporting extremist ideologies and participating in shootings—charges that typically result in Taazir death sentences.Accordingly, based on the organization's monitoring, the total share of Taazir executions—both declared and unspecified—rose to 48.7%, an increase of more than 11% compared to 2023. This increase in executions that lack explicit Sharia justification highlights Saudi Arabia’s expansive use of the death penalty and the inadequacy of invoking Sharia to justify such actions.Qisas (Retribution):Qisas is the principle of proportional punishment and is one of the fixed penalties in Sharia law. It is a right granted to the victim's family, applied to achieve justice between the offender and the victim in crimes that result in the loss of life or physical harm. The offender is punished in kind, "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth," such as the killer is killed. Qisas is implemented only if conclusive evidence is available and the victim's family consents.In 2024, 128 Qisas sentences were carried out, representing 37% of the total 345 executions. This compares to 2023, which recorded 66 Qisas sentences, accounting for 44.59% of the total executions.Hadd (Prescribed Punishments):Hadd refers to penalties fixed by Sharia law for specific offenses as a right of Allah. In 2024, 37 Hadd sentences were carried out, making up 10% of all executions. This is a decrease from 2023, which saw 50 Hadd executions, constituting 29% of the total.Executions of Foreign Nationals:In 2024, Saudi Arabia executed 207 Saudis and 138 foreign nationals, with foreigners accounting for 31% of all executions. This represents a significant increase compared to 2023, when 38 foreign nationals were executed, constituting 22% of the total. The nationalities of the executed foreign nationals were as follows: 17 Egyptians, 16 Syrians, 27 Yemenis, 8 Ethiopians, 3 Sudanese, 14 Nigerians, 3 Indians, 25 Pakistanis, 1 Sri Lankans, 17 Jordanians, 3 Afghans, 1 Filipinos, 1 Bangladeshis, 1 Eritrean, and 1 Kenyan.The rising number of foreign nationals executed comes amid growing concerns about the severe violations faced by foreign workers in Saudi Arabia, including human trafficking. As Saudi Arabia prepares to host the World Cup, fears are mounting that such abuses may escalate.With a lack of transparency in Saudi Arabia's handling of execution cases, tracking the cases of certain foreign nationals, including Egyptians and Jordanians, has revealed common violations. These include the absence of any role for consulates or embassies, denial of adequate legal defense for the accused, failure to appoint legal representation, disregard for defendants' arguments in court, and exposure to torture and ill-treatment.While Saudi Arabia uses major sporting events, such as hosting the World Cup and the Winter Olympics, to bolster its international image as a progressive and open nation, FIFA accepted Saudi Arabia’s bid despite its failure to meet the required human rights standards in its proposal. Migrant workers' rights remain one of the most pressing concerns, with ongoing abuses and fears of further violations during preparations for the infrastructure needed to host the World Cup. Estimates suggest that migrant workers make up over 30% of Saudi Arabia’s population, employed in critical sectors such as construction and services.Migrant workers' rights remain a pressing concern, with ongoing violations and fears of further abuses during World Cup preparations. Estimates suggest that migrant workers make up more than 30% of the population in Saudi Arabia, working in vital sectors such as construction and services.Executions of Women:In 2024, Saudi Arabia executed 9 women, marking the highest number of female executions in the country's history, representing a 50% increase compared to 2023, which saw 6 women executed.According to the data, the executions of women were as follows: 3 Saudi nationals, 4 Nigerian nationals, 1 Ethiopian, and 1 Kenyan. The four Nigerian women faced charges related to drugs. Due to the ongoing lack of transparency, it is difficult to know the exact number of women currently facing the death penalty.In this context, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, during its latest session in October 2024, reviewed Saudi Arabia's commitments and raised concerns about the fairness of trials, particularly for migrant women, who are explicitly excluded from protection under the labor law.Distribution by Region:The Ministry of Interior releases data on the locations of executions. According to official data, most executions took place in Riyadh, with 74 executions, followed by Mecca (68), Al-Jouf (39), Asir (38), the Eastern Province (35), Tabuk (31), Medina (16), Jazan (16), Najran (9), the Northern Borders (7), Ha'il (5), Qassim (4), Al-Baha (2), and the Eastern Borders (1). Charges: Saudi Arabia repeatedly asserts in international forums that the death penalty is reserved for the most serious crimes. In 2024, it accepted recommendations aimed at limiting the use of this punishment. However, in contrast to these claims, 2024 saw an expansion in the charges that led to executions. Along with the doubling of executions for drug-related offenses, there were executions for charges like merely "concealment," and dozens of executions were carried out for vague charges of treason. This expansion is one of the clearest indicators of Saudi Arabia's continued disregard for its international obligations and its broad use of the death penalty.ChargesSaudi Arabia repeatedly asserts i [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://euh.global.ssl.fastly.net/en/%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A/ ) [104] => Array ( [objectID] => 27078 [title] => Zambia commits to irreversible abolition of the death penalty for all crimes [timestamp] => 1734912000 [date] => 23/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/zambia-commits-to-irreversible-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-for-all-crimes/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/zambia-dec2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Zambia has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which is the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, on 19 December 2024. [texte] => Zambia has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which is the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, on 19 December 2024. (more…) "Zambia commits to irreversible abolition of the death penalty for all crimes " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [105] => Array ( [objectID] => 27032 [title] => Two thirds of the United Nations General Assembly vote in favor of the 10th resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty [timestamp] => 1734652800 [date] => 20/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/two-thirds-of-the-united-nations-general-assembly-vote-in-favor-of-the-10th-resolution-for-a-moratorium-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/UNGAmoratoriumResolutionVote2024-500x231.jpeg [extrait] => On 17 December 2024, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 10th resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 130 votes in favor out of the 193 United Nations Member States (5 more than in 2022), 32 votes against (5 less than in 2022), 22 abstentions and 9 absent. [texte] => On 17 December 2024, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 10th resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 130 votes in favor out of the 193 United Nations Member States (5 more than in 2022), 32 votes against (5 less than in 2022), 22 abstentions and 9 absent. (more…) "Two thirds of the United Nations General Assembly vote in favor of the 10th resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [106] => Array ( [objectID] => 27020 [title] => Cookie Policy [timestamp] => 1734566400 [date] => 19/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/cookie-policy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Effective Date: 19-Dec-2024 Last Updated: 19-Dec-2024 What are cookies? This Cookie Policy explains what cookies are and how we use them, the types of cookies we use i.e, the information we collect using cookies and how that information is used, and how to manage the cookie settings. Cookies are small text files that are […] [texte] => a.cky-banner-element { padding: 8px 30px; background: #F8F9FA; color: #858A8F; border: 1px solid #DEE2E6; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 2px; cursor: pointer;} Effective Date: 19-Dec-2024 Last Updated: 19-Dec-2024 What are cookies?This Cookie Policy explains what cookies are and how we use them, the types of cookies we use i.e, the information we collect using cookies and how that information is used, and how to manage the cookie settings. Cookies are small text files that are used to store small pieces of information. They are stored on your device when the website is loaded on your browser. 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Cookie Policy Generated By CookieYes - Cookie Policy Generator. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [107] => Array ( [objectID] => 27588 [title] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2024: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1734566400 [date] => 19/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/texas-death-penalty-developments-in-2024-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report examines important developments regarding the death penalty in Texas in 2024, highlighting cases of individuals convicted despite evidence of innocence, racial and geographic disparities, and issues related to lethal injections. [texte] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2024: The Year in ReviewA Report by the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death PenaltyExecutive SummaryIn 2024, there were significant developments in numerous cases of individuals who faced executiondespite evidence of their innocence. Most notable was the case of Robert Roberson, which generatedwidespread support and unprecedented bipartisan concern from Texas lawmakers. Roberson facedexecution on October 17, 2024, despite overwhelming new scientific and medical evidence that hischronically ill two-year-old daughter Nikki died because of serious health issues—including undiagnosedpneumonia—not homicide. Convicted in Anderson County in 2003, Roberson has spent more thantwenty years on death row for a crime that did not occur. His conviction was based on the outdated andnow discredited “Shaken Baby Syndrome” hypothesis.The Supreme Court of Texas granted a stay to Roberson at 9:45 PM on the night of his scheduledexecution after the Texas House Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence took the unusual action of issuinga subpoena to obtain his testimony at a legislative hearing. The Court has since lifted the stay, butRoberson does not yet have a new execution date.Two other individuals with execution dates in 2024 also sought to present evidence of their innocence.The State put Ivan Cantu to death in February even though newly discovered evidence, which was notheard by his jury in 2001 or considered by any court, exposed multiple falsehoods in the testimony ofthe main witness against him at trial. In July, Ruben Gutierrez received a last-minute stay from theSupreme Court of the United States, which later agreed to consider his claim that he should be allowedto pursue his legal rights to conduct DNA testing. Gutierrez maintains such testing will confirm hisinnocence of the crime for which he was sentenced to death.In two other prominent death penalty cases—Melissa Lucio and Kerry Max Cook—courts madedeterminations of “actual innocence.” Lucio’s case remains pending at the Texas Court of CriminalAppeals (CCA), which is considering whether to accept the trial court’s recommendation to overturn herconviction and death sentence, while Cook was officially exonerated by the Texas CCA nearly fifty yearsafter his first conviction.Texas was one of nine states to carry out executions in 2024, with Alabama accounting for the mostexecutions this year (six total). Four of the five men (80 percent) put to death by Texas were Black orHispanic. Harris County accounted for two of the five executions in 2024.Death sentences remained in the single digits for the tenth consecutive year, with juries sending six newpeople to death row. Five of the six men are people of color. Tarrant County alone accounted for half ofthese new sentences, with juries there sending three people of color to death row.The cases and statistics cited in this report raise serious alarms about the reliability and fairness ofTexas’s death penalty system. They also demonstrate the obstacles that often stand in the way of truthand due process. The persistent problems with the death penalty—particularly its arbitrary and biasedimposition—should compel concerned citizens and elected officials to confront the realities of capitalpunishment and examine the efficacy and cost of executions as a means of achieving justice.Table of ContentsIntroduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1Death Sentences ................................................................................................................................. 1Jury Rejections and Other Non-Death Outcomes .............................................................................. 4Executions ........................................................................................................................................... 5Stays of Execution ............................................................................................................................... 7Significant Post-Conviction Rulings..................................................................................................... 10Reduced Sentences and Deaths in Custody ....................................................................................... 11Lethal Injection Issues......................................................................................................................... 12Conclusion........................................................................................................................................... 12Table 1: New Death Sentences in Texas in 2024 ................................................................................ 13Table 2: Texas Executions in 2024 ...................................................................................................... 13Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death PenaltyP.O. Box 82212Austin, TX 78708-2212(512) 552-5948www.tcadp.org@TCADPdotORGReport release date: December 19, 2024Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2024: The Year in Review is available online athttps://tcadp.org/reports/. Contact TCADP Executive Director Kristin Houlé Cuellar at kristin@tcadp.orgfor more information.1Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2024: The Year in ReviewIntroductionThe Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty publishes this report to inform the public and electedofficials about issues associated with the death penalty over the past year. The report presentsinformation on death sentences and scheduled executions, reduced sentences, post-conviction rulings,and other issues impacting the administration of capital punishment in Texas.Death SentencesNew Death SentencesDeath sentences have fallen from a peak of forty-eight death verdicts in 1999 to single digits each of thepast ten years.Juries in Texas sent six new individuals to death row in 2024. Tarrant County alone accounted for threeof the new death sentences.On average, more than four years elapsed between the time of the crime and when the capital trials ofthese six defendants commenced.• On January 31, 2024, a Hidalgo County jury sentenced Victor Godinez to death after deliberating fornearly twelve hours. Godinez was convicted of killing Moises Sanchez, a trooper for the TexasDepartment of Public Safety, after Sanchez responded to a vehicular accident involving Godinez onApril 6, 2019. According to the prosecution’s case, Godinez opened fire at Sanchez while fleeing thescene. Sanchez died several months later, in August 2019, following a surgery. It was the first newdeath sentence in Hidalgo County since 2005.• On April 24, 2024, a Tarrant County jury sentenced Paige Terrell Lawyer to death for killing hisformer girlfriend, O’Tishae Womack, and her ten-year-old daughter, Ka’Myria Womack, in 2018. Itwas the first new death sentence in Tarrant County since 2019.4834263728 2414 11 14 12 9 8 8 9 9 11 3 3 4 7 4 2 3 2 3 6010203040506019992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024New Death Sentences in Texas2• On May 2, 2024, a Johnson County jury sentenced Jerry Elders to death for kidnapping and killingRobin Waddell after stealing her car while fleeing law enforcement in 2021. He is the only personcurrently on death row from Johnson County.• On November 13, 2024, a Gregg County jury sentenced Gregory Newson to death for killing PanolaCounty Deputy Chris Dickerson in 2019. The trial was moved from Panola to Gregg County due topretrial publicity. After four days of testimony, the jury deliberated for less than an hour beforedelivering a guilty verdict on October 28, 2024. Following several hours of additional testimony inthe punishment phase, jurors decided there were no mitigating factors to preclude a death sentenceand rejected evidence presented by the defense that Newson has intellectual disability.• On November 20, 2024, a Tarrant County jury sentenced Christopher Turner to death for therobbery and murder of Anwar Ali, the owner of a convenience store, in 2020. At one point leadingup to the trial, Turner fired his appointed attorneys and went pro se. He later requested to berepresented by the new standby counsel who had been appointed.• On December 4, 2024, a Tarrant County jury sentenced Jason Thornburg to death for killing threepeople in Euless in 2021: David Lueras; Lauren Phillips; and Maricruz Reyes-Mathis. Jurors rejectedThornburg’s insanity defense. Thornburg grew up on a Navajo reservation. His defense attorneysargued he suffered from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder and mental health issues.New Death Sentences by CountyThe death penalty remains geographicallyisolated within Texas. This year, just onejurisdiction—Tarrant County—accounted for50 percent of the new death sentences. It isthe first time since 2014 that a county hassent more than one new person to deathrow in a single year. (In 2014, Harris Countyjuries sentenced four people to death.)Tarrant has now surpassed Bexar County forthe third-highest number of people (78total) sentenced to death in Texas since1974, behind Harris (298) and Dallas (108)counties.Juries in just thirteen of the 254 counties inTexas have imposed new death sentences inthe last five years. Only juries in Harris andTarrant counties have sentenced more thanone person to death in this period. One-thirdof all death sentences in the last five yearscome from those two counties.Texas Death Sentences by County, 2020-20243Texas Counties with More Than One Death Sentence in the Last Five YearsCounty 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total2020-2024Total People Sentenced toDeath Since 1974Harris 1 0 1 0 0 2 298Tarrant 0 0 01 0 3 3 78Total Harris &Tarrant 1 0 1 0 3 5 376All Counties 2 3 2 3 6 16 1,126New Death Sentences by RaceAs death sentences decline in Texas, they continue to be applied disproportionately to people of color.In 2024, five of the six men sentenced to death are peop [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [2] => Death Row Conditions [3] => Fair Trial [4] => Innocence [5] => Intellectual Disability [6] => Legal Representation [7] => Mental Illness [8] => Moratorium [9] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://tcadp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Texas-Death-Penalty-Developments-in-2024-FINAL-REPORT.pdf ) [108] => Array ( [objectID] => 27175 [title] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 2024 [timestamp] => 1734393600 [date] => 17/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-adopted-by-the-general-assembly-on-17-december-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The General Assembly of the United Nations calls for a global moratorium on the death penalty, emphasizing the importance of human rights, fair trials, and transparency. It encourages states to reduce capital punishment offenses, improve detention conditions, and share their experiences in limiting or abolishing the death penalty. [texte] => United Nations A/RES/79/179General Assembly Distr.: General19 December 202424-24220 (E)*2424220*Seventy-ninth sessionAgenda item 71 (b)Promotion and protection of human rights: human rightsquestions, including alternative approaches for improvingthe effective enjoyment of human rights andfundamental freedomsResolution adopted by the General Assemblyon 17 December 2024[on the report of the Third Committee (A/79/458/Add.2, para. 99)]79/179. Moratorium on the use of the death penaltyThe General Assembly,Guided by the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the UnitedNations,Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1 the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights,2 the Convention on the Rights of the Child 3and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of RacialDiscrimination,4Recalling the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civiland Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, 5 and in this regardwelcoming the increasing number of accessions to and ratifications of the SecondOptional Protocol,Recalling also its resolutions 62/149 of 18 December 2007, 63/168 of18 December 2008, 65/206 of 21 December 2010, 67/176 of 20 December 2012,69/186 of 18 December 2014, 71/187 of 19 December 2016, 73/175 of 17 December2018, 75/183 of 16 December 2020 and 77/222 of 15 December 2022 on the questionof a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, in which the General Assembly calledupon States that still maintain the death penalty to establish a moratorium onexecutions with a view to abolishing it,__________________1 Resolution 217 A (III).2 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.3 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.4 Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464.5 Ibid., vol. 1642, No. 14668.A/RES/79/179 Moratorium on the use of the death penalty24-242202/5Recalling further all relevant decisions and resolutions of the Human RightsCouncil, the most recent of which was resolution 54/35 of 13 October 2023,6Mindful that any miscarriage or failure of justice in the implementation of thedeath penalty is irreversible and irreparable,Convinced that a moratorium on the use of the death penalty contributes torespect for human dignity and to the enhancement and progressive development ofhuman rights, and considering that there is no conclusive evidence of the deterrentvalue of the death penalty,Noting ongoing local and national debates and regional initiatives on the deathpenalty, as well as the readiness of an increasing number of Member States to makeavailable to the public information on the use of the death penalty, and also, in thisregard, the decision by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 26/2 of 26 June20147 to convene biennial high-level panel discussions in order to further exchangeviews on the question of the death penalty,Recognizing the role of national human rights institutions and civil society incontributing to ongoing local and national debates and regional initiatives on thedeath penalty,Noting the long-term reductions in reported executions, as well as the increasein commutations of death sentences, and welcoming all measures taken by Statestowards limiting the application of the death penalty,Expressing with deep concern that, despite the global trend towards limiting theapplication of the death penalty, there has been a recent surge in reported executions,Emphasizing the need to ensure that persons facing the death penalty haveaccess to justice without discrimination of any kind, including access to legal counsel,that they are treated with humanity and with respect for their inherent dignity and incompliance with their rights under international human rights law, and to improveconditions in prisons in accordance with international standards, notably the UnitedNations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson MandelaRules)8 and the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners andNon-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), 9Noting with deep concern that, as shown in recent reports of the Secretary-General, frequently, poor and economically vulnerable persons, foreign nationals,persons exercising their human rights and persons belonging to religious or ethnicminorities are disproportionately represented among those sentenced to the deathpenalty and the discriminatory application of the death penalty, to women, 10Noting that transparent reporting and access to information regarding the use ofthe death penalty and criminal prosecutions can expose discriminatory practices orimpact in the imposition and application of the death penalty, and recalling that,particularly in cases of capital punishment, States must guarantee transparency inorder to ensure that all persons benefit from due process guarantees,Noting also the negative impact that the imposition of the death penalty has onthe rights of children whose parents or parental caregivers face the death penalty, aswell as other family members,__________________6 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-eighth Session, Supplement No. 53A(A/78/53/Add.1), chap. III, sect. A.7 Ibid., Sixty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/69/53), chap. V, sect. A.8 Resolution 70/175, annex.9 Resolution 65/229, annex.10 See, inter alia, A/73/260 and A/75/309.Moratorium on the use of the death penalty A/RES/79/1793/524-24220Noting further the technical cooperation among Member States, as well as therole of relevant United Nations entities and human rights mechanisms, in supportingState efforts to establish moratoriums on the death penalty,Bearing in mind the work of the treaty bodies and special procedure mandateholders that have addressed human rights issues related to the death penalty withinthe framework of their respective mandates,Welcoming the considerable movement towards the abolition of the deathpenalty globally and the fact that many States with different legal systems, traditions,cultures and religious backgrounds are applying a moratorium, including long -standing moratoriums, either in law or in practice, on the use of the death penalty,Expressing deep concern about the continued application of the death penalty,1. Reaffirms the sovereign right of all countries to develop their own legalsystems, including determining appropriate legal penalties, in accordance with theirinternational law obligations;2. Calls upon all States to establish a moratorium on executions, with a viewto abolishing the death penalty;3. Recalls the duty of States, regardless of their political, economic andcultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms;4. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation ofresolution 77/222 and the recommendations contained therein;115. Also welcomes the steps taken by some States to reduce the number ofoffences for which the death penalty may be imposed, as well as steps taken to limitits application, including by commuting death sentences;6. Further welcomes initiatives and political leadership encouraging nationaldiscussions and debates on the possibility of moving away from capital punishmentthrough domestic decision-making;7. Welcomes the decisions made by an increasing number of States from allregions, at all levels of government, to apply a moratorium on executions, followedin many cases by the abolition of the death penalty;8. Calls upon all States:(a) To respect international standards that provide safeguards guaranteeingprotection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, in particular the minimumstandards, as set out in the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50of 25 May 1984, as well as to provide the Secretary -General with information in thisregard;(b) To comply with their obligations under article 36 of the 1963 ViennaConvention on Consular Relations,12 particularly the obligation of a receiving Stateto, without delay, inform a sending State that a national of that State has been arrestedor committed to prison or to custody pending trial or is detained in any other manner,if the person concerned so requests; and the obligation of a receiving State to informthe person concerned without delay of their rights under article 36;(c) To make available relevant information, disaggregated by sex, age,disability, nationality and race, as applicable, and other applicable criteria, withregard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the number of persons sentenced todeath, the number of persons on death row and the location of their detention, and the__________________11 A/79/276.12 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 596, No. 8638.A/RES/79/179 Moratorium on the use of the death penalty24-242204/5number of executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed orcommuted on appeal or in which amnesty or pardon has been granted, and accordingto which procedure, as well as information on any scheduled execution, which cancontribute to possible informed and transparent national and international debates,including on the obligations of States pertaining to the use of the death penalty;(d) To ensure that any trial leading to the imposition of the death penaltycomplies with internationally recognized fair trial guarantees, such as a fair andpublic trial and the right to legal assistance, including adequate access to legal counselat every stage of the proceedings, without discrimination of any kind, including forpersons belonging to minorities and foreign nationals, bearing in mind that namelyfailure to respect fair trial guarantees in proceedings resulting in the imposition of thedeath penalty could constitute a violation of the right to life;(e) To progressively restrict the use of the death penalty and not to imposecapital punishment for offences committed by persons below 18 years of age or whoseage above 18 years at the time of the commission of the crime cannot be accuratelydetermined, on pregnant women or on persons w [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Juveniles [2] => Mental Illness [3] => Moratorium [4] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n24/412/56/pdf/n2441256.pdf ) [109] => Array ( [objectID] => 27130 [title] => 81st Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights: In- Person, Advocating Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1733961600 [date] => 12/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/81st-ordinary-session-achpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/achpr-81st-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) held its 81st Public Ordinary Session in Banjul, The Gambia, from 17 October – 6 November 2024. [texte] => The ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) held its 81st Public Ordinary Session in Banjul, The Gambia, from 17 October – 6 November 2024. (more…) "81st Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights: In- Person, Advocating Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Angola [1] => Burkina Faso [2] => Ethiopia [3] => Mauritius ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [110] => Array ( [objectID] => 27011 [title] => Beyond punishment: From criminal justice responses to drug policy reform [timestamp] => 1733961600 [date] => 12/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/beyond-punishment-from-criminal-justice-responses-to-drug-policy-reform/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Global Commission on Drug Policy’s report, Beyond Punishment: From Criminal Justice Responses to Drug Policy Reform, exposes how punitive drug policies have driven mass incarceration and grave human rights violations. In 2023 alone, over 3.1 million people were arrested for drug-related offenses, with 20% of the global prison population detained for such crimes - nearly half for simple possession.The report underscores the devastating consequences of prohibitionist policies, including over one million overdose deaths in the U.S. in the past two decades and 40,000 in Canada in just eight years. It also highlights systemic inequities, such as Indigenous peoples in Canada being six times more likely to face drug-related arrests than white counterparts. Furthermore, the report illustrates the disproportionate burdens on women and children, deepening cycles of poverty and marginalization.It examines the broad spectrum of criminal justice responses to drug offenses, ranging from stop-and-search practices that disproportionately target marginalized communities to extreme measures like the death penalty and enforced treatment. These approaches often violate human rights, perpetuate stigma, and fail to address the root causes of substance use.Offering a roadmap for reform, the report advocates for evidence-based strategies, including harm reduction measures (e.g., Overdose Prevention Centers, naloxone distribution, and safer supply programs), decriminalization and the legal regulation of drug markets. These approaches not only save lives but also reduce societal harms, foster dignity, and promote health and equity. [texte] => 1REPORTBEYOND PUNISHMENT:FROM CRIMINAL JUSTICERESPONSES TO DRUGPOLICY REFORMCÉSAR GAVIRIAFormer Presidentof ColombiaPAVEL BÉMFormer Mayor of Prague,Czech RepublicNICK CLEGGFormer Deputy Prime Ministerof the United KingdomRICARDO LAGOSFormer Presidentof ChileMICHÈLE PIERRE-LOUISFormer Prime Ministerof HaitiCASSAM UTEEMFormer Presidentof MauritiusDIEGO GARCÍA-SAYÁNFormer Minister of Justiceand Former Minister ofForeign Affairs of PeruHELEN CLARKFormer Prime Ministerof New Zealand( Chair )LOUISE ARBOURFormer High Commissionerfor Human Rights, CanadaJAVIER SOLANAFormer European Union HighRepresentative for the CommonForeign and Security Policy, SpainALEKSANDER KWASNIEWSKIFormer Presidentof PolandVERNESTO ZEDILLOFormer Presidentof MexicoJUAN MANUEL SANTOSFormer Presidentof ColombiaRICHARD BRANSONEntrepreneur, founder of the VirginGroup, United KingdomANAND GROVERFormer UN Special Rapporteuron the right to health, IndiaRUTH DREIFUSSFormer Presidentof SwitzerlandKGALEMA MOTLANTHEFormer Presidentof South AfricaJOSÉ RAMOS-HORTAReelected Presidentof Timor-LestePeruMARIO VARGAS LLOSAWriter and public intellectual,GEOFF GALLOPFormer Premierof Western AustraliaMARIA CATTAUIFormer Secretary-General of theInternational Chamber ofCommerce, SwitzerlandGEORGE PAPANDREOUFormer Prime Ministerof GreeceMICHEL SIDIBÉFormer UNAIDS Executive Directorand UN Under-Secretary General,MaliMICHEL KAZATCHKINEFormer Executive Director of theGlobal Fund to Fight AIDS,ADEEBA KAMARULZAMANChief Executive Officer, MonashUniversity Malaysia, and Proice-Chancellor and President (Malaysia),Monash University AustraliaFERNANDO HENRIQUECARDOSOFormer President of Brazil( Honorary Chair )MOHAMED ELBARADEIDirector General Emeritus of theInternational Atomic EnergyAgency, EgyptOLUSEGUN OBASANJOFormer Presidentof NigeriaTuberculosis and Malaria,Francehttp://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/https://www.facebook.com/globalcommissionondrugs/https://twitter.com/globalcdphttps://www.youtube.com/c/GlobalCommissiononDrugPolicyBEYOND PUNISHMENT:FROM CRIMINAL JUSTICERESPONSES TO DRUGPOLICY REFORM 2024 REPORTFOREWORD 5INTRODUCTION 6CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSES TO DRUGS 8THE DAILY IMPACTS OF PUNITIVE DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT 9TREATMENT AS PUNISHMENT 10EXTREME PUNISHMENTS 20ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES 25THE WAY FORWARD 40RECOMMENDATIONS 42GLOSSARY 44LIBRARY OF RESOURCES 46REFERENCES 48Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency agents and police arrest an allegeddrug dealer during a drug raid in Maharlika Village, Taguig, south of Manila.(Noel Celis /AFP via Getty Images)5FOREWORDAround the world, drug policies have been heavily influenced by the International Drug ControlConventions. Many governments have interpreted these as a mandate to pursue a ‘drug-free world,’ and often as justifying repressive measures. The consequences of this approachare clear - escalating incarceration rates, the erosion of human rights, and disproportionateimpacts on marginalized communities. It is not only the individuals caught in the net ofpunitive drug laws who suffer; entire communities are affected, as well as our collective healthand societal well-being.The Global Commission on Drug Policy has long called for a shift from punishment to evidence-based policies which prioritize health, human rights, and dignity. This report underscores theurgency of our mission. It details the ongoing harms caused by outdated drug laws, and itoffers concrete alternatives based on human rights and scientific evidence.Around the world, there is growing recognition that the “war on drugs” has failed. Manycountries are shifting toward harm reduction strategies, decriminalizing personal possession,and regulating markets to undermine illegal trade. While these shifts signal a broadermovement towards approaches which respect individual autonomy and address the socialdeterminants which drive drug dependency, the pace of change needs to be accelerated toaddress the ongoing harm effectively. The Global Commission remains committed to leadingthis transformation. We believe in a world where drug policies are not tools of repression, butinstruments of social justice and public health, and where the countless billions currently spenton drug law enforcement can be shifted into health, housing, and broader social responses.This report therefore is a call to action - for governments, civil society, and communities tocome together, to learn from both past failures and emerging successes, and to chart a newpath forward.Let us be clear: this is not about being ‘soft’ on crime; it’s about being sensible, humane, andjust. It’s about ensuring that drug policies promote safety, equity, and well-being for everyone.Helen ClarkChair of the Global Commission on Drug Policy6Drug prohibition has had catastrophic consequencesacross the globe. Attempts by States to control or elim-inate the drug trade have fuelled increased violence,toxic drug supplies, and crises in criminal justice sys-tems. Prohibition drives the use of the most dispropor-tionate and violent forms of punishment – the deathpenalty, arbitrary detention, torture, corporal punish-ment, coerced “treatment” – despite the use of thesebeing in violation of international human rights obli-gations. Over the last 60 years, punitive drug laws areresponsible for an explosion in the prison populationin countries worldwide, with disastrous consequenc-es on individuals, prisons, and public health. In 2022,seven million people were either suspected, arrested,or cautioned by police for a drug-related offense.1 It isnot just the extreme harms of prohibition that demandattention, but also the everyday harms, which see indi-viduals struggle to access non-judgmental healthcareor travel through their own neighbourhoods withoutharassment from law enforcement.Prohibition has undermined and damaged publichealth, human rights, and the rule of law. While thosewho control and profit from illegal markets are respon-sible for violence, exploitation, and undermining Statesecurity. It is the most vulnerable individuals who feelthe full brunt of the criminal justice system – those with-out control, those who are exploited, those with theleast power.I believe that drugs have destroyed many lives,but wrong government policies have destroyedmany more.Kofi AnnanFor over a century, countries have tried to reduce thedemand for, and supply of, drugs by arresting, prose-cuting, punishing, and sometimes even killing consum-ers, suppliers and producers. This trend has intensifiedsince the adoption of the International Drug ControlConventions (adopted respectively in 1961, 1971 and1988), essentially requiring governments to pursuedrug policies rooted in repression and punishment. Yeteveryday around the world, tens of millions of peoplefrom all socio-economic backgrounds, genders, ethnic-ities and religions use drugs. At its core, the criminaliza-tion of drug use and possession has always been a mis-guided approach to managing substance use in society.In 2022, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime(UNODC) estimated that 292 million people aged 15 to64 years used illicit substances2 – 1 in 18 people aroundthe world. Two decades ago, this figure was estimatedto be 180 million.3 Of those known to consume illicitsubstances, 78% use cannabis – a substance less harm-ful than alcohol or tobacco4 and with a long history oftraditional use by many communities. The majority ofthese 292 million people live in countries where theyare at risk of criminalization: if caught, they face im-prisonment or other forms of punishment, restrictionof liberties, and in some cases forced treatment. At thesame time, over half a billion people worldwide nowlive in jurisdictions where it is legal to access and con-sume cannabis, as more than half of U.S. states and anincreasing number of countries across the globe havelegalized its non-medical adult use.5Only a minority of people experience problems withtheir drug use. The UNODC has historically estimatedthat about 10-14% of people who use drugs experi-ence dependency – that means approximately 9 outof 10 people use drugs in a non-dependent manner.6The triggers for drug dependency are multifaceted,often including responses to trauma, adverse child-hood experiences, homelessness, and self-medicationfor health conditions or neurodiversity.7,8 Respondingto these experiences by criminalizing people is dis-proportionate and counterproductive. Rather thanaddressing the underlying issues that contribute todependency, criminalization often exacerbates them,with punitive measures leading to further marginaliza-tion, making it harder for individuals to access support.Criminal justice responses to drugs vary in severityaround the world. Irrespective of the sanctions, demandfor drugs has grown exponentially, with supply and pro-duction reaching unprecedented levels.9 Markets forinternationally controlled substances, such as cocaine,amphetamines, and cannabis, continue to flourish.Governments must act boldly to mitigate the harmsof prohibition by regulating drug markets and up-holding human rights. This includes establishingOverdose Prevention Centers (OPCs), drug check-ing, safer supply models, providing naloxone andexpanding Opioid Agonist Therapy (OAT) programs.The urgency of these responses is heightened byNorth America’s overdose crises, which have claimedthe lives of over a million people in the US over thelast two decades10 and 40,000 in Canada in the pasteight years.11 Policymakers in Europe and beyond arerightly concerned about a similar crisis, given the riseof synthetic opioids, including nitazenes, which canbe more potent than fentanyl and are increasinglyfound mixed with heroin and other substances.12To address the underlying causes of drug dependen-cy, it is critical that services be (1) tailored to the needsof diverse groups, including women, young people,LGBTQIA+ communities, racial and ethnic minoritygroups, people in detention, and people who use stim-ulants and other non-opioid substances; (2) int [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/reports/beyond-punishment-from-criminal-justice-responses-to-drug-policy-reform ) [111] => Array ( [objectID] => 27018 [title] => Qarchak Prison Report: Hell for Women and Children in Iran [timestamp] => 1733788800 [date] => 10/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/qarchak-prison-report-hell-for-women-and-children-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) has released a detailed report exposing the inhumane conditions at Qarchak Prison in Iran, a facility originally designed as a poultry farm. The prison detains over 2,000 women and children in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, with a lack of healthcare, contaminated drinking water, and inadequate nutrition. Children, some born in the prison, are exposed to severe hardships, including unhygienic environments, insufficient food, and inadequate medical care, and are often separated from their mothers at the age of two.The report also highlights the use of solitary confinement for women, including death row prisoners awaiting execution. These cells lack ventilation and basic facilities, exacerbating the psychological and physical suffering of detainees. Mothers detained with their children face additional challenges, including threats of separation and the absence of educational or recreational resources for their children.IHRNGO calls for the immediate closure of Qarchak Prison and urges the international community to take action against these egregious human rights violations. This report underscores the urgent need to protect the dignity and rights of all prisoners, particularly the most vulnerable women and children. [texte] => IRANHUMANRIGHTSQarchak Prison:Hell for Women and ChildrenDecember 2024© Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) 2024Human Rights Day10 December 2024We are indebted to the female political prisoners exiled to Qarchak Prison as punishment, who chose to be the voice of some of the most marginalised and vulnerable women serving time for ordinary crimes in Iran. The courageous women who shed light on the dark realities of Qarchak Prison ask Iran’s civil society and the international community to fight for the humane treatment of prisoners convicted of ordinary crimes and the permanent closure of Qarchak Prison. No civil or political activist should be in any prison, especially in a hellhole like Qarchak Prison.Acknowledgement3 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSTable of ContentsIntroductionHistory of Qarchak PrisonPrison ConditionsSanitationMenstrual HygieneHealthcareFood QualitySeparation of ChargesChildren in Qarchak PrisonAid That Does Not Reach the ChildrenUndocumented Children: Mothers Threatened with HavingTheir Children Taken into State CareMother and Child Ward: Unsanitary and UnhygienicChild Abuse in Qarchak PrisonHealthcare and Children’s IllnessesRecommendationsEndnotes456788101011121213141516164 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSQarchak Prison in Varamin (Tehran province) has become one of the darkest symbols ofsystematic human rights violations in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Originally designedas a poultry farm, the facility has been transformed into an inhumane detention centrefor women prisoners, including political prisoners. The conditions in this prison notonly violate international principles such as the Bangkok Rules1 and the Nelson MandelaRules2 but also disregard the most basic principles of human dignity.At Qarchak, women are confined in extremely cramped spaces with inadequateventilation and lighting. They endure unsanitary drinking water, poor-quality food, lackof adequate healthcare services, and degrading, gender-based treatment as part of theirdaily suffering. Qarchak is not only a prison filled with violence and abuse but also, dueto severe overcrowding and lack of basic facilities, many prisoners are deprived even ofsleeping space, forced to sleep on the floor.The prison is also a glaring symbol of violations against women and mothers. Motherswhose children stay with them in this hazardous and polluted environment until the ageof two when they are taken into state care. Often, these mothers have no means to findout about their children’s fate. Undocumented children born in this prison are caught ina cycle of deprivation and injustice from the moment they are born.IHRNGO Director, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam stated: “Qarchak Prison is a symbolof the blatant denial of humanity and human dignity. The continued operation of suchfacilities is a stain on the conscience of the world. Today, more than ever, we must call onthe international community not to remain silent in the face of such widespread humanrights violations.”By publishing this report, IHRNGO reiterates its demand for the immediate closureof Qarchak Prison and the transfer of all prisoners to facilities that meet minimuminternational standards. The existence of such places, especially in the 21st century, isa stark reminder that justice and human dignity are still sacrificed in many parts of theworld.We call on the international community, human rights organisations, and allconscientious individuals to take action to close down Qarchak Prison. This should notmerely be seen as a domestic issue; it is a test for the international community to unitein defending human dignity and rights. The closure of Qarchak Prison is a necessarystep toward securing prisoners’ rights and a symbol of global commitment to justice andhumanity.Introduction5 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSHistory of Qarchak PrisonThe facility now known as Qarchak Prison, which houses female inmates, was originally built to meet thestandards of a poultry farm. Over time, its purpose shifted, first reused as a men’s addiction rehabilitationcentre. When authorities decided to use the facility to detain female prisoners, no significant structuralchanges were made. Consequently, there are no windows and when the iron gates to the open-air areas areclosed, inmates are left staring at walls.Mojgan Inanlou, a filmmaker, writer, and documentarian who was arrested for supporting the “Woman,Life, Freedom” nationwide uprising, was detained at Qarchak for a period and shared her experience withIran Human Rights. She said: “Behind them was an iron gate which opened at 7 a.m. and was locked at5 p.m. The only access to fresh air was when that iron gate was open. When it was closed, there were twosmall holes the size of lentils on the gate. I would look at the sky through those holes. I waited for sunrisewhile everyone else was asleep. I would keep watching until the sun rose. Later, a line would form behindme. I always reserved my spot at 4 a.m. At 7 a.m., a police officer, two soldiers, and one woman wouldarrive through a door at the end of the yard, known as the shop door. They would unlock the latch, walkaway, and lock the outer door behind them so we could open the inner door.”The wards are essentially large industrial sheds designed to house poultry. Each hall has a capacity of fewerthan 100 people, but they typically house over 150 inmates. At times, this number has reached as highas 600, leaving prisoners with no space to sleep, even on the floor. On average, between 1,500 and 2,000women are held in Qarchak Prison throughout most of the year.6 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSDue to its unsanitary conditions, lack of resources, and severe punitive measures, Qarchak Prison hasbecome notorious as an exile destination to punish female political prisoners and civil activists.Prison ConditionsIn an interview with IHRNGO , one former prisoner reported an infestation of pests, includingcockroaches, which attack food whenever possible. According to prisoner accounts, the facility is not onlyoverrun by these pests but also frequented by rats, salamanders, lizards, water bugs, and even venomoustarantulas.The prison’s water is undrinkable and, if not boiled and filtered, can cause various gastrointestinal andkidney diseases. Political prisoners who were temporarily exiled to this prison report that the water isunsuitable even for showering. One political prisoner, detained at Qarchak during the “Woman, Life,Freedom” protests told Iran Human Rights that bathing with the mineral-laden water caused her todevelop severe eczema, requiring nearly a year of treatment after her release.Narges Mohammadi, human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and Aliyeh Motalebzadeh,journalist and civil activist, were exiled to this prison on 20 July 2022. In a joint letter, they described theconditions: “The severe and oppressive heat, the contaminated, undrinkable water, which was unsuitablefor even showering, the warehouse-like structure without natural light or airflow, the decayed sewagesystem, and inadequate living infrastructure represent only a fraction of the relentless suffering inflictedon every woman in this prison.”There is no water purification system in the prison. Women who wish to drink safe clean water must7 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSpurchase bottled water at exorbitant prices from the prison shop, which many prisoners cannot afford.Even the low-quality tap water is subject to intermittent cuts during the hot season. Due to overcrowding,many inmates do not have access to beds and are forced to sleep on the floor.Women who struggle with substance use disorder and inmates with contagious diseases, including HIVand Hepatitis B, are not separated from the rest of the population. Some of these individuals, servinglong sentences, reportedly extort other inmates by threatening to infect them using blood-contaminatedneedles.Additionally, due to frequent water outages, prison authorities turn off evaporative coolers in thewards, exacerbating the sweltering heat during summer. This unbearable heat significantly heightenspsychological stress amongst the prisoners, causing minor disputes to escalate into severe conflicts.SanitationEach ward in Qarchak Prison, with an average of 150 inmates, has a maximum of three or four toilets,which are reported to be in deplorable sanitary conditions. As aforementioned, the prison building wasoriginally designed as a poultry farm and lacks a sewage system suitable for human habitation.Mojgan Keshavarz, a women’s rights activist who was imprisoned in Qarchak, told Iran IHRNGO:“Sometimes the prison’s sewage overflows into the yard and gradually covers the entire floor of the outdoorarea, preventing women from going outside for fresh air. The stench fills the prison, especially at night,making the conditions unbearable for inmates.”8 | Qarchak Prison: Hell for Women and Children IRANHUMANRIGHTSShe added: “The sewage flooding into the wards attracts swarms of insects, and the toxic smell causesrespiratory issues for the women confined in those wards.”The prison’s phone booths are located in the outdoor area, forcing inmates to wade through sewage tomake calls. Another political prisoner noted that a few phones were temporarily installed indoors, but theywere removed for unknown reasons. In both extreme heat and cold, inmates must wait in long lines tohave a few minutes of phone time with their families.The sanitation issue is not confined to prisoner facilities. There are no toilets for visitors, despite theprison’s remote location far from the city, posing yet another problem.Mojgan Inanlou recounted that during her detention, a ward designed for 30 people housed 175 prisoners,with only four toilets. One toilet was reserved for the ward representative (head prisoner in each ward) andno one else was allowed to use it. Another toile [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/articles/7185/ ) [112] => Array ( [objectID] => 26998 [title] => Algolia refaire tout l’index [timestamp] => 1733443200 [date] => 06/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/algolia-refaire-tout-lindex/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [113] => Array ( [objectID] => 27015 [title] => Hidden Casualties: Executions Harm Mental Health of Prison Staff [timestamp] => 1733356800 [date] => 05/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hidden-casualties-executions-harm-mental-health-of-prison-staff/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Executions take a severe psychological toll on prison staff, with many experiencing PTSD, moral injury, and emotional distress. This article explores the hidden casualties of the death penalty, revealing how executioners and correctional officers face mental health challenges that often go unacknowledged. With insights from studies, personal accounts, and cases across the U.S., it highlights the urgent need for systemic support and reform. [texte] => In March, Oklahoma officials asked the state’s high court to increase the time between executions from 60 to 90 days, citing the “lasting trauma” and “psychological toll” of executions on corrections officers. But Judge Gary Lumpkin dismissed these concerns, telling officials that prison staff needed to “suck it up” and “man up.” A few weeks later, Brian Dorsey was executed in Missouri after the governor ignored the pleas of an unprecedented 72 corrections officers to grant him clemency. “We are part of the law enforcement community who believe in law and order…But we are in agreement that the death penalty is not the appropriate punishment for Brian Dorsey,” the officers had written. Mr. Dorsey was executed not on death row, but 15 miles away at a different prison; the state moved the execution chamber in 2005 in part because of the effect on morale for death row staff who had to execute the same people they had spent years looking after. These examples illustrate how some corrections staff are adversely affected by executions, facing mental health challenges that the legal system often fails to take seriously.Executions can cause prison staff to suffer psychological distress similar to what veterans experience after war. A 2022 NPR investigation found that corrections officers faced symptoms such as insomnia, nightmares, panic attacks, suicidal thoughts, personality changes, and substance abuse – all hallmarks or comorbidities of post-traumatic stress disorder. Of the 16 people NPR interviewed who participated in executions, none supported the death penalty in their wake. Psychologists use the term “moral injury” to describe how committing an act that contradicts one’s deeply held beliefs, such as causing another person’s death, creates a severe psychological disruption. Robert Jay Lifton and Greg Mitchell coined the term “executioner stress” to describe the specific mental impact of carrying out the death penalty. Some corrections officers who participate in executions relive their trauma in vivid detail. A former executioner from Mississippi said that his job was like “being in a car wreck that goes on forever.” Ron McAndrew, who ran the electric chair in Florida, drank a bottle of scotch a day after seeing a man’s head catch fire. He said he was “haunted by the men [he] was asked to execute” and would wake up in the middle of the night to find them “lurking at the foot of [his] bed.” The stress may also extend to guards who do not participate in the execution itself, but develop close relationships with death-sentenced prisoners over the course of decades working on death row. Some corrections officers have remarked that they spend more time with the people on death row than their own families. They may come to see the condemned prisoners as friends, or witness the prisoners’ mental or physical vulnerabilities. In studies, officers have expressed concerns about the arbitrariness of the death penalty, noting that they had worked with many people with life sentences who committed equivalent or worse crimes than the people the officers helped put to death. South Carolina has a particularly acute history of psychological trauma in executions. A 2021 investigation found that a former South Carolina executioner died by suicide, and two execution team members sued the department of corrections for violating their rights and intentionally inflicting emotional distress by pressuring them to participate in executions without mental health support. Both men are considered permanently disabled due to PTSD and depression from their work. One, Craig Baxley, called himself the “definition of a serial killer” and said that he had considered suicide because he felt that he was “condemned by God.”After resuming executions this year for the first time since 2011, South Carolina executed Richard Moore on November 1 over the objections of former corrections director Jon Ozmint, who wrote that Mr. Moore had lived an “exemplary life” and served as a “powerful force for good” in the prison system. A few weeks later, the state supreme court announced that it would delay issuing execution warrants until January in order to have a break for the holiday season. The ruling followed a defense motion that argued that “consecutive executions with virtually no respite will take a substantial toll on all involved, particularly during a time of year that is so important to families.”Dow Hover, an elderly bald white man wearing an officer uniform with badge.Dow Hover, New York’s last executioner, who served from 1953 – 63 and executed dozens of people in the electric chair. He later died by suicide. The psychological toll of performing executions is not a new phenomenon. Donald Cabana and Jerry Givens both conducted executions in the beginning of the modern era, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and went on to publicly oppose the death penalty. “There is a part of the warden that dies with his prisoner,” Mr. Cabana often said. Journalist Jennifer Gonnerman researched New York’s last four executioners, who oversaw the use of the electric chair from 1913 through 1963, a period during which hundreds of people were put to death. Several of the men experienced medical issues around the time of executions, such as migraines or fainting spells. One, Robert Elliot, later became a prominent death penalty abolitionist. Two of the men, John Hulbert and Dow Hover, died by suicide. Yet prison staff have long faced a culture of silence about execution-related trauma. “We don’t talk about it,” said Justin Jones, director of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections from 2005 to 2013, who joined the effort to increase the time between executions. “Correctional officers are public servants on the lowest salaries in state government, and they get home at the end of the day and just absorb it.” NPR’s investigation revealed that some execution team members had never even told their families they participated. “We all knew to keep it silent,” said Catarino Escobar, who worked on the execution squad in Nevada. Mr. Escobar was strapped to the gurney when he played the prisoner during a practice session, and he grew panicked and became convinced he was going to die. NPR found that only one of the officers they interviewed had ever received mental health care related to their position, and even when care was offered, it was “overwhelmingly optional” and “many of them avoided asking for it so as not to seem weak.” In this context, unified efforts by corrections staff to address the psychological effects of executions represent a milestone. The Oklahoma effort originated with a group of nine former Oklahoma corrections officials, who wrote a letter to Attorney General Gentner Drummond asking for extended time based on the detrimental impact of the job and the lack of mental health support. They noted that execution team members experience an increased risk of PTSD, suicide, and substance abuse, and the grueling preparation schedule put staff members throughout the prison on edge due to “near-constant mock executions being conducted within earshot of prisoners’ cells, staff offices, and visiting rooms.” With few state resources at their disposal, some employees even resorted to talking with defense mental health experts visiting the prison “about the distress they are experiencing due to the nonstop executions.” This compressed execution schedule also increases the risk of something going wrong during the execution process because the stress created by each execution compounds the difficulty of an already complex procedure. If even a routine execution can inflict lasting harm on corrections staff, the traumatic impact of a botched execution is exponentially worse. Oklahoma has experienced this harm on multiple occasions and should not needlessly place its hardworking correctional staff at risk of another such mistake. Former Oklahoma Corrections Officials640px Oklahoma Mc Alester through Mountain View NARA 68147176Prison staff were reportedly angered by Judge Lumpkin’s comments that they needed to “man up” and the suggestion that their concerns were not valid. “Anybody that thinks that executing somebody is no problem has not been a part of the process,” said Justin “JJ” Humphrey, the state assembly chair of a criminal justice and corrections committee and 20-year veteran of the corrections department. The Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals eventually granted the extension request in May. While acknowledging the similarities between conducting an execution and killing on the battlefield, former corrections director and military veteran Allen L. Ault argued that “there was one major difference”: in war, the “enemy was an anonymous, armed combatant who was threatening my life.” By contrast, “the condemned prisoner is a known human being who is totally defenseless when brought into the death chamber.” He wrote that correctional staff witness the “changed mind-sets and profound remorse” of death-sentenced prisoners over many years, and “the damage [of an execution] spills over into the larger prison community.” Former Missouri corrections officer Tim Lancaster, a 27-year veteran of the department, expressed similar feelings in describing his disbelief and sadness about Mr. Dorsey’s execution. As the prison barber, Mr. Dorsey was considere [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/hidden-casualties-executions-harm-mental-health-of-prison-staff ) [114] => Array ( [objectID] => 27014 [title] => The politics of abolition: Reframing the death penalty’s history in comparative perspective [timestamp] => 1733356800 [date] => 05/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-politics-of-abolition-reframing-the-death-penaltys-history-in-comparative-perspective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Literature on opposition to the death penalty typically characterizes abolition as inexorable and attributes its fulfillment to the age of human rights. Although most countries abolished capital punishment after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, this article uses three comparative case studies to demonstrate abolition’s entanglement with a broader range of political, legal, and cultural factors. Applying a historically grounded nonteleological approach, we offer three insights. First, civilizationist values drove abolitionism in countries in the “vanguard,” such as Canada and England/Wales, where human rights rationales were expressed well after abolition and as a mark of superiority. Second, death penalty abolition has often allied with decolonization and penal reform, but assertions of independence and sovereignty have periodically provoked reinstatement, as in Mexican and Philippine history, which underscores the fragility of abolition. Third, state-centric approaches to de jure and de facto abolition overlook the practice of extrajudicial and summary “rebel” executions in polities such as Myanmar and Mali, which lack a state monopoly on force. Further historical studies that do not presuppose a human rights explanation of abolition and that compare jurisdictions within as well as between the Global North and South will better grasp the death penalty’s complex history. [texte] => Punishment & SocietyOnlineFirst© The Author(s) 2024, Article Reuse Guidelineshttps://doi.org/10.1177/14624745241298220LogoCreative Commons License (CC BY-NC 4.0)ArticleThe politics of abolition: Reframing the death penalty's history in comparative perspectiveCarolyn Strangehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4377-8958, Daniel Pascoe, and Andrew NovakAbstractLiterature on opposition to the death penalty typically characterizes abolition as inexorable and attributes its fulfillment to the age of human rights. Although most countries abolished capital punishment after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, this article uses three comparative case studies to demonstrate abolition’s entanglement with a broader range of political, legal, and cultural factors. Applying a historically grounded nonteleological approach, we offer three insights. First, civilizationist values drove abolitionism in countries in the “vanguard,” such as Canada and England/Wales, where human rights rationales were expressed well after abolition and as a mark of superiority. Second, death penalty abolition has often allied with decolonization and penal reform, but assertions of independence and sovereignty have periodically provoked reinstatement, as in Mexican and Philippine history, which underscores the fragility of abolition. Third, state-centric approaches to de jure and de facto abolition overlook the practice of extrajudicial and summary “rebel” executions in polities such as Myanmar and Mali, which lack a state monopoly on force. Further historical studies that do not presuppose a human rights explanation of abolition and that compare jurisdictions within as well as between the Global North and South will better grasp the death penalty’s complex history.Keywordsdeath penalty, abolition, comparative studies, punishment, politics, history, human rights, postcolonial studies1Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia2City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China3George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USACorresponding author(s):Carolyn Strange, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Email: carolyn.strange@anu.edu.auMost contemporary accounts of the death penalty's abolition are based on a history of penal progress that escalated in the era of human rights. Gravitation toward a purported international norm, typically traced back to the Enlightenment, accelerated as conventions, covenants, and protocols proliferated two centuries later, defining the death penalty as a violation of human rights (Jouet, 2023). From the quill pens of philosophes to the blog posts of grassroots activists, “the abolition of the death penalty is rapidly becoming a norm of international law,” thereby fostering a sense of optimism (Bessler, 2009: 203). In the global trend toward abolition, states that have lagged and those that refuse to follow have been identified as outliers that will ultimately join the fold. Support for abolition, previously associated with Western polities, is increasingly evident in African and former communist countries. Despite recent upticks in death sentences passed in retentionist jurisdictions, there is still a “glimmer of hope” that the trend Amnesty International has helped to foster, from 16 abolitionist countries in 1977 to close to 150 by the 2020s, will persist (Amnesty International, 2023). Prominent abolition scholars have acknowledged that the roads to ending the death penalty may differ, but maintain these paths orient to the same destination of shared values through “constant progress” (Schabas, 2004: 419). Aiming to aid abolition, this body of scholarship enlists the past to service a future free of the death penalty.Nevertheless, there are several problems with this progressivist orientation in the history of abolition. First, it demonstrates the “is-ought problem” by moving from descriptions of dominant historical trends in capital punishment and torture to what should be—the de jure defeat of the death penalty as the fulfillment of human rights in the present (Dudai, 2023; Moyn, 2011). Second, it positions human rights as the prime generator of the trend, based on the rapid increase in the number of abolitionist countries after their formal declarations in the mid-20th century, with European and other Western countries in the lead (Schabas, 1998; Zimring, 2003). And third, it makes unnecessarily sharp distinctions between abolition and retention, de jure and de facto (Haines, 2004). To tackle these problems requires a more critical analysis of the politics of abolition that focuses on the character of its advocacy and its opposition across time and jurisdictions (Jensen and Burke, 2024).A nonteleological diachronic approach to the death penalty's history, based on comparisons between polities, challenges the notion of a global abolition “movement” or “timeline,” despite the appealing cadence of these optimistic metaphors (Yorke, 2008). As this paper demonstrates, abolition has had many ideological and political fellow travelers aside from human rights, both historically and in the recent past. Studies based on the history of the death penalty in the United States in comparison with other democracies have long questioned the claimed linkage between liberal democracy and abolition. However, contrasting America to the rest of “the West” produces a limited range of questions and insights. Even scholarship that interrogates similarities between the United States and other retentionist jurisdictions still makes the former the focal point of analysis (Garland et al., 2011). Hood and Hoyle observe that “the concentration on the United States inevitably means that the findings provide a rather distorted and partial view of the death penalty looked at in its worldwide context” (2015: 3). A comparative approach need not center the United States to explore how support for abolition, retentionism, and reinstatism has been articulated, mobilized, and put into policy.This paper draws out underexplored strains of abolition's history by comparing three pairs of countries with similar histories—England/Wales and Canada, Mexico and the Philippines, and Mali and Myanmar. Building on recent studies that emphasize the need for “contextually and historically specific histories” of the death penalty beyond the concentration on the “Global North” (Black, 2022: 164), our pairings of jurisdictions question the utility of dividing “North” from “South” to capture the complexity of abolition's history, due to significant differences within, and not just between, that dichotomy (Patrick and Huskins, 2023). We demonstrate this by examining the politics of abolition in liberal parliamentary democracies, colonial and postcolonial polities, and de facto abolitionist states. Our study also highlights the need to identify and integrate numerous forms of governing authorities, not just nation states, to explain the diverse histories of capital punishment, its use, and disuse. As Daniel Little asserts, a comparative approach is the ideal vehicle for a “conjunctural contingent mesohistory” that foregrounds contingency, recognizes the role of individual and group agency in influencing the course of history, and anticipates a multiplicity of causes in historical change (Little, 2000: 90).Following this methodological prescription, we bring the distinctions commonly made between “retentionist” and “abolitionist” countries and between the death penalty's judicial and extrajudicial character into question. Drawing on evidence from our case studies, we ask: what arguments and tactics have informed abolition and its opposition in different regimes? What leaders, groups and institutions have shaped the politics of abolition? What events and forces, internal and external, have retained, abolished or reinstated the death penalty under changing historical circumstances? What legal and political mechanisms have sustained or rejected de facto abolition? Answering these questions requires tracking the “conjunctural unities and the particular articulations” of abolition and resisting the a priori assumption of its correspondence with the triumph of human rights (Decoteau, 2018: 96).Canada and the United Kingdom: The postwar vanguard and human rights in retrospectDelegates from Canada and the United Kingdom were significant players in the negotiations that led to the adoption of the UN Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. A Canadian lawyer wrote the first draft, and eight years earlier, British intellectual H.G. Wells published a tract titled “the rights of man.” In the 1950s, both governments conducted major inquiries into capital punishment and its possible abolition (Jayewardene, 1972: 370). Members of Parliament in the United Kingdom and Canada prepared abolition bills that required the endorsement of the upper house, granted first in England/Wales in 1969 and seven years later in Canada (Strange, 1995; Twitchell, 2012). Aside from this slight difference in timing, no executions were carried out in Canada after 1962 or in England or Wales after 1964. By the mid-1970s, both jurisdictions became mid-point members of the abolition club. Yet appeals to align national penal policy with human rights values did not drive the course of abolition. Well into the 20th century, aspirations to “civilization” focused on what it meant to be British, what it meant to be Canadian. Freighted with imperial and racist baggage, a civilizationist discourse infused British and Canadian death penalty politics (Celermajer and Lefebvre, 2020: 8–9). As the next section argues, it was only in retrospect that politicians identified human rights as the ideal that led to de jure abolition.The assumption that all abolitionist countries appear alike, based on the causal explanatory framework of human rights, seems apt at first glance for Britain and Canada. Nevertheless, as Garland cautions, each country's penal [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Canada [1] => Mali [2] => Mexico [3] => Myanmar [4] => Philippines [5] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14624745241298220 ) [115] => Array ( [objectID] => 26930 [title] => Singapore: Authorities must end human rights crackdown and unlawful drug related executions [timestamp] => 1733097600 [date] => 02/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singapore-authorities-must-end-human-rights-crackdown-and-unlawful-drug-related-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/statement-oct-24-singapore-500x250.jpg [extrait] => We, the undersigned seven organizations, are greatly alarmed at the deteriorating human rights situation in Singapore. Abstract of a joint statement published on 31 October 2024. To read the full statement. [texte] => We, the undersigned seven organizations, are greatly alarmed at the deteriorating human rights situation in Singapore. Abstract of a joint statement published on 31 October 2024. To read the full statement. (more…) "Singapore: Authorities must end human rights crackdown and unlawful drug related executions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [116] => Array ( [objectID] => 26918 [title] => Abolitionist advocacy at the 89th CEDAW Session [timestamp] => 1733097600 [date] => 02/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-advocacy-at-the-89th-cedaw-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/CEDAW-89-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The 89th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from 7 to 25 October 2024. [texte] => The 89th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from 7 to 25 October 2024. (more…) "Abolitionist advocacy at the 89th CEDAW Session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [117] => Array ( [objectID] => 26719 [title] => Collective reflection to support women and LGBTQIA+ people facing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1733097600 [date] => 02/12/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/collective-reflection-to-support-women-and-lgbtqia-people-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/seminar-gender-and-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The Gender and the Death Penalty seminar organized by the World Coalition in Philadelphia in September 2024 enabled to explore new abolitionist strategies. The event brought together organizations from 11 countries for stimulating exchanges. [texte] => The Gender and the Death Penalty seminar organized by the World Coalition in Philadelphia in September 2024 enabled to explore new abolitionist strategies. The event brought together organizations from 11 countries for stimulating exchanges. (more…) "Collective reflection to support women and LGBTQIA+ people facing the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [118] => Array ( [objectID] => 26953 [title] => New digital exhibition: Capital Letters from death row India [timestamp] => 1732147200 [date] => 21/11/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/new-digital-exhibition-capital-letters-from-death-row-india/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Project 39A has launched Capital Letters from death row India, a unique digital exhibition curated by reFrame. Featuring letters, artwork, audio recordings, and photographs created by prisoners on death row, the exhibition offers a deeply humanizing look into their lived experiences. Through eight thematic sections, visitors can explore the complex realities of life on death row and engage with stories of hope, trauma, and resilience. [texte] => ‘Capital Letters from death row India’ is an online exhibition commissioned by Project 39A and curated by reFrame through letters, audio recordings, photographs, and artwork created by the prisoners on death row. The exhibition is an attempt at creating an engaging and thought-provoking platform that humanises prisoners on death row and provides the public with an opportunity to understand the lived experiences of individuals on death row. This unique exhibition has eight sections that unravel the different aspects of life on death row. Each of these sections and the exhibition as a whole pieces together their stories using letters, video archives and interviews that span a number of years. The sections provide an insight into the complex realities of death row and bring the audience face to face with the person living the punishment. A key component of the exhibition are the letters written by prisoners who may still be living under the sentence of death, those whose sentences may have now been reduced, or even those who may have, by the time this exhibition reaches you, smelt the air of freedom. These letters are filled with stories of hope, hopelessness, trauma, memories, notes on their case, helplessness, loneliness, remorse, and desperation. The shadow of impending death that hangs over most of these letters confers a particular significance to what is being said in the letters and creates a space for expressing hope, affection, joy and love.The exhibition is an attempt to bring these perspectives into the public discourse, enabling a wider audience to engage with real-life narratives that underlie the judicial proceedings as they hold immense power to challenge prejudices, foster empathy, and promote a more nuanced understanding of justice and its implications for individuals and society. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://capitalletters.in/ ) [119] => Array ( [objectID] => 26713 [title] => 2024 Report of the Secretary-General – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1731974400 [date] => 19/11/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2024-report-of-the-secretary-general-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report provides information on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 77/222, including on developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions. Trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, are highlighted. Issues such as conditions of detention for persons on death row, the application of the death penalty to foreign nationals, its disproportionate and discriminatory application to women, its disproportionate impact on poor and economically vulnerable individuals, its discriminatory use on persons exercising their human rights, and various initiatives for advancing its abolition are also discussed. In the report, the Secretary-General welcomes progress made towards universal abolition in States representing different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds and concludes that all measures towards limiting the application of the death penalty constitute progress in the protection of the right to life. [texte] => The present report provides information on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 77/222, including on developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions. Trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, are highlighted. Issues such as conditions of detention for persons on death row, the application of the death penalty to foreign nationals, its disproportionate and discriminatory application to women, its disproportionate impact on poor and economically vulnerable individuals, its discriminatory use on persons exercising their human rights, and various initiatives for advancing its abolition are also discussed. In the report, the Secretary-General welcomes progress made towards universal abolition in States representing different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds and concludes that all measures towards limiting the application of the death penalty constitute progress in the protection of the right to life. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/79/276 ) [120] => Array ( [objectID] => 26951 [title] => Iraq: Surging Unlawful Executions [timestamp] => 1731974400 [date] => 19/11/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iraq-surging-unlawful-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Human Rights Watch highlights a dramatic increase in unlawful executions in Iraq in 2024. At least 50 men were executed in September, often without fair trials or prior notice to families. Reports reveal torture, inhumane detention conditions, and arbitrary practices. The organization calls for an immediate moratorium on the death penalty and urgent reforms to Iraq's judicial and prison systems. [texte] => (Beirut) – The Iraqi government dramatically increased the scale and pace of unlawful executions in 2024, Human Rights Watch said today. Cases Human Rights Watch documented show that the authorities are carrying out these executions without prior notice to lawyers or family members and despite credible allegations of torture and violations of the right to a fair trial. In January, Human Rights Watch reported that at least 150 prisoners at the Iraqi Nasiriyah Central Prison were facing imminent execution without warning. Authorities executed 13 men in Nasiriyah Central Prison on December 25, 2023, the first mass execution since 21 men were executed on November 16, 2020. About 8,000 people are believed to be on death row. “Iraqi authorities are carrying out state-sanctioned murder on a disturbing scale,” said Lama Fakih, Middle East and North Africa director at Human Rights Watch. “Signing off on these unlawful executions will leave President Abdul Latif Rashid’s legacy stained with blood.”Given the Iraqi judicial system’s well-established record of due process violations, amounting to arbitrary deprivation of the right to life, Iraq should urgently halt all pending executions and declare a moratorium with a view to abolishing the death penalty.Human Rights Watch interviewed five family members of nine men sentenced to death, three of whom were executed in the last three months; a lawyer representing dozens of people on death row who provided details about four cases; and two activists. Human Rights Watch sent a letter to the Ministry of Justice on October 14 detailing these allegations and requesting information on prison conditions, executions, and access to Nasiriyah Central Prison but has received no response.The Iraqi government does not publish official statistics on executions and would not provide them despite multiple requests. According to AFAD, an independent group that monitors human rights abuses in Iraq, authorities executed 50 men in September alone. In June, AFAD denounced what it called a surge in “secret executions,” stating it had documented 63 executions in the previous weeks that had not been publicly announced. In July, the Ministry of Justice denied allegations that it was carrying out secret executions, warning it would take legal action against any websites that publish “misleading news of this sort.” In October, President Rashid denied allegations circulating on social media that he had ratified death sentences en masse. Cases Human Rights Watch documented indicate that Iraqi authorities have increasingly threatened death row inmates and nongovernmental groups for speaking out about conditions in the Nasiriyah Central Prison. Since April, five men who had submitted anonymous complaints through a foreign lawyer to the United Nations were executed. Two of them had official reports from a medical committee under the Supreme Judicial Council of Iraq attesting that they had been tortured and were able to identify the officers who tortured them. Both men requested the prosecutor to open an investigation into the security personnel who they said tortured them, but their lawyer said an investigation was never opened. Both men also requested retrials, but authorities denied their requests due to the absence of a case file. These case files were destroyed in June 2014 when ISIS burned the courthouse holding them, their lawyer said.In his last communication with his lawyer in March 2024, one of those men said prison officials had discovered that he was transmitting information outside the prison, and expressed fear of retaliation, his lawyer told Human Rights Watch. In early April, the man was put in isolation, incommunicado, until authorities informed his family and lawyer in July that he had been executed.None of those interviewed said they had prior notice of executions, consistent with previous allegations. In some of the lawyers’ cases, prison officials called families to collect the bodies months after their execution.One family member said the cause of death on their relative’s death certificate is “execution by hanging,” but that there were no marks around the man’s neck to indicate hanging when they washed the body before burial, raising suspicions about the nature of his death.The family member also said that armed men from Iraqi state security forces, stationed outside the cemetery for weeks following the burial, harassed family members who visited the grave. The family member said they believed the reason for this was to prevent the family from exhuming the body for an independent autopsy. No autopsy record was provided to them.The Ministry of Justice did not respond to a Human Rights Watch request about the allegation. In another case, no cause of death was listed on the death certificate, reviewed by Human Rights Watch. One person said that security forces prevented the family from holding funeral ceremonies and stationed forces by the grave. “The last time I visited him [in prison], I noticed his nails were missing, his teeth had fallen out, and there were marks on his feet and around his neck,” she said.Human Rights Watch has reviewed photos of three bodies released after executions that show visible signs of mistreatment or torture, including heavy bruising, broken bones, wounds, and emaciation. Executions appear to have been carried out despite credible allegations of torture and other fair trial and due process violations. If the defendant’s fair trial guarantees have been violated, imposition of the death penalty is arbitrary and unlawful, Human Rights Watch said.UN Special Rapporteurs have reported that Nasiriyah Central Prison conditions are inhumane, including a lack of health care and sanitation, prolonged solitary confinement, limited time outdoors, overcrowding, and poor quality food.The rapporteurs said on June 27 that “the Government of Iraq’s systematic executions of prisoners sentenced to death based on torture-tainted confessions, and pursuant to an ambiguous counterterrorism law, amount to arbitrary deprivation of life under international law and may amount to a crime against humanity.”Human Rights Watch has sent four letters to the Ministry of Justice since October 2023 requesting information on prison conditions, executions, ratifications of death sentences, and access to Nasiriyah Central Prison. On April 24 the ministry responded that it was unable to provide figures on the number of death sentences issued or ratified, or executions carried out per year since 2020. In March, a Human Rights Watch representative met with President Rashid, Justice Minister Khaled Shwani, and three members of the President’s Advisory Council in Baghdad. President Rashid denied allegations of irregularities in death sentence ratification and outlined the steps his office has taken to ensure the rights of those facing the death penalty, reiterated in a response letter dated March 7. Minister Shwani denied allegations of ill-treatment, torture, and unlawful executions in Nasiriyah Central Prison, and promised to facilitate Human Rights Watch’s access to Nasiriyah, Karkh, and Rusafa prisons. Officials did not respond to subsequent requests for access or follow-up messages. President Rashid should immediately stop ratifying death penalties, effectively establishing a moratorium on its use until Parliament passes a law abolishing the death penalty. Human Rights Watch opposes the death penalty in all circumstances because of its inherent cruelty and irreversibility.In line with international legal standards and Iraqi criminal procedures, Iraq’s judges should investigate all credible allegations of torture and the security forces responsible, and transfer detainees to different facilities to protect them from retaliation. Judicial authorities should investigate and determine who was responsible for any incidents of torture, punish those responsible, and compensate the victim.“At this rate, Iraq is on track to become a world leader in unlawful executions,” Fakih said. “The government should rather focus its efforts on making meaningful reforms to the Iraqi judiciary and prison system and abolish the death penalty once and for all.” [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/11/19/iraq-surging-unlawful-executions ) [121] => Array ( [objectID] => 26954 [title] => DP3 Study: After 1,600 Executions, the Public and Police are Safer in States with No Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1731888000 [date] => 18/11/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dp3-study-after-1600-executions-the-public-and-police-are-safer-in-states-with-no-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Policy Project has published a comprehensive study analyzing over three decades of FBI homicide data. The findings reveal that U.S. states without the death penalty or with moratoria on executions are safer for both the public and police. By contrast, states actively carrying out executions rank among the least safe in the U.S. The study challenges long-held deterrence arguments and underscores the death penalty’s ineffectiveness as a public safety policy. [texte] => DP3 Study: After 1,600 Executions, the Public and Police are Safer in States with No Death PenaltyIf capital punishment serves a public safety purpose, having and using the death penalty should, over time, reduce a state’s murder rates. Or so the theory goes. Now, fifty-two years and 1,600 executions since the U.S. Supreme Court struck down all existing death penalty laws and told the states to start over, we have a clear answer. It doesn’t.A new study of more than three decades of FBI homicide data by the Death Penalty Policy Project has found that, after 1,600 executions, the public and police are actually safer in states that don’t have or have recently abolished the death penalty. And, among the death penalty states, the public and police are safer in states that currently have official moratoria on executions or have rarely executed anyone.Moreover, the states that are now most actively carrying out executions are among the least safe for the public and the most dangerous for police. They have failed to execute their way into violence prevention. From a public safety perspective, the death penalty has been a pointless exercise in cruelty.I. The Homicide StudyDeath penalty proponents have long claimed, without supporting evidence, that the death penalty is a deterrent to crime that makes the public and police safer. They also often have uncritically asserted that abolition of capital punishment would set loose a “parade of horribles,” increasing murder rates generally and declaring “open season” on police officers.To test these hypotheses, the Death Penalty Policy Project homicide study examined murder rates and killings of law enforcement personnel across the country from 1987 (the earliest year for which FBI Uniform Crime Statistics on officers feloniously killed in the line of duty were available) through 2019.1 We created five comparison groups to analyze the impact (if any) death penalty status has on murder rates and to assess the relative safety of the public and police in each of these groups.Those groups were: The individual states themselves. Death-Penalty States — states that had the death penalty throughout the study period. Non-Death-Penalty States — states that did not have the death penalty at any time during the study period. Transitional States — states that had the death penalty at the beginning of the study period but subsequently abolished it judicially or by legislation. The United States as a whole.For public safety and officer safety rankings, we also looked at where states stood in comparison to one another based upon their current death-penalty status. In that part of our analysis, we moved the four states that abolished the death penalty in 2020 or later from the death penalty group to the transitional group. We also analyzed state execution data to see what impact, if any, the number of executions carried out had on state public- and officer-safety rankings.The data in the transitional states was especially important in this analysis.• If the death penalty were a deterrent, the hypothesis would be that murders in the transitional states would rise following abolition, both in terms of increased homicide rates in the transitional states themselves and by comparison to murder rates in the death-penalty and non-death-penalty states as a whole.• Likewise, if the death penalty were necessary to protect law enforcement, the rates at which police were killed should noticeably increase both in the transitional states themselves and in comparison to the trends in death-penalty and non-death-penalty states as a whole.• And, if — as opponents of death-penalty abolition had argued — police officers were especially vulnerable without the death penalty and its repeal would lead to “open season on police officers,” you'd expect to see not just an increase in the rate at which police officers were killed, but an increase in the percentage of the state’s murders in which officer were victims.Here is what we found.II. States With No Death Penalty Had the Lowest Murder RatesFacts have long been the enemy of policies that are grounded in myth and fear. Murder data and the death penalty are a case in point. Contrary to the myth, the data strongly suggest that the death penalty makes no measurable contribution to public safety. The public was not safer in death penalty states and did not become safer over time the longer a state had the death penalty.The data show that, as a group, states that never had the death penalty had by far the lowest murder rates: 4.749 murders per 100,000 population, compared to 6.494 for death penalty states and 6.255 for the United States as a whole. That is a murder rate 1.37 times lower than in the long-time death penalty states and 1.32 times lower than in the U.S. as a whole. (Table 1.)The murder rates in the transitional states also pose a challenge to the deterrence hypothesis. In those states, the 33-year murder rate was three percent higher than the murder rate of the death penalty states that did not later repeal capital punishment, seven percent higher than the national murder rate, and 41% higher than the long-time abolitionist states. The comparison to the death penalty states would make sense from a deterrence perspective if the murder rate in the transitional states had risen over time relative to the death penalty states. But that is not what happened. The murder rate in the transitional states started higher and then fell over time, eventually mirroring the trends in the death penalty states, even after the transitional states had ended capital punishment.Figure 1, below, show the trends over time based upon state death-penalty status. The overall murder rate in the transitional states was substantially higher than all other categories of states from 1987 through 1994, finally dropping below the murder rates in the other death penalty states in 1995. After again topping the death penalty states in 1996, it remained below the murder rates in those states in 21 of the 23 following years. The murder rate in the transitional states has remained very close to, and even slightly below, the national rate for the last twenty-five years.The murder rate in the states that retained the death penalty throughout the study period was above the national average for all 33 years in the study. By contrast, in all 33 years covered by the study, states that never authorized capital punishment at any time during the study period had murder rates that were well below the national average.While the cumulative murder rates and murder trends of each of the death-penalty groupings is instructive, it is still possible that they are skewed by disproportionally higher or lower murder rates in large states within each group. For instance, did the murder rates in states like Texas and Florida skew the overall murder rate of the death penalty states as a whole? Did the murder rate in Illinois skew the overall murder rate of the transitional states? To help determine whether, and to what extent, state death-penalty status provides meaningful information about murder rates, we created a color-coded table displaying the death-penalty status of each state and ranking the states from safest to least safe.2 (Table 2, below.)What we found not only corroborated our conclusions from the murder data, it strengthened those conclusions: states that never had the death penalty tend by far to be the safest in the country. Half of the 12 long-time abolitionist states were among the ten safest states in the country; seven ranked among the 11 safest states. 83.3% of these states (10 of 12) had murder rates below the national average. And the 4.749 murder rate per 100,000 population, already substantially below the murder rate in death penalty states, was in fact skewed by the high murder rate in Detroit. Excluding Michigan — the only long-term abolitionist state to rank in the bottom third of states in public safety — the murder rate for the other 11 non-death penalty states fell by an astounding twenty percent to 3.799 per 100,000 population, or 58.5% the murder rate in the long-time death penalty states.Further, the rest of the safest states in the country had either recently abolished the death penalty, commuted their death rows, or used capital punishment very infrequently. Ten of the safest 24 states were long-term abolitionists.3 Six more had abolished the death penalty either during4 or after5 the study period. And of the remaining eight death penalty states, two had no one on death row,6 one had not executed anyone in the past fifty years,7 four others had averaged fewer than an execution per decade since the 1960s,8 and only one had carried out even eight executions since 1961.9On the other hand, 92% of the states that ranked in the bottom half of public safety — including all but two that had a murder rate above the national average — were death penalty states for most or all of the study period. Nine of the twelve least safe states (75%) were long-time death penalty states,10 along with the transitional states of Illinois, Maryland, and New Mexico. Likewise, 14 of the 18 least safe states had the death penalty throughout the three-decade-plus study period.11In short, murder rates in individual states tend to be higher if the state has the death penalty; and, collectively, murder rates are higher in states that have the death penalty than in states that do not.But what about the states that had the death penalty and subsequently abolished it? The most succinct description of what occurred after abolition is, “nothing” — or at least nothing systematic. There is no consistent pattern among the transitional states. Illinois, Maryland, and New York — each with large urban centers — and New Mexico have murder rates higher than the national rate and higher than the overall murder rate for the death penalty states. Connecticut, Delaware, and New Jersey have murder rat [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://dppolicy.substack.com/p/dp3-study-after-1600-executions-the?r=2ke8f9&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=email&triedRedirect=true ) [122] => Array ( [objectID] => 27147 [title] => RESOLUTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY BIANNUAL VOTE CALLING FOR A MORATORIUM ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY – ACHPR/Res.614 (LXXXI) 2024 [timestamp] => 1731542400 [date] => 14/11/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-on-the-united-nations-general-assembly-biannual-vote-calling-for-a-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-achpr-res-614-lxxxi-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The "Resolution on the United Nations General Assembly Biannual Vote Calling for a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty" (ACHPR/Res.614 (LXXXI) 2024) was adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights during its 81st Ordinary Session in November 2024. The resolution emphasizes the importance of promoting human rights in Africa, particularly the right to life and dignity, as outlined in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.The resolution recalls past efforts to encourage African states to impose moratoriums on the death penalty, urging them to vote in favor of the UN General Assembly's resolution calling for a universal moratorium. It highlights the significant support for these resolutions by African Union Member States, with increasing numbers of countries voting in favor over the years.The Commission urges African countries that still have the death penalty to consider adopting moratoriums, reduce the number of crimes punishable by death, and ensure fair legal processes for those sentenced to death, including the right to seek pardon or commutation. It also calls for the possibility of abolishing the death penalty entirely in some states.In summary, the resolution encourages African countries to align with global trends towards abolition, promote respect for human dignity, and consider the long-term benefits of a moratorium on the death penalty. 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EnglishFrançaisالعربيةKiswahiliPortuguêsAfrica Union Logo WEBMAILen Home About Structure Sessions Special Mechanisms Communications States News & Media ResourcesBreadcrumb Home Adopted Resolutions RESOLUTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY BIANNUAL VOTE CALLING FOR A MORATORIUM ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY - ACHPR/Res.614 (LXXXI) 2024 Adopted ResolutionsRESOLUTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY BIANNUAL VOTE CALLING FOR A MORATORIUM ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY - ACHPR/Res.614 (LXXXI) 2024Nov 14, 2024 Français Português shareThe African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (the Commission), meeting at its 81st Ordinary Session from 17 October to 6 November 2024 in Banjul, in The Gambia;Recalling its mandate to promote and protect human and peoples' rights in Africa under Article 45 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (the African Charter); Considering Articles 4 and 5 of the African Charter, which enshrine the right to life and the right to dignity respectively;Considering Article 4(2)(j) of the Protocol of the African Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa calling on States to undertake to "ensure that, in countries where it still exists, the death penalty is not carried out on pregnant or breastfeeding women"; and Article 5 (3) of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, stipulating that "the death penalty shall not be imposed for crimes committed by children". Considering further Resolutions ACHPR/Res.42 (XXVI)99, ACHPR/Res.136 (XXXXIV)08, ACHPR/Res. 375 (LX) 2017 and ACHPR/Res. 483 (XXXI1I) 2021 urging States Parties to the African Charter, inter alia, to consider imposing a moratorium on the death penalty and to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty;Considering the Cotonou Declaration, adopted in 2014 by the African Commission, calling on ‘parliamentarians in Africa to review their national laws, adopt legislation on the abolition of the death penalty and [...] vote in favour of future UNGA resolutions on a moratorium on the death penalty ’.Recalling the adoption of the Draft Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa by the African Commission at its 56th Ordinary Session in 2015;Bearing in mind General Comment No. 3 on the African Charter on the Right to Life (Article 4) and General Comment No. 36 (2018) on Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights concerning the right to life;Observing the implementation of the Addis Ababa Roadmap on Cooperation between the Special Procedures of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and the United Nations Human Rights Council, which stipulates that the African Commission "collaborates with other partners, including international, national, governmental and non-governmental institutions to successfully implement its mandate";Noting that since 2007, the United Nations General Assembly has regularly adopted a resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty; That the nine resolutions adopted in this regard have received increasing support from African Union Member States, rising from 17 States voting in favour in 2007 to 29 in 2022 and that over the same period, the number of States Parties opposing the moratorium has fallen from 12 to 6 , while the number of abstentions has fallen from 20 to 13 ; Considering that in December 2024, at the 79th Session of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, UN Member States will be called upon to vote on the 10th Resolution entitled Moratorium on the use of the death penalty;Convinced that a moratorium on the use of the death penalty contributes to respect for human dignity and to the enhancement and progressive development of human rights, and considering that there is no conclusive evidence of the deterrent value of the death penalty. Welcoming the considerable progress towards abolition of the death penalty on the African Continent and the fact that many States with different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds apply moratoria, including long-standing moratoria, in law or in practice, on the application of the death penalty.The Commission:1. Urges African States to vote in favour of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution calling for a universal moratorium on the use of the death penalty;2. Calls on African States that retain the death penalty to: (a) establish or maintain an official moratorium and share their experience in this regard;(b) adopt legislative reforms to reduce the number of crimes punishable by death to the most serious crimes;(c) ensure that those facing the death penalty are able to exercise their right to seek pardon or commutation of their death sentence;(d) consider the possibility of abolishing the death penalty. Done at Banjul, The Gambia, 6th November 2024 Theme of the yearTrendingPress release on the human rights promotion mission of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in the Togolese RepublicPRESS STATEMENT ON THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE WORLD'S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Press ReleasesAug 09, 2024Press release on the human rights promotion mission of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in the Togolese RepublicPress Statement on the occasion of the "Pan-African Women's Day" Press ReleasesJul 31, 2024Press release on the human rights promotion mission of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in the Togolese RepublicJoint Press Statement: The National Assembly’s rejection of the proposed amendment to the Women's (Amendment) Act 2015, aimed at decriminalizing Female Genital Mutilation in The Gambia 16 July 2024 Banjul, The Gambia Press ReleasesJul 17, 2024More Trending Email [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://achpr.au.int/index.php/en/adopted-resolutions/614-biannual-vote-calling-moratorium-use-death-penalty ) [123] => Array ( [objectID] => 26677 [title] => Maldivian Democracy Network (MDN) [timestamp] => 1729641600 [date] => 23/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/maldivian-democracy-network-mdn/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/MDN-logo-500x202.png [extrait] => The Maldivian Democracy Network was formed in 2004 following the brutal crackdown on peaceful demonstrators and the arbitrary arrest of over 300 protesters. We were allowed registration in June 2006. After focusing primarily on detainee rights, police and prison reforms, we amended our statutes following the ratification of the 2008 consitution. Our new mandate allowed […] [texte] => The Maldivian Democracy Network was formed in 2004 following the brutal crackdown on peaceful demonstrators and the arbitrary arrest of over 300 protesters. We were allowed registration in June 2006. After focusing primarily on detainee rights, police and prison reforms, we amended our statutes following the ratification of the 2008 consitution.Our new mandate allowed us to work on human rights issues deemed taboo in the Maldives, such as countering violent extremism and advocating against the death penalty.In December 2019 the government of Maldives arbitrarily de-registered our organisation amidst a violent smear campaign and allegations of blasphemy. MDN continues to work in exile and contest the actions of the government. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [124] => Array ( [objectID] => 26666 [title] => SOHRAM-CASRA [timestamp] => 1729641600 [date] => 23/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/sohram-casra/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/logo-SOHRAM-CASRA.jpg [extrait] => Social Action, Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Torture, War and Violence [texte] => Social Action, Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Torture, War and Violence [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [125] => Array ( [objectID] => 26654 [title] => Youth and Justice Lab, Carleton University, Law and Legal Studies Department [timestamp] => 1729641600 [date] => 23/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/youth-and-justice-lab-carleton-university-law-and-legal-studies-department/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Logo-Youth-and-Justice-Lab-500x227.png [extrait] => The Juvenile Justice Center is part of a partnership between Carleton University (CU) and Yerevan State University (YSU), that provides materials and information to improve juvenile justice in the Middle East. This center aims to strengthen legal representation and build capacity for attorneys, local non-government organizations, and judicial officials to respond to human rights violations […] [texte] => The Juvenile Justice Center is part of a partnership between Carleton University (CU) and Yerevan State University (YSU), that provides materials and information to improve juvenile justice in the Middle East.This center aims to strengthen legal representation and build capacity for attorneys, local non-government organizations, and judicial officials to respond to human rights violations against children and adolescents in the region.This website is to educate and inform policymakers, advocates, practitioners, service providers, and individuals on emerging trends in juvenile justice, with the purpose of improving adherence to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and other international human rights standards.The university partners believe that the initiative will serve as a multilingual resource library in English, Farsi, Arabic, Kurdish, and Armenian languages, providing a platform to improve the service delivery of judicial institutions with supported access to justice and improved detention conditions, so that juveniles in conflict with the law are better protected. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [126] => Array ( [objectID] => 26622 [title] => FAQ Open Call FSTP [timestamp] => 1729296000 [date] => 19/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/faq-open-call-fstp/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) for the Open Call for proposals for Financial Support to Third Parties of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/EN-WCADP-FAQ-OpenCall-FSTP_2024.pdf ) [127] => Array ( [objectID] => 26950 [title] => Death Penalty in Pakistan: Data Mapping Capital Punishment – 2024 [timestamp] => 1728518400 [date] => 10/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-pakistan-data-mapping-capital-punishment-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As we commemorate the World Day Against the Death Penalty, Justice Project Pakistan presents the third edition of its annual statistics report, Death Penalty in Pakistan: Data Mapping Capital Punishment. This report offers a thoroughly updated and comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the death penalty in Pakistan.Over the past decade, significant developments have shaped the landscape of capital punishment in Pakistan. This report delves into the data and provides an insightful overview of a period marked by a profound re-evaluation of the death penalty. Its aim is to highlight these developments through detailed statistical analysis and contextual insights.Since the lifting of the moratorium on executions in December 2014, the administration of death sentences has undergone substantial changes. The statistics reflect a complex interplay of legal processes, judicial decisions, and evolving societal attitudes that influence the application of capital punishment. This edition captures these shifts and provides key findings on trends, patterns, and the underlying drivers. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://jpp.org.pk/report/death-penalty-in-pakistan-data-mapping-capital-punishment-2024/ ) [128] => Array ( [objectID] => 26948 [title] => Report on the situation of abolitionist human rights defenders in Democratic Republic of the Congo [timestamp] => 1728518400 [date] => 10/10/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-on-the-situation-of-abolitionist-human-rights-defenders-in-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On February 9, 2024, the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) lifted the moratorium on executions that had been in place since 2003. This decision comes amid a deteriorating security situation in the eastern part of the country and increasing restrictions on civic space. Since the moratorium was lifted, human rights defenders who publicly oppose this decision have faced heightened repression from Congolese authorities. This note documents the violations suffered by these defenders in several provinces of the country, including: - death threats and acts of physical violence; - arbitrary arrests and detentions; - baseless accusations and fabricated judicial proceedings; - violations of property rights and freedom of movement; - harassment targeting their relatives and collaborators.These violations are mainly perpetrated by agents of the National Intelligence Agency (ANR), the Military Detection of Unpatriotic Activities (Démiap), and security forces. The impunity enjoyed by the perpetrators allows this repression to continue.This note also highlights the considerable impact that the criminalization of defenders has on their living conditions and those of their families, including: - the inability to continue their activities due to fear of reprisals; - economic and social consequences (loss of employment, marginalization); - disruption of family life (forced relocations, separations); - forced exile for some particularly threatened defenders.The growing phenomenon of repression described in this note is part of a broader context of civic space restrictions in the DRC, exacerbated by the state of siege in place in some eastern provinces. This repression risks having a significant deterrent effect on the entire abolitionist movement and, more broadly, on any form of opposition to the government. [texte] => Analysis of the situation ofAnalysis of the situation ofhuman rights defenders whohuman rights defenders whohave criticised the lifting of thehave criticised the lifting of themoratorium on the deathmoratorium on the deathpenaltypenaltyD E M O C R A T I C R E P U B L I C O F C O N G OCopyright @Oleksii Liskonih / @Alessandro BiascioliOctober 10, 2024Democratic Republic of the Congo:analysis of the situation of human rightsdefenders who have criticised the lifting ofthe moratorium on the death penaltyContentsANNEXES1. ANNEX 1 - Circular note from the Minister of Justice of13 March 2024 on the lifting of the moratorium2. ANNEX 2 - Situation of death penalty cases in the DRCVp.16Copyright @DoomuINTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGYCONTEXTUAL ANALYSISANALYSIS OF THE DOCUMENTED VIOLATIONSOF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THEIR IMPACT ONDEFENDERS1. Analysis of repression and violations documented since thelifting of the moratorium on the death penaltya. In the city/province of Kinshasab. In the province of Kongo Centralc. In the city of Goma, province of North Kivud. In the city of Tanganyika, in the south-east of theDRC2. Impact of the repression on the living conditions ofdefenders and those around themIIIIIIIIIIIIIVIVp.6p.8p.9p.12EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSIGNATORY ORGANIZATIONS ANDINSTITUTIONSp.3p.4EXECUTIVE SUMMARYOn February 9, 2024, the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC) lifted the moratorium on executions that had been in place since 2003.This decision comes amid a deteriorating security situation in the eastern partof the country and increasing restrictions on civic space. Since the moratoriumwas lifted, human rights defenders who publicly oppose this decision have facedheightened repression from Congolese authorities. This note documents theviolations suffered by these defenders in several provinces of the country,including:death threats and acts of physical violence;arbitrary arrests and detentions;baseless accusations and fabricated judicial proceedings;violations of property rights and freedom of movement;harassment targeting their relatives and collaborators.These violations are mainly perpetrated by agents of the National IntelligenceAgency (ANR), the Military Detection of Unpatriotic Activities (Démiap), andsecurity forces. The impunity enjoyed by the perpetrators allows this repressionto continue.This note also highlights the considerable impact that the criminalization ofdefenders has on their living conditions and those of their families, including:the inability to continue their activities due to fear of reprisals;economic and social consequences (loss of employment, marginalization);disruption of family life (forced relocations, separations);forced exile for some particularly threatened defenders.The growing phenomenon of repression described in this note is part of abroader context of civic space restrictions in the DRC, exacerbated by the stateof siege in place in some eastern provinces. This repression risks having asignificant deterrent effect on the entire abolitionist movement and, morebroadly, on any form of opposition to the government.34CO-SIGNATORY ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONSThe report was co-signed by 56 organizations and institutions from 24 countries.1. ACAT Allemagne2. ACAT Belgique3. ACAT Canada4. ACAT Congo5. ACAT Espagne-Catalogne6. ACAT France7. ACAT Ghana8. ACAT Luxembourg9. ACAT RCA10. ACAT RDC11. ACAT Suisse12. ACAT UK13. Adala « pour le droit à un procès équitable »14. Agir ensemble pour les droits humains15. Amis des victimes des violations des droits humains (AVVDH)16. Association Haki Zangu17. Avocats sans frontières (ASF) Belgique18. Avocats sans frontières (ASF) France19. Barreau de Paris20. Coalition congolaise contre la peine de mort21. Coalition marocaine contre la peine de mort22. Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort23. Coalition Tunisienne Contre la Peine de Mort (CTCPM)24. Comité Vietnam pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme25. Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide26. Culture pour la Paix27. Death Penalty Focus28. Dynamo International – Street Workers Network29. Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM)30. Europe-Central Africa network (EurAc)31. Fédération des Femmes pour le Développement Intégral au Congo (FEDICONGO)32. Fédération Internationale des ACAT (FIACAT)33. Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI)34. Hands Off Cain35. International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)36. International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT)37. JusticeMakers Bangladesh en France (JMBF)38. Kenya Human Rights Commission39. Kurdistan without Genocide40. Lawyers for human rights international India41. Le Groupe LOTUS42. Observatoire international des avocats en danger43. Observatoire marocain des prisons44. Organisation Contre la Torture en Tunisie (OCTT)45. Organisation mondiale contre la torture (OMCT)46. Pax Christi Uvira47. Protection internationale548. Regroupement des Mamans de Kamituga (REMAK)49. Relais Prison-Société50. Réseau Ouest Africain des Défenseurs des Droits Humains (ROADDH)51. SIL LGBTQI+52. Solidarité avec les Victimes et pour la Paix (SOVIP)53. SOS Africaines en Danger54. Union internationale des avocats55. Vivere56. Women and Children Protection (WCP)6I. INTRODUCTION1. On 5 February 2024, in a communiqué broadcast on the 8 p.m. national television (RTNC) news, theSupreme Defence Council (Conseil supérieur de la défense) asked the supreme commander of thearmed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) and the President of the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo (DRC) to lift the moratorium on the execution of persons condemned to deathfor crimes of high treason. Although the death penalty is legally still in force in the DRC, the countryhad been observing a de facto moratorium since 2003, when the last death penalties were carried out.2. On 9 February 2024, at the 124th ordinary meeting of the Council of Ministers, the Congolesegovernment granted this request and decided to lift the moratorium on executions. This decision,which initially applied to crimes of high treason, was extended to common law crimes under CircularNo 002 of 13 March 2024 of H.E. Rose Mutombo, Minister of Justice and Keeper of the Seals,addressed to prosecutors, “with a view to ridding our country’s army of traitors and stemming theincrease in acts of urban terrorism which lead to loss of life” 1.3. The lifting of the moratorium runs counter to Articles 16 and 61 of the Constitution of the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo, which enshrines the right to life “even when the state of siege or the state ofemergency has been proclaimed in accordance with Articles 87 and 88 of this Constitution”. In thisrespect, Article 4 of the Order No 21/015 of 3 May 2021 proclaiming the state of siege on part of theterritory of the DRC provides for several rights and fundamental principles from which no derogationis admissible during this period, including 1. “the right to life” and 7. “the freedom of thought, ofconscience and religion”. Furthermore, this decision contradicts the National Plan of Action forJustice Reform 2017 – 2026, adopted by the Ministry of Justice in May 2017, focus (“axe”) 4 ofwhich guarantees justice based on respect for human dignity, including, in particular, abolition of thedeath penalty2. The country had thus embarked on the road to abolition, as is attested by the 2020newspaper article of H.E. André Lité Aseba, Congolese Minister for Human Rights, in which hemaintained that the DRC must make its moratorium official and progress towards abolition of thedeath penalty3.4. Moreover, this decision opens up the possibility of serious violations of human rights, in particularthe right to life guaranteed by Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).Application of the death penalty is a protracted process causing physical and moral suffering at eachstage, both for the condemned and for their friends and families, suffering which could be consideredtorture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment4. Furthermore, justice systems arenot infallible and once the penalty has been carried out it is irreversible, which means that the victimis deprived of his or her right to demand reparation, thus negating the right to a fair trial. Finally, agreat deal of information collected by our organisations and international human rights protectionmechanisms such as the United Nations special procedures indicates that the death penalty is applieddisproportionately to persons from underprivileged backgrounds or minorities who find it more1 Note circulaire n°002/MME/CAB/ ME/MIN/J&GS/2024 du 13 mars 2024 relative à la levée du moratoire surl’exécution de la peine de mort en République démocratique du Congo (Circular No002/MME/CAB/ ME/MIN/J&GS/2024 of 13 March 2024 on the lifting of the moratorium on execution of thedeath penalty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo).2 Ministère de la justice, Politique Nationale de Réforme de la Justice 2017 – 2026, mai 2017, para. 159https://bice.org/app/uploads/2020/05/DRC_PNRJ_2017-2026.pdf (Ministry of Justice, Plan of Action for JusticeReform 2017 – 2026, May 2017, para. 159) .3 Le Monde, André Lité Asebea, Liévin Ngondji, Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, La DRC doit officialiser son moratoireet progresser vers l’abolition de la peine de mort (The DRC must make its moratorium official and make progresstowards abolition of the death penalty), 8 October 2020:https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/10/08/la-DRC-doit-officialiser-son-moratoire-et-progresser-vers-l-abolition-de-la-peine-de-mort_6055313_3212.html.4 FIACAT, The death penalty and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment orpunishment, August 2023https://www.fiacat.org/en/publications-en/reports/thematic-reports/3003-the-death-penalty-and-the-prohibition-of-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment.7difficult to access legal assistance, thus violating the principle of equality before the law [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://fiacat.org/en/publications-en/reports/geographic-reports/africa/3241-report-on-the-situation-of-abolitionist-human-rights-defenders-in-democratic-republic-of-the-congo ) [129] => Array ( [objectID] => 26613 [title] => Call for a ceasefire and the right to life in Gaza [timestamp] => 1727568000 [date] => 29/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-a-ceasefire-and-the-right-to-life-in-gaza/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition is an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. It aims to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. As a human rights network fighting against the death penalty and state-sponsored […] [texte] => The World Coalition is an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. It aims to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. As a human rights network fighting against the death penalty and state-sponsored executions, we are horrified by the cruel human rights situation and the grave violations of international humanitarian law committed against the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, particularly in the occupied Gaza Strip. (more…) "Call for a ceasefire and the right to life in Gaza" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [130] => Array ( [objectID] => 26592 [title] => Access to justice and discrimination: the World Coalition organizes a briefing for the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls [timestamp] => 1727308800 [date] => 26/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-working-group-on-discrimination-against-women-and-girls/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/UN-Working-Group-on-Discrimination-against-Women-and-Girls-en-500x250.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => (more…) "Access to justice and discrimination: the World Coalition organizes a briefing for the UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [131] => Array ( [objectID] => 26578 [title] => Key Outcomes from the 79th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1727308800 [date] => 26/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/79th-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/ACHPR-article-500x281.jpeg [extrait] => From 14 May to 3 June 2024, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) held its 79th Ordinary Session in a hybrid format. Members of the Commission and staff of its Secretariat physically attended the Session in Banjul, Gambia; all other participants attended the Session online via Zoom. [texte] => From 14 May to 3 June 2024, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) held its 79th Ordinary Session in a hybrid format. Members of the Commission and staff of its Secretariat physically attended the Session in Banjul, Gambia; all other participants attended the Session online via Zoom. (more…) "Key Outcomes from the 79th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [132] => Array ( [objectID] => 26537 [title] => Budget Template FSTP-FFPA [timestamp] => 1726704000 [date] => 19/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/budget-template-fstp-ffpa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EN-WCADP-BudgetTemplate-FSTP-FFPA_2024.docx ) [133] => Array ( [objectID] => 26516 [title] => ApplicationForm-FSTP_FFPA [timestamp] => 1726704000 [date] => 19/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/applicationform-fstp_ffpa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Financial Support to Third Parties - Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition - APPLICATION FORM 2024 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EN-WCADP-ApplicationForm-FSTP_FFPA_2024-v2.0.docx ) [134] => Array ( [objectID] => 26478 [title] => NGOs voice fears for dozens of Egyptian prisoners, and hundreds of others, facing execution for drugs-related offenses in Saudi Arabia [timestamp] => 1726185600 [date] => 13/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-saudi-arabia-september-2024/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => We, the undersigned organisations, are gravely fearful for the lives of hundreds of prisoners threatened with imminent execution in Saudi Arabia on drugs-related charges, including 33 Egyptians on a single wing of Tabuk Prison. [texte] => We, the undersigned organisations, are gravely fearful for the lives of hundreds of prisoners threatened with imminent execution in Saudi Arabia on drugs-related charges, including 33 Egyptians on a single wing of Tabuk Prison. (more…) "NGOs voice fears for dozens of Egyptian prisoners, and hundreds of others, facing execution for drugs-related offenses in Saudi Arabia" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [135] => Array ( [objectID] => 26463 [title] => The Inclusion Project [timestamp] => 1726185600 [date] => 13/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-inclusion-project/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/logo-the-inclusion-project.jpg [extrait] => The Inclusion Project (TIP) is a legal services provider founded in 2019 and registered in Nigeria as The Inclusion Project. [texte] => The Inclusion Project (TIP) is a legal services provider founded in 2019 and registered in Nigeria as The Inclusion Project. (more…) "The Inclusion Project" [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [136] => Array ( [objectID] => 26459 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 55th session [timestamp] => 1726185600 [date] => 13/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-55th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/United-Nations-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 55th Regular Session from February 26 to April 5, 2024. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 55th Regular Session from February 26 to April 5, 2024. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 55th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [137] => Array ( [objectID] => 26381 [title] => Issues Impacting LGBTQ+ Prisoners [timestamp] => 1725321600 [date] => 03/09/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/issues-impacting-lgbtq-prisoners/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => LGBTQ+ people, especially people of color and low income, experience high levels of policing and criminalization, leading to an overrepresentation of these individuals in the incarcerated population. A 2017 study from researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, suggests that LGBTQ+ people are three times as likely to be incarcerated than the general population. Once incarcerated, LGBTQ+ people are often subjected to violence from correctional staff and fellow prisoners, as well denied medical care and access to mental health services. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:SearchSearchDeath Penalty Information CenterAboutFor the MediaResourcesFor EducatorsFact SheetDonateEmailTwitterFacebookInstagramLinkedInHomePolicy IssuesFacts & ResearchExecutionsDeath RowState & Federal InfoLgbtq+ PeopleIssues Impacting LGBTQ+ PrisonersFacebook Share Tweet Tweet Email EmailLGBTQ+ people, especially people of color and low income, experience high levels of policing and criminalization, leading to an overrepresentation of these individuals in the incarcerated population. A 2017 study from researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, suggests that LGBTQ+ people are three times as likely to be incarcerated than the general population. Once incarcerated, LGBTQ+ people are often subjected to violence from correctional staff and fellow prisoners, as well denied medical care and access to mental health services. Incarcerated individuals have specific civil rights under the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (“PREA”) standards, a set of federal rules that regulate prison and jail operations as they relate to preventing, identifying, and responding adequately to sexual assault and abuse. While the PREA standards do not give prisoners a right to sue agencies for failing to adhere to these standards, courts may consider whether the agency in question failed to follow the standards that may have prevented sexual abuse."Sexual violence, against any victim, is an assault on human dignity and an affront to American values."Barack Obama in a Presidential Memorandum regarding the implementation of the Prison Rape Elimination Act in 2012.Correctional Staff and Prisoner Violence LGBTQ+ people are at a heightened risk for violence while incarcerated. The 2012 National Inmate Survey, carried out by the United States Bureau of Justice Statistics, reported that 12% of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people in prisons, and 9% in jails, experienced sexual victimization from fellow prisoners, compared to just 1% of heterosexual individuals in prisons and jails. The numbers are likely higher due to underreporting. The survey also indicated that 5% of LGB people in prisons, and 4% in jails, reported sexual assault from correctional staff, while 2% of heterosexual individuals incarcerated reported victimization by correctional staff. More recently, Black and Pink, an organization dedicated to helping incarcerated LGBTQ+ people, reported in its groundbreaking 2015 survey that respondents were six times more likely to experience sexual assault and violence than the general prison population. This survey also found that LGBTQ+ prisoners are three times more likely to be subjected to sexual violence from fellow prisoners, than staff. However, 76% of survey respondents indicated a belief that correctional staff intentionally placed them in circumstances where they would be at a substantial risk of sexual assault by another prisoner.Housing and PlacementSolitary ConfinementStudies show that incarcerated LGBTQ+ people are more likely to be placed in solitary confinement than others. Black and Pink’s 2015 survey found that 85% of respondents had been placed in solitary confinement at some point during their incarceration, with more than 50% of individuals spending two or more years in isolation. Correctional staff oftentimes place LGBTQ+ individuals in “protective custody” because of their vulnerabilities. The PREA standards instruct prison officials to use “protective custody” as a last effort to protect a prisoner, when there are no other available alternatives for protection. The standards limit the amount of time a prisoner can be detained in segregation and requires they still have access to work and educational programming and opportunities. Most death row prisoners are placed in solitary confinement for 22-24 hours a day with little to no exposure to human contact or natural light, in addition to restrictions on participation in programming. Because of these harsh conditions, many prisoners suffer from that has been called “death row syndrome”: a set of psychological issues that condemned prisoners develop while waiting for an imminent execution and living in the harsh conditions of solitary confinement. These issues include a range of symptoms such as hallucinations, dissociation, paranoia, hyper-sensitivity to external stimuli, perceptual distortions, and impulse control. Studies show that LGBTQ+ people generally experience higher rates of depression and anxiety, as well as greater thoughts and attempts of suicide than their heterosexual counterparts. When incarcerated, many individuals struggle to secure effective mental health care, because of perceived stigma associated with of disclosing information and because many correctional teams do not understand how to treat and counsel LGBTQ+ people. The psychological harms of solitary confinement and death row syndrome may be amplified by pre-existing mental illness and medical conditions; this exacerbates the suffering of some LGBTQ+ prisoners, who are also more likely to experience mental illness. Gender-Specific Placement Despite PREA standards forbidding the practice, many correctional agencies house transgender individuals in men’s or women’s facilities based on their genital anatomy or the gender they were assigned at birth. This widespread practice often places transgender prisoners at a higher risk for sexual violence and abuse. The PREA standards require agencies to look at each case individually, assess the prisoner’s health and safety, and solicit their views on where they would be safest. Some institutions have tried to use surgery as a determining factor for placement, but the World Professional Association for Transgender (WPATH) holds that treatment is individualized, and not all trans individuals require surgery. Access to Medical Care Gender-Affirming Health Care The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, through its prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, requires that all prisons provide adequate health care for prisoners with serious medical needs under their supervision. In the last decade, courts have consistently ruled that gender dysphoria (GD) is a serious health diagnosis that may require medical and/or mental health treatment. In 2011, the 7th Circuit in Fields v. Smith affirmed a lower court ruling which held that denying medically necessary transition-related healthcare violated the Eighth Amendment. Despite these rulings, many transgender prisoners struggle to receive a GD diagnosis from prison medical staff and the subsequent treatment they require.“Surely, had the Wisconsin legislature passed a law that DOC inmates with cancer must be treated only with therapy and pain killers, this court would have no trouble concluding that the law was unconstitutional. Refusing to provide effective treatment for a serious medical condition serves no valid penological purpose and amounts to torture.”Majority opinion in Fields v. Smith, 653 F.3d 550, 556 (7th Cir. 2011)Freeze-Frame Policies Many states have freeze-frame policies that permit hormone therapy only for transgender prisoners who were already receiving this therapy prior to incarceration. Under these policies, transgender prisoners are not allowed to start or expand medical treatment with hormone therapy. Even if a state is required to offer gender-affirming healthcare to transgender prisoners, it may prevent granting healthcare to someone who did not start their transition prior to arrest and incarceration. Freeze-frame policies are instituted largely at a state level, which has made widespread repeal of these policies difficult. Several jurisdictions, including Georgia, Missouri, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons have faced challenges to their freeze-frame policies, which have since been repealed.SourcesJaclyn Diaz, Trans inmates need access to gender-affirming care. Often they have to sue to get it, NPR, October 25, 2022; Jaclyn Diaz, Minnesota recognizes she’s a woman. She’s locked in a men’s prison anyway, NPR, October 13, 2022; Emily Widra, New data: LGBT people across all demographics are at heightened risk of violent victimization, Prison Policy Initiative, July 11, 2022; Nkem Adeleye, The Death Row Phenomenon: A Prohibition Against Torture, Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment, San Diego Law Review, 2021; Paul Gorczynski, LGBTQ+ mental health in detention setting, Forensic Science International: Mind and Law, 2021; Emerging Best Practices for the Management and Treatment of Incarcerated Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex (LGBTI) Individuals, The Fenway Institute, 2019; National Center for Transgender Equality, LGBTQ People Behind Bars: A Guide to Understanding the Issues Facing Transgender Prisoners and Their Legal Rights, October 2018; Ilan H. Meyer, Andrew R. Flores, Lara Stemple, Adam P. Romero, Bianca D. M. Wilson, and Jody L. Herman, Incarceration Rates and Traits of Sexual Minorities in the United States: National Inmate Survey, 2011 – 2012, American Journal of Public Health, January 11, 2017; Lambda Legal, Transgender Incarcerated People in Crisis, Transgender Rights Toolkit, November 17, 2016; Black and Pink, Coming Out of Concrete Closets: A Report on Black and Pink’s National LGBTQ Prisoner Survey, October 2015; ACLU of Oregon, Laws, Court Decisions & Advocacy Tips to Protect Transgender Prisoners, N.D.In This SectionLGBTQ+ PeopleCriminalization of Homosexuality in American HistoryBias in the CourtroomIssues Impacting LGBTQ+ PrisonersInternational PerspectivesWebsite GuideWebsite GuideAn introduction to the navigation system, features, and terminology of DPI's website.Upcoming ExecutionsUpcoming ExecutionsInformation about scheduled executions around the countryInnocenceInnocenceFor every 8.2 people executed in the United States in the modern era of the death penalty, one person on death row has been exonerated.State-By-StateState-By-StateStates [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/policy-issues/lgbtq-people/issues-impacting-lgbtq-prisoners ) [138] => Array ( [objectID] => 26354 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 54th session [timestamp] => 1724976000 [date] => 30/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-54th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 54th Regular Session from September 11 to October 13, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 54th Regular Session from September 11 to October 13, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 54th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [139] => Array ( [objectID] => 26349 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 56th session [timestamp] => 1724976000 [date] => 30/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-56th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 56th Regular Session from June 18 to July 12, 2024. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 56th Regular Session from June 18 to July 12, 2024. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 56th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [140] => Array ( [objectID] => 26345 [title] => The death penalty in the DRC: an illusory means of combating impunity in the face of human rights implementation [timestamp] => 1724976000 [date] => 30/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-in-the-drc/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of the States which has retained the death penalty in its legal arsenal, although applies a de facto moratorium on executions since 2003. [texte] => The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of the States which has retained the death penalty in its legal arsenal, although applies a de facto moratorium on executions since 2003. (more…) "The death penalty in the DRC: an illusory means of combating impunity in the face of human rights implementation" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [141] => Array ( [objectID] => 26338 [title] => In support and solidarity with “No Death Penalty Tuesdays” abolitionist movement in Iran [timestamp] => 1724803200 [date] => 28/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-iran-august-2024/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Every six hours, one person was executed in Iranian prisons in the first 20 days of August. Execution numbers have been rising every year since 2021, with at least 834 people executed in 2023, and 395 executions recorded by Iran Human Rights as of 26th August 2024. [texte] => Every six hours, one person was executed in Iranian prisons in the first 20 days of August. Execution numbers have been rising every year since 2021, with at least 834 people executed in 2023, and 395 executions recorded by Iran Human Rights as of 26th August 2024. (more…) "In support and solidarity with “No Death Penalty Tuesdays” abolitionist movement in Iran" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [142] => Array ( [objectID] => 26326 [title] => Singapore: Authorities must end executions and stop targeting anti-death penalty activists to curb criticism [timestamp] => 1724803200 [date] => 28/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-singapore-august-2024/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/StatementSingapore-500x161.png [extrait] => We, the undersigned seven organizations, are gravely concerned by developments in Singapore since the beginning of August 2024, which has seen the authorities carry out two executions in violation of international safeguards on the death penalty, as well as limiting the right to freedom of expression of the Transformative Justice Collective, a non-governmental organization who […] [texte] => We, the undersigned seven organizations, are gravely concerned by developments in Singapore since the beginning of August 2024, which has seen the authorities carry out two executions in violation of international safeguards on the death penalty, as well as limiting the right to freedom of expression of the Transformative Justice Collective, a non-governmental organization who expressed concern about human rights violations and criticized the processes leading up to the executions. (more…) "Singapore: Authorities must end executions and stop targeting anti-death penalty activists to curb criticism " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [143] => Array ( [objectID] => 26296 [title] => INSECURITY REVEALED: Voices Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1722902400 [date] => 06/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/insecurity-revealed-voices-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => INSECURITY REVEALED:Voices Against the Death PenaltyWorld Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2024 - 2025Security and the death penaltyThis document has been compiled by the Secretariat of the World Coalition Against the DeathPenalty with substantial aid from member organizations, including the AbdorrahmanBoroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran (ABC), Coalition of Somali Human RightsDefenders (CSHRD), Abolition Death Penalty in Iraq, Centre d’Observation des Droits del’Homme et d’Assistance Sociale (CODHAS), National Tunisian Coalition Against the DeathPenalty (CTCPM), Sant’Egidio, Sunny Jacobs Foundation, and Taiwan Alliance to End theDeath Penalty (TAEDP).Every effort has been made to preserve the testimonies in the original form in which theywere received, with edits being made either for clarity, security, or for length. If a testimonyhas been edited, it will be stated, or indicated in brackets.We thank all those who agreed to share their testimonies and their stories.Content warning: Testimonials include mention of torture, sexual violence, sexual violence onminors, suicide and murder. Reader discretion advised.(CONTENTSVOICES OF VICTIMS’ FAMILIES 2Khedija Arfaou (Tunisia)Essen Lee (Taiwan)Safieh (Iran)VOICES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS 3George Kain (United States of America)Anonymous - prison guards (Iran)VOICES OF PEOPLE ON THE DEATH ROW 5Sifa Wembo (Democratic Republic of Congo)Mohamud Ali (Somalia)Muhammad Attia Hussein (Iraq)VOICES OF FAMILIES OF PEOPLE ON THE DEATH ROW 8Anonymous (Democratic Republic of Congo)Gary Hawkins (United States of America)Tina Pafero (United States of America)ACTIVIST AND POLITICAL VOICES 9Jalil Rahimi (Iran)Josué Wallay Akuzwe (Democratic Republic of Congo)When I learned that my son, he was my youngest, Dali and hiswife, had been murdered along with 37 other people, in Istanbul,on the first of January 2017, I don't know how... I didn't even cry! Iwas so stunned. Several people were saying, "Ah, if I catch him[the person who murdered Dali and his wife], I'll kill him!" No, myconcern was not to kill the one who had killed, because no onehas the right to kill. Only God has the right, only God gives life anddeath. That's the way I see it. Will killing these criminals bring thedead back to life? No. I'm against the death penalty. I'm not goingto be like, I saw a case, where the father of a child who was killed,[who] went to kiss his son's murderer, I won't go that far. I cannever forgive the man who killed my children, I can never forgivehim. But I don't want him executed. There's life imprisonment... Acountry like the United States, where the death penalty doesn'texist in all states, but in the majority that they have... we mustn'tfollow the example of the United States. I was and remainfundamentally and consciously against the death penalty.Because my grandmother died in a robbery, suffering from a headinjury and intracranial bleeding, and eventually left us due to braindeath. At that time, and even now, I also had the urge to seek revenge.The desire for revenge stems from the deep hurt I experienced, whichis the expression of a victim. I am not sure if I have overcome the pain,as I still shed tears when mentioning this matter.My anger made me choose to study law, hoping to delve into criminallaw. At that time, I thought that punishing the wrongdoers meantstudying criminal law. However, after entering university and studyingcriminal law, I realized that most legal professionals are cautiouswhen it comes to the defendants. Through the process of studyinglaw, I gradually understood the reasons and context of crimes. If weexamine the life experiences of each defendant, they may have beenvictims to some extent or in other events. The causes of crimes,whether near or far, are often related to the repressed, frustrated,unaccepted, marginalized, discriminated, or victimized experiences ofthe perpetrators.Through this learning process, I have transformed my hatred towards"criminals" into sighs for the past lives of the "defendants," and I amable to take the "causes of crime" more seriously. The death penaltywould obscure the pursuit of the causes of crime, leading us tomistakenly believe that the victims have been supported.Since we do not believe that individuals can kill, why does the statesuddenly have the power to kill when citizens hand over power to thestate? In fact, we have elevated and sanctified the status of the statetoo much. The power of the state actually comes from the people, andwe do not have the right to kill to delegate to the state, so the statedoes not have the right to kill.2VOICES OF VICTIMS’ FAMILIESKhedija Arfaou (Tunisia)Academic, feminist andabolitionist activist andfounding member of the CTCPM,who shared her story.Essen Lee (Taiwan)Lawyer and a victim's family.His story was shared by theTAEDP.After Amirhossein was executed, we didn’t hear a word from anyone. Wethought Amirhossein’s execution would bring us closure, but the day he wasput to death was like the day we found out Setayesh had been killed as shehad and was no longer with us. Things were just that bad, and it’s not broughtus even a bit of peace. Maybe if we could go back, knowing that executingAmirhossein wouldn’t fix anything, we would have pardoned him and hewouldn’t have been put to death. […] We can’t tell people in situations like ourswhat to do, but the execution of Amirhossein hasn’t made things better for usand hasn’t changed a thing. All that’s happened is that Amirhossein’s bloodhas been spilled.3I am pleased to learn that the theme of this year’s World Day Againstthe Death Penalty is that “The Death Penalty Protects No One.” Thatreality is perhaps the biggest reason why I began to study the use of thedeath penalty and learned that the death penalty does not offer anyoneany protection from violent behavior. While violent behavior must becontrolled, the death penalty is not the answer. In my experience as alaw enforcement officer for almost 40 years, sworn to protect victimsof violent crime, I once thought that the death penalty was a justpunishment and would help murder victims’ family members, andwould protect future potential victims from the horrible consequencesof losing a loved one. I also thought it would bring peace to those whowere victims of murder. I was wrong! As I continued my journey foranswers, I learned many very important truths about the death penalty.Please allow me to share two of those realities here:1. The death penalty creates more victims than it helps. This isbecause everyone involved in the death penalty process is traumatized.This includes the people that I was sworn to protect: the familymembers of those murdered, who undergo excruciating pain whilebeing dragged through the death penalty process, promised that theywill “feel better” and experience “closure” after the person responsiblefor the death of their loved one is executed. It doesn’t work that way. Infact, many surviving family members now work to end the death penaltybecause they were harmed so greatly during the process. The deathpenalty brought more pain to their lives and prevented them fromovercoming their loss.2. The death penalty does not prevent future murders and is not adeterrent to murder. In the United States, states that have a deathpenalty have higher rates of murder than states that don’t have a deathpenalty. Also, more police officers are murdered in states that have adeath penalty than those that don’t.Safieh (Iran)Mother of Setayesh Ghoreishi, a six-year-old Afghan girl who was raped andmurdered in 2016. Amirhossein Pourjafar, who was 16 at the time of the crime,was put to death after being found guilty on 2018. Her story was shared by ABC.George Kain(United States ofAmerica)Former policecommissioner inConnecticut, he workedin law enforcement forover 40 years. His storywas shared byCommunitàdiSant’Egidio.VOICES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS4[the prisoners on death row] were very sad and would cry…In a natural death, theperson does not know when they would die, but in executions, the anticipation ofdeath is very difficult. [Like the case of X]. He knew he would be executed in a fewhours and was in a very bad condition. They did not let him see his wife and kid. [...] Igot the number from him and informed his family. At the end of the night, they tookhim from [the clinic] and in that section in the visitation room they executed him…That night I could not sleep. Not only that night, but for weeks and months, thisnightmare was with me, that right in front of my eyes they took the inmate there andexecuted him…The stress of working in prison resulted in me having no sleep at nightand I had a depression... [they] can replace executions with better sentences, but[they] do not have the right to decide for somebody else and cut them off from life.Prison Guard who served in two prisons in Iran as supervisor fora total nine years. ABC interviewed him on 7 January 2021.Anonymous - prison guards (Iran)The following stories were shared by ABC. All brackets indicatingchanges in the text were made by ABC upon submission.[A 14-year-old boy who had accidentally caused his girlfriend’s death] was kept in Xprison until he reached the age of 17 and then he was sent to X prison and kept therefor almost a year. When he reached the age of 18, a crane came to the prison area, theprosecutor, the judge, and the victim's family were there, as well as the colleagues andthe boy's family. My colleagues strongly urged the victim's family to forgive him. Butthey didn't. The mother didn't forgive, and she put the rope around the boy's neck. Andthe crane [used as scaffolding for a make shift gallows] pulled him up after a buttonwas pressed… It is not pleasant at all to see someone die up there. I only saw the killer'sfamily and my colleagues begging the victim's family to no avail. My shift was over, andI left with my car. It was very sad. Later, when I came to X prison, someone was beingexecuted every day. When w [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/WD2024-Testimonials-tool-EN.pdf ) [144] => Array ( [objectID] => 26286 [title] => China: Judicial guidelines to curtail activism for Taiwan a further blow for human rights protections [timestamp] => 1722470400 [date] => 01/08/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-china-july-2024/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Taken from the declaration posted on Amnesty International’s web page found here. “Amnesty International and four other organizations are alarmed by the recent publication by the Chinese authorities of new judicial guidelines providing directives to prosecute and harshly punish, including by the death penalty, those advocating and acting for Taiwan’s independence. The guidance effectively encourages […] [texte] => Taken from the declaration posted on Amnesty International’s web page found here. “Amnesty International and four other organizations are alarmed by the recent publication by the Chinese authorities of new judicial guidelines providing directives to prosecute and harshly punish, including by the death penalty, those advocating and acting for Taiwan’s independence. The guidance effectively encourages China’s courts and law enforcement agencies to violate several rights established under international human rights law and standards, including the rights to life, to the freedoms of expression, peaceful assembly and association, and to a fair trial.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [145] => Array ( [objectID] => 26278 [title] => Joint Open Letter to the Minister of Justice of Malawi on the abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1721952000 [date] => 26/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-open-letter-to-the-minister-of-justice-of-malawi-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Dear Minister of Justice, Honorable Titus Mvalo Ahead of this joint letter, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty would like to express its deepest condolences to the Government and people of Malawi for the passing of Vice President Mr. Saulos Chilima on 11 June 2024. [texte] => Dear Minister of Justice, Honorable Titus MvaloAhead of this joint letter, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty would like to express its deepest condolences to the Government and people of Malawi for the passing of Vice President Mr. Saulos Chilima on 11 June 2024. (more…) "Joint Open Letter to the Minister of Justice of Malawi on the abolition of the death penalty " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [146] => Array ( [objectID] => 26267 [title] => Coalition of Somali Human Rights Defenders CSHRD [timestamp] => 1721779200 [date] => 24/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalition-of-somali-human-rights-defenders-cshrd/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/logo_CSH-sax.png [extrait] => The Coalition of Somali Human Rights Defenders (CSHRD) is an organization dedicated to promoting and protecting human rights in Somalia. CSHRD was established in 2014. CSHRD runs holistic and comprehensive torture victims rehabilitation centre in Somalia. CSHRD work is guided by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights UDHR and the SDGs of 1, 5, 10, […] [texte] => The Coalition of Somali Human Rights Defenders (CSHRD) is an organization dedicated to promoting and protecting human rights in Somalia. CSHRD was established in 2014.CSHRD runs holistic and comprehensive torture victims rehabilitation centre in Somalia.CSHRD work is guided by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights UDHR and the SDGs of 1, 5, 10, 13, 16 and 17. CSHRD believes the right to life and therefore, death penalty should be abolished.Here's an overview of its mission, actions, and activities:Mission1. Protection and Advocacy: CSHRD aims to protect human rights defenders in Somalia and advocate for their rights and safety.2. Promotion of Human Rights: The coalition works to promote human rights awareness and adherence to international human rights standards within Somalia.3. Support for Human Rights Defenders: CSHRD provides support to individuals and organizations working on human rights issues, helping them to carry out their work safely and effectively.Actions and Activities1. Capacity Building: Conducts training programs and workshops to build the capacity of human rights defenders and organizations. These programs cover various topics, including human rights law, advocacy techniques, and personal security.2. Monitoring and Reporting: Monitors the human rights situation in Somalia and reports on abuses and violations. This involves documenting cases of human rights abuses, raising awareness, and advocating for accountability.3. Advocacy and Lobbying: Engages in advocacy and lobbying efforts at national and international levels to influence policies and practices that impact human rights in Somalia. This includes working with government bodies, international organizations, and other stakeholders.4. Protection Mechanisms: Establishes protection mechanisms for human rights defenders at risk, including providing safe spaces, legal support, and emergency assistance.5. Networking and Collaboration: Works in collaboration with local, regional, and international human rights organizations to strengthen the overall human rights movement in Somalia and to share resources and information.6. Public Awareness Campaigns: Runs public awareness campaigns to educate the Somali population about their rights and the importance of defending human rights.7. Research and Publications: Conducts research on human rights issues and publishes reports, policy briefs, and other materials to inform public discourse and policy decisions.Through these activities, CSHRD plays a crucial role in advancing human rights in Somalia, supporting those who defend these rights, and striving for a more just and equitable society. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Somalia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [147] => Array ( [objectID] => 26257 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Indonesian [timestamp] => 1721779200 [date] => 24/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-indonesian/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BD_affiche-WC-2024-indonesian.pdf ) [148] => Array ( [objectID] => 26383 [title] => Report of the Secretary General: Question of the death penalty 2024 [timestamp] => 1721088000 [date] => 16/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-secretary-general-question-of-the-death-penalty-2024/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submitted to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty. In the report, the SecretaryGeneral reaffirms the general trend towards universal abolition of the death penalty and highlights initiatives limiting its use and implementing safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing this penalty. Between July 2022 and June 2024, a minority of States continued to implement the death penalty, with some increasing their use considerably. Pursuant to Council resolution 22/11, the report includes information on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Question-of-the-death-penalty-Report-of-the-Secretary-General.pdf ) [149] => Array ( [objectID] => 26246 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Lingala [timestamp] => 1721001600 [date] => 15/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-lingala/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024-lingala.pdf ) [150] => Array ( [objectID] => 26230 [title] => Strengthening the Abolitionist Movement: Launch of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition [timestamp] => 1720742400 [date] => 12/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/strengthening-the-abolitionist-movement-launch-of-the-global-consortium-for-death-penalty-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Global-Consortium-for-Death-Penalty-Abolition-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Despite a growing number of countries worldwide joining the abolitionist movement every year, bringing the prospect of universal abolition closer to reality, the death penalty remains a significant human rights concern. [texte] => Despite a growing number of countries worldwide joining the abolitionist movement every year, bringing the prospect of universal abolition closer to reality, the death penalty remains a significant human rights concern. (more…) "Strengthening the Abolitionist Movement: Launch of the Global Consortium for Death Penalty Abolition" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [151] => Array ( [objectID] => 26212 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Yoruba [timestamp] => 1720656000 [date] => 11/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-yoruba/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024_yoruba.pdf ) [152] => Array ( [objectID] => 26193 [title] => Detailed factsheet – World Day 2024 & 2025 [timestamp] => 1720656000 [date] => 11/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-world-day-2024-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ......................................................... 1OVERVIEW ................................................................ 2SOURCES .................................................................. 3BACKGROUND ........................................................... 3Human security ........................................................... 3Deterrence .................................................................. 4DISMANTLING A MYTH: DETERRENCE, SECURITY, ANDTHE DEATH PENALTY .................................................. 4Singapore.................................................................... 5Nigeria ........................................................................ 6INTERCONNECTED INSECURITY AND MISGUIDEDRELIANCE ON THE DEATH PENALTY .............................. 7Iran ............................................................................ 8Egypt .......................................................................... 9CONCLUSION .......................................................... 10Every year, on the 10th of October, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and advocates globallymark World Day Against the Death Penalty. This occasion serves as an opportunity to celebrate the strides madein the global campaign to abolish capital punishment. In the years 2024 and 2025, the World Day will serve as anopportunity to challenge the misconception that the death penalty can make people and communities safer.Security can mean different things in different contexts.1 Politicians and others in authority often use theconcept of security to shape public opinion and garner support for certain policies.2 But the ways lawmakers andpolitical leaders identify threats to security and respond to them are often influenced by complex power dynamics,discrimination, and inequality.3 Authorities may broadly define security offenses, rendering them easy tools to1 Laura Neack, Elusive Security: States First, People Last (2007).2 John T. Hamilton, Security: Politics, Humanity, and the Philology of Care (2013).3 Thierry Balzacq, Théories de la sécurité (2011).INTRODUCTIONDETAILED FACTSHEETWorld Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2024 - 2025Security and the Death Penalty2exploit. Appeals to the need for security can politicize criminal cases and, worse, the need to protect the state maybecome a pretext for human rights violations.4Public calls for the death penalty often come from places of fear and despair, for example, in response toa government’s struggle to control rising violence and crime.5 Despite such reactions, studies show that the deathpenalty does not have a deterrent effect on crime.6 Some research even show that countries without the deathpenalty often have lower crime rates.7 In conflict zones, capital punishment does not resolve disputes; it can evenfurther violence when authorities use the death penalty to consolidate military control or to settle political scores.8Effective solutions to crime and violence must address their root causes.9 The human security approachrecognizes “the right of people to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair.”10 It shows that byaddressing issues like poverty, inequality, and social exclusion, societies can foster security without resorting tothe death penalty.Problems like climate change, violent conflict, poverty, and social inequality are interconnected andcontribute to feelings of insecurity on a global scale.11 In this complex world, authorities often justify the deathpenalty as a way to maintain security. Yet growing evidence shows that the death penalty not only fails to addressthe root causes of insecurity and crime, but can even worsen these interconnected problems by perpetuatingcycles of violence.12 This factsheet, prepared by The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in partnership withThe Advocates for Human Rights, and with the assistance of the law firm Fredrikson & Byron, P.A., highlights theinterplay between insecurity and the death penalty.First, it examines the concept of human security by tracing its evolution and recognition as an integralaspect of global security policies. Introduced in 1994, the human security approach highlights the interconnectionbetween social and economic inequalities, human rights violations, and global instability. Human security includesthree main components: freedom from want, freedom from fear, and freedom to live in dignity. This frameworkunderscores the importance of addressing basic human needs and rights in order to ensure overall security.Next, this factsheet analyzes the notion of deterrence in the context of the death penalty, to demonstratethat the death penalty does not deter crime more effectively than other forms of punishment. Evidence fromvarious jurisdictions shows that crime rates are often lower in states without the death penalty. Deterrence theoryis fraught with logical and empirical flaws; there is no credible connection between capital punishment andreduced crime rates. Rather than improving public safety, use of the death penalty exacerbates social inequalityby failing to address the underlying issues that lead to crime.Finally, this factsheet investigates specific case studies from jurisdictions that continue to use the deathpenalty. Case studies of Singapore and Nigeria highlight unsuccessful attempts to use the death penalty to deterspecific crimes, such as drug trafficking and kidnapping. Case studies of Iran and Egypt demonstrate how4 Neack, supra note 1.5 Richard C. Dieter, Smart on Crime: Reconsidering the Death Penalty in a Time of Economic Crisis (2009).6 National Research Council, Deterrence and the DeathPenalty (2012), https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13363/deterrence-and-the-death-penalty.7 Brennan Center for Justice, What Caused the Crime Decline? (2015), https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/what-caused-crime-decline.8 Amnesty International, The Death Penalty in Wartime: Arguments forAbolition (1994), https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/001/1994/en/.9 Dieter, supra note 5.10 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Human Development Report 1994: New Dimensions of HumanSecurity (1994), https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-1994.11 John T. Hamilton, Security: Politics, Humanity, and the Philology of Care (2013).12 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Environment of Peace: Security in a New Era of Risk (2022),https://www.sipri.org/publications/2022/policy-reports/environment-peace-security-new-era-risk.OVERVIEW3authorities often employ the death penalty to target marginalized groups and political dissidents, rather than topromote public safety and security. These case studies illustrate how the death penalty fails to address theunderlying causes of insecurity and can even perpetuate cycles of violence.This research draws on a comprehensive review of international human rights treaties, regionalagreements, and state-specific legislation and jurisprudence. Key sources include the United Nations Office onDrugs and Crime, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and the International Federation of Associationsof Christians Against Torture (FIACAT), as well as reports and databases from research organizations and humanrights advocacy groups such as the U.S.-based National Research Council, Reprieve, and the Death PenaltyInformation Center.HUMAN SECURITYHuman security encompasses various aspects of personal and community safety and wellbeing. Humansecurity is not just about protecting people from war or violence—it is also about making sure people have food,water, shelter, good health, and an opportunity for a decent life.13The United Nations Development Programme, in its 1994 Human Development Report, first articulated ahuman security approach to human rights. Formulated as part of an agenda for the 1995 World Summit for SocialDevelopment, the human security approach recognizes that political, social, and economic inequalities work intandem with human rights violations to create conditions of instability and violence.14 To feel protected and secure,people need to have their basic human rights upheld.Human security has three main prongs:1. Freedom from want. This prong recognizes economic, social, and environmental threats to people’sbasic needs.2. Freedom from fear. This prong recognizes all forms of violence that threaten people’s safety andcontribute to community insecurity.3. Freedom to live in dignity. This prong recognizes various threats to human rights, and promotespeople’s access to life-improving services and opportunities.Through this approach, states can implement security measures that effectively address the root causesof crime and insecurity, such as education, social services, and economic support.15The United Nations has beeninstrumental in promoting this broader understanding of security by highlighting the interconnectedness of socio-political development, human rights, and peace.16 To this end, in 2012 the United Nations General Assemblyadopted Resolution 66/290, stating that “human security is an approach to help countries identify and addresswidespread challenges to the survival, livelihood, and dignity of their people.”1713 UNDP, supra note 10.14 Id.15 Dieter, supra note 5.16 United Nations, In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security, and Human Rights for All. Report of the Secretary-General (2005), https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/543857.17 G.A. Res. 66/290, U.N. Doc. A/RES/66/290 (Oct. 25, 2012), available at https://undocs.org/A/RES/66/290.SOURCESBACKGROUND4DETERRENCEIn an effort to foster human security, states often attempt not only to affirmatively provide resources—such as clean water and healthcare—to their people, but also to discourage negative acts and outcomes thatcontribute to overall insecurity. Deterrence is the idea that, if a person faces a threat of punishment for committingan act, that p [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/EN_JM2024_-Detailed-Factsheet_Final.pdf ) [153] => Array ( [objectID] => 26171 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Chinese [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-chinese/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024-chinois-simplifie.pdf ) [154] => Array ( [objectID] => 26135 [title] => Debunking the deterrence theory [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/debunking-the-deterrence-theory/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 1Every 10th October, the World Coalition Against theDeath Penalty and abolitionist actors worldwidecelebrate the World Day Against the Death Penalty. It isan occasion to highlight the progress achieved in theglobal campaign for the abolition of capital punishment.In 2024 and 2025, the World Day will serve as anopportunity to challenge the misconception that thedeath penalty can make people and communities safer.The abolition of the death penalty has continued to gainground around the world. Today, 144 1 States areabolitionist in law or in practice, more than two thirds ofthe world’s countries. But certain countries continue tohand down death sentences and carry out executions,often citing security concerns as justification.Security is commonly defined as freedom from dangeror threat, but its interpretation varies considerably due tothe diversity of what constitutes a threat. At its heart, itis a term rooted in political discourse and often used tojustify the implementation of repressive policies,including the application of the death penalty. Thedetermination of who are considered threats, and whoare to be protected is often influenced by powerdynamics, discrimination, and inequality.Public calls for the death penalty are often expressions of fear and despair, triggered by rising violence andcrime rates that States seem unable to address. In such situations, politicians frequently present the deathpenalty as an easy solution, justifying it with the deterrence theory. This sheet aims at debunking this theory,in order to transform the security narrative that provides for the death penalty.The deterrence theory is based on the idea that the object of punishment is not only to prevent crime to becommitted a second time but also to set an example to other persons who have criminal tendencies.According to this theory, people would refrain from committing murder, or any other crimes punishable bydeath, out of fear of execution. At its most basic level, deterrence is typically understood as operating withina theory of choice in which would-be offenders balance the benefits and costs of crime.In this theory, as capital punishment is worse than any other penalties, it must lead to fewer crimes beingcommitted, but what does empirical research tell us?1 Amnesty International, Death sentences and executions in 2023 (29 May 2024).WHAT IS THE DETERRENCE THEORY?DEBUNKING THE DETERRENCE THEORYWorld Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2024 - 2025Security and the Death Penalty2Abolitionists often say that there is no evidence that the death penalty deters crime and that claims to thecontrary are impossible to prove. Why is that?THE PROBLEM OF METHODOLOGY IN ACADEMIC STUDIES• Psychological studiesBecause it would be morally repugnant to conduct random experiments on human beings in the use of capitalpunishment, it remains difficult, if not impossible, to find empirical data on the deterrent effects of the threatof capital punishment that would utterly persuade a committed proponent of the death penalty to change hisor her mind.• Econometric studiesThere is extensive research on the econometric and statistical methods used in the USA to estimate the effectof the death penalty on homicide rates. However, there is no consensus on the statistical methodology forstudying the deterrent effect of the death penalty and in the end, none of the existing studies has proved oneway or another that the death penalty is, or isn’t, a deterrent2. Why is that?The very first problem faced by statisticians is getting reliable data. In some retentionist countries, informationrelated to the death penalty is considered a state secret (China, Vietnam…) and in many others, it is not madeavailable to the public (Singapore, Malaysia…). Even in retentionist countries where information on the deathpenalty and on crime is made available, it is often extremely incomplete. For example, it is difficult to know forwhich crime people were sentenced to death and/or executed, how many people convicted of capital crimeswere sentenced to death and had later their sentence commuted on appeal or were granted a pardon. It iseven more difficult to track down how many people who committed a capital crime have not been sentencedto death and what their sentence was (life sentence without the possibility of parole, life sentence with thepossibility of parole, sentences of less than life…) It is also difficult to find data on the time actually served forconvicted criminals who are paroled or who serve less than a life sentence.Another problem regarding the data is linked to the very small numbers used in statistical models. Theprobability of most people committing a murder is so small that as a practical matter it can be treated as zero.Similarly, the probability of someone being executed is even smaller, with most retentionist countriesexecuting less than one person a year.3 Empirically, capital punishment is too infrequent to have a measurableeffect4.It is also very difficult to integrate in the statistical model factors beyond the death penalty. There are multiplevariables and factors influencing crime rates, and the death penalty, if it has any influence, is only one of them.The use of the death penalty, for example, evolves over time as a result, among other things, of a complexinterplay of crime trends, social norms, criminal justice budgets, and election results. Because executions arenot conducted in the context of a carefully controlled experimental setting, other factors that affect thehomicide rate may coincide with the execution event. Because most research so far has failed to integratethese external factors, small changes in the models used often lead to very different estimates of deterrenceeffects, in some case changing from positive to negative or vice versa.2 For extensive research on methodology, see: D. Nagin and J. Pepper, "Deterrence and the Death Penalty," Committee onLaw and Justice at the National Research Council, April 2012.3 Richard Berk, “New Claims about Executions and General Deterrence: Déjà Vu All Over Again?” Journal of Empirical LegalStudies, Vol. 2, Issue 2 -303-330, July 2005.4 Dr. Oliver Roeder, Lauren-Brooke Eisen, and Julia Bowling, “What Caused The Crime Decline?” Brennan Center for Justice,2015, p43-45.WHY IS IT SO DIFFICULT TO MEASURE THE DETERENT EFFECT OF THE DEATH PENALTY?3Another basic problem is that little is known about how those who may commit murder or any other crimepunishable by death perceive the death penalty. As it is impossible to empirically measure offenders’perceptions of the probability of execution (see point above on psychological studies), researchers have useddata on crimes and executions to construct statistics that purport to measure the objective risk of executionassuming that potential murderers have “rational expectations” and carefully assess the risk of execution.However,“it is debatable whether an individual even engages in such objective calculations beforecommitting a crime. Much psychological and sociological research suggests that manycriminal acts are crimes of passion or committed in a heated moment based only onimmediate circumstances, and thus potential offenders may not consider or weigh longer-term possibilities of punishment and capture, including the possibility of capitalpunishment.”5Even if people contemplating murder make objective calculations, there are many complications in calculatingthe objective risk of execution, including access to data and other external factors.6 These many complicationsmake it clear that, even with a concerted effort by careful, conscientious researchers to collect and analyzerelevant data on death sentences and executions, assessing the objective risk of execution faced by a personwho is likely to commit murder is a "daunting challenge”.7It is also clear that the perception of this risk by people contemplating murder must be, at best, highlyimpressionistic. When these probabilities are multiplied together, the probability of execution is small, andtherefore the possibility of being executed may never influence a criminal decision.THE VIEWS OF LEADING CRIMINOLOGISTSA study conducted by Michael Radelet and Traci Lacock in 2009 asked the opinions of the USA’s topcriminologists on the deterrence effects of the death penalty. The conclusion is that “the consensus amongcriminologists is that the death penalty does not add any significant effect above that of long-termimprisonment.”85 Dr. Oliver Roeder, Lauren-Brooke Eisen, and Julia Bowling, “What Caused The Crime Decline?” Brennan Center for Justice,2015, p43-45.6 Dr. Oliver Roeder, Lauren-Brooke Eisen, and Julia Bowling, “What Caused The Crime Decline?” Brennan Center for Justice,2015, p43-45.7 D. Nagin and J. Pepper, "Deterrence and the Death Penalty," Committee on Law and Justice at the National ResearchCouncil, April 2012.8 Michael L. Radelet & Traci L. Lacock “Recent developments, Do executions lower homicide rates?: the views of leadingcriminologists”, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 99, No. 2, pp. 489-508.4COMPARING MURDER RATES BEFORE AND AFTER ABOLITIONAccording to the deterrence theory, as capital punishment is worse than other penalties, it must lead to fewercrimes being committed in countries that still have the death penalty. On the other hand, countries that haveabolished capital punishment should inevitably experience more murders. However, when we compare theintentional homicide rates of several abolitionist countries9 since they have abolished the death penalty10,findings show quite the opposite: overall, homicide rates tend to decrease over time.• In Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Poland, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, South Africa, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia,and Albania, countries with a variety of geographical and cultural settings, there was an average ofdecline in murder rates in the decade following the abolition of the death penalty, as shown in thegraphs below. Between these 11 cou [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/EN_JM2024_Deterrence_Final.pdf ) [155] => Array ( [objectID] => 26062 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – German [timestamp] => 1720483200 [date] => 09/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-german/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/traductions_affiche-WC-2024_allemand.pdf ) [156] => Array ( [objectID] => 26057 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – 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[image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [1] ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONISTCOUNTRIESMore than two thirds of countries in the world haveabolished the death penalty in law or in practice1:• 112 countries2 abolished the death penalty for allcrimes.• 9 countries3 abolished the death penalty for ordinarycrimes only, with exceptions placed on crimescommitted in times of war, under military law or otherexceptional circumstances.• 23 countries4 can be considered abolitionist inpractice as they have not held an execution for the last10 years and are believed to have a policy or establishedpractice of not carrying out executions.• In total 144 countries have abolished the deathpenalty in law or in practice.• 55 countries5 still uphold and use the death penalty.• 16 countries6 were known to have carried outexecutions in 2023.• In 2023, the recorded top five executioners were, indescending order: China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Somaliaand the USA.[2] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDSGLOBAL ABOLITION OF THE DEATHPENALTYThe number of countries known to have carried outexecutions has decreased – 16 in 2023 as compared to20 in 2022, and numerous countries continue to takesteps towards abolition, solidifying the internationaltrend. Important legislative steps have been taken to1 Assessment of trends in 2023 based on Amnesty International, Global ReportDeath sentences and executions. 2023https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/2 Albania, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan,Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burundi,Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia,Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, Fiji, France,Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malta, Marshall Islands,Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro,Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua,Niue, North Macedonia, Norway, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Sao TomeAnd Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia,Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Togo, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay,Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela.3 Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Israel,Peru, Zambia.reduce the scope of the death penalty or abolish italtogether in Pakistan, Malaysia, Ghana and Zimbabwein 2023.Russia and Tajikistan are still observing an officialmoratorium on executions.The European Convention on Human Rights ProtocolNo. 13 for abolition in all circumstances was signed byAzerbaijan in March 2023 and ratified by Armenia inFebruary 2024.In May 2024, Ivory Coast ratified the Second Optionalprotocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of thedeath penalty.[3] DEATH SENTENCES ANDEXECUTIONS2023 saw the highest number of executions in the pastseven years, with at least 1,153 executions recordedwhile at least 2,428 death sentences were handed downin 52 countries (compared to approx. 883 executionsand 2,016 death sentences in 2022).According to Amnesty International, 31 women wereknown to have been executed: 24 in Iran, 6 in SaudiArabia and 1 in Singapore. Because of a lack ofinformation and/or transparency from manyretentionist governments, such as China whose figurescould not be incorporated in the above number, thosefigures are the lowest that could be determined. Assuch, the number of executions and death sentencesare likely to be underestimated. At the end of 2023,27,687 people were known to be under sentence ofdeath.4 Algeria, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ghana, Grenada,Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco/WesternSahara, Niger, Russia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tonga,Tunisia.5 Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,Belarus, Belize, Botswana, China, Comoros, Cuba, Democratic Republic of theCongo, Dominica, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Malaysia, Myanmar,Nigeria, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine (State of), Qatar, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore,Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago,Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United States of America, Viet Nam, Yemen,Zimbabwe.6 A figure followed with a “+” indicates the lowest reliable number of peopleexecuted although it is believed by Amnesty International that more peoplehave been executed in reality; a “+” without any figure means AmnestyInternational have corroborated more than one executions but had no sufficientinformation to provide a credible: Afghanistan (+), Bangladesh (5), China (+),Egypt (8), Iran (853+), Iraq (16+), Kuwait (5), North Korea (+), Palestine (Stateof) (+), Saudi Arabia (172), Singapore (5), Somalia (38+), Syria (+), USA (24), VietNam (+), Yemen (15+).FACTS AND FIGURESWorld Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2024Security and the Death Penalty[Americas]For the 15th consecutive year, the United States was theonly nation to carry out executions in the Americas. Thenumber of executions carried out in the country was 24,including 23 men and one transgender woman. Thisnumber represents an increase of 33% compared to2022, when 18 executions were carried out. Also, thenumber of death sentences handed down increasedcompared to previous years going from 21 in 2022 to25 in 2023. Five US states has proceeded to executionsin 2023, minus one state compared to 2022. Six men arestill facing capital punishment before unfair militarycommissions at the US naval base at Guantánamo Bay,Cuba. The military authorities had not carried outexecutions since 1961. Outside the United States, onlyGuyana and Trinidad and Tobago handed downrespectively 7 and 3 new death sentences in 2023.[Asia-Pacific]Asia continues to be the region with the highest numberof executions in the world, and the death penalty wasextensively used for offenses that are not of “mostserious crimes”. Human rights organizations working inand on China estimate the number of its executions in2023 was in the thousands; figures pertaining to thedeath penalty remain a state secret in China, as in NorthKorea and Viet Nam. Overall, six countries7 recordedexecutions, an increase from five in 2022. Nevertheless,no executions were recorded in Japan and Myanmar,countries which carried out executions in 2022. Theregion also saw an increase in the number of new deathsentences - 948 in 2023, as compared to 861 in 2022.However, recorded death sentences have lowered inIndia (165 to 120) and Myanmar (37 to 19). In Maldives,many people who were below 18 years old at the timeof the offence remain under sentence of death.[Middle East & North Africa]In Middle East and North Africa, known executions wentup by 30%, with 8 countries8 carrying out 1,073recorded executions in 2023 while it was 825 in 2022.This sharp increase is largely due to the practice ofjudicial executions used among repression in Iran (80%)and Saudi Arabia (16%) which carried out 96% ofrecorded executions in the region. In both countries,death penalty was highly used for drug-relatedoffences. Recorded death sentences also increased inthe region, going from 827 in 2022 to 950 in 2023 andwere imposed in 17 countries compared to 16 in 2022.Significant reductions in death sentences wererecorded in Egypt (24 to 8),Kuwait (7 to 5), Saudi Arabia (196 to 172).[Sub-Saharan Africa]In 2023, the only country known to have carried outexecutions in Sub-Saharan Africa was Somalia.Nevertheless, there was a significant increase inrecorded executions and death sentences. In 2023, 494death sentences were handed down in 14 countries and38 individuals were executed - compared to 298convictions in 16 countries and 11 executions,respectively in 2022.[4] EXECUTION METHODSExecutions in 2023 were carried out primarily throughbeheading (Saudi Arabia), hanging (Bangladesh, Egypt,Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Singapore, South Sudan, Syria), lethalinjection (China, United Sates, Vietnam) and shooting(Afghanistan, China, North Korea (Democratic People’sRepublic of Korea), Palestine (State of), Somalia,Yemen).[5] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTSSUPPORTING ABOLITIONProgress towards abolition has been made through theadoption of international treaties, whereby Statespledge not to use capital punishment:• Second Optional Protocol to the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at theabolition of the death penalty has been ratified by 91States as of May 2024.• Protocol to the American Convention on HumanRights on the abolition of the death penalty, has beenratified by 13 States in the Americas.• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protectionof Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has nowbeen ratified by 46 European States and signed by 1other.• Protocol No. 13 to the European Human RightsConvention concerning the abolition of the deathpenalty in all circumstances has been ratified by 45European States and signed by 1 other.Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection ofHuman Rights and Fundamental Freedoms provides forthe abolition of the death penalty in times of peace,whereas Protocol No. 13 provides for its total abolition.The Second Optional Protocol to the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights as well theProtocol to the American Convention on Human Rightsalso provide for the total abolition of the death penaltybut give the party States the possibility to make anexception during times of war.7Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, North Korea, Singapore, V [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/FactsFigures2024_EN_Final.pdf ) [163] => Array ( [objectID] => 25941 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 – Portuguese [timestamp] => 1720396800 [date] => 08/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025-portuguese/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => A PENA DE MORTE NÃO PROTEGE NINGUÉMABOLIÇÃO JÁ. 10 DE OUTUBRO 2024/2025 DIA MUNDIAL CONTRAA PENA DE MORTEwww.worldcoalition.org [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/portuguese_wc_2024.pdf ) [164] => Array ( [objectID] => 25917 [title] => Why is the Death Penalty not the answer to Rape? [timestamp] => 1720396800 [date] => 08/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/why-is-the-death-penalty-not-the-answer-to-rape/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Why-is-the-Death-Penalty-not-the-answer-to-Rape-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Every October 10th, the World Coalition against the death penalty and its members celebrates the World Day against the Death penalty. In 2024 and 2025, the abolitionist movement will focus on challenging the widespread misconception that the death penalty enhances safety for individuals and communities. [texte] => Every October 10th, the World Coalition against the death penalty and its members celebrates the World Day against the Death penalty. In 2024 and 2025, the abolitionist movement will focus on challenging the widespread misconception that the death penalty enhances safety for individuals and communities. (more…) "Why is the Death Penalty not the answer to Rape?" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [165] => Array ( [objectID] => 25904 [title] => Côte d’Ivoire Accedes to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR [timestamp] => 1720396800 [date] => 08/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/cote-divoire-accedes-to-the-second-optional-protocol-to-the-iccpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Côte d’Ivoire has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which is the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, on 3 May 2024. [texte] => Côte d’Ivoire has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which is the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, on 3 May 2024. (more…) "Côte d’Ivoire Accedes to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [166] => Array ( [objectID] => 26379 [title] => Lethal Election: How the U.S. Electoral Process Increases the Arbitrariness of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1719792000 [date] => 01/07/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lethal-election-how-the-u-s-electoral-process-increases-the-arbitrariness-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Key Findings Elected supreme court justices in Georgia, North Carolina, and Ohio are twice as likely to affirm death penalty cases during an election year than in any other year. This effect is statistically significant when controlling for the number of cases each year. Changing public opinion means that zealous support for the death penalty is no longer a litmus test for elected officials in many death penalty jurisdictions. Today’s elections feature viable candidates who criticize use of the death penalty and pledge reforms or even non-use, reflecting the significant decline in public support for the death penalty. Elected governors were more likely to grant clemency in the past when they did not face voters in an upcoming election. Concerns about voter “backlash” have eased today with declining public support and low numbers of new death sentences and executions, and have led to an increased number of prisoners benefiting from clemency grants, especially mass grants, in recent years. [texte] => Lethal Election: How the U.S. Electoral Process Increases the Arbitrariness of the Death PenaltyPosted on Jul 01, 2024Read the Full Report Press ReleaseKey FindingsUpElected supreme court justices in Georgia, North Carolina, and Ohio are twice as likely to affirm death penalty cases during an election year than in any other year. This effect is statistically significant when controlling for the number of cases each year. Changing public opinion means that zealous support for the death penalty is no longer a litmus test for elected officials in many death penalty jurisdictions. Today’s elections feature viable candidates who criticize use of the death penalty and pledge reforms or even non-use, reflecting the significant decline in public support for the death penalty. Elected governors were more likely to grant clemency in the past when they did not face voters in an upcoming election. Concerns about voter “backlash” have eased today with declining public support and low numbers of new death sentences and executions, and have led to an increased number of prisoners benefiting from clemency grants, especially mass grants, in recent years. Illustrative Political Ads [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/lethal-election ) [167] => Array ( [objectID] => 25885 [title] => What China’s report to the United Nations tells us about transparency and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1719532800 [date] => 28/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/what-chinas-report-to-the-united-nations-tells-us-about-transparency-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => In January 2024, China underwent its fourth Universal Periodic Review (UPR) by the UN Human Rights Council. While in all previous reviews, the death penalty was mentioned in the Chinese state report, nothing was reported this year. [texte] => In January 2024, China underwent its fourth Universal Periodic Review (UPR) by the UN Human Rights Council. While in all previous reviews, the death penalty was mentioned in the Chinese state report, nothing was reported this year. (more…) "What China’s report to the United Nations tells us about transparency and the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [168] => Array ( [objectID] => 25861 [title] => A decrease in the number of countries with the death penalty worldwide, despite an increase in executions [timestamp] => 1718841600 [date] => 20/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-decrease-in-the-number-of-countries-with-the-death-penalty-worldwide-despite-an-increase-in-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Capture-decran-2024-06-14-145232-500x280.png [extrait] => On 29 May 2024, Amnesty International published its annual report on the state of the death penalty worldwide. Amnesty International’s monitoring shows that in 2023 the lowest number of countries on record carried out the highest number of known executions in close to a decade. [texte] => On 29 May 2024, Amnesty International published its annual report on the state of the death penalty worldwide. Amnesty International’s monitoring shows that in 2023 the lowest number of countries on record carried out the highest number of known executions in close to a decade. (more…) "A decrease in the number of countries with the death penalty worldwide, despite an increase in executions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [169] => Array ( [objectID] => 24045 [title] => “Frightening” increase of executions in Iran [timestamp] => 1718841600 [date] => 20/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/frightening-increase-of-executions-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-final-1-500x280.png [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) reports that at least 243 people, including 10 women, have been executed in 2024, as of 15 June. In 2023, the number of people executed has increased from 582 to 834. At least 471 people were executed for drug-related offenses. This represent a 84% increase compared to 2022 (256). [texte] => Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) reports that at least 243 people, including 10 women, have been executed in 2024, as of 15 June. In 2023, the number of people executed has increased from 582 to 834. At least 471 people were executed for drug-related offenses. This represent a 84% increase compared to 2022 (256). (more…) "“Frightening” increase of executions in Iran " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [170] => Array ( [objectID] => 25721 [title] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2024 – 2025 [timestamp] => 1718150400 [date] => 12/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2024-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/affiche-WC-2024-AN-BD.pdf ) [171] => Array ( [objectID] => 25702 [title] => MOBILIZATION KIT World Day Against the Death Penalty 2024 – 2025 Security and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1718150400 [date] => 12/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-10-october-2024-2025-security-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => MOBILIZATION KITWorld Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2024 - 2025Security and the death penaltySince 2003, the World Coalition Againstthe Death Penalty (World Coalition) hasbeen organizing local initiatives andglobal actions that shine a spotlight onthe abolition of the death penalty. ThisMobilization Kit is designed to help local,regional and global actors understand theobjectives of the World Day Against theDeath Penalty (World Day) and organizeactivities that will mobilize theircommunities in favor of abolition.The World Day happens every 10 Octoberwith the aim of raising awareness of thedeath penalty among political leaders andthe general public, in both retentionist andabolitionist countries. The objective is tomaintain and share a sense of abolitionand of justice without the death penalty,particularly for future generations. Thisday also serves to bring abolitionistmovements together, and to provideglobal support to the sometimes-isolatedactions on the ground.Every World Day focuses on a specificissue related to the death penalty, such aspoverty (2017) and gender (2021). In2024 and 2025, it will explore the link withsecurity, aiming to challenge themisconception that the death penalty canmake people and communities safer.For more information, go to:www.worldcoalition.org/worlddayJOIN USADDITIONAL MATERIALSCONTACT USWHAT’S INSIDE?ARGUMENTS AGAINST THEDEATH PENALTYPRESENTATIONORGANIZE EVENTSWORLD DAY TOOLS YOU CANUSE34510 things you can do to end the death penalty10 practical worksheets to help you10 tips for a successful event561314151717WebsitesFilm selectionVideos151516Art Exhibitions and Artwork 16Security is commonly defined as freedom from danger or threat, but its interpretationvaries considerably due to the diversity of what constitutes a threat. At its heart, it is aterm rooted in political discourse and often used to justify the implementation ofrepressive policies, including the application of the death penalty by States. Powerdynamics, discrimination and inequalities significantly influence who is identified as"dangerous" and who is given protection.The idea that the death penalty has a deterrent effect on crime is often used to justify itsapplication, despite no evidence that the death penalty deters crime more effectively thanother punishments. In fact, studies show that abolitionist States have lower crime ratesthan those that retain the death penalty. Moreover, in the context of armed conflicts,capital punishment fails to resolve disputes and can even perpetuate cycles of violence,as it is often used arbitrarily for military control and settling scores.It is undeniable that the death penalty does not protect individuals and societies, becauseit threatens human dignity and reinforces social and economic disparities bydisproportionately affecting marginalized groups. To achieve effective long-termsolutions, we need to tackle the root causes of crime and violence. The human securityapproach broadens our understanding of security by highlighting the links betweenviolent conflict, socio-economic disparities, and human rights violations. It proposespreventive security measures like disarmament and inclusive governance systems.Furthermore, other security practices redefine who serves as protection providers,promoting community responsibility and mediation, as well as restorative andtransformative justice.PRESENTATIONThe main objective of this World Day is to raise public awareness that the death penaltycannot provide security, in order to encourage critical thinking and mobilize support forthe abolition of the death penalty worldwide.To do so, the World Coalition and its member organizations have identified specificobjectives:Support abolitionist activities by sharing important tools for advocacy andmobilization.Share the stories of persons sentenced to death, victims’ families, law enforcementofficials and other people affected by capital punishment.Work with civil society organizations that promote holistic approaches to security.3OBJECTIVESNo State should have the power to take a person’s life.It is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from error and innocent people are likely to besentenced to death or executed.It is unfair.The death penalty is discriminatory and is used disproportionately againstpeople from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, people with intellectual orpsychosocial disabilities, and members of racial and ethnic minority groups. In somecountries, the death penalty is used to target groups on the basis of their sexualorientation, gender identity, political opinion, or religion.It is inhuman, cruel, and degrading. Conditions on death row and the anguish of facingexecution inflict extreme psychological and physical suffering, and execution is a physicaland mental assault.It denies any possibility of rehabilitation.It is applied overwhelmingly in violation of international standards. It breaches theprinciples of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that everyonehas the right to life and that no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman ordegrading treatment or punishment. On nine occasions, the United Nations GeneralAssembly has called for the establishment of a moratorium on the use of the deathpenalty (resolutions No. 62/149 in 2007, No. 63/168 in 2008, No. 65/206 in 2010, 67/176in 2012, No. 69/186 in 2014, No. 71/187 in 2016 and No. 73/175 in 2018 and No. 75/183in 2020 and No. 77/222 in 2022).It creates unjustifiable pain for everyone in contact with it: particularly the relatives ofboth victims and people sentenced to death, including children, with harshtransgenerational consequences.It is counterproductive, because killing of a human being as a criminal justice solutionendorses murder more than it fights it.It is inefficient and does not keep society safer. It has never been conclusively shown thatthe death penalty deters crime more effectively than life imprisonment. On the contrary,studies show that the rate of the most violent crimes is higher in retentionist countriesthan in abolitionist countries.Many murder victims’ families do not want the death penalty. A large and growingnumber of victims’ families worldwide reject the death penalty and are speaking outagainst it, saying it does not bring back or honor their murdered family member, does notheal the pain of the murder, and violates their ethical and/or religious beliefs.ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY4ORGANIZE EVENTSBelow are suggestions to spark ideas for taking action during this World Day!Wherever you are – in Africa, in the Americas, in Asia, in Oceania or in Europe,Whoever you are – artists, citizens, elected representatives, journalists, lawyers,members of Parliament, NGOs, teachers, religious leaders,Whatever your project is – concerts, cultural and educational activities, debates,demonstrations, press conferences, movie screenings.10 THINGS YOU CAN DO TO END THE DEATH PENALTYOrganize a gathering online or in person. It can take the shape of a demonstration, an escapegame, a webinar, a remote workshop, or a conversation to create awareness (invite a speakeror read testimonies to provoke discussion), a debate or a movie screening with families ofvictims or of people sentenced to death, exonerees, their lawyers and experts, an art exhibition(of artwork made by people sentenced to death, of photographs of death row, of drawings orposters) or a theater performance.See worksheet No. 1, worksheet No. 2, w orksheet No. 3, worksheet No. 4, worksheet No. 7 and worksheetNo. 8Learn and engage with grassroots practices that promote healing and accountability processesin your community. It could be indigenous or community-led practices that work with peoplewho suffer and cause harm, like restorative or transformative justice.See worksheet No. 9Build partnerships with minority group’s rights organizations (women, LGBTQIA+ people,religious minorities, ethnic minorities...) to raise awareness of the aggravating threats ofdiscrimination. Ask for a meeting, collaborate together for a World Day activity, radio broadcast,event, or joint declaration.See worksheet No. 10Lobby politicians to abolish the death penalty and implement preventive security policies.Check out our guide on working with parliamentarians for abolition:www.worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-work-with-parliamentarians-for-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty.Promote a culture of peace in your community and beyond. Advocate for policies and actionsthat foster dialogue and nonviolent conflict resolution. Educate yourself and others to bepeacebuilders.See worksheet No. 9510 PRACTICAL WORKSHEETS TO HELP YOUJoin the events prepared for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide.Donate to a group working to end the death penalty in your country, region or worldwide.Follow the social media campaign on Facebook, Instagram and X (Twitter) and launch yourown using: #nodeathpenaltySee worksheet No. 6Mobilize the media to challenge the security narrative that supports the death penalty. Callfor interviews with specialists, testimonies from victims, investigations on local cases andraising awareness campaigns that address the root causes of harm and violence.See worksheet No. 5Participate in Cities Against the Death Penalty/Cities for Life on 30 November 2024 and2025.First, find out information on the legal conditions, the requiredauthorizations for a demonstration, the prerequisite declarations or thedelay, and the sanitary requirements.Define the message you would like to spread: do you want to point a specificcase out or to call on political leaders or public opinion?Put an “organizing group” in place to welcome people and answer theirquestions, share materials, and explain the rules.No matter what event you choose to plan, the most important is tocommunicate! Before the event, contact and invite local media (seeworksheet No. 7) and/or create an event on social media to spot as manypeople as possible. Send an emai [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/WD2024-Mobilization-Kit-EN-1.pdf ) [172] => Array ( [objectID] => 25659 [title] => Leaflet – World Day 2024 & 2025 [timestamp] => 1717977600 [date] => 10/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-world-day-2024-2025/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Every 10th October, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionist actors worldwide celebrate the World Day Against the Death Penalty. It is an occasion to highlight the progress achieved in the global campaign for the abolition of capital punishment. In 2024 and 2025, the World Day will serve as an opportunity to challenge […] [texte] => Every 10th October, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionist actors worldwide celebrate the World Day Against the Death Penalty. It is an occasion to highlight the progress achieved in the global campaign for the abolition of capital punishment. In 2024 and 2025, the World Day will serve as an opportunity to challenge the misconception that the death penalty can make people and communities safer. 1WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYEvery 10th October, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionist actors worldwide celebrate the World Day Against the Death Penalty. It is an occasion to highlight the progress achieved in the global campaign for the abolition of capital punishment. In 2024 and 2025, the World Day will serve as an opportunity to challenge the misconception that the death penalty can make people and communities safer.The abolition of the death penalty has continued to gain ground around the world. Today, 1441 States are abolitionist in law or in practice, more than two thirds of the world’s countries. But certain countries continue to hand down death sentences and carry out executions, often citing security concerns as justification.Security is commonly defined as freedom from danger or threat, but its interpretation varies considerably due to diverse opinions on what constitutes a threat. At its heart, it is a term rooted in political discourse and often used as a political tactic to influence public opinion and justify security policies. The determination of who are considered threats, and who are to be protected is often influenced by power dynamics, discrimination, and inequality. When applied to criminal justice, security offenses are in many cases broadly defined and can be open to abuse. Using the “security argument” at best politicizes a judicial procedure that is supposed to be impartial and fair, and at worst provides a context for human rights abuses in the name of State protection.Public calls for the death penalty are often expressions of fear and despair, triggered by rising violence and crime rates that States seem unable to address, making the death penalty appear as an easy solution. The deterrence theory is often used as a justification to retain this cruel punishment, despite no evidence that the death penalty deters crime more effectively than other sentences. In fact, studies indicate that abolitionist States have lower crime rates than those retaining the death penalty. Moreover, in the context of armed conflicts, capital punishment fails to resolve disputes and can even perpetuate cycles of violence, as it is often used arbitrarily for military control and settling scores.It is undeniable that the death penalty does not protect individuals and societies because it threatens human dignity and reinforces social and economic disparities by disproportionately affecting marginalized groups. To achieve effective long-term solutions, we must prioritize people's concerns and tackle the root causes of crime and violence. The human security 1 AmnestyInternational,Deathsentencesandexecutionsin2023(29May2024).22nd WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY2approach broadens our understanding of security by explaining the various interrelated threats to “the right of people to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair”2. It proposes preventive security measures like disarmament and inclusive governancesystems. Furthermore, other security practices redefine who serves as protection providers, promoting community accountability and mediation, as well as restorative and transformative justice. INTERNATIONAL NORMS: THE RIGHT TO SECURITY WHAT IS THE DETERRENCE THEORY?It asserts that people will refrain from committing murder, or other crimes punishable by death, out of fear of execution.Please see the “Debunking the Deterrence Theory Factsheet” on our website to learn about the different research that challenges this theory.— The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, article 3, states that “everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person.”— Other human rights mechanisms also link the right to securityto the right to liberty, as in:* International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966 (art. 9)* European Convention for the Protection of Human Rightsand Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 (art. 5)* American Convention on Human Rights of 1969(art. 7.1)* African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights of1981 (art. 6)* Arab Charter on Human Rights of 2004 (art. 14) * Association of Southeast Asian NationsDeclaration on Human Rights, 2012 (art. 12)— Furthermore, the right to security is also related to the rightto peace in:* African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights of 1981 (art. 23)* Association of Southeast Asian Nations Declaration on Human Rights, 2012 (art. 38)— In 2012, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 66/290 which stated that “human security is an approach to assist Member States in identifying and addressing widespread and cross- cutting challenges to the survival, livelihood and dignity of their people.”2 UnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyResolution66/290(10September2012). 3 More information on human security is available at: https://www.un.org/humansecurity/what-is-human-security/3 WHAT IS HUMAN SECURITY? An approach that recognizes that socio-economic disparities and human rights violations originate and increase the risk of instability and violence. Thus, to be protected, people need to have their basic rights and freedoms upheld.3 WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYOur deep thanks to the individuals who shared their stories and to the organizations which sent them.For additional, full-length testimonies, please read “Insecurity Revealed: Voices Against the Death Penalty” on our website. The following personal stories have been edited for length. TAIWANEssen Leeis a Taiwanese lawyer and a victim’s family member.“Because my grandmother died in a robbery, suffering froma head injury and intracranial bleeding, and eventually left us due to brain death. At that time, and even now, I also had the urge to seek revenge. The desire for revenge stems from the deep hurt I experienced, which is the expression of a victim. [...] Through the process of studying law, I gradually understood the reasons and context of crimes. If we examine the life experiences of each defendant, they may have been victims to some extent or in other events. The causes of crimes, whether near or far, are often related to the repressed, frustrated, unaccepted, marginalized, discriminated, or victimized experiences of the perpetrators. Through this learning process, I have transformed my hatred towards "criminals" into sighs for the past lives of the "defendants," and I am able to take the "causes of crime" more seriously. The death penalty would obscure the pursuit of the causes of crime, leadingus to mistakenly believe that the victims have been supported.”Essen Lee’s story was shared by the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty “The death penalty would obscure the pursuit of the causes of crime, leading us to mistakenly believe that the victims have been supported.”22nd WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY4 N A R IAnonymousprison guard that served in an Iranian prison for almost a decade.“I saw some very unpleasant scenes in those years. The people who were sentenced to be executed; they would not let go of their children when visitation time was over. For example, they would cry, their kids wouldn’t leave their arms ... I saw all the inmates’ problems and their families and couldn’t do anything for them, it was very painful for me...In one or two instances, I had to bring the corpse down myself because no one stayed to help [...] with all the sadness and pain. Because the [inmate] who I spoke to three days ago is now being executed in front of my eyes or I’m putting him inside the body bag myself to leave and never return. It was a very, very horrific scene. These executions truly affected my life, my psyche and nerves, and it affected my everything. Many times, when I came home, I could not eat [...] I was always someone who, between friends and acquaintances and family, was 100% identified as a happy person. I lost my spirits. I mean when I would come home, I was in my thoughts a lot of the time... sometimes I would not even leave the house. I mean, for up to two or three months, according to my family, I talked in my sleep, or I would shout in my sleep, and I was sad.”Anonymous story shared by Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran TUNISIAKhedija Arfaouiis a Tunisian academic, feminist and abolitionist activist and founding member of the National Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CTCPM).“When I learned that my son, he was my youngest, Dali and his wife, had been murdered along with 37 other people, in Istanbul, on the first of January 2017, [...] I was so stunned. Several people were saying, "Ah, if I catch him, I'll kill him!" No, my concern was not to kill the one who had killed, because no one has the right to kill. Only God has the right, only God gives life and death. That's the way I see it. Will killing these criminals bring the dead back to life? No. I'm against the death penalty. I'm not going to be like [...] the father of the child who was killed, [who] went to kiss his son's murderer, I won't go that far. I can never forgive the man who killed my children, I can never forgive him. But I don't want him executed. [...] I was and remain fundamentally and consciously against the death penalty.”Khedija Arfaoui’s story was shared by the National Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CTCPM)5WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGOSifa Wembohas been on death row in the DRC since 2022.“I'm the mother of two children, and two years ago I was sentenced to death in a trial in which I was unable to defend myself because I had no lawyer. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JM-BROCHURE_EN_V3_BD.pdf ) [173] => Array ( [objectID] => 25624 [title] => REPORT WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY 2023 [timestamp] => 1717718400 [date] => 07/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => REPORT WORLD DAY AGAINST THEDEATH PENALTY 20232Table of contentsFOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................. 3Data collection methodology .................................................................................................................. 5I. Continuing Advocacy: Shedding Light on the Relationship between Capital Punishment and Tortureor other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ........................................................... 81. Raising awareness: Understanding the links between the death penalty and torture or othercruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ..................................................................... 82. Create and share World Day tools to support advocacy on these issues ....................................... 83. Distribution of the tools created ..................................................................................................... 9II. Encourage local initiatives and strengthen abolitionist civil society ................................................. 101. Local initiatives supported by the World Coalition .................................................................. 102. Local initiatives organized by members for World Day 2023 .................................................. 103. Details of the global mobilization .................................................................................................. 113.1 Americas .................................................................................................................................. 113.2 Asia .......................................................................................................................................... 113.3 Europe ..................................................................................................................................... 123.4 Middle East and North Africa .................................................................................................. 133.4 Sub-Saharan Africa .................................................................................................................. 14III. World Day 2023 Coverage ................................................................................................................ 151. Institutional and media coverage of World Day 2023 ............................................................. 151.1 Institutional resonance .................................................................................................... 151.2 Media coverage of World Day 2023 ................................................................................ 161.3 Social media coverage of World Day 2023 ...................................................................... 17VI. Impact of World Days 2022-2023 .................................................................................................... 191. Progress in the recognition of the death penalty as equivalent to torture or other cruel,inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ............................................................................. 192. Other impacts of World Day Against the Death Penalty .......................................................... 20VI. Appendices ....................................................................................................................................... 221. About the World Coalition ............................................................................................................ 222. Link to list of all members ............................................................................................................. 223FOREWORDWhy have we chosen torture as the theme for this year's World Day against the Death Penaltyfor the second year running?The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty ("World Coalition") aims to strengthen the internationaldimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate goal is the universal abolition of the deathpenalty. In countries where the death penalty is applied, the World Coalition strives to reduce its useby supporting and invoking respect for international human rights standards. Since the creation of theWorld Coalition in 2002, significant progress has been made towards universal abolition of the deathpenalty. Many states that still retain the death penalty either no longer execute or have since restrictedits application.Every October 10, the World Day against the Death Penalty ("World Day") unites the global abolitionistmovement and mobilizes civil society, political leaders, legal experts, the general public and others tosupport the call for universal abolition of capital punishment. This day encourages and consolidatesthe political and general awareness of the worldwide movement against the death penalty.In 2023, the World Day continued to explore the relationship between the application of the deathpenalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, a reflectioninitiated in 2022. By continuing to focus on this theme for the second year in a row, the World Coalitionfor the first time adopted a cyclical approach for the World Day action, replacing a previous 1 year/1theme approach, in favor of a 2 year/1 theme approach. This shift addresses the recommendationsfrom members of the World Coalition and an external consultancy conducted for World Day 2021,while also incorporating the insights and lessons learned from organizing twenty World Days. Notableamong these observations is the need for member organizations of the World Coalition to have moretime to familiarize themselves with the theme and engage in results-oriented advocacy. Additionally,the threshold effect1 observed in event organization over the past 2-3 years raises questions about theSecretariat's role in supporting activity implementation. Furthermore, the new context created by thesuccessful institutionalization of this World Day, established from scratch in 2002, is also considered.This poses the question of what is needed to continue mobilizing efforts for World Day and how theabolitionist movement and member-organizations of the World Coalition can engage in an effectivecampaign. This multi-year approach aims to promote long-term, impact-focused actions. By favoring atwo-year approach, the World Coalition hopes to encourage sustained mobilization around a specifictheme, enabling concrete results to be achieved around the abolition of the death penalty and,pending this, a reduction in the application of this punishment.The aim of the 2023 World Day was therefore to reinforce the links already established in 2022between the application of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman or degradingtreatment or punishment, namely:• Physical or psychological torture, which has in many cases been used to obtain confessions ofguilt to capital crimes;1 The Global Coalition has observed in recent years that the number of activities organized has not exceeded a certain"threshold."4• “Death row syndrome”, anxiety developed by those under the threat of execution especiallyfor prolonged periods of time, which contributes to the long-term psychological decline of aperson's health;• Harsh living conditions on death row, contributing to physical deterioration;• Execution methods that cause exceptional pain;• The existence of discrimination based on sex, gender, poverty, age, sexual orientation,religious or ethnic minority status and other factors that may aggravate the cruel, inhumanand degrading treatment of people sentenced to death.5Data collection methodologyWith a view to improving and optimizing the way we measure the impact of World Day; this report isbased on the use of new data collection methods that will be integrated into future World Day researchto create more sustainable outputs. To compliment the evolution of World Day theme/cycle as laidout in the introduction of this report, these research innovations represent the first steps in a broaderreflection on how the evaluation of World Day has been carried out to date. To ensure thetransparency and clarity of the data presented in this report, this section details the origin of the datacollected and the methods used to gather it.Data on media coverage and social networks:Media and social network coverage of World Day 2023 was measured using the online monitoring tool"TalkWalker"2. This tool measures a topic's online presence and engagement based on a wide range ofsources including online media, print, radio, and social networks. TalkWalker can measure engagementrates3, reach4 and impressions5 relating to a particular topic in over 187 different languages.For this report, we commissioned TalkWalker to assess the media and social network visibility of WorldDay 2023 from October 1st to 13th, 20236. During this period, TalkWalker analyzed all mentions ofWorld Day and, more broadly, of the abolition of the death penalty7.As far as media coverage is concerned, TalkWalker scrutinized the visibility of the World Day across avariety of sources, including online news, blogs, forums, newspapers, TV, radio, magazines, wireservices, podcasts, and press releases. It should be noted that the data provided for "media coverage"is limited to online media, and does not reflect "total" media coverage, which would include printmedia data. The World Coalition Secretariat has access to print media data only through its memberorganizations and partners who choose to share information for their countries/coverage.For social network coverage, TalkWalker analyzed the World Day's visibility on Twitter, Instagram,Facebook, Youtube, and Tiktok.Data on events organized to mark the World Day:Two approaches have been adopted to identify World Day events:2 See: https://www.talkwalker.com/fr3 Engagement for an article/publication is [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/EN-World-Day-2023-Report-Final-Short-version.pdf ) [174] => Array ( [objectID] => 25612 [title] => Abolitionist advocacy at the 88th CEDAW Session [timestamp] => 1717718400 [date] => 07/06/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-advocacy-at-the-88th-cedaw-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/88th-CEDAW-Session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The 88th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) was held in Geneva, Switzerland, from May 13 to 31, 2024. [texte] => The 88th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) was held in Geneva, Switzerland, from May 13 to 31, 2024. (more…) "Abolitionist advocacy at the 88th CEDAW Session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brazil [1] => Estonia [2] => Kuwait [3] => Malaysia [4] => Montenegro [5] => Republic of Korea [6] => Rwanda [7] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [175] => Array ( [objectID] => 24943 [title] => Indonesian – Laporan Global Amnesty International : hukuman mati dan eksekusi 2023 [timestamp] => 1716940800 [date] => 29/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-laporan-global-amnesty-international-hukuman-mati-dan-eksekusi-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pemantauan yang dilakukan oleh Amnesty Internasional terhadap hukuman mati secara global mencatat terdapat 1.153 eksekusi hukuman mati pada tahun 2023. Angka tersebut menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sebanyak 31% dari 883 eksekusi pada tahun 2022. Namun, ada penurunan yang signifikan pada angka negara yang menerapkan hukuman mati. Dari 20 negara pada 2022 menjadi hanya 16 negara di 2023 [texte] => LAPORAN GLOBAL AMNESTY INTERNATIONALHUKUMAN MATIDAN EKSEKUSI2023© Amnesty International 2024Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeFor more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.orgWhere material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence.First published in 2020by Amnesty International LtdPeter Benenson House, 1 Easton StreetLondon WC1X 0DW, UKIndex: ACT 50/7952/2024 Original language: Englishamnesty.org/amnesty.idAmnesty International adalah sebuah gerakan global dengandukungan lebih dari 10 juta orang yang berkampanye untuk sebuahdunia di mana hak asasi manusia menjadi hak semua orang. Visi kami adalah tempat para penguasa menepati janjinya,menghormati hukum internasional, dan dapat dimintaipertanggungjawaban. Kami bekerja secara independen daripemerintah, ideologi politik, kepentingan ekonomi maupun agama, serta dibiayai secara khusus dari keanggotaan dan donasimasyarakat. Kami percaya dengan bertindak dalam solidaritasdan dengan hati bersama semua orang dapat mengubahmasyarakat menjadi lebih baik. DAFTAR ISINEGARA PELAKSANA EKSEKUSI MATI DI 2023 3LAPORAN ANGKA PENERAPAN HUKUMAN MATI AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 4PENERAPAN HUKUMAN MATI PADA TAHUN 2023 5TREN GLOBAL 5EKSEKUSI MATI 7METODE EKSEKUSI MATI DI DUNIA 2023 8VONIS MATI 9KOMUTASI, PENGAMPUNAN, DAN PELEPASAN ATAS TUDUHAN (EXONERATIONS) 10RINGKASAN KAWASAN ASIA-PASIFIK 12TREN REGIONAL 12LAMPIRAN I: EKSEKUSI TERCATAT DAN HUKUMAN MATI PADA TAHUN 2023 19EKSEKUSITERCATAT PADA TAHUN 2023 19HUKUMAN MATITERCATAT PADA TAHUN 2023 20LAMPIRAN II: NEGARA ABOLISIONIS DAN RETENSIONIS PER 31 DESEMBER 2023 21LAMPIRAN III: RATIFIKASI PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL PER 31 DESEMBER 2023 23LAMPIRAN IV: HASIL PEMUNGUTAN SUARA DEWAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA PBB 54/35 DIADOPSIPADA 13 OKTOBER 2023 25HUKUMAN MATI DAN EKSEKUSI 2023 HUKUMAN MATI DAN EKSEKUSI 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL AMNESTY INTERNATIONALNEGARA PELAKSANA EKSEKUSI MATI DI 2023BANGLADESHKOREA UTARASURIAHVIETNAMSURIAHVIETNAMTIONGKOKIRANMESIRIRAKARAB SAUDIASSOMALIAYAMANNEGARA BAGIANPALESTINAKUWAITSINGAPURAAFGHANISTAN8. MESIREksekusi mati menurun sebesar 67% dibandingkan tahun 2022 namun sebanyak 590 vonis hukuman mati telah dijatuhkan.6. IRAKEksekusi mati massal dilakukan terhadap 13 orang di Penjara Pusat Nasiriyah tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.2. IRANEksekusi mati tercatat meningkat 48% dibandingkan tahun 2022, sebagian besar diakibatkan oleh meningkatnya pelanggaran narkotika.1. TIONGKOKMelanjutkan eksekusi mati dan menjatuhkan hukuman mati terhadap ribuan orang, namun jumlahnya dirahasiakan.10. KOREA UTARAHukuman mati kemungkinan besar diterapkan secara konsisten, namun karena pembatasan akses informasi verifikasi independen tidak mungkin dilakukan.12. VIETNAMHukuman mati yang tercatat dilakukan terhadap kejahatan terkait narkotika.4. SOMALIAJumlah eksekusi mati meningkat 6 kali lipat dari 6 pada tahun 2022 menjadi 38 pada tahun 2023.3. ARAB SAUDIEksekusi mati tercatat menurun12% dibandingkan tahun 2022.11. SURIAHEksekusi mati masih diterapkan namun angkanya tidak dapat tersedia.Peta ini menggambarkan lokasi umum terkait batas dan yurisdiksi wilayah dan tidak dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai pandangan Amnesty International atas wilayah yang disengketakan.Dari negara yang mengeksekusi mati pada tahun 2023, 12 negara yang disebutkan pada peta ini telah melaksanakan hukuman mati secara terus menerus selama 5 tahun terakhir+ mengindikasikan jumlah minimum yang dihitung oleh Amnesty International. Di mana + tidak didahului oleh angka, artinya Amnesty International percaya bahwa terdapat lebih dari satu eksekusi mati, namun angkanya tidak dapat dipastikan9. BANGLADESHTercatat vonis mati meningkatmeningkat sebesar 47% dibandingkan tahun 2022.7. YAMANEksekusi mati meningkat hampir 4kali lipat dari 4 pada tahun 2022 menjadi 15 pada tahun 2023.5. AMERIKA SERIKAT Eksekusi mati meningkat 33% dibandingkan tahun 2022, namun angka tersebut merupakan angka terendah sepanjang sejarah.4 HUKUMAN MATI DAN EKSEKUSI 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONALLAPORAN ANGKA PENERAPAN HUKUMAN MATI AMNESTY INTERNATIONALLaporan ini mencakup penerapan hukuman mati secara yudisial untuk periode Januari hingga Desember 2023. Seperti tahun-tahun sebelumnya, informasi dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber, termasuk: angka resmi; putusan pengadilan; informasi dari individu yang divonis mati dan keluarga serta perwakilan mereka; laporan media; dan, sebagaimana dijelaskan, organisasi masyarakat sipil lainnya. Amnesty International hanya melaporkan eksekusi, hukuman mati dan aspek lain dari penerapan hukuman mati, seperti komutasi dan pelepasan atas tuduhan (exonerations), di mana terdapat konfirmasi data yang memadai. Di banyak negara, pemerintah tidak mempublikasikan informasi tentang penerapan hukuman mati mereka. Di Tiongkok dan Vietnam, data tentang penggunaan hukuman mati diklasifikasikan sebagai rahasia negara. Selama tahun 2023, sedikit atau tidak ada informasi yang tersedia untuk beberapa negara -terutama Belarus dan Korea Utara - karena praktik negara yang membatasi informasi.Oleh karena itu, di banyak negara, angka penerapan hukuman mati yang dimiliki Amnesty International hanya berupa batas minimum. Angka keseluruhan yang sebenarnya seringkali lebih tinggi.Pada tahun 2009, Amnesty International berhenti mempublikasikan angka perkiraan tentang penggunaan hukuman mati di Tiongkok, keputusan ini mencerminkan kekhawatiran tentang bagaimana pemerintah Tiongkok salah mengartikan angka yang tercantum di laporan. Amnesty International selalu menjelaskan bahwa angka yang dapat dipublikasikan untuk Tiongkok jauh lebih rendah daripada kenyataannya, karena pembatasan akses informasi. Tiongkok belum mempublikasikan angka penerapan hukuman mati; namun, informasi yang tersedia menunjukkan bahwa setiap tahun ribuan orang dieksekusi dan divonis hukuman mati. Amnesty International mengulangi seruannya terhadap pemerintah Tiongkok untuk mempublikasikan informasi penerapan hukuman mati di Tiongkok.Jika Amnesty International menerima dan dapat memverifikasi informasi baru setelah publikasi laporan ini, kami akan memperbarui angka-angka tersebut secara online di amnesty.org/en/whatwe-do/death-penaltyDalam tabel dan daftar, apabila terdapat tanda "+" setelah angka di samping nama suatu negara - misalnya, Malaysia (38+) - itu berarti bahwa Amnesty International mengkonfirmasi 38 eksekusi, vonis hukuman mati atau orang yang dihukum mati di Malaysia, tetapi meyakini juga bahwa angka sesungguhnya lebih dari 38 kasus. Ketika "+" muncul setelah nama negara tanpa angka - misalnya, Oman (+) - itu berarti bahwa Amnesty International telah mengkonfirmasi eksekusi, vonis hukuman mati atau orang yang dihukum mati (lebih dari satu) di negara tersebut tetapi memiliki informasi yang tidak memadai untuk memberikan angka minimum yang kredibel. Saat menghitung total global dan kawasan, "+" telah dihitung sebagai dua, termasuk untuk Tiongkok.Amnesty International menentang hukuman mati dalam semua kasus tanpa pengecualian terlepas dari sifat atau keadaan kejahatan; kesalahan, kebenaran atau karakteristik lain dari individu; atau metode yang digunakan oleh negara untuk melaksanakan hukuman mati. Organisasi ini berjuang untuk penghapusan total hukuman mati.HUKUMAN MATI DAN EKSEKUSI 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 5PENERAPAN HUKUMAN MATI PADA TAHUN 2023“Kita tidak bisa sembarangan mengabaikan adanya hak hidup yang melekat pada setiap individu. [...] Hukuman mati belum memberikan hasil yang diharapkan”. Ramkarpal Singh, Wakil Menteri di Departemen Perdana Menteri yang membidangi Hukum dan Reformasi Kelembagaan1TREN GLOBALPemantauan Amnesty International menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2023 memiliki angka terendah dalam negara tercatat yang berkontribusi terhadap angka eksekusi mati tertinggi dalam hampir satu dekade. Angka-angka ini mengkonfirmasi tren-tren dari beberapa tahun terakhir yang menunjukkan isolasi yang semakin meningkat dari negara-negara yang mempertahankan hukuman mati.Tingginya angka eksekusi mati yang tercatat, sebagian besar disebabkan oleh adanya lonjakan eksekusi mati yang mengkhawatirkan untuk kasus-kasus yang terkait dengan narkotika di Iran, yang didorong oleh pengabaian sepenuhnya oleh pihak berwenang terhadap pembatasan internasional tentang penggunaan hukuman mati. Tidak hanya kasus-kasus ini tidak dapat dihukum mati menurut hukum dan standar hak asasi manusia internasional, tetapi juga mereka secara tidak proporsional mempengaruhi komunitas-komunitas paling terpinggirkan di Iran, terutama pria dan wanita dari minoritas etnis Baluchi yang tertindas.Angka total jumlah hukuman mati yang diketahui tidak termasuk ribuan orang yang diyakini telah dieksekusi di Tiongkok, yang tetap menjadi pelaksana hukuman mati terbesar di dunia; serta Korea Utara dan Vietnam, negara-negara yang diyakini terus melaksanakan eksekusi secara luas, tetapi tidak ada data yang tersedia.Kerahasiaan dan pengendalian informasi tentang hukuman mati terus menjadi indikator keteguhan pemerintah di beberapa negara yang melaksanakan eksekusi mati, dalam upaya mereka menerapkan hukuman ini sebagai alat untuk menanamkan rasa takut dan menampilkan kekuatan institusi negara. Angka-angka hukuman mati tetap diklasifikasikan sebagai rahasia negara di Tiongkok dan Vietnam. Meskipun pelaporan tentang hukuman mati dan eksekusi sangat dibatasi di kedua negara ini serta Korea Utara, pihak berwenang sesekali membuka informasi pada beberapa kasus sebagai pengingat bahwa kejahatan, atau pelanggaran terhadap 1 Al Jazeera, “Paarlemen Malaysia Akan Menghapus Hukuman Mati Wajib”, 3 April 2023, aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/3/malaysiasparliament-votes-to-abolish-the-death-penalty6 HUKUMAN MATI DAN EKSEKUSI 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONALaturan yang berlaku, akan dihuk [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Rapport-Amnesty-Indonesien.pdf ) [176] => Array ( [objectID] => 24952 [title] => Swahili – Ripoti ya kimataifa ya amnesty international: hukumu za kifo na watu walioadhibiwa kifo 2023 [timestamp] => 1716940800 [date] => 29/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/swahili-ripoti-ya-kimataifa-ya-amnesty-international-hukumu-za-kifo-na-watu-walioadhibiwa-kifo-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ufuatiliaji wa Amnesty International wa matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo duniani ulibaini watu1,153 wanaofahamika kuwa walinyongwa mwaka 2023, ambalo ni ongezeko la asilimia31 kutoka 883 mwaka 2022. Hata hivyo nchi zinazowanyonga watu zilipungua kwakiwango kikubwa kutoka 20 mwaka 2022 hadi 16 mwaka 2023 [texte] => HUKUMU ZA KIFO NAWATU WALIOADHIBIWAKIFO2023RIPOTI YA KIMATAIFA YA AMNESTY INTERNATIONALAmnesty International ni shirika la watu milioni 10 ambalohuhamasisha ubinadamu wa kila mmoja wetu na kuendeshakampeni ya kuleta mabadiliko ili kwamba sisi sote tuwezekufurahia haki zetu za binadamu. Dira yetu ni kuwa na duniaambayo wenye madaraka wanatimiza ahadi zao, wanaheshimusheria za kimataifa na kuwajibishwa. Hatufungamani naserikali, itikadi ya kisiasa, maslahi ya kiuchumi, au dini yoyotena kwa sehemu kubwa tunafadhiliwa na wanachama wetu namichango ya watu binafsi. Tunaamini kwamba kwa kufanya kazikwa mshikamano na kuwapenda watu kila mahali tunawezakubadilisha jamii zetu kuwa bora zaidi.© Amnesty International 2024Isipokuwa kama imebainishwa vinginevyo, maudhui yaliyo kwenye taarifa hii yameidhinishwachini ya leseni ya Creative Commons (uhusishaji, isiyo ya kibiashara, hakuna vinyambuo, yakimataifa 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeKwa maelezo zaidi, tafadhali tembelea ukurasa wa idhini kwenye tovuti yetu:www.amnesty.orgPale ambapo maandishi yanahusishwa na mmiliki wa hakimiliki ambaye ni tofauti na AmnestyInternational, maandishi hayo hayatakuwa chini ya leseni ya Creative Commons.Imechapishwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2024 na Amnesty International LtdJumba la Peter Benenson, Barabara ya 1 Easton, London WC1X 0DW, UingerezaFahirisi: ACT 50/7952/2024 KiswahiliLugha asilia: Kiingerezaamnesty.orgMATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO2023“Hatuwezi kupuuza kuwepo kwa haki ya kuishi kwa kilabinadamu. [...] Hukumu ya kifo haijaleta matokeo ambayoilinuiwa kuleta”Ramkarpal Singh, Naibu wa Waziri katika Idara inayohusika na Sheria na Mageuzi ya Kitaasisi kwenye Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu1MIENENDO YA KIMATAIFAUfuatilizi wa Amnesty International umeonyesha kwamba mnamo 2023 idadi ndogo zaidi ya nchi kwenye rekodi zinajulikana kwambaziliwanyonga watu wengi zaidi katika kipindi cha karibu mwongo mmoja. Takwimu hizi zinathibitisha mwenendo wa miaka ya hivikaribuni ambao unaashiria kuendelea kutengwa kwa nchi ambazo zinatoa hukumu ya kifo kwa makosa madogo madogo.Ongezeko la idadi iliyorekodiwa ya watu walionyongwa lilitokana na kuongezeka pakubwa kwa watu kunyongwa kutokana na makosayanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya nchini Iran, kuchochewa na mamlaka za nchi hiyo kupuuza kabisa vikwazo vya kimataifa kuhusumatumizi ya adhabu ya kifo. Kando na kwamba makosa haya huenda yasipewe adhabu ya kifo chini ya sheria ya kimataifa, pia adhabuhizi ziliathiri jamii za Iran ambazo zimetengwa sana, hasa wanaume na wanawake kutoka kwa jamii ya wachache ya Baluchi ambayoimekuwa ikinyanyaswa.Idadi hizi za jumla ambazo zinajulikana zinajumuisha maelfu ya watu wanaoaminika kunyongwa nchini Uchina, ambayo imekuwaikiongoza duniani kwa kuwanyonga watu; na Korea Kaskazini na Viet Nam, nchi ambazo zinaaminika kuendelea kuwanyonga watu kwawingi, ingawa hakuna data zilizopo kuonyesha hili.Usiri na kudhibitiwa kwa taarifa kuhusu adhabu za kifo ni ishara kwamba serikali za baadhi ya nchi zinazoendelea kuwanyonga watuzimejitolea kuendelea kutumia adhabu hii kama nyenzo ya kuwatia watu hofu na kuonyesha nguvu ya taasisi za dola. Takwimu zaadhabu ya kifo zilibakia kuwa siri za dola nchini Uchina na Viet Nam. Ingawa kuripoti kuhusu hukumu za kifo na watu walionyongwa nijambo lililodhibitiwa sana katika nchi hizi mbili na pia nchini Korea Kaskazini, mamlaka kwa njia banifu ziliondoa usiri kwa baadhi yakesi kama kikumbusho kwamba uhalifu, au ukiukaji wa kanuni zilizowekwa unaweza kuadhibiwa vikali. Nchini Myanmar, mamlaka zakijeshi ziliendelea kutoa hukumu ya kifo katika mahakama zinazodhibitiwa na jeshi, katika kesi zinazoendeshwa kwa usiri na ambazohaki haizingatiwi kamwe. Vivyo hivyo, mamlaka katika baadhi ya majimbo ya Marekani walikuja na miswada ya kudumisha usiri katikakupata vifaa au vitu vitakavyotumika kuwanyonga watu ili kujikinga wasichunguzwe - mfano ni kuhaririwa kwa sehemu kubwa za itifakimpya ya kuwanyonga watu kwa kutumia gesi ya nitrojeni jimboni Alabama.1 Al Jazeera, “Bunge la Malaysia linafanya uamuzi kukomesha adhabu ya kifo ”, 3 Aprili 2023, aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/3/malaysias-parliament-votes-to-abolish-the-death-penaltyMjadala wa kuunga mkono adhabu ya kifo ulinoga katika baadhi ya nchi kufuatia visa vya uhalifu wa hali ya juu au kabla ya uchaguzilicha ya kuwa hakuna ushahidi kwamba adhabu hii inaweza kuwazuia watu kutekeleza uhalifu. Kufuatia kesi kadhaa za hadhi ya juu,mnamo Septemba Bunge la Taifa la Korea Kusini lilipitisha mabadiliko ya sheria ili kuweka adhabu ya kifo kama adhabu ya juu zaidikwa makosa ya mauaji au kuwatupa watoto wachanga waliozaliwa. Nchi kama vile Taiwani na Marekani pia ziliomba watu waadhibiwekifo kama sehemu ya kampeni za uchaguzi wa urais.Pingamizi za miaka mingi kutoka kwa nchi kadhaa zikitaka adhabu ya kifo ikomeshwe zilionekana kuzaa matunda mnamo 2023. Katikamwezi wa Julai, kufutiliwa mbali kwa adhabu ya kifo kwa makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya nchini Pakistan na kukomeshwakwa adhabu ya kifo ya lazima nchini Malaysia kulianza kutumika; na Bunge la Ghana lilipiga kura kuunga mkono miswada miwiliambayo ingeondoa adhabu ya kifo kutoka kwa kanuni za sheria ya jinai na ya kijeshi.Mambo haya yalionyesha kwamba ajenda ya haki za binadamu inapowekwa katikati ya mipango ya serikali, inawezekana kufikiria upyakuhusu namna uhalifu unavyoshughulikiwa na kuanza kubadilisha jinsi tunavyotumia rasilmali kutoka kuadhibu na kuangazia kuzuiana kuwarekebisha wahalifu. Nchi nyingi sana duniani tayari zimefanya chaguo hili na kukomesha adhabu ya kifo katika sheria zake auutekelezaji. Kufikia mwisho wa mwaka 2023, miswada ya kuondoa sheria hii katili ilikuwa ikisubiri kupitishwa na mabunge ya Kenya,Liberia na Zimbabwe. Maendeleo haya yalitoa matumaini mapya kwamba siku moja, miaka inavyopita, ulimwengu mzima unawezakuondokana na adhabu ya kifo.IDADI YA WATU WALIONYONGWAAmnesty International ilirekodi watu 1,153 walionyongwa mnamo mwaka wa 2023, ambalo ni ongezeko la asilimia 31 (270) kutokawatu 883 ambao tunajua kuwa walinyongwa mwaka wa 2022. Ndiyo idadi kubwa zaidi kurekodiwa na Amnesty International tanguidadi ya mwaka wa 2015 ambayo ndiyo iliyokuwa kubwa zaidi; na ni mara ya kwanza tangu 2016 (1,032) ambapo idadi ya jumlainayojulikana ilikuwa zaidi ya 1,000 (angalia mchoro 1).Idadi hii ya jumla inayojulikana haijumuishi maelfu ya watu ambao wanaaminika kwamba walinyongwa nchini Uchina, ambayo mwakawa 2023 ilibakia kuongoza duniani kwa kuwanyonga watu.2 Aidha, Amnesty International haingeweza kubainisha idadi ya chini ya watuwalionyongwa katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Watu wa Korea (Korea Kaskazini) na Viet Nam, nchi ambazo zinaaminika kuwazinaendelea kuwaadhibu watu kifo kwa wingi. Kutokana na hili, idadi ya jumla iliyowekwa kwenye ripoti hii ni ya chini na ambayoinaelezea kwa njia isiyo kamilifu kuhusu nchi zilizogeukia kuwanyonga watu mwaka huo.IDADI ILIYOREKODIWA YA WATU WALIONYONGWA DUNIANI 2023Afghanistan (+), Bangladesh (5), Uchina (+), Misri (8), Iran (853+), Iraq (16+), Kuwait (5), Korea Kaskazini(+), Palestina (Nchi ya) (+), Saudi Arabia (172), Singapore (5), Somalia (38+), Syria (+), Marekani(24), VietNam (+), Yemen (15+).Ongezeko kubwa la idadi ya jumla ya watu walionyongwa lilitokana hasa na ongezeko la watu walionyongwa nchini Iran (asilimia 48,yaani kutoka watu 576 mnamo 2022; na pia ongezeko la zaidi ya mara mbili, kutoka 314 mnamo 2021). Hili lilishuhudiwa hasa katikavisa vilivyohusu kuwanyonga watu waliohusishwa na dawa za kulevya ambao waliongezeka kutoka 255 mnamo 2022 hadi 481 mwakawa 2023.Asilimia 74 ya idadi iliyorekodiwa ya watu ambao walinyongwa ilikuwa ya watu kutoka Iran pekee; na asilimia 15 walitoka Saudi Arabia.Nchi hizi mbili zilitoa asilimia 89 ya jumla ya watu wanaojulikana kunyongwa.Ongezeko la watu walinyongwa pia lilirekodiwa hasa nchini Somalia (kutoka 6+ mnamo 2022 hadi 38+ mnamo 2023, ambalo niongezeko la mara sita); Marekani (kutoka 18 mnamo 2022 hadi 24 mnamo 2023, ambalo ni ongezeko la asilimia 33); na Yemen(kutoka 4+ hadi 15+, karibu mara nne ya mwaka uliotangulia).Inajulikana kwamba wanawake walinyongwa nchini Uchina (+), Iran (24), Saudi Arabia (6), Singapore (1).Rekodi zinaonyesha kwamba watu walinyongwa katika nchi 16 ambayo ndiyo idadi ya chini zaidi kuwahi kurekodiwa ya nchizinazowanyonga watu tangu Amnesty International ilipoanza kufuatilia. Hakuna watu waliorekodiwa kuwa walinyongwa nchini Belarus,Japan, Myanmar na Sudan Kusini, nchi ambazo zilizowanyonga watu mnamo 2022 (nchi 20 kwa ujumla).NCHI ZINAZOJULIKANA NA MASHIRIKA YA KIMATAIFA KUWA ZILIWANYONGA WATU MWAKA 2023• Muungano wa Madola ya Amerika: Nchi 1 kati ya 35 ziliwanyonga watu - Marekani• Shirika la Usalama na Ushirikiano Ulaya Nchi 1 kati ya 57 ziliwanyonga watu - Marekani• Umoja wa Afrika: Nchi 2 kati ya 55 ziliwanyonga watu - Misri, na Somalia• Juimuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu: Nchi 8 kati ya 22 ziliwanyonga watu - Misri, Iraq, Kuwait, Palestina (Nchi ya), Saudi Arabia, Syria,Somalia na Yemen• Umoja wa Nchi za Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki: Nchi 2 kati ya 10 ziliwanyonga watu - Singapore na Viet Nam• Jumuiya ya Madola: Nchi 2 kati ya 56 ziliwanyonga watu - Bangladesh na Singapore• Jumuiya ya Nchi Zinazozungumza Lugha ya Kifaransa: Nchi 2 kati ya 54 ziliwanyonga watu - Misri, na Viet Nam• Umoja wa Mataifa: Nchi 15 ya nchi wanachama wa Umoja wa Mataifa (asilimia 8) kati ya 193 zinajulikana kuwa ziliwanyonga watu– Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Uchina, Misri, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Korea Kaskazini, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Syria, Marekani, Viet Namna Yemen.32 IMnamo mwaka wa 2009, Amnesty International iliacha kuchapisha takwimu za watu waliokadiriwa kupewa adhabu ya kifo Uchina. Badala yake shirika hilo limetiachangamoto mamlaka za nchi hiyo kuthibitisha madai yao kwamba wanafanikisha lengo lao la kupunguza matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo kwa kuchapisha takwimu hizowenyewe. Taarifa kamili au zisizo kamilifu zilipatikana kwa nchi zingine kadhaa (angalia kiambatisho cha Amnesty International kuhusu matumizi ya adhabu ya k [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/ACT5079522024SWAHILI.pdf ) [177] => Array ( [objectID] => 24938 [title] => Amnesty International – Global Report : death sentences and executions 2023 [timestamp] => 1716940800 [date] => 29/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/amnesty-international-global-report-death-sentences-and-executions-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International’s monitoring of the global use of the death penalty recorded 1,153 known executions in 2023, an increase by 31% from 883 in 2022. However, there was a significant decrease in executing countries, from 20 in 2022 to 16 in 2023. [texte] => DEATH SENTENCESAND EXECUTIONS2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL REPORTIndex: ACT 50/7952/2024Original language: English© Amnesty International 2024Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensedunder a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives,international 4.0) licence.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeFor more information please visit the permissions page on our website:www.amnesty.orgWhere material is attributed to a copyright owner other than AmnestyInternational this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence.First published in 2024 by Amnesty International LtdPeter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UKamnesty.orgAmnesty International is a movement of 10 million peoplewhich mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaignsfor change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our visionis of a world where those in power keep their promises,respect international law and are held to account. We areindependent of any government, political ideology, economicinterest or religion and are funded mainly by our membershipand individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarityand compassion with people everywhere can change oursocieties for the better.3DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023Amnesty InternationalCONTENTSEXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2023 4NOTE ON AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY 6THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2023 7GLOBAL TRENDS 7EXECUTIONS 9METHODS OF EXECUTION IN 2023 10DEATH SENTENCES 11COMMUTATIONS, PARDONS AND EXONERATIONS 12THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2023: IN VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 13REGIONAL OVERVIEWS 15AMERICAS 15ASIA-PACIFIC 21EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 28MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 29SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 35ANNEX I: RECORDED EXECUTIONS AND DEATH SENTENCES IN 2023 39RECORDED EXECUTIONS IN 2023 39RECORDED DEATH SENTENCES IN 2023 40ANNEX II: ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2023 41ANNEX III: RATIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2023 43ANNEX IV: VOTING RESULTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL RESOLUTION 54/35,ADOPTED ON 13 OCTOBER 2023 45DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONALDEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL2001751501251007550250EXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2023 This map indicates the general locationsof boundaries and jurisdictions andshould not be interpreted as AmnestyInternational’s view on disputed territories.+ indicates that the figure that AmnestyInternational has calculated is a minimum.Where + is not preceded by a number,this means that Amnesty Internationalis confident that there was more than oneexecution, but it was unable to establisha credible minimum figure.4. SOMALIARecorded executionsincreased by over sixtimes from 6 in 2022to 38 in 2023.9. BANGLADESHRecorded deathsentences rose by 47%compared to 2022.11. SYRIAThe use of the deathpenalty continued butcredible minimumfigures remainunavailable.7. YEMENKnown executionsalmost quadrupledfrom 4 in 2022 to15 in 2023.1. CHINAContinued to executeand sentence to deaththousands of peoplebut kept figures secret.2. IRANRecorded executionsincreased by 48% comparedto 2022, largely due to spikesin executions for drug-relatedoffences.3. SAUDI ARABIARecorded executionsdecreased marginally(12%) in comparisonwith 2022.8. EGYPTRecorded executions fell by 67%compared to 2022 but a staggering 590death sentences were imposed.6. IRAQThe mass execution of 13 peoplewas carried out in the NasiriyahCentral Prison without prior notice.5. USAExecutions increased by 33%compared to 2022, but thisnumber remained amonghistorically low figures.10. NORTH KOREAThe death penalty is likelyto be used at a sustainedrate, but state secrecymakes it difficult toindependently verify.12. VIET NAMDeath sentences wereimposed extensively fordrug-related offences.Of the executing countries in 2023, the12 countries numbered on the map havepersistently executed people in the pastfive years (2019-2023).CHINAIRANSAUDI ARABIASOMALIAUSAIRAQYEMENEGYPTBANGLADESHKUWAITSINGAPOREAFGHANISTANNORTH KOREASTATE OFPALESTINESYRIAVIET NAM1,000s172853+38+2416+ 15+8 5 5 5 + + + ++6DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023Amnesty InternationalNOTE ON AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURESON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYThis report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2023.As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures;judgments; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives;media reports; and, as specified, other civil society organizations. Amnesty International reportsonly on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, suchas commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countriesgovernments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. In China and VietNam, data on the use of the death penalty is classified as a state secret. During 2023, little orno information was available on some countries – in particular Belarus and North Korea – due torestrictive state practice.Therefore, for a significant number of countries, Amnesty International’s figures on the use of thedeath penalty are the minimum recorded. The true overall figures are likely to be higher.In 2009 Amnesty International stopped publishing its estimated figures on the use of thedeath penalty in China, a decision that reflected concerns about how the Chinese authoritiesmisrepresented Amnesty International’s numbers. Amnesty International always made clear thatthe figures it was able to publish on China were significantly lower than the reality, because of therestrictions on access to information. China has yet to publish any figures on the death penalty;however, available information indicates that each year thousands of people are executed andsentenced to death. Amnesty International renews its call on the Chinese authorities to publishinformation on the use of the death penalty in China.Where Amnesty International receives and is able to verify new information after publication of thisreport, it updates its figures online at amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penaltyIn tables and lists, where “+” appears after a figure next to the name of a country – for example,Malaysia (38+) – it means that Amnesty International confirmed 38 executions, death sentencesor persons under sentence of death in Malaysia but believes that there were more than 38. Where“+” appears after a country name without a figure – for instance, Oman (+) – it means that AmnestyInternational has corroborated executions, death sentences or persons under sentence of death(more than one) in that country but had insufficient information to provide a credible minimum figure.When calculating global and regional totals, “+” has been counted as two, including for China.Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of thenature or circumstances of the crime; guilt, innocence or other characteristics of the individual; or themethod used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization campaigns for total abolition ofthe death penalty.7DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023Amnesty InternationalTHE USE OF THE DEATHPENALTY IN 2023“We cannot arbitrarily ignore the existence of the inherentright to life of every individual. [...] The death penalty hasnot brought the results it was intended to bring”Ramkarpal Singh, Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Law and Institutional Reforms1GLOBAL TRENDSAmnesty International’s monitoring shows that in 2023 the lowest number of countries on recordcarried out the highest number of known executions in close to a decade. These figures confirm trendsof recent years that pointed to the ever-increasing isolation of retentionist countries.The surge in recorded executions was largely attributable to an alarming spike in executions for drug-related offences in Iran, driven by the complete disregard on the part of the authorities for internationalrestrictions on the use of the death penalty. Not only may these offences not be punished by death underinternational human rights law and standards, but also they disproportionately impacted Iran’s mostmarginalised communities, especially men and women from the oppressed Baluchi ethnic minority.The known totals did not include the thousands of people believed to have been executed in China,which remained the world’s lead executioner; and North Korea and Viet Nam, countries believed tocontinue to carry out executions extensively, but with no available data.Secrecy and control of information on the death penalty continued to be an indicator of thedetermination of governments of some executing countries to use this punishment as a tool to instil fearand display the power of state institutions. Death penalty figures remained classified as state secrets inChina and Viet Nam. Even though reporting on death sentences and executions was tightly restricted inthese two countries as well as North Korea, the authorities sparingly lifted the veil of secrecy on certaincases as a reminder that crime, or departures from established rules, would be harshly punished. InMyanmar, the military authorities continued to impose death sentences in military-controlled courts, insecretive and grossly unfair proceedings. Similarly, authorities of some US states pursued bills to keepsecret the sourcing of equipment or substances used in executions and prevent scrutiny – exemplarywas the redaction by the authorities of Alabama of significant parts of the abhorrent new protocol forexecutions by nitrogen asphyxiation.1 Al Jazeera, “Malaysian Parliament moves to end mandatory death penalty”, 3 April 2023, aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/3/malaysias-parliament-votes-to-abolish-the-death-penalty8DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2023Amnesty InternationalPro-death penalty rhetoric took centre stage i [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/7952/2024/en/ ) [178] => Array ( [objectID] => 24117 [title] => Broken Promises: How a History of Racial Violence and Bias Shaped Ohio’s Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1715644800 [date] => 14/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/broken-promises-how-a-history-of-racial-violence-and-bias-shaped-ohios-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In January 2024, Ohio lawmakers announced plans to expand the use of the death penalty to permit executions with nitrogen gas, as Alabama had just done a week earlier. But at the same time the Attorney General and the Ohio Prosecuting Attorneys Association are championing this legislation, a bipartisan group of state legislators has introduced a bill to abolish the death penalty based on “significant concerns on who is sentenced to death and how that sentence is carried out.” The competing narratives make it more important than ever for Ohioans to have a meaningful, accurate understanding of how capital punishment is being used, including whether the state has progressed beyond the mistakes of its past. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:Death Penalty Information Center About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet Donate Email Twitter Facebook Instagram LinkedInHome Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal Info Facebook Share Tweet Tweet Email EmailBroken Promises: How a History of Racial Violence and Bias Shaped Ohio’s Death PenaltyPosted on May 14, 2024Read the Full Report Press Release Executive Summary 5 Facts To Know About Ohio's Death Penalty Illustrative Stories Executive SummaryCover page of DPIC's Ohio Report, Broken Promises. It has a red background overlayed with quotes that are featured in the report.In January 2024, Ohio lawmakers announced plans to expand the use of the death penalty to permit executions with nitrogen gas, as Alabama had just done a week earlier. But at the same time the Attorney General and the Ohio Prosecuting Attorneys Association are championing this legislation, a bipartisan group of state legislators has introduced a bill to abolish the death penalty based on “significant concerns on who is sentenced to death and how that sentence is carried out.” The competing narratives make it more important than ever for Ohioans to have a meaningful, accurate understanding of how capital punishment is being used, including whether the state has progressed beyond the mistakes of its past. Ohio’s Black Laws Demonstrate That from the Beginning, Racial Discrimination Was Baked into the State’s Very Foundations. Early 19th century Ohio Black Laws imposed various legal restrictions on the rights and status of Black people in the state, not dissimilar to what would later become Black Codes in many Southern states. As constitutional historian Dr. Stephen Middleton explains, “Although the penal code of Ohio did not explicitly provide for a dual system for handling criminal cases, the Black Laws naturally made race an element in the criminal justice system.” Ohio’s 1807 “Negro Evidence Law” prohibited Black people from testifying against white people in court, thus instituting a legal double standard. Articles in African American newspapers from the time reported numerous instances where white assailants attacked Black victims with impunity because there was no legal consequence without a white person who could testify on the victims’ behalf. The state also passed racial restrictions on juries in 1816 and 1831, officially barring Black people from jury service. These laws no longer exist, but modern studies reveal that jury discrimination continues. The Overrepresentation of White Victim Cases and Overt Displays of Racism in Capital Trials Demonstrate That Race Continues to Play a Prejudicial Role in Death Sentencing. One of the most significant ties between historical death sentencing and the modern use of capital punishment is the preferential valuing of white victims. Multiple Ohio-specific studies have concluded that when a case involves a white victim—especially a white female victim—defendants are more likely to receive a death sentence or be executed. A review of all aggravated murder charges in Hamilton County from January 1992 through August 2017 revealed that prosecutors are 4.54 times more likely to file charges with death penalty eligibility if there is at least one white victim, compared to similarly situated cases without white victims. A separate study of Ohio executions between 1976 and 2014 found that homicides involving white female victims are six times more likely to result in an execution than homicides involving Black male victims. DPIC independently analyzed race of victim data for all 465 death sentences in the state and found that 75% of death sentences were for cases with at least one white victim. For context, most murder victims in the state are Black (66%). Black capital defendants have also faced instances of overt racism from jurors, prosecutors, and even their own attorneys. During closing arguments, the prosecuting attorney in Dwight Denson’s trial suggested that if jurors did not sentence him to death, they might as well rename Cincinnati’s Over-the-Rhine neighborhood to “Jungle Land,” adding, “Leave it to Dwight Denson. Leave it to people like him.” An attorney for Malik Allah-U-Akbar (tried as Odraye Jones) reiterated false, racialized testimony from an expert witness during closing arguments: “I think it’s a quarter of the…urban [B]lack American youth come up with antisocial personality disorder…. This isn’t a situation you can treat. … You have to put him out of society until it runs its course.” As the current debate over the use of the death penalty in Ohio continues, this report provides historical information, context, and data to inform the critical decisions that will follow.5 Facts To Know About Ohio's Death PenaltyNewspaper clippings describing the scene of "Click" Mitchell's lynching in 1897. The headline reads, "Now quiet reigns: Cool counsel prevails, and Mitchell's body was not burned." Historically, Ohioans saw lynchings and capital punishment as interchangeable practices. Many Black men were victims of lynch mobs in the 19th century after being accused of raping a white woman—regardless of whether there was any evidence to support the claims. In multiple instances, members of these mobs stated that they would not have lynched the victims if Ohio’s death penalty laws allowed for them to be legally “punished with death.” Petitions to add the rape of a white woman as a death-eligible offense ultimately failed, though Black men continued to receive lethal punishment from lynch mobs. Even when photos were taken in broad daylight, lynch mob participants rarely faced any legal consequences for their roles in these extrajudicial murders. 2. Homicides involving white female victims are six times more likely to result in an execution than those involving Black male victims even though 44% of murder victims are Black men.One of the most persistent forms of racial bias present in capital cases is the race-of-victim effect, shown when cases with at least one white victim disproportionately result in a death sentence. This race-of-victim effect demonstrates one of the strongest ties between the historical application of the death penalty and its use in modern day. Modern statistics reveal the same bias in favor of white victims, and, again, white women in particular, continues today. An analysis of Ohio executions between 1976 and 2014 found that the race and gender of the victim play a substantial role in the state’s use of the death penalty. Homicides involving white female victims are six times more likely to result in an execution than homicides involving Black victims. A separate study of all aggravated murder charges in Hamilton County (Cincinnati)—an outlier in its high use of the death penalty—revealed that prosecutors are 4.54 times more likely to seek the death penalty if there is at least one white victim, compared to similarly situated cases without white victims. Graphic that reads "In Ohio, 44% of murder victims are Black males, but just 13% of death sentences involved at least one Black male victim."3. Jurors, expert witnesses, and attorneys who made overtly racist statements participated in sentencing Black Ohioans to death. While many Black capital defendants face structural and covert forms of racism, even some overt displays of racial bias have gone unchallenged and unaddressed in capital trials. A defense expert in Malik Allah-U-Akbar’s (tried as Odraye Jones) trial diagnosed Mr. Akbar with antisocial personality disorder, and falsely testified that this disorder affects “one to three percent of the general population” but was present in “15 to 25 percent, maybe even 30 percent [of] urban African American males.” Dr. Eisenberg further stated that “the best treatment for the antisocial, if the violations are severe, is to throw them away, lock them up.” In Kevin Keith’s capital trial, the prosecution relied on a forensic analyst who was known to “stretch the truth to satisfy a department” and had referred to her Black coworker as “a n****r in a woodpile” and a “n****r b*tch.” Four seated jurors in Terry Lee Froman’s capital trial indicated that they “agree” or “strongly agree” with the statement “[s]ome races and/or ethnic groups tend to be more violent than others.” The Ohio Supreme Court admitted that at least one of the jurors’ “questionnaire responses indicated that she had racially biased views,” but held that the prosecutor had properly rehabilitated her. 4. Black youth are overrepresented on Ohio’s death row.Black youth are overrepresented among those sentenced to death in Ohio. 66% of all Ohio death-sentenced prisoners aged 16 to 20 at the time of their crime were Black. (For context, the national figure is 49%.) Nearly a quarter of all Black people who have received death sentences in the state were 20 years old or younger at the time of their crimes. Extending the analysis to late adolescents, aged 25 and younger, reveals that 53% of all Black people sentenced to death in Ohio were 25 or younger at the time of their crimes. Research has shown that Black youth are often perceived as chronologically older and more culpable than white youth of the same age. These biases mean Black children are judged more harshly than their white peers with respect to questions about guilt and punishment. Young defendants are also particularly vulnerable because of the unequal power dynamics between them and the adults with whom they interact in the legal system. Seven of Ohio’s 11 exonerees were age 25 or younger at the time of the crimes for which they were wrongfully convicted. 5. None of the reforms recommended by a bipartisan task force ten years ago to reduce racial disparities in capital cases have been adoptedIn 2011, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio and the President of the Ohio State Bar Association convened a joint task for [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Innocence [2] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-special-reports/broken-promises-ohio-racial-justice-report ) [179] => Array ( [objectID] => 24095 [title] => Death Row in the USA: Death Penalty Cases and Statistics by State [timestamp] => 1715558400 [date] => 13/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-in-the-usa-death-penalty-cases-and-statistics-by-state/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => LDF issues a quarterly report entitled Death Row USA that contains death penalty information, death row populations by state, and other capital punishment statistics in the United States. [texte] => DEATH ROW U.S.A.Fall 2023A quarterly report byLegal Defense FundRobert DunhamConsultant to Legal Defense FundDeath Row U.S.A. Page 1Death Row U.S.A.Fall 2023(As of October 1, 2023)TOTAL NUMBER OF DEATH ROW INMATES KNOWN TO LDF:2262(2262 – 125* - 804M = 1333 enforceable sentences)Race of Defendant:White 956 (42.26%)Black 924 (40.85%)Latino/Latina 315 (13.93%)Native American 23 (1.02%)Asian 44 (1.95%)Unknown at this issue 0 (0.00%)Gender:Male 2,213 (97.83%)Female 49 (2.17%)* Designates the number of people in non-moratorium states who are not under active death sentence because ofcourt reversal but whose sentence may be reimposed.M Designates the number of people in jurisdictions where a moratorium on execution has been imposed. TwoCalifornia death-row prisoners who are also on death row in non-moratorium states are not counted in this figure.JURISDICTIONS WITH CURRENT DEATH PENALTY STATUTES: 29Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CaliforniaM, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky,Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma,OregonM [see note below], PennsylvaniaM, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas,Utah, Wyoming [see note below], U.S. GovernmentM, U.S. Military.M States where a moratorium prohibiting execution has been imposed by the Governor; U.S. by Attorney General[NOTE: Oregon and Wyoming have death penalty statutes but no person sentenced to death.]JURISDICTIONS WITHOUT DEATH PENALTY STATUTES: 24Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine,Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire [see note below], New Jersey,New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, WestVirginia, Wisconsin.[NOTE: New Hampshire repealed the death penalty prospectively. The man already sentenced remains undersentence of death.]Death Row U.S.A. Page 2Execution UpdateAs of October 1, 2023Total number of executions since the 1976 reinstatement of capital punishment:1576Race of defendants executedtotal number 1576White 880 (55.84%)Black 539 (34.20%)Latino/a 131 (8.31%)Native American 18 (1.14%)Asian 8 (0.51%)Gender of defendants executedFemale 18 (1.14%)Male 1558 (98.86%)Race of victimstotal number 2308White 1737 (75.26%)Black 363 (15.73%)Latin 159 (6.89%)Native American 8 (0.35%)Asian 41 (1.78%)Gender of victimsFemale 1147 (49.70%)Male 1161 (50.30%)Defendant-victim racial combinationsWhite Victim Black Victim Latino/a Victim Asian Victim Native AmericanVictimWhite Defendant 815 51.68% 21 1.33% 18 1.14% 6 0.38% 1 .06%Black Defendant 304 19.28% 185 11.73% 20 1.27% 16 1.01% 0 0%Latino/a Defendant 57 3.61% 3 0.19% 63 3.99% 2 0.13% 0 0%Asian Defendant 3 0.19% 0 0% 0 0% 5 0.32% 0 0%Native Amer. Def. 15 .95% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 3 0.19%TOTAL: 1194 75.71% 209 13.25% 101 6.40% 29 1.84% 4 0.25%Note: In addition, there were 40 defendants executed for the murders of multiple victims of different races.Of those, 21 defendants were white, 13 black and 6 Latino. (2.54%)Death Row U.S.A. Page 3Execution Breakdown by StateState # % ofTotalRacial Combinations (see codesbelow)1. TX 583 36.99 233 W/W (40%); 110 B/W (19%); 69 B/B (12%); 57 L/L(10%); 46 L/W (8%); 18 B/L (3%); 13 W/L, 10 B/A (2%each); 6 W/mix (1%); 4 W/B (.7%); 3 L/mix, 3 B/mix (.5%each); 2 L/B, 2 L/A, 2 A/A, 2 N/W, 2 W/A (.3% each); 1 A/W(.2%)28* 13# 6^2. OK 122 7.74 65 W/W (53%); 19 B/W (16%); 15 B/B (12%); 6 N/W (5%); 3W/A (2%); 2 W/B, 2 B/A, 2 A/A, 2 W/mix (2% each); 1 N/N,1W/N, 1 W/L, 1 B/L, 1 L/L, 1 L/W (.8% each)3. VA 113 7.17 48 W/W (43%); 36 B/W (32%); 13 B/B (12%); 4 W/B, 4W/mix (4% EACH); 3 L/W (3%); 1 B/L, 1 B/A, 1 W/A, 1A/W, 1 B/mix (.9% each)10* 3# 1^4. FL 104 6.60 62 W/W (60%); 19 B/W (18%); 8 B/B (8%); 4 L/W (4%); 3W/mix (3%); 2 L/L, 2 B/mix (2% each); 1 N/W, 1 L/B, 1 W/L,1 L/mix (1% each)11* 2^5. MO 97 6.15 58 W/W (60%); 18 B/W, 18 B/B (19 each%); 1 N/W, 1 W/B,1 B/mix (1% each)5* 1# 1^6. GA 76 4.82 48 W/W (63%); 18 B/W (24%); 10 B/B (13%) 1* 2# 1^7. AL 71 4.51 38 W/W (54%); 19 B/W (27%); 12 B/B (17%); 1 W/B, 1B/mix (1% each)7* 1^8. OH 56 3.55 34 W/W (61%); 8 B/W, 8 B/B (14% each); 2 W/mix, 2 B/mix(4% each); 1 B/A, 1 W/B (2% each)6*9. NC 43 2.73 28 W/W (65%); 7 B/B (16%); 6 B/W (14%); 1 W/B, 1 N/N(2% each)4* 1^10. SC 43 2.73 20 W/W (47%); 11 B/W (26%); 5 W/B (12%); 4 B/B (9%); 2W/mix (5%); 1 B/A (2%)10* 1#11. AZ 40 2.54 28 W/W (70%); 3 L/L; 3 N/W (8% each); 2 B/W (5%); 1 L/W,1 W/L, 1 W/mix, 1 L/mix (3% each)5*12. AR 31 1.97 20 W/W (65%); 7 B/W (23%); 3 B/B (10%); 1 L/W (3%) 4* 1^13. LA 28 1.78 15 W/W (54%); 8 B/W (29%); 5 B/B (18%) 1* 1#14. MS 23 1.46 16 W/W (70%); 3 B/W (13%); 2 B/B (9%); 1 B/A, 1 W/B (4%each)2*15. IN 20 1.27 16 W/W (80%); 2 B/W (10%); 1 B/B, 1 W/L (5% each) 4*16. DE 16 1.02 8 W/W (50%); 5 B/B (31%); 2 B/W (13%); 1 N/W (6%) 5*17. US 16 1.02 6 W/W (38%); 5 B/W (31%); 2 B/B (13%); 1 N/N, 1 W/mix, 1L/mix (6% each) 1*1^Death Row U.S.A. Page 4State # % ofTotalRacial Combinations (see codesbelow)18. CA 13 .82 7 W/W (54%); 2 N/W (15%); 1 B/W, 1 W/L, 1 A/A, 1 B/mix(8% each)2*18. TN 13 .82 12 W/W (92%); 1 B/B (8%) 1*20. IL 12 .76 7 W/W (58%); 2 B/W, 2 B/mix (17% each); 1 B/B (8%) 2*21. NV 12 .76 9 W/W (75%); 1 B/W, 1 L/W, 1 A/W (8% each) 11*22. UT 7 .44 5 W/W (71%); 2 B/W (29%) 4*23. MD 5 .32 3 B/W (60%); 2 W/W (40%) 1*24. SD 5 .32 5 W/W (100%) 4*25. WA 5 .32 5 W/W (100%) 3*26. NE 4 .25 2 W/W (50%); 2 B/W (50%) 1*27. ID 3 .19 3 W/W (100%) 1*28. KY 3 .19 3 W/W (100%) 2*29. MT 3 .19 3 W/W (100%) 1*30. PA 3 .19 2 W/W (67%); 1 W/B (33%) 3*31. OR 2 .13 2 W/W (100%) 2*32. CO 1 .06 1 W/W (100%)33. CT 1 .06 1 W/W (100%) 1*34. NM 1 .06 1 W/W (100%) 1*35. WY 1 .06 1 W/W (100%)* Defendants who gave up their appeals (151; 9.6% of total) [see note to 1049 below]# Juveniles (under age 18 at the time of the offense) (23; 1.5% of total) [see note to 740, below]^ Female (18; 1.1% of total)ROSTER OF THE EXECUTEDDATE OFEXECUTIONNAME OF DEFENDANT/NUMBER IF MULTIPLE VICTIMSSTATE RACE DEF /VICTIMVICTIMGENDER01-17-77 1. Gary Gilmore [*] UT W/W M05-25-79 2. John Spenkelink FL W/W M10-22-79 3. Jesse Bishop [*] NV W/W M03-09-81 4. Steven Judy [*] / 3 IN W/3W 3F08-10-82 5. Frank Coppola [*] VA W/W F12-07-82 6. Charlie Brooks TX B/W M04-22-83 7. John Evans AL W/W M09-02-83 8. Jimmy Lee Gray MS W/W FDeath Row U.S.A. Page 5DATE OFEXECUTIONNAME OF DEFENDANT/NUMBER IF MULTIPLE VICTIMSSTATE RACE DEF /VICTIMVICTIMGENDER11-30-83 9. Robert Sullivan FL W/W M12-14-83 10. Robert W. Williams LA B/B M12-15-83 11. John Eldon Smith / 2 GA W/2W MF01-26-84 12. Anthony Antone FL W/W M02-29-84 13. John Taylor LA B/W M03-14-84 14. James Autry TX W/W F03-16-84 15. James Hutchins / 2 NC W/2W 2M03-31-84 16. Ronald O'Bryan TX W/W M04-05-84 17. Arthur Goode FL W/W M04-05-84 18. Elmo Sonnier / 2 LA W/2W MF05-10-84 19. James Adams FL B/W M06-20-84 20. Carl Shriner FL W/W M07-12-84 21. Ivon Stanley GA B/W M07-13-84 22. David Washington / 3 FL B/WBW 2M1F09-07-84 23. Ernest Dobbert FL W/W F09-10-84 24. Timothy Baldwin LA W/W F09-20-84 25. James Dupree Henry FL B/B M10-12-84 26. Linwood Briley VA B/W M10-30-84 27. Thomas Barefoot TX W/W M10-30-84 28. Ernest Knighton LA B/W M11-02-84 29. Velma Barfield [^] NC W/W M11-08-84 30. Timothy Palmes FL W/W M12-12-84 31. Alpha Otis Stephens GA B/W M12-28-84 32. Robert Lee Willie LA W/W F01-04-85 33. David Martin / 4 LA W/4W 2M2F01-09-85 34. Roosevelt Green GA B/W F01-11-85 35. Joseph Carl Shaw / 2 SC W/2W MF01-16-85 36. Doyle Skillern TX W/W M01-30-85 37. James Raulerson FL W/W M02-20-85 38. Van R. Solomon GA B/W M03-06-85 39. Johnny Paul Witt FL W/W M03-13-85 40. Stephen P. Morin [*] TX W/W F03-20-85 41. John Young / 3 GA B/3W 1M2F04-18-85 42. James Briley / 2 VA B/2B MF05-15-85 43. Jesse de la Rosa TX L/A M05-29-85 44. Marvin Francois / 6 FL B/6B 6M06-25-85 45. Charles Milton TX B/B F06-25-85 46. Morris Mason VA B/W F07-09-85 47. Henry M. Porter TX L/W M09-11-85 48. Charles Rumbaugh [*] [#] TX W/W M10-16-85 49. William Vandiver [*] IN W/W M12-06-85 50. Carroll Cole [*] NV W/W F01-10-86 51. James Terry Roach [#] SC W/(see # 35) (see # 35)03-12-86 52. Charles William Bass TX W/W M03-21-86 53. Arthur Lee Jones AL B/W M04-15-86 54. Daniel Thomas FL B/W M04-16-86 55. Jeffrey A. Barney [*] TX W/W F04-22-86 56. David Funchess / 2 FL B/2W MF05-15-86 57. Jay Pinkerton [#] / 2 TX W/2W 2F05-20-86 58. Ronald Straight FL W/(see # 30) (see # 30)06-09-86 59. Rudy Esquivel TX L/W MDeath Row U.S.A. Page 6DATE OFEXECUTIONNAME OF DEFENDANT/NUMBER IF MULTIPLE VICTIMSSTATE RACE DEF /VICTIMVICTIMGENDER06-19-86 60. Kenneth Brock TX W/W M06-24-86 61. Jerome Bowden GA B/W F07-31-86 62. Michael Smith VA B/W F08-20-86 63. Randy Woolls TX W/W F08-22-86 64. Larry Smith TX B/W M08-26-86 65. Chester Wicker TX W/W F09-19-86 66. John Rook NC W/W F12-04-86 67. Michael Wayne Evans TX B/L F12-18-86 68. Richard Andrade TX L/L F01-30-87 69. Ramon Hernandez [*] TX L/L M03-04-87 70. Elisio Moreno [*] TX L/W M05-15-87 71. Joseph Mulligan GA B/B M05-20-87 72. Edward Earl Johnson MS B/W M05-22-87 73. Richard Tucker GA B/W F05-28-87 74. Anthony Williams TX B/W F05-29-87 75. William Boyd Tucker GA W/W F06-07-87 76. Benjamin Berry LA W/W M06-09-87 77. Alvin Moore LA B/W F06-12-87 78. Jimmy Glass / 2 LA W/2W MF06-16-87 79. Jimmy Wingo / 2 LA W/(see # 78) (see # 78)06-24-87 80. Elliott Johnson TX B/W M07-06-87 81. Richard Whitley VA W/W F07-08-87 82. John R. Thompson TX W/W F07-08-87 83. Connie Ray Evans MS B/A M07-20-87 84. Willie Celestine LA B/W F07-24-87 85. Willie Watson LA B/W F07-30-87 86. John Brogdon LA W/W F08-24-87 87. Sterling Rault LA W/W F08-28-87 88. Beauford White FL B/(see # 44) (see # 44)08-28-87 89. Wayne Ritter AL W/(see # 7) (see # 7)08-28-87 90. Dale Pierre Selby / 3 UT B/3W 1M2F09-01-87 91. Billy Mitchell GA B/W M09-10-87 92. Joseph Starvaggi TX W/W M09-21-87 93. Timothy McCorquodale GA W/W F01-07-88 94. Robert Streetman TX W/W F03-15-88 95. Wayne Felde LA W/W M03-15-88 96. Willie Darden FL B/W M04-13-88 97. Leslie Lowenfield / 5 LA B/5B 2M3F04-14-88 98. E [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.naacpldf.org/our-thinking/death-row-usa/ ) [180] => Array ( [objectID] => 24037 [title] => Special issue: a decade-long review of the death penalty for drug offences [timestamp] => 1715040000 [date] => 07/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-decade-long-review-of-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report builds on the pioneering work HRI has been doing since its first ‘The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview (‘Global Overview’) in 2007. It analyses how the landscape of the death penalty for drug offences has shifted in the last decade, looking at the main trends regarding people on death row, death sentences and executions for drug offences, as well as key developments at national and international level in the period between 2014 and 2023. [texte] => This report builds on the pioneering work HRI has been doing since its first ‘The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview (‘Global Overview’) in 2007. It analyses how the landscape of the death penalty for drug offences has shifted in the last decade, looking at the main trends regarding people on death row, death sentences and executions for drug offences, as well as key developments at national and international level in the period between 2014 and 2023.A decade in a Snapshot At least 3113 people were executed for drug offences. Eight countries were recorded to have carried out executions for drug offences. On average, almost one out of three executions that took place in the last decade were for drug offences. The highest recorded proportion of drug-related executions (against all executions) was in 2015 with 44.6%; meaning almost one in every two executions were for drug offences. The year also recorded the highest number of drug-related executions: 763 people. At least 2142 people were sentenced to death for drug offences. This figure is based on data from 25 countries where sentences were imposed for drug offences throughout the decade. Although 2020 recorded the lowest number of drug-related executions, the number of death sentences handed down that year was 38% higher than 2019. Of the 34 countries and territories that retained the death penalty at the end of 2023, at least 12 countries retain it as a mandatory punishment for at least some drug offences. Recommendations for abolition, moratorium, and/or review of the practices of the death penalty given by abolitionist States to retentionist States during the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) processes increased from at least 382 on the second cycle (2012 – 2016) to 581 on the third cycle (2017- 2022). These include 4 and 13 specific recommendations on the death penalty for drug offences in each of the cycles, respectively. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has failed to take public stances on the death penalty for drug offences over the past few years. This marks a retrogression of their position on this issue. Their silence could be interpreted as an approval of this blatant violation of international standards.Key recommendations Pending abolition, retentionist countries should impose a moratorium on executions. Retentionist countries should respect applicable international human rights obligations, including on fair trial, the right to apply for pardon or commutation of their death sentence, prohibition of torture and ill-treatment, among others. Retentionist countries should systematically and publicly provide complete, accurate, and disaggregated data by sex, age, disability, nationality and race, and other applicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, including the number of persons sentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the location of their detention, the number of executions carried out, and the number of death sentences reversed or commuted on appeal or in which amnesty or pardon has been granted, as well as information on any scheduled execution. All countries that pursue punitive drug policies should work on policy reforms that are aligned with human rights standards and are evidence-based. Abolitionist countries should cease any efforts to reintroduce the death penalty. Abolitionist countries should actively condemn the use of the death penalty while sharing best practices and supporting efforts to restrict and abolish the death penalty for drug offences. Abolitionist countries, together with international agencies and bodies, including the UN, should stop funding punitive drug policy and prohibitionist regimes that retain the death penalty for drug offences. Instead, investment should be made in drug policy reforms that are evidence-based and health and human-rights-centred, including harm reduction. International organisations and bodies, including the UN, should take urgent and concrete steps to ensure that retentionist countries are held accountable for the human rights violations committed when applying the death penalty for drug offences, including by withdrawing funding for international cooperation when it is used to fund efforts that contribute to the application of the death penalty. UN bodies, including the UNODC, should pay more targeted attention to the application of the death penalty for drug offences globally, monitoring the human rights violations that occurred during its application, and condemning, both publicly and through appropriate diplomatic channels, all executions handed down in the name of drug control. International donors should increase and sustain funding for the death penalty abolition movement, making sure that experts, advocates, international, regional organisations, and civil society receive core, flexible and long-term funding for all work related to the abolition of the death penalty for drug offences.A DECADE-LONG REVIEWON THE DEATH PENALTYFOR DRUG OFFENCESSPECIAL ISSUEHarm Reduction International (HRI) envisions aworld in which drug policies uphold dignity, health,and rights. We use data and advocacy to promoteharm reduction and drug policy reform. We showhow rights-based, evidence-informed responsesto drugs contribute to healthier, safer societies,and why investing in harm reduction makes sense.HRI is an NGO with Special Consultative Statuswith the Economic and Social Council of the UnitedNations.Harm Reduction International opposes the deathpenalty in all cases without exception.Special IssueA Decade-Long Review on the DeathPenalty for Drug OffencesAjeng Larasati and Marcela Jofré© Harm Reduction International, 2024ISBN: 978-1-915255-02-0Designed by ESCOLAPublished by Harm ReductionInternationalE-mail: office@hri.globalWebsite: www.hri.global4This report would not be possible without the data made available or sharedby leading human rights organisations and individual experts and advocates.We would like to thank those who have contributed to Harm ReductionInternational’s The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Review throughoutthe decade.Thanks are also owed to colleagues at Harm Reduction Internationalfor their feedback and support in preparing this report: Cinzia Brentari, NaomiBurke-Shyne, Catherine Cook, Paulina Cortez, Colleen Daniels, Ugochi Egwu,Giada Girelli, Gaj Gurung, Lucy O’Hare, Maddie O’Hare, Suchitra Rajagopalan,and Anne Taiwo. And to Harm Reduction International’s dedicated interns,Quinissa Putrirezhy and Jess Truong.Any errors are the sole responsibility of Harm Reduction International.The research is supported by the European Union.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS5TABLE OF CONTENTSMethodology 6A Decade in a Snapshot 8Introduction 9Global Figures 11International Policy Development 16National Figures 23National Policy Development 2931Issues Spotlight 353739Looking ahead: A Continued Fight to Abolish the Death Penalty 43for Drug OffencesEfforts to limit the applicationof the death penalty for drugoffencesPersistent appetite to kill inthe name of the war on drugsUnfair trialsLack of transparencyDisproportionate impact onmarginalised populations6METHODOLOGYFor the purposes of this report and consistency with the methodology used byHRI for its flagship report The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview(‘Global Overview’), drug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences ordrug-related crimes) are drug-related activities categorised as crimes undernational laws, excluding activities which are not related to the trafficking,possession or use of controlled substances and related inchoate offences(inciting, assisting or abetting a crime) and excluding cases in which drugoffences are punishable with death only if they involve, or result in intentionalkilling.The primary source of this report is HRI’s report series - The DeathPenalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview between 2014 and 2023. For dataanalysis, the report uses the same criteria 1 of country categorisation as definedin The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2023:High Application States are thosein which executions of individualsconvicted of drug offences werecarried out, and/or at least tendrug-related death sentences peryear were imposed in the past fiveyears.Low Application States are thosewhere, although no executionsfor drug offences were carriedout in the past five years, deathsentences for drug offenceswere imposed on nine or fewerindividuals in the same period.Symbolic Application States arethose that have the death penaltyfor drug offences within theirlegislation but have not carriedout executions nor sentencedindividuals to death for drug crimesin the past five years.Insufficient Data category denotesinstances where there is simply notenough information to classify thecountry accurately.1. Definitions for country categorization changed between 2014 and 2023. Therefore, adjustments have been made toHRI’s database and analysis to fit the new categorization as of 2023.7Data collected has been updated and complemented by in-depth desk researchthat includes official government reports (where available) and State-run newsagencies; court judgments; non-governmental organisations (NGO) reportsand databases; United Nations (UN) documents; media reports; scholarlyarticles; and communications with local activists and human rights advocates,organisations, and groups. Therefore, the figures presented here could differfrom those presented in previous editions of the ‘Global Overview’, as theyhave been updated as more information has become available over the years.Despite every effort to minimise inaccuracies, lack of transparencyremains an issue that hinders monitoring of the death penalty for drug offences.Language barriers affecting access to information may also lead to a potentialfor error. HRI welcomes information or additional data not included in this report.Unless stated otherwise, [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://hri.global/publications/special-issue-a-decade-long-review-of-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences/ ) [181] => Array ( [objectID] => 24001 [title] => Calling on Singapore to respect international safeguards and halt executions [timestamp] => 1714694400 [date] => 03/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-on-singapore-to-respect-international-safeguards-and-halt-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/statement-singapore-2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => We are greatly concerned by the news that the Government of Singapore has issued at least five execution notices since 12 April 2024, all cases in relation to drug offending. Transformative Justice Collective, a member of the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network, reports that in four of these five cases, the execution was stayed at the […] [texte] => We are greatly concerned by the news that the Government of Singapore has issued at least five execution notices since 12 April 2024, all cases in relation to drug offending. Transformative Justice Collective, a member of the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network, reports that in four of these five cases, the execution was stayed at the last minute. This leaves one person on death row at imminent risk of execution. The mental anguish persons on death row and their families experience in circumstances where execution warrants are issued is unimaginable. (more…) "Calling on Singapore to respect international safeguards and halt executions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [182] => Array ( [objectID] => 23988 [title] => Escalating concerns over the lives of minors threatened with death in Saudi Arabia [timestamp] => 1714694400 [date] => 03/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/escalating-concerns-over-the-lives-of-minors-threatened-with-death-in-saudi-arabia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/article-statement-saudi-arabia-2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The undersigned organizations express their grave concern for the lives of minor defendants particularly the two young men, Yousif Al-Manasif and Ali Al-Mubaiouq, who are at imminent risk of execution in Saudi Arabia following confirmed information that the Specialized Criminal Court of Appeal (SCCA) has upheld their death sentences. [texte] => The undersigned organizations express their grave concern for the lives of minor defendants particularly the two young men, Yousif Al-Manasif and Ali Al-Mubaiouq, who are at imminent risk of execution in Saudi Arabia following confirmed information that the Specialized Criminal Court of Appeal (SCCA) has upheld their death sentences. (more…) "Escalating concerns over the lives of minors threatened with death in Saudi Arabia" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [183] => Array ( [objectID] => 23975 [title] => Call for joint action to stop drug-related executions in Iran [timestamp] => 1714694400 [date] => 03/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-joint-action-to-stop-drug-related-executions-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/statment-iran-april-2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => April 10, 2024 Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) and 83 Iranian and international organisations and groups have called for joint action to stop drug-related executions, urging UNODC to make “any cooperation with the Islamic Republic contingent on a complete halt on drug-related executions”. They have announced the start of a mass international campaign in this regard. [texte] => April 10, 2024Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) and 83 Iranian and international organisations and groups have called for joint action to stop drug-related executions, urging UNODC to make “any cooperation with the Islamic Republic contingent on a complete halt on drug-related executions”. They have announced the start of a mass international campaign in this regard. (more…) "Call for joint action to stop drug-related executions in Iran" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [184] => Array ( [objectID] => 23956 [title] => ACAT, GHANA [timestamp] => 1714694400 [date] => 03/05/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/acat-ghana/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/acat-ghana-logo.jpg [extrait] => To raise awareness about torture and the death penalty among churches and Christian organisations and civil society [texte] => To raise awareness about torture and the death penalty among churches and Christian organisations and civil society [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ghana ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [185] => Array ( [objectID] => 23953 [title] => Guess Who’s Coming to Jury Duty? How the Failure to Collect Juror Demographic Data Contributes to Whithewashing the Jury Box [timestamp] => 1714435200 [date] => 30/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guess-whos-coming-to-jury-duty-how-the-failure-to-collect-juror-demographic-data-contributes-to-whithewashing-the-jury-box/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on February 2024. Founded in 2001, the Berkeley Law Death Penalty Clinic seeks justice for individuals facing capital punishment by providing high-quality representation and offers students a rich opportunity for meaningful, hands-on experience in high stakes, complex litigation. The clinic also tackles problems endemic to the administration of the death penalty and the criminal legal system. The report continues the clinic’s racial justice research and advocacy by cataloging the states that gather prospective jurors’ self-identified race and ethnicity and those that do not. It examines what courts do with the information, including whether it is provided to the court and counsel for use during jury selection, and the consequences of these choices in furthering or obstructing jury representativeness and diversity. In particular, the report shows why the collection of prospective jurors’ self-identified race and ethnicity is vital to meeting state and federal fair cross-section guarantees and eliminating the discriminatory exercise of peremptory challenges. [texte] => Guess Who’s Comingto Jury Duty?HOW THE FAILURE TO COLLECT JUROR DEMOGRAPHIC DATACONTRIBUTES TO WHITEWASHING THE JURY BOXFEBRUARY 2024AUTHORSElisabeth Semel (Chancellor’s Clinical Professor of Law and co-director, Berkeley LawDeath Penalty Clinic), Willy Ramirez, Yara Slaton, Casey Jang (students, Death Penalty Clinic,Berkeley Law Class of ’23), and Lauren Havey (Berkeley Law Clinical Program Paralegal)researched and authored the report.Founded in 2001, the Berkeley Law Death Penalty Clinic seeks justice for individualsfacing capital punishment by providing high-quality representation and offers students a richopportunity for meaningful, hands-on experience in high stakes, complex litigation. The clinicalso tackles problems endemic to the administration of the death penalty and the criminal legalsystem. More information about the clinic is available at law.berkeley.edu/experiential/clinics/death-penalty-clinic/.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe are grateful to Paula Hanaford-Agor, director of the Center for Jury Studies, NationalCenter for State Courts, for her consultation throughout the project and to Professors KhiaraM. Bridges, Catherine Grosso, Sheri Lynn Johnson, and Ian Haney López for their insightfulcomments.We could not have completed the study without the assistance of counsel for judicialdistricts, statewide and local jury administrators, and court clerks who responded to our emailsand phone calls. When we hit a wall, attorneys, including Berkeley Law Death Penalty Clinicalumni, helped direct us to court administrators and clerks who kindly answered our questions.Sarah Weld and Laurie Frasier’s exacting editorial and design support made the reportmore readable and accessible.Our thanks (always) to Berkeley Law’s exceptional librarians whose research expertise gaveus ready access to source materials.We also extend our appreciation to Dean Erwin Chemerinsky for his ongoing support ofthe Berkeley Law Clinical Program and to donors who have invested generously in the DeathPenalty Clinic’s litigation on behalf of individuals facing capital punishment and in its researchand policy advocacy projects.In 2020, we published Whitewashing the Jury Box: How California Perpetuates theDiscriminatory Exclusion of Black and Latinx Jurors. It was our goal that the report “serve as acatalyst for reform that results in vigorous enforcement of the constitutional rights of thosewhose lives depend upon and a fair and equitable jury selection system and of those who areeligible to serve on juries.” We hope that Guess Who’s Coming to Jury Duty? helps expedite thesystemic changes necessary to guarantee these constitutional rights.Cover illustration by Ojima AbalakaDesign by Odd MoxieCONTENTSExecutive Summary viI. Introduction 2II. Reference Points, Premises, and Priorities 7A. The Criminal Legal System, Race, and the Jury 8B. Jury Representativeness and Diversity 8C. The Importance of Collecting Jurors’ Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity Information and Providing It to Trial Courts and Litigants 9III. Methodology 13IV. Findings & Conclusion 16Appendix A 25Appendix B 38Appendix C 44Appendix D found onlineEndnotes 48 Guess Who’s Coming to Jury Duty | vExecutive Summary viGuess Who’s Coming to Jury Duty? expands on the Berkeley Law Death Penalty Clinic’s 2020publication, Whitewashing the Jury Box: How California Perpetuates the Exclusion of Black andLatinx Jurors.1 The report presented the results of the first investigation into the exercise ofperemptory challenges in California criminal trials under the three-step framework establishedby the state supreme court in 1978 and the United States Supreme Court in 1986. See Peoplev. Wheeler, 22 Cal. 3d 258, 583 P.2d 748 (Cal. 1978); Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986).2 Thereport concluded, “[T]he California Supreme Court went from a judiciary that championedthe eradication of race-based strikes to a court that resists the United States Supreme Court’slimited efforts to enforce Batson [even as it remains] a woefully inadequate tool to end racialdiscrimination in jury selection.”3Whitewashing the Jury Box recommended the passage of legislation, California AssemblyBill 3070, to replace the Batson-Wheeler inquiry with a procedure modeled on WashingtonSupreme Court General Rule 37.4 The bill was signed into law in 2020, adding section 231.7 tothe California Code of Civil Procedure.5 The new statute was implemented on January 1, 2022.6California trial courts do not systematically collect demographic information fromprospective jurors.7 The status quo thus hamstrings researchers’ ability to determine, as anempirical matter, whether the state’s Batson-Wheeler reform is increasing representativenesson seated juries. This deficiency and our broader interest in ending the exclusion of persons ofcolor, particularly Black and Latinx Americans, from jury service prompted this study, whichaims to answer the following questions:1. Which federal district courts and state trial courts collect prospective jurors’ selfidentified race and ethnicity as a matter of statutory authority, judicial rule, or formalpolicy?2. If there is a statute, rule, or policy, at what stage of the jury selection proceedings and inwhat manner does the court collect the information?3. If there is a statute, rule, or policy, is prospective jurors’ race/ethnicity informationavailable to judges and counsel for the parties before jury selection commences?The premise of the study, which we discuss in the Introduction and Section II, is thatracial/ethnic representation and diversity matter to jury decision-making and hence justice —and that they cannot be achieved unless courts take a race-conscious approach to jury serviceand selection. If adopted, our recommendations alone will neither ensure that juries are drawnfrom a fair cross-section of the community nor eliminate implicit, explicit, and institutionalracial bias in the selection of the seated jury. They are, however, essential steps towards thesegoals and the larger racial justice project.8Among the states whose courts ask prospective jurors to identify their race and ethnicity,there is no consistency in the form of the questions. We used “race/ethnicity” as a stand-infor the variety of ways state and federal courts collect, analyze, and make available jurors’ selfidentified race and ethnicity. Guess Who’s Coming to Jury Duty | viiAcquiring the answers to our research questions proved more difficult than we anticipatedfor the following reasons:y By “collect,” we mean that the state has an optional or mandatory collection system.In the former, the prospective juror is given a choice whether to provide race/ethnicityinformation in response to a question. In a few states, the race/ethnicity question is onthe driver’s license or state identification application form, and the responsive data isincluded in the jury source lists.9 In most states, the question is in a form provided toprospective jurors at the time of summons or appearance for service.y In many states that collect race/ethnicity data from prospective jurors, the fact that theydo so is generally ascertainable from the state’s applicable jury statutes or court rules.However, there are states whose statutory schemes give no indication thatrace/ethnicity data are collected, but whose juror qualification questionnaires show thatthe information is in fact requested or required.Overall, the relevant statutes, rules,and policies, and the questionnaires themselves were more difficult to locate than theyshould have been.y Even in states that collect race/ethnicity data, it can be burdensome to determinewhether the collecting authority — such as the state administrative office of the courtsor the local court administration — provides the information to the trial judge andcounsel. State statutes and judicial rules do not uniformly address the issue, whichnecessitated extensive outreach to court administrators and trial attorneys.y Determining that a state does not collect race/ethnicity data was similarly challenging.We did not identify any state that has an explicit policy or rule prohibiting collectionor advising against it. We therefore looked beyond statutes and judicial rules to juryplans and management guidelines, if available, and, of course, to juror questionnaires.In states with a uniform statewide qualification questionnaire, we could determinethat the form does not request race/ethnicity and the relevant statutes and rules giveno indication the information is otherwise required. However, many states apparentlyleave the contents of juror qualification questionnaires to the discretion of eachjudicial district or to individual trial judges. As our objective was to determine federaland statewide practices, we did not attempt to ascertain the number of local judicialdistricts whose juror questionnaires inquire about race/ethnicity.With these limitations, we made the following findings:y The national trend over the past several decades has been toward the collection ofrace/ethnicity information from prospective jurors. However, the long-term pace hasbeen glacial. As of 2023, a few more states appeared to be moving in this direction.Washington enacted legislation that requires the administrative office of the courts to“provide all courts with a method to collect data on a juror’s race, ethnicity” and otherdemographic characteristics. California passed legislation to launch a two-year pilot viiiin at least six counties, which will include data collection as part of a program to growjury participation and diversity by increasing juror compensation. Two states, Michiganand North Carolina, are considering legislation that would require race/ethnicity datacollection.y Nineteen states, the District of Columbia, and the federal district courts collect raceand ethnicity data on a state- or — in the District of Columbia and the federal courts— on a district-wide basis, either from source lists or directly from prospective jurors.Nebraska’s statewid [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.law.berkeley.edu/experiential/clinics/death-penalty-clinic/projects-and-cases/failure-to-collect-juror-demographic-data-contributes-to-jury-whitewashing/ ) [186] => Array ( [objectID] => 23904 [title] => Arbitrary and Capricious: Examining Racial Disparities in Harris County’s Pursuit of Death Sentences [timestamp] => 1713916800 [date] => 24/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/arbitrary-and-capricious-examining-racial-disparities-in-harris-countys-pursuit-of-death-sentences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on February 2024. Texas has executed more people than any other state. However, out of the 254 counties in Texas, 136 have never sent an individual to death row. Harris County—Texas’s largest county and home to the city of Houston—stands out as the “death penalty capital of the world.” Harris County has executed more people than any state in the United States except Texas3 and is responsible for a quarter of the 1,124 people who have been sent to Texas’s death row since 1973. [texte] => Texas Defender Service Feb. 2024 Arbitrary and Capricious Examining Racial Disparities in Harris County’s Pursuit of Death SentencesiiIntroduction Texas has executed more people than any other state. However, out of the 254 counties in Texas, 136 have never sent an individual to death row.1 Harris County—Texas’s largest county and home to the city of Houston—stands out as the “death penalty capital of the world.”2 Harris County has executed more people than any state in the United States except Texas3 and is responsible for a quarter of the 1,124 people who have been sent to Texas’s death row since 1973.4 Despite this, polls have suggested that support for the death penalty among Houstonians is now at a record low—just 20%.5 Notwithstanding the steep decline in local support for the death penalty,6 Harris County, through its district attorney’s office, continues to seek and obtain new death sentences. Given the historical context of being a county within a former slave-owning state, race has long played a part in the administration of criminal law in Harris County. Race continues to play such a role even in modern times. A significant illustration of this unfolded in 2017 when the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its opinion in Buck v. Davis. The Supreme Court ruled that Duane Buck’s 1997 trial in Harris County was tainted and required reversal. This decision was influenced by expert testimony presented to the jury highlighting Mr. Buck’s race as directly relevant to whether he deserved a death sentence. A psychologist had testified that the fact that Mr. Buck was Black made him more likely to commit criminal acts of violence in the future.7 Texas had urged the Supreme Court to dismiss the racialized testimony as having played only a “limited role” in the trial. The Supreme Court rejected that invitation, concluding that “[s]ome toxins can be deadly in small doses.”8 Since the U.S. Supreme Court upheld Texas’s revised capital punishment statute in Texas in 1976, 72% of people who have received death sentences from Harris County are people of color.9 During this period, Harris County imposed the death penalty on 158 Black individuals, comprising 53% of all death sentences within the county. Out of the last 21 individuals for whom Harris County secured a capital murder conviction and death sentence, 20 have been people of color. Astonishingly, of the last 21 individuals sentenced to death in Harris County, 20 of them, or 95%, have been people of color.10 The overwhelming majority of these sentences came down during a 14-year span from November 2004 to August 2018, when Harris County sought a death sentence in 21 capital murder cases, resulting in 18 death sentences obtained exclusively against people of color. Since November 2004, 15 sentences have been against Black men. Three of those death sentences have since been permanently overturned, representing at least a 20% error rate in Harris County’s pursuit of death sentences against Black men since November 2004. Appellate briefs or post-conviction applications have been filed in 19 of the 21 death penalty cases. In filings from 17 of those cases, there are allegations that race influenced the trial or resulting death sentence in some way. The history of the 1death penalty in Texas tells us that these defendants’ claims of racial bias are not baseless arguments, but signs of real and widespread discrimination. These numbers call out for scrutiny of how Harris County administers capital punishment. The racially problematic use of the death penalty in Harris County continues to this day. During her term in office, Harris County District Attorney Kim Ogg has presided over the return of three new death sentences, two of which—or 67%—were against people of color. A fourth case from her tenure, which resulted in a death sentence for Ali Irsan in 2018, was handled by special prosecutors. Ogg’s office recused itself from Mr. Irsan’s prosecution. Additionally, District Attorney Ogg’s office has put to death two Black men. The men were prosecuted in the 1980s and 1990s when the Harris County District Attorney’s Office (“HCDAO”) was renowned for its racist practices. Both men had symptoms of intellectual disability, and one of the men, Arthur Brown Jr., had a compelling claim of actual innocence. District Attorney Ogg’s office failed to disclose exculpatory evidence in Mr. Brown’s case until the 11th hour, just weeks before his execution date, and then refused to stay Mr. Brown’s execution date to permit him to test DNA that could prove his innocence.11 Racism should play no part in how we administer justice in Harris County. Nowhere is this truer than when it comes to the death penalty. But as shown by our review of Harris County’s history and modern practices, racism continues to impact the criminal legal system in general—and the administration of the death penalty in particular—in Harris County. This is unacceptable. As the U.S. Supreme Court recognized in Buck, discrimination on the basis of race in our courts “injures not just the defendant, but the law as an institution, . . . the community at large, and the democratic ideal reflected in the processes of our courts.”12 Harris County is now the most ethnically diverse county in Texas.13 However, as a review of Harris County’s history reflects, the county has long been part of the problem. Going forward, it should be part of the solution. Harris County needs a justice system that protects the rights of all people, including residents of color. 2Discussion A History of Racism and Exclusion The Harris County District Attorney’s Office (“HCDAO”) does not exist in a vacuum. It is situated both in time, as an inheritor of past prosecutorial and judicial traditions, as well as in place, in a city of a former slave state that, after the Civil War, practiced de jure segregation. Consistent with this history, Houston’s communities of color have long been subjected to race-based exclusion, marginalization, and unfairness in all aspects of civic life. Between 1882 and 1928, Harris County was the site of four racial terror lynchings.14 In 1917, a military court sentenced 13 Black soldiers to death after an unfair military trial found them guilty of participation in a deadly race riot at Camp Logan.15 They were hanged just two weeks later without any chance to appeal. In 1977, Houston police officers brutally beat 23-year-old Mexican American Vietnam War veteran José Campos Torres. Instead of providing medical assistance, the officers threw him into the bayou, leading to his drowning. The officers faced state murder charges but were only given probation and a one-dollar fine.16 Significant Houston institutions have racist roots, reflecting the city’s historic outlook on equal participation in public life. Rice University, established in 1891, was chartered to cater to “the instruction of the white inhabitants,”17 and the University of Houston was initially “open only to whites.”18 These institutions were desegregated in the 1960s,19 but racial progress remained “hardwon” and “incomplete.”20 Houston’s public school system was also profoundly impacted by segregation. Even after the U.S. Supreme Court declared racial segregation to be unconstitutional, many public schools in Harris County remained segregated.21 Efforts to integrate in the 1970s and 1980s often involved categorizing Hispanic students as white and then pairing them with Black students in a single educational institution, labeling the outcome as an integrated school.22 As the Civil Rights Project at UCLA wrote, this resulted in “putting two disadvantaged groups into the same schools, thereby helping to shelter whites.”23 Today, Houston schools remain some of the most highly segregated in the country.24 The city also continues to have a high level of residential segregation.25 Unsurprisingly, racism has historically been deeply ingrained in Harris County’s political system. Harris County residents have a long history of electing political candidates affiliated with racial terror groups. During the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan successfully sponsored political candidates throughout Texas, including Harris County. In the 1922 Democratic primaries, Klan candidates carried all state-wide races in Texas; their largest margins of victory were in Houston and other East Texas cities.26 Historically, people of color were excluded from elected office in Harris County, especially its judiciary.27 Even as late as 1993, “the countywide election system consistently had resulted in an all-white bench, although 20% of the county’s electorate was African American and 22% Mexican American.”28 Harris County also has a history of pervasive racial discrimination in the judicial system. From its founding in 1870 until 1965, the Houston Bar Association required applicants to be “white.”29 Historically, Harris County court officials systematically excluded Black Americans from jury service. In 1900, a Harris County jury commissioner testified that African Americans were excluded from service on grand and petit juries because “negroes or persons of African descent had never been put on juries . . . in Harris County, within his recollection.”30 In 1940, the U.S. Supreme Court held the “conclusion was inescapable” that Harris County had applied Texas laws governing the selection of grand jurors “in such a manner as practically to proscribe any group thought by the law’s administrators to be undesirable.”31 Despite Black people comprising roughly 20% of the county’s population, only 5 out of 384 (1.3%) grand jurors between 1931 and 1938 were Black.32 Texas’s system for selecting grand 3jurors allowed for broad discretion, with an appointed “commissioner” responsible for choosing individuals to serve.33 While some com [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.texasdefender.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/TDS-Harris-County-Report-2024_WEB.pdf ) [187] => Array ( [objectID] => 23898 [title] => Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist [timestamp] => 1713916800 [date] => 24/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lethal-injection-in-the-modern-era-cruel-unusual-and-racist/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on April 2024. Researchers at Reprieve conducted an in-depth comparative study of botched lethal injection executions in the modern era of the U.S. death penalty, cross-referenced against the 1,407 lethal injection executions carried out or attempted during that period.This report examines the phenomenon of botched executions by lethal injection, exploring the trends and contributing factors leading to botched executions through an analysis of 73 botched executions in the 1,407 lethal injection executions since 1977 (known as the modern era of the death penalty in the U.S.). This analysis used a process called multi-variable logistic regression, a type of analysis that assesses the odds of something happening considering multiple variables, to assess how identifiable characteristics (gender, age, and race) were associated with botched executions. [texte] => Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist April 2024 1Findings at a glance Researchers at Reprieve conducted an in-depth comparative study of botched lethal injection executions in the modern era of the U.S. death penalty, cross-referenced against the 1,407 lethal injection executions carried out or attempted during that period. The research found that: • Black people had 220% higher odds of suffering a botched lethal injection execution than white people. • Botched lethal injection executions occurred whether a one-drug or a three-drug protocol was used, and regardless of whether the primary drug was sodium thiopental, pentobarbital or midazolam. • Botched lethal injection executions typically lasted a very long time. Over a third lasted over 45 minutes; over a quarter lasted an hour or more. • The odds of a botched lethal injection execution increased by 6% on average for each additional year of age. • In the state of Arkansas, 75% of botched lethal injection executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 33% of all executions. • In the state of Georgia, 86% of botched lethal injection executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 30% of all executions. • In the state of Oklahoma, 83% of botched lethal injection executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 30% of all executions. • Secrecy and haste were found to be factors contributing to increased rates of botched and prolonged executions. Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist 2 Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist 3 Contents Executive summary .............................................. 4 Methodology .................................................... 5 Key statistical findings at the national level ......................... 8 Racial disparities ..................................................... 8 Age .................................................................. 9 Prolonged executions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 IV access ............................................................ 11 Drug combinations .................................................. 11 Jurisdiction profiles ............................................. 11 Arkansas ............................................................ 12 Georgia ............................................................. 13 Oklahoma .......................................................... 14 Alabama ............................................................ 15 Ohio ................................................................ 15 Federal government ................................................. 16 Factors influencing botched executions ............................ 17 Secrecy in the execution process ..................................... 17 Secrecy around drug sourcing, quality and administration ............. 18 State concealment of problematic executions ......................... 21 Hasty executions .................................................... 23 Conclusion ..................................................... 24 Recommendations .............................................. 24 Acknowledgements ............................................. 25 References ..................................................... 26 Notes .......................................................... 34Executive summary lethal injection is the primary method of execution in the United States.1 When it was first adopted as a method of execution by Oklahoma in 1977, proponents argued it would be a quick and humane way to put people to death.2 It was claimed that the process would take around five minutes, with people painlessly falling asleep and dying less than two minutes after the final injection.3 These claims were not based on evidence or expertise.4 The reality is that lethal injection executions frequently result in prolonged painful deaths, which have become commonly known as “botched” executions. This report examines the phenomenon of botched executions by lethal injection, exploring the trends and contributing factors leading to botched executions through an analysis of 73 botched executions in the 1,407 lethal injection executions since 1977 (known as the modern era of the death penalty in the U.S.). This analysis used a process called multi-variable logistic regression,5 a type of analysis that assesses the odds of something happening considering multiple variables, to assess how identifiable characteristics (gender, age, and race) were associated with botched executions. One of the most significant findings to emerge from the regression analysis is that Black people had 220% higher odds of suffering a botched execution than white people, accounting for gender and age. Analysis of the lethal injection executions conducted in the modern era of capital punishment found that 8% of executions of Black people were botched (37 executions out of a total of 465 executions), compared to 4% of executions of white people in the same time period (28 out of a total of 780 executions). Black people had 220% higher odds of a botched execution than white people For decades, studies have documented that the death penalty disproportionately impacts Black people. Racial bias has a strong effect on who is capitally charged6, excluded from juries,7 sentenced to death,8 and ultimately executed.9 This new research shows that the racial disparities in capital punishment extend all the way to the execution chamber. In certain states, racial disparities in botched executions were particularly stark. For example: in the state of Arkansas, 75% of botched executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 33% of all executions; in the state of Georgia, 86% of botched executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 30% of all executions; and, in the state of Oklahoma, 83% of botched executions were of Black people, despite executions of Black people accounting for just 30% of all executions. While the statistical analysis demonstrates a significant racial disparity in the rate people suffer botched executions, it is beyond its scope to provide a conclusive explanation as to why this occurs. The research does indicate that there are no easy answers: across the botched executions studied, similar issues arose whether the execution was of a Black person or a white person; yet in the case of Black people, the rate that executions were botched was significantly higher. Further research into why the odds were so much higher for Black people is needed, and should be considered in the context of extensively documented racism in the U.S. capital punishment system. Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist 4 Executive summary Beyond the significant racial disparities identified by the research, this analysis also found that botched executions typically lasted an extremely long time: over one third (26) of botched lethal injection executions lasted more than 45 minutes, with over a quarter (19) lasting over one hour. The longest execution, of a Black man in Alabama in 2022, took over 3 hours. Age was also found to play a significant role in incidences of botched lethal injection executions, with regression analysis showing that the odds of a botched execution increased by 6% on average for each additional year of age, accounting for race and gender. Additional qualitative research suggests that factors relevant to botched executions included the deliberate secrecy surrounding the execution process, the use of unreliable and untested drugs, and hasty executions of multiple people. Methodology This report is based on an analysis of 73 botched executions, cross-referenced with data on all lethal injection executions performed or attempted between the reinstatement of capital punishment in 1976 and December 2023, when this research was conducted. Over this period there were 1,402 lethal injection executions in total and five lethal injection execution attempts that were halted while in progress (for a total of 1,407 executions).10 The 1,407 executions included 1,391 males (99%), 780 white individuals (56%) and 465 Black individuals (33%). The average age at execution was 43, with 97 individuals aged 60 or over (7%).11 1,407 executions performed or attempted by lethal injection between 1976 and December 2023 To identify botched executions, researchers drew on four separately compiled datasets of botched executions: • A list of high-profile botched executions since 1976 compiled by Professor Michael Radelet and the Death Penalty Information Center12 • A list of botched executions compiled by Professor Austin Sarat up to 201013 • A 2006 report published by Human Rights Watch14 • Reprieve’s internal list of botched executions and attempted executions, last updated in December 2023.15 Lethal injection in the modern era: cruel, unusual and racist 5Methodology The data from each list was consolidated into a single database, with information on state, gender, age, race, the type of drug(s) used16 and full length of execution (if known) added.17 The data was standardized to ensure the executions identified were consistently categorized. Researchers consulted with medical experts to create a list of indicators of botched executions (detailed below), then analyzed each execution classified as botched across this list, assessing whether one or more of the botched execution indicators were present. The indicators were: 1. Evidence of consciousness after lethal drug(s) were administered (e.g., speaking; sitting up and moving); 2. Medical complications (e.g. an allergic reaction to the drug(s)); 3. Problems with drug(s) (e.g., the drug(s) solidifying and clogging the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/04/2024_04_17_PUB-Botched-lethal-injection-report-FINAL.pdf ) [188] => Array ( [objectID] => 24086 [title] => Gender Matters: Women on Death Row in the United States [timestamp] => 1713916800 [date] => 24/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/gender-matters-women-on-death-row-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article presents a comprehensive study of 48 persons sentenced to death between 1990 and 2023 who presented as women at the time of their trials. This research is the first of its kind to conduct a holistic and intersectional analysis of the factors driving women’s death sentences. It reveals commonalities across women’s cases, delving into their experiences of motherhood, gender-based violence and prior involvement with the criminal legal system. This report also explore the nature of the women’s crimes of conviction, including the role of male co-defendants and the State’s use of aggravating factors. Finally, it reveals for the first time the extent to which capital prosecutions are dominated by men—including judges, elected District Attorneys, defense attorneys, and juror forepersons—and explain why gender matters in determining who lives and who dies [texte] => GENDER MATTERS: WOMEN ON DEATH ROW IN THE UNITED STATESSANDRA BABCOCK, NATHALIE GREENFIELD, AND KATHRYN ADAMSONABSTRACTThis article presents a comprehensive study of 48 persons sentenced to deathbetween 1990 and 2023 who presented as women at the time of their trials. Ourresearch is the first of its kind to conduct a holistic and intersectional analysis ofthe factors driving women’s death sentences. It reveals commonalities acrosswomen’s cases, delving into their experiences of motherhood, gender-basedviolence and prior involvement with the criminal legal system. We also explore thenature of the women’s crimes of conviction, including the role of male co-defendants and the State’s use of aggravating factors. Finally, we reveal for thefirst time the extent to which capital prosecutions are dominated by men—includingjudges, elected District Attorneys, defense attorneys, and juror forepersons—andexplain why gender matters in determining who lives and who dies.We present our data against the backdrop of prevalent theories that seek to explainboth the rarity of women’s executions and the reasons why certain women aresingled out for the harshest punishment provided by law. We explain why thoseframeworks are inadequate to understand the role that systemic gender bias playsin women’s capital prosecutions. We conclude by arguing for more nuancedresearch that embraces the complexities in women’s capital cases and accounts forthe presence of systemic and intersectional discrimination. Sandra Babcock is a Clinical Professor of Law at Cornell Law School. Nathalie Greenfield is anAdjunct Professor of Law at Cornell Law School and an Associate Attorney and MitigationSpecialist at Phillips Black, Inc. Kathryn Adamson is a consultant with the Center on Gender andExtreme Sentencing and the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide. The authors wish,first and foremost, to thank the women on death row who have shared their experiences with us.The authors are also very grateful to the numerous capital post-conviction lawyers who providedcritical information and documents that allowed us to carry out this research. Thank you to ourCornell faculty colleagues, especially John Blume and Sheri Johnson, who provided valuablefeedback. Thanks also to our excellent cohort of researchers and colleagues who helped us analyzeour data and think through methodological questions, including Maci East, JacquelineGroskaufmanis, Randi Kepecs, Paulina Lucio Maymon, Gabriela Markolovic, and Sofía LópezCartagena.Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4798360GENDER MATTERS: WOMEN ON DEATH ROW IN THE UNITED STATES2CONTENTSINTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................4I. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................6II. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .....................................................................................7III. PREVAILING THEORIES ABOUT WOMEN ON DEATH ROW ...................................9A. The Chivalry Theory ................................................................................... 9B. The Evil Woman Theory ............................................................................ 14IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN ON DEATH ROW ..............................................16A. Motherhood and Poverty .......................................................................... 17B. Gender-Based Violence ............................................................................. 18C. Poor Mental Health .................................................................................. 19D. Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity ................................................... 22E. Prior Criminal History ............................................................................. 22V. GENDER OF TRIAL ACTORS..............................................................................25A. Does Gender Matter? ............................................................................... 25B. Gender of Trial Actors in Women’s Capital Cases .................................... 30VI. CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN’S CRIMES OF CONVICTION ..............................32A. Crimes of Conviction ................................................................................ 32B. Victim Demographics ................................................................................ 38C. Aggravating Factors ................................................................................. 43D. Co-defendants ........................................................................................... 49VII. EMBRACING THE COMPLEXITY OF GENDER AND THE DEATH PENALTY............54Appendix A: Data on Women on Death Row .................................................... 58Appendix B: Data on Courtroom Actors ........................................................... 59Appendix C: Data on Characteristics of Women’s Crimes of Conviction ........ 60Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4798360GENDER MATTERS: WOMEN ON DEATH ROW IN THE UNITED STATES3Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4798360GENDER MATTERS: WOMEN ON DEATH ROW IN THE UNITED STATES4INTRODUCTIONWomen on death row are often a subject of fascination in the contemporaryUnited States. In spite—or perhaps because—of the small number of death-sentenced women nationwide, countless column inches and titillating televisionbroadcasts have fixated on their stories.1 Public commentators cast women who killas betrayers of the “fairer sex,” unfeminine “monsters,” and manipulative“murderesses” who defy gendered tropes of passivity and nurturing behavior.2 Thissensationalized coverage, however, has not advanced our understanding ofcondemned women’s backgrounds, crimes, and experiences in the legal system.Only a handful of scholars have studied women on death row, and few haveconducted empirical, intersectional research into the current death row population.3The limited previous scholarship on women’s capital cases has broadly sought toanswer two questions: first, why are so few women sentenced to death comparedto men? And second, what distinguishes the women who are sentenced to death—why these women?4 Legal scholars’ attempts to answer these questions have fallenshort, largely because they have relied on data that is anecdotal, inapposite, orincomplete.51 MARY WELEK ATWELL, WRETCHED SISTERS: EXAMINING GENDER AND CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 7(2nd ed. 2014).2 Scholars have documented how media coverage of women defendants focuses on genderedbehaviors that make them, in society’s eyes, morally “blameworthy” for the offense. See ElizabethK. Carll, News Portrayal of Violence and Women, 46 AM. BEHAV. SCIENTIST 1601 (2003); MARLINSHIPMAN, THE PENALTY IS DEATH: U.S. NEWSPAPER COVERAGE OF WOMEN’S EXECUTIONS 6–10(2002); Chimene I. Keitner, Victim or Vamp? Images of Violent Women in the Criminal JusticeSystem, 11 COLUM. J. GENDER & L. 69–70, 78 (2002).3 Several scholars have conducted case studies or surveys of women sentenced to death in the UnitedStates, many of which focus primarily on the cases of women post-execution. See, e.g., JessicaSutton, John Mills, Jennifer Merrigan & Kristin Swain, Death by Dehumanization: ProsecutorialNarratives of Death-Sentenced Women and LGBTQ Prisoners, 95 ST. JOHN’S L. REV. 1053 (2021)[hereinafter Sutton, et. al., Death by Dehumanization]; Victor Streib, Rare and Inconsistent: TheDeath Penalty for Women, 33 FORDHAM URB. L. J. 101 (2006) [hereinafter Streib, Rare andInconsistent]; Joey L. Mogul, The Dykier, the Butcher, the Better: The State’s Use of Homophobiaand Sexism to Execute Women in the United States, 8 CUNY L. REV. 473 (2005) [hereinafter Mogul,State’s Use of Homophobia]; Elizabeth Rapaport, Staying Alive: Executive Clemency, EqualProtection, and the Politics of Gender in Women’s Capital Cases, 4 BUFFALO CRIM. L. REV. 967(2001) [hereinafter, Rapaport, Staying Alive]; DAVID BAKER, WOMEN AND CAPITAL PUNISHMENT INTHE UNITED STATES: AN ANALYTICAL HISTORY (2015) [hereinafter BAKER, WOMEN AND CAPITALPUNISHMENT]; ATWELL, supra note 1; KATHLEEN A. O’SHEA, WOMEN AND THE DEATH PENALTY INTHE UNITED STATES, 1900–98 (1999).4 See, e.g., Victor Streib, Death Penalty for Female Offenders, 58 U. CIN. L. R. 845, 872 (1990).5 See Section III, infra, for a discussion of previous scholarship.Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4798360GENDER MATTERS: WOMEN ON DEATH ROW IN THE UNITED STATES5Our research charts a different course. We seek to understand how genderaffects women’s capital cases by examining the entire population of women ondeath row.6 Our data-driven approach eschews reductive theories about condemnedwomen and focuses instead on the facts of their pre-incarceration lives, thecircumstances that led to their arrest and conviction, and the characteristics of thosewho participated in their capital trials. By focusing on women—as opposed to, forexample, comparing a sample of women to death-sentenced men—we are able toexplore how women experience the criminal justice system as women, not merelyas comparators to the yardstick of men’s experiences.7This article continues a series of works exploring the gendered dynamics ofwomen’s capital cases from an intersectional perspective. Our first article on thistopic, published in 2023, examined women’s pre-incarceration histories of gender-based violence.8 Here, we shift our lens to women’s trials. We explore thecharacteristics of women on death row, the gender of legal actors involved in theircapital trials, and the crimes for which they were condemned to die. In so doing,we aim to expose common themes that unite them, as well as the complexities thatmake each woman unique.We begin the article by outlining our methodology and summarizing ourkey findings in Sections I and II, respectively. In Section III, we discuss and critiqueprevious schol [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4798360# ) [189] => Array ( [objectID] => 23894 [title] => TAIWAN: CONSTITUTIONAL COURT TO HEAR CHALLENGE TO DEATH PENALTY LAW [timestamp] => 1713830400 [date] => 23/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/taiwan-constitutional-court-to-hear-challenge-to-death-penalty-law/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => On 23 April 2024 the Constitutional Court of Taiwan will hear a challenge on the constitutionality of the death penalty in the country. Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty are among several non-governmental organizations intervening in the case, in support of the full abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => On 23 April 2024 the Constitutional Court of Taiwan will hear a challenge on the constitutionality of the death penalty in the country. Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty are among several non-governmental organizations intervening in the case, in support of the full abolition of the death penalty. (more…) "TAIWAN: CONSTITUTIONAL COURT TO HEAR CHALLENGE TO DEATH PENALTY LAW" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [190] => Array ( [objectID] => 23891 [title] => Taiwan: Amicus Curiae submission by Amnesty International and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty to the Constitutional Court [timestamp] => 1713830400 [date] => 23/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/taiwan-amicus-curiae-submission-by-amnesty-international-and-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty-to-the-constitutional-court/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on April 8, 2024. As the Constitutional Court of the Republic of China considers a challenge to the constitutionality of the death penalty, Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty submitted a joint amicus curiae intervention, to ensure the protection of the rights of all those under sentence of death. The amicus interveners argue that the use of the death penalty in the Republic of China constitutes a violation of human rights as guaranteed under the Constitution and international law and standards; and sets the country against the global trend, which remains overwhelmingly in favour of abolition. [texte] => AMICUS CURIAE SUBMISSION TAIWAN: AMICUS CURIAE SUBMISSION BY AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TAIWAN AND THE WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY BEFORE THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE CASE OF WANG XINFU, PETITION NO. 904052 OF 2022, AND 37 OTHERS 8 April 2024 ACT 50/7969/2024 1. INTRODUCTION 1. Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty hereby respectfully submit this joint amicus curiae intervention before the Constitutional Court of the Republic of China in the above case, with the purpose of ensuring the protection of the rights of all those under sentence of death in the Republic of China. 2. Under Article 20 of the Rules of Procedure of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of China, “any person, authority, or association, other than the parties, who considers herself or himself having an interest in a case pending before the Constitutional Court, may make a motion to the Court, subject to its permission by a ruling, for the submission of expert opinion or information to be considered within the period of time prescribed by the Constitutional Court.” 3. Amnesty International is an international non-governmental organization dedicated to protecting and promoting the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international treaties throughout the world. Amnesty International is represented in the Republic of China through its Taiwan section (registration details above). The organization is a movement of over 10 million members, activists and supporters in more than 150 countries worldwide. It is independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion. 4. Amnesty International is recognized as an accurate, unbiased and credible source of research and analysis of human rights conditions around the world, including on the death penalty. Amnesty International conducts research and leads efforts to advance international human rights at the international, regional and national levels. It has formal relations with several human rights actors internationally and regionally. For example, Amnesty International has consultative status with the United Nations (UN) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Amnesty International has observer status before the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and is registered with the Organization of American States as a civil society organization. 5. Amnesty International has extensive experience in submitting amicus curiae briefs and other third-party submissions to international, regional and national courts to assist them in resolving fundamental questions of international law including the International Criminal Court, the African Court of Justice and Human Rights, the European Court of Human Rights, the Economic Community of West African States Court of Justice and other domestic courts including in Canada, Mexico, Sierra Leone, South Africa, the United States of America, Thailand and the United Kingdom. Amicus Curiae submission 1 ACT 50/7969/2024 1 6. Amnesty International has intervened as Amicus Curiae in challenges to the constitutionality of the death penalty in various jurisdictions, including South Africa and the Republic of Korea.1 7. Amnesty International opposes the death penalty unconditionally, for all cases and under any circumstances, as a violation of the right to life and as the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. The organization began its global campaigning to promote the abolition of the death penalty in December 1977, following the adoption of its programmatic statement in the Stockholm Declaration.2 8. Amnesty International is widely considered as an authoritative source of information on the global use of the death penalty. Every year, Amnesty International publishes figures on the global use of this punishment. These figures are used extensively by the media, governments, judiciaries and the United Nations (UN) when discussing the issue of capital punishment. Since 2007, the organization has also coordinated campaigning efforts in favour of the adoption by the UN General Assembly of repeated resolutions on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, including the most recent resolution 77/222 of 15 December 2022. 9. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions working together to campaign for the abolition of the death penalty globally. It was established in Rome on 13 May 2002. Amnesty International is a founding member. 10. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty aims at strengthening the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition. The Secretariat of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty coordinates advocacy by its members in favour of the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. 11. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has intervened as Amicus Curiae before the Supreme Court of the United States of America.3 12. Kao Yang-hui, a Board member of Amnesty International Taiwan, is representing five claimants. No input or legal assistance was sought from him by Amnesty International and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in the preparation of this amicus curiae submission. 13. Amnesty International campaigns through its national office in the Republic of China, as well as internationally, on behalf of two claimants − Wang Xin-fu, the lead claimant, and Chiou Ho-shun. The campaign began before the current litigation process. 14. Cooperation between the applicants, other amicus interveners and Amnesty International and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in relation to the preparation of this amicus curiae intervention has been limited to coordinating the topic of the submission to prevent duplication with other briefings. 15. No monetary remuneration has been sought from, or provided to, the petitioner, or their agents in relation to this amicus curiae submission. 16. Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty have not received, nor are providing to others, monetary remuneration or funding in relation to the preparation of this amicus curiae submission. 17. Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty bear their own costs for this amicus curiae intervention and submission. 1Constitutional Court of South Africa, Minister of Home Affairs and Others v Emmanuel Tsebe and Others 2012 (5) SA 467 (CC); Constitutional Court in the Republic of Korea, case file number 2019Hun-Ba59 (decision pending). 2Amnesty International, “Declaration of Stockholm. Conference on the Abolition of the Death Penalty” (ACT 50/001/1977), 11 December 1977, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/001/1977/en/ 3Supreme Court of the United States of America, James Erin McKinney v. Arizona, Brief of the Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty as Amicus Curiae in Support of the Petitioner, No. 18-1109. ACT 50/7969/2024 2 Amicus Curiae submission 2. SUPPORT OF A PARTY’S POSITION 18. In its announcement on 25 January 2024, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of China announced that as part of this case it would consider a number of issues.4 Amnesty International Taiwan and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty submit this amicus curiae briefing to aid the Constitutional Court in deciding the first question, as follows: 18.1. Is the death penalty, as one of the statutory penalties, unconstitutional? 18.2. In addition to depriving the right to life, does the death penalty interfere with other constitutional rights, such as the right to freedom from torture, human dignity? 18.3. What are the purposes pursued by the death penalty system? Are they all constitutional? 18.4. Is the use of the death penalty as a means to achieve the above-mentioned purposes allowed by the Constitution of the country to deprive the people of their constitutional rights? If the death penalty is considered unconstitutional, what other criminal sanctions are sufficient to replace the death penalty? Or what supporting measures should be taken? 3. CLAIM 19. In response to the question raised by the Court, the amicus interveners submit that the use of the death penalty in the Republic of China constitutes a violation of human rights as guaranteed under the Constitution of the Republic of China (Articles 8 on personal freedom and procedural guarantees in case of arrest and conviction; and 15 on the right to existence), which are also guaranteed under international law. 20. The amicus interveners submit further that, while no executions have been recorded in the Republic of China since 2020, the retention of the death penalty in the Republic of China sets the country against the global trend, which remains overwhelmingly in favour of its abolition. 21. The amicus interveners further submit that international human rights law and standards set out aims and principles to be applied to alternative punishments, which are discussed in this briefing. 4. SUMMARY OF REASONS 22. The interveners submit that: 22.1 the death penalty violates the human rights to life and not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, as reflected in the development of international and national law; 22.2 state practice shows that the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/7969/2024/en/ ) [191] => Array ( [objectID] => 23883 [title] => Advanced search [timestamp] => 1713225600 [date] => 16/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/recherche-en/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [192] => Array ( [objectID] => 23855 [title] => Algolia Update [timestamp] => 1712793600 [date] => 11/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/algolia-update/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [193] => Array ( [objectID] => 23846 [title] => “Don’t let them kill us”: Iran’s relentless execution crisis since the 2022 uprising [timestamp] => 1712188800 [date] => 04/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dont-let-them-kill-us-irans-relentless-execution-crisis-since-the-2022-uprising/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2024.This research briefing documents the horrifying surge in executions in Iran in 2023, the highest in eight years. More than half of the executions were for drug-related offences amid a distressing return to a lethal antinarcotics policy since Ebrahim Raisi’s rise to presidency in 2021. With systemic impunity in Iran, the briefing reiterates the need for states to initiate criminal investigations under the principle of universal jurisdiction into crimes under international law committed by Iranian officials, irrespective of the absence or presence of the accused in their territory. Since the “Woman Life Freedom” uprising of September-December 2022, the Iranian authorities have weaponized the death penalty to create a pervasive climate of fear across the country, exert control over the population, and suppress dissent and any challenge to their iron grip on power. As a result, 2023 saw an exponential increase in the number of recorded executions. The authorities executed at least 853 people in 2023, a 48% increase from 2022 when 576 people were executed and a 172% increase from 2021 when 314 people were executed. Amnesty International believes that the real number of executions is higher, but the Iranian authorities are not transparent about the number of people executed each year and do not make data on executions publicly available. [texte] => “DON’T LET THEM KILL US” IRAN’S RELENTLESS EXECUTION CRISIS SINCE THE 2022 UPRISING RESEARCH BRIEFING “DON’T LET THEM KILL US” IRAN’S RELENTNESS EXECUTION CRISIS SINCE THE 2022 UPRISING Amnesty International 2 CONTENTS 1. __ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3 2. __ METHODOLOGY ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 3. __ DEATH PENALTY WEAPONIZED AS A TOOL OF REPRESSION __________________________________________________________ 6 3.1 EXECUTIONS FOR ACTS THAT SHOULD NEVER RESULT IN THE DEATH PENALTY ________________________________________________ 9 3.2 OPPRESSED ETHNIC MINORITIES DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED BY DEATH PENALTY _________________________________________ 12 3.3. SYSTEMIC FAIR TRIAL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS_______________________________________________________________________ 14 4. __ PROTEST-RELATED EXECUTIONS ___________________________________________________________________________ 17 4.1 EXECUTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE “WOMAN LIFE FREEDOM” UPRISING ________________________________________________ 18 4.2 INDIVIDUALS AT RISK OF PROTEST-RELATED EXECUTIONS _____________________________________________________________ 19 5. __ DRUG-RELATED EXECUTIONS _____________________________________________________________________________ 21 5.1 BALUCHI MINORITY DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED _______________________________________________________________ 22 5.2 REGRESSIVE OFFICIAL STATEMENTS AGAINST 2017 REFORMS __________________________________________________________ 24 5.3 LETHAL LEGAL INITIATIVES __________________________________________________________________________________ 25 6. __ EXECUTIONS OF THOSE ARRESTED AS CHILDREN ________________________________________________________________ 26 6.1 EXECUTION OF A 17-YEAR-OLD CHILD __________________________________________________________________________ 26 6.2 NEW DIRECTIVE, SAME OLD PROPAGANDA _______________________________________________________________________ 27 7. __ INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ______________________________________________________________________________ 30 7.1 DEATH PENALTY _________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 7.2 FAIR TRIAL RIGHTS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 31 8. __ CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ______________________________________________________________________ 32 8.1 RECOMMENDATIONS TO IRANIAN AUTHORITIES ____________________________________________________________________ 33 8.3 RECOMMENDATIONS TO ALL UN MEMBER AND OBSERVER STATES _______________________________________________________ 34 Cover picture portrays the faces of some of the men, women and child victims of executions in 2023 in Iran. © Private The title of this research briefing quotes Majid Kazemi, Saeed Yaghoubi and Saleh Mirhashemi, who wrote “Don’t let them kill us” on a note that was smuggled out of prison two days before they were arbitrarily executed on 19 May 2023 in relation to the 2022 “Woman Life Freedom” uprising. This research briefing documents the horrifying surge in executions in Iran in 2023, the highest in eight years. More than half of the executions were for drug-related offences amid a distressing return to a lethal antinarcotics policy since Ebrahim Raisi’s rise to presidency in 2021. With systemic impunity in Iran, the briefing reiterates the need for states to initiate criminal investigations under the principle of universal jurisdiction into crimes under international law committed by Iranian officials, irrespective of the absence or presence of the accused in their territory. 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since the “Woman Life Freedom” uprising of September-December 2022, the Iranian authorities have embarked on a brutal killing spree, using the death penalty as a tool of oppression to create a pervasive sense of fear across the country, exert control over the population, and tighten their grip on power at any cost. In 2023, executions soared, with at least 853 people executed across the country, marking a 48% increase from 2022 and a 172% increase from 2021. At least 545 people (64%) were executed for acts that should never result in the death penalty under international law, including for acts that are protected by the rights to privacy and freedom of expression, religion or belief; for overly broad and vaguely worded charges that do not meet the principle of legality; and for drug-related and other offences not involving “intentional killing”. The spike in executions is largely attributed to a distressing return to a lethal anti-narcotics policy since Ebrahim Raisi’s rise to presidency and Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei’s appointment as the Head of the Judiciary, both in 2021. Since then, the downward trend in drug-related executions from 2018 to 2020, during which the Iranian authorities executed between 20 and 30 people for such offences annually, was reversed. In 2023, the authorities carried out at least 481 drug-related executions, constituting 56% of the total number of executions. This marks an 89% increase from 2022 when 255 people were executed for drug-related offences and a 264% increase from 2021 when 132 people were executed for drug-related offences. The use of the death penalty continued to disproportionately impact Iran’s oppressed Baluchi ethnic minority, which constitutes only about 5% of Iran's population but accounted for 20% of all executions in 2023, with at least 172 Baluchi men and women executed. Of these 172 executions, 138 were for drug-related offences, accounting for 29% of all drug-related executions, further exposing the discriminatory effect of the authorities’ lethal anti-narcotics strategy on the most marginalized and impoverished communities. The authorities also used the death penalty to punish individuals who had challenged or were perceived as having challenged the Islamic Republic establishment and its politico-religious ideologies. In 2023, the authorities executed at least seven people in connection with nationwide protests – six in connection with the “Woman Life Freedom” protests of September-December 2022 and one in connection with the nationwide protests of November 2019. Additionally, the authorities executed at least two social media users for “apostasy” and “insulting the Prophet of Islam” (sabbo alnabi) and at least six individuals belonging to oppressed ethnic and/or religious minorities for their real or perceived affiliation with political groups deemed “hostile” by the authorities. In a shocking escalation in their use of the death penalty against child offenders, authorities executed a 17-year-old boy – Hamidreza Azari – and misrepresented his age as 18 in state media to evade accountability. Four other individuals who were under 18 at the time of the crime were also executed. At least 520 people (61%) were arbitrarily executed after conviction and sentencing by Revolutionary Courts, which lack independence and operate under the influence of security and intelligence bodies. Revolutionary Courts exercise jurisdiction over drug-related and national security offences. Proceedings by such courts are inherently unfair with defendants being systematically denied fair trial rights, including to adequate defence, to meaningfully challenge the legality of their detention, to presumption of innocence, not to self-incriminate and to meaningful review. Revolutionary Courts also repeatedly rely on torture-tainted “confessions” to convict and sentence people to death. The execution crisis in Iran both stems from and exacerbates a wider crisis of systemic impunity for the arbitrary deprivation of life. Security forces, prosecutors and judges collaborate in a relentless assault on the right to life. Amid domestic calls for the abolition of the death penalty, including from death row prisoners, the Iranian authorities have doubled down and persisted with their state-sanctioned killing spree which has turned prisons into killing fields, celebrating the swift application of the death penalty against “DON’T LET THEM KILL US” IRAN’S RELENTNESS EXECUTION CRISIS SINCE THE 2022 UPRISING 3 Amnesty International protesters and presenting their inhumane, lethal anti-narcotics strategy as “an effort to keep humanity alive” that is worthy of global praise. Without a robust global response, Amnesty International fears that the Iranian authorities will continue using the death penalty as a tool of oppression to execute thousands more people in the coming years. To record the number of executions carried out in 2023, Amnesty International worked closely with Abdorrahman Boroumand Centre, drawing from open sources, and reviewed the execution logs of Iran Human Rights and Kurdistan Human Rights Network. Amnesty International also reviewed legal documents, official letters and statements, and interviewed informed sources with direct knowledge about individuals executed in 2023 or at risk of execution. Amnesty International calls on the Iranian authorities to: • Quash all convictions and death sentences issued following unfair trials, and release all individuals whose detentions are rendered arbitrary on account of severe non-observance of fair trial rights, in particular those involving reliance on “confessions” extracted under torture and other illtreatment. If charged with internationally recognizable offences, individuals must be retried in proceedings that meet the most rigorous international fair trial standards, excluding “confessions” obtained under torture and other ill-treatment, and without recourse to the death penalty. Immediately and unconditionally release all those convicted and sentenced to death, indicted, or undergoing investigations solely for the exercise of their rights to freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly. • Immediately establish an official [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/mde13/7869/2024/en/ ) [194] => Array ( [objectID] => 23838 [title] => Progress and impediments on path to abolition in U.S. [timestamp] => 1712102400 [date] => 03/04/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/progress-and-impediments-on-path-to-abolition-in-u-s/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-500x251.png [extrait] => When President Biden won the 2020 election, he became the first successful U.S. presidential candidate to publicly oppose the death penalty. [texte] => When President Biden won the 2020 election, he became the first successful U.S. presidential candidate to publicly oppose the death penalty. (more…) "Progress and impediments on path to abolition in U.S. " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [195] => Array ( [objectID] => 23833 [title] => The Death Penalty For Drug Offences: Global Overview 2023 [timestamp] => 1711584000 [date] => 28/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2023.At the end of 2023, 34 countries retained the death for drug offences. In July 2023 Pakistan took the landmark decision to remove the death penalty from the list of punishments that can be imposed for certain violations of its Control of Narcotics Substances Act. This year also saw notable progress in Malaysia, which abolished the mandatory death penalty for all offences, including drug-related ones. This reform may impact the lives of over 700 people on death row for drug offences and bring the country one step closer to total abolition of capital punishment. In stark contrast to these positive developments is the record-high number of drug-related executions in 2023 at least 467. Of those executed, at least 59 people belonged to ethnic minority groups (in Iran and in Singapore), 13 individuals were foreign nationals, and six were women. These figures confirm that these groups are uniquely vulnerable to capital punishment as a tool of drug control. Despite not accounting for the dozens, if not hundreds, of executions believed to have taken place in China, Vietnam, and North Korea, the 467 executions that took place in 2023 represent a 44% increase from 2022. [texte] => THE DEATH PENALTY FOR DRUG OFFENCES: GLOBAL OVERVIEW 2023The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2023 Giada Girelli, Marcela Jofré, and Ajeng Larasati © Harm Reduction International, 2024 ISBN: 978-1-915255-02-0 Designed by ESCOLA Published by Harm Reduction International 61 Mansell Street, Aldgate London E1 8AN E-mail: office@hri.global Website: www.hri.global Harm Reduction International (HRI) envisions a world in which drug policies uphold dignity, health and rights. We use data and advocacy to promote harm reduction and drug policy reform. We show how rights-based, evidence-informed responses to drugs contribute to healthier, safer societies, and why investing in harm reduction makes sense. HRI is an NGO with Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.INTRODUCTION Harm Reduction International (HRI) has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences1 worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our 13th on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences,2 a practice which is a clear violation of international human rights and drug control standards. This year marks the beginning of a new approach to our flagship publication. Every edition of this report will provide key data and updated categories, as well as high-level developments at the national and international level. A deeper analysis of developments and trends will be published in the 2024 edition and on alternate years. The methodology used for both reports remains the same.3 HRI opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception. 1. 2. 3. 4 Drug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences or drug- related crimes) are drug-related activities categorised as crimes under national laws. For the purposes of this report, this definition excludes activities which are not related to the trafficking, possession or use of controlled substances and related inchoate offences (inciting, assisting or abetting a crime). HRI’s research also excludes countries where drug offences are punishable by death only if they involve, or result in, intentional killing. Unless specified, the source for all figures and information provided in this report is an internal HRI dataset on death sentences and executions for drug offences, available upon request from the authors. For a complete description of HRI’s methodology please see Harm Reduction International (2023), ‘The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2022’, pag. 6. Available at: https://hri.global/flagship-research/death-penalty/ the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2022/. CATEGORIES To demonstrate the differences between law and practice among states where the death penalty can be imposed for drug offences, HRI categorises countries into ‘high application’, ‘low application’, or ‘symbolic application’ states. High Application States are those in which executions for drug offences were carried out and/or at least ten drug-related death sentences were imposed per year in the past five years. Low Application States are those where executions for drug offences have not been carried out in the past five years but where death sentences for drug offences were imposed in the same period. Yet, the confirmed number of drug-related death sentences does not meet the threshold required for classification as ‘high application’. Bangladesh, Egypt, Iraq and Yemen are low application countries confirmed to have carried out executions in 2023, but not for drug offences. The section below, therefore, only provides f igures on death sentences and death row populations.4 4. Symbolic Application States are those that have the death penalty for drug offences within their legislation but have not carried out executions nor sentenced individuals to death for drug offences in the past five years. Oman and the USA are symbolic application countries confirmed to have carried out executions in 2023, but not for drug offences. A fourth category, insufficient data, denotes instances where there is simply not enough information to classify the country accurately. HRI acknowledges that there is no consensus regarding the definition of ‘death row’ and that different authorities and organisations may collect data differently. The information provided by HRI may include f igures collected by countries and organisations according to different criteria. 5COUNTRY BY COUNTRY 33 High Application 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 6 China Indonesia Iran Kuwait Malaysia North Korea (DPRK) Saudi Arabia Singapore Vietnam Low Application 10. Bahrain 11. Bangladesh 12. Egypt 13. Iraq 14. Lao PDR 15. 16. 17. Pakistan Sri Lanka State of Palestine (Gaza) 18. Thailand 19. United Arab Emirates 20. Yemen 1 17 35 13 24 34 22 25 12 31 7 4 3 10 15 28 20 30 Symbolic Application 21. Brunei Darussalam 22. Cuba 23. India 24. Jordan 25. Mauritania 26. Myanmar 27. Oman 28. Qatar 29. South Korea 30. South Sudan 31. Sudan 32. Taiwan 33. United States of America Insufficient Data 34. Libya 35. Syria 20 27 19 23 11 16 6 14 26 18 5 8 32 9 21 2 29 7THE DEATH PENALTY FOR DRUG OFFENCES: GLOBAL OVERVIEW 2023 • By the end of 2023, 34 countries retained the death penalty for a range of drug offences worldwide, one less than in 2022. • In July 2023, Pakistan abolished the death penalty for drug offences, the f irst country to do so in over a decade. • Drug-related executions were confirmed in five countries (China, Kuwait, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Singapore). Executions are assumed to have been carried out in North Korea and Vietnam but state secrecy and censorship in these countries prevent confirmation of a minimum figure. • At least 467 drug-related executions were carried out (excluding figures from China, Vietnam, and North Korea). This represents a 44% increase from 2022, and a staggering 1450% increase from 2020 (the year with the lowest number of executions since HRI s tarted monitoring this practice). • Drug offences were responsible for roughly 42% of all executions confirmed globally. This is the highest recorded figure since 2016. • A significant step backwards was witnessed in Kuwait, where one drug-related execution took place, the first since 2007. 1. 8 • 375 death sentences for drug offences were confirmed in 16 countries (see tables on High Application States and Low Application States below). This represents a 20% increase in reported sentences from 2022. • At least 3000 people are currently on death row for drug offences in 19 countries.1 • Confirmed figures may be a gross underestimate of the scope of the phenomenon due to a persistent lack of transparency and censorship on information pertaining to the use of the death penalty. Dozens, if not hundreds, more drug-related death sentences are likely to have been imposed and executed throughout the year. Bahrain, Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Pakistan, State of Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen. MINIMUM CONFIRMED EXECUTIONS FOR DRUG OFFENCES (2014—2023) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 527 762 369 289 98 116 30 131 324 467 9GLOBAL OVERVIEW At the end of 2023, 34 countries retained the death for drug offences. In July 2023 Pakistan took the landmark decision to remove the death penalty from the list of punishments that can be imposed for certain violations of its Control of Narcotics Substances Act. This year also saw notable progress in Malaysia, which abolished the mandatory6 death penalty for all offences, including drug-related ones. This reform may impact the lives of over 700 people on death row for drug offences and bring the country one step closer to total abolition of capital punishment. In stark contrast to these positive developments is the record-high number of drug-related executions in 2023 - at least 467. Of those executed, at least 59 people belonged to ethnic minority groups (in Iran and in Singapore), 13 individuals were foreign nationals, and six were women. These figures confirm that these groups are uniquely vulnerable to capital punishment as a tool of drug control. Despite not accounting for the dozens, if not hundreds, of executions believed to have taken place in China, Vietnam, and North Korea, the 467 executions that took place in 2023 represent a 44% increase from 2022. Ninety-eight percent of known drug-related executions took place in Iran. DRUG OFFENCES WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR ROUGHLY 42% (ALMOST ONE IN TWO) OF ALL EXECUTIONS CONFIRMED GLOBALLY THROUGHOUT 2023 – THE HIGHEST RECORDED FIGURE SINCE 2016. Drug-related executions were confirmed in five countries: China, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Singapore. Executions for drug offences are also highly likely to have taken place in Vietnam and North Korea but this cannot be confirmed due to censorship. 6 10 In line with the definition by the UN Human Rights Committee in General Comment 36 (CCPR/C/GC/36), the death penalty is reported as ‘mandatory’ when it is the only punishment that can be imposed following a conviction for at least certain categories of drug offences (without regard to the circumstances of the offence or the offender). Mandatory sentences hamper judicial sentencing discretion, and thus, according to international human rights standards, they are inherently arbitrary.Confirmed death sentences for drug offences increased by more than 20% from 2022. A minimum of 375 people were sentenced to death for drug offences, of which at least 31 were foreign nationals, and 15 were women. Roughly half of all death sentences for drug offences were passed by courts in Vietnam (188+) and a quarter in Indonesia (114+). The remaining quarter were imposed in 14 other countries. Information gaps on death sentences persist, meaning many [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://hri.global/flagship-research/death-penalty/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2023/ ) [196] => Array ( [objectID] => 23818 [title] => Unveiling Singapore’s Death Penalty Discourse: A Critical Analysis of Public Opinion and Deterrent Claims [timestamp] => 1711497600 [date] => 27/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/unveiling-singapores-death-penalty-discourse-a-critical-analysis-of-public-opinion-and-deterrent-claims/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/article-singapore-march-2024-500x250.jpg [extrait] => While Singapore’s Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) maintains a firm stance on the effectiveness of the death penalty in managing drug trafficking in Singapore, the article presents evidence suggesting that the methodologies and interpretations of these studies might not be as substantial as portrayed. [texte] => While Singapore’s Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) maintains a firm stance on the effectiveness of the death penalty in managing drug trafficking in Singapore, the article presents evidence suggesting that the methodologies and interpretations of these studies might not be as substantial as portrayed. (more…) "Unveiling Singapore’s Death Penalty Discourse: A Critical Analysis of Public Opinion and Deterrent Claims" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [197] => Array ( [objectID] => 23808 [title] => Centre d’Études en Droits Humains et Démocratie (CEDHD) [timestamp] => 1711497600 [date] => 27/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/centre-detudes-en-droits-humains-et-democratie-cedhd/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/cedhd-logo-500x314.jpg [extrait] => C.E.D.H.D. provides a forum for collective reflection, exchange, research and training. It has a network of national and international experts who contribute to the implementation of these programmes and activities. The CEDH’s mission is to contribute to the promotion of a human rights culture through training, studies, publications and the creation of forums for debate […] [texte] => C.E.D.H.D. provides a forum for collective reflection, exchange, research and training. It has a network of national and international experts who contribute to the implementation of these programmes and activities.The CEDH's mission is to contribute to the promotion of a human rights culture through training, studies, publications and the creation of forums for debate between the various players involved in strengthening the rule of law.CEDHD also lobbies parliament and the government to revise legislation and develop public policies that take human rights into account.Since its creation in 2005, the CEDHD has organised nearly 60 seminars and training workshops, and has published more than 50 studies, reports, seminar proceedings and guides.It has reached more than 2,649 people from various sectors: magistrates, police, DGAPR, NGOs, political party executives, young people, women, journalists and lawyers. Nearly 35,000 copies were distributed to these various groups.The plenary session elects a steering committee (made up of lawyers, doctors, academics and human rights specialists), which manages the Centre, draws up and implements action plans with the support of an administrative structure and calls on a network of experts where necessary.It has acquired recognised expertise in policy analysis and evaluation, and is a source of proposals through its memorandums and notes on specific issues addressed to the public authorities. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [198] => Array ( [objectID] => 23790 [title] => Humanity Diaspo [timestamp] => 1711497600 [date] => 27/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/humanity-diaspo/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/HUMANITY-DIASPO-1.jpg [extrait] => WOMEN’S HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT NGO Humanity Diaspo is a non-profit, humanitarian, development, TechForGood and feminist non-governmental organisation (NGO). Humanity Diaspo is independent of any political, religious or philosophical movement. Humanity Diaspo’s aim, where appropriate in partnership with local entities, is to support people in situations of distress, exile and migration, precariousness and exclusion in all […] [texte] => WOMEN'S HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT NGO Humanity Diaspo is a non-profit, humanitarian, development, TechForGood and feminist non-governmental organisation (NGO). Humanity Diaspo is independent of any political, religious or philosophical movement. Humanity Diaspo's aim, where appropriate in partnership with local entities, is to support people in situations of distress, exile and migration, precariousness and exclusion in all its forms. It promotes gender equality, particularly in the workplace, and respect for human rights, especially the rights of women and girls. It works to promote access to education, water, health and hygiene as well as access to vocational training and income-generating activities for these populations, particularly women and girls, thereby promoting the empowerment of populations and respect for human dignity. Humanity Diaspo operates in France and abroad within the limits of the applicable legal provisions, both in development contexts and in emergency situations.As part of its human rights advocacy work, Humanity Diaspo has been heavily involved in the fight against the death penalty since its inception, and has written several articles on the subject with a gender focus as a feminist organisation to combat the invisibility of the death penalty for women. Humanity Diaspo has taken part in the last two ECPM world congresses, in Brussels in 2019 and Berlin in 2022, and, in line with its actions, has decided to join this coalition unofficially in order to share and strengthen its advocacy. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [199] => Array ( [objectID] => 23780 [title] => Youth Safety Awareness Initiative (Crime Si Poa®) [timestamp] => 1711497600 [date] => 27/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/youth-safety-awareness-initiative-crime-si-poa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/crime-si-poa-logo.png [extrait] => Youth Safety Awareness Initiative mission is to promote social justice and a crime-free society through education, advocacy and social enterprise, targeting children and young people. Youth Safety Awareness Initiative primarily focus on discouraging at-risk and vulnerable youth from engaging in criminal activities and addressing threats to peace through behavioral and attitudinal change, while promoting the […] [texte] => Youth Safety Awareness Initiative mission is to promote social justice and a crime-free society through education, advocacy and social enterprise, targeting children and young people. Youth Safety Awareness Initiative primarily focus on discouraging at-risk and vulnerable youth from engaging in criminal activities and addressing threats to peace through behavioral and attitudinal change, while promoting the benefits of a crime-free society. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [200] => Array ( [objectID] => 26955 [title] => SUARAM Malaysia Human Rights Report 2023: Abolition of the mandatory death penalty [timestamp] => 1711497600 [date] => 27/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/suaram-malaysia-human-rights-report-2023-abolition-of-the-mandatory-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Chapter 12 of SUARAM’s Malaysia Human Rights Report 2023 highlights the abolition of the mandatory death penalty in Malaysia and its significance for human rights. The chapter provides an in-depth look at the legislative reforms, the implications for justice, and the challenges ahead in transitioning towards a more humane penal system. It underscores the importance of continued advocacy for complete abolition. [texte] => THE ABOLITION OF THE MANDATORY DEATH PENALTY – THE PATH AND WAY FORWARDAuthor: Ngeow Chow YingPeer Reviewer: Sara KowalIntroduction – Latest Amendments to the LawOn 3 April 2023, Malaysia’s Dewan Rakyat (Parliament’s House of Representatives) passed two Bills, the Abolition of Mandatory Death Penalty Bill 2023 (DR7) and the Revision of Sentence of Death and Imprisonment for Natural Life (Temporary Jurisdiction of the Federal Court) Bill 2023 (DR8). These Bills were subsequently passed in the Dewan Negara (Senate), received the Royal Assent and became effective on 4 July 2023 and 12September 2023 respectively. This is significant for Malaysia towards the abolition of the death penalty. According to the Death Penalty Information Centre, the abolition of the death penalty is increasingly a global trend in recent decades 535 , as many countries have either abolished it or discontinued using it. Amnesty International’s Death Sentences and Executions 2022Global Report shows that as of December 2022536, almost three quarters of the countries in the world have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice (144 countries), with only 55 countries retaining capital punishment. Of the 144 countries, 112 countries abolished the death penalty for all crimes, 9 countries abolished it for ordinary crimes and 23 countries retained it, but have not carried out executions for at least the past 10 years.Malaysia’s Progress Acknowledged Malaysia received international applause for this progress. Human Rights Watch called it “an important step towards aligning with international human rights norms and globalopposition to capital punishment”538. United Nations Human Rights experts “hailed a decision by the Malaysia parliament to revoke the country’s mandatory death penalty, adecision that could potentially spare the lives of 1300 prisoners”. Domestically, the news was widely reported. Momentum towards abolition of the mandatory death penalty has been building up since the previous government, where substantive consultations and advocacy helped in gaining consensus that the mandatory death penalty should be abolished, and the courts be given the discretion to deliver theappropriate sentence. Thus, the Bills were passed with no strong objection or pushback.In a nutshell, the Acts:1. abolish the mandatory death penalty for 12 offences 540 and replace it with lifeimprisonment of 30-40 years and 12 strokes of the cane;2. abolish the death penalty for seven offences541 and replace it with life imprisonmentof 30 - 40 years and 12 strokes of the cane;3. abolish natural life imprisonment and replace it with life imprisonment of 30-40 years;4. introduce transitional measures to ensure that the amended punishment is applicableto those who are already undergoing trials or have been convicted;5. introduce a revision mechanism by granting the Federal Court a temporaryjurisdiction to review the death sentence and natural life imprisonment for those whohave already exhausted legal remedies; and6. repeal the conditions in Section 39B(2A) and (2B) of the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952,to make it a full discretion of the Court in deciding whether death penalty or thealternative punishment of life imprisonment (30-40 years) and 12 strokes of the cane,is suitable for a drug trafficking case.The Acts have effectively reduced the number of crimes punishable with death; removed the mandatory nature of the death penalty for all crimes, thus giving the Court thediscretion in sentencing; taken away imprisonment by natural life; and provided a resentencing process for people who have been sentenced to death mandatorily and areon death row to have mitigation factors reconsidered.The Prime Minister’s Department’s (Jabatan Perdana Menteri, JPM) Legal Affairs Division (Bahagian Hal Ehwal Dan Undang-Undang, BHEUU) issued a press statement outlining the policy decision542 on this commendable reform. The statement shows that the government seems to have taken into consideration that the death penalty should not be imposed for offences that do not result in the death of a victim. For example, for Sections 3 and 3A of the Firearms (Increased Penalties) Act 1971, relating to discharge or accomplices to discharge of firearms with intent to cause death or hurt when committing or attemptingto commit an offense, the death penalty is completely removed and replaced with 30-40 years of imprisonment and whipping. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/SUARAM-MALAYSIA-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT-2023_Chapter12-1.pdf ) [201] => Array ( [objectID] => 23753 [title] => The unprecedent shift in attitudes towards abolition in the US [timestamp] => 1711065600 [date] => 22/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-unprecedent-shift-in-attitudes-towards-abolition-in-the-us/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/DPCI-report-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The Death Penalty Information Center’s 2023 report highlights a rising trend towards abolition in the US, evidenced by a decrease in states conducting executions and heightened backing for individuals asserting innocence. In 2023, the United States witnessed 24 executions, 21 death sentences, and three exonerations, reflecting this evolving trend. [texte] => The Death Penalty Information Center’s 2023 report highlights a rising trend towards abolition in the US, evidenced by a decrease in states conducting executions and heightened backing for individuals asserting innocence. In 2023, the United States witnessed 24 executions, 21 death sentences, and three exonerations, reflecting this evolving trend. (more…) "The unprecedent shift in attitudes towards abolition in the US" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [202] => Array ( [objectID] => 23748 [title] => Entry into force of Armenia’s ratification of the European Protocol for abolition in all circumstances [timestamp] => 1711065600 [date] => 22/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/entry-into-force-of-armenias-ratification-of-the-european-protocol-for-abolition-in-all-circumstances/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/20231019_Armenia-ratification-500x250.jpg [extrait] => In February 2024, Armenia’s ratification of Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances entered into force. Armenia was already abolitionist for all crimes and a State Party to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, aiming at […] [texte] => In February 2024, Armenia’s ratification of Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances entered into force. Armenia was already abolitionist for all crimes and a State Party to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. (more…) "Entry into force of Armenia’s ratification of the European Protocol for abolition in all circumstances" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Armenia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [203] => Array ( [objectID] => 23744 [title] => Annual Report On the Death Penalty in Iran 2023 [timestamp] => 1710374400 [date] => 14/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on March 5, 2024This report has been drafted by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) with the support of ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). Since 2012, Iran Human Rights and ECPM have been working together for the publication, international release and distribution of annual reports on the death penalty in Iran.The 16th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rights and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) provides an assessment and analysis of the 2023 death penalty trends in 2023 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2023, the trend compared to previous years, the legislative framework and procedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions. Lists of the female and juvenile offenders executed in 2023 are also included in the tables. The report also looks into the abolitionist movement within Iran, including the forgiveness movement and its contribution to reducing the use of the death penalty, and provides analysis on how the international community can contribute to limiting the scope of the death penalty in Iran. The 2023 report is the result of hard work from Iran Human Rights members and supporters who took part in reporting, documenting, collecting, analysing and writing of its contents. We are especially grateful to Iran Human Rights sources inside Iran who incur a significant risk by reporting on unannounced and secret executions in prisons of 30 different provinces. Due to the very difficult context, the lack of transparency and the obvious risks and limitations that human rights defenders face in the Islamic Republic of Iran, this report does not give a complete picture of the use of the death penalty in Iran by any means. There are 46 reported executions which are not included in this report due to a lack of sufficient details or an inability to confirm cases through two different sources. However, it aims to provide the most complete and realistic figures possible in the present circumstances. The current report does not include suspicious deaths in custody, death row prisoners who died in prison before the executions or those killed under torture. ECPM supports the elaboration, editing process, publishing and distribution of this report in the framework of its international advocacy work against the death penalty. The problems of transparency on the data and information about the death penalty in Iran should be overcome by a strong strategy of distribution and dissemination. The overall objectives of this report for Iran Human Rights and ECPM are to call attention to and publicise the facts, in order to change national and international views on the situation of the death penalty in Iran, first executioner country in the world. [texte] => ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTYIN IRAN 202323 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2023ANNUALREPORTON THEDEATHPENALTYIN IRAN2023Cover photo: The public hanging of Afghan nationals Mohammad Ramez Rashidi andNaeim Hashem Ghotali in Shiraz, on 8 July 20231.Back photo: Families of death row prisoners protesting outside the Judiciary buildingin Tehran, on 24 May 2023.This report has been drafted by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) withthe support of ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). Since2012, Iran Human Rights2 and ECPM3 have been working togetherfor the publication, international release and distribution of annualreports on the death penalty in Iran.Layout: Olivier Dechaud (ECPM)Printing: Imprim’ad hoc© IHRNGO, ECPM, 2024ISBN: 978 2 491354 30 5ISSN: 2966-8093 1 https://iranhr.net/en/articles/6042/ 2 http://iranhr.net/en/ 3 http://www.ecpm.org/en/45 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2023TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 Glossary 7 FOREWORD10 PREFACE11 2023ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE12 INTRODUCTION15 SOURCES16 FACTS AND FIGURES22 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK22 International treaties26 Iranian law33 The Anti-Narcotics Law35 PROCEDURES35 From arrest to proof of guilt45 EXECUTIONS IN PRACTICE45 Charges46 Executions for moharebeh, baghyand efsad-fil-arz in 202349 Executions related to protests in 202354 Executions for rape and sexual assault in 202355 Executions for blasphemy in 202356 Executions for adultery in 202356 Executions for drug-related charges in 202363 Executions for murder charges: Qisas70 SHARE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY AND CRIMINAL COURTS IN 2023 EXECUTIONS72 PUBLIC EXECUTIONS73 Rising number of public executions75 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF EXECUTIONS77 Secret and unannounced executions81 EXECUTION CATEGORIES81 Juvenile offenders85 Women88 Ethnic minorities90 Foreign citizens91 Dual citizens94 WAYS TO RESTRICT THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN94 Sustained domestic campaigningand international pressure97 CATEGORIES OF THE DEATH PENALTY WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVEMENT97 Juvenile executions97 Public executions98 Qisas100 MOVEMENTS PROMOTING ABOLITION AND MOBILISING CIVIL SOCIETY INSIDE IRAN103 FORGIVENESS MOVEMENT104 REPRESSION OF ABOLITIONIST ACTIVISTS108 RECOMMENDATIONS111 ANNEXES111 Annex 1: Executions per capita in each province112 Annex 2: List of resolutions and reports adoptedby the United Nations and European Parliament,mentioning the death penalty in Iran115 Annex 3: Analysis of the UPR recommendationson the death penalty in the last three cycles116 Annex 4: At risk of execution6 7 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2023GLOSSARYBaghy Armed rebellion against the Islamic rulerDiya Blood moneyEfsad-fil-arz Corruption on EarthElm-e-qazi Knowledge of the judgeErtedad ApostasyEstizan Authorisation required by the Headof Judiciary for qisas executionsFiqh Islamic jurisprudenceHadd (pl. hudud) Fixed punishment for offences mandatedby ShariaLavat SodomyMoharebeh Enmity against GodMosahegheh Lesbian sexQadf False accusations of sodomy or adulteryQassameh Sworn oathQisas Retribution-in-kindSabol-nabi Insulting the prophetSharia Islamic ruleTa’zir Punishment for offences at the discretionof the judgeTafkhiz Intercrural sexZena AdulteryFOREWORDSince 2018, five leading personalities, lawyers and human rightsdefenders have prefaced the Annual Report on the Death Penalty inIran. As their timeless and essential words are as relevant today asthey were when written, we are resharing them in memory of RobertBadinter, the French Justice Minister who enacted the abolition ofthe death penalty in France in 1981 who sadly passed away on 9February 2024.2018, SHIRIN EBADI (Lawyer and 2003 Nobel Peace Prize laureate):“Many individuals subjectedto this punishment (thedeath penalty) in Iran comefrom ethnic groups and, fortunately, legal experts,defenders of human rightsand civil society organisations deal with this punishment with increasing importance. Several organisationsprotest by publishing reportswhich aim to draw international attention to this issue. What is in frontof you is one of the most authoritative reports in this regard and scrutinising it will shed light on different aspects of this punishment.”42019, ROBERT BADINTER (The late former French Minister of Justice,Honorary Chair of ECPM):“Iran and its people, heirs toa long and glorious history,deserve better than thisbloody record. The inevitableand imminent day when thedeath penalty will disappearfrom Iran will be a day ofjubilation, a victory for lifeover death, for all abolitionists – and first of all those inIran.”54 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran - 2018, p. 5,https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2022/08/Rapport-iran-2018-gb_DEF_BD.pdf5 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran - 2019, p. 5,https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2022/08/Rapport-iran-2019-gb-070420-WEB.pdf8 9 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN20232022, ATENA DAEMI (Human Rights Defender and Former PoliticalPrisoner):“And yet the fight to abolishthe death penalty continues,as fortunately, a large partof society has realised theinhumanity of this punishment and its inefficacy indeterring criminal offences.The government’s efforts topresent the death penalty asreligiously and legally legitimate have failed. The publicdemands the complete abolition of the death penalty. We activistsof the right to life will continue this struggle until that has beenachieved.”88 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran - 2022, p. 7,https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2023/04/Rapport-iran-2023-gb-280623-bdcouv.pdf2020, NARGES MOHAMMADI (Human rights defender and 2023Nobel Peace Prize laureate, currently jailed in Evin Prison, Iran):“One of the most seriouscauses I have fought for inmy life has been the abolition of the death penalty inIran. It is unacceptable toend a life, no matter whatthe justification may be. I amnot opposed to punishingcriminals; criminals will continue to be punished untilthe root causes of theircrimes are eradicated, but crimes persist and this is neither a desirable, nor an acceptable outcome for society. It is difficult for me tosee the children left behind after the execution of their mother and/or father. Not only do those children lose their parents, but they cannot even talk about them due to societal shame. They lose everything, and it remains to be seen what horrific fate awaits them.”62021, MOHAMMAD RASOULOF (Award-winning Iranian filmmakerand abolitionist):“Employees at the relevantagencies, as well as militaryforces, judicial officers, prosecutors, judges and manyothers who are directly orindirectly involved in theimplementation of the deathpenalty, are not sufficientlyaware of the important rolethey play in this system andsee their role as insignificantand ineffective. They need to learn to accept personal responsibilityas part of this chain. It is essential for this group to be directly orindirectly educated by abolitionists so that they may have the courage to engage in overt or covert disobedient action.”76 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran - 2020, p. 7,https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2022/10/Rapport-iran-2021-gb-290321-HD.pdf7 IHRNGO and ECPM, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran - 2021, p. 7,https://www.ecpm.org/app/uploads/2022/08/Rapport-iran-2022-gb-260422-MD3.pdf10 11 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2023PREFACEThe 16th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rightsand ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) provides an assessment and analysis of the 2023 death penalty trends in 2023 in theIslamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2023,the trend compared to previous years, the legislative framework andprocedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions. Lists of the female and juvenile offenders executed in 2023 are also included in the tables.The report also looks into the abolitionist movement within Iran,including the forgiveness movement and its contribution to reducing the use of the death penalty, and provides analysis on how theinternational community can contribute to limiting the scope of thedeath penalty in Iran.The 2023 report is the result of hard work from Iran Human Rightsmembers and supporters who took part in reporting, documenting,collecting, analysing and writing of its contents. We are especiallygrateful to Iran Human Rights sources inside Iran who incur a significant risk by reporting on unannounced and secret executions inprisons of 30 different provinces. Due to the very difficult context,the lack of transparency and the obvious risks and limitations thathuman rights defenders face in the Islamic Republic of Iran, thisreport does not give a complete picture of the use of the death penalty in Iran by any means. There are 46 reported executions whichare not included in this report due to a lack of sufficient details oran inability to confirm cases through two different sources. However,it aims to provide the most complete and realistic figures possiblein the present circumstances.9 The current report does not includesuspicious deaths in custody, death row prisoners who died in prisonbefore the executions or those killed under torture.ECPM supports the elaboration, editing process, publishing anddistribution of this report in the framework of its internationaladvocacy work against the death penalty. The problems of transparency on the data and information about the death penalty inIran should be overcome by a strong strategy of distribution anddissemination. The overall objectives of this report for Iran HumanRights and ECPM are to call attention to and publicise the facts, inorder to change national and international views on the situationof the death penalty in Iran, first executioner country in the world.109 See below, section “Sources”.10 Per capita.2023ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE• At least 834 people were executed in 2023, a 43% increasecompared to 582 in 2022.• 125 executions (15%) we [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/reports/37/#:~:text=The%20report%20documents%20a%20staggering,than%2020%20years%20in%20Iran. ) [204] => Array ( [objectID] => 23697 [title] => ICJ Kenya Makes Gender Discrimination in Capital Punishment Visible [timestamp] => 1709856000 [date] => 08/03/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/icj-kenya-makes-gender-discrimination-in-capital-punishment-visible/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/women-and-death-penalty-in-kenya-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Kenya is one of a few target countries for the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s “Gender and the Death Penalty” campaign; a campaign that is being conducted in collaboration with its member organisations in the country, namely the Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya) and the Kenya Human Rights Commission. [texte] => Kenya is one of a few target countries for the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s "Gender and the Death Penalty" campaign; a campaign that is being conducted in collaboration with its member organisations in the country, namely the Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya) and the Kenya Human Rights Commission. (more…) "ICJ Kenya Makes Gender Discrimination in Capital Punishment Visible" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya [1] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [205] => Array ( [objectID] => 23690 [title] => Does care have to be at the periphery if crime is at the centre? A conversation that unspools the various threads tying feminism with crime. [timestamp] => 1707955200 [date] => 15/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/does-care-have-to-be-at-the-periphery-if-crime-is-at-the-centre-a-conversation-that-unspools-the-various-threads-tying-feminism-with-crime/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on January 30, 2024.The Third Eye invited Maitreyi Misra of Project 39A to help us think through our central idea: why do we need a feminist way of looking at crime, and how does that help the larger goal of social justice?Project 39A is inspired by Article 39-A of the Indian Constitution, a provision that furthers the intertwined values of equal justice and equal opportunity by removing economic and social barriers. Using empirical research to re-examine practices and policies in the criminal justice system, Project 39A aims to trigger new conversations on legal aid, torture, forensics, mental health in prisons, and the death penalty. [texte] => Skip to contentOpen toolbarAccessibility ToolsIncrease TextDecrease TextGrayscaleHigh ContrastNegative ContrastLight BackgroundLinks UnderlineReadable Font ResetSkip to contentMenuहिंदीSearchSearch...StructureDoes care have to be at the periphery if crime is at the centre?A conversation that unspools the various threads tying feminism with crime.Maitreyi MisraTue 30 Jan 2024Volume 005: CrimeThe symbol of the heart and growing leaves, introduce the element of humanity, regeneration and care, growing from the darkness. Artwork by Devika SundarThe Third Eye invited Maitreyi Misra of Project 39A to help us think through our central idea: why do we need a feminist way of looking at crime, and how does that help the larger goal of social justice?Project 39A is inspired by Article 39-A of the Indian Constitution, a provision that furthers the intertwined values of equal justice and equal opportunity by removing economic and social barriers. Using empirical research to re-examine practices and policies in the criminal justice system, Project 39A aims to trigger new conversations on legal aid, torture, forensics, mental health in prisons, and the death penalty. You can access their discourse building work here. TTE: When we say ‘a feminist way of looking at crime’, what do you think it means? What are its possibilities?Maitreyi: By a feminist approach, I specifically mean the ethics of care articulated by the philosopher Virginia Held, which understands that people are intrinsically interrelated, as opposed to the model of the independent, self-sufficient individual of liberal theory. Care ethics also challenges the traditionally accepted ‘correct’ way of understanding the world as masculine — with its ideas of right, wrong and the constituents of moral action. Conceived by Professor Carol Gilligan in the 1980s, this understanding of ethics had a great impact, and the people working in this field began thinking of ways to apply care ethics to the law. I think the criminal justice system is an important area that we might want to apply that approach to.The ethics of care also pushes back against a unidimensional approach towards both the victim and the accused. They may be labelled as such in a specific context, but that is not all they are; their identities must not be restricted to these labels.Hence, a feminist lens on crime takes account of the criminal act, but is not solely concerned with it. By which I mean that a feminist lens allows us to look at crime not just as the outcome of an individual’s actions, but also in the light of its context and relationality, and accounts for those aspects as well. This lens would require us to pull back from the moment of a particular violence and look at the larger contexts: the one in which the crime was situated, and the one in which the perpetrator came to be. And therein lie the possibilities.Applying a feminist lens to questions of crime and criminality requires us to not focus on individual causes of crime and punishment, but on the breakdown in collective, familial and societal relationships that engenders violence. A feminist ethic guides us to paths that move away from looking at the crime or the criminal in a vacuum or as the only legitimate starting points.Generally, conversations on feminist thinking and crime focus on sexual violence (perpetrator male, victim/survivor female), and our responses to it encompass thinking about changing social attitudes to sexual violence, the survivor’s needs, the offender’s accountability (often in terms of punishment and often punishments other than the death penalty). But, I think, it is equally important to talk about a feminist ethic when it comes to other offences; for instance murder or different offender and victim/survivor profiles, such as a female offender and male victim or a child victim.A feminist ethic would locate a large part of individual and collective violence in notions of empathy, and it won’t stop at a simple ‘the offender had no empathy for the victim’ narrative. Instead, it would also look at the kind of care and empathy provided to the offender by those around him; particularly and most importantly the State. Did the State do enough to nurture and care for this person throughout their lives? What values has the State been promoting generally, which, in turn, have played a role in the offender’s life?This is not to say that the person perpetrating violence should not be held accountable — that is a necessary part of a feminist ethics; but questions of responsibility and accountability, the quantum and modes in which they are imposed need to be in line with that larger ethic.In short, a feminist way of looking at crime insists that questions of criminal justice should not be seen as distinct from questions of social justice.How does a feminist framing look at the purpose and goal of punishment?A feminist ethic challenges the widely accepted purpose and goal of punishment. It requires us to revisit fundamental questions such as what we mean by harm, to whom is it caused, and by whom. It will also enquire into the context of the person accused of the criminal act and the environment they grew up in; it will incorporate those aspects in the quantum of accountability. A serious feminist inquiry into questions of crime and punishment would need to undo a lot of assumptions built into the system and redesign the way we approach the world around us.For instance, it will need to challenge the widely accepted rationales for punishment, such as retributive justice (or theory of just deserts). Just deserts is centred on concerns of proportionate deservedness in punishment, that is: an accused deserves to be punished for the harm they have caused, and the harm inflicted on them by the punishment must not be more than the harm they have caused.Questions of deservedness are built into almost all systems of punishment, so is the focus on harm caused by the offender and the proportionate harm that should consequently be imposed on them. But a feminist ethic might look at the material, structural, familial and social deprivations that the offender was exposed to as a young person and the State’s lack of response to these deprivations, in order to determine how much to punish, whilst ensuring ways to address the specific needs of the person. The latter would necessarily require a collaboration with the accused person/prisoner and cannot be a top-down, one-size-fits-all approach.The other big possibility of a feminist lens is that it opens up ways of thinking about the State response to both - the offender and the needs of the victim/survivor - without pitching them as necessarily opposing forces.Let’s take the example of a man convicted of rape. Rather than forever condemning the person with the label of a ‘rapist’, a feminist ethic might engage with their life story first and delay engagement with the fact of the offence. The emotional, psychological and physical safety needs of the victim/survivor are not the same as the offender’s needs and have little do with the offender’s life. Yes, the harm was directly caused by the offender, and justice for the victim/survivor would include accountability, but a feminist lens doesn’t conflate questions of accountability with suffering (either of the offender or of the victim/survivor).What does a feminist lens open up that perhaps a gender lens doesn’t? I think feminist thought incorporates and diffuses gender roles, and does not conflate male with masculine and female with feminine.It seeks to look beyond gender as the primary lens of understanding a person, and enquires into roles people play vis-a-vis another person. In doing so, it opens up pathways that may lead us to incorporate and perform other identities as well. It recognises that just as a male/man has the potential to be a perpetrator, they can also be a victim and survivor (perhaps of different circumstances and injustices), and just as a female/woman and non-binary people can be victims and survivors, they also have the potential to inflict harm. An abusive mother and an abused daughter can be the same person; a male domestic help or cook (traditionally seen as female/feminine work) can be a muscular person (traditionally male attributes); a feminine woman driving a masculine man because he can’t drive… These are all examples of multiple roles and identities co-existing and flipping, depending on the context.How does the law look at personhood, and how is that different from the way feminist thought looks at at the same?Broadly speaking, the law — or more specifically for this context criminal law — looks at an individual as a fully autonomous, reasonable person who aspires for certain values and morals that motivate them. This is also a person on whom no external factors have any bearing and their motivations, actions, and omissions are only and only their own. And consequently follows the logic of accountability. So, it’s largely a context-absent view of an individual; theories of law have forever conceptualised the average person as an abstract, but with certain values/morals/attributes coded into them. These values and attributes are of course similar to those who have theorised these concepts — middle class, often white, often middle-aged men.Feminist thought allows for a fuller account of the perpetrator — in not only attributing responsibility — but also in answering crucial questions such as what deprivations (for example, emotional, social, material, opportunities) did the person face, what the purpose of that individual’s punishment should be, and what that particular person needs.In that sense it sees the individual as a person who is continuously moving in different ways, rather than as an entity fixed in time and space. Feminist thought would also change the way we conduct our trials — not in its core principles — but in the way the system responds to the person. Generally, persons who may be accused of rea [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://thethirdeyeportal.in/structure/does-care-have-to-be-at-the-periphery-if-crime-is-at-the-centre/ ) [206] => Array ( [objectID] => 23687 [title] => Somebody’s Child: Amid the Lingering Trauma of Trump’s Executions, a New Project Brings Families to Federal Death Row [timestamp] => 1707955200 [date] => 15/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/somebodys-child-amid-the-lingering-trauma-of-trumps-executions-a-new-project-brings-families-to-federal-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on February 11, 2024.In 2002, Ra’id was arrested alongside several other suspects following a botched bank robbery that left two people dead and another paralyzed. His co-defendants pointed to him as the mastermind, which Ra’id adamantly denied. “I did not take part in that atrocity,” he told the court following his trial. “I did not shoot and kill anyone.”Newson attended his father’s sentencing hearing, along with his mother, Jeannie Gipson-Newson. A death sentence would be “devastating to my child,” she remembered testifying. But it felt futile. The jurors seemed to have made up their minds. In 2004, Ra’id was sentenced to die. [texte] => Search for:POLITICSJUSTICENATIONAL SECURITYWORLDTECHNOLOGYENVIRONMENTBECOME A MEMBER SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONSVOICESPODCASTSVIDEOSDOCUMENTSABOUTPOLICIES AND REPORTSBECOME A SOURCEJOIN NEWSLETTER© THE INTERCEPTALL RIGHTS RESERVEDTERMS OF USEPRIVACYDonald NewsonSOMEBODY’S CHILDAmid the Lingering Trauma of Trump’s Executions, a New Project Brings Families to Federal Death RowDONATEDonald Newson at his home in Atlanta on Jan. 31, 2024. Photo: Lynsey Weatherspoon for The InterceptLiliana SeguraFebruary 11 2024, 8:00 a.m.DONALD NEWSON ENTERED the U.S. penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana, with a mix of nerves and excitement. He had not seen his father, Nasih Khalil Ra’id, in almost 20 years. Born Odell Corley, Ra’id was sent to federal death row when Newson was just a teenager. Although he insisted he’d been wrongfully convicted, his hope of freedom faded over time, and he fell out of contact with his son. Now 35, Newson wondered if his father would even recognize him. The last time they were together, Newson was just a skinny kid. “I definitely didn’t have a beard.”Growing up, Newson did not know the details of his father’s case. Ra’id was simply the dad with a playful sense of humor who loved Prince and kung fu movies and teaching his son to weightlift. Although his parents separated when Newson was young, he’d seen Ra’id frequently; the year before his father’s arrest, Newson traveled from his home in Atlanta to spend the summer in Michigan City, Indiana, where Ra’id ran a car wash and spent nights working security at the zoo. “We would look at all the animals and basically get like a backstage pass,” Newson recalled.In 2002, Ra’id was arrested alongside several other suspects following a botched bank robbery that left two people dead and another paralyzed. His co-defendants pointed to him as the mastermind, which Ra’id adamantly denied. “I did not take part in that atrocity,” he told the court following his trial. “I did not shoot and kill anyone.”Newson attended his father’s sentencing hearing, along with his mother, Jeannie Gipson-Newson. A death sentence would be “devastating to my child,” she remembered testifying. But it felt futile. The jurors seemed to have made up their minds. In 2004, Ra’id was sentenced to die.Join Our NewsletterOriginal reporting. Fearless journalism. Delivered to you.I'm inLike many parents, Ra’id didn’t show his children he was struggling. “He never really liked to be a burden to anyone,” Newson recalled. After his first several years on death row, Ra’id stopped reaching out to Newson. When he later learned about his grandchildren, he was reluctant to form a relationship with them. “Even if they meet me, it will be behind glass,” Newson remembered him saying. “I couldn’t touch them. I couldn’t hug them.”In the spring of 2020, however, the Federal Bureau of Prisons began allotting hundreds of free phone minutes to people in federal custody under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. Ra’id began calling his son. Soon, they were talking multiple times a week. Ra’id’s grandchildren eventually “won him over,” Newson said. Before long, Ra’id was sending portraits of the kids drawn in his death row cell.Paintings by Donald Newson's father.Drawings that Nasih Khalil Ra’id made of his grandchildren hang on the walls of Donald Newson’s home in Atlanta on Jan. 31, 2024. Photo: Lynsey Weatherspoon for The InterceptLater that year, the Trump administration began carrying out the first federal executions in 17 years. One by one, Ra’id saw longtime neighbors taken to die. “It definitely was nerve-wracking for him,” Newson said. “He’s like, ‘People that I’ve been in here with for the last 10, 15 years … you see them get called and never come back.’” Like all his neighbors, Ra’id feared getting an execution date himself. In the end, he survived.In 2022, Ra’id’s legal team told Newson about a new program to help families visit loved ones on federal death row. The initiative was started by anti-death penalty activists who raised money to provide financial support for travel, lodging, and meals. Ra’id, who had always been firm that Newson should not spend money on him that could be spent on his kids, seemed enthusiastic. A self-described procrastinator, Newson did not fill out the paperwork right away. But last May, he flew from Atlanta to Indianapolis, where he was picked up by volunteers, then driven straight to the penitentiary.Things did not go according to plan. At security, Newson was told he was in violation of the dress code and would not be allowed inside. He called his ride and went to a nearby Walmart. By the time he returned in new clothes, there was only an hour left of visitation.Newson’s agitation dissipated when he spotted his dad. “It was a flood of emotions coming over me,” he said. The last time they’d seen one another, Ra’id was in the best shape of his life. Now Newson stared at his gray beard, overwhelmed by the years they had lost. He wanted badly to reach out but was stopped by the thick plexiglass. He struggled to understand the rationale. “I’m his son. What is he going to do to me?”The hour went quickly. By the end of Newson’s second visit that weekend, they had talked about virtually everything. Ra’id was eager to share what he was reading; he had recently finished “King Leopold’s Ghost,” about Belgium’s violent exploitation of Congo. He urged his son to pay attention to the state of politics in the U.S. “There are some things out there that should terrify you,” he said. “And you just gotta be ready for whatever’s coming.”Saying goodbye was “gut-wrenching,” Newson said. He resolved to apply for another visit, this time with his wife and kids.On the Monday after Thanksgiving, Ra’id turned 59 years old. When Newson wished him a happy birthday, he replied, “Ain’t nothing happy about this,” then changed the subject to his grandson, who was about to turn 10. He kept his son company on the phone the next day as Newson rushed to get his kids ready for school.On Thursday, Ra’id called early in the morning. Newson was in the middle of a serious conversation with his wife, so Ra’id said he would call back. He never did. The next day, during a break at work, Newson retrieved his cellphone from his locker and saw a flurry of messages from family members. Ra’id had been found unresponsive at the prison that morning. He was declared dead shortly afterward. The cause, Newson later learned, was suicide.Donald NewsonA drawing that Nasih Khalil Ra’id made of himself and his son, Donald Newson, right, before his death by suicide on federal death row. Photo: Lynsey Weatherspoon for The Intercept“We Have to Do Something”The Death Row Visitation Project was an attempt to make something good out of something horrific.Even for veteran abolitionists, the execution spree that began in Terre Haute in 2020 was an unprecedented nightmare: twelve men and one woman killed in the federal death chamber over the course of six months. The killings were carried out amid a deadly pandemic, and the virus spread among those who traveled to Terre Haute. By the last executions in January 2021, prison staff, death penalty lawyers, reporters, and the condemned men themselves had gotten sick with Covid-19, while the Supreme Court did nothing to intervene.Among those scarred by the executions was Bill Breeden, a longtime pacifist and Universalist minister who served as spiritual adviser to Corey Johnson, the 12th person put to death. Inside the execution chamber, officials refused to let Breeden deliver the statement he’d written with Johnson, words filled with love for Johnson’s family and remorse for his crimes. Breeden was especially haunted by the fact that Johnson had spent 29 years in solitary confinement without a visit from relatives. In the run-up to the execution, Breeden raised money from his congregation to bring Johnson’s family to Terre Haute. But Johnson’s legal team offered to cover the costs, leaving Breeden with unexpected funds.It’s not unusual for people on death row to become estranged from their families. The stigma of a death sentence compounds the practical challenges of staying in touch. Phone calls, stamps, and emails get expensive quickly — and visits are often prohibitive. While studies have consistently shown the importance of maintaining close ties to loved ones while in prison, they tend to be framed around reducing recidivism, which does not apply to people the government intends to kill. And though the BOP boasts a “policy to place individuals within 500 miles of their release residence, as available and appropriate,” the policy is irrelevant to people on federal death row.MOST READIndonesia: Perangkat Negara Siap Menangkan Pemilu untuk Jenderal PembantaiAllan NairnIndonesia State Apparatus Is Preparing to Throw Election to a Notorious Massacre GeneralAllan NairnErik Prince Calls for U.S. to Colonize Africa and Latin AmericaJon Schwarz“No matter where that person’s from, they are housed here in Terre Haute,” said Barbara Battista, an activist and Catholic sister with the local Providence of St. Mary-of-the-Woods, which has a longstanding relationship with the penitentiary. “That’s a real burden for persons with minimal resources, not just financial but emotional, psychological.”Like Breeden, Battista served as a spiritual adviser during the federal executions, accompanying two men, including Keith Nelson, who was among the first to die. “Keith was the one who said to me, ‘I want you to tell the world what goes on in here,’” she recalled. To her, this meant not only the chillingly sanitized ritual of lethal injection, but also the brutal isolation that generated so much suffering for the condemned and their loved ones. In conversations with Breeden, “we were like, ‘We have to do something about this,’” Battista said.“So many local people would visit if they could. The system is set up to fail human beings.”Helping families visit death row seemed like an ideal use of the le [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://theintercept.com/2024/02/11/federal-death-row-family-visitation/ ) [207] => Array ( [objectID] => 23685 [title] => Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report 2023 [timestamp] => 1707955200 [date] => 15/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2023.This is the eighth edition of the Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report. This annual publication presents changes in the death row population as well as political and legal developments in the administration of the death penalty in India each year. The statistics are compiled through a combination of data mining of court websites, media monitoring and Right to Information applications. [texte] => ANNUALSTATISTICSREPORT2023DEATH PENALTYIN INDIA1PUBLISHED BYProject 39ANational Law University, DelhiSector 14, DwarkaNew Delhi 110078Published in February 2024National Law University, Delhi 2024All rights reservedSUPERVISIONNeetika VishwanathWRITINGLakshmi MenonSnehal DhoteRESEARCH ASSISTANCERehan Mathur (National Law University, Delhi)Mudrika Agarwal (National Law University, Delhi)Sarah (Gujarat National Law University)DESIGNJameela AhmedLIST OFCONTRIBUTORSINDEXList of Contributors 1List of Abbreviations 4Foreword 5Overview of Developments in 2023 7Prisoners on Death Row 11State-Wise Distribution of Persons onDeath Row 12Duration on Death Row 13Death Penalty Cases 2023 14Sessions Courts in 2023 15State-Wise Distribution of Death SentencesImposed by Sessions Courts 16Nature of Offence for Those Sentenced toDeath by Sessions Courts 18Death Penalty in Cases of Sexual Offences 20Duration Between Conviction and Sentencingin Sessions Court Death Penalty Cases 23Sentencing Material 26High Courts in 2023 28Other Death Sentence Proceedings 30Disposal of Death Penalty Cases by High Courts 312 3Nature of Offence at the High Courts in 2023 32Sentences Imposed by High Courts onCommutation of Death Sentence 34High Court Acquittals in 2023 36High Court Commutations in 2023 42High Court Confirmations in 2023 50High Court Remanded Cases in 2023 51Supreme Court in 2023 52Nature of Offence at the Supreme Court in 2023 54Supreme Court Sentences Imposed UponCommutation of Death Sentence in 2023 56Analysis of Supreme Court Decisions in 2023 57Supreme Court Acquittals in 2023 58Supreme Court Remanded Cases in 2023 63Supreme Court Commutations in 2023 66Mercy Petitions 69Developments in the Law 70International Developments 73Final Observations 76Corrections to Annual Statistics 784LIST OFABBREVIATIONSBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023 BNSBharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita Bill, 2023 BNSSBharatiya Sakshya Bill, 2023 BSBCode of Criminal Procedure, 1973 CrPCIndian Evidence Act, 1872 IEAIndian Penal Code, 1860 IPC5This is the eighth edition of the Death Penalty in India: AnnualStatistics Report published by Project 39A at National LawUniversity, Delhi.2023 saw the highest number of persons on death row at the endof a calendar year in nearly two decades.1 There were 561prisoners under the sentence of death by the end of December2023, reflecting a 45.71% increase since we started publishingthese annual statistics in 2016. 2023 also saw a noticeabledecrease in the disposal of cases by the High Courts.Significantly, 2023 saw the lowest number of appellate courtconfirmations of death sentences since the compilation of ourAnnual Statistics in 2016. While the trial courts imposed 120 deathsentences in 2023, the appellate courts remained reluctant to usethe death penalty. The Supreme Court did not confirm any deathsentence in 2023. In the High Courts, only one death sentence wasconfirmed by the Karnataka High Court in a murder simplicitercase. In doing so, 2023 marks the lowest rate of death sentenceconfirmations by the appellate courts since 2000.Through a series of acquittals and remands in 2023, the SupremeCourt recognised serious lapses in police investigation andappreciation of evidence by trial courts in death penalty cases. Inall three of its commutation decisions in 2023, the Supreme Courtcontinued the trend of relying on reports pertaining to thepsychiatric evaluation, jail conduct and life circumstances of theaccused from previous years. These developments have found itsway to High Courts, with the Kerala High Court and TelanganaHigh Court calling for these reports in thirteen death sentenceconfirmation cases before them in 2023.This edition of the report follows the same methodology asprevious years. We relied on news reports to gather informationand updates on death sentences, which were then verified usingthe e-courts platforms of trial courts and appellate courts. Trialcourt judgments were tracked to examine their compliance withthe Supreme Court’s decision in Manoj and ors. v. State of MadhyaPradesh from May 2022, directing trial courts to proactively call1 Prison Statistics India, National Crime Records Bureau.FOREWORD6for and consider relevant materials (including psychologicalevaluation reports and jail conduct reports of the accused) whiledeciding the sentence.We would like to thank Sarah (IV Year, Gujarat National LawUniversity), Rehan Mathur (III Year, National Law University, Delhi)and Mudrika Agarwal (III Year, National Law University, Delhi) fortheir valuable efforts in compiling and verifying the data for thisreport.This report would not have been possible without the efforts ofVarsha Sharma, Pritam Raman Giriya and Ashna Devaprasad whowere instrumental in developing the original directory anddatabase on the death penalty in India. Lubhyathi Rangarajan,Peter John, Poornima Rajeshwar, Rahul Raman, NeetikaVishwanath, Preeti Pratishruti Dash, Gale Andrew, AishwaryaMohanty, Hrishika Jain and Adrĳa Ghosh have played key roles indeveloping previous editions of this report.7At the end of 2023, 120 death sentences were imposed by trialcourts and 561 prisoners were living under a sentence of death inIndia. This makes 2023 the year with the highest number ofprisoners on death row in nearly two decades, and the secondhighest since the turn of this century according to the NationalCrime Record Bureau’s Prison Statistics Reports.2 Over the years,the death row population has increased, with 2023 recording thethird consecutive year with the highest death row numbers since2004. The year 2023 also witnesses a 45.71% increase in thedeath row population since 2015.3The increase in the death row population can be attributed to thecomparatively slower rate of case disposal by High Courts overthe years. In a concerning update, the rate of disposal of deathpenalty confirmation proceedings at the High Courts in 2023 hasseen a decrease of 15.00% since the previous year. High Courtsdisposed of 57 death penalty cases involving 80 prisoners in 2023whereas in 2022 they disposed of 68 cases involving 101 prisoners.At the end of 2023, 303 cases involving 488 prisoners remainpending before 23 High Courts for confirmation proceedings. Thisdecrease in disposal comes in a year when the High Courts arefaced with the highest number of death row prisoners whosecases are pending disposal in its confirmation proceedings.Significantly, 2023 marks the lowest rate of death sentenceconfirmations by the appellate courts since the year 2000, withonly one death sentence being confirmed by the Karnataka HighCourt in a murder simpliciter case. Although appellate courts haveconfirmed very few death sentences over the years,4 a singleconfirmation across High Courts in one calender year signifiesfurther decline in the rate of confirmations at the High Courts.Similarly, this is the second calendar year after 2021 where theSupreme Court has not confirmed any death sentence.In a trend continuing since 2019, crimes involving sexual offencesformed the majority of death penalty cases at the trial courts.3 Project 39A, Death Penalty India Report (2016).4 Project 39A, Death Penalty India Report (2016).2 Prison Statistics India Report (2004), National Crime Records Bureau. The year2004 marked the highest death row population at 563 prisoners. The year 2023marks the highest death row population in the last 19 years.OVERVIEW OFDEVELOPMENTS IN 20238Nearly 53.30% of the 120 death sentences imposed by trial courtsin 2023 were for homicidal rape cases. Trial courts imposed deathsentences in 86.96% of its cases in the absence of any informationrelating to the accused.5 Despite the Supreme Court’s mandate inManoj v. State of Madhya Pradesh (2022),6 trial courts did not callfor the probation officers’ report, the report on psychiatricevaluation of the accused or their jail conduct.Acquittals and remands by the Supreme Court and the HighCourts in 2023 indicate significant concerns with the quality ofpolice investigations and appreciation of evidence by lower courtsin death penalty cases. The Supreme Court acquitted six prisonersin five cases and remanded two cases involving two prisonersto the trial court and the High Court respectively. In allthese decisions, the Supreme Court criticised lapses in theinvestigations and trials. In a particularly egregious case, NarayanChetanram Chaudhary was found by the Supreme Court to havebeen a child at the time of the offence - 28 years post hisimprisonment (with 25 years spent on death row).7 In a similar vein,High Courts acquitted 36 prisoners of all charges and remandedthree cases, involving five prisoners, to the trial court forsignificant lapses in the cross-examination of forensic evidenceand for the perfunctory nature of the sentencing exercise. Onewrit petition challenging the rejection of a mercy petition wasdecided by the Karnataka High Court, commuting the prisoner’sdeath sentence on the grounds of prolonged solitary confinementand unexplained delay by the executive in disposing the mercypetition.In a noteworthy update, the Kerala High Court and the TelanganaHigh Court directed professionals trained in social sciences andsocial work to assist the courts as mitigation investigators ingathering information on circumstances of the accused in pendingdeath penalty cases before them. These orders signify theimplementation of developments in the Supreme Court on capitalsentencing at the High Court level.5 Out of the 88 cases, judgements were accessible for 69 cases.6 Manoj v. State of Madhya Pradesh, Criminal Appeal No. 248 of 2015.7 Narayan Chetanram Choudury v. State of Maharashtra, Review Petition No. 1139 of2000.A three-judge bench of the Supreme Court had convened aConstitution bench in September 2022 to reconsider and pluggaps in the capital sentencing law.8 In December 2023, theSupreme Court directed relevant parties to file their submissions,indicating a potential hearing in 2024.In March 2023, the Supreme Court considered a writ petiti [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.project39a.com/annual-statistics-report-2023 ) [208] => Array ( [objectID] => 23682 [title] => Justice Project Pakistan, Pakistanis Imprisoned Abroad Database [timestamp] => 1707264000 [date] => 07/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/justice-project-pakistan-pakistanis-imprisoned-abroad-database/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pakistan is counted among the countries that rely heavily on foreign remittances for economic stability and foreign reserves. However, despite its dependence on foreign remittances from migrant workers, Pakistan has done little to protect its vulnerable citizens from landing in foreign jails. As a result, Pakistan has seen a significant increase in the number of prisoners and executions abroad. Inadequate oversight and the lack of proper enforcement of existing protections is a literal death sentence for scores of Pakistanis who simply seek a better life and improved prospects for loved ones by working abroad. [texte] => JPP Logo Highres_00297Pakistanis Imprisoned AbroadPakistan is counted among the countries that rely heavily on foreign remittances for economic stability and foreign reserves. However, despite its dependence on foreign remittances from migrant workers, Pakistan has done little to protect its vulnerable citizens from landing in foreign jails. As a result, Pakistan has seen a significant increase in the number of prisoners and executions abroad. Inadequate oversight and the lack of proper enforcement of existing protections is a literal death sentence for scores of Pakistanis who simply seek a better life and improved prospects for loved ones by working abroad. See map below for country-wise breakdown of Pakistani prisoners. Zoom in for a better view on mobile screens. 14,378Total number of Pakistanis imprisoned abroad, as of December 2023Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs183Pakistanis executed overseas between 2010-2023.171 (93%) of these were in Saudi ArabiaSource: News Reports58%of Pakistanis imprisoned abroad are in UAEand Saudi ArabiaSource: Ministry of Foreign Affairs The Government of Pakistan has an obligation, under the Constitution and International law, to protect the fundamental rights of its citizens detained abroad. According to official estimates, there are over 14,000 Pakistani citizens languishing in jails across the world, with the highest number in UAE, Saudi Arabia, Greece, India and Iraq. Encouraged by the state, millions of Pakistanis emigrate to foreign lands to seek better opportunities, particularly in the Gulf countries. Pakistan is counted amongst the countries that rely heavily on foreign remittances for economic stability and foreign reserves. However, despite its dependence on foreign remittances from migrant workers, Pakistan must do more to protect these vulnerable citizens from landing in foreign jails. Pakistanis imprisoned abroad are at the mercy of local courts without access to lawyers, impartial translators, or adequate consular assistance from the Pakistani diplomatic missions. These destitute Pakistanis face the harshest punishments due to their lack of understanding of and assistance with the legal process, incapability to communicate directly with the court, and inability to produce evidence from Pakistan in their defence. Foreign nationals in conflict with the law face a heightened risk of harsh punishment and due process violations. As such, it is incumbent upon the Government of Pakistan to provide effective consular assistance and representation to all overseas Pakistani prisoners, and ensure that their fundamental rights are not violated. Furthermore, the Government of Pakistan should actively pursue the implementation of bilateral prisoner transfer agreements, with the aim of repatriating Pakistani nationals and allowing them to serve out their sentences in their home country.Browse By CountryThis section provides data on top 16 countries with the highest number of Pakistani prisoners, as of December 2023 (order: highest to lowest). Data on status of executions for each country is sourced from the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Click on the buttons to navigate between countries.United Arab EmiratesPAKISTANI PRISONERS5,292This is the highest number of Pakistanis imprisoned in any country. Most of the Pakistani prisoners in the UAE are imprisoned for drug offences.Source: Media Briefing by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 7 December 2023DOES THE COUNTRY EXECUTE?YESLast Pakistani sentenced to death was in 2022 over murder charges. The country currently has 10 death row prisoners but there is no information on whether it includes any Pakistanis.Source: The National News UAEPRISONER TRANSFER AGREEMENTSIGNEDIn 2020, Pakistan repatriated 1,200 prisoners from the UAE as part of the country’s “humanitarian efforts” during coronavirus pandemic.Source: Arab NewsThere are 1.29 million Pakistanis living in the UAE. The heavy flow of labour migration is an extremely important asset to both countries. Pakistani migrant workers in the UAE sent back $1.47 billion in remittances in FY2023. However, many Pakistanis in conflict with the UAE legal system are not afforded full access to their legal rights. These migrants find themselves in a foreign system without adequate access to impartial translators and legal counsel. They are at risk of facing the death penalty for a wide range of crimes.In 2014, the UAE denied a Pakistani national access to an impartial translator, and unlawfully enhanced his sentence retroactively. He remains incarcerated in Dubai, serving a lengthy and illegitimate sentence.Timeline2012:Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates finalise a Prisoner Transfer Agreement, allowing convicted Pakistani prisoners in the UAE to be repatriated on certain conditions.2020:In light of the Government of Pakistan’s humanitarian response to protect its citizens from the COVID-19 pandemic, 1200 Pakistani prisoners were repatriated from the UAE.2023:325 Pakistani prisoners are released by UAE authorities in celebration of the holy month of Ramadan.UAESaudi ArabiaGreeceIndiaIraqItalyOmanTurkeyUKChinaQatarBahrainMalaysiaIranSri LankaKuwaitStories of Overseas Pakistani PrisonersJPP Logo Highres_00297Justice Project Pakistan (JPP) is a legal action non-profit that provides pro-bono legal representation to the most vulnerable Pakistani prisoners facing the hardest punishments. Our clients include those facing the death penalty, the mentally ill and victims of police torture. In December 2016, JPP’s Executive Director was presented the National Human Rights Award by the President of Pakistan.jpp.org.pkinfo@jpp.org.pkcommunications@jpp.org.pkWebpage Design:Ema Anis in collaboration with Sikandar Vincent Khan (Communications team, JPP)Data Compilation & Visualization:Zille Huma (Data & Research team, JPP)Policy Analysis:Ayesha Gardezi and Haris Zaki (Advocacy and Policy team, JPP)Data Sources:Ministry of Foreign Affairs, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Iran Human Rights, Amnesty International, Reprieve, Guardian, The Express Tribune, Dawn, Arab News, The National News UAE, Geo News PUBLICATIONS PRISON REFORMS PROJECT DEATH PENALTY DATABASE [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://jpp.org.pk/overseaspakprisoners/ ) [209] => Array ( [objectID] => 23676 [title] => A/HRC/RES/54/35 Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council [timestamp] => 1707264000 [date] => 07/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-res-54-35-resolution-adopted-by-the-human-rights-council/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => GE.23-20065(E)Human Rights CouncilFifty-fourth session11 September–13 October 2023Agenda item 3Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil,political, economic, social and cultural rights,including the right to developmentResolution adopted by the Human Rights Councilon 13 October 202354/35. Question of the death penaltyThe Human Rights Council,Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention againstTorture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and all otherrelevant international and regional human rights instruments, and reaffirming that all Statesmust implement their obligations under international human rights law,Recalling also the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civiland Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty,Recalling further General Assembly resolutions 62/149 of 18 December 2007, 63/168of 18 December 2008, 65/206 of 21 December 2010, 67/176 of 20 December 2012, 69/186of 18 December 2014, 71/187 of 19 December 2016, 73/175 of 17 December 2018, 75/183of 16 December 2020 and 77/222 of 15 December 2022 on the question of a moratorium onthe use of the death penalty,Reaffirming the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of persons facing the deathpenalty set out in the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May1984 and the provisions regarding the implementation of the guidelines contained in Councilresolutions 1989/64 of 24 May 1989 and 1996/15 of 23 July 1996,Recalling all resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights on the question of thedeath penalty, the last of which was resolution 2005/59 of 20 April 2005,Recalling also Human Rights Council decision 18/117 of 28 September 2011 onreporting by the Secretary-General on the question of the death penalty, Council resolution22/11 of 21 March 2013 on a panel on the human rights of children of parents sentenced tothe death penalty or executed, Council decision 22/117 of 21 March 2013 on a high-levelpanel discussion on the question of the death penalty, and Council resolutions 26/2 of 26 June2014, 30/5 of 1 October 2015, 36/17 of 29 September 2017, 42/24 of 27 September 2019 and48/9 of 8 October 2021 on the question of the death penalty,Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the question of the deathpenalty, in the latest of which the Secretary-General focused on the relationship betweenUnited Nations A/HRC/RES/54/35General Assembly Distr.: General17 October 2023Original: EnglishA/HRC/RES/54/352articles 6 and 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, focusing on theright to seek pardon or commutation of sentences and the right to have one’s conviction andsentence reviewed by a higher tribunal according to law, in accordance with the safeguardsguaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty set out in the annex toEconomic and Social Council resolution 1984/50, and in which he analysed the applicablelegal framework and shared available data and examples of national practices,1Acknowledging the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner forHuman Rights on the high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty,according to which the panel stated that the death penalty continues to be provided andapplied for crimes that do not meet the threshold of “the most serious crimes”, includingdrug-related offences,2Stressing that the term “the most serious crimes” has consistently been readrestrictively and interpreted as pertaining only to crimes of extreme gravity involvingintentional killing, and stressing also that under no circumstances can the death penalty everbe applied as a sanction against specific forms of conduct, such as apostasy, blasphemy,adultery, consensual same-sex conduct or relations, establishing political opposition groupsor offending a head of State, and that States parties that retain the death penalty for suchoffences commit a violation of their international obligations,Mindful of the work of the special procedure mandate holders who have addressedhuman rights issues relating to the death penalty, including the Special Rapporteur on tortureand other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the Special Rapporteur onextrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on the independenceof judges and lawyers and the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of humanrights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism,Mindful also of the work undertaken by the treaty bodies to address human rightsissues relating to the death penalty,Recognizing the role of regional and subregional instruments and initiatives towardsthe abolition of the death penalty, which in some cases have led to the prohibition of the useof the death penalty,Welcoming the fact that the international trend towards the abolition of the deathpenalty is continuing, that many States are applying a moratorium on the use of the deathpenalty, and all measures taken by States towards limiting the application of the deathpenalty,Noting that States with different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religiousbackgrounds have abolished the death penalty or are applying a moratorium on its use,Recalling article 6 (6) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,which states that nothing in that article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolitionof capital punishment by any State party to the Covenant, and bearing in mind that, accordingto the Human Rights Committee, States parties that are not yet totally abolitionist should beon an irrevocable path towards complete eradication of the death penalty, de facto and dejure, in the foreseeable future,Noting that, also according to the Human Rights Committee, States parties to theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights that have abolished the death penalty arebarred from reintroducing it, and noting also that the reinstatement of the death penalty by aState party to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil andPolitical Rights is a violation of international law,Recalling that derogation from the right to life is never permitted, even during a stateof emergency,Acknowledging the interest in studying the question of the death penalty, as well as inholding local, national, regional and international debates related thereto,1 A/HRC/54/33.2 A/HRC/54/46.A/HRC/RES/54/353Emphasizing the importance for the effectiveness and transparency of debates on thedeath penalty of ensuring that the public has access to balanced information, includingaccurate information and statistics on criminality and the various effective ways to combat itwithout resorting to capital punishment,Strongly deploring the fact that the use of the death penalty leads to violations of thehuman rights of the persons facing the death penalty and of other affected persons,Recalling that, particularly in capital punishment cases, States are required to ensurethat all persons benefit from a fair trial and a guarantee of due process by providing adequateassistance of legal counsel from the earliest stages of their detention and at every stage of theproceedings, without discrimination of any kind, and effective access to documents and otherevidence that are essential for their defence, and that failure to respect fair trial guarantees inproceedings resulting in the imposition of the death penalty could constitute a violation ofthe right to life,Emphasizing that it is important that States ensure that due process and fair trialguarantees and safeguards, including the right to have one’s conviction and sentencereviewed by a higher tribunal according to law and the right to seek pardon and commutation,are effectively in place and implemented,Recalling that the right of everyone convicted of a crime to have their conviction andsentence reviewed by a higher tribunal according to the law includes a duty on States toreview the conviction and sentence on the merits, and stressing that violation of this right inproceedings resulting in the imposition of the death penalty renders the death sentencearbitrary in nature and in violation of the right to life,Underscoring that the denial of legal assistance by the tribunal reviewing the deathsentence of an indigent convicted person precludes an effective review of the conviction andsentence by the higher tribunal, and that such denial of legal assistance constitutes a violationof article 14 (3) (d) and (5) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,Reaffirming that States are required to allow individuals sentenced to death to seekpardon or commutation, that amnesties, pardons and commutations can be granted to themin appropriate circumstances, that such requests for pardon or commutation are thoroughlyexamined and that death sentences are not carried out in the event any appeal or otherrecourse procedure or other proceeding relating to pardon or commutation of the sentenceremain pending or unresolved,Reaffirming also that, under international human rights law, no category of sentencedpersons may be excluded in law or in practice from pardons or commutations of a deathsentence, and that the conditions for attainment of relief must not be unnecessarilyburdensome, discriminatory in nature or applied in an arbitrary and non-transparent manner,and expressing concern that, while many countries provide for the right to seek pardon orcommutation of a death sentence in their national legislation, certain crimes are oftenexcluded from it, or the number of pardons or commutations may be capped,Underlining that in all cases where the death penalty may be imposed, the personalcircumstances of the offender and the particular circumstances of the offence, includ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FHRC%2FRES%2F54%2F35&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False ) [210] => Array ( [objectID] => 23673 [title] => Proven With(out) Certainty: How Judges Sentence Defendants to Death for Drug Offences in Iran [timestamp] => 1707177600 [date] => 06/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/proven-without-certainty-how-judges-sentence-defendants-to-death-for-drug-offences-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in April 2023.Despite the reduction in the number of executions for drug offences during 2018-2020, a sudden increase in executions was recorded during 2021-2023: at least 131 known executions were recorded for drug offences in 2021, 253 executions in 2022, and 82 executions during the first 3 months of 2023 (Table). However, information concerning the death penalty in Iran is notoriously difficult to obtain because of the secrecy surrounding the country’s criminal justice process. This note provides a rare glimpse into the application of capital drug laws in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It exposes the idiosyncratic practices of the judiciary and its decision-making, using cases concerning the death penalty for drug offences—its imposition prohibited long under international standards. These judgments repeatedly use the language of ‘certainty’ in convicting the accused. In reality, to those familiar with basic fair trial standards, they raise serious concerns about miscarriages of justice that could potentially result in the erosion of legitimacy of the criminal ‘justice’ system in Iran. [texte] => About this Note ................................................................................. 1Data ................................................................................................... 2Applying the Relevant Law: Ignorance or Wilful Avoidance? ............ 2Unavailable Judgments .................................................................... 3Duly Unreasoned Judgments ............................................................ 4Unclear Factors in Death Penalty Sentencing ................................... 6From a Confession to Conviction ...................................................... 7Presumption of Guilt ......................................................................... 9Concluding Remarks ....................................................................... 11Appendices ................................................................................... 13‘Proven With(out) Certainty’How Judges Sentence Defendants to Death for Drug Offences in IranTable of ContentsThis report was made possible with support from Open Society Foundationsthrough the South Asia Middle East Network‘Proven with(out) certainty’: how judges sentence defendants to death for drug offences in IranAbdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran Monash University | Eleos Justice 1About this Note1Despite the reduction in the number of executions for drug offences during 2018-2020, a sudden increasein executions was recorded during 2021-2023: at least 131 known executions were recorded for drugoffences in 2021, 253 executions in 2022, and 82 executions during the first 3 months2 of 2023 (Table).However, information concerning the death penalty in Iran is notoriously difficult to obtain because of thesecrecy surrounding the country’s criminal justice process. This note provides a rare glimpse into theapplication of capital drug laws in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It exposes the idiosyncratic practices ofthe judiciary and its decision-making, using cases concerning the death penalty for drug offences—itsimposition prohibited long under international standards.3 These judgments repeatedly use the languageof ‘certainty’ in convicting the accused. In reality, to those familiar with basic fair trial standards, they raiseserious concerns about miscarriages of justice that could potentially result in the erosion of legitimacy ofthe criminal ‘justice’ system in Iran.1 This note was prepared in collaboration with the Abdorrahman Boroumand Centre for Human Rights in Iran and Eleos Justice, Faculty of Law,Monash University, Australia.2 January 1 to March 15, 2023.3 General comment no. 36 on Article 6, the Right to Life, UN Human Rights Committee (2018). Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/general-comment-no-36-article-6-right-life.‘Proven with(out) certainty’: how judges sentence defendants to death for drug offences in IranAbdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran Monash University | Eleos Justice 2DataThis note analyses 10 judgments4 handed down in Iran during 2014-2020, involving 19 defendants ofwhom 16 were sentenced to death for drug offences (see Appendix 1).5 The majority of judgments (8 outof 10) were handled by the ‘Revolutionary Court’; these courts often occur behind closed doors presidedover by clerics. At the time of writing, all defendants who had been sentenced to death in these caseshad been executed. We do not claim that these judgments are representative of capital drug offences inIran. First, the total number of executions or death sentences for drug offences (or for other any capitaloffence) is not made public in Iran, meaning that we rely on estimates gathered by non-governmentalorganisations like Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran (ABC). Second, usingpublished estimates, our data—10 judgments—present a tiny proportion of the large number of knownexecutions for drug offences mentioned above. Third, our data are not collected systematically becausejudgments in Iran are not publicly available, which means there are obstacles and risks associated withsecuring them. All these factors rule out any form of representative sampling of cases. Despite theseshortcomings, the judgments provide a rare insight into the judicial decision-making on capital drug casesin Iran.Applying the Relevant Law: Ignorance orWilful Avoidance?One of the key responsibilities of the judiciary—if not the most obvious and basic duty—is to apply therelevant law. In 1975, Iran ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR),choosing to be bound by its obligations under domestic law. The ICCPR limits the application of the deathpenalty to the ‘most serious crimes’,6 understood as intentional killing.7 In none of the judgments wasreference made to the ICCPR’s ‘most serious crimes’ criterion. Assuming that judges in Iran are awareof the country’s international obligations, no attempts were made to justify the clear discrepancy betweendomestic law and Iran’s obligations under international law. It is common practice for judges andgovernments in other countries to engage with international jurisprudence. For example, in India8 andPakistan9, the Supreme Court has cited cases from other jurisdictions and treaties, demonstrating theirwide knowledge of domestic and international jurisprudence. More broadly, the right to a fair trial is alsoguaranteed under Article 14 of the ICCPR. Indeed, during the second Universal Periodic Review in 2014,the government of Iran accepted a recommendation to ‘take measures to ensure due process and fair4 Judgments, on file with Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran (ABC), were translated into English by ABC and shared withEleos Justice, Faculty of Law, Monash University. We received approval from the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (ProjectID: 35771) to prepare this note. Eleos Justice received funding from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and ABC receivedfunding from the Open Society Foundations through the South Asia and Middle East Network against the death penalty.5 The Iranian Anti-Drug Law 1988 was amended in 2017, increasing the minimum amounts of illegal drugs that would subject producers anddistributors to capital punishment. The Drug Reform Bill Version was approved by Majles on October 4, 2017 and Guardian Council on October18, 2017 (Final Version). An English summary is available at Abdorrahman Boroumand Center: Drug Reform Bill Version Approved by Majles onOctober 4, 2017 and Guardian Council on October 18, 2017 (Final Version) (iranrights.org).6 Article 6 (2) of the ICCPR states that ‘[i]n countries which have not abolished the death penalty, sentence of death may be imposed only for themost serious crimes’.7 General comment no. 36 on Article 6, the Right to Life, the UN Human Rights Committee (2018). Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/general-comment-no-36-article-6-right-life. ‘Crimes not resulting directly and intentionally in death, such as … drug and sexual offences,although serious in nature, can never serve as the basis, within the framework of article 6, for the imposition of the death penalty.’8 E.g., https://www.ourlegalworld.com/shatrughan-chauhan-anr-vs-union-of-india-ors-case-analysis/9 E.g., https://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/downloads_judgments/c.r.p._420_2016.pdf‘Proven with(out) certainty’: how judges sentence defendants to death for drug offences in IranAbdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran Monash University | Eleos Justice 3trial, particularly in any process that would lead to the application of the death penalty’.10 As this notedemonstrates, however, judicial practices in Iran based on these judgments do not appear to be guidedby respect for due process.Unavailable JudgmentsABC’s fieldwork has shown that, at least in the last decade, defendants do not always have access bydefault to their own judgment. However, a copy of one’s judgment is necessary if convicted individualswish to appeal against their conviction or sentence, a right granted to drug offenders sentenced to deathfrom 2015 with the reform of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Indeed, the ICCPR guarantees the right toappeal,11 requiring a convicted person ‘to have, within a reasonable time, access to duly reasoned writtenjudgments’, and failing to do so is considered to be in violation of the right to appeal.12 In addition, theICCPR also requires the judgment to be public.13 Judgments are key public records that can be used tounderstand trends and patterns of judicial decision-making and serve to keep the judiciary in check.Unlike other jurisdictions where the right to public judgment is operationalised through public databases(e.g., Lexis, Westlaw), judgments are not made publicly available in Iran. Given the extensive powergranted to the Iranian judiciary to take away liberty (imprisonment), property (fines), physical integrity(corporal punishment) and life (death penalty), the record of how and why these defendants werepunished demands transparency.10 United Nations Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Islamic Republic of Iran (Addendum),UN Doc A/HRC/28/12/Add.1 (2 March 2015) paras. 138-213. However, Iran rejected most recommendations pertaining to the use of the deathpenalty.11 Article 14 (5) of the ICCPR states ‘[e]veryone convicted of a crime shall have the right to his conviction and sentence being reviewed bya higher tribunal according to law’.12 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges,Prosecutors and Lawyers (United Nations, 2003) 307.13 Article 14 (1) of the ICCPR states that ‘any judgment rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where theinterest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship o [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.iranrights.org/library/document/4034 ) [211] => Array ( [objectID] => 23670 [title] => The politics of capital punishment for foreign nationals in Iran [timestamp] => 1707091200 [date] => 05/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-politics-of-capital-punishment-for-foreign-nationals-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in December 2023.This paper seeks to map the political economy of capital punishment in Iran, in particular in relation to dual and foreign nationals, and examines its external and internal functions. The external functions include suppressing the ‘cultural threat’ of cross-border drug trafficking, achieving more power in sanctions negotiations, seeking reciprocal prisoner swaps or demanding recompense for outstanding multinational debt. The internal functions include quashing protests against the regime, supressing separatist movements, or even just ‘otherness’. It is evident that those facing disadvantage across foreign national and intersectional lines face the death penalty disproportionately. In addition, although only representing a fraction of the overall population of death row, the arbitrary detention of dual nationals has a disproportionate political function. [texte] => Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU) Research Papers DPRU Research Paper No. 3 December 2023 The politics of capital punishment for foreign nationals in Iran Brian Egan* Introduction This paper seeks to map the political economy of capital punishment for foreign nationals in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The specific nationalities which are represented on death row will be discussed, as well as which offences they are convicted of. It will also look at the specific vulnerabilities that this group faces, and the particular plight of dual nationals and how this relatively small cohort has an instrumental political function for Iran. There are substantive transparency issues regarding Iran’s use of capital punishment. There are a large number of ‘secret executions’ that go unannounced by the regime.1 Newspapers can be instructed not to report some of them,2 and because many executions occur in regional prisons in remote provinces, full information becomes even more difficult to collect. Even when they are officially announced, there is a lack of systematic, government compiled annual statistics.3 It is left to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to try pierce this veil of secrecy: “these organisations rely on a wide array of sources to corroborate their numbers, including official government announcements, unnamed government sources, sources inside the prisons (including prisoners), lawyers, family members, local newspapers, and other information.”4 It has led many NGOs to note that the real figure of executions in Iran could be even higher than their calculations. Furthermore, it is likely that the compounded vulnerability faced by foreign or dual nationals, as well as ethnic or religious minorities, leads to underreporting. Clearly, the true scale and *MSc Criminology and Criminal Justice Graduate, University of Oxford; Research Intern 2020-21, Death Penalty Research Unit, University of Oxford. With thanks to Jocelyn Hutton, for research guidance and providing information on cases. 1 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES scope of the problems faced by foreign nationals at risk of the death penalty in Iran cannot be fully measured, but, from the data we and others have gathered, some trends appear. Iran is a leading global executioner; second in the world for summary executions, and until the 2017 amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Laws, was consistently the highest executioner per capita.5 Iran has also failed to constrain its capital statute book to only the most serious offences. In 2021, 50% of executions (182 individuals) were following convictions for murder charges under the principle of qisas, or retribution. The remaining 50% were for drug offences (36%), political offences and other crimes such as sodomy and rape.6 Iran has also attracted international condemnation for executing juvenile offenders, with its threshold of criminal responsibility, or bulugh, as low as 15 lunar years for boys (14 years seven months in solar years) and nine lunar years for girls (eight years, nine months in solar years).7 Foreign nationals have been known to be executed for crimes committed at even younger ages. Carolyn Hoyle has argued that “Iran’s Revolutionary Courts appear not to follow any recognisable due process.”8 There have been repeated accounts of torture in the interrogation process, withholding access to counsel, documented instances of forced confessions and systemically inadequate procedural protections.9 With political cases, pressure has been exerted by the regime on families and prisoners to keep quiet or face reprisals.10 In terms of partisan sentencing and the presumption of innocence, the International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) has argued that “the judge plays the role of the interrogator, prosecutor and judge all at the same time … In the overwhelming majority of criminal and political cases, judges do not presume that defendants are innocent until proven guilty. The guiding principle seems to be the other way round.”11 Some offences, such as moharebeh, or ‘enmity against God’, specifically reject a presumption of innocence.12 Haedi Ghaemi notes that “after the disputed 2009 presidential election, the judiciary emerged as a key instrument to intimidate protestors and remove many leading activists and opinion makers, steps that were both critical to the regime’s survival.”13 This was once again evident in the immediate wake of protests in 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. It continued throughout 2020-22, when the judiciary continued to weaponize “overly broad articles of the penal code to prosecute dissidents and minority ethnic groups”,14 and reached a peak in September to November 2022 with the violent suppression of nationwide protests that broke out following the state murder of Jina (Mahsa) Amini, a 23-year-old Kurdish woman in police custody.15 The ‘Woman, Life, Freedom’ protests have resulted in many death sentences and extrajudicial executions.16 Further concerns surround impartiality and the separation of powers. For example, judicial appointments are assigned by the Guardian Council, half of whom are elected by the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei. The Supreme Leader also directly appoints the Head of the Judiciary (Chief Justice), a post held by Ebhrahim Raisi from March 2019 to July 2021. During Raisi’s judicial tenure, there was a spike in political application of the death penalty, especially as a tool to suppress dissidence and oppositional politics. Now President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is clear that human rights bodies were right to be concernd that the death-penalty would be used as a tool of political suppression under his administration. This is especially due to Raisi’s central role in the executions of thousands of political prisoners in the 1980s, in addition to 2 BRIAN EGAN clamping down on mass-protests in 2009, 2019 and 2021 respectively.17 Evidently, the judiciary is a quintessentially political body, insofar as they serve the regime’s presiding interests and not the letter of the law. 1. Legal Background Iranian law follows, to certain extent, Shari’ā law, which can seemingly limit the potential for debating capital punishment in Iran. Michael Mumisa notes that “governments frequently use Shari’ā to justify why they retain and apply capital punishment, and this can seem to close discussion on the subject.”18 However, Mahmoud Cherif Bassiouni argues that “the existence of the death penalty for several crimes in Muslim states is a policy choice, but not one which is necessarily mandated by the Shari’ā.”19 Therefore some would argue that Iran’s decision to apply the death penalty with such fervour is fundamentally political, and not ideological or religious. The 2013 Islamic Penal Code contains three categories of offences pertaining to the death penalty: hudud, qisas and ta’zir offences. Hudud, or ‘fixed’ offences, are those which are specifically accounted for in Shari’ā with fixed and mandatory sentences that cannot be deviated from by a judge.20 Mumisa notes “since by their very definition hudud laws are believed to be ‘mandatory’ and ‘fixed’ by God Himself, there is very little, if any, room for the right to appeal to a higher court as enshrined in Article 14 (5) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).”21 In relation to foreign nationals, the hudud offences of Moharabeh (enmity against god),22 Efsad-e-fel-arz (corruption on earth)23 and Baghi (armed rebellion) are used extensively.24 Iranian case law has seen these levied at drugtraffickers, political opponents, foreign nationals accused of spying, members of opposition groups and minority activists in civil society.25 These offences are frequently leveraged to quash political dissidence. Qisas offences are akin to doctrines such as lex talionis, ‘retribution in kind’ or ‘an eye for an eye.’26 The death penalty arises where the offender’s conduct leads to the death of another, with the survivors of the victim having the right to claim retribution in kind, that is, the death of the offender. However, they could also choose to pardon the killer or accept compensatory ‘blood money’ (diya). Foreign nationals often lack the means and the social networks required to arrange and pay the qisas, further disadvantaging them. Ta’zir offences, or ‘discretionary punishments,’ are those crimes that haven’t been specifically provided for under Shari’ā law, but those which the judiciary consider to be against the State’s interests or against tenets of Shari’ā law generally.27 They can be decided by judicial discretion or by standalone legislation, such as military, economic or drug trafficking crimes. With reference to judicial discretion, Hoyle has found that “decision-making within discretionary systems is likely to be influenced by prejudice against people on the grounds of their race, religion or citizenship, with ‘non-citizens’ particularly disadvantaged.”28 This is evident in Iran, with various groups of ‘others’ disproportionately represented on death-row. 3 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES Figure 1: Graph indicating the initial decline in death sentencing for drug-related offences in the wake of the 2017 reform to the Anti-Narcotics Laws. Source: Iran Human Rights and Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM), Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran 2020 (2021). Until 2017, the majority of executions in the Islamic Republic of Iran were for drug-related offences. The reform to the Anti-Narcotics Laws rowed back on 1997 and 2011 revisions which had successively lowered the death-eligible minimumthresholds for drug trafficking. Since then, although the numbers of those executed for drug offences reduced in 2018-2020, in 2021 the number of people executed for drug offences rose again sharply. In 2021, at least 131 people (36%) were executed for drug offences, compared with 30 or fewer drug-related execution in each of the years from 2018-2020, 29 and the number of drug executions doubled [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/death-penalty-research-unit/dpru-research-paper-series ) [212] => Array ( [objectID] => 23668 [title] => Blaming it on the past: Usages of the Middle Ages in contemporary discourses of the death penalty in England [timestamp] => 1707091200 [date] => 05/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/blaming-it-on-the-past-usages-of-the-middle-ages-in-contemporary-discourses-of-the-death-penalty-in-england/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in December 2023.In popular, intellectual and political culture, the Middle Ages are intrinsically tied to violent images of public executions. To historians of the medieval period, this temporal attachment of the death penalty to a remote period is puzzling, especially since it is still widely enforced in the world today and was only relatively recently abolished in Europe. Capital punishment is not only a part of history, but a modern-day reality. Why, therefore, do we pin this punishment to the Middle Ages? This paper aims to analyse the discourses surrounding the usage of the Middle Ages in modern discussions on the death penalty, and to clarify medieval practices of capital punishment, showing how remote they are from our contemporary understanding [texte] => Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU) Research Papers DPRU Research Paper No. 2 December 2023 Blaming it on the past: Usages of the Middle Ages in contemporary discourses on the death penalty in England Héléna D.M. Lagréou* Introduction The Middle Ages are a historical period traditionally situated between the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and the end of the Granada War in 1492.1 Due to its thousand-year length, this period is naturally plural and has a heterogenous profile. However, today the Middle Ages are associated with a homogenously narrow perception. This contemporary image is synonymous with excessive violence, blind religious beliefs and feudal oppression.2 The Middle Ages have such a poor reputation that the term translates in contemporary times to a negative adjective. According to the Oxford Dictionary, the term medieval in its formal sense simply means related to the Middle Ages. However, informally the word means “resembling or likened to the Middle Ages, especially in being cruel, uncivilized, or primitive.”3 As such, our contemporary understanding of the medieval period is one of violence and brutality. This representation of the Middle Ages crystallises in particular around the theme of public executions. Indeed, in popular culture, whenever an artist seeks to temporally set a narrative, the medieval will translate to violent forms of capital punishment, acting as a signifier of time. Such examples can be found in British classics, like the Holy Grail film by the Monty Python comedy troupe.4 In an infamous scene, villagers request an execution because they believe a woman is a witch, simply “because she looks like one.”5 The townspeople’s demands are met following an absurd scene of logical reasoning at the gallows. Similarly, in Japan, the author of the manga book Berserk sets his tale in medieval Europe. To present the backstory of the main character named “Guts”, the author reveals the tale of his horrific birth. The scene takes place under a *PhD candidate in Medieval History at the University of Cambridge. Contact email: hdml2@cam.ac.uk 1 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES large hanging tree, where Guts is seen as a crying baby on the ground, after dropping from the womb of an executed woman.6 In the Umberto Eco novel The Name of The Rose, the narration takes a dramatic turn following an inquisitorial trial, where the lover of the narrator Adso is sentenced to the pyre for witchcraft.7 Such examples in popular culture are commonplace. The trope of the Middle Ages as the grand period of public executions also extends to political debates, or in news articles discussing capital punishment. Similarly, the descriptive “medieval” is particularly present in abolitionist essays. Namely, it is an essential point of discussion in the celebrated essays of Albert Camus in his fight against capital punishment.8 In such discourses, the perceived medieval nature of capital punishment is used as an argument against the practice. Consequently, in popular, intellectual and political culture, the Middle Ages are intrinsically tied to violent images of public executions. This temporal attachment of the death penalty to a remote period is puzzling, especially since it is still widely enforced in the world today and was only relatively recently abolished in Europe. The United Kingdom abolished the death penalty for murder in 1969, but only fully abolished it for all crimes in 1998.9 Capital punishment is not only a part of history, but a modern-day reality. Why, therefore, do we pin this punishment to the Middle Ages? As we will see below, this connection is confusing to the medievalist, as the death penalty was not a common judicial sentence. Consequently, this article aims to analyse the discourses surrounding the usage of the Middle Ages in modern discussions on the death penalty. Furthermore, it aims to clarify medieval practices of capital punishment and show how remote they are from our contemporary understanding. To do so, this article follows three points of analysis. First, to understand the uses of the Middle Ages in contemporary discourses on the death penalty, this paper presents a systematic analysis of the words “medieval”, “sentence” and “death penalty” in five of the major written news outlets of the United Kingdom. These news outlets are The Daily Mail, The Guardian, The Observer, The Telegraph and The Times, with articles dating from 191310 through to 2017.11 Second, this paper compares these contemporary views to a short survey of the practices of capital punishment in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. Finally, it explores the dangers that are inherent in comparing practices in the Middle Ages with today’s executions. 1. “A brutalising exercise of medieval barbarism”: 12 Capital punishment as a medieval practice in British newspapers From 1913 to 2017, journalists built two distinct narratives on the death penalty, which are dependent on geographical boundaries. If an article discusses matters within the United Kingdom, the narrative tied to the Middle Ages will be one of barbarism, whereas if the article is rooted outside of the United Kingdom, the narrative attached to the Middle Ages is one of ‘the Other’. Depending on a perceived cultural proximity, these narrative boundaries fluctuate. Although distinct, these two narratives are part of a coherent logic based on the perception of a country as either “civilised” or “uncivilised”. The civilised United Kingdom and the narrative of barbarism In the United Kingdom, the narrative of medieval barbarism is rooted in time, because three important dates sequence the coverage of the subject. In 1965, the death penalty was suspended 2 HÉLÉNA D.M. LAGRÉOU for murder and permanently abolished in 1969.13 Then, in 1998 it was abolished for all crimes, including piracy and treason.14 Although the death penalty in the United Kingdom is abolished, its reintroduction still occasionally crops up in political debates, and remains a matter of international importance.15 Within the scope of the review, the oldest news article within the dataset mentioning the death penalty as a medieval practice in the United Kingdom dates to 1913,16 and its latest occurrence is from 2010.17 Throughout the numerous policy changes on capital punishment in the United Kingdom, the narrative of barbarism remained stable. The meaning of medieval within this context is one of barbarism, because the United Kingdom presents itself as a particularly civilised country. Therefore, the discourse on capital punishment as medieval is one of a perceived dissociation between legal practices and national values. Hence, we can observe a dissonance between the moral values of the country and its criminal judicial system. This is particularly clear in an article in the Daily Mail written in 2000 which reflects a favourable sentiment towards the death penalty. This is a trend the author perceives in abolitionist discourse: “They will say Britain is now so civilised and 'modern' that it has become unthinkable to consider restoring a medieval practice such as the death penalty.”18 This sentiment is echoed in an abolitionist article from The Guardian of 1962 stating, “The gallows is a piece of medieval furniture completely out of place in a civilised modern society.”19 The narrative blending the United Kingdom and the Middle Ages is simple. The United Kingdom is a civilised country, namely a product of a sophisticated evolution over time. Thus, the fact that the country grew out of its medieval practices is portrayed as a sign of progress. This narrative relies on two questionable notions: the United Kingdom is a nation with a linear history, and its evolution in time follows a civilising trajectory of societal betterment. Therefore, here the Middle Ages are a negative archetype for comparison. Outside of the United Kingdom is the Other The dissonance with the progress of the civilised United Kingdom is thought to be reflected in the rest of the world. Outside of the United Kingdom, the narrative of medieval capital punishment is of diminishing otherness. In the civilised nation, the practices of the death penalty are incoherent, whereas they are “rationalised” outside of its borders: the death penalty is explained away by arguments of civilisational differences, which ultimately fail to render the universal tragedy of capital punishment. This provides an explanation to turn a blind eye to the human suffering involved in capital punishment where the explicit purpose is to create a journalistic spectacle. The roots of such voyeuristic indifference are inherently tied to a false cultural relativism commonly found in colonialist rhetoric.20 This perceived Otherness is gradual, depending on an idea of closeness to the country. On this scale of proximity, the most marginalised countries are within the African continent. In a 2004 Daily Mail article from Equatorial Guinea, the author offers an almost prurient description “… The scores of citizens with limps or missing limbs bear testimony to its medieval form of 'justice'. The death penalty is still enthusiastically enforced while the president himself is said - although it has never been proven - to devour the testicles of particularly clever or fearsome opponents in order to absorb their powers.”21 Here, the comparison to the Middle Ages is to augment a sense of Otherness, presenting a primitive culture with practices so 3 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES different from the United Kingdom that they are akin to their very distant and forgotten past. In this ranking, the following point on the scale of perceived civilisation is the Middle Eastern region. There, the Otherness lies in the link between the Middle Ages and religious beliefs as foundations for law. This sentiment is particularly clear within coverage of Iran. For example, in a 2010 article in The Times, the journalist describes his consternation about sentencing: “The regime exer [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/death-penalty-research-unit/dpru-research-paper-series ) [213] => Array ( [objectID] => 23666 [title] => Efforts towards abolition of the death penalty: Challenges and prospects [timestamp] => 1707091200 [date] => 05/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/efforts-towards-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-challenges-and-prospects/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in December 2023.This paper reflects on the role of international human rights treaties in promoting universal abolition and progressive restriction of the death penalty. It suggests that over the past quarter of a century a ‘new human rights dynamic’ has aimed to generate universal acceptance that however it is administered, the death penalty violates the human rights of all citizens exposed to it. Nevertheless, defences of capital punishment based on principles of national sovereignty are engrained in some parts of the world, particularly in Asia and the Middle East. The human rights project struggles to make inroads into such jurisdictions where political will is opposed to abolition, and trenchant protection of sovereignty threatens the very universality of these rights. [texte] => Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU) Research Papers DPRU Research Paper No. 1 December 2023 Efforts towards abolition of the death penalty: Challenges and prospects Professor Carolyn Hoyle* Introduction Capital punishment was entrenched around the world until the late eighteenth century, regarded as an effective measure to control the masses for minor to the most serious offences. In some jurisdictions, executions were considerably rarer than death sentences, as there were many commutations, but the threat of death hung over most criminals, including juveniles, following erratic and unfair justice processes. Methods of execution were gruesome and tended to include additional torture and mutilations, with executions often carried out in public. Efforts towards reform came with the European Enlightenment. Montesquieu denounced extreme punishments, with an uncompromising call for proportionality in sentencing that resonates still.1 But it is Beccaria who transformed views on capital punishment. In 1764, his treatise, On Crimes and Punishments, disparaged the lack of consistency and fairness in the criminal process, dismissing the death penalty as inhumane, ineffective and disproportionate.2 Reformers secured abolition in a few American states3 in the mid nineteenth century, followed by a handful of countries in Europe and South America, but progress was slow.4 Following the atrocities of the Second World War, impetus for countries to consider the human rights of their citizens came from the establishment of the United Nations, particularly the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (ECHR),5 and from the European Convention on Human Rights, adopted in 1950.6 But by 1965, there were still only 25 abolitionist countries, just ten more than when these conventions were adopted. And these were *Director of the Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU), University of Oxford. Contact email: dpru@crim.ox.ac.uk 1 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES mostly Western European, suggesting that the introduction of human rights agreements alone could not trigger a revolution in punishment regimes. This paper reflects on the role of international human rights treaties in promoting universal abolition and progressive restriction of the death penalty. Building on my work with Roger Hood,7 it suggests that over the past quarter of a century a ‘new human rights dynamic’ has aimed to generate universal acceptance that however it is administered, the death penalty violates the human rights of all citizens exposed to it. This is the normative framework of international human rights law. Nevertheless, principles of national sovereignty are engrained in some parts of the world, particularly in Asia and the Middle East. This is the view that each nation has the unchallengeable sovereign right to determine its own criminal justice and penal policies according to its own cultural, social and political imperatives and that in so doing, they will not be swayed by obligations or expectations from beyond their borders. Within the framework of sovereignty, they then justify retention of the death penalty as a repressive penal tool, by drawing on either utilitarian rationales, such as its purported deterrent efficacy, or the cultural preferences and expectations of their citizens. And the human rights project struggles to make inroads into such jurisdictions where political will is opposed to abolition, and trenchant protection of sovereignty threatens the very universality of these rights. Treaties are only partly effective because they need to be promulgated to have an impact, and some countries will resist this. Yet it is also true that treaties have been somewhat equivocal on the question of the death penalty. 1. Interpreting an abstract right to life The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed that “Everyone has the right to life”8 and “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment”,9 but it was not explicit that these provisions should include those convicted of offences subject to capital punishment in retentionist states. Similarly, the ECHR embodied these same principles10 but provided an exception to the right to life as regards capital punishment.11 This clearly left the question of whether or not to abolish the death penalty to national governments. The 2004 Arab Charter on Human Rights12 allows the imposition of the death penalty, demonstrating strong fidelity to the sovereignty of national laws. Conversely, the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights prohibits a state party from arbitrarily depriving someone of the right to life.13 And the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights’ ‘Resolution on the Right to Life in Africa’ (2017)14 urged states parties that have established a moratorium on executions to take steps towards the abolition of the death penalty, and those states parties that have not abolished the death penalty to immediately establish a moratorium on executions. Drafted in the late 1950s, when few countries had embraced abolition, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) presented a clear compromise between the rather abstract right to life of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the reality of disparate criminal justice practices around the world.15 Article 6(1), which declared that “Every human being has an inherent right to life”, was qualified by the phrase “No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life”. The UN Human Rights Committee has interpreted this to mean that no one shall be sentenced to death without a fair 2 CAROLYN HOYLE trial, as guaranteed by Article 14 of the Covenant, not that no one shall be sentenced to death at all.16 Commitment to abolition as a universal goal has been invigorated by the ICCPR and other international and regional treaties promoting human rights. Almost all countries that still enforce the death penalty by executions, as well as those that have yet to abolish it in law but are abolitionist in practice, have ratified the ICCPR (Saudi Arabia and Singapore are among the few that have not). While they are not obliged to abolish the death penalty, they have made a commitment to abide by the standards it sets, a commitment that should contribute to the progressive restriction of the death penalty. 2. The role of human rights in the progressive restriction of capital punishment While the right to life is not absolute, and retentionist states can continue to apply the death penalty, they can do so only in a non-arbitrary manner, and only for the most serious crimes, a point frequently reiterated by the UN Human Rights Committee.17 Death sentences following legal proceedings that violated domestic laws of criminal procedure or evidence would generally be unlawful and arbitrary.18 The ICCPR and the UN Economic and Social Council’s Safeguards Guaranteeing Protection of the Rights of those Facing the Death Penalty19 prohibit the arbitrary deprivation of life where countries do not abide by the standards that guarantee a fair trial, the presumption of innocence and a fair opportunity for defendants to answer the charges brought against them before a duly constituted court. Even without ratification of the ICCPR, countries are expected to abide by the Safeguards and are subject to the Universal Periodic Review process, carried out through the UN Human Rights Council, to measure their compliance with human rights obligations; a process that invigorates the human rights dynamic. However, notwithstanding improvements in due process protections around the world, each UN Secretary-General’s Annual and Quinquennial reports on the death penalty show that in many retentionist states these safeguards are often breached and, in consequence, innocent people, as well as those who – within the laws of the country – do not ‘deserve’ the death penalty, are sentenced to death and executed.20 Efforts at securing categorical exemptions have proven to be more effective. The Safeguards have progressively restricted the death penalty by excluding certain ‘vulnerable’ persons: those under the age of 18 at the time of the crime, pregnant women or new mothers, persons who have become insane and, since the Safeguards were revised in 1989, older persons and those suffering from limited mental competence. Few retentionist countries ignore these particular restrictions, though reports suggest that in the past decade, juveniles have been executed in Iran and Pakistan.21 Abolition of the mandatory death penalty Human rights treaties have assisted efforts at progressive restriction of the death penalty by framing challenges to the constitutionality of mandatory sentencing, first in the US,22 then in India.23 The mandatory death penalty has been determined by international law to be arbitrary in nature.24 As Parvais Jabbar has noted: The compulsory imposition of sentence of death is seen as an arbitrary deprivation of life and an inhuman punishment; it violates an individual’s right to a fair trial because offenders are deprived of the opportunity 3 DPRU RESEARCH PAPER SERIES to mitigate their sentences and the courts are prohibited from determining them. In short, constraining discretion in this way is inconsistent with notions of fairness and repugnant to the concepts of humanity.25 The Death Penalty Project challenged mandatory death sentences in the Commonwealth Caribbean in the early years of the new millennium, establishing their incompatibility with fundamental human rights.26 Their successful constitutional challenge to the mandatory death penalty in Uganda, in 2003, drew on this jurisprudence. Susan Kigula27 was the lead applicant in that case, but it was filed on behalf of everybody on death row in Uganda at the time, some 417 prisoners. The Constitutional Court struck down the mandatory death penalty as in violation of fundamental human rights and gave the government two years to resentence everyone on death row. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/death-penalty-research-unit/dpru-research-paper-series ) [214] => Array ( [objectID] => 23664 [title] => Women and The Death Penalty in Kenya: Essays on the Gendered Perspective of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1706832000 [date] => 02/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/women-and-the-death-penalty-in-kenya-essays-on-the-gendered-perspective-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This publication seeks to make visible the gender and intersectional discrimination faced by women in the judicial process leading to the death penalty. Through the various articlesin this publication, the authors bring to light the reality of women facing the death penalty through a different lens.The first author, Shekinah Bright Kiting'a, in making a compelling case for abolition of the death penalty, explores how the death penalty uniquely affects women in the context of motherhood. Further, she highlights the rights and well-being of the children affected by their mothers' death sentences, revealing flaws in our legal and ethical systems. With the overall aim of advocating for its abolition due to its significant impact on both parenthood and children's rights, her article seeks to push for reforms that honour motherhood and prioritize children's well-being in these difficult circumstances. Kenaya Komba dissects gender disparity in the judicial system by exploring the intersection of domestic violence and the death penalty. In making a case for a restorative approach to justice, her article analyses the impact of capital punishment on victims of domestic violence and the systemic injustice and biases they continue to grapple with. Her elaborate analysis of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 and the Protection Against Domestic Violence Act, 2016, highlights the urgent need for reform in the legal system. While Analyzing the role the media plays in shaping perceptions of women on death row, Patricia Chepkirui evaluates the implications of positive and negative media portrayals of such women by highlighting the ethical responsibilities of media in the coverage of women on death row cases. The article ultimately underscores the significance of responsiblemedia coverage in ensuring that media exposure of cases of women on death row is fair,balanced, and respectful of their rights and dignity. Alex Tamei delves into the intricacies of abuse, gender-based violence, and trauma as mitigating factors in death penalty sentencing for women. His article comparatively analyses two Kenyan cases of murder in retaliation to intimate partner violence, seeking to shed light on the plight of victims of gender-based violence. The article effortlessly brings out the nexus between the death penalty and intimate partner violence and makessolid recommendations for change. The fifth author, Patience Chepchirchir, delves into the nexus between psychological abuse and provocation. Through her article, she brings out the scope of psychological abuse while focusing on the linkage between emotional abuse and provocation and how the same can be considered as mitigating factors. Through an elaborate analysis of case law, she makes a case for psychological abuse of women as a mitigating circumstance during sentencing.Stella Cherono’s article reflects on the intersectional discrimination faced by women in the criminal trial process leading to death row. The article highlights the complex and overlapping forms of discrimination women experience during the pretrial, trial and sentencing stages. Through her comprehensive analysis of gendered pathways to offending and imprisonment, she challenges how society perceives discrimination. Loraine Koskei Interrogates the emerging jurisprudence on Intimate Partner Violence.Her article lays out the gendered factor in the commissioning and sentencing of women convicted of murder and offers possible recommendations. [texte] => WOMEN AND THE DEATHPENALTY IN KENYAEssays on the Gendered Perspec�veof the Death PenaltyWOMEN AND THE DEATHPENALTY IN KENYAEssays on the Gendered Perspectiveof the Death PenaltyDesign layout by:Ndolo AndersonLead Graphics Designer- ICJ KenyaPublished by :The Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya)ICJ Kenya House, Off Silanga Road, KarenP.O. Box 59743 - 00200, Nairobi, KenyaEmail: info@icj-kenya.orgWebsite: https://icj-kenya.orgDisclaimerAll rights reserved. This material may be copyrighted but may be produced by any methodwithout change for any educational purposes, provided that the source is acknowledged.For copying in other circumstances, or for reproduction in other publications, prior writtenpermission must be obtained from the copyright owner and a fee may be charged.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya) is profoundlygrateful to all individuals who contributed to the successful production of this publication.In particular, we wish to thank Shekinah Bright Kiting'a, Kenaya Komba, Patricia Chepkirui,Alex Tamei, Stella Cherono, Patience Chepchirchir, and Loraine Koskei for their contributionto authoring this publication. This would not have been possible without their collectivededication and support.ICJ Kenya acknowledges Elsy C. Sainna- Executive Director, for providing policy directionsin developing this publication. We also thank Vincent Kimathi, Programme Manager, andDamaris Kemunto, Programme Officer, for their critical role in conceptualizing the womenand the death penalty project.We also thank and appreciate the Dean of Kabarak University School of Law, Prof. JohnOsogo Ambani and the team at Kabarak University School of Law for their contributionsand dedication to ensuring this publication was finalized. In addition, we thank StellaCherono, Student Editor, for editing the first draft of the articles and Loraine Koskei forcoordinating the project between Kabarak and ICJ Kenya.Finally, this publication is made possible with the support of the World Coalition Againstthe Death Penalty with grants from Belgium, Canada and the EU, for which ICJ Kenya ismost grateful.Signed,Elsy C. SainnaExecutive DirectorICJ Kenya.4TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................4EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................6AUTHORS BIO’s...................................................................................................8MATERNAL AGONY: THE IMPACT OF THE DEATH PENALTY ON WOMENAND THEIR FAMILIES..........................................................................................9REIMAGINING JUSTICE: DEATH PENALTY AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCEAGAINST WOMEN IN KENYA..............................................................................16THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN SHAPING PERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN ON DEATHROW.....................................................................................................................21GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: AN ANALYSIS OF MITIGATING FACTORS INDEATH PENALTY SENTENCING FOR WOMEN................................................30GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: THE NEXUS BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICALABUSE AND PROVOCATION..............................................................................36WOMEN AND THE DEATH PENALTY: INTERSECTIONAL DISCRIMINATIONIN THE JUDICIAL PROCESS..............................................................................41JUSTICE UNDER SCRUTINY: INTERROGATING EMERGING JURISPRU-DENCE ON INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND THE DEATH PENALTY INKENYA.................................................................................................................45LIST OF CASES...................................................................................................48REFERENCES......................................................................................................495EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis publication seeks to make visible the gender and intersectional discrimination facedby women in the judicial process leading to the death penalty. Through the various articlesin this publication, the authors bring to light the reality of women facing the death penaltythrough a different lens.The first author, Shekinah Bright Kiting'a, in making a compelling case for abolition of thedeath penalty, explores how the death penalty uniquely affects women in the context ofmotherhood. Further, she highlights the rights and well-being of the children affected bytheir mothers' death sentences, revealing flaws in our legal and ethical systems. With theoverall aim of advocating for its abolition due to its significant impact on both parenthoodand children's rights, her article seeks to push for reforms that honour motherhood andprioritize children's well-being in these difficult circumstances.Kenaya Komba dissects gender disparity in the judicial system by exploring the intersectionof domestic violence and the death penalty. In making a case for a restorative approachto justice, her article analyses the impact of capital punishment on victims of domesticviolence and the systemic injustice and biases they continue to grapple with. Her elaborateanalysis of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 and the Protection Against Domestic ViolenceAct, 2016, highlights the urgent need for reform in the legal system.While Analyzing the role the media plays in shaping perceptions of women on death row,Patricia Chepkirui evaluates the implications of positive and negative media portrayals ofsuch women by highlighting the ethical responsibilities of media in the coverage of wom-en on death row cases. The article ultimately underscores the significance of responsiblemedia coverage in ensuring that media exposure of cases of women on death row is fair,balanced, and respectful of their rights and dignity.Alex Tamei delves into the intricacies of abuse, gender-based violence, and trauma asmitigating factors in death penalty sentencing for women. His article comparativelyanalyses two Kenyan cases of murder in retaliation to intimate partner violence, seekingto shed light on the plight of victims of gender-based violence. The article effortlesslybrings out the nexus between the death penalty and intimate partner violence and makessolid recommendations for change.The fifth author, Patience Chepchirchir, delves into the nexus between psychological abuseand provocation. Through her article, she brings out the scope of psychological abusewhile focusing on the linkage between emotional abuse and provocation and how thesame can be considered as mitigating factors. Through an elaborate analysis of case law,she makes a case for psychological abuse of women as a mitigating circumstance duringsentencing.Stella Cherono’s article reflects on the intersectional discrimination faced by women in thecriminal trial process leading to death row. The article highlights the complex and overlap-ping forms of discrimination women experience during the pretrial, trial and sentencingstages. Through her comprehensive analysis of gendered pathways to offending and im-prisonment, she challenges how society perceives discrimination.6Loraine Koskei Interrogates the emerging jurisprudence on Intimate Partner Violence.Her article lays out the gendered factor in the commissioning and sentencing of womenconvicted of murder and offers possible recommendations.78AUTHORS’ BIOGRAPHYShekinah Bright- The author is a dedicated law student at Kabarak University's Schoolof Law with a profound interest in human rights, mainly focusing on law's impact onmarginalised groups. She actively engages in conversations to explore innovative ways toadvocate for and advance the rights of those often overlooked by society.Kenaya Komba- The author is an international undergraduate law student at KabarakUniversity. She is a trainee Editor of the Kabarak Law Review and holds the position ofDirector of Communications for Amnesty International Kabarak Chapter. Passionateabout justice, her research interests are human rights and conflict resolution.Patricia Chepkirui - The author is a Kabarak University School of Law undergraduate. Shealso works as a research assistant and serves as the Managing Editor of the Kabarak LawReview. Her research interests include human rights law and international law.Alex Tamei- As a driven and creative individual, the author is pursuing a law degree whilegaining valuable experience as an Editorial Intern at Kabarak University Press. Possessinga passion for writing and the arts, he consistently explores new ways to express himselfand contribute to the community. Whether engaged in legal research, crafting compellingcontent, or pursuing artistic endeavours, he is passionate about learning and growing.Patience Chepchirchir- The author is pursuing her undergraduate degree in law at Kabarakuniversity. Her research interests include human rights and law's impact on marginalisedcommunities, with a keen interest in women. Through activism and social commentary,she seeks to promote conversations on the much-hushed areas where the law and societyintersect.Stella Cherono- The author is in the final year of her LLB undergraduate studies at KabarakUniversity. She is passionate about promoting social justice and equal rights for marginal-ised groups, and this paper is an excellent start in contributing towards that.Loraine Koskei -The author is a finalist at Kabarak University School of Law awaitinggraduation. She is currently a graduate assistant at the Kabarak University Press. Herinterests are in women's rights, gender equality, leadership and governance, and shehopes to make a difference in Kenya and Africa.MATERNAL AGONY: THE IMPACT OF THE DEATH PENALTY ONWOMEN AND THEIR FAMILIESShekinah Bright Kiting'a*1. IntroductionThe death penalty sparks heated debate, yet there's a vital aspect often overlooked: itsimpact on women, especially mothers [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Gender [3] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://icj-kenya.org/news/sdm_downloads/women-and-the-death-penalty-in-kenya/ ) [215] => Array ( [objectID] => 23661 [title] => The Physician in the Execution Chamber: No Such Thing as the Normal Pain of Dying [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-physician-in-the-execution-chamber-no-such-thing-as-the-normal-pain-of-dying/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in October 2023.For capital punishment to be lawful in the United States of America, it must occur without cruelty, a requirement of the traditional reading of the Eighth Amendment. There has never been a consensus on what form of execution is cruel, although some historic practices are shockingly barbaric to modern sensibilities— I think of the “draw and quarter” technique. The family of the murdered victim may fairly argue that the murderous behavior should be the minimum degree of cruelty meted out. But western countries eschew that standard and seek moderate forms, partly to deter by punishment and partly as a forfeit of the murderer’s life for the victim’s life when execution is allowed in that state. Certainly, there is substantial support for continuation of execution in states that allow it. The judges must be respectful of that, but still, they must respect the 8th amendment. At present, the prevalent method of execution in the United States is “lethal injection” using injectable medicines in very high doses that are repurposed to kill the prisoner. Because it is impossible to ask an executed individual about the cruelty experienced during their own death, the state instead relies on the empathy of witnesses to gauge the cruelty of a prisoner’s execution. Lethal injection was expected to be a bloodless execution and aimed to eliminate the visible appearance of cruelty, sometimes through the use of a paralytic. [texte] => 307THE PHYSICIAN IN THE EXECUTION CHAMBER: NO SUCHTHING AS THE NORMAL PAIN OF DYINGJ OEL ZIVOT*ABSTRACT:For capital punishment to be lawful in the United States of Amer-ica, it must occur without cruelty, a requirement of the traditionalreading of the Eighth Amendment. There has never been a consensuson what form of execution is cruel, although some historic practicesare shockingly barbaric to modern sensibilities— I think of the “drawand quarter” technique. The family of the murdered victim may fairlyargue that the murderous behavior should be the minimum degree ofcruelty meted out. But western countries eschew that standard andseek moderate forms, partly to deter by punishment and partly as aforfeit of the murderer’s life for the victim’s life when execution is al-lowed in that state. Certainly, there is substantial support for continu-ation of execution in states that allow it. The judges must be respectfulof that, but still, they must respect the 8th amendment. At present, theprevalent method of execution in the United States is “lethal injec-tion” using injectable medicines in very high doses that are repur-posed to kill the prisoner. Because it is impossible to ask an executedindividual about the cruelty experienced during their own death, thestate instead relies on the empathy of witnesses to gauge the cruelty ofa prisoner’s execution. Lethal injection was expected to be a bloodlessexecution and aimed to eliminate the visible appearance of cruelty,sometimes through the use of a paralytic. Some judges mistakenly* Joel B. Zivot, MD, FRCP(C), MA, JM is a board certified in anesthesiologyfrom the Royal College of Physicians of Canada and the American Board of Anes-thesiology. He is also board certified in Critical Care Medicine from The AmericanBoard of Anesthesiology. He holds a Master of Bioethics and a Juris Master. He hasbeen in clinical practice for 28 years and is estimated to have cared for approximate-ly 50,000 patients in operating rooms and intensive care units.1Zivot: The Physician in the Execution Chamber: No Such Thing as the NormPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023308 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53claim that pain is always associated with death—a legal fiction that isunknown to physicians— justifying the pain of execution and takingfalse comfort in the error that death by capital punishment cannot bemade more pain free. When an execution does not appear outwardlycruel to witnesses, the state has claimed the prisoner’s inward experi-ence must also not be cruel. However, convincing evidence that willbe referred within this paper shows that the state’s use of lethal injec-tion medicine to render executions outwardly painless and bloodlessis not free from cruelty. The outward appearance of peace during aprisoner’s execution very likely does not accurately reflect the inter-nal agony of lethal injection. The drug cocktail used during lethal in-jection commonly causes lung congestion that shares the characteris-tics of death by drowning and is commonly seen on autopsiesperformed on executed prisoners. Drowning is believed to be a painfuldeath, possibly made more cruel to one who has also been paralyzed.Lethal injection requires prison personnel to successfully start anintravenous line, which is increasingly beyond the capacity of execu-tion teams. In the recent case of the execution of Joe Nathan James bythe State of Alabama, the autopsy revealed he had been subjected totortuous attempts at establishing an intravenous line, including theperformance of an unauthorized “cut-down.” The State of Alabamaalso attempted and failed to establish intravenous access in both AllanEugene Miller and Kevin Eugen Smith. Both men survived and de-scribed a harrowing scene of being strapped to a table while multipleintravenous attempts were made in both arms and legs and finally giv-ing up because the death warrant had expired. As an alternative to le-thal injection, the state of Alabama is advancing execution by nitrogengas, so called “nitrogen hypoxia,” in another attempt to mollify wit-nesses and bloodlessly kill. At the time of this writing, no state hasused nitrogen gas for this purpose. Modern medicines are designed tobe ineffective killers. Moreover, lethal injection is incompatible withthe oath that binds doctors to be non-maleficent and beneficent. Whilethe state passes laws and protocols to shield complicit doctors andprovide exculpatory cover in assisting with lethal injection, lethal in-jection is not a medical act. Medicine and doctors should have no partin executions. In this paper, I offer a better understanding of how le-thal injection is not a pathway to non-cruel execution. I explain whatlethal injection does and does not do to the body and why the state ofAlabama is considering as an alternative the use of inert gases like ni-2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 3https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/32023] NO S UCH THING AS THE NORMAL P AIN OF DYING 309trogen. I will discuss why the use of nitrogen gas may fail to causedeath without cruelty and should not be the state’s replacement for le-thal injection. Finally, this paper will explain why the state should notuse medicine or the medical profession to carry out capital punish-ment.In the United States, several methods of lawful execution havebeen utilized, including execution by hanging, firing squad, electrocu-tion, and various versions of the gas chamber.1 In 1977 OklahomaState medical examiner Jay Chapman proposed a new method of exe-cution that utilized the tools of medicine and began with the estab-lishment of an intravenous saline drip in the arm of a prisoner.2 Acombination of medications, now repurposed as poisons, were injectedin a sequence, and the resulting combination of the injected chemicalscaused death.3In this early version of the lethal injection, the first drug injectedwas sodium thiopental,4 which is no longer available because of itsuse in execution.5 This compound is within the class of drugs knownas a barbiturate and was traditionally used at the beginning of a gen-eral anesthetic procedure.6 As an anesthesiologist and intensivist run-1. Methods of Execution, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions/methods-of-execution (last visited Mar. 2, 2023) (lethal injectionremains the preferred method of execution in all states in the modern era).2. Max Kutner, Meet A. Jay Chapman, “Father of the Lethal Injection”,N EWSWEEK (Apr. 1, 2017, 2:09 PM), https://www.newsweek.com/jay-chapman-inventor-lethal-injection-arkansas-592506 (Jay Chapman was a forensic pathologistand copied his method of execution from an anesthetic induction).3. Overview of Lethal Injection Protocols, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR .,https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions/lethal-injection/overview-of-lethal-injection-protocols (last visited Mar. 2, 2023).4. Sodium Thiopental, Use Me To Save lives, Not Cause Death, What Mole-cule Am I?, AM . CHEMISTRY S OC ’Y (Jan. 4, 2016), https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/s/sodium-thiopental.html.5. Chris McGreal, Lethal Injection Drug Production Ends in the US, Sole USSodium Thiopental Manufacturer, Hospira, Has Ceased Manufacturing the DrugUsed in Administering Death Penalties, T HE G UARDIAN (Jan. 23, 2011),https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/23/lethal-injection-sodium-thiopental-hospira.6. Vedat Çakırtekin et al., Comparison of the Effects of Thiopental Sodium andPropofol on Haemodynamics, Awareness and Newborns During Caesarean Section3Zivot: The Physician in the Execution Chamber: No Such Thing as the NormPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023310 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53ning intensive care units, I am familiar with the traditional medical useof these drugs. Anesthesiologists refer to the beginning of a generalanesthetic as an induction, and sodium thiopental was the classical in-duction agent. Once injected, sodium thiopental rapidly produced astate of stupor and unresponsiveness.7 However, sodium thiopental isnot a pain reliever per se.8 Still, when dosed correctly, in most cases,it creates a reduced state of awareness to a sufficient degree thatwould permit the introduction of other procedures that might be pain-ful.9 Sodium thiopental buffered the transition from induction to anes-thetic maintenance. When injected in large quantities, sodium thiopen-tal, can affect the strength of the heart’s contraction. In an extremecase, the blood pressure and strength of circulation can fall to thepoint of fatality.10 This characteristic made it useful in state execu-tions and was adapted for executions by administering a massiveoverdose.The second injected chemical was pancuronium bromide.11 Thisdrug causes paralysis of the muscles of movement and the muscles ofbreathing.12 If given alone, a state of generalized paralysis would en-sue, but there would be no interruption of awareness or the control ofpain.13 An individual paralyzed with pancuronium bromide would beawake and aware but unable to communicate and breathe. If pancu-Under General Anaesthesia, 43 T URK. J. OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY & REANIMATION106 (2015), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4917150/.7. Pentothal Prescribing Information, D RUGS, https://www.drugs.com/pro/pentothal.html#:~:text=Pentothal%20 (last updated Apr. 21, 2022).8. Id.9. Id.10. Id.11. Michael F. Roizen & Thomas W. Feeley, Drugs Five Years Later: Pancu-ronium Bromide, 88(1) ANNALS OF I NTERNAL M ED. 64 (1978), https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.7326/0003-4819-88-1-64 (pancuronium bromide is a drugthat works by occupying a binding site at the neuromuscular junction thereby block-ing the natural chemical, acetylcholine, that would otherwise cause a muscle to con-tract. This drug is in the same class as the drug curare, also called D-tubocurare,which was the first paralytic used in anesthesia. It has since been replaced by neweragen [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/3/ ) [216] => Array ( [objectID] => 23659 [title] => American Death Penalty Exceptionalism, Then and Now [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/american-death-penalty-exceptionalism-then-and-now/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in October 2023. The most commonly observed fact of American capital punishment is its present outlier status: the United States (U.S.) is the only developed Western democracy that retains the death penalty, and it does so not simply as a matter of law, but as a matter of practice, conducting numerous executions every year. This “exceptionalism” with respect to the death penalty is noteworthy, but focusing on present-day American retention obscures many additional aspects of American death penalty exceptionalism. This Keynote will trace several ways in which the American death penalty was an outlier at its founding and throughout its subsequent history, as well as the varied aspects of its exceptionalism today. I will conclude by predicting that U.S. exceptionalism will soon come to an end–with an “exceptional” form of death penalty abolition, traceable to the distinctive path of the American death penalty [texte] => 291CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONALLAW JOURNALVOLUME 53 SPRING 2023 NUMBER 2AMERICAN DEATH P ENALTY EXCEPTIONALISM ,T HEN AND NOWJ ORDAN S TEIKER*TABLE OF C ONTENTSI. EXCEPTIONALISM THEN ............................................................ 292II. EXCEPTIONALISM NOW ............................................................ 298III. C ONCLUSION ............................................................................ 304The most commonly observed fact of American capital punishmentis its present outlier status: the United States (U.S.) is the only devel-oped Western democracy that retains the death penalty, and it does sonot simply as a matter of law, but as a matter of practice, conductingnumerous executions every year.This “exceptionalism” with respect to the death penalty is note-worthy, but focusing on present-day American retention obscuresmany additional aspects of American death penalty exceptionalism.This Keynote will trace several ways in which the American deathpenalty was an outlier at its founding and throughout its subsequenthistory, as well as the varied aspects of its exceptionalism today. I willconclude by predicting that U.S. exceptionalism will soon come to anend–with an “exceptional” form of death penalty abolition, traceableto the distinctive path of the American death penalty.* Judge Robert M. Parker Endowed Chair in Law, Co-Director, Capital Pun-ishment Center, The University of Texas School of Law.1Steiker: American Death Penalty Exceptionalism, Then and NowPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023292 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53I. EXCEPTIONALISM THENLet me first highlight some less frequently observed aspects ofAmerican death penalty exceptionalism, beginning with the country’searly history. At our founding, several leading political and intellectu-al leaders voiced skepticism about the death penalty, though it was anentrenched practice both here and abroad. These leaders were influ-enced by Cesare Beccaria’s pathbreaking abolitionist arguments,1published in the decade before our Revolution in his now-famoustract, “On Crimes and Punishment.”2Beccaria emphasized both pragmatic and profound objections tothe death penalty, asking, for example, “What right . . . have men tocut the throats of their fellow-creatures?”3 Beccaria insisted that thedeath penalty was neither necessary nor useful, doubting that a publicmurder by the state would yield significant deterrence (and worrying itmight do the reverse–an early version of the argument about the deathpenalty’s “brutalization effect”).4 He also believed that the state couldnot claim the power to execute via social contract theory, as individu-als lack the right to forfeit their own lives and thus cannot relinquishtheir right to life to the state.5Dr. Benjamin Rush, an influential statesman of the founding erawho signed the Declaration of Independence and led the effort to rati-fy the Constitution in Pennsylvania, embraced Beccaria’s argumentsand urged the end of capital punishment.6 James Madison likewisequestioned the wisdom of capital punishment, suggesting that hewould welcome decisions by states to abandon the practice.7 ThomasJefferson sought to limit the reach of the death penalty in Virginia, in-1. For an excellent discussion of Beccaria’s influence on the American found-ing generation, see John D. Bessler, Revisiting Beccaria’s Vision: The Enlighten-ment, America’s Death Penalty, and the Abolition Movement, 4 N W. J. L. & SOC .P OL. 195 (2009).2. CESARE B ECCARIA, A N E SSAY ON CRIMES AND P UNISHMENTS (1872)(ebook).3. Id. at 51.4. Id. at 53.5. Id. at 51.6. See Bessler, supra note 1, at 209–10.7. J OHN D. B ESSLER , CRUEL AND U NUSUAL: T HE AMERICAN D EATH P ENALTYAND THE FOUNDERS’ E IGHTH AMENDMENT 158 (2012).2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 2https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/22023] AMERICAN D EATH P ENALTY EXCEPTIONALISM 293fluenced in part by Beccaria’s insistence on “proportionate” punish-ments. Jefferson later embraced Beccaria’s position regarding “the un-rightfulness and inefficacy” of punishing crimes by death.8These founding leaders were not alone in the world in embracingmany of Beccaria’s concerns about the death penalty.9 Bentham, forexample, was enormously influenced by Beccaria.10 However, theUnited States was unusual, if not “exceptional,” in having significantreservations about the death penalty at its founding and in two relatedrespects: (1) the country’s founding creed, voiced in the Declarationof Independence maintains that individuals are endowed with a God-given inalienable right to life; and (2) these reservations quickly be-came the basis for significant narrowing of the death penalty beforesuch narrowing became commonplace in other countries.11How significant is the claim in the Declaration of Independencethat it is self-evident that “man is endowed by his Creator with certaininalienable rights,” among them “[l]ife, [l]iberty, and the pursuit ofhappiness?” This language, though likely not intended as a rebuke ofthe death penalty, provides the ingredients of a quite modern versionof the “human rights” ground for abolition: the Beccaria notion thatthe right to life is “God-given,” “inalienable,” and thus outside of thepowers states legitimately can possess. Although the Declaration ofIndependence does not have the same legal force as the Constitution,it occupies a central role in this country’s political culture and self-image. It is not accidental that President Lincoln, insisting in his Get-tysburg Address that our country was “conceived in liberty” and “ded-icated to the proposition that all men are created equal,” dated thesecommitments back to the Declaration of Independence (“four scoreand seven years ago”) rather than to our 1789 Constitution (which wasnotably less committed to equality, especially in its concessions toslavery).Perhaps more importantly, skepticism about the death penalty inthe founding era yielded real-world, concrete results. Dr. Rush’s em-brace of Beccaria contributed to the effort in Pennsylvania, in the late8. See Bessler, supra note 1, at 212–15.9. B ESSLER , supra note 7, at 43–47.10. Id. at 48.11. C AROL S. S TEIKER & J ORDAN M. STEIKER , COURTING D EATH: T HE SU-PREME COURT AND C APITAL P UNISHMENT 9–10 (2016).3Steiker: American Death Penalty Exceptionalism, Then and NowPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023294 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53eighteenth century, to limit the reach of the death penalty.12 Pennsyl-vania’s innovative effort to divide murder into degrees was explicitlydesigned to make even some murders punishable by sentences lessthan death–a striking contrast to England’s “bloody code,” which au-thorized the death penalty for a wide range of crimes, including suchoffenses as theft from a rabbit warren.13 The Pennsylvania restrictionof the death penalty to murders in the first degree spread quickly toother states, with the net result that many states essentially punishedonly murder (and not even all murder) with death by the mid-nineteenth century.14At the same time, the American death penalty was more robust inthe American South.15 The varying availability and use of the deathpenalty throughout the U.S. was attributable to another central aspectof American death penalty exceptionalism: American federalism. Ourfederal structure leaves decisions about crime and punishment to eachof the states. Although there is a federal criminal code (which includesthe death penalty), the federal government punishes crimes only wherethere is a distinct federal interest, leaving the definition of, and pun-ishment for, ordinary crimes to the states. As a result, American juris-dictions were outliers with respect to the death penalty in bothdirections during the antebellum period. On the one hand, two Ameri-can states–Michigan and Wisconsin–were among the first jurisdictionsin the world to permanently abolish capital punishment, having doneso more than 160 years ago.16 These vanguards of abolition compli-cate the story of the U.S. as “exceptional” in its present-day retentionof capital punishment.On the other hand, the American South was an outlier in the otherdirection. Not only did Southern states retain the death penalty, butthey also practiced a particularly brutal and racialized version of thepunishment.17 Under the infamous slave codes, slave states made awide variety of offenses punishable by death, but only when commit-12. Id. at 10–11.13. See History of the Death Penalty: Early History of the Death Penalty,D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/history-of-the-death-penalty/early-history-of-the-death-penalty (last visited Apr. 5, 2023).14. See S TEIKER & S TEIKER , supra note 11, at 11.15. Id. at 17–19.16. Id. at 22.17. Id. at 17–24.4California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 2https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/22023] AMERICAN D EATH P ENALTY EXCEPTIONALISM 295ted by a slave (or a free person of color), and only when the victimwas white.18 In antebellum Virginia, for example, whites could re-ceive the death penalty for four crimes, whereas slaves were subject toover sixty capital offenses.19 Slave states also made the death penaltyavailable for threats to slavery itself, such as encouraging escape orinsurrection–and reserved particularly dramatic and painful modes ofexecution, such as burning at the stake and public display of thecorpse, for those perceived to challenge the slavocracy.20 The breadthof the death penalty as applied to slaves was widely understood as anecessary part of Southern codes because threats of confinement orlesser physical punishments were not likely to serve as much of a de-terrent for an already enslaved population. Moreover, the extent towhich capital punishment was deemed a necessary public good wasreflected in the practice of compensating [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/2/ ) [217] => Array ( [objectID] => 23657 [title] => More Indicators of the Falling Support for the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/more-indicators-of-the-falling-support-for-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on October 12, 2023.In the seminal Furman v. Georgia case from 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court (in effect) invalidated all death penalty statutes then inforce in American jurisdictions. After many states went back to their legislative drawing boards, some of the revised statutes were approved by the Court in 1976. At that time, Gallup found that 66 percent of the American public supported the death penalty, while 26 percent stood opposed. While support grew to 80 percent in 1994, a recent Gallup Poll from October 2022 shows that this figure has dropped to 55 percent. Recently, only 36 percent of Americans still support the death penalty given the alternative punishment of life imprisonment. [texte] => 405MORE I NDICATORS OF THE FALLING SUPPORTFOR THE DEATH PENALTYTALIA R OITBERG HARMON * & M ICHAEL L. R ADELET**TABLE OF C ONTENTSINTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 405I. ARGUMENT ............................................................................... 407C ONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 413INTRODUCTIONIn the seminal Furman v. Georgia case from 1972, the U.S. Su-preme Court (in effect) invalidated all death penalty statutes then inforce in American jurisdictions.1 After many states went back to theirlegislative drawing boards, some of the revised statutes were approvedby the Court in 1976.2 At that time, Gallup found that 66 percent ofthe American public supported the death penalty, while 26 percentstood opposed.3 While support grew to 80 percent in 1994,4 a recentGallup Poll from October 2022 shows that this figure has dropped to55 percent. 5 Recently, only 36 percent of Americans still support thedeath penalty given the alternative punishment of life imprisonment.6* Professor and Chair, Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, NiagaraUniversity.** Professor Emeritus, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado-Boulder.1. Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972).2. See Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153, 179 (1976) and companion cases.3. Death Penalty, GALLUP, https://news.gallup.com/poll/1606/death-penalty.aspx(last visited Mar. 1, 2023).4. Id.5. Id.6. Id. Gallup last asked this question in 2019. In every American jurisdictionthat authorizes the death penalty except Alaska, those convicted of capital homicides1Harmon and Radelet: More Indicators of the Falling Support for the Death PenaltyPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023406 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53Since the 1970s, the number of executions and death sentences inthe United States (U.S.) has declined precipitously, and they are in-creasingly confined to fewer states. As the Death Penalty InformationCenter reports, 2022 was the “eighth consecutive year with fewer than30 executions and 50 new death sentences.” 7The step away from the death penalty in the U.S. is only part of aworldwide movement that is gradually moving toward the abolition ofcapital punishment. According to Amnesty International, in 1977,“only 16 countries had totally abolished the death penalty. Today, thatnumber has risen to 108 – more than half the world’s countries. Morethan two-thirds are abolitionist in law or practice.” 8 In September2022, Equatorial Guinea became the twenty-fifth African country toeliminate the death penalty. 9 In the U.S., thirteen states have abolishedthe death penalty since 1972.10While many factors might explain this trend, this Article focuseson post-Furman changes in the ways that the death penalty is justifiedby its supporters. Instead of focusing on empirical issues (things forwhich data can be collected and analyzed, such as deterrence), wecontend that today’s proponents tend to focus on abstract moral prin-ciples that are more difficult to prove or disprove with empirical databut not sentenced to death are sentenced to life imprisonment without any hope forparole (LWOP). Thus, only about 1/3 of the American public supports the deathpenalty today given the existing alternatives.7. The Death Penalty in 2022: Year End Report, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR ,https://reports.deathpenaltyinfo.org/year-end/Year-End-Report-2022.pdf.8. What We Do, AMNESTY I NT ’ L, https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penalty/ (last visited Mar. 1, 2023).9. Equatorial Guinea Becomes 25th African Country to Abolish Death Penal-ty, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR . (Sept. 20, 2022), https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/equatorial-guinea-becomes-25th-african-country-to-abolish-death-penalty.10. Massachusetts (1984), New York (2004), New Jersey (2007), New Mexico(2009), Illinois (2011), Connecticut (2012), Maryland (2013), Delaware (2016),Washington (2018), New Hampshire (2019), Colorado (2020), and Virginia (2021).The Nebraska legislature abolished the death penalty in 2015 and overrode the gov-ernor’s veto of that Bill in 2016; however, it was reinstated by a ballot initiative in2016. State by State, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. CTR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/state-by-state (last visited Mar. 1, 2023). Four other jurisdictionscurrently have moratoria on executions (California, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and thefederal government). Death Penalty States with Gubernatorial Moratoria, D EATHP ENALTY I NFO. C TR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/state-by-state (last visited Mar. 1, 2023).2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 5https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/52023] FALLING S UPPORT FOR THE DEATH P ENALTY 407(e.g., proponents may argue that “justice demands it” or “they deserveit”). In fact, as we will argue below, almost all the empirical claimsused to support capital punishment in the 1970s have been discreditedby legal scholars and criminologists. We address these claims in noparticular order.I. ARGUMENTDeterrence. Our understanding of public opinion is that until thepast two decades or so, the principal argument in support of the deathpenalty was deterrence; meaning, we need to execute offenders tosend a message to potential offenders who contemplate committingsimilar heinous crimes. Scores of researchers have examined this is-sue, and the strong consensus among the nation’s top criminologists isthat the evidence does not support the contention that the death penal-ty exerts stronger deterrent effects than long prison sentences. 11 Thefew studies that have reached a different conclusion have been largelydiscredited. 12Perhaps the final word on this debate was published by a 2012National Academy of Sciences panel comprised of the world’s leadingcriminologists and capital punishment scholars.13 This 123-page reportreviewed different methodologies and studies that have been em-ployed to study deterrence, delineating the limits and challenges ofeach approach. They concluded:The committee concludes that research to date on the effect of capi-tal punishment on homicide is not informative about whether capi-tal punishment decreases, increases, or has no effect on homiciderates. Therefore, the committee recommends that these studies notbe used to inform deliberations requiring judgments about the effectof the death penalty on homicide. Consequently, claims that re-search demonstrates that capital punishment decreases or increasesthe homicide rate by a specified amount or has no effect on the11. Michael L. Radelet & Traci L. Lacock, Do Executions Lower HomicideRates? The Views of Leading Criminologists, 99 J. OF CRIM . L. & CRIMINOLOGY 489(2009).12. DETERRENCE AND THE DEATH PENALTY 47–100 (Daniel S. Nagin & John v.Pepper eds. 2012), https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/1529-nagin-full-reportpdf.13. Id.3Harmon and Radelet: More Indicators of the Falling Support for the Death PenaltyPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023408 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53homicide rate should not influence policy judgments about capitalpunishment.14In short, there is no credible evidence that the death penalty detersmore homicides than alternative punishments of long-term prison sen-tences. 15 In effect, one of the strongest, if not the strongest pro-deathpenalty arguments discussed in Furman and Gregg has virtually dis-appeared.Incapacitation. This argument in support of the death penaltysuggests that we need to execute those convicted of the most viciousmurders because as long as they are alive, they will continue to threat-en public (or prison) safety. 16 The argument has public appeal becausethe only way to completely ensure that anyone will not kill in the fu-ture is to kill them first. For American policy makers, however, thequestion is how many murders could be prevented by the death penal-ty instead of allowing for natural death with alternative sentences oflong imprisonment or even life imprisonment without parole (LWOP).Research continues to show that offenders convicted of murder havean extremely low recidivism rate.17 Coupled with the small number ofoffenders who have been sentenced to death in recent years, this ar-gument is even less influential than it was in the not-too-distant past.Religious Views. In the 1970s, few religious organizations tookformal stands on the death penalty. However, it was not uncommonfor some religious leaders to quote biblical passages in favor of thedeath penalty. 18 Today the vast majority of communities of faith stand14. Id. at 2.15. One of the authors (MLR) sat through all the legislative debates in Colora-do when the death penalty was abolished there in 2020. Deterrence was barely men-tioned, and no experts argued that the death penalty was a superior deterrent to lifeimprisonment. In the end, deterrence was a non-issue.16. SHAWN D. B USHWAY, Incapacitation, in E NCYCLOPEDIA OF CRIMINOLOGYAND CRIMINAL J USTICE 2443–50 (G. Bruinsman & D. Weidsburd eds. 2014).17. See, e.g., James W. Marquart & Jonathan R. Sorensen, A National Study ofthe Furman-Commuted Inmates: Assessing the Threat to Society from Capital Of-fenders, 23 LOY. L.A. L. REV . 5 (1989); Ashley Nellis, A New Lease on Life, T HESENTENCING P ROJECT (June 30, 2021), https://www.sentencingproject.org/reports/a-new-lease-on-life/.18. See generally J AMES MEGIVERN, T HE DEATH P ENALTY: AN H ISTORICALAND T HEOLOGICAL SURVEY (1997).4California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 5https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/52023] FALLING S UPPORT FOR THE DEATH P ENALTY 409opposed to executions, and the few outliers are often silent on the is-sue, offering neither support nor criticism.19In 2018, Pope Francis, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church(the largest religious denominatio [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/5/ ) [218] => Array ( [objectID] => 23655 [title] => Gender, Violence, and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/gender-violence-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2023. This article is the first in a series that will systematically explore how gender has affected the criminal proceedings of women currently on death row. For this inaugural article, we have undertaken the first—and, to our knowledge, only comprehensive analysis of gender-based violence (“GBV”) in the lives of all women currently on death row, examining the prevalence of GBV and how it has shaped the lives and affected the criminal prosecutions of women facing execution. Our research reveals, for the first time, that almost every woman on death row in the United States has experienced GBV. Indeed,the great majority have experienced more than one incident of GBV in their lifetime. Our findings align with previous studies demonstrating that women’s pathways to incarceration are paved with physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. Our research further shows that both in the United States and around the world, defense attorneys frequently fail to present evidence of GBV in women’s capital trials. When they do introduce such evidence, they fail to fully explain the nature of their clients’ victimization and the harm they have suffered as a result. Moreover, prosecutors frequently rely on gendered tropes to discredit women’s accounts of violence such as childhood sexual abuse, rape, and intimate partner violence. Consequently, those who sentence women to die rarely comprehend the extensive trauma that the women have endured throughout their lives, and how that trauma relates to their legal and moral culpability. [texte] => 327GENDER, VIOLENCE, AND THE DEATH PENALTYS ANDRA BABCOCK AND NATHALIE GREENFIELD*TABLE OF C ONTENTSINTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 328I. M ETHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 332II. S UMMARY OF F INDINGS ........................................................... 334III. OVERVIEW OF W OMEN ON DEATH R OW ................................... 336A. United States ..................................................................... 336B. Global Overview ............................................................... 338IV. GENDER -BASED V IOLENCE: THEORETICAL AND LEGALFRAMEWORKS .......................................................................... 341A. The International Legal Framework................................. 341B. The Intersection of Gender-Based Violence andMarginalized Identities ..................................................... 344V. GENDER -BASED V IOLENCE IN W OMEN’S C APITAL C ASESIN THE UNITED S TATES ............................................................. 348A. The Prevalence of Gender-Based Violence in the Casesof Women Currently Sentenced to Death .......................... 349* Sandra Babcock is a Clinical Professor of Law at Cornell Law School.Nathalie Greenfield is a consultant with the Center on Gender and Extreme Sentenc-ing and the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide. The authors wish, firstand foremost, to thank the women on death row who have shared their experiencesof gender-based violence. The authors are also very grateful to the numerous capitalpost-conviction lawyers who provided critical information and documents that al-lowed us to carry out this research. This article benefitted from early consultationswith our colleagues Sheri Johnson, Ngozi Ndulue, and Cathleen Price, who alsohelped us gather critical data. Our deepest thanks go to our excellent cohort of re-searchers and colleagues who helped us analyze our data and think through method-ological questions, including Kathryn Adamson, Maci East, Randi Kepecs, PaulinaLucio Maymon, Gabriela Markolovic, and Sofía López Cartagena. Thank you alsoto Kathryn Donoho for her invaluable assistance chasing down cites and verifyingsources. Finally, the authors thank Maxwell Sherman for his thoughtful advice onour data analysis and for creating our figures.1Babcock and Greenfield: Gender, Violence, and the Death PenaltyPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023328 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53B. The Treatment of Gender-Based Violence by LegalActors in the United States ................................................ 374VI. GENDER -BASED V IOLENCE IN THE C ASES OF W OMENS ENTENCED TO DEATH A ROUND THE G LOBE ........................... 391A. Gender-Based Violence and IntersectionalDiscrimination .................................................................. 391B. Treatment of Gender Based Violence by Legal Actors ..... 394C. The Case of Chausiku Magoiga ........................................ 395C ONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 398INTRODUCTIONFor centuries, women facing capital punishment have been carica-tured as “black widows,”1 “witches,”2 and “monsters.”3 The sensa-tionalist media coverage that often accompanies their trials and execu-tions obscures the complexity of their lives and the experiences thatled to their arrest and prosecution. At the same time, because thenumber of women facing the death penalty around the world is rela-tively small, their pathways to incarceration and experiences in thelegal system have received far less attention than those of men.41. M ARY W ELEK ATWELL, W RETCHED S ISTERS: E XAMINING G ENDER ANDC APITAL P UNISHMENT 110 (2nd ed. 2014) (describing the case of Betty Lou Beets).2. Around the world, hundreds of thousands of women were executed for“witchcraft” from the 1400s through the 1600s. D AVID B AKER , W OMEN AND C API-TAL P UNISHMENT IN THE U NITED S TATES: A N ANALYTICAL H ISTORY 68 (2015).Even beyond the 1600s, the cultural stigma of labeling women as “witches” contin-ues–as recently as 2020, a woman facing the death penalty in Nebraska was called“the Iowa witch” in news coverage of her trial. Alex Lang, Iowa “Witch,” 26, GotSexual Pleasure from Killing and Torture, Prosecutors Say at Her Murder Trial,K NEWZ (Sept. 30, 2020), https://knewz.com/bailey-boswell-loofe-murder/.3. See ATWELL, supra note 1, at 181 (describing the case of Aileen Wuornos).4. In 2004, the ACLU concluded that “[n]early all” scholarship on the applica-tion of the death penalty had focused on men. AM . C. L. U NION, T HE FORGOTTENP OPULATION: A LOOK AT D EATH ROW IN THE U NITED S TATES T HROUGH THE E XPE-RIENCES OF WOMEN 1 (Dec. 2004), https://www.aclu.org/report/forgotten-population-look-death-row-united-states-through-experiences-women. Since then, several au-thors have conducted case studies or surveys of women sentenced to death in theUnited States, most of which focus primarily on the cases of women post-execution.See, e.g., Kathryn Farr, Intellectual Disability and Mental Illness Among WomenSentenced to Death in the U.S.: Constitutional and Evidentiary Dilemmas, 24 P UN-ISHMENT & SOC ’ Y 571 (2022); Jessica Sutton, John Mills, Jennifer Merrigan & Kris-tin Swain, Death by Dehumanization: Prosecutorial Narratives of Death-Sentenced2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 4https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/42023] GENDER , V IOLENCE, AND THE DEATH P ENALTY 329This article is the first in a series that will systematically explorehow gender has affected the criminal proceedings of women currentlyon death row. For this inaugural article, we have undertaken thefirst—and, to our knowledge, only5—comprehensive analysis of gen-der-based violence (“GBV”) in the lives of all women currently ondeath row, examining the prevalence of GBV and how it has shapedthe lives and affected the criminal prosecutions of women facing exe-cution. Our research reveals, for the first time, that almost every wom-an on death row in the United States has experienced GBV. Indeed,the great majority have experienced more than one incident of GBV intheir lifetime.6 Our findings align with previous studies demonstratingWomen and LGBTQ Prisoners, 95 ST. J OHN’S L. REV. 1053 (2021); B AKER , supranote 2; A TWELL, supra note 1; Victor Streib, Rare and Inconsistent: The Death Pen-alty for Women, 33 FORDHAM U RB . L. J. 101 (2006); Joey L. Mogul, The Dykier, theButcher, the Better: The State’s Use of Homophobia and Sexism to Execute Womenin the United States, 8 CUNY L. REV. 473 (2005); Elizabeth Rapaport, StayingAlive: Executive Clemency, Equal Protection, and the Politics of Gender in Wom-en’s Capital Cases, 4 B UFFALO CRIM . L. REV. 967 (2001).5. While several scholars have examined the relevance of gender in women’scases through historical surveys or case studies (see supra note 4), we have notfound any studies conducting a systematic analysis of the role of gender-based vio-lence in the lives of all women currently under sentence of death. Scholars such asVictor Streib and Elizabeth Rapaport have also explored why few women are sen-tenced to death as compared to men. See, e.g., Victor Streib, Gendering the DeathPenalty: Countering Sex Bias in a Masculine Sanctuary, 63 O HIO STATE L.J. 433(2002); Elizabeth Rapaport, The Death Penalty and Gender Discrimination, 25 L. &SOC ’Y REV. 367 (1991) [hereinafter Rapaport, Gender Discrimination]. Rapaport’sresearch in particular shattered the myth that the low numbers were attributable tothe “chivalrous” treatment women allegedly experienced in the criminal legal sys-tem. See Elizabeth Rapaport, Equality of the Damned: The Execution of Women onthe Cusp of the 21 st Century, 26 O HIO N. U. L. REV. 581, 583 (2000) (“It is the ex-tremely low rate of participation in death penalty echelon crimes that most powerful-ly explains the low percentage of women on death row.”); Elizabeth Rapaport, SomeQuestions About Gender and the Death Penalty, 20 G OLDEN G ATE U. L. REV. 501,508–09 (1990) (noting that available data “does not support the proposition that fe-male murderers have a substantial advantage over similarly situated male murderersin avoiding the death penalty”). The focus of our research is different. Rather thanexplaining why women are sentenced to death at lower rates than men, we seek toshed light on women’s experiences prior to and during their capital prosecutions.6. As explained in Part V, our research reveals that at least forty-six of theforty-eight people on death row who presented as women at trial have experiencedGBV. Of these forty-six women, forty-one experienced more than one incident ofgender-based violence before their incarceration.3Babcock and Greenfield: Gender, Violence, and the Death PenaltyPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023330 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53that women’s pathways to incarceration are paved with physical, sex-ual, and psychological abuse.7Our research further shows that both in the United States andaround the world, defense attorneys frequently fail to present evidenceof GBV in women’s capital trials. When they do introduce such evi-dence, they fail to fully explain the nature of their clients’ victimiza-tion and the harm they have suffered as a result.8 Moreover, prosecu-tors frequently rely on gendered tropes to discredit women’s accountsof violence such as childhood sexual abuse, rape, and intimate partnerviolence.9 Consequently, those who sentence women to die rarelycomprehend the extensive trauma that the women have enduredthroughout their lives, and how that trauma relates to their legal andmoral culpability.107. As Sue Osthoff has observed, “[o]ur country’s jails and prisons are filledwith battered women.” SUE O STHOFF, When Victims Become Defendants: BatteredWomen [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/4/ ) [219] => Array ( [objectID] => 23653 [title] => The Use of the Death Penalty as a Bargaining Chip in Innocence Cases [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-use-of-the-death-penalty-as-a-bargaining-chip-in-innocence-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2023. While 70% of the world’s countries have abolished the death penalty, also known as capital punishment, much of the United States continues to use it in its criminal legal proceedings.According to the Death Penalty Information Center, at least 190 people were exonerated prior to their fated execution date after being wrongly convicted and sentenced to death in the United States. There is no way to tell how many of the 1,562 people, who have been executed in the United States, were actually innocent. As there are wrongful convictions still happening today, it is no surprise that most countries consider the death penalty a human rights issue. [texte] => 481THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY AS ABARGAINING CHIP IN I NNOCENCE CASESC LAUDIA I. S ALINAS*T ABLE OF CONTENSI. P LAYING IN A H IGH S TAKES GAME .......................................... 481II. M ARILYN M ULERO: THE P LAYER FORCED INTO AN“A LL-IN ” S ITUATION ................................................................ 484III. R EGGIE C OLE: THE P LAYER W HO M ADE A GOOD P LAYG IVEN THE C IRCUMSTANCES .................................................... 486IV. C HANGING THE GAME .............................................................. 488V. ELIMINATE THE “BARGAINING C HIP ” ....................................... 492I. P LAYING IN A H IGH S TAKES GAMEWinning a case in court, like winning a game of poker, is not al-ways a matter of holding good cards; sometimes, it all comes down toplaying a poor hand well. Even then, a skilled poker player needs tohave chips to play. At a table full of poker players, it is no shock theplayer with the most chips in front of them sets the tone of the tableand becomes the “Big Stack Bully.”1 More bargaining chips allow forthe player to make more combinations of plays and bluffs. The player* Claudia I. Salinas, Esq., California Innocence Project Attorney (2023). Theauthor would like to thank her parents and sister for their love and support, all of theamazing attorneys, staff, and interns at the California Innocence Project, and specifi-cally Alex Simpson and Jamila Michael for their contributions to this essay. Theauthor also extends special thanks to Arya Sadighian and the rest of the CaliforniaWestern International Law Journal for the invitation to participate in the Cruel andModern Punishment: The Death Penalty under International Law Symposium.1. The term “Big Stack Bully” is used by poker players when referring to theplayer in a poker game with the power to out-bet the players with less bargaining chips.Big Stack Strategies: Going For The Kill, CARDSCHAT, https://www.cardschat.com/poker/strategy/multi-table-tournament/mtt-big-stack/ (last visited Feb. 22, 2023).1Salinas: The Use of the Death Penalty as a Bargaining Chip in Innocence CaPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023482 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53with the biggest stack of chips is able to bully the players with smallerstacks into folding—even if their cards are better—to avoid having togo “all-in.” The small stacks are constantly playing on defense waitingfor pocket aces that will actually hold up against the “Big Stack Bully.”In the criminal legal system, the stakes are always high. The “BigStack Bully” is the prosecution; the player with more resources, ad-vantage, and backed by the might of the state or federal government.2The prosecution has the power to call or fold—to take the case to trialor offer a deal. The small stacks, invariably, are the defendants, thoseplayers who come to the table at a tremendous disadvantage, and whoare always “all in.” In the most serious cases, the prosecution can raisethe stakes to the highest level by leveraging their most advantageousbargaining chip: the death penalty.While 70% of the world’s countries have abolished the death pen-alty, also known as capital punishment, much of the United Statescontinues to use it in its criminal legal proceedings.3 According to theDeath Penalty Information Center, at least 190 people were exonerat-ed prior to their fated execution date after being wrongly convictedand sentenced to death in the United States.4 There is no way to tellhow many of the 1,562 people, who have been executed in the UnitedStates, were actually innocent. As there are wrongful convictions stillhappening today, it is no surprise that most countries consider thedeath penalty a human rights issue.5Among others, a frightening number of those exonerations werethe product of official misconduct, perjury or false accusation, or falseor fabricated confession, which often occurs simultaneously.6 Whenthe prosecution brings a death penalty bargaining chip to the table,2. Craig R. Chlarson, The Disparity Among Prosecution and Pub. Def., WASATCHDEF. LAWS., https://wasatchdefenselawyers.com/the-disparity-among-prosecution-and-public-defense/ (last visited Feb. 22, 2023).3. Policy Issues: International, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/policy-issues/international (last visited Feb. 3, 2023) [hereinafterPolicy Issues: International].4. Policy Issues: Innocence, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/policy-issues/innocence (last visited Feb. 3, 2023).5. Policy Issues: International, supra note 4.6. Robert Dunham, DPIC Analysis: Causes of Wrongful Convictions, D EATHPENALTY INFO. CTR. (May 31, 2017), https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/stories/dpic-analysis-causes-of-wrongful-convictions.2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 7https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/72023] DEATH P ENALTY AS A BARGAINING C HIP 483such a move changes the way a defendant plays their hand. This runsthe risk of an innocent person pleading guilty to something they didnot do—to fold their hand in the face of impossible stakes, guarantee-ing a wrongful conviction.The California Innocence Project handled Marilyn Mulero andReggie Cole’s cases where the prosecution used the “Big Stack Bully”tactic.7 Marilyn Mulero felt coerced into signing a prepared confes-sion admitting to a murder she did not commit, which ultimately led tothe imposition of the death sentence.8 Similarly, Reggie Cole, an ex-oneree who was wrongfully imprisoned, was subsequently accused ofa prison murder while acting in self-defense, and confronted with thedeath penalty.9 These defendants were forced to make an unlikelycombination of moves to overturn their convictions and avoid a deathsentence.10 Fortunately, both Marilyn Mulero and Reggie Cole’s win-ning pocket aces held up, and they were rightfully exonerated.11 Alltoo often, however, others in similar situations do not beat the odds.7. Freed Clients, C AL. I NNOCENCE P ROJECT, https://californiainnocenceproject.org/freed-clients/ (last visited Feb. 26, 2023). See also Marilyn Mulero, C AL. INNO-CENCE PROJECT, https://californiainnocenceproject.org/read-their-stories/marilyn-mulero/ (last visited Feb. 26, 2023) [hereinafter Marilyn Mulero] (explaining Mari-lyn Mulero’s journey to exoneration); Reggie Cole, CAL. INNOCENCE PROJECT, https://californiainnocenceproject.org/read-their-stories/reggie-cole/ (last visited Feb. 26,2023) [hereinafter Reggie Cole] (explaining Reggie Cole’s journey to exoneration).8. Former Ill. Death-Row Prisoner Marilyn Mulero, Framed by DisgracedChicago Detective, Exonerated After 29 Years, D EATH P ENALTY I NFO. C TR . (Aug.11, 2022), https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/former-illinois-death-row-prisoner-marilyn-mulero-framed-by-disgraced-chicago-detective-exonerated-after-29-years/[hereinafter Former Ill. Death-Row Prisoner].9. Reggie Cole, supra note 7.10. Michael S. Perry & Maurice Possley, Reggie Cole, T HE NAT ’ L REGISTRYE XONERATIONS , https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetail.aspx?caseid=3113 (last updated July 19, 2017); Maurice Possley, Marilyn Mulero,T HE NAT’L REGISTRY EXONERATIONS, https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetail.aspx?caseid=6378 (last updated Aug. 22, 2022).11. Perry & Possley, supra note 10; Possley, supra note 11.3Salinas: The Use of the Death Penalty as a Bargaining Chip in Innocence CaPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023484 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53II. M ARILYN M ULERO: THE P LAYER FORCEDINTO AN “A LL-IN ” S ITUATIONOn May 12, 1992, two members of the Latin Kings Street Gangwere fatally shot in Humboldt Park on Chicago’s northwest side.12The next day, Chicago police officers arrested Marilyn Mulero andJackie Montanez.13 The police took them to the station to be inter-viewed separately.14 After the police denied legal representation, bothwomen were each subjected to over nine hours of questioning.15Throughout her interrogation, Marilyn denied any involvement inthe crime.16 However, it was not long before the detectives broughtout their “bargaining chips” and told her she had two options: (1) con-fess to one of the murders; or (2) be prosecuted for both and die bylethal injection.17 Police began “bluffing” by telling Marilyn that Jack-ie already confessed, implicating her in both murders.18 They toldMarilyn she would never see her children again unless she con-fessed.19 The prosecution implied the death penalty was merely aplaceholder and they would never actually pursue capital punishmentin a case where Latinos shot each other.20 Without having many bar-gaining chips of her own, Marilyn was forced to go “all-in.” Shesigned a prepared statement by the prosecution, implicating herself inboth murders.21Without conducting any basic investigation into Marilyn’s case,her attorney entered a blind plea of guilty on her behalf, which ex-posed her to the risk of a death sentence.22 Soon after, based on thejury’s recommendation, Marilyn became the first woman to be sen-tenced to death in Illinois.2312. Possley, supra note 10.13. Id.14. Marilyn Mulero, supra note 8.15. Id.16. Possley, supra note 10.17. Id.18. Id.19. Id.20. Id.21. Marilyn Mulero, supra note 8.22. Possley, supra note 10.23. Id.4California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 7https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/72023] DEATH P ENALTY AS A BARGAINING C HIP 485Justin Brooks, founder of the California Innocence Project, trav-eled to Illinois and met with Marilyn in prison, where she adamantlymaintained her innocence.24 While Justin could not be sure whethershe was truly innocent of these murders, he was stunned at the realitythat a defendant could be sentenced to death without a trial.25 As a re-sult, he began litigating the case as a due process issue.26 In May of1997, the Illinois Supreme Court ordered a new sentencing hearingafter vacating Ma [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/7/ ) [220] => Array ( [objectID] => 23651 [title] => From Advocacy To Abolition: How The Universal Periodic Review Can Shape The Trajectory Of The Abolition Of The Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1706745600 [date] => 01/02/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/from-advocacy-to-abolition-how-the-universal-periodic-review-can-shape-the-trajectory-of-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in 2023. This article assesses whether there is evidence to suggest that the UPR can influence the timing of a country’s decision to abolish the death penalty. The evidence arises out of the examination of thirty case studies of countries that abolished the death penalty, or ratifiedthe leading treaty calling for abolition. This article concludes that in some circumstances the UPR does appear to influence that timing. These conclusions can assist civil society organizations as they refine their advocacy to encourage more countries to abolish the death penalty.Part I of this article offers an introduction to the global abolitionist movement and two of its advocacy targets: the U.N. Human Rights Council and the UPR. Part II makes the case for focusing on the UPR to assess the efficacy of U.N. advocacy. Part III describes the process of abolition and offers several theories as to how the UPR might influence a country’s trajectory toward abolition. Part IV sets out the study’s methodology and encompasses the analysis of the case studies, focusing first on countries that have abolished the death penalty early in a UPR cycle, then on countries that have abolished at mid-cycle, and finally on countries that have abolished during the tail end of the cycle. The conclusion discusses the implications of these findings for civil society organizations working toward abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => 415FROM ADVOCACY TO ABOLITION: HOW THE UNIVERSALPERIODIC REVIEW CAN SHAPE THE TRAJECTORY OF THEABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYAMY B ERGQUIST*TABLE OF C ONTENTSI. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE G LOBAL ABOLITIONISTM OVEMENT, THE HUMAN R IGHTS C OUNCIL, AND THE UPR .... 417A. The Global Abolitionist Movement ................................... 417B. The Human Rights Council and the UPR ......................... 419II. THE M ERITS OF FOCUSING ON THE UPR................................... 425III. THE P ROCESS OF ABOLITION AND THEORIES ABOUT HOWTHE UPR M AY INFLUENCE THE P ROCESS ................................. 427IV. ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 430A. Methodology ..................................................................... 430B. Abolishing Early in the UPR Cycle .................................. 4311. Uzbekistan uses the first-cycle UPR to take abolitionto the center stage ........................................................ 4342. Bolivia uses the first-cycle UPR to reinforce itscommitment to abolition .............................................. 4353. Benin, the Gambia, Suriname, Togo, and Zambiatake swift action to honor their commitments fromprevious UPR cycles before taking the stage again. ... 4364. El Salvador downplays OP2 ratification in thesecond cycle ................................................................. 4425. Chile, France, Nicaragua, the Philippines, andUkraine downplay OP2 ratification in the first-cycleUPR ............................................................................. 443C. Abolition During the Period Between the InteractiveDialogue and Adoption of the Outcome............................ 4461. Uzbekistan, Burkina Faso, Madagascar, and Fijileverage the UPR to build momentum for abolition .... 4481Bergquist: From Advocacy to Abolition: How the Universal Periodic Review CanPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023416 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 532. Papua New Guinea declines its win, asserting its“sovereignty”? ............................................................ 452D. Abolishing The Death Penalty After the Adoptionof the UPR Outcome ......................................................... 4551. The UPR places OP2 on Argentina’s agenda. ............ 4572. The UPR gives Armenia, Benin, Burundi, andLatvia some momentum to complete the processof abolition................................................................... 4583. Sierra Leone uses the UPR to spotlight progressand build momentum toward abolition........................ 4614. Mongolia’s President uses UPR momentum topress parliament on OP2 ............................................. 4635. The UPR provides Kyrgyzstan with a friendlynudge to finalize the ratification process .................... 4656. Chad, Guinea, Nauru, and São Tomé and Príncipegive no strong indications that the UPR influencedthe timing of their decisions to abolish or ratify ......... 466C ONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 470On January 30, 2023, a government delegation from Zambia ap-peared in Geneva, Switzerland, sitting at the front of the HumanRights and Alliance of Civilizations Room at the Palais des Nations,1headed by the country’s Minister of Justice, Mr. Mulambo Haimbe.2This day marked Zambia’s fourth appearance before the United Na-tions’ Human Rights Council for its Universal Periodic Review(UPR).3 What distinguished this appearance from the others was thefirst topic Mr. Haimbe addressed in his introductory remarks: thecountry’s full implementation of recommendations from the previousUPR to abolish the death penalty. Less than one month prior, Mr.* Associate Program Director, International Justice Program, The Advocatesfor Human Rights, and Vice President, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.1. United Nations, Creative Cmty. Outreach Initiative, Human Rights Council,https://www.un.org/en/ccoi/human-rights-council (last visited Apr. 1, 2023).2. Hum. Rts. Council, Draft Rep. of the Working Group on the Universal Pe-riodic Review: Zambia, ¶ 1, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/42/L.11 (Feb. 1, 2023) [here-inafter Draft Rep. of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Zam-bia].3. U.N. Hum. Rts. Council, Universal Periodic Review - Zambia, https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/upr/zm-index (last visited Feb. 3, 2023).2California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 6https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/62023] FROM ADVOCACY TO ABOLITION 417Haimbe observed, Zambia’s President had signed into law a bill abol-ishing the death penalty.4Was the timing a mere coincidence? Or, did the UPR somehowaccelerate Zambia’s abolition process?This article assesses whether there is evidence to suggest that theUPR can influence the timing of a country’s decision to abolish thedeath penalty. The evidence arises out of the examination of thirtycase studies of countries that abolished the death penalty, or ratifiedthe leading treaty calling for abolition. This article concludes that insome circumstances the UPR does appear to influence that timing.These conclusions can assist civil society organizations as they refinetheir advocacy to encourage more countries to abolish the death penal-ty.Part I of this article offers an introduction to the global abolitionistmovement and two of its advocacy targets: the U.N. Human RightsCouncil and the UPR. Part II makes the case for focusing on the UPRto assess the efficacy of U.N. advocacy. Part III describes the processof abolition and offers several theories as to how the UPR might influ-ence a country’s trajectory toward abolition. Part IV sets out thestudy’s methodology and encompasses the analysis of the case studies,focusing first on countries that have abolished the death penalty earlyin a UPR cycle, then on countries that have abolished at mid-cycle,and finally on countries that have abolished during the tail end of thecycle. The conclusion discusses the implications of these findings forcivil society organizations working toward abolition of the death pen-alty.I. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE G LOBAL ABOLITIONIST M OVEMENT,THE HUMAN R IGHTS C OUNCIL, AND THE UPRA. The Global Abolitionist MovementIn 2002, civil society organizations came together to create theWorld Coalition Against the Death Penalty, a global coalition to ad-vocate for abolition of the death penalty in every country of the4. Bronwyn Dudley, Zambia is the 25th African State to Abolish the DeathPenalty, W ORLD COAL. A GAINST D EATH P ENALTY (Jan. 6, 2023), https://worldcoalition.org/2023/01/06/zambia-abolishes-the-death-penalty/.3Bergquist: From Advocacy to Abolition: How the Universal Periodic Review CanPublished by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2023418 C ALIFORNIA W ESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW J OURNAL [Vol. 53world.5 Since then, 36 countries have abolished the death penalty forall crimes or for “ordinary crimes” (excluding military offenses),6 andthe Coalition’s membership has expanded to 170 organizations7 in 56countries.8The abolitionist movement deploys a variety of advocacy strate-gies to achieve abolition, including, for example, workshops withlawmakers,9 litigation,10 film festivals,11 and restrictions on exports ofgoods that might be used in executions.12 Advocacy with U.N. humanrights mechanisms is a common strategy, enabling civil society organ-izations to lobby U.N. experts and diplomats to press governments toabolish the death penalty.13The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) has served onthe Steering Committee of the World Coalition Against the DeathPenalty for more than a decade. In that capacity, it provides assistance5. Presentation & History, W ORLD COAL. A GAINST D EATH P ENALTY,https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/presentation-history/ (last visited Apr. 1, 2023).6. Countries That Have Abolished the Death Penalty Since 1976, D EATHPENALTY INFO. CTR., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/policy-issues/international/countries-that-have-abolished-the-death-penalty-since-1976 (last visited Apr. 1, 2023).7. Member Organizations, W ORLD COAL. A GAINST D EATH P ENALTY,https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/member-organizations/ (last visited Apr. 1,2023).8. E-mail from Méline Szwarcberg, Women & Gender Project Manager,World Coal. Against the Death Penalty, to Amy Bergquist, Assoc. Program Dir.,Int’l Just. Program, Advocates for Hum. Rts. (Feb. 3, 2023, 05:44 CST) (on file withauthor).9. PGA Members Attended a Workshop on the Abolition of the Death Penaltyin Africa in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), P ARLIAMENTARIANS FOR G LOB . ACTION(Dec. 28, 2016), https://www.pgaction.org/news/workshop-adp-ouagadougou.html.10. State v. Makwanyane (CCT3/94), judgment, 391 (June 6, 1995) (decisionof the Constitutional Court of the Republic of South Africa striking down the deathpenalty as inconsistent with section 33(1) of the Constitution).11. Maria Wilkinson, “The State of Texas vs. Melissa” to Show in Taiwan’sMurder by Numbers Film Festival, N EWS LENS (Oct. 6, 2022), https://international.thenewslens.com/article/174391.12. Regulation (EU) 2019/125 of the European Parliament and of the Councilconcerning trade in certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, tor-ture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (codification), PE/59/2018/REV/1 (Jan. 16, 2019), http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/125/oj.13. See, e.g., High Hopes for Substantial Progress on the Death Penalty Tem-pered by Mild Rhetoric, T HE ADVOCATES FOR H UM . RTS. (Mar. 18, 2021),https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/News/A/Index?id=16.4California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 [2023], Art. 6https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol53/iss2/62023] FROM ADVOCACY TO ABOLITION 419to the Coalition and its members when a U.N. human rights mecha-nism is preparing to review the human rights record of a country thatretains the death penalty. Since 20 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/recent_additions.html ) [221] => Array ( [objectID] => 23647 [title] => Migratory dependency and the death penalty: Foreign nationals facing capital punishment in the Gulf [timestamp] => 1706572800 [date] => 30/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/migratory-dependency-and-the-death-penalty-foreign-nationals-facing-capital-punishment-in-the-gulf/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on July 2, 2023This article focuses on the cases of 664 foreign nationals, the majority of whom are migrant workers, under sentence of death across the Gulf states (including Jordan and Lebanon) between 2016 and 2021. The features of these cases suggest that they are inextricably linked to migrant workers’ dependency under the kafala system, with examples of migrants duped into smuggling drugs across the border by their migrant broker, and once in country, accounts of violent altercations due to disputes about exit visas, and in the case of migrant domestic workers, self-defence against sexual violence. Engaging with the burgeoning literature on immigration, exploitation and criminalisation, as well as scholarship on capital punishment, this article will explore the multiple and unique layers of dependency fostered by the kafala system that place migrant workers at higher risk of the death penalty in these Gulf jurisdictions. [texte] => Migratory dependency andthe death penalty: Foreignnationals facing capitalpunishment in the GulfLucy Harry, Carolyn Hoyle ,and Jocelyn HuttonDeath Penalty Research Unit, Centre for Criminology, Universityof Oxford, Oxford, UKAbstractThis article focuses on the cases of 664 foreign nationals, the majority of whom aremigrant workers, under sentence of death across the Gulf states (including Jordanand Lebanon) between 2016 and 2021. The features of these cases suggest that theyare inextricably linked to migrant workers’ dependency under the kafala system, withexamples of migrants duped into smuggling drugs across the border by their migrantbroker, and once in country, accounts of violent altercations due to disputes aboutexit visas, and in the case of migrant domestic workers, self-defence against sexual vio-lence. Engaging with the burgeoning literature on immigration, exploitation and crimin-alisation, as well as scholarship on capital punishment, this article will explore themultiple and unique layers of dependency fostered by the kafala system that placemigrant workers at higher risk of the death penalty in these Gulf jurisdictions.Keywordsdeath penaty, Foreign Nationals, Violent Crime, Migrant workers, precarityIntroductionAs the structure of global society has shifted in late modernity, so too has the nature ofpenal power. Citizenship has become ever more salient as ‘states around the world haveCorresponding author:Carolyn Hoyle, Death Penalty Research Unit, Centre for Criminology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.Email: carolyn.hoyle@crim.ox.ac.ukArticlePunishment & Society2024, Vol. 26(1) 109–127© The Author(s) 2023Article reuse guidelines:sagepub.com/journals-permissionsDOI: 10.1177/14624745231186001journals.sagepub.com/home/punput the criminal justice system to work in managing mass mobility’ (Bosworth,2017:373). Low-paid and ‘unskilled’ migrant workers from developing countries arean especially vulnerable category of migrant, who enjoy few protections from boththeir host and sending states, particularly when caught up in alien criminal justicesystems facing serious charges that carry a death sentence (Hoyle, 2019).Scholars of border criminology, Pickering, Bosworth and Franko Aas (2014:389)write about the ‘complex set of conditions of precariousness to which migrants, livingin the shadow of the law, are exposed in their everyday realities. The precariousnessincludes not only the physical dangers of the journey but also social marginality uponarrival, economic hardship and exploitation, as well as intrusive policing, surveillanceand the threats of deportation and detention’. In this article, we elaborate upon the ‘con-ditions of precariousness’, utilising the case study of migrant workers in the Gulf states, tomake the case that the multiple sources of dependency engendered by the kafala system,work to put migrant workers at a heightened risk of capital punishment.We draw upon data from our ‘mapping’ project which has recorded the prevalence andexperiences of foreign nationals sentenced to death and executed in the Middle East andAsia from 2016 to 2021, and in particular on the 664 cases of death sentences – predom-inantly for homicide and drug offences – in the Gulf region. 1 We include Bahrain, Jordan,Kuwait, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE due to their high numbers of migrantworkers and use of the kafala system. While much of the existing literature on immigra-tion, exploitation and criminalisation has focused on Europe; here, we explore an under-theorised region in the global south.We take as our starting point Amrita Pande’s (2013) argument that kafala creates‘illegal workers’ through multiple levels of dependency: first, while still in the homecountry, there is a dependency on the recruitment agencies who secure work placementsin the Gulf and arrange the migrant’s passage, creating scope for debt, exploitation andtrafficking; second, whilst in the country, the migrant’s economic and legal dependencyon their sponsor facilitates extreme and regular abuse; and third, because of the tied-visa,a migrant’s only choice for escaping an exploitative or abusive situation is to go ‘free-lance’ and thus become ‘illegal’ which creates a population of even more readily exploit-able workers at constant threat of deportation. In this article, we explore these categoriesand argue that not only do they create a category of ‘illegal workers’ but they create asituation which can facilitate the commission of illegal acts. Moreover, we examine anextra layer of dependency and precarity and look at the role of the sending states inthe kafala system. Once a migrant worker has been arrested for a capital crime, wefind examples of embassies reluctant to intervene, either due to the reliance on remit-tances, and a fear of compromising their economic relationship with the Gulf state, orbecause they relinquish responsibility for migrants’ criminal acts, notwithstanding theirrole in creating the structures through which exploitation and illegality occur.Immigration, exploitation and criminalisationA burgeoning literature has begun to chart the relationship between immigration status,labour exploitation and, ultimately, criminalisation and punishment. Most have focused110 Punishment & Society 26(1)on the European context, with scholars noting that ‘the illegalization and the hyper-criminalization of immigrants work symbiotically towards the reproduction of a vulner-able labor force, suitable for the most exploitable sectors of the post-Fordist economy’(De Giorgi, 2010:153). Some view this process in a wider historical context, lookingat the historical intertwinement of economic development and migration in Europefrom the seventeenth century (Melossi, 2013). Others explore the contradictory role ofthe state, which on the one hand criminalises those who exploit migrant workers but,on the other hand, creates immigration controls that increase migrants’ illegality and sus-ceptibility to exploitation through ‘the construction of institutionalised uncertainty’(Anderson, 2010; Sitkin, 2014). Migrants’ exploitability is intrinsically connected totheir ‘deportability’: ‘[m]igrant “illegality” is lived through a palpable sense of…the pos-sibility of deportation’ which, crucially ‘provides an apparatus for sustaining their vulner-ability and tractability as workers’ (De Genova, 2002:439). Moreover, the criminalisationof exploited migrants is inextricably linked to processes of racialisation: ‘[s]ubject to eco-nomic marginality and its myriad deprivations, assumed to be prone to crime, and alwaysin the spotlight, immigrants’ criminalization is over-determined by a factor of three, withthe common denominator being their racialization’ (Calavita, 2005:145).While here we explore the exploitative nature of the kafala system of migration, itshould be noted that dependency permeates other migratory regimes worldwide.Recent work explores the experiences of Sub-Saharan migrant tomato pickers in theSouth of Italy, who are governed by the ‘caporalato’ labour contracting system, asystem of labour contracting in place for over a century and until the 1970s, used toemploy agricultural workers from neighbouring Italian districts, before switching toSub-Saharan African migrants (Melossi, 2021). The caporalato involves workbrokers finding temporary, seasonal labour for tomato farmers and preys on migrants’economic and migratory vulnerability, by subjecting them to low wages, poor workconditions and taking deductions from their salary in exchange for their brokerage(Melossi, 2021). The tomato pickers are spatially segregated into shantytowns andcriminalised through the 2016 anti-caporalato law and processes of racialisation(Melossi, 2021). An interesting feature is the ‘refugeeization’ of the workforce, withSub-Saharan refugees ‘included in the informal labour market but denied the fullrange of labour and citizens rights’ leaving them susceptible to unfair treatment(Melossi, 2021:498).Other research has focused on internal migratory patterns in India and an exploitedseasonal workforce created by the spatial geopolitics of internal colonialism anduneven regional development (Shah and Lerche, 2020). Those seasonal migrantworkers, marginalised by their low-caste and tribal identities, are ineligible for ‘elemen-tary citizenship rights’ and welfare benefits, and ‘[f]or the authorities, they simply do notexist and are treated as second-class citizens, if citizens at all’ (Shah and Lerche,2020:726). While much of the literature examines ‘illegal’ or ‘irregular’ migration,other work explores the experiences of regular migrants who are victims of labour traf-ficking in Chinese restaurants in the Netherlands. van Meeteren and Wiering (2019)examine the ‘points of vulnerability’ that increase migrants’ susceptibility to labourexploitation, including migration-incurred debt, employer-bounded residence and workHarry et al. 111permits and the threat of deportation – all of which are features of the kafala system towhich we now turn.Kafala – Multiple and unique layers of dependencyDependency is endemic to many migratory regimes around the world (particularly thoseinvolving temporary and tied visas), yet arguably kafala is unique. To understand why, itis helpful to explore its history. Discovery of Gulf oil in the 1970s, plus the relativelysmall indigenous population, transformed the region into rentier states2 leading to asudden increase in the need for migrant labour. Concerns that Arab migrants might holdPan-Arabist political views that could destabilise Gulf regimes (Jamal, 2015), and couldhave a greater moral claim to ‘social rights’ inherent to citizenship (Longva 2000:185),encouraged Gulf states to turn to Asia – specifically South and Southeast Asia – as asource of cheap, easily exploitable and replaceable labour that would present no threat tothe stability and hierarchy of the Arab indigenous population. This generated a rapid expan-sion of migrant labou [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jordan [1] => Kuwait [2] => Lebanon [3] => Qatar [4] => Saudi Arabia [5] => United Arab Emirates ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/14624745231186001 ) [222] => Array ( [objectID] => 23646 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2023: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1706140800 [date] => 25/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2023-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on December 01, 2023.Innocence cases dominated much of the media’s attention on death penalty cases in 2023. While these prisoners were largely unsuccessful in the courts, there was unprecedented support for their claims from state legislators, prosecutors, judges, and other elected officials, some of whom declared themselves newly disillusioned with use of the death penalty in their state. This year is the 9th consecutive year with fewer than 30 people executed (24) and fewer than 50 people sentenced to death (21, as of December 1). The 23 men and one woman who were executed in 2023 were the oldest average age (tied with 2021) and spent the longest average number of years in prison in the modern death penalty era before being executed. As in previous years, most prisoners had significant physical and mental health issues at the time of their executions, some of which can be attributed to the many years they spent in severe isolation on death row. Continued difficulties obtaining lethal injection drugs led some states to explore new, untested methods of execution or revive previously abandoned methods. Other states enacted or continued pauses on executions while the state’s method of execution was studied. [texte] => The Death Penalty in 2023: Year End ReportOnly Five States Conducted Executions and Seven StatesImposed New Death Sentences in 2023, the LowestNumber of States in 20 YearsFLORIDA’S SIX EXECUTIONS AND FIVE NEW DEATH SENTENCES RESPONSIBLE FOR 2023 INCREASEFOR THE FIRST TIME, MORE AMERICANS BELIEVE THE DEATH PENALTY IS ADMINISTERED UNFAIRLY THAN FAIRLYFederal GovernmentPause on Executions by Executive ActionExecutions in Last 10 YearsNo Executions in 10 YearsNo Death Penalty0204060801002023202020172014201120082005200219991996199319901987198419811977Peak: 98 in 199924 in 2023050100150200250300350202320202017201420112008200520021999199619931990198719841981197819751973Peak: 315 in 199621 in 2023Death Penalty Status by JurisdictionDeath Sentences by Year Executions by YearThe Death Penalty in 2023: Year End ReportDeath Penalty Information Center2E xEcutivE S ummary◆ For the first time, a Gallup poll reports that more Americans (50%) believe the death penalty isadministered unfairly than fairly (47%).◆ Only 5 states (Texas, Florida, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Alabama) executed people this year,and only 7 states (Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Texas)sentenced people to death. For the first time, the number of executions exceeded the number ofnew death sentences.◆ The majority of states (29) have now either abolished the death penalty or paused executions byexecutive action.◆ 2023 is the 9 th consecutive year with fewer than 30 people executed (24) and fewer than 50people sentenced to death (21).◆ Three exonerations this year bring the total to 195 in the modern death penalty era.◆ High profile innocence cases in several states received intense media attention but found no reliefin the courts, raising questions about the adequacy of state procedures and the ability of the legalsystem to protect innocent people.◆ The United States Supreme Court overwhelmingly rejected petitions from death-sentenced prison-ers over the increasingly alarmed dissents of Justices Jackson, Kagan, and Sotomayor.◆ Prisoners who were executed spent an average of 23 years in prison, the longest average timesince executions resumed in 1976, and were an average age of 54 years old at the time of theirexecution, the oldest average age since executions resumed in 1976 (tied with 2021).◆ The Biden Administration’s Department of Justice secured its first death sentence for RobertBowers, convicted of killing eleven people in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Tree of Life Synagogue.introductionInnocence cases dominated much of the media’s attention on death penalty cases in 2023. Whilethese prisoners were largely unsuccessful in the courts, there was unprecedented support for theirclaims from state legislators, prosecutors, judges, and other elected officials, some of whom declaredthemselves newly disillusioned with use of the death penalty in their state. This year is the 9th consecu-tive year with fewer than 30 people executed (24) and fewer than 50 people sentenced to death (21,The Death Penalty in 2023: Year End ReportDeath Penalty Information Center3as of December 1). The 23 men and one woman who were executed in2023 were the oldest average age (tied with 2021) and spent the longestaverage number of years in prison in the modern death penalty era beforebeing executed. As in previous years, most prisoners had significant phys-ical and mental health issues at the time of their executions, some of whichcan be attributed to the many years they spent in severe isolation on deathrow. Continued difficulties obtaining lethal injection drugs led some statesto explore new, untested methods of execution or revive previously aban-doned methods. Other states enacted or continued pauses on executionswhile the state’s method of execution was studied.Before 1972, state officials generally used the death penalty withoutfear of federal court review. That changed with Furman v. Georgia, whenthe Supreme Court invalidated all death penalty statutes, citing seriousconstitutional concerns with the arbitrariness and racial discrimination inmany state processes and death sentences. After the Court approved thereinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, the Court assumed a moreactive role in regulating states’ use of the death penalty. In what JusticeBlackmun later called “tinkering with the machinery of death,” the Courtspent decades scrutinizing state laws and procedures, interpreting arcanestatutory provisions, clarifying constitutional safeguards, reviewing chal-lenges to methods of execution, and deciding cases that narrowed the ap-plication of the death penalty. The Court also intervened in extraordinarycases to grant stays of execution and resisted state efforts to expand useof the death penalty.Now, more than 50 years after Furman was decided, the majorityof the Court appears unwilling to continue in this role. The Supreme Courtgranted only one stay of execution, reflecting the view of some membersof the Court that prisoners bring “last-minute claims that will delay the ex-ecution, no matter how groundless.” The Court granted certiorari in only four death penalty cases, allof which pertained to procedural issues, and turned away the overwhelming majority of petitions filedby death-sentenced prisoners. Some state officials and legislatures may once again feel unrestrainedDeath Row by State†State 2023 2022California 665 692Florida 313 330Texas 192 199Alabama 167 170North Carolina 140 139Ohio 129 135Pennsylvania 123 129Arizona 114 117Louisiana 63 62Nevada 62 65Tennessee 47 47U.S. Fed. Gov’t 44 44Georgia 41 42Oklahoma 40 44Mississippi 36 37South Carolina 36 37Arkansas 28 30Kentucky 26 27Missouri 18 20Nebraska 11 12Kansas 9 9Idaho 8 8Indiana 8 8Utah 7 7U.S. Military 4 4Montana 2 2New Hampshire ^ 1 1South Dakota 1 1Oregon 0 22Wyoming 0 0Total ‡ 2,331 2,436† Data from NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund forJanuary 1 of the year shown^ New Hampshire prospectively abolished the death penaltyMay 30, 2019‡ Persons with death sentences in mul ti ple states are onlyinclud ed onceThe Death Penalty in 2023: Year End ReportDeath Penalty Information Center4by the risk of judicial oversight or correction; Florida directly flouted Supreme Court precedent withnew legislation making a non-homicide crime a death-eligible offense, while states like Alabamaannounced plans to use nitrogen gas in an untested, risky method of execution.But the pivot away from the Supreme Court does not mean there is (or will be) increased use ofthe death penalty. For the first time, more Americans now believe that the death penalty is administeredunfairly than fairly. The data show that the death penalty is increasingly disfavored, and the continued,years-long decline in its use has little to do with the Supreme Court. It is, instead, the result of society’sgreater understanding about the fallibility of our legal system and its inability to protect innocent peo-ple from execution, the vulnerabilities of the people who are sentenced to death, and a recognition thatthe significant resources and time necessary to use the death penalty do not deliver enough of a returnon the public’s investment in terms of safety or deterrence. These lessons are reflected in changingpublic opinion polls, jury verdicts, state legislative and executive decisions, and charging decisions, asthis 2023 Year End Report details below.P ublic oPinionMore Americans Believe theDeath Penalty is AppliedUnfairlyThe Gallup Crime Survey hasasked for opinions about the fair-ness of death penalty applicationin the United States since 2000.For the first time, the October 2023survey reports that more Americansbelieve the death penalty is ap-plied unfairly (50%) than fairly(47%). Between 2000 and 2015,51%—61% of Americans said they thought capital punishment was applied fairly in the U.S., but thisnumber has been dropping since 2016. This year’s 47% represents a historic low in Gallup’s polling.Gallup. (Nov. 6, 2023). New 47% Low Say Death Penalty Is Fairly Applied in U.S.The Death Penalty in 2023: Year End ReportDeath Penalty Information Center5Overall support for capitalpunishment remains at a five-de-cade low in the United States. In2023, the Gallup survey foundthat 53% of Americans favor thedeath penalty, the lowest num-ber since March 1972, althoughnot a statistically significantchange from the 54% and 55%level of support recorded overthe previous three years. Results from 2019 indicate that support for the death penalty drops even low-er (36%) when respondents are given the option of life without parole. When Gallup first asked aboutthe death penalty in 1936, 59% of Americans supported the death penalty for convicted murderers.Public support for the death penalty peaked in 1994, with 80% of Americans in favor, but has steadilydeclined since that year.Gallup also asked respondents whether they believe the death penalty is imposed too often,about the right amount, or not enough. 39% of respondents said that capital punishment is not used of-ten enough, while 56% of respondents believe it is either imposed too often or about the right amount.There are also partisan differences. 62% of Republicans think that the death penalty is not imposedoften enough, while 25% say it is imposed about the right amount. 52% of Democrats think that thedeath penalty is imposed too often, while 24% think it is used about the right amount. There is a greaterdivide among Independents, as 37% think that it is not used enough, 32% think it is used about the rightamount, and 26% think it is used too often.Gallup’s Moral Issues Survey was administered in May 2023 against the backdrop of the Tree ofLife Synagogue trial in Pittsburgh. Gallup reported a slight (5%) increase in the number of respondentswho believe that capital punishment is morally acceptable, with 60% of individuals responding in theaffirmative. The results of this survey have varied over the past two decades, reaching a high of 71% in2006. Gallup reports that 82% of Republ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2023-year-end-report ) [223] => Array ( [objectID] => 23644 [title] => The Illusion of Heightened Standards in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1706140800 [date] => 25/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-illusion-of-heightened-standards-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on April 3, 2023.The death penalty has gained its legitimacy from the belief that capital prosecutions are more procedurally rigorous than noncapi-tal prosecutions. This Article reveals how a project of heightened capital standards, set in motion when the Supreme Court ended and then revived the death penalty, was set up to fail. In establishing what a constitutional death penalty would look like, the Court in 1976 called for heightened standards of reliability in capital cases. In the late 1970s and early 80s, the Supreme Court laid out specific constitutional procedures that must be applied in capital cases, and left the door open for the Eighth Amendment to do even more. In the decades that followed, state and federal courts have fueled a perception of heightened procedural rigor in capital cases by referring repeatedly to the heightened standards applica-ble in capital cases. [texte] => 101THE ILLUSION OF HEIGHTENEDSTANDARDS IN CAPITAL CASESAnna VanCleave*The death penalty has gained its legitimacy from the belief that capitalprosecutions are more procedurally rigorous than noncapital prosecutions.This Article reveals how a project of heightened capital standards, set inmotion when the Supreme Court ended and then revived the death penalty,was set up to fail.In establishing what a constitutional death penalty would look like,the Court in 1976 called for heightened standards of reliability in capitalcases. In the late 1970s and early 80s, the Supreme Court laid out specificconstitutional procedures that must be applied in capital cases, and left thedoor open for the Eighth Amendment to do even more. In the decades thatfollowed, state and federal courts have fueled a perception of heightenedprocedural rigor in capital cases by referring repeatedly to the heightenedstandards applicable in capital cases.However, a review of courts’ application of a standard of “heightenedreliability” reveals that (1) courts routinely use the language of “height-ened” standards while simultaneously applying exactly the same constitu-tional tests that are used in noncapital cases and demonstrating no seriouseffort to tie procedural rigor to the severity of punishment; and (2) evenmore problematic, some courts have shown a willingness to use the“heightened reliability” language to justify a lesser procedural protectionfor capital defendants than that applied to noncapital cases—a perverseapplication of what was clearly intended to be an added measure of assur-ance that the death penalty is reserved only for those who are truly guiltyand who are the most culpable.This decades-long failure to observe meaningfully heightened consti-tutional standards calls into question the death penalty’s institutional legit-imacy and raises particular concerns in light of current Supreme Courttrends..* Associate Professor and Director of the Criminal Defense Clinic, University of Connecticut School ofLaw. My thanks go out to Bethany Berger, Steve Bright, Sanjay Chhablani, Brad Colbert, Todd Fernow, Cathe-rine Hancock, Alexandra Harrington, Katie Kronic, Vida Johnson, Leslie Levin, Kathryn Miller, Josh Perry,Judith Resnik, and Carol Steiker; and members of the NYU Clinical Writers Workshop and the Criminal Lawand Procedure discussion group at the 2019 Southeast Association of Law Schools annual conference. I owespecial thanks to Shiv Rawal and Hannah Lauer for their incredible research assistance, and to the wonderfuleditorial team at the University of Illinois Law Review, including Alex Bailey, Bryce Davis, Sarah Storti, JoeSelf, Dylan Burke, and Blythe Cardenas. All mistakes are, of course, my own.Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4407554I. INTRODUCTIONLast year marked the fiftieth anniversary of the Supreme Court’s decisionto end the death penalty, at least in the form it took across the country in 1972.1A half century after its demise and forty-seven years after its modern revival, theinstitution of capital punishment is in a strange place. On one hand, public sup-port for the death penalty is in steep decline,2 and state-by-state abolition movesforward.3 On the other hand, the federal government lifted a moratorium on ex-ecutions and pushed forward a record number of executions in 2020 and 2021.4Although the public has increasing concerns that death penalty procedures arenot adequate to prevent wrongful executions,5 the Supreme Court’s recentspeedy disposition of capital cases with execution dates suggests far more confi-dence in the judicial proceedings that came before.61. See Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 239–40 (1972).2. DEATH PENALTY INFO. CTR., THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2021: YEAR-END REPORT 35–38 (2022),https://reports.deathpenaltyinfo.org/year-end/YearEndReport2021.pdf [https://perma.cc/2BSL-SJSY] (hereinaf-ter DPIC YEAR-END REPORT). The latest Gallup poll shows support for the death penalty is at its lowest point inhalf a century. Id.3. In 2021, Virginia became the twenty-third state to abolish the death penalty (along with Alaska, Col-orado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia,Washington, Wisconsin), and three other states have moratoria (California, Oregon, and Pennsylvania), markingthe first time in history that a majority of states have effectively ended the death penalty. Id. at 1–2; DEATHPENALTY INFO. CTR., EXECUTIONS OVERVIEW: STATES WITH NO RECENT EXECUTIONS, https://deathpenal-tyinfo.org/executions/executions-overview/states-with-no-recent-executions [https://perma.cc/T5DW-45CN](hereinafter DPIC EXECUTIONS OVERVIEW). Fourteen states (California, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Lou-isiana, Montana, Nevada, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Utah, Wyoming,) have notcarried out executions in the last ten years. See DPIC EXECUTIONS OVERVIEW.4. See, e.g., DEATH PENALTY INFO. CTR., FEDERAL EXECUTION UPDATES, https://deathpenal-tyinfo.org/stories/federal-execution-updates [https://perma.cc/RK55-5ZS3] (hereinafter DPIC FEDERALEXECUTION UPDATES).5. See DPIC YEAR-END REPORT, supra note 2, at 36. In the latest death penalty survey by the Pew Re-search Center, seventy-eight percent of respondents said that “[t]here is some risk that an innocent person will beput to death,” and twenty-one percent responded “[t]here are adequate safeguards to ensure that no innocentperson will be put to death.” Id.6. The Supreme Court’s refusal to intervene in the midst of rushed litigation in late-stage capital caseshas been the subject of much criticism. See, e.g., Ngozi Ndulue, Symposium: The Shadow Docket Is Shaping theFuture of Death Penalty Litigation, SCOTUSBLOG (Oct. 26, 2020 10:42 AM), at https://www.scotusblog.com/2020/10/symposium-the-shadow-docket-is-shaping-the-future-of-death-penalty-litigation/ [https://perma.cc/3HWU-MZGH] (“The Supreme Court’s rulings on federal executions show the power and the danger of itsshadow docket. The injunctions issued the week of the executions involved important issues of constitutionallaw, statutory interpretation and administrative law.”). A minority of Supreme Court justices have, in recentyears, decried the Court’s refusal to stay executions even as legitimate and complex legal questions remain un-resolved. See, e.g., Barr v. Purkey, 140 S.Ct. 2594, 2595 (2020) (Breyer, J., dissenting); see id. at 2597 (So-tomayor, J., dissenting); United States v. Higgs, 141 S.Ct. 645, 648 (2021) (Sotomayor, J., dissenting); see id. at645 (Breyer, J., dissenting). In his dissent in Higgs, Justice Breyer laid out a litany of legal questions still unre-solved in the case and wrote: “None of these legal questions is frivolous. What are courts to do when faced withElectronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4407554When former Attorney General William Barr announced that federal exe-cutions would resume in 2020, he and others in the federal government empha-sized the degree to which those prioritized for execution7 had had been affordeda procedurally rigorous judicial process.8 In a series of briefs opposing late-stagestays and appellate review in these cases, the federal government repeatedly por-trayed the legal processes as robust, with many layers of review.9 The SupremeCourt permitted every one of the federal government’s thirteen executions to goforward.10The Supreme Court’s confidence in the proceedings in lower courts is notnew. In 2007, Justice Scalia wrote in a concurrence:The dissent’s suggestion that capital defendants are especially liable tosuffer from the lack of 100% perfection in our criminal justice system isimplausible. Capital cases are given especially close scrutiny at every level,which is why in most cases many years elapse before the sentence is exe-cuted. And of course capital cases receive special attention in the applica-tion of executive clemency. Indeed, one of the arguments made by aboli-tionists is that the process of finally completing all the appeals andreexaminations of capital sentences is so lengthy, and thus so expensive forthe State, that the game is not worth the candle.11Over the years, the death penalty has maintained its legitimacy through theidea that the processes that lead to execution are procedurally rigorous and thatlegal questions of this kind? Are they simply to ignore them? Or are they, as in this case, to ‘hurry up, hurry up’?”Id. at 646 (Breyer, J., dissenting).7. For an analysis of the lack of meaningful standards in setting up execution schedules, see generallyLee Kovarsky, The American Execution Queue, 71 STAN. L. REV. 1163 (2019).8. According to then-Attorney General William Barr, “Under Administrations of both parties, the De-partment of Justice has sought the death penalty against the worst criminals, including these five murderers, eachof whom was convicted by a jury of his peers after a full and fair proceeding.” Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Just.,Federal Government to Resume Capital Punishment After Nearly Two Decade Lapse (July 25, 2019), athttps://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/federal-government-resume-capital-punishment-after-nearly-two-decade-lapse[https://perma.cc/F5C5-KQNJ].9. See Response in Opposition to Emergency Application for Stay of Execution at 1–2, Mitchell v. UnitedStates, 140 S. Ct. 2624 (2020) (No. 20A32) (“The district court and the court of appeals accorded him extensivereview on direct appeal, collateral review under 28 U.S.C. 2255, and on his motion for relief from judgmentunder Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(6). This Court has twice denied petitions for writs of certiorari inthose proceedings, and applicant’s certiorari petition (and stay application) in the Rule 60(b) proceeding arepending before this Court (Nos. 20-5398, 20A30); Brief for Respondent at 2–3, U.S. v. Mitchell, 141 S. Ct. 216(2020) (No. 20A30) (“The dis [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4407554 ) [224] => Array ( [objectID] => 23643 [title] => Reducing Facial Stereotype Bias in Consequential Social Judgments: Intervention Success With White Male Faces [timestamp] => 1706140800 [date] => 25/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/reducing-facial-stereotype-bias-in-consequential-social-judgments-intervention-success-with-white-male-faces/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on December 18, 2023. Initial impressions of others based on facial appearances are often inaccurate yet can lead to dire outcomes. Across four studies, adult participants underwent a counterstereotype training to reduce their reliance on facial appearance in consequential social judgments of White male faces. In Studies 1 and 2, trustworthiness and sentencing judgments among control participants predicted whether real-world inmates were sentenced to death versus life in prison, but these relationships were diminished among trained participants. In Study 3, a sequential priming paradigm demonstrated that the training was able to abolish the relationship between even automatically and implicitly perceived trustworthiness and the inmates’ life-or-death sentences. Study 4 extended these results to realistic decision-making, showing that training reduced the impact of facial trustworthiness on sentencing decisions even in the presence of decision-relevant information. Overall, our findings suggest that a counterstereotype intervention can mitigate the potentially harmful effects of relying on facial appearance in consequential social judgments. [texte] => Supplementary MaterialsReducing the reliance on facial stereotypes in consequential social judgments: Intervention success with White male facesYoungki Hong1, Kao-Wei Chua1, & Jonathan B. Freeman11Columbia UniversitySupplemental Methods: Training Paradigm (Studies 1-4)Behavioral descriptions. We used 10 trustworthy and 10 untrustworthy behaviors for training (Supplementary Table 1; Chua & Freeman, 2021, 2022) in all four studies. 30 independent Mechanical Turk raters judged each behavioral description on trustworthiness using a 7-point Likert scale to confirm the sentences’ intended levels of trustworthiness. The agreement between raters was strong (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.92). The trustworthy behavioral descriptions were rated as significantly more trustworthy (M = 5.03) than the untrustworthy behavioral descriptions (M = 2.83), t(18) = 19.75, p < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 9.31). Both trustworthy and untrustworthy behaviors were similarly balanced and did not significantly differ in their distance from the midpoint of the Likert scale, t(18) = 1.30, p = 0.21, Cohen’s d = 0.61.Supplementary Table 1. Training behaviors and their ratings on trustworthiness. Behavior TypeBehavioral descriptionTrustworthinessTrustworthySurprised their significant other at work with flowers4.77TrustworthyVolunteered at a homeless shelter5.03TrustworthyHelped an elderly person cross a street4.93TrustworthyHelped their friend plan a birthday party for their child4.77TrustworthyVisited a sick friend at the hospital4.73TrustworthyLet a friend stay on their couch who lost their apartment5.03TrustworthyReturned $20 to someone who dropped it5.63TrustworthyPerformed a surgery free for someone who couldn't afford it5.13TrustworthyLet a friend win at cards because they had no money.5.30TrustworthyProtected their little brother from bullies4.98UntrustworthyRigged a lottery to steal from old people2.33UntrustworthySpat in another person's face2.80UntrustworthyThrew a rock at a neighbor's window2.90UntrustworthyScreamed at a scared kindergartener2.87UntrustworthySprayed curse words on someone's fence3.00UntrustworthyAte their friend's leftovers from the refrigerator3.10UntrustworthyTook a bribe to give a student a better grade2.70UntrustworthySkipped a work shift they committed to covering3.03UntrustworthyCheated on their spouse while on a business trip2.67UntrustworthyGot a promotion by lying about coworkers2.85 Supplemental Analysis S1To explore the effects of the training (control = -0.5, training = 0.5) on trustworthiness ratings (Study 1A), attractiveness ratings (Study 1B), sentencing recommendations (Study 2), and implicit trustworthiness evaluations (Study 3) directly, depending on targets’ real-world sentencing outcome (-0.5 = life in prison, 0.5 = death), we used linear mixed-effects models to predict these dependent measures. An additional advantage of these supplemental analyses is that the logistic mixed-effects models that predicted real-world sentencing outcome as the dependent measure in Studies 1-3 were not able to specify random slopes for stimuli due to the one-to-one mapping between the stimulus and the dependent measure. Here we circumvent that problem, allowing maximal specification of the random effects in our design (Barr et al., 2013). Thus, these models allowed for random intercepts and random slopes of the training condition for both participants and stimuli.Study 1A. The main effect of sentencing outcome was significant, b = -.06, SE = .03, z = 2.12, p = .03, 95% CI [-.12, -.00], indicating that inmates who were sentenced to death tended to be rated more untrustworthy than those sentenced to life in prison. The main effect of training was not significant, b = -.23, SE = .16, z = 1.43, p = .15, 95% CI [-.54, .08]. Critically, there was a significant interaction, b = .09, SE = .02, z = 5.85, p < .001, 95% CI [.06, .12]. The control participants rated inmates who were sentenced to death significantly less trustworthy (M = 3.48, SE = .12) than those who were sentenced to life in prison (M = 3.58, SE = .12), b = .10, SE = .03, z = 3.61, p < .001, 95% CI [.05, .16]. However, the trained participants rated inmates who were sentenced to death (M = 3.31, SE = .11) equally trustworthy as those were sentenced to life in prison (M = 3.30, SE = .11), b = .01, SE = .03, z = .47, p = .64, 95% CI [-.04, .07].Study 1B. The main effect of sentencing outcome was not significant, b = -.05, SE = .04, z = 1.25, p = .21, 95% CI [-.12, .03], indicating that inmates with different sentencing outcomes were not rated differently on attractiveness. The main effect of training was significant, b = .50, SE = .15, z = 3.40, p < .001, 95% CI [.21, .79], as participants in the training condition rated inmates higher on attractiveness overall than participants in the control condition did. Critically, the interaction was not significant, b = .01, SE = .02, z = .21, p = .83, 95% CI [-.04, .05]. The control participants rated inmates who were sentenced to death as less attractive (M = 3.07, SE = .11) than those who were sentenced to life in prison (M = 3.12, SE = .11), although the difference was not significant, b = .05, SE = .04, z = 1.23, p = .22, 95% CI [-.03, .13]. The same pattern of results was found among the trained participants. Trained participants rated inmates who were sentenced to death (M = 3.58, SE = .11) as less attractive than those were sentenced to life in prison (M = 3.63, SE = .11), although the difference was not significant, b = .05, SE = .04, z = 1.14, p = .25, 95% CI [-.03, .13].Combining data from Studies 1A and 1B and conducting a three-way interaction analysis revealed that the absence of a significant interaction in attractiveness ratings (Study 1B) significantly differed from the significant interaction observed in trustworthiness ratings (Study 1A). Specifically, we used a logistic mixed effects model to predict ratings based on sentencing outcome (-0.5 = life sentence, 0.5 = death), training condition (control = -0.5, training = 0.5), trait (trustworthiness-Study 1A = -0.5, attractiveness-Study 1B = 0.5), and their interactions. We found a significant three-way interaction involving sentencing outcome, training condition, and trait (b = .09, SE = .02, z = 2.24, p = .02, CI [.05, .13]) indicating that the two-way interaction between sentencing outcome and training condition was highly significant for trustworthiness ratings (Study 1A) (b = .09, SE = .02, z = 5.31, p < .001, 95% CI [.06, .13]), but not for attractiveness ratings (Study 1B) (b = .01, SE = .02, z = .30, p = .77, 95% CI [-.03, .04]). Study 2. The main effect of sentencing outcome was significant, b = .08, SE = .02, z = 3.49, p < .001, 95% CI [.03, .12], indicating that participants tended to recommend harsher sentences for inmates sentenced to death vs. to life in prison. The main effect of training was not significant, b = .04, SE = .10, z = .34, p = .73, 95% CI [-.17, .24]. Critically, there was a significant interaction, b = .06, SE = .02, z = 3.31, p = .001, 95% CI [.02, .10]. Control participants recommended inmates who were sentenced to death to receive significantly harsher sentences (M = 4.63, SE = .06) than those who were sentenced to life in prison (M = 4.50, SE = .06), b = .14, SE = .03, z = 4.41, p < .001, 95% CI [.08, .20]. The trained participants also recommended inmates who were sentenced to death to receive significantly harsher sentences (M = 4.57, SE = .09) than those who were sentenced to life in prison (M = 4.49, SE = .09), b = .08, SE = .02, z = 3.49, p < .001, 95% CI [.03, .12], although the magnitude of difference among the trained participants was smaller than among the control participants.Study 3. The main effect of sentencing outcome was not significant, b = 4.45, SE = 3.28, z = 1.36, p = .17, 95% CI [-1.97, 10.88], indicating that inmates who were sentenced to death elicited implicit trustworthiness evaluations that did not significantly differ from those who were sentenced to life in prison. The main effect of training was not significant, b = 4.57, SE = 6.41, z = .71, p = .48, 95% CI [-8.00, 17.14]. Critically, there was a significant interaction, b = .17.49, SE = 6.76, z = 2.59, p = .01, 95% CI [4.24, 30.73]. Among control participants, inmates who were sentenced to death elicited implicit evaluations that were significantly less trustworthy (M = 3.55 ms, SE = 5.68 ms) than those who were sentenced to life in prison (M = 16.75 ms, SE = 5.67 ms), b = 13.20, SE = 4.72, z = 2.80, p = .005, 95% CI [3.95, 22.44]. However, among trained participants, implicit trustworthiness evaluations did not differ between inmates who were sentenced to death (M = 7.73 ms, SE = 4.43 ms) vs. life in prison (M = 3.44 ms, SE = 4.44 ms), b = -4.29, SE = 4.70, z = .91, p = .36, 95% CI [-13.50, 4.92].Supplemental Analysis S2Study 1A found a significant interaction between trustworthiness ratings and training condition, while Study 1B found a non-significant interaction between attractiveness ratings and training condition. To establish that the two interactions are significantly different from each other, we combined the datasets from the respective studies and used a logistic mixed effects model to predict sentencing outcome (0 = life sentence, 1 = death) based on rating, training condition (control = -0.5, training = 0.5), trait (trustworthiness-Study 1A = -0.5, attractiveness-Study 1B = 0.5), and their interactions. The models allowed for random intercepts for participants and random slopes of rating for participants. The main effect of rating was significant, b = -.04, SE = .01, z = 6.60, p < .001, OR = .97, 95% CI [.96, .98], indicating that faces that were rated lower on trustworthiness or attractiveness were more likely to belong to individuals who were sentenced to death than life in prison. We also found a significant interaction between rating and training condition, b = .03 SE = .01, z = 2.93, p = .003, OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/09567976231215238?journalCode=pssa ) [225] => Array ( [objectID] => 23641 [title] => New Research Finds That Historical News Coverage Reduced Executed Black Men to “Faceless, Interchangeable Public Safety Hazards” While Executed White Men Were Portrayed As “Tragic Heroes” [timestamp] => 1706054400 [date] => 24/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/new-research-finds-that-historical-news-coverage-reduced-executed-black-men-to-faceless-interchangeable-public-safety-hazards-while-executed-white-men-were-portrayed-as/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on December 12, 2023.In a recently published academic article, Emory University History Professor Daniel LaChance writes about an important and underrecognized distinction in the way newspaper editors and journalists covered the executions of Black and white men in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Professor LaChance argues that the portrayals of the defendants made legal executions “a high-status punishment that respected the whiteness of those who suffered it.” While the length and detail of articles about the executions of Black men shrank dramatically over time, he notes that journalists consistently highlighted the humanity of white men who were executed, making it “easier for those who wanted to project a modern image of the South to distance capital punishment from lynching, a form of violence that was becoming a source of embarrassment for respectable white Southerners.” [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:Death Penalty Information Center About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet Donate Email Twitter Facebook Instagram LinkedInHome Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal InfoNewsNew Research Finds That Historical News Coverage Reduced Executed Black Men to “Faceless, Interchangeable Public Safety Hazards” While Executed White Men Were Portrayed As “Tragic Heroes” Facebook Share Tweet Tweet Email Email Posted on Dec 12, 2023 Race Georgia Louisiana State logo for Louisiana with White Pelican, "Union, Justice, Confidence"Homononsapiens, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia CommonsIn a recently published academic article, Emory University History Professor Daniel LaChance writes about an important and underrecognized distinction in the way newspaper editors and journalists covered the executions of Black and white men in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Professor LaChance argues that the portrayals of the defendants made legal executions “a high-status punishment that respected the whiteness of those who suffered it.” While the length and detail of articles about the executions of Black men shrank dramatically over time, he notes that journalists consistently highlighted the humanity of white men who were executed, making it “easier for those who wanted to project a modern image of the South to distance capital punishment from lynching, a form of violence that was becoming a source of embarrassment for respectable white Southerners.”Professor LaChance analyzed 667 newspaper articles that covered the legal executions of white and Black men from 1877 to 1936 in the Atlanta Constitution and the New Orleans (Times-Picayune). He found that in the first three decades of the post-Reconstruction era, from 1877 to 1906, journalists often reported extensively on executions, regardless of the race of the defendant. These accounts often portrayed the men being executed as “sympathetic souls” and “responsible persons whose humanity was recognized, even honored, during the very act of putting them to death.” As early as the mid-1890s, journalists began removing the humanizing elements of stories about Black men who were executed, reducing capital punishment to “a dry, technical procedure.” Professor LaChance’s analysis revealed that the average length of articles about Black male executions decreased 75% from 16 paragraphs to 4 paragraphs. While 74% of journal articles in the late 1880s and early 1890s quoted Black defendants in their execution stories, “the rate at which those men’s voices appeared in execution coverage had fallen nearly 60% to 13%” by the first decade of the twentieth century. Many articles began omitting pictures of these men as well, resulting in “condemned Black men increasingly appear[ing] as faceless, interchangeable public safety hazards the state was neutralizing with little fanfare.”By contrast, Professor LaChance found that journalists consistently portrayed “the legal executions of white men as events that honored their humanity.” During the same period (1892–1896) when Black male execution coverage averaged four paragraphs in length, the length of articles about white male executions peaked at 77 paragraphs long; these lengthy “sentimental execution narratives” continued well into the 1930s. Professor LaChance notes that “journalists turned condemned white men into tragic heroes and newspaper readers into surrogate witnesses to dramas of life and death.” Further, “[b]y treating condemned white men as fallen humans rather than vicious beasts, journalists protected white social solidarity.”Professor LaChance argues that these trends must be considered in the context of lynching trends in the South. By the 1890s, public spectacle lynchings were becoming a fixture of white violence against African Americans. The public nature of these lynchings “made whiteness by publicly negating Black people’s status as fellow human beings endowed with legal rights and eternal souls,” allowing the practice to serve as a uniting factor among white people. The focus on white people in articles about capital punishment—despite the data showing that they were the minority of those executed during this time—helped to legitimize the death penalty in the early- and mid-20thcentury, even though “[e]xecutions in the South were so often legal lynchings” during this era. TAGS Daniel LaChance SourcesDaniel LaChance, The Death Penalty in Black and White: Execution Coverage in Two Southern Newspapers, 1877 – 1936, Law & Social Inquiry (August 2023).RaceJan 23, 2024United States Supreme Court Asked to Consider Another Case of Racially Biased Prosecutorial Jury StrikesUnited States Supreme Court Asked to Consider Another Case of Racially Biased Prosecutorial Jury StrikesRaceJan 02, 2024NEW STUDY: Research Suggests the Arbitrariness of Facial Features Affects Jurors’ Sentencing Decisions in Death Penalty CasesNEW STUDY: Research Suggests the Arbitrariness of Facial Features Affects Jurors’ Sentencing Decisions in Death Penalty CasesRaceDec 14, 2023Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty Releases its 2023 Year in Review ReportTexas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty Releases its 2023 Year in Review ReportJoin our mailing listDeath Penalty Information Center Email Twitter Facebook Instagram LinkedIn Policy Issues Arbitrariness Costs Deterrence Innocence Intellectual Disability Juveniles International Mental Illness Prosecutorial Accountability Race Representation Sentencing Alternatives Victims' FamiliesFacts & Research Fact Sheet Death Penalty Census Clemency Crimes Punishable by Death DPIC Reports History of the Death Penalty Innocence Database Murder Rates Public Opinion Recent Legislative Activity Religion Sentencing Data Student Research Center United States Supreme CourtExecutions Executions Overview Upcoming Executions Execution Database Methods of Execution Botched Executions Lethal InjectionDeath Row Death Row Overview Conditions on Death Row Foreign Nationals Native Americans Time on Death Row WomenState & Federal Info State by State Federal Death Penalty MilitaryAbout About Us Staff & Board of Directors DPIC in the Media DPIC Testimony Press Releases Work for DPICFor the MediaResources Related Websites Publications & Testimony DPIC Podcasts DPIC Reports New Voices En EspañolFor Educators High School Curriculum Teacher's Guide College CurriculumFact SheetDonateDeath Penalty Information Center | 1701 K Street NW, Suite 750 | Washington, DC 20006Phone: 202-289-2275 | Email: dpic@deathpenaltyinfo.orgPrivacy Policy | ©2024 Death Penalty Information Center Tweet FacebookShare this selection Tweet Facebook [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/new-research-finds-that-historical-news-coverage-reduced-executed-black-men-to-faceless-interchangeable-public-safety-hazards-while-executed-white-men-were-portrayed-as-tragic-heroes ) [226] => Array ( [objectID] => 23639 [title] => Singapore’s death penalty for drug trafficking: What the research says and doesn’t [timestamp] => 1706054400 [date] => 24/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/singapores-death-penalty-for-drug-trafficking-what-the-research-says-and-doesnt/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on October 7, 2023.Of all retentionist countries, Singapore seems to be the most vocal about the need to execute individuals as a form of criminal punishment. MAI SATO (Monash University) reviews studies conducted or commissioned by Singapore’s Ministry of Home Affairs that claim public backing for and the effectiveness of the death penalty in managing drug trafficking. Sato finds that these studies provide far weaker evidence for using the death penalty for drug trafficking than their authors and officials citing them claim. [texte] => Skip to contentAcademia | SGAcademia | SGPromoting Scholarship Of/By/For Singapore Academic Views Editorials Opinion and Analysis Webinars Junior Scholar Seminars Book/film reviews Beyond rankings University governance Academic freedom Resources Singapore Presidential Election 2023 Singapore studies Special Topics Keywords POFMA GE2020 GE2020 Explainers About usSingapore’s death penalty for drug trafficking: What the research says and doesn’tAcademic Views / Saturday, October 7th, 2023MAI SATO (Monash University) reviews studies conducted or commissioned by Singapore’s Ministry of Home Affairs that claim public backing for and the effectiveness of the death penalty in managing drug trafficking. Sato finds that these studies provide far weaker evidence for using the death penalty for drug trafficking than their authors and officials citing them claim. Editors’ note: Given the gravity of crimes like drug trafficking as well as of the taking of human life by the state, the death penalty for such offences is contentious. We think discussions about these issues should be based on evidence rather than ideology — regardless of the stance someone ultimately adopts. This article is a contribution to that process. We hope that Singapore can have more serious, empirically-informed conversations in good faith about maintaining and improving law and order in ways that are not only just, effective, and appropriate, but also proportionate and non-excessive. Like all policy tools, capital punishment is only a means to an end and not an end in itself.Of all retentionist countries, Singapore seems to be the most vocal about the need to execute individuals as a form of criminal punishment. The two top executing States — China and Iran — do so in silence, rarely responding to international criticism, but Singapore is keen to engage in discussion about the benefits of the death penalty. It often takes the lead in various United Nations fora in defending the use of the death penalty. It vigorously rebuts criticisms made by individuals, ranging from articles written by journalists and activists, such as Kirsten Han, to comments made by the founder of the Virgin Group, Richard Branson. National media such as The Straits Times appear to merely echo the administration’s narrative on why Singapore needs the death penalty for drug trafficking. Last month, it published an article entitled “Capital punishment for drug trafficking essential to saving more lives: Shanmugam”, which essentially summarised a speech that Law and Home Affairs Minister K. Shanmugam gave to youth leaders. Shanmugam quoted Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) studies to back up the administration’s support for the death penalty. In this piece, I explore these claims by examining findings from the research conducted or commissioned by MHA. I am of the view that the available evidence does not provide as strong support for the use of the death penalty for drug trafficking as claimed. For this analysis, I wrote to MHA, requesting access to the studies. I was delighted to receive a response containing links to studies MHA completed. Disappointingly, the Ministry declined to share the anonymised raw data analysed in these studies, ruling out the possibility of secondary analysis and replication studies. The studies that have been made public were all carried out by Ministry staff, with one exception — a study commissioned by the Ministry and carried out by the Institute of Policy Studies (referred to as Study 3 below). The studies I analysed are the following: Study 1: Survey on Singapore Residents’ Attitudes Towards the Death Penalty 2021 Study 2: Public Perception towards Singapore’s Anti-drug Policies (pages 52-54) Study 3: IPS Study on Attitudes towards the Use of Capital Punishment Study 4: Perception of Residents in Regional Cities on Singapore’s Crime Situation, Law and Safety Study 5: The Impact of Deterrence on the Decision-Making Process of Drug Traffickers (pages 65-80) Study 6: Deterrent Effect of Historical Amendments to Singapore’s Sanction (pages 56-64)In sum, these studies conclude that: (A) there is strong public support for the death penalty; and (B) the death penalty works as a deterrent in relation to capital offences. I analyse each of these conclusions in turn. For reasons of length, detailed comments on the studies are placed in the Appendix to this article.A. ‘Overwhelming’ support for current policies According to The Straits Times article, Shanmugam said that the “overwhelming majority of people in Singapore today support the current drug policies”. In particular, he quoted “a survey which showed that 66 per cent of Singaporeans polled said the mandatory death penalty is appropriate for drug trafficking”.The survey that Shanmugam referred to appears to be from Study 1. In this survey, MHA measured support for the use of the mandatory death penalty by asking respondents to what extent they agreed or disagreed with the following statement: “The mandatory death penalty is appropriate as the punishment for…trafficking a significant amount of drugs” (emphasis added). Based on this question, the Ministry concluded that 66% of respondents “strongly agree[d]” or “agree[d]” with the statement. Although not referred to by Shanmugam in this article, Study 2 also asked a similar question (see my Appendix). This question in Study 1 contains a qualifier: it asks support for the mandatory death penalty for “trafficking a significant amount of [illicit] drugs”. The survey does not examine what respondents consider a “significant amount” of drugs or whether their perceptions align with the law. Under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1973, trafficking the following amounts of illicit drugs carries the mandatory death penalty: 30g of morphine, 15g of diamorphine (pure heroin), 500g of cannabis, 200g of cannabis resin, 1,000g of cannabis mixture, 30g of cocaine, and 250g of methamphetamine. The above amounts are larger than those for possession offences; however, whether they are “large” in the context of trafficking may vary. For example, in the State of Victoria, Australia, where I reside, the quantity threshold for trafficking cocaine is 250g, and a “large” commercial quantity threshold is 750g (for other illicit drugs, see page 8 of this report by the Victorian Sentencing Advisory Council). This question uses a 5-point Likert scale question, ranging from “strongly agree”, “agree” and “neutral” to “disagree” and “strongly disagree”. A Likert scale allows us to understand different intensities of views, measuring how strongly (or not so strongly) one feels about a position. The authors of Study 1 chose to combine the respondents who selected “strongly agree” and “agree” when reporting the results, meaning it is not possible to determine the proportion of respondents who “strongly agree[d]” with using the mandatory death penalty for individuals who traffic this significant amount of illicit drugs.Fortunately, Study 3 (not cited by Shanmugam in the article) provides insight into the proportion of respondents who strongly hold such views. They were asked to state the extent to which they agreed with the statement: “I believe the death penalty should be mandatory for a person convicted of intentionally trafficking a substantial amount of drugs”. This question narrows support for the mandatory death penalty to individuals who have trafficked a substantial amount of illicit drugs with intention, which excludes those who did not know that they were carrying illicit drugs (but probably includes those who were coerced into doing so). Combining respondents who selected “strongly agree” or “agree” with this statement, one could conclude that 62% are in support of such policy, yielding similar results to Study 1 quoted by the minister. However, respondents who “strongly” supported this view in Study 3 only amounted to 19%. Again, though, it is not possible to know what respondents in Study 3 had in mind with regard to “a substantial amount” of illicit drugs as it is not included with the question.In sum, I would summarise the level of support for the death penalty for drug offences in this manner, based on studies examined so far: around 62-66% of the Singaporean public “strongly agree” or “agree” with the use of the mandatory death penalty for individuals who traffic illicit drugs in significant/substantial quantities, though it is unclear what respondents mean by this. Those who strongly support this view are a minority (based on findings from Study 3). Another qualifier I would add when interpreting these studies is the respondents’ level of knowledge on the death penalty, to which I now turn. How knowledgeable is the public? If public support for the death penalty justifies Singapore’s use of this ultimate punishment, ideally such support should be informed by at least a basic understanding concerning the policy. Study 3 investigated exactly that. It concluded that “[r]espondents were relatively knowledgeable about issues relating to the death penalty” (emphasis added). Based on the number of true-or-false questions respondents answered correctly out of 8, the study found that 11% had “low” knowledge (0-2 correct answers), 46% had “medium” knowledge (3-5 correct), and 44% “high” knowledge (6-8 correct). The statements presented to respondents ranged from “Singapore has the death penalty for intentional murder“, which 82% of respondents correctly identified as “true” to “In the last five years, fewer than five people were executed yearly in Singapore”, which 13% correctly decided was “false”. The veracity of 2 of the 8 statements, however, is worth further examination. One of the statements identified as “true” reads: “Singapore has the death penalty for drug traffickers who traffic a substantial amount of drugs (e.g., 1,250 straws of heroin, which can [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.academia.sg/academic-views/review-of-death-penalty-research/ ) [227] => Array ( [objectID] => 23637 [title] => Death by Design: Part 2 [timestamp] => 1705968000 [date] => 23/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-by-design-part-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in December 2023.In "Death by Design" Parts 1 and 2, Wren investigated the state of court-appointed capital representation in Harris County—the death penalty capital of the world. The second report examines why that poor representation has thrived, and the ways that the judges overseeing those cases have enabled it to continue that way.Wren recommends a total overhaul to the system of capital representation for poor defendants in Harris County, with either the public defender absorbing those cases or the judges establishing a new, freestanding capital public defender that is independent from judicial oversight. [texte] => THE WREN COLLECTIVEDeath By Design:Part 2DECEMBER 2023D E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 21IntroductionSixty years ago, in Gideon v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court issued alandmark ruling that would ultimately ensure every person facing thepossibility of having their liberty stripped away would get an attorney if theycould not afford one. Poor defendants in Harris County, Texas, do get freelawyers, but too many are denied effective ones, especially in death penaltycases where their lives hang in the balance.On the anniversary of Gideon, the Wren Collective investigated the state ofcourt-appointed capital representation in Harris County—the death penaltycapital of the world— to see whether poor defendants are receiving effectivecounsel. We interviewed judges, trial and postconviction attorneys, andmitigation specialists. We reviewed data on caseloads, jail visits, and billingrecords. We also read postconviction pleadings from the majority of HarrisCounty capital cases that ended in death sentences over the last two decades.We focused primarily on those where individuals are still on death row and ona few who have had their sentences overturned. In total, we report on 28 cases.1All of the cases we examined involved men who were sentenced to deathrow, and an overwhelming majority of them—93%—were men of color. Ourresearch shows a system of representation that is broken.As we documented in part 1 of Death by Design, in every case that resulted in adeath sentence, trial lawyers failed to uncover compelling evidence that couldhave convinced a district attorney to drop a death sentence or a jury to give lifein prison rather than death. Attorneys failed to investigate and did not presentevidence of their client’s mental illnesses and intellectual disabilities. Theymissed galling examples of physical and sexual abuse of their clients becausethey did not talk to family or witnesses. They did not prepare importantexperts to testify until the day that they were supposed to take the stand.The first report largely dealt with the failings of the lawyers in capital cases.This report examines why that poor representation has thrived, and the waysthat the judges overseeing those cases have enabled it to continue that way.First, judges seemingly ignore the excessive caseloads that many attorneyshave, even though they are in charge of appointing lawyers to cases.Second, there is an inherent conflict of interest when judges are in controlof both the appointments and the purse strings of a case because it meansthe attorney’s livelihood is dependent on pleasing the judge. If judges valuequick resolution of cases over dedicated representation, a lawyer may feel,consciously or not, pressure to hurry the case along and ask for too little timeand money, at the expense of the client. We have heard numerous examplesof this occurring, especially when it comes to hiring experts and mitigationspecialists, who are tasked with investigating a client’s life history for thepunishment phase of trial.In every case thatresulted in a deathsentence, trial lawyersfailed to uncovercompelling evidencethat could haveconvinced a districtattorney to drop adeath sentence or ajury to give life in prisonrather than deathD E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 22Third, the judges in Harris County have never established meaningful trainingrequirements for lawyers, or any requirements at all for the mitigationspecialists. Therefore, many people perform their work without the trainingthey need in mental health, trauma, or even interviewing skills.In the end, we recommend a total overhaul to the system of capitalrepresentation for poor defendants, with either the public defender absorbingthose cases or the judges establishing a new, freestanding capital publicdefender that is independent from judicial oversight. Such systemsexist across the country and have been enormously effective in providingconstitutionally compliant representation to individuals facing the ultimatepunishment. Harris County should follow suit.Part 1:How Capital Defense Operatesin Harris CountyHarris County has a hybrid system of representation. While it has a publicdefender’s office that handles many of the cases in the county, court-appointedprivate lawyers handle the bulk of the most serious cases (where a lawyerhas not been retained). Court-appointed private lawyers handle all of thenon-retained capital murder cases, which carry a sentence of either life withoutparole or death. Such a hybrid system is not uncommon across the country.The District Attorney does not seek the death penalty in every capital murdercase, and the county has seen a sharp decline in the number of death penaltysentences sought in the last decade.2 But both judges and defense attorneysmust treat every capital murder charge as if death will be sought, because theDistrict Attorney’s office does not make a decision right away on whether itwill seek death. Sometimes, it can take years for them to make that choice. Asof this writing, there are 418 pretrial pending capital murder cases.3Because of the complexity of capital murder cases, judges must appointtwo lawyers: one who sits “first chair” and one who sits “second chair.” Therequirements for a first chair attorney, discussed below, are more stringent,and include experience having introduced mitigation evidence in a deathpenalty trial. Judges select attorneys from a list of those who meet certainqualifications, which for first chair lawyers includes experience presentingmental health evidence.4 Those attorneys must in turn request funds to payfor an investigator, a mitigation specialist to examine the client’s life andmental health, and any other necessary experts. Harris County has just 46 5individuals qualified to serve as first chair capital attorneys.Both judges anddefense attorneysmust treat everycapital murdercharge as if death willbe sought, becausethe District Attorney’soffice does not makea decision on whetherit will seek deathright awayD E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 23Part 2:The Unique Job ofCapital DefendersEffective representation in a death penalty case requires vastly more time,effort, funding, and training than other cases. Jury selection alone can last amonth or longer, as attorneys must probe whether jurors will automaticallysentence a person to death if he or she is convicted of murder. The guilt phaseof the trial largely mirrors any other murder trial, but if the jury convicts, thatis where the similarities end.As described in part 1 of our report, the trial then moves into the punishmentphase, where the jury decides whether to sentence the person to life or death.First, the government presents any aggravating evidence to show that theindividual will pose a future danger to society. 6 Its presentation might includeevidence of other offenses that were not at issue in the guilt phase of the trial,such as prior assaults or robberies. The defense, therefore, must essentiallyinvestigate and defend against an entirely new set of charges; sometimes,there are multiple criminal allegations.The defense then presents their own case and tries to explain to the jury howthe individual ended up where he or she did, committing a horrible and violentcrime. This is where the defense introduces evidence of the accused’s lifehistory, including any evidence of physical or sexual abuse, neglect, or trauma.They present any evidence that exists showing mental illness, intellectualdisability, and any brain damage. They must put on both witnesses who knewthe defendant throughout his or her life, and experts who have interviewedthose witnesses and examined the person facing a death sentence.In this way, capital defense representation is very different from all other criminaldefense work. To save their client’s life, lawyers must convince people to sharetheir most guarded secrets and to recount their most traumatic experiences.Developing that kind of trust can take months, if not years. Defense attorneysmust also engage in a wide-ranging understanding of complex forensicevidence, mental health disorders, intellectual disability, trauma, and abuse.7Capital defense lawyers, no matter how experienced, cannot perform thiswork alone. They must assemble a well-rounded defense team consistingof an investigator and a mitigation specialist who understands trauma andmental illness and can collect extensive life history records such as school,medical, birth, psychiatric, prison and jail, and often child protective servicesrecords. And the team must hire experts who can effectively evaluate theclient for mental illness. The job of the capital defense lawyer is enormous,and the stakes are at their highest. There is nothing that compares to it inthe justice system.8D E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 24Part 3:The Problems with CapitalDefense in Harris CountyAs our first report demonstrated, the culture of capital defense representationin Harris County is broken. In nearly every death sentence that occurred,lawyers largely abdicated their duty to conduct a robust, vigorous investigationinto their client’s life history. They missed clear signs of mental illness andsometimes intellectual disability. They prepared witnesses in the courthouse,immediately before they took the stand. At nearly every turn, they failed todo what was necessary to save their clients’ lives. Below, we discuss whythat culture has flourished.9I. Lawyers’ unmanageable caseloads and the judges who allow itOne of the biggest problems we saw is that many capital lawyers in HarrisCounty have unmanageable caseloads, a situation that judges have allowedto continue. Part of the problem is that there are not enough lawyers whoare qualified to take on these cases: There are 46 lawyers qualified to serveas first chair and over 400 pending capital murder cases. But whatever thecause, historically, many attorneys on the capital list sometimes have upwardsof 300 cases at a time (not all capital cases, of course), when the AmericanBar Association guideline [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.wrencollective.org/publications ) [228] => Array ( [objectID] => 23635 [title] => Death by Design: Part 1 [timestamp] => 1705968000 [date] => 23/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-by-design-part-1/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published in December 2023.In "Death by Design" Parts 1 and 2, Wren investigated the state of court-appointed capital representation in Harris County—the death penalty capital of the world.The first report delves into the failings of the lawyers in capital cases.Wren recommends a total overhaul to the system of capital representation for poor defendants in Harris County, with either the public defender absorbing those cases or the judges establishing a new, freestanding capital public defender that is independent from judicial oversight. [texte] => THE WREN COLLECTIVEDeath By Design:Part 1DECEMBER 2023D E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 11When he was just 4 years old, Christopher Jackson was sexually abusedby a teen boy he lived with—abuse that continued until he turned 9. Hisgrandmother, who took him in afterward, regularly beat him until he passedout. Jeffery Prevost was sexually assaulted when he was a child. His motherphysically abused him, at one point firing a gun at him. Mabry Landor, whosuffers from bipolar disorder, was sexually and physically abused by hisbrothers. Roosevelt Smith and Joseph Jean had an IQ of 69; they are bothintellectually disabled, and thus, ineligible for the death penalty.Each of these men went to trial in Harris County facing the death penalty.In every case, defense counsel failed to present this evidence, and juriessentenced all these men to death.Sixty years ago, in Gideon v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court issued a landmarkruling that would ultimately ensure every person facing the possibility of havingtheir liberty stripped away would get an attorney if they could not afford one.1Nowhere is that right more important than in a capital murder case, where thepotential sentence is death and where almost every person in this country whois charged with a capital crime is poor. That right, however, has been elusive indeath penalty cases in Harris County, Texas, the death penalty capital of thenation and the world.2Over the last few decades, news outlets have run periodic stories about deathpenalty lawyers in Harris County with too-high caseloads who have missedcritical filing deadlines or who did minimal work on their client’s case. Onthe 60th anniversary of Gideon, the Wren Collective investigated whetherthese stories were isolated examples of flawed representation or whetherthe representation reflected problems that exist throughout the system ofcapital defense. We interviewed judges, trial and postconviction attorneys, andmitigation specialists.3 We reviewed caseloads, jail visits, and billing records. Weread postconviction pleadings from the majority of Harris County capital casesthat ended with death sentences in the last two decades. We focused primarilyon those cases where individuals are still on death row, but also looked at a fewwhose sentences have been overturned. In total, we examined 28 cases.4Our findings are documented in this report. Theyare difficult to read.5 The system is utterly broken.In every case we reviewed that resulted in a death sentence, trial lawyersfailed to uncover compelling evidence that could have convinced a districtattorney to drop a death sentence or a jury to give life. Attorneys failed toinvestigate and did not present evidence of their client’s mental illnesses andintellectual disabilities. They missed galling examples of physical and sexualabuse of their clients because they did not talk to family or witnesses. Many didnot prepare important experts to testify until the day that they were supposedto take the stand.28death penaltycases in Harris Countyover the last twodecades ended witha death sentenceD E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 12Lawyers failed topresent available,compelling evidenceof their client’s mentalillness or seriousdevelopmentalimpairments.Lawyers failed topresent evidence ofphysical or sexualabuse, or sometimesboth.Lawyers failed topresent evidencethat their clientwas intellectuallydisabled, which couldhave rendered themineligible for thedeath penalty.Lawyers left outevidence of seriousparental neglect.In all 28 Harris County capital cases we reviewed, trial lawyersfailed to uncover relevant evidence. Of those cases...24cases16cases6cases23casesLike most aspects of the legal system, people of color suffered the most frompoor representation in death penalty cases. Of the 28 cases we reviewed, 93%involved people of color. Seventeen are Black, eight are Latine, one is Arab,and two are white. All are men.Representing a client in a death penalty case is perhaps the most demandingwork in the legal profession. Like in all criminal cases, capital attorneys mustinvestigate the factual case and then try to show a jury that the governmenthas not proven the client’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. But that is wherethe similarities end. If the jury convicts their client of capital murder, the trialmoves into a punishment phase, where lawyers try to convince a jury that theirclient’s life is worth saving. To do this, they present the client’s life history, whichoften includes trauma, abuse, and mental illness—themes that can run throughseveral generations of the person’s family. The lawyers then present the client’slife story to the jury to explain how the individual reached the point where theycommitted such a brutal crime. The lawyers hope that this evidence, known as“mitigation,” will convince even one juror to spare the client’s life, leading toa life-without-parole sentence.6Uncovering this evidence requires thousands of hours of work, performedby defense counsel, a team of mitigation specialists with a background insocial work and mental health, and the input of expert witnesses such aspsychologists and psychiatrists. Casual observers might believe that a personfacing a death sentence will simply reveal to their lawyer every deep, dark,and painful thing that ever happened to them, as will their family members,but the opposite is generally true. The defense team must convince the client,who is often mentally ill, to revisit their own trauma and abuse. They mustconvince family members to describe shameful secrets, and even crimesD E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 13committed by other family members whom they love, including sexual orphysical abuse. It is rare that people will be so forthcoming with an attorneywho is at first a stranger and whose background is generally nothing like theperson they are representing, no matter the stakes at trial. The only way togain this information is to earn the client and family’s trust. Doing so requirestime, patience, kindness, and work.This work is so hard that investigations revealeffective lawyers spend several thousand hourson these cases, even before trial.7In the cases we reviewed with publicly available data on caseloads, whichincludes all those from 2014 on, almost all lawyers had unmanageable case-loads, several with 400 or more at a time. As a result, some lawyers could notpossibly have worked the thousands of hours required to prepare for trial.Some lawyers did not even bother forming relationships with their client, onlyvisiting them once or twice in jail—and sometimes, not at all. The Harris CountySheriff’s Office was able to find and provide jail logs for 21 out of the 28 individualswhose cases we reviewed. 8 Analysis of those jail logs revealed the following:9Many of these individuals spent years in jail awaiting trial, rarely if ever seeinga lawyer.Part 2 of this report explores the structural reasons that poor representationhas thrived in Harris County capital cases. One of our major takeaways is thatthe people who historically have had the most power to improve the indigentdefense system in Harris County are the judges, but they have abdicated theirduty to do so. They appoint the lawyers, they control the funds that pay thelawyers and their teams, and they preside in the courtrooms where the casesare heard. Data on unmanageable caseloads is plentiful, and given that thereare over 400 pending capital cases in the county and only 46 lawyers qualifiedto serve as first chair on capital cases, the math is plain. The system as itstands cannot work. Yet presiding judges have either been unable or unwillingto monitor the quality of representation provided in death penalty cases or todo anything to change it.4clientsNo legal visits5clients1–5 legal visits5clients6–10 legal visits3clients11–15 legal visits4clientsMore than 20 legal visitsD E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 14Some might be skeptical of our findings outlining systemic problems inrepresentation because no appellate court has found these lawyers deficientand ineffective during postconviction litigation. But the criminal legal systemhas a vested interest in preserving the status quo by protecting convictionsand the trial lawyers who are necessary to make the system work. A person whohas been sentenced to death must surmount the fictitious legal presumptionsthat defense lawyers are competent and trials are fair in order to have theirsentence overturned.10 Additionally, a 2018 study of postconviction deathpenalty cases in Harris County found that in an astounding 178 out of 191 cases,judges simply signed the state’s proposed findings of fact, essentially allowing“the prosecutors to write their opinion for them,” and glossing over any claimsraising issues of ineffective assistance of counsel.11For too long, unprepared lawyers havedone little to stop their vulnerable,mentally ill clients from beingsentenced to death, and judges haveturned a blind eye to it. It is time fora sweeping overhaul of the way legalrepresentation is provided in deathpenalty cases in Harris County.D E AT H BY D E S I G N: PAR T 15William IrvanLawyers failed to present evidence of mental illness, physical abuse, andneglect; one first chair attorney jail visit, one second chair attorney visitA 2003 jury convicted William Irvan of capital murder committed duringa sexual assault and sentenced him to death. 12 Mr. Irvan likely suffers frombipolar disorder13 and organic brain damage.14 As a child, he had learningdisabilities and could not read until he was an adult;15 he dropped out ofschool in the tenth grade.16 His father was physically abusive, 17 and there isevidence that Mr. Irvan’s father raped his mother while she was sleepingin the bed with one of her sons.18The jury heard none of this evidence, however, because the trial attorneysdid not uncover it. 19 For the first two years he spent in jail, the defense lawyerconducted no mitigation investigation.20 Mr. Irvan repeatedly wrote to hislawyer, 21 and then eventually, to [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.wrencollective.org/publications ) [229] => Array ( [objectID] => 23632 [title] => Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences [timestamp] => 1705968000 [date] => 23/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/execution-in-saudi-arabia-2023-ongoing-bloodshed-with-unusual-sentences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on 22 January، 2024. The European Saudi Organization for Human Rights views 2023 as a year that demonstrated Saudi Arabia's inconsistency in using the death penalty. Besides the unexplained shift in the types of executed sentences, the implementation of death sentences for drug-related charges, and the disregard for international legal opinions, the high numbers indicate Saudi Arabia's determination to use the death penalty without restraint.In Saudi Arabia in 2023, 172 executions were carried out according to data from the Ministry of Interior published by the official news agency. The number of executions increased by 15% compared to the figure announced by the Ministry of Interior in 2022, where 147 sentences were reported, despite the mass execution of 81 individuals in 2022. [texte] => Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences2In Saudi Arabia in 2023, 172 executions were carried outaccording to data from the Ministry of Interior published bythe official news agency. The number of executions increasedby 15% compared to the figure announced by the Ministry ofInterior in 2022, where 147 sentences were reported, despitethe mass execution of 81 individuals in 2022.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences3Saudi Arabia carried out the first executions in the third monthof the year, resulting in an average monthly execution rateof approximately 17 executions over 10 months. Additionally,the death penalty was executed during the holy month ofRamadan, an unprecedented move as no executions had beenreported during this month before.It is not ruled out that the actual number of executions couldbe higher, as the official Human Rights Commission had statedthat the number of executions in 2022 was 29% higher. Thecommission reported 196 executions, while the official newsagency data mentioned 147. This is in addition to informationmonitored by the European Saudi Organization for HumanRights regarding secret executions.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences4Saudi Arabia executed death sentences for 134 Saudi nationals,accounting for approximately 78%. The remaining individualsrepresent various nationalities, including 8 Yemenis, 8Bangladeshis, 4 Pakistanis, 4 Indians, 2 Bahrainis, 2 Egyptians,1 Filipino, 1 Nepali, 1 American, 1 displaced person, 2 Sudanese, 1Ethiopian, 1 Palestinian, 1 Ghanaian, and 1 Jordanian.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences5The percentage of females subjected toexecutions in Saudi Arabia increased,with 6 women executed, constitutingapproximately 3.4%. This is an increasecompared to 0.69% in 2022 and 2021.According to official data tracking, 30of the executed death sentences wereissued by the Specialized Criminal Court,notorious for its use in criminalizingactivists. However, only 8 of thesesentences included charges of intentionalmurder. Therefore, more than 70% ofthe death sentences in the SpecializedCriminal Court are for charges thatare not considered most serious underinternational law, such as intentionalmurder. The charges mentioned in theMinistry of Interior’s data include Molotovcocktail throwing, sheltering and treatingwanted individuals, illegal exit from the country, and weaponpossession.Among those executed were the Bahraini youths, Jaffar Sultanand Sadeq Thamer, for whom the UN Special Rapporteurs hadurged the Saudi government tohalt the sentences due to theviolations they faced duringdetention and trial. They werenot charged with the mostserious offenses.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences6Among the death sentences carried out in crimes notconsidered the most serious under international law, SaudiArabia executed two individuals in 2023 on drug-relatedcharges, continuing to violate the moratorium on suchexecutions declared by the Human Rights Commission inJanuary 2020 and breached by Saudi Arabia in November2022. Among those executed for drug offenses were aPakistani national and the Jordanian citizenHussein Abu Al-Khair. The UN WorkingGroup on Arbitrary Detention deemed hisarrest and sentencing arbitrary, and severalUN rapporteurs had sent messages to theSaudi government regarding his case.Despite the lack of transparency and theabsence of any role for civil society, themonitored cases confirm ongoing violations accompanyingexecutions. These violations include secrecy in execution anddepriving families of their right to say goodbye, as Abu Al-Khairwas executed without notifying his family. Additionally, thereare violations in the trials where judgments are issued afterunfair trials involving torture, ill-treatment, and denial of theright to adequate self-defense.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences720162017201820192020202120222023621615411452According to the European Saudi Organization’s tracking, thegovernment continued its policy of withholding bodies in 2023,with the number reaching at least 146 bodies.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences8In 2023, the types of deathsentences in Saudi Arabiawere distributed as follows:66 were Qisas, 54 wereTa’zir, 50 were Hadd, and 2were military sentences.Qisas: These include crimes of physical harm leading to death,such as intentional and unintentional homicide. In thesecases, the family of the victim has the right to pardon theperpetrator or accept blood money (Diyah) as compensation.Murder sentences accounted for 38% of the total executionsin 2023. Notably, the severity of charges mentioned in theSaudi Ministry of Interior’s data, including killing relatives andchildren, stands out, with these crimes being absent from publicdiscourse. This suggests that they might have occurred yearsprior, but their execution at high rates in 2023 lacks clarity,compounded by the absence of any role for civil society orinvestigative journalism, alongside citizen intimidation.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences92010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20202 0212 02252333 325274 72 7254741305 9882023Hadd: These are fixed and specific punishments within Islamiclaw for specified crimes. There are strict legal and proceduralrequirements that judges are supposed to adhere to whenissuing judgments. Hadd sentences constituted 29% of the totalexecutions in 2023.Ta’zir: Ta’zir is applied in other crimes considered offensesagainst the state or society. It is discretionary, with judgesdeciding the punishment. Ta’zir sentences are not explicitlydefined by Islamic law, and Saudi Arabia uses broad andextremist interpretations to apply the death penalty as Ta’zir.Murder sentences as Ta’zir accounted for 31% of the totalexecutions in 2023.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences10In addition to the three categories, theMinistry of Defense announced in 2023the execution of two individuals undermilitary sentences. Military sentences arerarely issued and are difficult to trace,characterized by secrecy, raising seriousconcerns about the violations they mayentail.The European Saudi Organizationfor Human Rights notes a shift in thedistribution of the types of sentences.According to a joint study by the EuropeanSaudi Organization for Human Rightsand the Reprieve organization coveringexecutions between 2010 and 2021, Ta’zirdeath sentences constituted 47% of totalexecutions, Qisas formed 40%, and Haddconstituted 13%. Additionally, ESOHRobserved that similar charges resultedin different types of sentences, wherecharges of murder led to Hadd, Qisas, andTa’zir sentences.According to the figures, the percentage ofdiscretionary death sentences from the total executions decreasedin 2023 compared to the previous 11 years, by approximately16%. ESOHR highlights that successive official promises, affirmingthat reducing discretionary death sentences would contributeto an overall reduction in execution numbers, demonstrate theineffectiveness of these assurances.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences11The European Saudi Organization for Human Rights hasonly documented 5 cases before the execution of sentences,constituting approximately 2.8% of the total operationscarried out in 2023. This underscores the continued lack oftransparency in the Saudi government’s handling of the deathpenalty file. This indicates that the number of individualssentenced to death is unknown.Nevertheless, ESOHR is currently monitoring 66 cases ofindividuals facing the risk of execution, including 9 minors.According to the information, 2 of the minors, Abdullah Alderaziand Jalal Al-Labbad, face final sentences, meaning thatexecution could occur at any moment. Additionally, 7 otherminors, including Youssef Al-Munassif, Hassan Zaki Al-Faraj,Jawad Qarir, Mahdi Al-Muhsen, Ali Al-Sabaiti, Ali Al-Mubiuq,and Abdullah Al-Huwaiti, await Supreme Court approval.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences12Despite previous assurances by Saudi Arabia that it had haltedall death sentences for minors, it appears adamant aboutexecuting these sentences, responding to UN rapporteurs’messages with denial and deception regarding the violationsfaced by the minors.In addition to minors, other detainees whose cases ESOHRis monitoring face charges that are not considered the mostserious. For instance, the youth Mohammed Al-Faraj facesthe death penalty on charges,including insulting the royalfamily by chanting offensiveslogans during protests andgatherings. Similarly, thecourt sentenced MohammedLabad to death, even thoughhe surrendered after promises of amnesty, as he did not faceserious charges. The specialized court also sentenced youngmen from the Al-Huwaiti tribe due to their objection to plans todisplace them from their regions.Execution in Saudi Arabia 2023: Ongoing Bloodshed with Unusual Sentences13According to ESOHR’s tracking, violationsagainst detainees threatened withexecution persist after the issuance ofsentences. This prompted Saud Al-Farajto declare a hunger strike due to theofficial authorities’ refusal to address hiscomplaints.Additionally, the Public Prosecution is seeking the death penaltyfor detainees on charges related to expressing opinions, such asSheikh Hassan Al-Maliki, Salman Al-Ouda, and preacher AwadAl-Qarni.In 2023, the Specialized Criminal Court sentenced MohammedAl-Ghamdi to charges related to expressingopinions and using social media in a trial thatdid not exceed one month. The continuationof issuing and approving death sentencesconfirms that the promises made in recentyears regarding the death penalty fall withinthe framework of official propaganda and donot reflect the reality of implementing andceasing its political use.Execut [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.esohr.org/en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-2023-%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A8/ ) [230] => Array ( [objectID] => 24124 [title] => Documentaire: femmes dans la couloir de la mort [timestamp] => 1705449600 [date] => 17/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/documentaire-femmes-dans-la-couloir-de-la-mort/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Un regard déchirant sur la vie des femmes condamnées et les failles du système judiciaire américain. Aux Etats-Unis, 54 femmes « attendent » l’exécution de leur peine. Linda Carty et Melissa Lucio sont emprisonnées au Texas, Shawna Forde en Arizona. Elles se livrent. Parmi les prisonnières, certaines espèrent la révision de leur procès. [texte] => Un regard déchirant sur la vie des femmes condamnées et les failles du système judiciaire américain. Aux Etats-Unis, 54 femmes « attendent » l’exécution de leur peine. Linda Carty et Melissa Lucio sont emprisonnées au Texas, Shawna Forde en Arizona. Elles se livrent. Parmi les prisonnières, certaines espèrent la révision de leur procès. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Gender [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.les-docus.com/femmes-dans-le-couloir-de-la-mort/ ) [231] => Array ( [objectID] => 23422 [title] => International Symposium on the Right to Life in Taiwan [timestamp] => 1705017600 [date] => 12/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/international-symposium-on-the-right-to-life-in-taiwan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/International-Symposium-on-the-Right-to-Life-in-Taiwan-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) held a series of events including an international seminar, prison visit, and meetings that took place from 19-22 September 2023 to celebrate its 20th anniversary. [texte] => The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) held a series of events including an international seminar, prison visit, and meetings that took place from 19-22 September 2023 to celebrate its 20th anniversary. (more…) "International Symposium on the Right to Life in Taiwan" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [232] => Array ( [objectID] => 23405 [title] => Abolition in Africa- 77th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1705017600 [date] => 12/01/2024 [annee] => 2024 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-in-africa-achpr-77th-ordinary-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/ACHPR-77-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) 77th Public Ordinary Session was held in Arusha, Tanzania from 20 October – 9 November 2023. [texte] => The ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) 77th Public Ordinary Session was held in Arusha, Tanzania from 20 October – 9 November 2023. (more…) "Abolition in Africa- 77th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda [1] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [233] => Array ( [objectID] => 23374 [title] => Advocating for the Adoption of the Draft Protocol by the African Union: A Step in the Right Direction for Abolition in Africa [timestamp] => 1702598400 [date] => 15/12/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/advocating-for-the-adoption-of-the-draft-protocol-by-the-african-union-a-step-in-the-right-direction-for-abolition-in-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Advocacy-in-Addis-Ababa-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Advocacy in Addis-Ababa On the 10 October 2023, the FIACAT (International Federation of ACATs), and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, represented by Ms. Florence Ayivor-Vieira of ACAT-Ghana and Mr. Hervé Nsabimana of CODHAS (Centre d’observation des Droits de l’Homme et d’Assistance Sociale), Co-Chairpersons of the World Coalition’s working group on the draft protocol […] [texte] => Advocacy in Addis-AbabaOn the 10 October 2023, the FIACAT (International Federation of ACATs), and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, represented by Ms. Florence Ayivor-Vieira of ACAT-Ghana and Mr. Hervé Nsabimana of CODHAS (Centre d’observation des Droits de l’Homme et d’Assistance Sociale), Co-Chairpersons of the World Coalition’s working group on the draft protocol were in met in Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia. (more…) "Advocating for the Adoption of the Draft Protocol by the African Union: A Step in the Right Direction for Abolition in Africa " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [234] => Array ( [objectID] => 23364 [title] => Transitional Justice Working Group (TJWG) [timestamp] => 1702598400 [date] => 15/12/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/transitional-justice-working-group-tjwg/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/transitional-Justice-Working-Group-500x184.jpg [extrait] => As a human rights documentation NGO, TJWG has published biennial reports on public executions in North Korea based on interviews with North Korean defectors in 2017, 2019 and 2021. TJWG has also been calling for the complete abolition of the death penalty in North and South Korea, which has maintained it in the laws even […] [texte] => As a human rights documentation NGO, TJWG has published biennial reports on public executions in North Korea based on interviews with North Korean defectors in 2017, 2019 and 2021.TJWG has also been calling for the complete abolition of the death penalty in North and South Korea, which has maintained it in the laws even though no one has actually been executed since December 1997. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [235] => Array ( [objectID] => 23354 [title] => Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU), University of Oxford [timestamp] => 1702598400 [date] => 15/12/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/death-penalty-research-unit-dpru-university-of-oxford/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/death_penalty_research_unit_dpru-500x500.jpg [extrait] => The Death Penalty Research Unit has three main aims: to develop empirical, theoretical and policy-relevant research on the death penalty worldwide; to encourage death penalty scholarship including at graduate level, through education, events, research dissemination and an active blog; and to engage in knowledge production, exchange and dissemination in cooperation with civil society, charities, legal […] [texte] => The Death Penalty Research Unit has three main aims: to develop empirical, theoretical and policy-relevant research on the death penalty worldwide; to encourage death penalty scholarship including at graduate level, through education, events, research dissemination and an active blog; and to engage in knowledge production, exchange and dissemination in cooperation with civil society, charities, legal practitioners, policy-makers and local academics in those countries where research is ongoing.Part of the Oxford Centre’s Global Criminal Justice Hub, the DPRU focuses on the retention, administration and politics of the death penalty worldwide. We aim to understand the rationales for the death penalty, how it is used in practice, and its diverse application and impact on communities.We are committed to working with our partners in various regions on collaborative production and dissemination of empirical and theoretical knowledge. This work is not only aimed at elucidating the law and practice of capital punishment worldwide, but at challenging it, with the explicit aim of abolition or, failing that, progressive restriction.The DPRU is led by Professor Carolyn Hoyle. It builds on the strong foundations laid by the late Professor Roger Hood, Director of the Centre for Criminology from 1973 to 2003. Much of our work is done in partnership with The Death Penalty Project, a London-based legal action charity with many years of experience of litigation, capacity building and research.The DPRU also collaborates with partner organisations and academics in the countries we work in; building on their research aspirations, training ‘local’ researchers in a range of research methodologies, and sharing in the production and dissemination of outputs. In so doing, we seek to ensure that our research has an impact on governments, civil society, legal practitioners and those who are subject to criminal justice systems, while also assisting in the development of scholarship in these regions. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [236] => Array ( [objectID] => 23335 [title] => World Psychiatric Association position statement mental health and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1701302400 [date] => 30/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-psychiatric-association-position-statement-mental-health-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => International law and laws of various countries prohibit the imposition of the death penalty on personswith mental illness or developmental and intellectual disabilities due to the special barriers faced bythem in defending themselves; their limited moral culpability; and their diminished ability tounderstand the nature and reason for their execution. However, due to lack of accommodations incriminal proceedings and legal safeguards, persons with mental illness, developmental and intellectualdisabilities are at a greater risk of being sentenced to death and having their fair trial rights denied. Authors:Maitreyi Misra, Director (Mental Health and Criminal Justice), Project 39A, National Law UniversityDelhi.Namrata Sinha, Research Associate (Mental Health and Criminal Justice), Project 39A, National LawUniversity Delhi.Neeraj Gill, Professor, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra and Griffith University,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.Soumitra Pathare, Consultant Psychiatrist, Director, Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, ILSLaw College, Pune.Afzal Javed, President, World Psychiatric Association. [texte] => 1Approved at the General Assembly in Vienna on 30 September 2023WORLD PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATIONPOSITION STATEMENTMENTAL HEALTH AND THE DEATH PENALTYGA23.10.19Authors:Maitreyi Misra, Director (Mental Health and Criminal Justice), Project 39A, National Law UniversityDelhi.Namrata Sinha, Research Associate (Mental Health and Criminal Justice), Project 39A, National LawUniversity Delhi.Neeraj Gill, Professor, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra and Griffith University,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.Soumitra Pathare, Consultant Psychiatrist, Director, Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, ILSLaw College, Pune.Afzal Javed, President, World Psychiatric Association.___________________________________________________________________________SUMMARYInternational law and laws of various countries prohibit the imposition of the death penalty on personswith mental illness or developmental and intellectual disabilities due to the special barriers faced bythem in defending themselves; their limited moral culpability; and their diminished ability tounderstand the nature and reason for their execution. However, due to lack of accommodations incriminal proceedings and legal safeguards, persons with mental illness, developmental and intellectualdisabilities are at a greater risk of being sentenced to death and having their fair trial rights denied.Further, as has been shown through research, often there is an onset of mental illness after a personhas been sentenced to death and while living on death row. The death penalty has disproportionatelyimpacted persons with mental or developmental and intellectual disabilities. Psychiatrists play asignificant role in preventing the imposition of the death penalty on persons who may have mentalillness or developmental and intellectual disabilities. In addition to assessing and informing the courtsof the mental state of persons at risk of being sentenced to death or executed, they also help developthe law in tandem with contemporary medical and scientific jurisprudence; and provide treatment topersons sentenced to death, with mental illness or developmental and intellectual disabilities.Accordingly, this position statement aims to prevent the imposition on the death penalty on personswith mental illness or developmental and intellectual disabilities. 2I. INTRODUCTIONThe death penalty remains a punishment in many countries across the world, even though mostcountries have abolished it as a form of punishment. As of July 2023, 112 countries had abolished thedeath penalty for all crimes, with only 55 countries being retentionist in practice, i.e., those whichcontinue to carry out executions.1 The remaining countries have either retained the death penalty forexceptional offences or have retained the death penalty but have not executed anyone in the past 10years. In 2022, only 20 countries carried out executions.2 Even though under international law, thedeath penalty is to be imposed only “in the most exceptional cases and under the strictest limits”,3there are multiple instances across countries, where the death penalty is imposed on the mostvulnerable persons, including those with mental illness4 or developmental and intellectual disabilities5,as shown in the sections below.Various professional organisations have taken a position against members participating inexecutions,6,7 have recognised the disadvantages that persons with mental illness and intellectualdisability face in the criminal justice system8 and have also taken a position against the imposition ofthe death penalty on persons with mental illness or developmental and intellectual disabilities.9,10 Forinstance, in 2018, the World Medical Association adopted a resolution that affirmed that it would beunethical for physicians to participate in capital punishment processes in any way.6The WPA has always aligned itself with social justice, non-discrimination and rights of persons withmental illness.11 It has been instrumental in moulding the role of psychiatrists as one of respecting andprotecting the rights of persons with mental illness, and in facilitating recovery and holding hope.12For instance, the WPA’s Position Statement on Prison Mental Health states that health care providersshould never be involved in cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment.13 The statementholds the view that prisoners shall not be subjected to, and shall be protected from, torture and othercruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The statement recognises that “mentaldisorders have a higher prevalence amongst prisoners than amongst people in the community”13(p7)and underscores the rights of prisoners to healthcare and rehabilitation. In addition, it recognises thatthe loss of a prisoner’s liberty is punishment itself and that the prisoner should not undergo additionalsuffering. Further, the WPA’s position statement on the Roles and Responsibilities of the Psychiatristof the 21st Century highlights the therapeutic role that psychiatrists should play.12 Its positionstatement on Social Justice for Persons with Mental Illness acknowledges that persons with mentalillness face discrimination and calls upon countries to actively engage psychiatrists and other mentalhealth professionals in the implementation of the UN Convention on Rights of Persons withDisabilities.11 In line with the therapeutic role that it urges psychiatrists to play, the WPA has takenthe position that psychiatrists should neither participate in executions nor in the assessments ofcompetency to be executed.73II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEMOGRAPHY OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATHThe United National Secretary-General (UNSG) in their report on the state of the death penalty in theworld has acknowledged that socio-economically marginalised and vulnerable communities aredisproportionately affected by the death penalty and are overrepresented among those sentenced todeath.14 The UNSG notes that not only does the death penalty disproportionately impact poor andeconomically vulnerable individuals but it is also discriminatorily applied against persons with mentalor developmental and intellectual disabilities. This concern has also been voiced by the UN SpecialRapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights.15Empirical evidence from multiple countries which frequently impose the death penalty alsodocuments this reality. For instance, data from India shows that 74.1% of the death row populationare economically vulnerable16 and more than 76% of the prisoners sentenced to death belong tomarginalised communities, including religious minorities.16 A study in the US found that poor blackmen formed a majority of death row prisoners in the state.17,18 A study from Bangladesh found that72% of prisoners belonged to economically vulnerable backgrounds.19 A similar situation exists inKenya where the majority of those on death row are poor and have little to no education.15,20,21Similarly, death row prisoners in Pakistan, China, Malaysia and Nigeria have also been found to befrom economically vulnerable backgrounds.22In addition to socio-economic vulnerability, studies have found that an overwhelming number ofdeath row prisoners experience multiple adversities during childhood and adolescence. For instance,a study in the United States found that a considerable number of those on death row had preconfinement histories of disturbed families of origin, parental alcoholism, childhood abuse andneglect, and/or personal substance dependence.17A study from India found that 82% of the prisonerson death row experienced three or more adverse childhood experiences, and 90% had been exposedto traumatic experiences.23III. HIGH RATES OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND DEVELOPMENTAL AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES AMONG PRISONERSSENTENCED TO DEATHIn addition to these vulnerabilities, evidence indicates high rates of mental illness and developmentaland intellectual disabilities among persons living under the sentence of death. A study from Indiafound that 62.2% of death row prisoners interviewed had at least one mental illness. Rates ofdepression and anxiety were 11 and 3 times higher among those interviewed than the communitypopulation, respectively. Rates of schizophrenia were approximately 6% higher than the community 4population and cognitive impairment was found in 19.3% of the prisoners.23(chIV) The rate of suicidalideation among prisoners sentenced to death was 13.8%, and eight prisoners had attempted suicidein prison while 94% of them were at risk of suicide.23(chIV) This study also found connections betweenconditions of death row incarceration and poor mental health and mental illness.23(chIV,V,VII) The studyfound that persons with intellectual disability were disproportionately represented among death rowprisoners. The rate of intellectual disability was found to be 10 times higher than the communitypopulation.23(chVI)Similar evidence has emerged from the US. For instance, one study found that a significant percentageof death row prisoners in the US had histories of significant neurological insult, developmental historyof trauma, family disruption and substance abuse. This study found that the rates of mental illnessamong death row inmates were high, with conditions of confinement appearing to precipitate oraggravate mental illness.17 A survey conducted in Kenya also highlighted the severe adversepsychological impact of the death penalty. It found “psychological torture and emotional discomfort”to be a prominent impact of the death sentence.”24IV. INTERNATIONAL LAW ON DEATH PENALTY FOR PERSONS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS OR DEVELOPMENTAL ANDINTELLECTUAL DISABILITIESWhile under international law there is no explicit prohibition against the death penalty25, there hasbeen an incremental expansion of categories of persons on whom the death penalty cannot beimposed. Initially, there was a prohibition on the use of the death penalty on juveniles and pregnantmothers.25 The prohibition was later [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Intellectual Disability ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://www.wpanet.org/_files/ugd/842ec8_954aafaa000b4ce38c282309ef68b6f9.pdf ) [237] => Array ( [objectID] => 23325 [title] => Kurdpa Human Rights Organization [timestamp] => 1701216000 [date] => 29/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kurdpa-human-rights-organization/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/logo-Kurdpa.png [extrait] => KURDPA is a human rights organization and independent news agency, and is a leading source for the latest information on Kurdistan in Iran, with daily coverage in three languages. Founded in 2011, KURDPA’s on-the-ground reporting highlights human rights concerns affecting the Iranian Kurdish community. Kurdpa Organization intends to compensate the existing shortcomings in identifying and […] [texte] => KURDPA is a human rights organization and independent news agency, and is a leading source for the latest information on Kurdistan in Iran, with daily coverage in three languages. Founded in 2011, KURDPA’s on-the-ground reporting highlights human rights concerns affecting the Iranian Kurdish community. Kurdpa Organization intends to compensate the existing shortcomings in identifying and reporting human rights violations and fill the existing gaps. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [238] => Array ( [objectID] => 23314 [title] => Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD) [timestamp] => 1701216000 [date] => 29/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/bahrain-institute-for-rights-and-democracy-bird/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/bird-logo-500x231.jpg [extrait] => The Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD) is a non-profit organisation focusing on advocacy, education and awareness for the calls of democracy and human rights in Bahrain. BIRD was established in 2013 after co-founder and current Director of Advocacy, Sayed Alwadaei, fled Bahrain after being imprisoned and tortured following participation in the 2011 democratic […] [texte] => The Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD) is a non-profit organisation focusing on advocacy, education and awareness for the calls of democracy and human rights in Bahrain. BIRD was established in 2013 after co-founder and current Director of Advocacy, Sayed Alwadaei, fled Bahrain after being imprisoned and tortured following participation in the 2011 democratic uprising.BIRD works by engaging with victims of human rights abuse in Bahrain to provide them recourse to aid and justice. We also engage with key international actors and governments to advocate for policies that support human rights in Bahrain.BIRD maintains an in-country network, through which they are able to access detailed information about all prisoners on the country’s death row.BIRD works alongside NGO coalitions, international bodies, members of the British-Bahraini community, Bahraini activists, and the UK public to raise awareness of the human rights situation in Bahrain.BIRD’s mission is to promote human rights and effective accountability in Bahrain. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [239] => Array ( [objectID] => 23304 [title] => European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR) [timestamp] => 1701216000 [date] => 29/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/european-saudi-organization-for-human-rights-esohr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/logo-ESOHR.jpg [extrait] => Founded in 2013 in response to extensive human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia, European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR), which is based in Berlin, emerged in the face of a robust campaign aimed at suppressing civil society and curtailing the activities of human rights advocates. ESOHR is committed to the abolition of the death […] [texte] => Founded in 2013 in response to extensive human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia, European Saudi Organization for Human Rights (ESOHR), which is based in Berlin, emerged in the face of a robust campaign aimed at suppressing civil society and curtailing the activities of human rights advocates.ESOHR is committed to the abolition of the death penalty in Saudi Arabia. Through rigorous research, activism, and international collaboration, ESOHR works tirelessly to raise awareness about the human rights abuses associated with capital punishment in the Kingdom. ESOHR strive to highlight the flaws in the Saudi Arabian legal system that often result in unfair trials and executions. By shedding light on these issues, ESOHR aim to pressure the Saudi government to reform its policies and ultimately put an end to the death penalty. ESOHR's efforts are instrumental in promoting the principles of justice, fairness, and human rights within the Saudi Arabian criminal justice system and on the global stage. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [240] => Array ( [objectID] => 23274 [title] => Reinforcing the Link Between Torture and the Death Penalty: 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1700179200 [date] => 17/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/reinforcing-the-link-between-torture-and-the-death-penalty-21st-world-day/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/visual-article-21st-world-day-500x250.jpg [extrait] => “There is no way in today’s world to apply the death penalty in a legal way, in a way that does not violate international law.” This was the bold and unequivocal assertion of former UN Special Rapporteur on Torture Juan Méndez in an online discussion with UN experts and exonerees organized by the World Coalition […] [texte] => "There is no way in today's world to apply the death penalty in a legal way, in a way that does not violate international law." This was the bold and unequivocal assertion of former UN Special Rapporteur on Torture Juan Méndez in an online discussion with UN experts and exonerees organized by the World Coalition on October 10, 2023 for the 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty (World Day). (more…) "Reinforcing the Link Between Torture and the Death Penalty: 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [241] => Array ( [objectID] => 23236 [title] => Debunking narratives for a return of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1699833600 [date] => 13/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/debunking-narratives-for-a-return-of-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/country-at-risk-meeting-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Time and time again, abolitionists have been making the case against the death penalty, highlighting how inhumane, inefficient and unfair it is. [texte] => Time and time again, abolitionists have been making the case against the death penalty, highlighting how inhumane, inefficient and unfair it is. (more…) "Debunking narratives for a return of the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives [1] => Philippines [2] => Sri Lanka [3] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Public Opinion [2] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [242] => Array ( [objectID] => 23200 [title] => CEDAW experts welcome World Coalition members in the #CEDAW86 side event on gender and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1699401600 [date] => 08/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/cedaw86-side-event-on-gender-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/CEDAW86-side-event-gender-and-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 22 October 2023, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) organized a closed-door side event on a gender-based and intersectional approach to abolition as part of the 86th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). [texte] => On 22 October 2023, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) organized a closed-door side event on a gender-based and intersectional approach to abolition as part of the 86th session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). (more…) "CEDAW experts welcome World Coalition members in the #CEDAW86 side event on gender and the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [243] => Array ( [objectID] => 23173 [title] => Importance of understanding phases of abolition: the danger of ‘abolitionist in practice’ [timestamp] => 1699228800 [date] => 06/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/importance-of-understanding-phases-of-abolition-the-danger-of-abolitionist-in-practice/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/discussion-about-moratorium-v2-en-500x250.jpg [extrait] => In July 2023, the World Coalition hosted a seminar in Malaysia in the context of its “Countries at Risk” project. This subject of informal moratoriums solicited much interest as participants considered preventative strategies for stopping a return to the death penalty, and what environmental factors need to be considered to implement those strategies. This article […] [texte] => In July 2023, the World Coalition hosted a seminar in Malaysia in the context of its “Countries at Risk” project. This subject of informal moratoriums solicited much interest as participants considered preventative strategies for stopping a return to the death penalty, and what environmental factors need to be considered to implement those strategies. This article aims to delve into the discussions that were held. (more…) "Importance of understanding phases of abolition: the danger of ‘abolitionist in practice’ " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [244] => Array ( [objectID] => 23148 [title] => Highlights: Discussion on torture and the death penalty with UN experts and exonerees [timestamp] => 1699228800 [date] => 06/11/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/highlights-discussion-on-torture-and-the-death-penalty-with-un-experts-and-exonerees/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/webinar-un-expert-exonerees-500x250.jpg [extrait] => For the 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to the reflection on the relationship between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment started in 2022, the World Coalition hosted an online discussion with United Nations experts Morris Tidball Binz (UN Special Rapporteur on […] [texte] => For the 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to the reflection on the relationship between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment started in 2022, the World Coalition hosted an online discussion with United Nations experts Morris Tidball Binz (UN Special Rapporteur on extra-judicial, summary or arbitrary executions) and Juan Méndez (former UN Special Rapporteur on Torture), and exonerees Herman Lindsey and Sabrina Butler-Smith from Witness to Innocence. (more…) "Highlights: Discussion on torture and the death penalty with UN experts and exonerees" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [245] => Array ( [objectID] => 22920 [title] => Mid-terms: A first half of 2023 marked by multiple abolitions [timestamp] => 1696809600 [date] => 09/10/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mid-terms-a-first-half-of-2023-marked-by-multiple-abolitions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/mid-term-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The first seven months of 2023 have been rich for the abolitionist community with a new abolitionist country, a new abolitionist state in the United States, as well as progress for abolition within multiple countries. However, some countries continue to use the death penalty and there have been alarming increases in executions. [texte] => The first seven months of 2023 have been rich for the abolitionist community with a new abolitionist country, a new abolitionist state in the United States, as well as progress for abolition within multiple countries. However, some countries continue to use the death penalty and there have been alarming increases in executions. (more…) "Mid-terms: A first half of 2023 marked by multiple abolitions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ghana [1] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [2] => Kenya [3] => Malaysia [4] => Saudi Arabia [5] => Singapore [6] => United States [7] => Uzbekistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [246] => Array ( [objectID] => 23109 [title] => Detailed Factsheet – World Day 2023 [timestamp] => 1696204800 [date] => 02/10/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-world-day-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed factsheet on the link between torture and the death penalty, to mark the 21st World Day against the Death Penalty.Detailed factsheet on the link between torture and the death penalty, to mark the 21st World Day against the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-EN-Detailed-Factsheet_0-5_maquette.pdf ) [247] => Array ( [objectID] => 23089 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty – Lingala [timestamp] => 1696204800 [date] => 02/10/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-lingala/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/AfficheA3_CMPM_EXE_langues-lingalaok.pdf ) [248] => Array ( [objectID] => 23059 [title] => Leaflet Women and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1696204800 [date] => 02/10/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-women-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => WOMENAND THE DEATH PENALTY500to 1000 women are currentlyon death row worldwide(by 2022).between January 2010 and October 2021(IHR)42In 2022, women were on death row in at least 42 countries.(71% of retentionist and abolitionist in practice countries with more than 3 people on death row)In 8 countries, we have no access to data to confirm or deny the presence of women on death row (Afghanistan, Algeria, Laos, Libya, South Korea, Palestine, Somalia, Syria).).www.worldcoaliton.org#WomenOnDeathRow #IgnoredNoMorecountriescount8riesWomen account for aroundWomen have been executed in10016414 countries20since 2012.From each year5% 31of death row inmates worldwidebetween 2010and 2021(ESOHR et Reprieve)ChinaIran(CCDPW)Saudi ArabiatoMore than cartePROFILE OF WOMEN SENTENCED TO DEATHA large majority of women sentenced to death are from ethnic and racial minorities, are non-literate, have intellectual or psychological disabilities, and have experienced gender-based violence. In Gulf and Southeast Asian states, the majority of those sentenced to death are migrants (CCDPW).CRIMES FOR WHICH WOMEN ARE SENTENCED TO DEATHMURDER• Top crime for which women are sentenced to death.• Often committed against a family member in the context of gender-based violence, which is often not considered a mitigating circumstance (CCDPW).DRUG OFFENCES• Second most common crime for which women are on death row, particularly in Asia and the Middle East (CCDPW).• Linked to the economic and social marginalization of women.• Many victims of romance scams (feigning romantic intentions to gain affection and trust before using tricks to manipulate).VIOLATION OF SEXUAL MORALITY• In jurisdictions that apply Sharia law, the crime of zina, the criminalization of consensual sexual relations outside marriage, is used disproportionately to condemn women over men.Other crimes for which women are sentenced to death include terrorism, prostitution, blasphemy, kidnapping, armed robbery, and witchcraft. Intersectionality and the death penalty: disabilityagesexual orientationracecitizenshipgender and gender identity #WomenOnDeathRowGENDER DISCRIMINATION ON DEATH ROWPrisons, designed by and for men, often overlook the specific needs and vulnerabilities of women. Their needs such as sexual and reproductive health, medical and mental care, and protection from gender-based violence are not systematically addressed on death row. In addition, women prisoners are at risk of gender-based violence during their incarceration.The Bangkok Rules,adopted in 2010, are the first set of rules tailored to the treatment of women prisoners. They complement existing international standards on the treatment of prisoners, such as the Mandela Rules.WOMEN, TORTURE ANDTHE DEATH PENALTYTORTURE TO FORCE A CONFESSIONWomen victims of gender-based violence, who are over- represented on death row, are at risk of making false confessions when subjected to coercive interroga- tions, especially those carried out by men.DETENTION CONDITIONSThe specific needs of women, such as sexual and reproductive health, medical and mental health care, and protection against gender-based violence, are not systematically considered. Moreover, violence against women in detention - including sexual abuse and harassment, inappropriate touching during searches, rape, and sexual coercion - can rise to the level of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. #IgnoredNoMore Gender-based bias permeates criminal legal systems. Gender biases manifest themselves:• in the investigative stage by law enforcement biases;• at the trial stage, in which a fair trial may be unavailable for women facing harsh socio-economic deprivation and little access to education;• in sentencing, when women defendants are sentenced to death after being prevented from arguing that gender and patriarchy affected their criminal behavior. UGANDAIn 2022 there were 3 women on death row in Uganda (FHRI and PRI Uganda). In 2018 there were 11. According to Amnesty International, in 2021 at least 135 people were on death row in the country. Women therefore represent between 2 and 8% of death row prisoners. Of the 3 women on death row in 2022, all have been convicted of the crime of murder, oftencarriedoutinthe context of gender-based violence. Despite the prevalence of domestic violence,courts fail toconsider realities of spou- sal abuse to mitigatetheculpabilityofwomen defendants. Sunny Jacobs was sentenced to death with her husband in 1981 for a crime they did not commit. Sunny spent 17 years in a Florida prison, five of them awaiting execution, before her sentence was commuted to life imprisonment."Because I was the only woman with a sentence of death at the time, I was placed in solitary confinement in a separate building from all the rest of the prisoners where I was not allowed any contact with anyone, except the guards who were under orders not to speak with me. My living conditions were much harsher than those of the men’s. [...] I was allowed no contact with other prisoners, I only got out my cell twice a week for a brief shower and a short period outside with a guard who was under orders not to speak to me. I got no commissary, no exercise/ socializing privileges, and I was only allowed two books in my cell - a law book and a Bible. When I discovered that men had many more benefits than I did, I filed a federal lawsuit on the basis of my gender. I ultimately won that lawsuit and had to be allowed similar benefits to men, which they only reluctantly gave me only after transferring me to a diffenrent prison. [...]"Source : shared by Sunny Jacobs with the World Coalition in April 2023 KEY AWARENESS MESSAGESPending full abolition of the death penalty:1 234 5RESSOURCES• Judged for More Than Her Crime: a Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty(Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide)• No One Believed me: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty for Drug Offenses(Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide) • Silently Silenced: State-Sanctioned Killing of Women (Monash University)• Detailed factsheet, Invisible reality of women sentenced to death (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty)• Mapping of Women on Death Row(World Coalition Against the Death Penalty) Commute the sentences of women sentenced to death for killing close family members who have perpetrated gender-based violence against them, as well as the sentences of women sentenced to death for drug trafficking and other crimes not involving loss of life.Ensure that the criminal legal system takes full account of any mitigating circumstances linked to women's backgrounds, including evidence of previous violence and psychosocial and intellectual disabilities.Ensure that all persons facing the death penalty have their right to free and effective legal representation respected.Prevent the detention and prosecution of women for "moral and sexual" crimes and of people for their sexual orientation and decriminalize such offenses.In line with the Mandela and Bangkok rules, adopt gender-sensitive policies regarding the detention of women, ensuring their safety and security before trial, during admission to prison and while incarcerated. Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort, Mundo M 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, France Tél:+33180877043contact@worldcoalition.orgwww.worldcoaliton.org#WomenOnDeathRow #IgnoredNoMoreworldcoalition@WCADP @worldcoalition [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/World-Coalition-Against-the-Death-Penalty_Brochure-women-and-death-penalty.pdf ) [249] => Array ( [objectID] => 23041 [title] => Leaflet LGBTQIA+ people and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1696204800 [date] => 02/10/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-lgbtqia-people-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => LGBTQIA+PEOPLE AND THE DEATH PENALTYLGBTQIA+ PEOPLE ARE EXPOSED TO DISCRIMINATION THROUGHOUT THE LEGAL PROCEEDINGS:LGBTQIA+ people are more often arrested, imprisoned, and placed under surveillance than non-LGBTQIA+ people.In the US, LGBTQIA+ youth make up20%of all youth in the juvenile justice system, compared with 9.5% of the general population (Jones, A, 2021).AND ON DEATH ROW:12countriesTRANS PEOPLE AND THE DEATH PENALTY12 countries still have the death penalty for consensual same-sex sexual relations.LGBTQIA+ people are particularly vulnerable to abuse and mistreatment (WCADP, 2021).www.worldcoaliton.org#OurExistenceIsNotACrime #GenderandDeathPenaltythey account for8%of women sentenced to death.(CCDPW, 2020), while less than 1% of the general population is trans(Flores, A. R., Herman, J.,Gates, G. J. and Brown,T. N., 2016)United StatesWorldwide data on transgender people sentenced to death is largely non-existent. In many jurisdictions, self-identification is not possible.In the United Statestransgender women are overrepresented on death row: carteINTERSECTIONAL DISCRIMINATIONLGBTQIA+ people experience aggravated discriminationdue to other factors of their identity. For example, black transgender people experience higher rates of lifetime incarceration than other transgender people (Grant, J. M., Motter, L. A., & Tanis, J, 2011).Intersectionality and death penaltyINTERNATIONAL STANDARDSUNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE• Recognizes that the criminalization of same-sex sexual relations violates the right to privacy and the right to equality before the law.(Communication No. 488, Toonen v. Australia, 1994)• Recognizes that in no case may the death penalty be applied to punish conduct whose very criminalization violates the Covenant, includinghomosexuality.(General Comment No. 36 on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, concerning the right to life, 2019)UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL• Condemns the imposition of the death penalty as a punishment for consensual same-sex relations.(Resolution A/HRC/36/L.6 on the question of the death penalty, 2017)UNITED NATIONS COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN disabilitycitizenshipracegender and gender identity• Recognizes that the criminalization of same-sex relations violates a woman's right to non-discrimination .(Communication no. 134/2018 Flamer-Caldera v. Sri Lanka, 2022)ageorientationsexual #OurExistenceIsNotACrimeLGBTQIA+ PEOPLE, TORTURE AND THE DEATH PENALTYSEXUAL ABUSELGBTQIA+ people are particularly vulnerable to physical and sexual abuse in prisons, which can amount to torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (CIDT). Trans people may be placed in prisons that do not correspond to their gender, exposing them to rape and other acts of sexual violence. Trans and intersex people are also subjected to invasive strip and search practices to determine their sex.ACCESS TO CAREFailure to address the specific needs of LGBTQIA+ people, including sexual and reproductive health care, gender- affirming care, HIV care, mental health care and protection from gender-based violence, can turn their detention into torture.DETENTION CONDITIONSTrans people are often discriminatorily placed in solitary confinement supposedly to protect them from violence. United Nations experts have condemned long-term isolation as torture (Méndez, J., 2011). #GenderandDeathPenalty Death penalty for consensual same-sex sexual relations12countriesSame-sex sexual relations are punishable by death in 12 countries, the majority of which prohibit such acts only between men, and six of which actually implement the death penalty (ECPM, 2022). CASE OF SAREH SEDIGHI- HAMADANI ANDELHAM CHUBDAR IRAN October 2021Iranian authorities arrest LGBTQIA+ rights activist Zahra Sedighi- Hamadani, known as Sareh. They were accused of "promoting homosexuality". A few days later, their friend Elham Chubdar was also accused of "encouraging corruption and prostitution".September 2022Sareh and Elham are sentenced to death for "corruption on Earth", based on evidence obtained through forced confessions and other acts of torture.March 2023They are released on bail but still have to go through the courts.December 2022Death sentence overturned following intense public and international mobilization. KEY AWARENESS MESSAGES 1 234 5Pending complete abolition, declare a de jure moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty and, in the meantime, commute all death sentences.Decriminalize consensual same sex sexual relations between adults of the same sex and gender diversity and repeal all other discriminatory laws against LGBTQIA+ people.Commute the sentences of all persons convicted of these crimes, release any individualdetainedundertheselaws,and instruct prosecutors and police to cease prosecutions and arrests on these charges.Ensure that the specific needs of LGBTQIA+ prisoners are met and that they are protected from all forms of abuse, harassment, and violence.Institute prison and judicial policies to recognize and affirm the gender identity of trans prisoners and prevent and investigate discriminatory treatment, torture, and CIDT.RESSOURCES• State-sanctioned murder of sexual minorities (Monash University)• Love is not a crime (Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort)• Guide to transgender people facing the death penalty (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty)• State killing of same-sex attracted people: A pluralist legal account (University of Cambridge)• Briefing note: Abolish the death penalty and end its arbitrary use to punish LGBTIQ people (International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association Asia)• Defending Women and Transgender People Facing Extreme Penalties: A Practical Guide (Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide) Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort, Mundo M 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, France Tél:+33180877043contact@worldcoalition.orgwww.worldcoaliton.org#OurExistenceIsNotACrime #GenderandDeathPenaltyworldcoalition@WCADP @worldcoalition [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/World-Coalition-Against-the-Death-Penalty_Brochure-LGBTQIA_-and-the-death-penalty.pdf ) [250] => Array ( [objectID] => 23026 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2023! [timestamp] => 1695168000 [date] => 20/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2023/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/19-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-events-map-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Take action now! The 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. [texte] => Take action now!The 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. (more…) "Take Action for World Day 2023!" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [251] => Array ( [objectID] => 22999 [title] => UN Special Procedures toolkit – World Day 2023 [timestamp] => 1694995200 [date] => 18/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/referral-to-the-un-special-procedures-on-torture-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There are several ways in which individuals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can work with the UN to report human rights violations. One way is through the special procedures of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC). Find out how to work with them here. [texte] => 21st WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYREFERRAL TO THE SPECIAL PROCEDURES OF THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL:TORTURE AND THE DEATH PENALTYI. Introduction: What are the UN special procedures and how do they work?II. Why civil society organizations should use UN special procedures?III. How do I request an intervention from the special procedures?IV. How can we ensure that the intersectional discrimination faced by women andLGBTQIA+ people on death row is made visible in the use of the UN Special Procedures?AnnexI. Introduction: What are the UN special procedures and how do they work?Although the methods in this tool are applicable to many other issues beyond capital punishment, this practical guide has been written on the occasion of the 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty. It aims to provide guidelines on how to engage with the United Nations (UN) special procedures to draw attention to the link between the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP). This tool is intended for lawyers and civil society organizations who may be interested in working with the various UN human rights mechanisms, including the special procedures, but may not know how to get started. It was written by the International Federation of ACATs (FIACAT) with contributions from Amnesty International, Penal Reform International, and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Torture, which is strictly prohibited in all circumstances by Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is a peremptory norm of international law and thus cannot be derogated. Nevertheless, the death penalty is recognized as lawful under international law, if applied in full compliance with international restrictions and safeguards, as per the narrowly construed exception under article 6 to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Various reflections and interpretations of the international law today point to a growing recognition of the death penalty as a form of torture or other CIDTP. 1There are several ways in which individuals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can work with the UN to report human rights violations. One way is through the special procedures of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC).Special procedures are established by the HRC to examine, monitor, report and make recommendations on the human rights situation in a specific country or territory, or on a thematic area. They are comprised of independent human rights experts or groups of experts, who operate independently of governments, thereby playing an important role in monitoring the authorities and their policies around the world. As of 24 April, 2023, there are 59 special procedures: 45 thematic mandates1 and 14 country mandates.2To establish the link between the death penalty and torture, the following most relevant thematic mandates can be identified3 (although many other thematic mandates related to the death penalty exist):• the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.• the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions.• the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.A directory of special procedures mandate holders is available on the website of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).4Special procedures mandate holders carry titles of special rapporteurs or independent experts. However, some procedures consist of working groups, which are composed of five members, with one from each UN regional group. Mandate holders act in their personal capacity, which means they are not paid for their work and do not represent their country of nationality. Nevertheless, they are usually supported by a UN staff member.5The special procedures have four main tools at their disposal:1. Communications: One of the tools of the special procedures is direct communication with governments or other actors (such as companies or intergovernmental organizations like the EU) through letters addressing specific cases of human rights violations6. The special procedures act upon information received from relevant and credible sources, from NGOs or individuals acting in a personal capacity. In these letters, attention is drawn to allegations of human rights violations and requests for clarification are made to the government. The letters may touch upon:7a. Past human rights violations – also called “letters of allegation.”1 List of thematic mandates:https://spinternet.ohchr.org/ViewAllCountryMandates.aspx?Type=TM&lang=En2 List of country mandates: https://spinternet.ohchr.org/ViewAllCountryMandates.aspx?lang=En3 Detailed information on these thematic mandates is available in the annex to this document.4 Directory of special procedures mandate holders: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/SP/VisualDirectoryJuly2020_en.pdf5 Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council: https://ijrcenter.org/un-special-procedures/6 What can a letter consist of? This letter was drafted by the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances and the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders in November 2018: https://academy.ishr.ch/upload/resources_and_tools/SP_module_sample_communicationsUA_TURKMEKISTAN.p df7 For more information about the communications: https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures-human-rights- council/what-are-communications 2b. Current or potential human rights violations – also called “urgent appeals.”c. Concerns regarding legislation that does not meet international standards –referred as “other letters.”Independent experts have submitted communications regarding individuals who have been subjected to torture and sentenced to death. An example of such a case is the following:-Case of Mr. Aqil bin Hassan Al-Faraj (Saudi Arabia), 25 February 20228“We also wish to respectfully express our concern at the reported case of Mr. Al-Faraj who appears to have been sentenced to death without due process and fair trial, including lack of access to adequate legal assistance, therefore contrary to Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR); could not resort to any remedy to challenge the lawfulness of his detention (Article 9, UDHR); and was allegedly subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and was forced to sign a confession under torture, contrary to Articles 1, 2, 15 and 16 of the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), which was ratified by Saudi Arabia in 1997.”2. Country visits: Special procedures may seek agreement of a government to visit a country in order to observe and understand the human rights context. During such visits, they meet with relevant parties, including government officials and civil society organizations (human rights defenders, NGOs, lawyers, journalists, etc.). Many states have issued a standing invitation allowing any mandate holder to visit, so that their collaboration with the special procedures is strengthened.9 The special procedures can also provide advice for technical cooperation. Civil society can take action before a visit, by requesting the special procedures to focus on a particular country, or by sharing with them information to help them prepare for a planned visit. Furthermore, civil society organizations can monitor the dissemination of the visit’s report and the implementation of its recommendations.3. Annual reports and thematic studies: all special procedures submit an annual report to the Human Rights Council. These reports detail the work undertaken by the experts over the course of the year, including communications and country visits, and analyze emerging trends. Mandate holders present these reports in plenary sessions, before entering in an interactive dialogue with States and NGOs. Most of the reports are also presented to the UN General Assembly. They often include a study on a topic related to the mandate of the specific special procedure. These thematic studies are based on information gathered during investigations, dialogues with States, and contributions or calls from civil society organizations, and participate in the development of international human rights law.8 Communication about Mr. Aqil bin Hassan Al-Farajhttps://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=271139 Updated list of States that have issued a standing invitation to the Special Procedures -https://spinternet.ohchr.org/StandingInvitations.aspx?lang=En 3For example, the previous Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Juan E. Méndez, made the link between torture and the death penalty in his report published August 9, 2012. As such, he stated in the said report that:“[...] especially relevant to the emergence of a customary norm to consider the death penalty as running afoul of the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, is evidence of a consistent global practice by States that reflects the view that the imposition and enforcement of the death penalty in breach of those standards is a violation per se of the prohibition of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. This conclusion originates from the fact that international law does not attribute a different value to the right to life of different groups of human beings, such as juveniles, persons with mental disabilities, pregnant women or persons sentenced after an unfair trial, but considers the imposition and enforcement of the death penalty in such cases as particularly cruel, inhuman and degrading and in violation of article 7 of the Covenant and articles 1 and 16 of the Convention against Torture.”104. Press releases: Special Procedures can also engage in advocacy and raise public awareness regarding situations of concerns through press releases and statements, including by calling on [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/WD2023_How_to_Mecanismes_ONU_EN_v1.pdf ) [252] => Array ( [objectID] => 22985 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 53rd session [timestamp] => 1694995200 [date] => 18/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-53rd-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 53rd Regular Session from June 19 to July 14, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 53rd Regular Session from June 19 to July 14, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 53rd session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [253] => Array ( [objectID] => 22963 [title] => Increase in the number of executions, but clear progress toward abolition in 2022 [timestamp] => 1694995200 [date] => 18/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/amnesty-international-report-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/amnesty-annual-report-2022-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 16 May, Amnesty International published their annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows the overall number and trends in sentencing and executions in 2022. [texte] => On 16 May, Amnesty International published their annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows the overall number and trends in sentencing and executions in 2022. (more…) "Increase in the number of executions, but clear progress toward abolition in 2022" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [254] => Array ( [objectID] => 22943 [title] => Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran: Alarming Increase in Executions [timestamp] => 1694995200 [date] => 18/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/annual-report-iran-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/iran-annual-report-22-500x250.jpg [extrait] => As of 12 September 2023, Iran Human Rights reported that at least 499 people, including 13 women were executed in 2023, which represents an alarming rise compared to the same period in 2022. [texte] => As of 12 September 2023, Iran Human Rights reported that at least 499 people, including 13 women were executed in 2023, which represents an alarming rise compared to the same period in 2022. (more…) "Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran: Alarming Increase in Executions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [255] => Array ( [objectID] => 22906 [title] => Kurdistan without Genocide [timestamp] => 1694131200 [date] => 08/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kurdistan-without-genocide/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/kurdistan-without-genocide_logo.jpg [extrait] => Kurdistan without Genocide-KWG is non-govermental and non profite orgnisation working for human wright and against the genocide that was established in kurdistan regoing of Iraq in 2013. KWG is working to achive below goals: 1.Getting international recognition for the crimes perpetrated against the Kurdish people. 2.Nationalization of genocide events in Kurdistan to create a human […] [texte] => Kurdistan without Genocide-KWG is non-govermental and non profite orgnisation working for human wright and against the genocide that was established in kurdistan regoing of Iraq in 2013. KWG is working to achive below goals:1.Getting international recognition for the crimes perpetrated against the Kurdish people.2.Nationalization of genocide events in Kurdistan to create a human friendly awareness in the community in order to prevent recurrences.3.Prosecution of criminals ; genocide and ethnic cleansing planners, implementers , accomplices through internal or external courts.4.Working to abolish the death penalty in Kurdistan, Iraq and the Middle East.5.Working for a country without weapons and violence. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [256] => Array ( [objectID] => 22895 [title] => Organisation Contre la Torture en Tunisie – OCTT [timestamp] => 1694131200 [date] => 08/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/organisation-contre-la-torture-en-tunisie-octt/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Logo-OCTT-vectoriel-500x707.jpg [extrait] => The OCTT has been campaigning since its creation in 2003 against torture in all its forms and in particular the death penalty and against impunity. The OCTT develops strategies and programs to promote human rights and eradicate torture and ill-treatment and against any violation of physical and moral integrity and primarily the right to life. […] [texte] => The OCTT has been campaigning since its creation in 2003 against torture in all its forms and in particular the death penalty and against impunity. The OCTT develops strategies and programs to promote human rights and eradicate torture and ill-treatment and against any violation of physical and moral integrity and primarily the right to life. The organization's action is articulated around several axes: including awareness and advocacy for legislative reform to eradicate torture, impunity and the abolition of the death penalty [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [257] => Array ( [objectID] => 22870 [title] => World Coalition Publishes Country Mapping Report on Women on Death Row [timestamp] => 1694131200 [date] => 08/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-publishes-country-mapping-report-on-women-on-death-row/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/maping-women-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => To obtain a global view of existing data on women sentenced to death, the World Coalition carried out a systematization exercise of new data, compiled in a report published in August 2023. [texte] => To obtain a global view of existing data on women sentenced to death, the World Coalition carried out a systematization exercise of new data, compiled in a report published in August 2023. (more…) "World Coalition Publishes Country Mapping Report on Women on Death Row" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [258] => Array ( [objectID] => 22858 [title] => Hope Behind Bars Africa [timestamp] => 1693872000 [date] => 05/09/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/hope-behind-bars-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/HBBA-logo.png [extrait] => Hope Behind Bars Africa provides free legal services and direct support to indigent individuals in contact with the justice system while promoting criminal justice reforms through research, evidence-based advocacy, and technology. [texte] => Hope Behind Bars Africa provides free legal services and direct support to indigent individuals in contact with the justice system while promoting criminal justice reforms through research, evidence-based advocacy, and technology. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [259] => Array ( [objectID] => 22847 [title] => From Lynch Mobs to the Killing State : Race and the Death Penalty in America [timestamp] => 1692835200 [date] => 24/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/from-lynch-mobs-to-the-killing-state-race-and-the-death-penalty-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since 1976, over forty percent of prisoners executed in American jails have been African American or Hispanic. This trend shows little evidence of diminishing, and follows a larger pattern of the violent criminalization of African American populations that has marked the country's history of punishment.In a bold attempt to tackle the looming question of how and why the connection between race and the death penalty has been so strong throughout American history, Ogletree and Sarat headline an interdisciplinary cast of experts in reflecting on this disturbing issue. Insightful original essays approach the topic from legal, historical, cultural, and social science perspectives to show the ways that the death penalty is racialized, the places in the death penalty process where race makes a difference, and the ways that meanings of race in the United States are constructed in and through our practices of capital punishment.From Lynch Mobs to the Killing State not only uncovers the ways that race influences capital punishment, but also attempts to situate the linkage between race and the death penalty in the history of this country, in particular the history of lynching. In its probing examination of how and why the connection between race and the death penalty has been so strong throughout American history, this book forces us to consider how the death penalty gives meaning to race as well as why the racialization of the death penalty is uniquely American. [texte] => Since 1976, over forty percent of prisoners executed in American jails have been African American or Hispanic. This trend shows little evidence of diminishing, and follows a larger pattern of the violent criminalization of African American populations that has marked the country's history of punishment.In a bold attempt to tackle the looming question of how and why the connection between race and the death penalty has been so strong throughout American history, Ogletree and Sarat headline an interdisciplinary cast of experts in reflecting on this disturbing issue. Insightful original essays approach the topic from legal, historical, cultural, and social science perspectives to show the ways that the death penalty is racialized, the places in the death penalty process where race makes a difference, and the ways that meanings of race in the United States are constructed in and through our practices of capital punishment.From Lynch Mobs to the Killing State not only uncovers the ways that race influences capital punishment, but also attempts to situate the linkage between race and the death penalty in the history of this country, in particular the history of lynching. In its probing examination of how and why the connection between race and the death penalty has been so strong throughout American history, this book forces us to consider how the death penalty gives meaning to race as well as why the racialization of the death penalty is uniquely American. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://nyupress.org/9780814740224/from-lynch-mobs-to-the-killing-state/ ) [260] => Array ( [objectID] => 22848 [title] => The Road to Abolition?: The Future of Capital Punishment in the United States [timestamp] => 1692835200 [date] => 24/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-road-to-abolition-the-future-of-capital-punishment-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => At the start of the twenty-first century, America is in the midst of a profound national reconsideration of the death penalty. There has been a dramatic decline in the number of people being sentenced to death as well as executed, exonerations have become common, and the number of states abolishing the death penalty is on the rise. The essays featured in The Road to Abolition? track this shift in attitudes toward capital punishment, and consider whether or not the death penalty will ever be abolished in America.The interdisciplinary group of experts gathered by Charles J. Ogletree Jr., and Austin Sarat ask and attempt to answer the hard questions that need to be addressed if the death penalty is to be abolished. Will the death penalty end only to be replaced with life in prison without parole? Will life without the possibility of parole become, in essence, the new death penalty? For abolitionists, might that be a pyrrhic victory? The contributors discuss how the death penalty might be abolished, with particular emphasis on the current debate over lethal injection as a case study on why and how the elimination of certain forms of execution might provide a model for the larger abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => Google iconMicrosoft iconSkip to Main ContentHave library access?JSTOR HomeRegisterWorkspaceSearchBrowseToolsAboutSupportCover of The Road to Abolition?: The Future of Capital Punishment in the United StatesThe Road to Abolition?: The Future of Capital Punishment in the United StatesCharles J. OgletreeAustin SaratCopyright Date: 2009Published by: NYU PressPages: 384https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887Search for reviews of this bookThis is a preview page.Login through your institution for access.Table of ContentsSelect all Front Matter (pp. i-vi) Front Matter (pp. i-vi) https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.1Table of Contents(pp. vii-viii)Table of Contents(pp. vii-viii)https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.2Acknowledgments(pp. ix-x)Acknowledgments(pp. ix-x)https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.3Introduction: Toward and Beyond the Abolition of Capital Punishment(pp. 1-16)Introduction: Toward and Beyond the Abolition of Capital Punishment(pp. 1-16)Charles J. Ogletree Jr. and Austin Sarathttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.4Civil societies have historically tried to distinguish the crime of murder from other offenses. Typically, murder has been subject to the most severe punishment and most intense public outcry. Countries with vastly different forms of government and systems of punishment find common ground on the seriousness of the crime committed by a person who causes another human being’s death. The twentieth century, though, witnessed yet another kind of convergence around murder: nations of every political persuasion ended their use of death as a punishment for murder and other crimes.¹ They declared the death penalty to be unconstitutional, unacceptably cruel, or...PART I. ASSESSING THE PROSPECTS FOR ABOLITION 1 The Executioner’s Waning Defenses (pp. 19-45) 1 The Executioner’s Waning Defenses (pp. 19-45) Michael L. Radelet https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.5 Hugo Adam Bedau, my mentor, friend, and hero, turned 82 years old in 2008. I began research on capital punishment in 1979, when I was 28. If I am lucky enough to live as long as Hugo already has, I will have a 54-year career of death penalty work. Consequently, this essay is (more or less) my midway report and reflection on where we are on the road to abolition. My guess is that when I turn Hugo’s age in 2032, the only scholars writing about “The Death Penalty in America”¹ will be historians. How can that optimism be justified?...2 Blinded by Science on the Road to Abolition?(pp. 46-71)2 Blinded by Science on the Road to Abolition?(pp. 46-71)Simon A. Cole and Jay D. Aronsonhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.6The central conceit of this essay is that the rhetorical invocation of science has been crucial to whatever recent progress the United States has made along the “road to abolition.” Here we focus on three important milestones. First is what has been called the “innocence revolution,” the harnessing of public awareness of wrongful convictions to stir up opposition to capital punishment based on the possibility of executing the innocent.¹ This trend has rested heavily on the “epistemological certainty” of DNA evidence.² Second was the recent (but temporary) de facto moratorium on executions generated by legal challenges to lethal injection protocols....3 Abolition in the United States by 2050: On Political Capital and Ordinary Acts of Resistance(pp. 72-96)3 Abolition in the United States by 2050: On Political Capital and Ordinary Acts of Resistance(pp. 72-96)Bernard E. Harcourthttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.7Is the United States on the road to abolition, and, if so, by when will it have abolished the death penalty? The federal structure of the United States complicates the answer to these questions; nevertheless, recent trends in the United States and within the larger international community suggest that the country is headed toward abolition of capital punishment. In all likelihood, a number of retentionist states will converge toward abolition over the course of the next 20 years. The combination of this domestic shift and the legal and political pressure of the international community will likely result in the U.S....4 The Beginning of the End?(pp. 97-138)4 The Beginning of the End?(pp. 97-138)Carol S. Steiker and Jordan M. Steikerhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.8Is nationwide abolition of capital punishment a realistic prospect in the United States? This question has taken on new urgency as the United States has become increasingly isolated in its retention and use of the death penalty. Most nations of the world—including many third-world countries—have abolished the death penalty, leaving the United States as theonlyWestern industrialized nation in the world to formally retain the practice. Moreover, our retention is not merely formal: even recently, after death sentences and executions have declined for several years in a row, we have witnessed, on average, approximately one execution each...5 Rocked but Still Rolling: The Enduring Institution of Capital Punishment in Historical and Comparative Perspective(pp. 139-180)5 Rocked but Still Rolling: The Enduring Institution of Capital Punishment in Historical and Comparative Perspective(pp. 139-180)Michael McCann and David T. Johnsonhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.9The abolition of capital punishment is a much discussed but complicated concept, and the standards for measuring where the United States is on the road to abolition are far from obvious. For one thing, a de facto halt in executions could (and often does) occur without a de jure prohibition of the death penalty. As of the end of 2007, some 33 nation-states had gone at least 10 years without a judicial execution, and many others had so greatly narrowed the category of crimes eligible for capital punishment and so limited prosecution of those crimes that they were essentially abolitionist...PART II. DEBATING LETHAL INJECTION 6 For Execution Methods Challenges, the Road to Abolition Is Paved with Paradox (pp. 183-214) 6 For Execution Methods Challenges, the Road to Abolition Is Paved with Paradox (pp. 183-214) Deborah W. Denno https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.10 The death penalty’s popularity has waned appreciably in recent years. Whether because of disturbing discoveries of innocence among death row inmates, the narrowing of the classes of individuals eligible for execution, racial disparities, botched executions, or other reasons, the courts and the public have shown more skepticism of the capital punishment process in the twenty-first century than they have since the early 1970s.¹ Riding high on the momentum of this snowballing development are challenges to lethal injection under the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause.² According to one death penalty commentator, these challenges “have already held up more executions,...7 Perfect Execution: Abolitionism and the Paradox of Lethal Injection(pp. 215-251)7 Perfect Execution: Abolitionism and the Paradox of Lethal Injection(pp. 215-251)Timothy V. Kaufman-Osbornhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.11The U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling inBaze v. Rees,which affirmed the constitutionality of Kentucky’s lethal injection protocol, represented a setback, if not an outright defeat, for foes of the death penalty in the United States. Most obviously, the plurality opinion rejected the petitioners’ proposed standard, which contended that the Eighth Amendment prohibits execution methods that pose an “unnecessary risk of pain” in light of available alternatives.¹ Instead, Chief Justice John Roberts declared that, in order to constitute cruel and unusual punishment, a protocol must create “a demonstrated risk of severe pain,” and there must exist “feasible” and “readily available”...8 “No Improvement over Electrocution or Even a Bullet”: Lethal Injection and the Meaning of Speed and Reliability in the Modern Execution Process(pp. 252-278)8 “No Improvement over Electrocution or Even a Bullet”: Lethal Injection and the Meaning of Speed and Reliability in the Modern Execution Process(pp. 252-278)Jürgen Martschukathttps://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.12“The debate over capital punishment has reached a tipping point,” the editors ofLancetcharacterized the current situation in the February 2007 issue of their magazine, which is top ranked among medical publications.¹ For years, wrongful convictions and a steadily growing number of exonerations from death row had raised concerns about capital punishment, before confusing revelations about lethal injection had taken the death penalty system in the United States closer to the brink of collapse. In the late 1970s, after theGreggdecision by the Supreme Court and the return of capital punishment to the United States, it had been...PART III. PUTTING THE DEATH PENALTY IN CONTEXT 9 Torture, War, and Capital Punishment: Linkages and Missed Connections (pp. 281-318) 9 Torture, War, and Capital Punishment: Linkages and Missed Connections (pp. 281-318) Robin Wagner-Pacifici https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887.13 May 2008. The presidential primary campaigns are in full swing in the United States. Mortgage foreclosures, high gas prices, the war in Iraq, and health care dominate the campaign debates and policy pronouncements. Meanwhile, crucial decisions are made by current incumbents of the three branches of government and its administrative and military agencies about the constitutionality of forms of state execution, specifically lethal injections, and forms of “unlawful enemy combatant” interrogation, specifically waterboarding. The Supreme Court has recently released its decision on the lethal injection protocol challenge (Baze v. Rees); another death-row inmate (three in the past several months) in...10 Making Difference: Modernity and the Political Formations of Death(pp. 319-348)10 Making Diffe [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg887 ) [261] => Array ( [objectID] => 22801 [title] => World Coalition Strategic Plan 2023-2027 [timestamp] => 1692662400 [date] => 22/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-coalition-strategic-plan-2023-2027/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => ______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 1 / 16Strategic Plan 2023-2027for the Movementfor worldwide Abolitionof the Death Penalty______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 2 / 16TABLE OF CONTENTI- Introduction and methodology …………………………………………………. p.3II- Objectives of the movement for worldwide abolition of the death penalty p.41) Abolition of the death penalty2) Ratification of abolitionist treaties3) Preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty4) Worldwide moratorium on executions5) Preventing resumption of executions6) Reducing the use of capital punishment7) Encouraging more transparencyIII- Objectives of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty ……………. p.6A. Coordinating international advocacyB. Sharing information, contact and solidarityC. Building best practicesD. Leading global campaigns and supporting and amplifying nationalcampaignsIV- Organizational objectives ……………………………………………………… p.12E. Good governance and power sharingF. Funding abolition of the death penalty______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 3 / 16I- Introduction and methodologyAs the World Coalition celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2022, it worked on its 2nd strategic plan.This year long process was fully participatory with multiple consultations, to ensure that itreflected the World Coalition’s member organizations true needs and hopes.It is also based on the recommendations of external evaluators of projects ended in 2021. Overallfeedback was very positive, with strong engagement from member organizations and constructivesuggestions.What Is Different About this New Strategy?The mission, vision and guiding principles of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty re-main the same. However, member organization of the World Coalition have decided to reduce thenumber of objectives for abolition from 12 to 7 and to clarify the key role of the World Coalitionand its unique place in the death penalty abolition movement.This second Strategic Plan will be the vehicle to debate and consolidate the will of the death penaltyabolition movement and a tool to promote transparent and efficient communication. The plan is thebasis for political and managerial accountability towards the membership, donors, otherstakeholders and most importantly, people on death row and victims of the death penalty system.However, it is not set in stone and remains flexible and adaptable to the changes of the globalgeopolitical context. The World Coalition will be able to seize any opportunities that may arise evenif they were not anticipated in this plan.This Strategic Plan will be the basis for annual action plans with specific priorities, activities, targetcountries, detailed indicators and expected results.The governance of the World Coalition will also develop to ensure that the relevant policies,programs, and processes of the World Coalition are aligned with the principles of equality, diversityand inclusiveness as well as the rule of law, human rights, and the Sustainable Development Goals1.1 Preamble of the Bylaws of the World Coalition, as amended in 2019.Adoption of methodology(December 2021 -Steering Committee)• Working Group open toall members (Jan –Aug 2022)Consultation(May-August 2022 - allmembers and partners)• 75 onlinequestionnaires filled infrom all regions of theworld• 27 interviewsFeedback on theconsultation• Sept. 2022 -SteeringCommittee• Nov. 2022 - allmembersStrategic discussions on the 4 main rolesof the World Coalition (Steering Committeeand all members during the Nov. 2022World Congress)Adoption of the Strategic Plan 2023-2027(January 2023 - Steering Committee)______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 4 / 16II- The movement for worldwide abolition of the death penaltyWhat/who do we mean by “the abolitionist movement”?All the entities working in concert for the universal abolition of the death penalty: Civil SocietyOrganizations, NGOs, Bar Associations, Trade Unions, United Nation Bodies, RegionalIntergovernmental Bodies, Abolitionist Countries, Universities, Foundations and Businesses…What do we mean by “the World Coalition”?The World Coalition is made of over 160 independent member organizations which meet for aGeneral Assembly every two years and elect a Steering Committee of 25 memberorganizations, which elect among its members an Executive Board of 5 people, whichsupervise a Secretariat made up of 4 salaried staff and 1 or two interns.Mission: The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s founding mission, as stated in itsBylaws, is to bring together private, public, international, national, local and regionalorganizations that share the common objective of universal abolition of the deathpenalty.Vision: The World Coalition’s vision is that of a reference global network trusted worldwide tocoordinate, support and amplify the work of its member organisations towards universalabolition of the death penalty.Guiding Principles: The World Coalition provides a global dimension to the sometimesisolated action taken by its member organizations on the ground. It complements theirinitiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.What is the difference between the World Coalition and its member organizations?Each member organization is independent from the World Coalition, they exist outside of theWorld Coalition and decide to voluntarily join. Each organization has specific areas or expertiseand geographical focus, it has its own governance structure and its own programming,activities and core work.There is a great diversity among member organizations, in terms of size, area of work,geography and structure. The common denominator though is that they are all organizationscommitted to worldwide abolition of the death penalty.Founding members of the World Coalition created it 20 years ago with a very specific mandateto “strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty”.Since then, the World Coalition has been playing a critical role in making the agendas andresources of the various member organizations align around some selected priorities or"campaigns", such as the World Day Against the Death Penalty.When World Coalition’s member organizations carry out their own agenda and activities, theyare not considered as the “World Coalition”, but a part of the larger abolitionist movement.When they take an active part in the activities coordinated by the Secretariat, they are the“World Coalition”.______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 5 / 16What do we want to do collectively as a movement?The consultation reaffirmed the ultimate goal for full abolition of the death penalty for all crimes allover the world. The following objectives are only meant as a step towards this goal:1) Abolition of the death penalty country by countryIndicator: 5 countries abolish the death penalty in law within the next 5 years2) Ratification of abolitionist treatiesIndicator: 5 countries ratify an abolitionist treaty within the next 5 years3) Preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty in abolitionist countries(for all crimes and ordinary crimes)Indicator: No abolitionist country reintroduces the death penalty within the next 5 years4) Worldwide moratorium on executionsIndicator: 129 countries vote in favour of the UNGA moratorium resolution in 20265) Preventing resumption of executions in countries that are abolitionist in practice,including through advocating for official moratorium, with a view to abolishing the deathpenaltyIndicator: No abolitionist in practice country resume executions within the next 5 years6) Reducing the use of capital punishment in retentionist countries as a step towardsabolitionWhile the main objective remains full abolition of the death penalty for all crimes, in countries thatstill actively use the death penalty, intermediary objectives are more likely to be achieved in thenext 5 years, such as reducing the number of crimes punishable by death, abolition of themandatory death penalty, banning the death sentences and executions of juveniles, reducing cruelmethods of executions, improving fair trial rights, the independence of the judiciary, penal reform,increase use of pardons, clemency, and commutations of death sentences to reduce the numberof people on death row and the number of people executedIndicators:20% decrease of the number of people executed in 5 years10% decrease in the number of new confirmed death sentences in 5 years7) Encouraging more transparency regarding the use of the death penalty inretentionist countriesIndicator: 5 retentionist countries make available relevant information in a report to the UnitedNations, “disaggregated by sex, age, disability, nationality and race, as applicable, and otherapplicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the number of personssentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the location of their detention, andthe number of executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted onappeal or in which amnesty or pardon has been granted, and according to which procedure, aswell as information on any scheduled execution” (2022 UNGA Moratorium ResolutionA/RES/77/222, 7.c)______________________________World Coalition’s Strategy 2023-2027 6 / 16III- The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s main roles and ob-jectivesA. A network to coordinate international advocacy for abolitionObjective: Coordinate international advocacy to promote the prohibition of the death penaltyin international human rights lawThe World Coalition will work with its member organizations to:- Ensure that reliable and systematic information on how the use of the death penaltyin each country violate international human rights law is provided to every relevanthuman rights mechanisms- Contribute to the implementation at the national level of commitments to abolish thedeath penalty made at t [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/EN-WCADP-StrategicPlan2023-2027.pdf ) [262] => Array ( [objectID] => 22792 [title] => Impact of the World Coalition’s Strategic Plan 2018–2022 [timestamp] => 1692662400 [date] => 22/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/impact-of-the-world-coalitions-strategic-plan-2018-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => (Impact of theStrategic Plan2018 – 2022World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyMundo M - 47 avenue Pasteur - 93100 Montreuil – Francewww.worldcoalition.org_____________________Impact Assessment – Strategy 2018 - 2022 2/12(Table of ContentIntroduction p2Specific Objectives, Expected Results and Indicators p3Securing Abolition p3Promoting moratoria on executions in view of full abolition p5Limiting the use of the death penalty p7Action Plan p10Conclusions p12(IntroductionIn 2018, the World Coalition adopted its first Strategic Plan with specific objectives, expectedresults and indicators. 5 years later, it is time to assess if these have been achieved, and ifthey have not, why and what was learned in the process.__________________________________3/18 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty(Specific Objectives, Expected Results and IndicatorsA. SECURING ABOLITIONBecause in some places, the very idea of the abolition of the death penalty was under threat,the World Coalition wanted to secure abolition and to strengthen the growing trend towardsabolition.1) Abolition of the death penalty Indicator: 5 countries abolish the death penalty between 2018 and 2022 (oneper year on average) Target countries set in 2017:1. Burkina Faso2. Cuba3. Gambia4. Ghana5. Niger6. Sierra Leone7. Sri Lanka8. Tajikistan9. Tanzania10. Thailand11. Uganda12. 3 US states13. Zimbabwe Results: Since January 2018, 9 countries and 4 US States have abolishedthe death penalty according to Amnesty International: Burkina Faso (for ordinary crimes only) in 2018 State of Washington (declared unconstitutional) in 2018 State of New Hampshire in 2019 Chad in 2020 State of Colorado in 2020 Suriname (for all crimes) in 2021 State of Virginia in 2021 Kazakhstan (for all crimes) in 2022 Papua New Guinea in 2022 Sierra Leone in 2022 Central African Republic in 2022 Equatorial Guinea (for ordinary crimes only) in 2022 Zambia (for ordinary crimes only) in 2022Lessons learnt:The abolitionist trend is growing faster than anticipated, with several countries abolishing in2022 after years of internal processes- possibly catching up from the COVID-19 pandemicperiod. In Sierra Leone, the bill for abolition was passed in the Parliament in 2021 but the lawwas only promulgated in 2022. There also seems to be a snow-ball effect in West Africa and_____________________Impact Assessment – Strategy 2018 - 2022 4/12Southern Africa where several countries are taking steps towards abolition at the same time,following the examples of recent abolitions, and were civil society has been able to sharestrategies and best practices to advocate for these steps.2) Ratification of abolitionist treatiesBecause even abolition in law is sometimes questioned afterward, the World Coalitionwanted to continue its ratification campaign for the international and regional treatiesprohibiting the use of the death penalty. Indicator: 10 new countries have ratified a treaty by the end of 2022 (2countries per year on average) Target countries:1. Angola2. Armenia3. Cambodia4. Congo(Republicof)5. Coted’Ivoire6. Gambia7. Guatemala8. Guinea9. Haiti10. Morocco11. Samoa12. Suriname Results: Since January 2018, 5 countries have ratified OP2-ICCPR1:Gambia (2018); Angola (2019); State of Palestine (2019); Armenia (2021) and Kazakhstan(2022)Why and lessons learned:Only one country per year on average ratified OP2-ICCPR. No country ratified in 2020 andthis is possibly linked to COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed during that time, several processesneeded to secure ratification were stalled : legislative process was impacted, participation inthe United Nations Treaty Event in New York to deposit the instruments of ratification withthe UN Secretary Geneal was impossible. Also governemnts worldwide had other priorities.Finally, the Word Coalition was unable to organize advocacy missions in target countries fortwo years and previous evaluations of the campaign have shown that these were critical insecuring ratification in countries where it was a low priority for the governement.3) Preventing the reintroduction of the death penaltyBecause in some abolitionist countries, calls to reintroduce the death penalty had increased,the World Coalition wanted to make sure that abolition would prevail. Indicator: no country reintroduces the death penalty between 2018 and 20221 https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20I/Chapter%20IV/IV-12.en.pdf__________________________________5/18 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty Target countries:1. Israel2. Mongolia3. Philippines4. Turkey Results: No abolitionist countries in law reintroduced the death penaltybetween 2018 and 2022Lessons learned: What we learned in the countries at risk campaign is that ratification ofinternational and regional protocols to abolish the death penalty is really key in securingabolition in the long term. In Mongolia, the Philippines, Turkey and also in Brazil, willingnessto use the death penalty at the highest level was stopped thanks to these treaties. In thePhilippines for example, two bills passed the House of representatives but were stopped at theSenate precisely because of the Philippines’ ratification of OP2-ICCPR and the internationalcommitment not to reintroduce it. We also learned that ratifying several of these treaties, bothregional and international protocols, is even more secure. In Brazil, which has ratified theProtocol to the American Charter for Human Rights on abolition and OP2-ICCPR, and inTurkey, which has ratified Protocol 6 and Protocol 13 to the European Convention for HumanRights as well as OP2-ICCPR, the authorities felt that they could not even push for a bill inparliament.As a consequence, the ratification campaign will be strengthen in the next 5 years to makesure that all abolitionist countries have also ratified at least one international treaty to secureabolition in the long term.B. PROMOTING MORATORIA ON EXECUTIONS IN VIEW OF FULL ABOLITIONBecause in some countries, abolition was not likely on the short term, the World Coalitionwanted to promote the right to life and encourage moratorium on executions.4) Contributing to a worldwide moratorium on executions Indicator: 120 countries vote in favour of the UNGA moratorium resolution (1new vote per resolution – 3 resolutions 2018, 2020 and 2022, 1 new abolitionistcountry per year) Target countries:2018: DRC / Niger2020: Morocco / Tanzania / Zambia2022: Equatorial Guinea / Kenya Results: 125 countries voted in favor of the 2022 UNGA moratoriumresolution, including Equatorial Guinea. Niger had voted yes in 2018 but abstained in 2022._____________________Impact Assessment – Strategy 2018 - 2022 6/12Lessons learned:The abolitionist trend is growing faster than anticipated, and as a result, more countries votedin favor of the resolution. Equatorial Guinea is a good illustration of this: they abolished thedeath penalty prior to the vote in New York and voted in favor of the resolution. Zambiaabolished just after the vote and abstained during the vote when it had voted against before.As a consequence, the moratorium campaign will target more specifically recent abolitionistcountries or countries that have taken steps towards abolition and not so much long timeabolitionist in practice countries.5) Encouraging official moratorium Indicator: 2 countries officially declare a moratorium on executions over thenext 5 years Target countries:1. Belarus2. DRC3. South Korea4. Taiwan Results: 2 countries officially declared a moratorium on executions: Malaysiaand Gambia in 2018, still in place at the end of 20226) Preventing resumption of executions Indicator: no abolitionist in practice countries resume executions Target countries:1. Cameroon2. Liberia3. Maldives4. Papua New Guinea Results: No target countries reintroduced the death penalty between 2018and 2022. Papua New Guinea abolished the death penalty in 2022. In Liberia, the Senatepassed a bill to abolish the death penalty in the penal code also in 2022 and the Maldiveshave confirmed their commitment to a moratorium on executions.However, Myanmar, which was classified as an abolitionist country in practice by AmnestyInternational, executed 4 people in 2022, for the first time in four decades.Lessons learned:What we learned in the countries at risk campaign is that the best way to prevent theresumption of executions is actually to advocate for abolition or official moratorium. Preventingexecutions, while an honorable goal in itself, is more like a stop-gaz measure and not aneffective objective in the mid-term.__________________________________7/18 World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyC. LIMITING THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYIn the hard core retentionist countries, the World Coalition wanted to save as many lives aspossible and reduce the number of people facing the death penalty.7) Reducing the scope of the death penaltyReducing the scope entailed reducing the number of crimes punishable by death (drug-relatedoffenses, economic crimes…), excluding categories of people from the death penalty(juveniles, elderly…) or abolishing the mandatory death penalty for a number of crimes (amandatory sentencing scheme is one where the imposition of a death sentence is automaticupon conviction of a crime). It can be done through amending the criminal code or by a rulingof the supreme court (or its equivalent). Indicator: 5 countries reduce the scope of the death penalty between 2018 and2022 (one per year on average) Target countries:1. Barbados2. China3. Indonesia4. Iran5. Kenya6. Malaysia7. Mauritania8. Morocco9. USA states (Texas, Virginia,Alabama)10. Vietnam Results: 5 countries and 1 US State reduced the scope of the death penalty The Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) declared the mandatory death penaltyunconstitutional in Barbados on 27 June 2018 In August 2019, the Parliament of Uganda passed a bill for the reduction of the scopeof the death penalty. The President signed it into law in November 2019. The [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/EN_WCADP_ImpactAssessmentStrategy2018-2022.pdf ) [263] => Array ( [objectID] => 22765 [title] => Bylaws of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty 2023 [timestamp] => 1692662400 [date] => 22/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bylaws-of-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => BYLAWS OF THE WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYAS AMENDED BY THE 24 JUNE 2023 GENERAL ASSEMBLYAn association is created, governed by the French law of 1st July 1901 and the decree of 16th August1901 and having the following bylaws:PreambleThe signatories of the Final Declaration of the 1st World Congress Against the Death Penalty, held inStrasbourg on 21-23 June 2001, pledged to “create a worldwide coordination of abolitionist associationsand campaigners” (§9 of the Declaration).In conformity with this commitment, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty was created inRome, Italy, on 13 May 2002.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its member organisations share the commonobjective of universal abolition of the death penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty subscribes to the principles of equality, diversity andinclusiveness as well as the rule of law, human rights, and the Sustainable Development Goals.ARTICLE 1: NAMEThe name of the association is “World Coalition against the Death Penalty” (hereinafter: “theCoalition”), in French “Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort”.ARTICLE 2: REGISTERED OFFICEThe registered address for the Coalition is Mundo M 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, France.The registered address may be amended as appropriate, upon decision by the Steering Committee.ARTICLE 3: PURPOSE3.1. The goal of the Coalition is the universal abolition of the death penalty. To this end, the Coalition isdedicated to bringing together private, public, international, national, local and regional organisations toshare in this objective._______________________________2023 Bylaws – World Coalition 2/63.2. In particular, the objectives of the Coalition consist of strengthening international action in the fightagainst the death penalty; in leading and coordinating action at an international level, particularlylobbying activities, to complement the actions that its members are carrying out; in bringing togethernew abolitionists, and in putting more pressure on those countries that keep capital punishment in theirlegislation. The Coalition also aims to create a network of abolitionist players and to support them.3.3. The role of the Coalition is to complement the actions of its members, who remain entirelyindependent. As a priority, the Coalition acts at an international level.3.4. The purpose of the World Coalition is to promote the universal abolition of the death penaltythrough all available means.ARTICLE 4: GENERAL RULES4.1. At all levels of the Coalition, decisions shall be made by vote of a majority of two thirds of themembers present or represented.4.2. Any governing body of the Coalition that has elected or appointed a person may relieve him/her ofhis or her role provided that s/he is given a chance to explain him/herself beforehand.ARTICLE 5: MEMBERSHIP5.1. Membership is open to all organisations and corporations, public or private, international, national,local or regional, who are committed to the fight against the death penalty, including local governments,trade unions, bar associations and human rights organisations.5.2. Every organisation that subscribes to the objective of universal abolition of the death penalty, andwishes to join the Coalition, should address a written request to the Secretariat, presenting theorganisation, and indicating the ways in which it is currently taking, or planning to take, abolitionistaction. The organisation should also address to the Secretariat a signed copy of the Intention Statementof the Coalition.5.3. Membership requests shall be submitted for examination and decision to the Steering Committee.ARTICLE 6: DE-REGISTRATIONMembership status is lost through:- resignation by notification of the decision to the Executive Board of the Coalition;- de-registration determined by the General Assembly after serious violation of the currentStatutes, of the Intention Statement of the Coalition or, if relevant, of the Rules of Procedure.- Non-payment of the membership fees, according to the terms established in the Rules ofProcedure._______________________________2023 Bylaws – World Coalition 3/6ARTICLE 7: GENERAL ASSEMBLY7.1. The General Assembly is comprised of all the members of the Coalition. It meets once every twoyears. It is convened by the President of the Coalition by any existing means of communication. Itsagenda is fixed by the Steering Committee. It may meet by videoconference, in which case it mayconduct secure remote voting to ensure the participation of a larger number of members, or whencircumstances so require. If there is a need, or at the request of two thirds of the members, thePresident of the Coalition shall convene a special General Assembly.7.2. The General Assembly elects the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee is elected for twoyears. The General Assembly determines and adopts the general strategy of the Coalition. In the years inwhich the General Assembly meets, it also adopts the activity report and the financial report which arepresented by the Steering Committee.7.3. Each member has one vote. A member of the Coalition can be represented with a written proxy byanother member of the Coalition at the General Assembly. A member can represent a maximum of twoother members by proxy.7.4. The right to vote at the General Assembly will be reserved for those members who are up to datewith their membership fees or for those who have been exempted.ARTICLE 8: STEERING COMMITTEE8.1. The Steering Committee is in charge of implementing the strategy defined by the General Assembly.8.2. The Steering Committee is made up of twenty-five members of the World Coalition, elected by theGeneral Assembly, including if at all possible one local government, one trade union, one bar associationand one human rights organisation. If the number of candidates is not sufficient to fill the 25 positions,the Steering Committee will work with the number of elected members. The composition of theSteering Committee must also endeavor to ensure a balanced geographical representation. Eachmember organisation of the Steering Committee must designate an individual to be its permanentrepresentative, who can be replaced by the organization at any time.8.3. The Steering Committee meets at least once a quarter and is convened by the President of theCoalition. It deliberates on all propositions from any member of the Steering Committee or from ten ormore members of the Coalition. A member of the Steering Committee can be represented by anothermember with a written proxy. A member of the Steering Committee cannot represent more than twoother members by proxy.8.4 In the years in which the General Assembly does not meet, the Steering Committee is responsible forthe adoption of the activity report and the financial report.8.5. The Steering Committee elects the Executive Board from amongst the candidates presented by itsmembers._______________________________2023 Bylaws – World Coalition 4/68.6. The Steering Committee must send the minutes of each of its meetings to all members of theCoalition.8.7. The members of the Steering Committee can represent the Coalition publicly, but can only expressthemselves on behalf of the Coalition on specific matters that have been approved by the GeneralAssembly or the Steering Committee.8.8. The Steering Committee or the General Assembly can put working groups in place for specificprojects that will be coordinated by a member of the Coalition. The Steering Committee can appoint apermanent working group to help the Executive Board in its assignments. If relevant, the means ofdesignation and operation, and the powers of the different working groups, will be provided for in therules of procedure or in the minutes of the Steering Committee or General Assembly meetings whichcreated them.ARTICLE 9: EXECUTIVE BOARD9.1. The Executive Board, under the delegation of the Steering Committee, has the responsibility for thegeneral control, management, governance and legal issues concerning the non-profit organisation. TheExecutive Board implements the decisions of the Steering Committee.9.2. The Executive Board comprises five members of the Steering Committee - a president, a treasurerand three vice-presidents. The Executive Board is elected by the Steering Committee for a term of twoyears and each Executive Board member can be re-elected for a maximum of three consecutive terms. Ifthe number of candidates is not sufficient to fill the five posts, the Executive Board will work with thenumber of members elected. The members of the Executive Board are individuals and not organisationsbut they must be linked to a member organisation of the Steering Committee.9.3. The Executive Board’s mandate will begin at the same time as the mandate of the SteeringCommittee. The Executive Board meets at least once a quarter before each Steering Committee meetingand is convened by the President of the Coalition.9.4. The Executive Board must send the minutes of each of its meetings to the Steering Committee,using any usual means of communication.9.5. The members of the Executive Board can represent the Coalition publicly, but can only expressthemselves on behalf of the Coalition on specific matters that have been approved by the GeneralAssembly or the Steering Committee.9.6 In the event that a member of the Executive Board resigns or is permanently unable to fulfill his orher duties, the President shall inform the Steering Committee, which at its next meeting, will elect a newmember of the Executive Board in accordance with the provisions set out in Articles 8.5 and 9.2_______________________________2023 Bylaws – World Coalition 5/6ARTICLE 10: PRESIDENT10.1. The President represents the Coalition legally for acts of civil life and may take part in courtproceedings on behalf of the Coalition, both in defense and in prosecution, with the provision, in thecase of prosecution of a case at law, that s/he seeks prior authorization of the Steering Committe [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/EN-WCADP_Bylaws2023.pdf ) [264] => Array ( [objectID] => 22756 [title] => World Coalition Activity Report 2022 [timestamp] => 1692662400 [date] => 22/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-coalition-activity-report-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 1ACTIVITY REPORT2022______________________________2022 Activity Report – World Coalition 2/20(Table of ContentsI - Objectives, Results, 2022 Indicators and Target Countries p3II – Programs p6A. World Day against the Death Penalty – 10 October 2022 p6B. Speaking tours of death row survivors and victims’ families p9C. Need assessment for members p9D. Index of death penalty resources p10E. Coordinating international advocacy p10F. Expansion of the network p18G. Others p18III - Internal Changes p19______________________________2022 Activity Report – World Coalition 3/20(I - Objectives, Results, 2022 Indicators and Target CountriesA. SECURING ABOLITION1) Abolition of the death penalty Indicator for 2022: at least 1 country abolishes the death penalty Target countries: Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Cuba, Dominica, DRC,Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Niger, Liberia, Malawi, Malaysia, Russia, Saint Lucia,South Korea, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Uganda, 3 US states, Zambia, ZimbabweResults1: Papua New Guinea abolished the death penalty for all crimes in January 2022. The Central African Republic abolished the death penalty for all crimes in June 2022. Equatorial Guinea abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes in September2022. Zambia abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes in December 2022.2) Ratification of abolitionist treaties Indicator for 2022: 1 new country ratifies Target countries: Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chad, Congo (Republic of), Coted’Ivoire, Fiji, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Samoa, Sierra Leone,SurinameResults: Kazakhstan ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR in March 2022.3) Preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty in abolitionist countries for allcrimes Indicator for 2022: no country reintroduces the death penalty Target countries: PhilippinesResult: No country reintroduced the death penalty in 2022.4) Preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty in abolitionist countries forordinary crimes only Indicator for 2022: no country reintroduces the death penalty Target countries: Brazil, Israel, PeruResult: No country reintroduced the death penalty in 2022.1 In Kazakhstan and Sierra Leone, bills for abolition were adopted in parliament and signed into law by presidents in 2021 andreported in the World Coalition’s 2021 Activity Report, however, the promulgation of these laws was official only in 2022 andAmnesty International classifies them as abolitionist in 2022.______________________________2022 Activity Report – World Coalition 4/20B. PROMOTING MORATORIA ON EXECUTIONS IN VIEW OF FULL ABOLITION5) Contributing to the worldwide moratorium on executions Indicator for 2022: 124 countries vote in favour of the moratorium resolution Target countries: Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Guyana, Suriname, USA, Fiji,Indonesia, Kiribati, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands Nauru, Palau, PapuaNew Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, South Kora, Solomon Islands, Thailand,Tonga, Tuvalu, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Algeria, Bahrain, Jordan, Lebanon,Morocco, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central AfricanRepublic, Chad, Congo, DRC, Equitorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Gabon,Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius,Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone,Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.Result:125 countries vote in favor of the moratorium resolution, including votes for from Ghana,Liberia, and Uganda and continued support from the Philippines.6) Encouraging official moratorium Indicator for 2022: 1 country officially declares a moratorium on executions Target countries: Belarus, DRC, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Taiwan, ThailandResults: no target countries declared an official moratorium on executions.7) Preventing resumption of executions Indicator for 2022: no abolitionist in practice countries resume executions Target countries: Cameroon, Liberia, Maldives, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka,Tanzania, TunisiaResults: no targeted abolitionist countries in practice resumed executions. Papua New Guineaabolished the death penalty in 2022. In Liberia, the Senate passed a bill to abolish the death penaltyin the penal code. Maldives and Sri Lanka have confirmed their commitment to a moratorium onexecutions.However, Myanmar executed 4 people for the first time in our decades.C. LIMITING THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY8) Reducing the scope of the death penalty Indicator: at least 1 country reduces the scope of the death penalty in 2022 Target countries: Antigua and Barbuda, China, Dominica, Grenada, Indonesia, Iran,Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, SaintKitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA states (Texas, Alabama), VietnamResults: In Indonesia, the parliament adopted a new Criminal Code that would allow for thecommutation of death sentences after 10 years if certain conditions are met. In December 2022,the National Assembly of Pakistan adopted a bill abolishing the death penalty for drug-relatedoffenses.__________________________________5/10 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty9) Reducing the number of people executed Indicator: 10% decrease in 5 years (AI figure for 2016: 1,031 – excluding China) Target countries: Belarus, China, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Pakistan, Singapore,Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, USAResults: The number of known executions increased significantly between 2021 and 2022, mostlybecause of hundreds of executions in Iran and Saudi Arabia. However, it has decreased by 8.69%in the past 5 years from (993 executions in 2017 to 883 executions in 2022, excluding China, VietNam and North Korea- according to Amnesty International).10) Reducing the number of people sentenced to death Indicator: 10% decrease in 5 years (AI figure for 2017: 2,591– excluding China) Target countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Barbados, Bangladesh, EgyptIndia, Iran, Kenya, Lebanon, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Trinidad and Tobago,Taiwan, Tunisia, USA, YemenResults: The global total of newly imposed death sentences decreased slightly between 2021 and2022, especially in Bangladesh, Lebanon and Yemen. It fell by 22.19% in the past 5 years (2,591death sentences in 2017 to 2,016 in 2022, excluding China, Viet Nam, and North Korea).11) Encouraging clemency processes, granted pardons, mercy petitions andcommutations of death sentences to reduce the number of people on death row Indicator: 20% decrease in 5 years Target countries: Antigua and Barbuda, Algeria, Dominica, Grenada, India, Iran,Japan, Kenya, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sri Lanka, USAResult: Amnesty International recorded commutations or pardons of death sentences in 26countries including: India, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the USA. They also recorded 28exonerations in four countries: Kenya (20), Morocco and Western Sahara (one), USA (two) andZimbabwe (five). Otherwise, at least 28,282 people were known to be under a sentence of deathby the end of 2022, according to Amnesty International.12) Encouraging more transparency regarding the application of the death penalty Indicator: At least 1 retentionist country makes available relevant information ina report to the UN (UPR, UNSG annual report, moratorium report, reports to treatybodies…), disaggregated by sex, age, nationality and race, as applicable, and otherapplicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the numberof persons sentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the numberof executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted onappeal or in which amnesty or pardon has been granted, as well as information on anyscheduled execution (2020 UNGA Moratorium Resolution A/RES/75/183, 7.c) Target countries: Belarus, China, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, North Korea,Saudi Arabia, VietnamResult: The Saudi Commission for Human Rights answered to Amnesty International’s requestfor information on the use of the death penalty in 2022.6(II- Programs(A. World Day against the Death Penalty – 10 October 2022World Day 2022’s main objective was bifold - both to raise public awareness on the link betweendeath penalty and torture to convince people that the death penalty should be abolished and tomark the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty.World Day’s Secondary objectives included:- Supporting abolitionist activists by sharing argument tools, figures and information;- Sharing stories of survivors, those who have been executed, and witnesses to inhuman,cruel, and degrading experiences that amount to torture while dealing with capitalpunishment;- Working with human rights organizations that fight to abolish torture to grow the abolitionistcommunity.-Activity A.1: Production and dissemination of information and mobilization tools.Available in French and English, the following documents were made available to members of theWorld Coalition and distributed in other languages. An effort was made to have the documentstranslated into more languages, starting with Arabic, and including African languages – namely,Swahili, Luganda, and Lingala. In total, 3 World Day tools translated into Arabic (poster, leaflet, 20thWorld Day Tool) has been sent to members and Arabic-speaking members. The World Day poster is available in 19 languages2. Copies in targeted languages wereeither printed or sent directly to Nigeria, Uganda, the DRC, Kenya, Morocco, Mauritaniaand Tunisia The World Day Leaflet with main arguments and testimonies (available on our website in:FR, EN and AR). In addition to their creation, brochures in Arabic were printed and sent tomembers in Morocco, Palestine, and Tunisia. Facts and figures on the death penalty worldwide (available on our website in: FR and EN) Detailed Fact Sheet on torture and the death penalty (available on our website in: FR andEN) A mobilization kit providing the context, suggeste [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/EN_WCADP_2022ActivityReport.pdf ) [265] => Array ( [objectID] => 22729 [title] => World Coalition Statutory Auditor’s Report 2022 [timestamp] => 1692662400 [date] => 22/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-coalition-statutory-auditorss-report-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => World Coalition's Statutory Auditor's Report on the financial statements for the year ended in 2022. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/DBA_Rapport-CAC-2022-ENG.pdf ) [266] => Array ( [objectID] => 22714 [title] => 75th Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/75th-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-of-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/75th-Ordinary-Session-of-the-African-Commission-of-Human-and-Peoples-Rights-500x250.jpg [extrait] => From 3rd to 23rd May 2023, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) held its 75th Ordinary Session for the first time in a hybrid format with participants both attending online and in person in Banjul, the Gambia, seat of the ACHPR. [texte] => From 3rd to 23rd May 2023, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) held its 75th Ordinary Session for the first time in a hybrid format with participants both attending online and in person in Banjul, the Gambia, seat of the ACHPR. (more…) "75th Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [267] => Array ( [objectID] => 22695 [title] => East African Seminar on Best Practices in Kenya: A Key Gathering for the Abolitionist Movement on the Continent [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/east-african-seminar-on-best-practices-in-kenya-a-key-gathering-for-the-abolitionist-movement-on-the-continent/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/seminar-nairobi-kenya-june2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => A privileged moment to exchange on the different abolitionist dynamics in Africa As part of the Africabolition project, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) and FIACAT (the International Federation of ACATS) organized a seminar for English-speaking African members from 19-26 June, 2023 in Nairobi, Kenya. [texte] => A privileged moment to exchange on the different abolitionist dynamics in AfricaAs part of the Africabolition project, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) and FIACAT (the International Federation of ACATS) organized a seminar for English-speaking African members from 19-26 June, 2023 in Nairobi, Kenya. (more…) "East African Seminar on Best Practices in Kenya: A Key Gathering for the Abolitionist Movement on the Continent" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [268] => Array ( [objectID] => 22673 [title] => World Coalition launches glossary on gender and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-launches-glossary-on-gender-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/gender-and-death-penalty-glossary-500x250.jpg [extrait] => As part of its efforts to mainstream a gender lens in the abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty just released a glossary on gender and the death penalty. The first of its kind, this publication presents and defines terms relevant to gender-sensitive abolitionist work that recognize the various forms of gender-based discrimination […] [texte] => As part of its efforts to mainstream a gender lens in the abolitionist movement, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty just released a glossary on gender and the death penalty. The first of its kind, this publication presents and defines terms relevant to gender-sensitive abolitionist work that recognize the various forms of gender-based discrimination and violence at work throughout the judicial process leading to the death penalty.While it is not an exhaustive list of all concepts related to gender and capital punishment, it is a significant step towards clarifying the nexus between gender and abolition. This glossary is one of several tools developed to help abolitionists affirm the commitment they made on World Day Against the Death Penalty 2021 and 2022 to make visible the struggles of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals sentenced to death around the world.This publication was made possible through the contributions of the members of the World Coalition’s Gender Working Group, as well as other member organizations, including Eleos Justice of Monash University, Greater Carribean for Life, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Fédération internationale pour les droits humains (FIDH), ACAT France and The Advocates for Human Rights. We would also like to thank LGBTQIA+ organizations ASEAN SOGIE Caucus and ILGA Asia as well as the Women and Harm Reduction International Network for their input.This glossary is now available in English and French. Click here to learn more about the World Coalition’s work on gender and the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [269] => Array ( [objectID] => 22654 [title] => Advocating for the recognition of women sentenced to death in the fight for women’s rights [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/advocating-for-the-recognition-of-women-sentenced-to-death-in-the-fight-for-womens-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/women-deliver-summit-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => From July 16 to 20, a World Coalition delegation comprising Connie Numbi of Foundation for Human Rights Initiative Uganda, Dr Anna Henga of Legal Human Right Center Tanzania, Damaris Kemunto of the Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya), and Méline Szwarcberg, Women and Gender Project Manager at the World Coalition, attended […] [texte] => From July 16 to 20, a World Coalition delegation comprising Connie Numbi of Foundation for Human Rights Initiative Uganda, Dr Anna Henga of Legal Human Right Center Tanzania, Damaris Kemunto of the Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya), and Méline Szwarcberg, Women and Gender Project Manager at the World Coalition, attended the Women Deliver women's rights summit in Kigali, Rwanda. (more…) "Advocating for the recognition of women sentenced to death in the fight for women’s rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [270] => Array ( [objectID] => 22620 [title] => Women and Death Penalty Factsheet – World Day 2023 [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/women-and-death-penalty-factsheet-world-day-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [1] DATA ON WOMEN ON DEATH ROWWOMEN ON DEATH ROWAlthough women currently make up less than 5% of the global death row population (representing 500 to 1000 women on death row), analysis of their profiles, backgrounds, and crimes for which they were sentenced to death deserves particular attention as it reveals the significant existence of gender biases in capital punishment proceedings1.In 2023, we know that there are women on death row in at least 42 countries (71 % of retentionist and abolitionist in practice countries with more than 3 people on death row) and because of a lack of transparency in some countries, we have no data for 8 countries2.WOMEN'S EXECUTIONWomen have been executed in the last 10 years in the following countries: Afghanistan, China, Egypt, Gambia, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, North Korea, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, and the United States.China executed at least an approximately 20 to 100 women per year in recent years (CCDPW)Iran executed at least 164 women between January 2010 and October 2021 (IHR)Saudi Arabia executed 31 women between 2010 and 2021 (ESOHR and Reprieve)[2] PROFILE OF WOMEN SENTENCEDTO DEATHAnalysis of the profiles of women sentenced to death reveals that a large majority are from ethnic and racial minorities, are non-literate, have intellectual or psychological disabilities, and have experienced gender-based violence. In some regions, such as Gulf and Southeast Asian states, the majority of those sentenced to death are migrants3.1 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, (2018), Judged for more than her crime.2 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (2023), Mapping of Women on Death Row.3 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, (2018), Judged for more#WomenOnDeathRowFacts and figuresWomen and the Death Penalty21st World Day Against the Death Penalty[3] CRIMES FOR WHICH WOMEN ARESENTENCED TO DEATHMURDERThe first crime for which women are sentenced to death worldwide is murder. Many of these crimes involve murders of family members in a context of gender-based violence4. Due to a lack of knowledge on gender-sensitive mitigation of the criminal justice system, domestic abuse is not often considered as mitigating factor in sentencing.DRUG OFFENSEDrug-related offense is the second most common reason for women to be on death row, particularly in Asia and Middle East5. Many women tend to work in the drug market due to economic and social marginalization. Some women sentenced to death for drug trafficking have been victims of romance scams (Feigning romantic intentions to gain their affection and trust before using tricks to manipulate them).OFFENSE INVOLVING SEXUAL MORALITYWomen are disproportionately sentenced to death for adultery. In jurisdictions that apply Sharia law, zina, the criminalization of consensual sexual relations outside marriage, is used disproportionately to convicted women compared to men.Other crimes for which women are sentenced to death include terrorism, prostitution, blasphemy, kidnapping, armed robbery, and witchcraft.conduct.than her crime.4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. Gender-based bias permeates criminal legal systems. Gender biases manifest themselves in the investigative stage by law enforcement biases; at the trial stage, in which a fair trial may be unavailable for women facing harsh socio-economic deprivation and little access to education; and in sentencing, when women defendants are sentenced to death after being prevented from arguing that gender and patriarchy affected their criminal [4] GENDER DISCRIMINATION ONDEATH ROWWomen have specific needs which are not always addressed on death row. These include sexual and reproductive health, medical and mental health care, harm reduction services for substance abusers and protection from gender-based violence, among others. Also, female prisoners are exposed to a risk of gender –based violence while incarcerated.The Bangkok Rules, adopted in 2010, are the first set of rules tailored to the treatment of women prisoners. They complement existing international standards on the treatment of prisoner such as Mandela Rules.[5] UGANDA CASE STUDYIn 2022 there were 3 women on death row in Uganda (FHRI and PRI Uganda). In 2018 there were 11. According to Amnesty, in 2021 at least 135 people were on death row in the country. Women therefore represent between 2 and 8% of death row prisoners. Of the 3 women currently on death row, all have been convicted of the crime of murder, often carried out in the context of gender-based violence. Despite prevalence of domestic violence, courts fail to consider realities of spousal abuse to mitigate culpability of women defendants.[6] WOMEN, TORTURE AND THEDEATH PENALTYTORTURE TO FORCE A CONFESSIONWomen victims of gender-based violence, who are over-represented on death row, are at risk of making false confessions when subjected to coercive interrogations, especially those carried out by men.DETENTION CONDITIONViolence against women in detention – includinggender and sexual abuse and harassment, inappropriate touching during searches, rape, and sexual coercion – can rise to the level of torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.[7] KEY ADVOCACY MESSAGESPending full abolition of the death penalty: (1)Commute the sentences of women sentenced to death for killing close family members who perpetrated gender-based violence against them and for women sentenced to death for drug trafficking and other offenses that do not involve the loss of human life.(2)Ensure that the criminal legal system takes full account of any mitigating factors linked to women’s background including evidence of prior abuse and psychosocial and intellectual disabilities.(3) Ensure that all persons facing the death penalty have their right to free and effective legal representation respected.(4)Prevent the detention and prosecution of women for “moral and sexual” crimes and of people for their sexual orientation and decriminalize such offenses. (5)In accordance with the Mandela and Bangkok Rules, adopt gender-sensitive policies regarding the detention of women, ensuring their safety and security before trial, during admission to prison, and while incarcerated.[8] RESOURCESRead more about this• Judged for More Than Her Crime: a Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty (Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide)• No One Believed me: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty for Drug Offenses (Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide)• Silently Silenced: State-Sanctioned Killing of Women (Monash University)• Detailed factsheet, Invisible reality of women sentenced to death (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty)• Mapping of Women on Death Row (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty) “National criminal justice systems and prisons, and to some extent international law itself, are largely designed by men and for men and often overlook women’s specific needs and vulnerabilities.”Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for more than her crime, 2018 #WomenOnDeathRow [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Women-and-Death-Penalty-Factsheet_World-Day-2023.pdf ) [271] => Array ( [objectID] => 22610 [title] => FACTS AND FIGURES LGBTQIA+ People and the Death Penalty – 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-lgbtqia-people-and-the-death-penalty-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [1] ANTI-LGBTQIA+ DISCRIMINATION & THE DEATH PENALTYThroughout the judicial processLGBTQIA+ people face arrest, imprisonment and community supervision at higher rates than non- LGBTQIA+ people. For example, while LGBTQIA+ youth represent just 9.5% of the general population in the United States, they account for 20% of all youth in the juvenile justice system.1On death rowAside from the discriminatory use of the death penalty for consensual same-sex sexual acts, hereafter referred to as CSSSA, LGBTQIA+ people are particularly vulnerable to abuse and mistreatment.2Intersectional discriminationLGBTQIA+ people experiencediscrimination due to other axes of identity. For example, Black trans people experience higher lifetime rates of incarceration than other trans people.3[2] DEATH PENALTY FOR CONSENSUALSAME-SEX SEXUAL ACTS (CSSSA)Private CSSSA are punishable by death in 12 countries. The majority of these countries prohibit these acts only between men and six of them actually implement the death penalty.4 5AfghanistanUnder Sharia law, death is the maximum penalty for CSSSA between men and between women. Since the Taliban came to power, several gay men have been executed by stoning.BruneiLiwat or CSSSA between men can be punishable by death, but Brunei’s moratorium on the death penalty has been extended to include this offense.IranThe “active party” of lawat (sodomy) or tafkhiz (intercrural coitus) can be punished by death if he is married or not Muslim when the “passive party” is1 Jones, A. (2021). Visualizing the unequal treatment of LGBTQ people in the criminal justice system. Prison Policy Initiative.2 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. (2023). Making gender discrimination in capital punishment visible. https://worldcoalition.org/campagne/making-gender-discrimination-in-capital-punishment-visible/3 Grant, J. M., Motter, L. A., & Tanis, J. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A report of the national transgender discrimination survey.4 Human Dignity Trust. (2023). Map of Countries that Criminalise LGBT People. https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of- criminalisation/FACTS AND FIGURESLGBTQIA+ People and the Death Penalty21st World Day Against the Death PenaltyMuslim. Those convicted of mosahegheh (CSSSA between women) for the fourth time can also be liable to the death penalty.MauritaniaMuslim men who engage in CSSSA with a non-Muslim man can be put to death. However, a de facto moratorium has been in place for more than 30 years.Nigeria12 states in Northern Nigeria prohibit CSSSA between men and between women. There is no public record of executions for this offense.PakistanZina provisions prohibit all sexual relations outside marriage. As same sex marriage is not recognized, this essentially covers CSSSA. There have been no executions on this basis for the past few years.QatarSharia courts can sentence Muslim men engaging in CSSSA to death. However, public records show that this hasn’t been done in recent years.Saudi ArabiaMarried men and men of different religions engaging in CSSSA can be liable to the death penalty. However, it is not clear if the death penalty is applied for this offense, and evidence on prosecutions is difficult to gather.Somalia“Carnal intercourse between persons of the same sex” is prohibited for men and women. There is no record of state executions for this offense, but local non-state actors have been executing men for CSSSA.UAESharia law and criminal code provisions criminalize CSSSA. However, the death penalty has never been applied.UgandaUnder the new Anti-Homosexuality Act (2023), “aggravated homosexuality” is punishable by death.5 ECPM. (2022). 10 Questions on the death penalty for LGBTQIA+ : A report on the application of the death penalty for consensual same- sex conducts. compounded YemenMarried men or women engaging in “sodomy” can be put to death by stoning, but there haven’t been executions for this offense in more than a decade.[3] TRANSGENDER PEOPLE & THE DEATH PENALTYGlobal data on trans people sentenced to death is largely unavailable. Self-identification is not possible in many jurisdictions. However, evidence in the US suggests that trans women are overrepresented on death row. They represent 8% of women on death row,6 while only less than 1% of the general population is trans.7[4] CASE STUDY: SAREH & ELHAMThis is the summary of the most recent high-profile case of LGBTQIA+ people sentenced to death.In October 2021, Iranian authorities arrested Zahra Sedighi-Hamadani, an LGBTQIA+ rights activist also known as Sareh while she was trying to cross the border to Turkey. She was accused of “promoting homosexuality.” A few days later, her friend Elham Chubdar was also charged with "encouraging corruption and prostitution."In September 2022, they were both sentenced to death for “corruption on Earth,” using evidence gained through forced confessions and other acts of torture. After intense public outrage and international pressure, their death sentences were overturned in December 2022. While they were also released on bail in March 2023, they are still set to face their fate in court.8Take action for Sareh and Elham on action.allout.org. [5] LGBTQIA+ PEOPLE, TORTURE ANDTHE DEATH PENALTYSEXUAL ABUSE. LGBTQIA+ are particularly vulnerable to physical and sexual abuse in prisons, which may amount to torture and cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment (CIDT).9 Trans people can be placed in prisons that do not match their gender, exposing them to rape and other acts of sexual violence.10 Trans and intersex people are alsosubjected to invasive strip and search practices to determine their sex.11ACCESS TO CARE. Failing to consider the specific needs of LGBTQIA+ people, including sexual and reproductive health care, gender-affirming care, HIV care, mental health care and protection from gender-based violence, can turn detention into torture.12DETENTION CONDITIONS. Trans people are discriminatorily placed in solitary confinement supposedly to protect them from violence.13 Long-term solitary confinement has been condemned by United Nations experts as torture.14[6] INTERNATIONAL STANDARDSUN Human Rights CommitteeToonen v. Australia: The criminalization of CSSSA violates the right to privacy and the right to equality before the law.General Comment No. 36: “Under no circumstances can the death penalty ever be applied as a sanction against conduct whose very criminalization violates the Covenant, including...homosexuality...”UN Human Rights CouncilResolution on the question of the death penalty: “Condemning the imposition of the death penalty as a sanction for specific forms of conduct, such as...consensual same-sex relations...”UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against WomenFlamer-Caldera v Sri Lanka: The criminalization of CSSSA between women violates their right to non- discrimination.https://worldcoalition.org/document/primer-on-transgender-individuals-facing-the-death-penalty/trans-rights- and-death-penalty-factsheet_v1-0-2/11 Milton, J, Intersex woman suffers ‘cruel and degrading treatment’ in men’s prison despite court pleas (July 2022), available at: https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/07/05/intersex-australia-yatala-labor-prison/12 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. (2022). Joint statement on the death penalty and human rights of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals.13 McCauley, E., Eckstrand, K., Desta, B., Bouvier, B., Brockmann, B., & Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. (2018). Exploring healthcare experiences for incarcerated individuals who identify as transgender in a southern jail. Transgender health, 3(1), 34-41.14 Méndez, J. (2011). Solitary confinement should be banned in most cases, UN expert says. UN News, 18. 6 The Cornell Center on Death Penalty Worldwide (2022). Database. https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database.7 Flores, A. R., Herman, J., Gates, G. J., & Brown, T. N. (2016). How many adults identify as transgender in the United States? (Vol. 13). Los Angeles, CA: Williams Institute.8 All Out. (2023). Iran: Save Sareh and Elham’s Lives. https://action.allout.org/en/m/66561cda/9 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. (2022). Joint statement on the death penalty and human rights of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals. https://worldcoalition.org/2022/10/10/world-day-20th-anniversary-joint- statement/10 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, FIACAT, The Advocates for Human Rights & Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide. (2021). Primer on transgender individuals facing the death penalty. [7] RECOMMENDATIONS(1) Pending full abolition, enact a de jure moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty and, in the meantime, commute all death sentences.(2) Decriminalize consensual same-sex sexual activity between adults and gender diversity and repeal all other discriminatory laws against LGBTQIA+ people.(3) Commute the sentences of all individuals convicted of these crimes, release any individual detained under these laws, and instruct prosecutors and police to cease prosecutions and arrests on these charges.(4) Ensure that the specific needs of LGBTQIA+ prisoners are met and that they are protected from all forms of abuse, harassment and violence.(5) Institute prison and judicial policies to recognize and affirm the gender identity of trans prisoners and prevent and investigate discriminatory treatment, torture and CIDT.[8] THINGS YOU CAN DO(1) Advocate against discriminatory laws.(2) Visit and maintain contact with LGBTQIA+ people on death row and/or their families.(3) Raise awareness about the criminalization of LGBTQIA+ people and their conditions in prison.(4) Mainstream gender in abolitionist actions.(5) Join or support LGBTQIA+ and abolitionist groups![9] RESOURCES● State-Sanctioned Killing of Sexual Minorities (Monash University)● ECPM Resources: Love is Not a Crime● Primer on transgender individuals facing the death penalty (World Coalition Against theDeath Penalty)● State-Enabled Killing of Same-Sex-Attrac [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/LGBTQIA_-rigths_and_Death_Penalty_World_Day_2023.pdf ) [272] => Array ( [objectID] => 25647 [title] => A/HRC/54/53: Human rights challenges in addressing and countering all aspects of the world drug problem – Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1692057600 [date] => 15/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-54-53-human-rights-challenges-in-addressing-and-countering-all-aspects-of-the-world-drug-problem-report-of-the-office-of-the-united-nations-high-commissioner-for-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report outlines human rights challenges in addressing and countering keyaspects of the world drug problem. It also offers an overview of recent positive developmentsto shift towards more human rights-centred drug policies, and provides recommendations onthe way forward in view of the upcoming midterm review of the 2019 Ministerial Declarationand to contribute to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [texte] => GE.23-14757 (E) 140823 150823Human Rights CouncilFifty-fourth session11 September–6 October 2023Agenda item 3Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil,political, economic, social and cultural rights,including the right to developmentHuman rights challenges in addressing and countering allaspects of the world drug problemReport of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner forHuman Rights*SummaryThe present report outlines human rights challenges in addressing and countering keyaspects of the world drug problem. It also offers an overview of recent positive developmentsto shift towards more human rights-centred drug policies, and provides recommendations onthe way forward in view of the upcoming midterm review of the 2019 Ministerial Declarationand to contribute to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.* Agreement was reached to publish the present report after the standard publication date owing tocircumstances beyond the submitter’s control.United Nations A/HRC/54/53General Assembly Distr.: General15 August 2023Original: EnglishA/HRC/54/532 GE.23-14757I. Introduction1. The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 52/24.The Council requested Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights(OHCHR) to prepare a report, in consultation with States, the United Nations Office on Drugsand Crime (UNODC) and other relevant United Nations agencies, civil society and otherrelevant stakeholders, on human rights challenges in addressing and countering all aspects ofthe world drug problem, and to present it to the Council at its fifty-fourth session.2. In preparing the report, OHCHR issued a call for submissions, addressed to States andother stakeholders. The report is based on the analysis conducted by OHCHR of over 100contributions,1 and a review of publicly available material, including recent developmentsfrom human rights mechanisms and Vienna-based bodies.II. International legal and policy framework3. International drug control measures are regulated by three drug control conventions:the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on PsychotropicSubstances and the 1988 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugsand Psychotropic Substances. The International Narcotics Control Board monitors theimplementation of these conventions. The original aim of these conventions was to protectthe health and welfare of humankind. However, current drug control policies have primarilytaken a punitive approach to suppress the market in illicit drugs, and many countries haveadopted repressive policies, with consequent impacts on human rights.4. On various occasions, States have committed to respecting, protecting and promotingall human rights in the development and implementation of drug policies. 2 The outcomedocument of the thirtieth special session of the General Assembly on the world drug problemintroduced new language on respecting, promoting and protecting human rights in drugpolicy, and moved the narrative beyond the traditional three pillars of supply, demand andcooperation, of previous United Nations documents on drug policy,3 and towards publichealth and development.45. In the 2019 Ministerial Declaration, all States noted that responses “not in conformitywith applicable international human rights obligations pose a challenge to the implementationof joint commitments based on the principle of common and shared responsibility”.56. The International Guidelines on Human Rights and Drug Policy, developed by acoalition of United Nations Member States, the World Health Organization (WHO), the JointUnited Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), UNDP, OHCHR and human rightsand drug policy experts, provide a comprehensive set of international legal guidance forplacing human dignity, human rights and sustainable development at the centre of Stateresponses to the drug problem.6 The Guidelines highlight the measures States should take tocomply with their human rights obligations, while taking into account their obligations underthe international drug control conventions. They provide that “obligations contained withininternational drug control treaties may not be used as a basis for violating concomitantinternational human rights obligations”.71 Submissions are available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-inputs-ohchrs-reporthuman-rights-challenges-addressing-and-countering.2 https://www.unodc.org/documents/postungass2016/outcome/V1603301-E.pdf; and General Assemblyresolutions 74/178, 75/198, 76/188 and 77/238.3 https://www.unodc.org/documents/drug-prevention-andtreatment/JOINT_MINISTERIAL_STATEMENT_2014_HIGH_LEVEL_REVIEW_BY_THE_COMMISSION.pdf.4 https://www.unodc.org/documents/postungass2016/outcome/V1603301-E.pdf.5 https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/2019/Ministerial_Declaration.pdf.6 https://www.undp.org/publications/international-guidelines-human-rights-and-drug-policy.7Ibid.A/HRC/54/53GE.23-14757 37. In the United Nations system common position supporting the implementation of theinternational drug control policy through effective inter-agency collaboration, UnitedNations agencies reiterated their strong commitment to supporting Member States indeveloping and implementing truly balanced, human rights-based, development-oriented andsustainable responses to the world drug problem, within the framework of the 2030 Agendafor Sustainable Development.8III. Human rights challenges in addressing and countering theworld drug problem8. The world drug problem has a major impact on the enjoyment of human rights.Responding to the harms associated with drug use and to the illicit drug trade constitutes amajor public policy challenge of our time, of which all aspects have human rightsimplications. This chapter examines the human rights implications of the main areas ofconcern when addressing and countering the world drug problem.A. Lack of, and unequal access to, treatment and harm reduction9. The World Drug Report 2023 put the global estimate of people who injected drugs in2021 at 13.2 million, 18 per cent higher than previously estimated. Globally, over 296 millionpeople used drugs in 2021, an increase of 23 per cent over the previous decade. Furthermore,the number of people suffering from drug use disorders skyrocketed to 39.5 million, a 45 percent increase over 10 years.910. The provision of accessible drug treatment services is essential to realize the right tohealth of people who use drugs. However, the demand for treating drug-related disordersremains largely unmet. Only one in five people suffering from drug-related disorders was intreatment for drug use in 2021, with widening disparities in access to treatment acrossregions.10 Regarding this gap in services, nearly 600,000 people still die every year fromdrug-related causes, namely viral hepatitis, HIV, overdose and injuries.1111. The right to the highest attainable standard of health applies equally in the context ofdrug laws, policies and practices, and includes access, on a voluntary basis, to harm reductionservices12 and drug dependence treatment.13 In the outcome document of the special sessionof the General Assembly on the world drug problem, Member States agreed on variousmeasures to address demand reduction and health-related issues.14 In the 2019 MinisterialDeclaration, Member States noted with concern that drug treatment and health servicescontinued to fall short of meeting needs, and reiterated their resolve to strengthen demandreduction initiatives covering prevention, early intervention, treatment, care, recovery,rehabilitation and social reintegration measures on a non-discriminatory basis.1512. Treaty bodies have expressed concern over the lack of harm reduction programmesfor drug users,16 and have recommended the expansion of such programmes,17 including inprisons, 18 and the removal of obstacles that limit access to those services. 19 Special8 CEB/2018/2, annex I.9 https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/world-drug-report-2023.html.10 Ibid.11 https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA75/A75_43-en.pdf.12 https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240052390 andhttps://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978924150437. See also submission from Association deLutte contre le Sida.13 https://www.undp.org/publications/international-guidelines-human-rights-and-drug-policy.14 https://www.unodc.org/documents/postungass2016/outcome/V1603301-E.pdf, recommendation No. 1(a)–(r).15 https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/2019/Ministerial_Declaration.pdf.16 E/C.12/BOL/CO/3, para. 56; and E/C.12/ECU/CO/4, para. 47.17 E/C.12/BEN/CO/3, para. 42; E/C.12/ITA/CO/6, para. 60; and E/C.12/AZE/CO/4, para. 49.18 E/C.12/UKR/CO/7, para. 43.19 E/C.12/CHE/CO/4, para. 51.A/HRC/54/534 GE.23-14757procedures of the Human Rights Council have recommended access to adequate medicalcare,20 including drug replacement therapies for drug users,21 the strengthening of aftercareprogrammes to support sustained recovery, 22 the prohibition of compulsory drugrehabilitation, the development of oversight and accountability structures of drug treatmentand rehabilitation centres, and strengthening and promoting effective, consensual andvoluntary community-based treatment and rehabilitation.23 Regarding the situation in prisonsettings, special procedures have expressed concern over the lack of drug withdrawaltreatments,24 noted that prison-based needle and syringe programmes are an essential harmreduction measure for the prevention of blood-borne virus transmission,25 and recommendedmaking available voluntary, evidence-informed and rights-based medical care.2613. In its resolution 64/3, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs encouraged States topromote, improve and facilitate drug prevention, treatment, care, sustained recovery andrelated support services, on a voluntary basis, and to prevent any possible acts of cruel,inhuman or degrading treatment or [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report [1] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g23/156/03/pdf/g2315603.pdf?token=NJxDfKawwqIX7e39lx&fe=true ) [273] => Array ( [objectID] => 22576 [title] => Data Mapping: Women on Death Row [timestamp] => 1690848000 [date] => 01/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/data-mapping-women-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2021, the 19th edition of the World Day Against the Death Penalty (“World Day” on October 10) was dedicated to the invisible reality of women on death row, paving the way for new data on the issue of women sentenced to death. Many members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (“World Coalition”), in preparation for 10 October, conducted research to document the situations of women facing the death penalty around the world. To systematize the information collected and have a global understanding of women sentenced to death, the World Coalition conducted a data systematization exercise.This short report presents the main conclusions of this country exercise. These findings are a compilation of existing data available to the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its members organization up to December 2022. [texte] => 123Data Mapping: Women onDeath RowJune 2023This publication has been produced with generous support from the Government of Canada.The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the World Coalition and can in no waybe taken to reflect the views of the Government of Canada.4Table of contentList of acronyms ................................................................................................................................................................. 5I. General information about the country mapping exercise ....................................................................................... 6Some details on the methodological approach ............................................................................................................. 6II. Results of the country mapping on women on death row ........................................................................................ 8Data on the presence of women on death row ............................................................................................................. 8Information about countries where there are no women on death row .................................................................... 11Data on executions of women ..................................................................................................................................... 13Data on the countries with the most women on death row ....................................................................................... 15Data on the profiles of women sentenced to death and the crimes they have committed: ...................................... 18Concluding observations .............................................................................................................................................. 20Appendix .......................................................................................................................................................................... 215List of acronymsAJEM Association justice et miséricordeAMDH Association mauritanienne des droits humainsAPWLD Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and DevelopmentCAT Committee against TortureCCDPW Cornell Center on the Death Penalty WorldwideCHESO Children Education SocietyCONICOPEM Coalition nigérienne contre la peine de mortCPJ Culture pour la Paix et la JusticeCPR Japan Center for Prisoner's RightsCTCPM Coalition nationale tunisienne contre la peine de mortECPM Ensemble contre la peine de mortEDPI Egypt Death Penalty IndexESOHR European Saudi Organisation for Human RightsFHRI Foundation for Human Rights InitiativeFIDH Fédération internationale pour les droits humainsICJ Kenya Kenyan Section of the International Commission of JuristsIHR Iran Human RightsJPP Justice Project PakistanLACR Lebanese Association for Civil RightsPRI Penal Reform InternationalSHAMS Human Rights and Democracy Media CenterTAHR The Advocates for Human RightsWorld Day World Day Against the Death PenaltyWorld Coalition World Coalition Against the Death Penalty6I. General information about the country mapping exerciseIn 2021, the 19th edition of the World Day Against the Death Penalty (“World Day” onOctober 10) was dedicated to the invisible reality of women on death row, paving the way for new data on theissue of women sentenced to death. Many members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (“WorldCoalition”), in preparation for 10 October, conducted research to document the situations of women facing thedeath penalty around the world. To systematize the information collected and have a global understanding ofwomen sentenced to death, the World Coalition conducted a data systematization exercise.This short report presents the main conclusions of this country exercise. These findings are a compilation ofexisting data available to the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its members organization up toDecember 2022.Some details on the methodological approachAll the information in this report comes from analyses of the events carried out by the members of the WorldCoalition up to and through World Day 2021 (e.g., reports, webinars, radio spots, publications on social networks,etc.). It also contains an analysis of press articles published on or around World Day 2021. To ensure that the datawas up to date, additional consultations were held with members of the World Coalition and additional literatureresearch was conducted (primarily of press articles). When those consultations and media searches revealed nonew information, data from the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide (CCDPW) were used.1Amnesty International’s annual reports on death sentences and executions are the primary source for data on theglobal death row population. When Amnesty International did not have disaggregated data on a death rowpopulation, we used data from the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide or World Coalition membersfrom the country in question. To ensure methodological consistency, we have used data from corresponding yearsand sources to calculate the percentage of women on death row, wherever possible.Regarding countries’ death penalty status, we used Amnesty International's 2022 classification2 which highlights55 retentionist countries and 23 abolitionist in practice countries.3This exercise was limited to an analysis of quantitative and qualitative data on women sentenced to deathworldwide (numbers, profile, crimes committed, etc.), but an in-depth analysis of penal and penitentiary systems,cultural and social gender norms, including the level of gender equality, would be necessary to strengthen theunderstanding of the link between gender and the death penalty.For the country mapping analysis, the retentionist and abolitionist in practice countries were divided into fourcategories: countries where we know there are women on death row; countries where we do not know if womenare on death row; countries where there are fewer than three people on death row and no women on death row;and countries where there are more than three people on death row but no women on death row.Countries where we know there are women on death row include those for which we have both accurate and1 The database (http://deathpenalty-worldwide.org) and the following reports were used: Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide,Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty, (September 2018), available at:https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/judged-more-than-her-crime/ ; Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, No OneBelieved Me: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty for Drug Offenses, (September 2021), available at:https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/no-one-believed-me-a-global- overview-of-women-facing-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offenses/2 Amnesty International, Global Report: death sentences and Executions, (2022), available athttps://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/3 According to Amnesty International, abolitionist in practice countries refer to countries that retain the death penalty for ordinary crimes suchas murder but can be considered abolitionist in practice in that they have not executed anyone during the last 10 years or more and are believedto have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions. Retentionist countries refer to countries that retain the death penalty forordinary crimes.7inaccurate data on the number of women on death row. This category includes all countries for which we haveinformation on at least one woman on death row or on a recent execution. These are all countries where thereare more than three (3) people on death row. Countries where we don't know if women are on death row referto countries for which we do not have reliable data indicating that a woman is on death row or has recently beenexecuted, but where, due to (1) the number of people on death row, (2) the crimes punishable by death and (3)recent and past convictions, women may be on death row. These are all countries where there are more thanthree (3) people on death row.8II. Results of the country mapping on women on death rowData on the presence of women on death rowBased on the results of the data systematization, in December 2022, among the 78 retentionist and abolitionistin practice countries, we know that women are on death row in 42 countries (54%). Among 59 retentionist andabolitionist in practice countries with more than three people on death row4, 71% (32 retentionist and tenabolitionist in practice countries) have women on death row. It is necessary to note that w i t h in this dataset,there are still eight countries (five retentionist and three abolitionist in practice) for which we have no clearinformation about women on death row, which could change the total percentage of countries with women ondeath row (more information below).These results allow us to observe that women on death row are present in most countries that retain the deathpenalty with a minimum number of prisoners on death row. Indeed, when a retentionist or abolitionist countryin practice has no women on death row, it is often because there are no or very few people on death row.54 This includes the 42 countries where there are women on death row, the 8 countries where we don't know if there are women on death rowand the 9 countries with more than 3 people on death row where there are no women on death row.5 There are some exceptions which are detailed in the following section “information about countries where there are no women on deathrow", see infra, p. 11.42countries ;54%19countries;24%9countries;12%8countries;10%Women on death row in allretentionist and abolitionist inpractice countriesCountries with more than 3 people on death row andwhere women are on death rowCountries with 3 or less people on death row andwhere there are no women on death rowCountries with more than 3 people on death row andwher [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/ENG_Country-Mapping-report_Women-on-Death-Row.pdf ) [274] => Array ( [objectID] => 22567 [title] => Gender and Death Penalty Glossary [timestamp] => 1690848000 [date] => 01/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/gender-and-death-penalty-glossary/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As part of the integration of a gender and intersectional approach into its strategy, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) decided to develop a glossary to identify and define the key terms of which the abolitionist movement should be aware to consider gender and other axes of intersectional discrimination at work in the capital punishment process, and more broadly to mainstream gender into their abolitionist work. This glossary was developed based on existing glossaries of World Coalition members on closely related topics, existing international definitions and standards established by international human rightsmechanisms as well as based on definitions written by international organizations specializing inwomen's rights and LGBTQIA+ people’s rights.This glossary aims to support the abolitionist movement in recognizing the gender and intersectional biases at work in the judicial process leading to the death penalty and to contribute to the developmentof a common language around these issues, a process initiated a few years ago by members of theWorld Coalition Against such as the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide. Moreover, this glossary also aims to promote the integration of a gender approach into the internal workings o fabolitionist organizations. [texte] => 20Table of contentsAcknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 4List of words sorted in alphabetical order: ..................................................................................... 5Gender-related terms ................................................................................................................... 6• Gender ......................................................................................................................................... 6• Gender binary .............................................................................................................................. 6• Gender expression....................................................................................................................... 6• Gender identity............................................................................................................................ 6• Sex ............................................................................................................................................... 6• Gender non-conformity ............................................................................................................... 6• Gender stereotypes ..................................................................................................................... 7• Gender bias ................................................................................................................................. 7• Gender-based discrimination ...................................................................................................... 7• Gender-based violence ................................................................................................................ 7• Violence against women.............................................................................................................. 8• Sexual violence ............................................................................................................................ 8• Harassment.................................................................................................................................. 8• Intersectionality ........................................................................................................................... 9• Forced marriage........................................................................................................................... 9• Child marriage ............................................................................................................................. 9• Homosexuality ........................................................................................................................... 10• Heterosexuality.......................................................................................................................... 10• Lesbian....................................................................................................................................... 10• Gay ............................................................................................................................................. 10• Bisexual ...................................................................................................................................... 11• Homophobia .............................................................................................................................. 11• Biphobia..................................................................................................................................... 11• Transgender / Trans ................................................................................................................... 11• Non-binary ................................................................................................................................. 11• Transsexual ................................................................................................................................ 11• Transphobia ............................................................................................................................... 11• Cisgender ................................................................................................................................... 12• Queer ......................................................................................................................................... 12• Intersex people .......................................................................................................................... 12• Asexual....................................................................................................................................... 12• LGBTQIA+ ................................................................................................................................... 121• SOGIESC ..................................................................................................................................... 13• Pronouns / Preferred gender pronouns .................................................................................... 13• Deadname ................................................................................................................................. 13Death penalty-related terms ....................................................................................................... 14• Right to fair trial......................................................................................................................... 14• Consular access ......................................................................................................................... 14• Mitigating factor/circumstances ................................................................................................ 14• Self-defense ............................................................................................................................... 15• Romance scam........................................................................................................................... 15• Harm reduction ......................................................................................................................... 15• Drug offense .............................................................................................................................. 16• Zina ............................................................................................................................................ 16• CEDAW ....................................................................................................................................... 16• Nelson Mandela Rules ............................................................................................................... 17• Bangkok Rules............................................................................................................................ 17• The Yogyakarta Principles .......................................................................................................... 17Terms related to gender-sensitive project management............................................................... 18• Gender mainstreaming .............................................................................................................. 18• Gender-sensitive ........................................................................................................................ 18• Gender-disaggregated data ....................................................................................................... 18• Gender-responsive budget ........................................................................................................ 18• Gender-sensitive indicators ....................................................................................................... 19• Gender-neutral/inclusive language ........................................................................................... 192Gender Glossary: World Coalition Against the DeathPenaltyJune 2023This publication has been produced with generous support from the Government of Canada.The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the World Coalition and can in no waybe taken to reflect the views of the Government of Canada.3IntroductionAs part of the integration of a gender and intersectional approach into its strategy, the World CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty (World Coalition) decided to develop a glossary to identify and define thekey terms of which the abolitionist movement should be aware to consider gender and other axes ofintersectional discrimination at work in the capital punishment process, and more broadly tomainstream gender into their abolitionist work. This glossary is not an exhaustive presentation of allterminology related to gender and the death penalty, and each of the terms proposed is not defined indetail. It can be seen as a starting point for the explanation of terms and concepts related to thissubject. The words and expressions contained in this glossary are those that we have found most usefulfor conducting gender-sensitive abolitionist work, but also those that often pose the most problems ofinterpretation. In addition, it is important to stress that the definitions of the terms in this glossary mayvary according to place and culture, and are constantly evolving.This glossary was developed based on existing glossaries of World Coalition members on closely relatedtopics1, existing international definitions and standards established by international human rightsmechanisms as well as based on definitions written by international organizations specializing inwomen's rights and LGBTQIA+ people’s rights2.This glossary aims to support the abolitionist movement [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/World-Coalition-Against-the-Death-Penalty_-Gender-and-Death-Penalty-Glossary.pdf ) [275] => Array ( [objectID] => 22540 [title] => How to Insert Gender issues in Abolitionist Advocacy? [timestamp] => 1690848000 [date] => 01/08/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-insert-gender-issues-in-abolitionist-advocacy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This tool was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) in partnership with the Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR), after noting the limited integration of gender issues into the abolitionist advocacy of the World Coalition's member organizations. This tool has also been edited and enrichened by the World Coalition's Gender Working Group.As part of the "Leave No Woman Behind on Death Row" project, this tool aims to assist World Coalition members and partners in implementing gender-sensitive abolitionist advocacy.In this document, intended to be a practical tool, guidance is provided on how to incorporate gender-specific recommendations into abolitionist advocacy with human rights bodies. This tool focuses recommendations made by civil society organizations (CSOs) to international and regional human rights bodies, intended to encourage national authorities to act in a certain way. Human rights mechanisms and bodies serve as crucial actors in legitimizing and supporting CSOs work on the ground. A recommendation made by a CSO can, in turn, be accepted by a human rights special mechanism and be transformed into an official recommendation to the State. From there, CSOs can continue to use this official recommendation in their national advocacy to strengthen their claim and position, fulfilling a virtuous circle in advocacy work.In this document, the recommendations made are done pending full abolition of the death penalty. They are seen as transitional steps towards full abolition of the death penalty in law and in practice.This tool is divided into two sections. The first part focuses on how to increase visibility of the discrimination faced by women in the judicial process leading to the death penalty. The second part focuses on the discrimination faced by LGBTQIA+ people during the same judicial process. In both sections, definitions are provided as well as background information in order to understand the issues at stake in each of the themes. [texte] => 2How to insert gender issues in abolitionistadvocacy?World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyJune 2023This publication has been produced with generous support from the Government of Canada. The content of thispublication is the sole responsibility of the World Coalition and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of theGovernment of Canada.3Introductory remarksThis tool was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) in partnershipwith the Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR), after noting the limited integration of gender issues into theabolitionist advocacy of the World Coalition's member organizations. This tool has also been edited andenrichened by the World Coalition's Gender Working Group.As part of the "Leave No Woman Behind on Death Row" project, this tool aims to assist World Coalitionmembers and partners in implementing gender-sensitive abolitionist advocacy.The World Coalition believes in the importance of making gender and intersectional discrimination in thejudicial process leading to the death penalty more visible. Although women currently represent less than5% of the world's death row population, analysis of their profiles, backgrounds, and the crimes for whichthey have been sentenced to death reveals significant gender bias in the criminal justice process as it relatesto capital punishment. Women are exposed to intersectional discrimination throughout the judicial processleading to a sentence of death as well as during their imprisonment waiting for execution. Choosing tointegrate gender issues and intersectional discrimination in the abolitionist struggle is a necessary steptowards a complete and inclusive human rights-based approach to capital punishment. This approach alsoprovides an additional lens to highlight the discriminatory, inhumane, and unjust nature of the deathpenalty and call for its universal abolition.In this document, intended to be a practical tool, guidance is provided on how to incorporate gender-specific recommendations into abolitionist advocacy with human rights bodies. This tool focusesrecommendations made by civil society organizations (CSOs) to international and regional human rightsbodies, intended to encourage national authorities to act in a certain way. Human rights mechanisms andbodies serve as crucial actors in legitimizing and supporting CSOs work on the ground. A recommendationmade by a CSO can, in turn, be accepted by a human rights special mechanism and be transformed into anofficial recommendation to the State. From there, CSOs can continue to use this official recommendationin their national advocacy to strengthen their claim and position, fulfilling a virtuous circle in advocacy work.In this document, the recommendations made are done pending full abolition of the death penalty. Theyare seen as transitional steps towards full abolition of the death penalty in law and in practice.This tool is divided into two sections. The first part focuses on how to increase visibility of the discriminationfaced by women in the judicial process leading to the death penalty. The second part focuses on thediscrimination faced by LGBTQIA+ people during the same judicial process. In both sections, definitions areprovided as well as background information in order to understand the issues at stake in each of the themes.The World Coalition would like to thank Nathan Madson, Xavière Prugnard, Doreen N Kyazze and RuthBirgin for their valuable contributions.4IndexI. Key recommendation to insert the issue of women and the death penalty .............................................................. 51. General information on women and the death penalty ................................................................... 5Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... 5General information ................................................................................................................................ 72. Standard recommendations for retentionist or abolitionist in practice countries where womenare on death row ......................................................................................................................................... 9General recommendations: .................................................................................................................... 9Specific recommendations for countries with a high proportion of women sentenced to death fordrug offense: ......................................................................................................................................... 10Recommendations related to the custody of women accused of capital offenses and to theconditions of detention in death row: .................................................................................................. 113. Standard recommendations retentionist or abolitionist in practice countries where there are nowomen on death row actually but there could be.................................................................................... 11General recommendations: .................................................................................................................. 11Recommendations related to prisons conditions: ................................................................................ 11II. Key recommendation to insert the issue of LGBTQIA+ individuals and the death penalty ..................................... 131. General information on LGBTQIA+ individuals and the death penalty ........................................... 13Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 13General information .............................................................................................................................. 152. Standard recommendations on LGBTQIA+ individuals and the death penalty ..................................... 18Recommendations for countries where same-sex sexual activity may result in a sentence of death . 18Recommendations for countries where LGBTQIA+ individuals could be on death row ....................... 18III. Key Resources on women and LGBTQIA+ individuals and the death penalty ................................................ 201. General resources on women and the death penalty ..................................................................... 202. General resources on LGBTQIA+ individuals and the death penalty ............................................... 205I. Key recommendation to insert the issue of women and thedeath penaltyReminder of the key pointers for making visible the specific intersectional discrimination women on deathrow experience:- Always disaggregate data by sex, gender, age, social class, family status, disability, and reason for con-viction when referring to people on death row.- Make visible gender bias in the use of death penalty by providing information about discrimination facedby women at all stages of the criminal justice process: investigation (potential bias by law enforcementand communities), trial (regarding barriers to accessing a fair trial), sentencing (when gender mitigatingfactors are not considered such as a background of gender-based violence), etc.- Insert specific recommendations related to women in any abolitionist advocacy (suggestions can befound in this document).o The recommendations in bold are the priority recommendations to be used in the shortest docu-ments, like the 1 pager.o If the target country has a high rate of death sentences for drug trafficking, insert specific recom-mendations about women and drug trafficking.o Recommendations must be adapted according to the available information of the situation ofwomen on death row in the target country.1. General information on women and the death penaltyDefinitions• Women — Women refers to cisgender women (whose gender identity corresponds with theirgender assigned at birth) and transgender women (whose gender identity is different fromtheir gender assigned at birth)• Sex — Classification of individuals on the basis of biological and physiological sex characteris-tics (such as internal and external genitalia and sex organs). Sex is assigned at birth based oninternal and external anatomical characteristics and recorded on the birth certificate1. In mostcountries, sex is based on a binary vision which excludes intersex people (see definition below).• Gender — Refers to the associated sociocultural attribution of roles, behaviors, activities andidentities associated with men, women, girls, boys, and persons of other genders, as well asthe relations between women, men, and persons of other genders. More generally, genderrefers to characteristics that society assigns to men and women, girls and boys, and personsof other genders. It differs from “sex” (see this definition) as gender refers to characteristicsthat are socially constructed rather than determined by physical attributes, varies accordingto context, and changes over time. The social construction of gender defines what is expectedand valued for men, women, and persons of other genders, in a specific context2.• Gender-based discrimination — Any distinction, exclusion, or restriction with respect to a per-son or group of persons, based on gender, that “has the effect or purpose of impairing, ornullifying the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise”3 of human rights of that person or group of1 ILGA Europe, Glossary, https://www.ilga-europe.org/about-us/who-we-are/glossary/2 United Nations Women, Concepts and Definition, available at: https://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/conceptsandefini-tions.htm3 The definition of gender-based discrimination proposed in this document is based on the definition of discrimination againstwomen proposed by the United Nations General Assembly. See : United Nation [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/World-Coalition-Against-the-Death-Penalty_-How-to-insert-gender-issues-in-abolitionist-advocacy-.pdf ) [276] => Array ( [objectID] => 22340 [title] => Ratification Kit – Zambia [timestamp] => 1689897600 [date] => 21/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-zambia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Zambia_EN.pdf ) [277] => Array ( [objectID] => 22331 [title] => Ratification Kit – Central African Republic [timestamp] => 1689897600 [date] => 21/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-central-african-republic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/CentralAfricanRepublic_EN.pdf ) [278] => Array ( [objectID] => 22276 [title] => Ratification Kit – Ghana [timestamp] => 1689897600 [date] => 21/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-ghana/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Ghana_EN-1.pdf ) [279] => Array ( [objectID] => 22304 [title] => Ratification Kit – Papua New Guinea [timestamp] => 1689897600 [date] => 21/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-papua-new-guinea/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Papua New Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/PapuaNewGuinea_EN.pdf ) [280] => Array ( [objectID] => 22223 [title] => Notes on the Supreme Court Trial in the Chen Fu-hsiang Case: Life or Death Debates in the Style of ChatGPT [timestamp] => 1689292800 [date] => 14/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/notes-on-the-supreme-court-trial-in-the-chen-fu-hsiang-case-life-or-death-debates-in-the-style-of-chatgpt/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/taiwan-suprem-court-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Article first published in april on TAEDP’s website Return of life or death debates Following the previous oral arguments on death penalty cases at the Supreme Court in 2021, another life or death debate took place in April this year. This time, I had the opportunity to attend the oral arguments of the “Chen Fu-hsiang […] [texte] => Article first published in april on TAEDP's websiteReturn of life or death debatesFollowing the previous oral arguments on death penalty cases at the Supreme Court in 2021, another life or death debate took place in April this year. This time, I had the opportunity to attend the oral arguments of the "Chen Fu-hsiang death penalty case" at the Supreme Court. Unlike the usual setup with teams from both the defense and prosecution, there was only one lawyer and one prosecutor present in court this time. (more…) "Notes on the Supreme Court Trial in the Chen Fu-hsiang Case: Life or Death Debates in the Style of ChatGPT" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [281] => Array ( [objectID] => 22195 [title] => Academic University for Non-Violence and Human Rights – AUNOHR [timestamp] => 1689292800 [date] => 14/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/academic-university-for-non-violence-and-human-rights-aunohr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/aunohr-logo-bilingual-500x420.jpg [extrait] => AUNOHR, www.aunohr.edu.lb, the Academic University for Non-Violence and Human Rights, is a non-profit independent institution of higher education, first-of-its-kind in Lebanon and the region and unique worldwide. Founded in 2014 after a pilot project (2009-2011), its main objectives are both: academic professionalism and for social change, starting with the personal development of every student. The […] [texte] => AUNOHR, www.aunohr.edu.lb, the Academic University for Non-Violence and Human Rights, is a non-profit independent institution of higher education, first-of-its-kind in Lebanon and the region and unique worldwide.Founded in 2014 after a pilot project (2009-2011), its main objectives are both: academic professionalism and for social change, starting with the personal development of every student.The faculty members are from around the world, and its international advisory council formed by Nobel Peace laureates and philosophers.The legacy of AUNOHR is based on the pioneering experience of its founders, Ogarit Younan and Walid Slaybi, over the past four decades.AUNOHR offers Master’s and University Diploma Degree (BA and PhD: soon), in nine following Majors with more than %50 of the curriculum innovation: Education, Training, Mediation, Theater, Citizenship, Communication, Human Rights, Civil Strategies, and Culture of Non-Violence.In addition, a specialized Center for Active and Academic Training provides professional and grassroots’ programs with university certificates.The official language used at AUNOHR is Arabic, in addition to courses in English and French.Many agreements were signed with other universities, the last one with Bordeaux-Montaigne university “The Chair UNESCO for Non-Violence and Social Work”.Some of its initiatives nurturing and institutionalizing this culture at the heart of the society: “The National Day for Non-Violence in Lebanon” on October 2nd (decree by the government in 2016). The universal statute of Non-Violence “Knotted gun” in Beirut, in 2018. The integration of the culture of Non-Violence in the national curriculum for all schools in Lebanon, after signing an agreement with the ministry of education and CERD in 2018...The best message on AUNOHR about its impacts could only be that of students. Testimonials (short videos).Awards: The 2019 Fondation Chirac Prize to the university. The Gandhi International Award 2022 to the founders.AUNOHR founders were associated with the abolition of the death penalty in Lebanon since 1997. They are the founders of the first national Campaign (coalition) in the history of this country for the abolition of the death penalty. They created in AUNOHR an academic course and modules on this subject as a new kind of university teaching. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [282] => Array ( [objectID] => 22025 [title] => TESTIMONIES- 21 st World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1688947200 [date] => 10/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/testimonies-21-st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document has been compiled by the Secretariat of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with substantial aid from member organizations, including Abdorrahman Boroumand Center, Amnesty International, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Free Mumia ! French Support Group (Collectif français “Libérons Mumia !”), German Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Justice Project Pakistan, […] [texte] => This document has been compiled by the Secretariat of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with substantial aid from member organizations, including Abdorrahman Boroumand Center, Amnesty International, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Free Mumia ! French Support Group (Collectif français "Libérons Mumia !"), German Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Justice Project Pakistan, Parliamentarians for Global Action, Reprieve, Sant'Egidio, Taiwan Alliance Against the Death Penalty and Witness to Innocence. Every effort has been made to preserve the testimonies in the original form in which they were received, with edits being made either for clarity, security or for length. If a testimony has been edited, it will be stated. We thank all those who agreed to share their testimonies and their stories.121st World Day Against the Death PenaltyTESTIMONIESTorture and the Death PenaltyThis document has been compiled by the Secretariat of the World Coalition Against theDeath Penalty with substantial aid from member organizations, including AbdorrahmanBoroumand Center, Amnesty International, Cornell Center on the Death PenaltyWorldwide, Free Mumia ! French Support Group (Collectif français "Libérons Mumia!"), German Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Justice Project Pakistan,Parliamentarians for Global Action, Reprieve, Sant'Egidio, Taiwan Alliance Against theDeath Penalty and Witness to Innocence.Every effort has been made to preserve the testimonies in the original form in whichthey were received, with edits being made either for clarity, security or for length. If atestimony has been edited, it will be stated.We thank all those who agreed to share their testimonies and their stories.2Table of contentsIndonesia...............................................................................................4Merri Utami 4Iran........................................................................................................4Bahram Ahmadi 4Hashem Sha'baninejad 4Navid Afkari 5Behnud Shojaei 5Behruz Alkhani’s Brother 5Reyhaneh Jabbari Malayeri 6Anonymous – Wife 6Serveh Mahmudzadeh 7Anonymous – Sister 7Homa Shahsavaripour 8Anonymous – Sister 8Owdeh Afravi 9Shirin Alamhouli 9Zeinab Sekaanvand 10Malawi.................................................................................................10Gerald Banda 10Malaysia ..............................................................................................11Angelia Selvam 11Pakistan...............................................................................................12Kanizan Bibi’s Father 12Taiwan.................................................................................................12Death Row Inmate A 12Death Row Inmate B 13Death Row Inmate C 13Tanzania ..............................................................................................13Habiyalimana Augustino 14Miburo Abdulkarim 14Nzigiyimana Zabron 15United States of America.....................................................................153Gabi Uhl 15Sunny Jacobs 16Mumia Abu-Jamal 17Joaquin Martinez 18Shujaa Graham 19Kirk Bloodsworth 19Debra Milke 20Melissa Lucio 20Randal Padgett 21Ralph “Ron“ Wright Jr. 22Christa Pike 22Zimbabwe............................................................................................23Army Zulu 234IndonesiaMerri Utami“Twenty years ago (this October), I was sentenced to death for a drug offense. I have spent 20years in prison for an act I did not understand at the time. During this long imprisonment, Ihave suffered a lot. I still remember how the media covered my case when I was arrested anddubbed me the ‘Queen of Heroin.’ I had no chance to tell the truth. I still remember that duringthe police investigation stage, I said repeatedly that the drugs were not mine, but no one wasthere to help me, and no one believed me. They tortured me, but even then, I would notconfess.”Testimony collected by the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide.IranBahram AhmadiDuring his detention period, Mr. Ahmadi was frequently tortured. Hetold his cellmates that his interrogators used electric shocks, lashing,food deprivation, and threats against his family in order to get him toconfess to having links to extremist groups whose goal was tooverthrow the regime. Interrogators also insulted and demeaned Mr.Ahmadi as a Sunni and attacked his religious beliefs.Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-7321/bahram-ahmadiHashem Sha'baninejad“After spending five months in the Ministry of Information’s secret solitaryconfinement, I succumbed to their wishes and did everything they askedme to, uttering the words that were dictated to me. Two months after thefalse confession, I was transferred to Karun Prison…At the first trial, whichwas conducted on May 21, 2012, I told the truth to the judge…I emphasizedto the judge that I had implicated others at the behest of the security forcesand that I had been coerced to do so under mental and psychologicalduress and under [physical] torture.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center: 5https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/71725/hashem-shabaninejad-amuriNavid Afkari“They would pull a plastic bag over my head and drive me to the brinkof asphyxiation and death. They would severely beat me on my arms,legs and stomach with clubs and other hard objects and wouldrepeatedly insult me using the vilest language. They would tie me upand pour alcohol down my nose.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center in 2021:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-8506/navid-farshidafkari-sangariBehnud ShojaeiAn alleged juvenile offender, he was informed of his own imminent execution five times beforebeing put to death in 2009. On three of these occasions, he went to the gallows, where hewitnessed 14 hangings.“I have spent four and a half years of my life in jail among a bunch ofcriminals since I was 17. I swear to God, the punishment I have suffered isenough to last a lifetime. I pray to God that even [my] worst enemy doesn’tend up in a place like this.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-7591/behnud-shojaiBehruz Alkhani’s Brother“He had been tortured during detention. They had drilled a hole into hisankle and broken his fingers. They gave my brother electric shocks andbeat him up with a cable on numerous occasions.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-8093/behruz-alkhani6Kamal Molaii“They tortured me and said, ‘We’re going to kill you, we’re going topersecute your family; you must accept everything we tell you and say it infront of the camera, say that you did it; you must sign every letter we bringyou.’ Fearing for my family and to stop them from increasing the torture, Iagreed.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-7624/kamal-molaiiReyhaneh Jabbari Malayeri"The chubby man [in interrogations] pulled my head back, and thebeardless man slapped my ears a few times: left, right, left, right. Iexperienced the first real thrashing of my life...I felt something in myback. I felt the swelling of my skin, and then...rip....my skin ruptured. Ihad a vision of my little sisters being made helpless like me...They boundyour hands and feet. Then they hung you from a rod, like a piece ofclothing, and kicked you in your stomach with their knees ...."Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-7338/reyhaneh-jabbari-malayeriAnonymous – WifeHer husband was put to death on drug charges in May 2016”My daughter’s behavior changed when my husband died. She became abrasive and angry. IfI raise my voice a little, she immediately raises hers and says, “I wish my father was here withme”. A few nights ago, she was in her room studying and didn’t answer, no matter how manytimes I called her. I went to her room and saw that she was hugging her father’s picture andlying down under her blanket.Sometimes she says she misses her father: “Why didBaba leave? Why are you and I alone?” And sometimesshe asks: “Do you love me, Mommy?” and I say that Ido, and she says: “Don’t love me, and I won’t love youbecause God quickly takes those that you love away. Iwon’t have anybody if God takes you from me. My Babais gone; who do I stay with if you leave me too?” Othertimes she asks: “Mommy, am I a good girl? Are you happy with me?” to which I say yes, andMy daughter’s behavior changedwhen my husband died. Shebecame abrasive and angry. If Iraise my voice a little, sheimmediately raises hers.7then she says: “So I will go be with Baba. Isn’t that what you say, that God takes good peopleaway? Well, I want to go be with Baba as soon as possible.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center:https://www.iranrights.org/library/document/3264Serveh MahmudzadehShe is the wife of Habib Afshari, an ethnic Kurd executed on security-related charges in 2015.”I didn’t know how to break it to her [that her father had been executed]. I thought it best tohold off until she was older, thinking that she might realize it herself when she noticed that herfather was not calling and we weren’t going for visitations anymore...But one of her classmatesat school, whose mother knew me and used to come to the hair salon where I worked, had toldthe other children…and that was how she learned she no longer had a father.She was depressed for about three months. I would tellher to study and do her homework when she camehome, and she would cry; I would tell her to get herbook out of her bag, and she would cry. In short, shewould cry for any reason and for no reason at all. Shewould get on the kitchen counter and say, “I’m going tojump off of here and kill myself. Why didn’t you tell methey killed my father? 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/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/affiche-world-day-21-de.pdf ) [291] => Array ( [objectID] => 21888 [title] => World Coalition held first General Assembly in East Africa [timestamp] => 1688688000 [date] => 07/07/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-first-general-assembly-in-east-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/general-assembly-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty co-organized with ICJ-Kenya its first General Assembly in Nairobi, Kenya on 23-24 June 2023. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty co-organized with ICJ-Kenya its first General Assembly in Nairobi, Kenya on 23-24 June 2023. (more…) "World Coalition held first General Assembly in East Africa" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [292] => Array ( [objectID] => 21870 [title] => Abolition Death Penalty of Iraq Organization [timestamp] => 1688083200 [date] => 30/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/abolition-death-penalty-of-iraq-organization/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/logo-Abolition-Death-Penalty-of-Iraq-500x375.jpg [extrait] => According to the Abolition Death Penalty of Iraq Organization, capital punishment is the state’s terminology for murder. Individuals murder each other, but states sentence individuals to ‘capital punishment.’ The demand to end capital punishment and prohibit murder stems from opposition to intentional, deliberate and planned murder of one by the other. That a state or […] [texte] => According to the Abolition Death Penalty of Iraq Organization, capital punishment is the state's terminology for murder. Individuals murder each other, but states sentence individuals to 'capital punishment.' The demand to end capital punishment and prohibit murder stems from opposition to intentional, deliberate and planned murder of one by the other. That a state or ruling political force is responsible does not make the slightest difference to the fact that we are dealing with intentional murder. Capital punishment is the most deplorable and form of intentional murder since a political authority, publicly, with prior notice, on behalf of society, with the utmost legitimacy and ruthlessness, decides to murder someone, and announces the date and time of the event. Indeed, the organization is working to abolish the death penalty in Iraq, eridicate torture of prisoners and defends the rights of prisoners according to the international standards. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [293] => Array ( [objectID] => 21852 [title] => DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1688083200 [date] => 30/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ditshwanelo-the-botswana-centre-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Ditshwanelo-logo.png [extrait] => DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights was established in 1993 and since then has remained the only organisation in Botswana dealing with varied aspects of human rights. We work to advocate for changes in laws, policies and practices, and to raise public awareness of rights and responsibilities. We also provide paralegal services to […] [texte] => DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights was established in 1993 and since then has remained the only organisation in Botswana dealing with varied aspects of human rights. We work to advocate for changes in laws, policies and practices, and to raise public awareness of rights and responsibilities. We also provide paralegal services to those earning less than the minimum wage. (more…) "DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights" [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Botswana ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [294] => Array ( [objectID] => 21816 [title] => World Drugs Day: UNODC must act to stop the use of death penalty for drug-related offences and urge states to end executions [timestamp] => 1687824000 [date] => 27/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-drugs-day-statement/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/statement-june-23-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 26 June, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is marking World Drugs Day with the theme “People first: stop stigma and discrimination, strengthen prevention”, and launched another edition of the World Drug Report. Sadly, as has been the case over the years, UNODC has failed to raise concerns over the continued use […] [texte] => On 26 June, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is marking World Drugs Day with the theme “People first: stop stigma and discrimination, strengthen prevention”, and launched another edition of the World Drug Report. Sadly, as has been the case over the years, UNODC has failed to raise concerns over the continued use of the death penalty for drug-related offences despite a sharp increase last year in known executions for these offences. (more…) "World Drugs Day: UNODC must act to stop the use of death penalty for drug-related offences and urge states to end executions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [295] => Array ( [objectID] => 21790 [title] => International Day in Support of Victims of Torture: Understanding the link between the Death Penalty and Torture [timestamp] => 1687737600 [date] => 26/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/international-day-in-support-of-victims-of-torture-understanding-the-link-between-the-death-penalty-and-torture/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/world-day-against-torture-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Today, 26th June 2023, the world is commemorating the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture (International Day). Started in 1987, this International Day began when the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UN Convention Against Torture) came into force; a crucial legal text to combat […] [texte] => Today, 26th June 2023, the world is commemorating the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture (International Day). Started in 1987, this International Day began when the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UN Convention Against Torture) came into force; a crucial legal text to combat torture. Dedicated to people who have been victims of and to those who endure torture today, this International Day promotes awareness and actions to eradicate torture. (more…) "International Day in Support of Victims of Torture: Understanding the link between the Death Penalty and Torture" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [296] => Array ( [objectID] => 21883 [title] => Children, Youth and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1687478400 [date] => 23/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/children-youth-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ICDP announces the launch of its latest report: Children, Youth and the Death Penalty. The issue of how the death penalty affects children and youth is often ignored by policy makers. This report aims to change that by putting the protection of children's rights at the center of the debate on the death penalty.The report builds on the panel discussion titled “Youth and the Death Penalty,” which was organized by the International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP) and the Government of Australia. The discussion was held on 29 June 2022, at the sidelines of the 50th session of the UN Human Rights Council, in Geneva. [texte] => CHILDREN, YOUTH AND THE DEATH PENALTY7IntroductionThe issue of how the death penalty affects children and youth is often ignored by policy makers.This report aims to change that by putting the protection of children´s rights at the center of thedebate on the death penalty.The report builds on the panel discussion titled “Youth and the Death Penalty” which was orga-nized by the International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP) and the Government ofAustralia. The discussion was held on 29 June 2022, at the sidelines of the 50th session of theUN Human Rights Council, in Geneva. 1The report uses the terms ‘children’ and ‘youth’ in line with international human rights standardsand United Nations definitions. It provides an overview of the context of the death penalty andthe current state of capital punishment, with a special focus on how the death penalty affectschildren.While most states today do not execute children, there are some that detain them on chargesthat carry the death penalty and also sentence them to death. These children face cruel, inhu-man treatment, including imprisonment during trial and during the appeals process.Importantly, the report addresses the less-discussed issue of how the death penalty impactschildren whose parents or other close family members are charged with death penalty-applica-ble offences, are sentenced to death, or have been executed. These children face social stigma,discrimination, and physical and psychological consequences, as the children of people who havecommitted serious crimes.The report discusses international standards relating to children and the death penalty, in partic-ular the provisions for the abolition of capital punishment for those below the age of 18. Cruciallythe report highlights the issue of determining the age of children, as this is central to abolishingthe death penalty for children.1 The side-event consisted of a panel discussion with presentations of the international human rights legal framework providing for theabolition of the death penalty for children (people below the age of 18), analysis of its widespread acceptance by a large majority ofcountries, its continued use despite this, and relevant data from countries that retain the death penalty for those children. The speakersin the panel included:- Marta Santos Pais, ICDP Commissioner and former Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on Violen-ce against Children- Simon Walker, Chief of Rule of Law and Democracy Section, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)- Kirsten di Martini, Senior Child Protection Adviser, UNICEF (online)- Laurel Townhead, Representative (Human Rights and Refugees), Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO)- Sabrina Butler-Smith · Survivor who was wrongfully sentenced to death as a juvenile offender (video testimony).The panel was moderated by Ambassador Amanda Gorely, the Permanent Representative of Australia to the United Nations Office inGeneva.CHILDREN, YOUTH AND THE DEATH PENALTYThe report examines the efforts of organizations such as UNICEF, the UN Office of the High Com-missioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the Quakers United Nations Office (QUNO) and ICDPCommissioner Marta Santos Pais, the former UN Secretary General´s Special Representative onViolence against Children, who presented at the 29 June 2022 event. These interventions drewmuch-needed attention to the death penalty and its impact on children and youth, and provideda way forward for future work to ensure that no child is sentenced to death and or executed.At the end of the report the presentations of the speakers at the side event are included, whichalso features the testimony of Sabrina Butler Smith, a juvenile death penalty exoneree. She isnow a powerful voice against capital punishment in the USA, having suffered grievous humanrights violations through the process of being tried and sentenced to death as an adult when shewas seventeen.There are three main reasons why the death penalty on children should be addressed as a prior-ity in the debate on abolition:• The international community has for long pledged to ban capital punishment for peopleunder the age of 18 years. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) which wasadopted more than 30 years ago, and is in force in 196 countries, states that “neither cap-ital punishment nor life imprisonment without possibility of release shall be imposed foroffences committed by persons below eighteen years of age” (Article 37.) However, somecountries, including the People´s Republic of China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, theIslamic Republic of Pakistan, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of South Sudan,Republic of the Sudan, and the Republic of Yemen have continued to execute of childrendespite being party to the CRC. 2• There are positive developments and good practices around the world, which can provideboth inspiration and information for the abolition of the death penalty on children and youngpeople. It is important to document, share and disseminate these good practices to influ-ence positive change.• Despite progress, children are still at risk and urgently need protection. Some countriesthat retain the death penalty continue to impose it on children. In 2021, at least 87 childrenwere under a sentence of death and at least four children were executed for crimes alleged-ly committed before they reached the age of 18.3• A lack of transparency around the death penalty in general, especially with regards tochildren, makes it difficult to obtain reliable or accurate data. There is imprecise data on theexact number of children sentenced to death, on death row or executed. Additionally, it isdifficult to confirm the age of the children at the time of the offence, the trial, and sentenc-ing, and to ascertain if they enjoyed the legal safeguards they are entitled to, including theopportunity to seek pardon or the commutation of their sentences.42 Amnesty International, “Executions of juveniles since 1990 as of November 2019”,https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/0233/2019/en/3 Amnesty International, “Death Sentences and Executions 2021”,https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/5418/2022/en/4 Presentation by ICDP Commissioner Marta Santos Pais at the side event organized by Australia and ICDP in Geneva on 29 June 2022titled “Youth and the Death Penalty,” at the sidelines of the 50th UN Human Rights Council session.9CHILDREN, YOUTH AND THE DEATH PENALTYIt is essential to recognize that the death penalty does not affect only those children who aresentenced to death or executed. The rights and development of children whose parents or rela-tives face the death penalty or have been executed are often negatively affected. This is over-looked by the abolitionist debate and needs to be addressed.5The difference between “children” and “youth”The CRC defines “children” as every human being below the age of 18years.6Preparing for the International Youth Year, in 1985, and endorsed by theGeneral Assembly, the United Nations defined “youth” as people be-tween the ages of 15 and 24. The United Nations while admitting that“(t)here is no universally agreed international definition of the youth agegroup…” decided to establish these categories because the sociological,psychological and health problems children and youth face may differ. 7It must be noted that “(a)ll UN statistics on youth are based on this defi-nition, as is reflected in the annual yearbooks of statistics published bythe UN system on demography, education, employment and health.”8For this report, we will follow the CRC’s definition of a child as anyoneunder the age 18 and the UN’s definitions of youth as those between theage of 15 and 24 years.5 Marta Santos Pais, “Children of parents sentenced to death or executed”, https://quno.org/sites/default/files/resources/Children%20of%20Parents%20Sentenced%20to%20Death%20or%20Executed_DGPandNS.pdf6 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “What does the UN mean by “youth” and how does this definition differ fromthat given to children”, https://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/what-we-do/faq.html7 Ibid.8 Both quotes from United Nations, “Peace, Dignity and Equality on a Healthy Planet: Who are the Youth?”,https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/youth#:~:text=Who%20Are%20the%20Youth%3F,of%2015%20and%2024%20years10CHILDREN, YOUTH AND THE DEATH PENALTYThe expansion of the child protection system to youth9The distinction between `children´ and `youth´ is recognized by the Unit-ed Nations, but there is an ongoing debate on whether the child protec-tion system should be extended to include young people.In August 2022, the American Psychological Association (APA) publisheda resolution on whether the so-called ´late adolescents´ (those betweenthe ages of 18 and 20 years) should be eligible for the death penalty. Itcalled on courts and state and federal legislative bodies in the UnitedStates to prohibit the application of death penalty to anyone under 21years of age.The APA cited the landmark US Supreme Court decision Roper v. Sim-mons, which ruled it unconstitutional to impose capital punishment forcrimes committed while under the age of 18. The court held that juvenileoffenders were considered to be “categorically less culpable than theaverage criminal”The APA provided the following reasons for its conclusions:• Based on the current state of science, brains of 18 to 20-year-oldscannot be said to be substantially different from those of 17-year-olds.• The same characteristics of youth and immaturity that justify notimposing the death penalty on 16 and 17-year-olds are present in 18- to20-year-olds.• The 18 to 20-year-olds are still undergoing significant brain develop-ment, given that brain development does not end at the age of 17 years.• Research on both the structure and function of brain developmentshows that brain maturation, especially in some key systems, is continu-ous until at least th [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://icomdp.org/icdp-launches-report-on-children-youth-and-the-death-penalty/ ) [297] => Array ( [objectID] => 21884 [title] => Doomed to Repeat: The Legacy of Race in Tennessee’s Contemporary Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1686873600 [date] => 16/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/doomed-to-repeat-the-legacy-of-race-in-tennessees-contemporary-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report explores the current issues with capital punishment in Tennessee through a historical lens, tracing the origins of the use of the death penalty from lynchings and other forms of racial violence directed at Black Tennesseans. The stories of individuals and communities that have interacted with different facets of Tennessee’s justice system throughout history suggest that, in many ways, even though centuries have passed, the experiences of discrimination toward Tennessee’s communities of color continue. A meaningful understanding of the state’s history and its legacy of violence and racism is essential to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past. [texte] => DEATH PENALTY INFORMATION CENTERD O O M E D T O R E P E A T :The Legacy of Race in Tennessee’sContemporary Death PenaltyIntroduction ............................................................................................................................1Race and the Death Penalty Throughout Tennessee’s History ......................................... 4Capital Punishment in the Antebellum Period ....................................................................4Lynchings in Tennessee ........................................................................................................7The Lynching at the Curve ........................................................................................................................ 10Similarities Between Lynchings and Executions in Tennessee ........................................ 16Ed Johnson .................................................................................................................................................18Anti-lynching Efforts .......................................................................................................... 20Mass Racial Violence ..........................................................................................................23Other Ways of Terrorizing and Exerting Social Control ................................................... 25Civil Rights Movement ....................................................................................................... 28Voting Rights History ........................................................................................................ 30Tent City in Fayette and Haywood Counties ............................................................................................ 32Continuing Influence of Racism in the Administration of the Death Penalty ............... 35Outlier Counties .................................................................................................................37Racial Biases Affect All Aspects of the Death Penalty ......................................................37Prosecutorial Decision Making.......................................................................................... 39Prosecutorial Misconduct .................................................................................................. 41The Role of Police ............................................................................................................... 43Ineffective Defense Counsel .............................................................................................. 45Abu-Ali Abdur’Rahman .............................................................................................................................48Jury Discrimination ............................................................................................................ 50Brain Injury, Intellectual Disability, and Serious Mental Illness ....................................... 51Pervis Payne .............................................................................................................................................. 54Costs of Mass Incarceration ...............................................................................................55Racial Bias in Shelby County’s Juvenile Justice System .................................................57Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 59Whenever the people of thiscity and county believe thatcapital punishment is necessaryto expiate a crime, they holdtheir own court, selectinga jury to their liking, and if thedecision of 'Guilty' is had,they finish up their work atthe old courthouse elm.”—The Evening Scimitar, 19011901Could I put an amendment onthat [bill regarding methods ofexecution] that would includehanging by a tree?1IntroductionThe historical use of capital punishment in Tennessee shows a clear connectionbetween the extrajudicial lynchings of the 1800s and 1900s and the statesanctioned death penalty practices of today.As one lynching expert notes, “[l]ocal traditions,situations, and personalities must be consideredin any attempt to explain patterns of lynching....”1This emphasis on locality parallels modern deathpenalty trends in Tennessee—as well as the rest ofthe nation—wherein death sentencing is heavilydependent on local culture, prosecutors, andperceptions. An important legacy from the lynchingera and early executions is the importance of racein determining how police, court systems, and thegeneral public respond to crimes.Given the intertwined nature of race, history, and23the death penalty, lawmakers and Tennesseans whoare considering the future of capital punishmentin their state may find it useful to reflect on howTennessee arrived at its current capital punishmentsystem. State House Representative Paul Sherrell’ssuggestion to allow executions by hanging people ontrees earlier this year shows the continued relevanceof history.At the time of publishing this report, Tennesseeis not actively executing people because a reviewof the Department of Correction’s lethal injectionprotocols revealed mistakes at every step in thelethal injection process. New protocols are expectedto be released soon, allowing executions to resume.Best practices for execution protocols may change,but the state cannot change the history of capitalpunishment and how the legacies of racial injusticeinfluence its modern capital punishment scheme.This report explores the current issues with capitalpunishment in Tennessee through a historical lens,tracing the origins of the use of the death penaltyfrom lynchings and other forms of racial violencedirected at Black Tennesseans. The stories ofindividuals and communities that have interactedwith different facets of Tennessee’s justice systemthroughout history suggest that, in many ways,even though centuries have passed, the experiencesof discrimination toward Tennessee’s communitiesof color continue. A meaningful understanding ofthe state’s history and its legacy of violence andracism is essential to avoid repeating the mistakes ofthe past.This report explores the current issues with capitalpunishment in Tennessee through a historical lens,tracing the origins of the use of the death penaltyfrom lynchings and other forms of racial violencedirected at Black Tennesseans.4Race and the Death PenaltyThroughout Tennessee’s HistoryCapital Punishment in the Antebellum PeriodHistorically, race has been an important factor in the use of capital punishmentin Tennessee. The Tennessee Slave Code of 1858—which compiled all statelaws relevant to slavery that were passed or revised following the state’s creation in1796—outlined thirteen offenses for which Black people, both enslaved and free,could receive a death sentence. Eleven of these offenses carried a mandatory deathsentence, and two provided a discretionary death sentence. By contrast, there wereonly two offenses that mandated the death penalty for white citizens.2"The Sabbath among slaves" [graphic] / Strong,Thomas W. sc., Library Company of Philadelphia.5The two offenses that would result in a deathsentence for both Black and white Tennesseanswere murder in the first degree and accessory beforethe fact to murder in the first degree. From the firstrecorded execution in 1782 to the start of the CivilWar in April 1861, at least 69 people were executedin Tennessee. Forty-eight of those executed hadbeen convicted of a crime involving murder andmost (31 of 48) were Black. The only 19th centuryexecutions of white people for crimes other thanmurder were aiding a runaway slave, Civil Warespionage, and Civil War guerilla activity.3In addition to making certain crimes only capital forBlack offenders, Tennessee’s Slave Code explicitlyvalued white victims over Black victims. Rape of awhite female, assault with violence with intent torape a white female, and intercourse or attemptedintercourse with a white female under 12 were alloffenses that mandated a death sentence if thedefendant was Black, regardless of whether theywere free or enslaved.4 These provisions reflected thedominant (and false) white narrative that Black menwere sexual predators who targeted white women.While Black men would receive mandatory deathsentences for an array of sex crimes if perpetratedagainst white women, there were no similar lawsoutlawing the rape of Black women by men of anyrace. Tennessee is not an outlier in this respect:nationally, researchers have yet to find a case inwhich a white man was executed for the rape ofa Black woman.5 In 1841, the Tennessee SupremeCourt overturned the conviction and death sentenceof an enslaved Black man because the court recorddid not establish whether the rape victim was white.The court noted, “Such an act, committed on ablack woman, would not be punished with death. Itfollows, therefore, most clearly, that this fact, whichgives to the offence its enormity, and on account ofwhich, the punishment of death is inflicted, must becharged in the indictment, and proved on the trial.”6In explicitly “protecting” white women’s bodies, thestate allowed white men to assault Black womenwith impunity.Chapter 4 of the Slave Code outlined very limitedlegal protections for enslaved people but in practice,enslaved people who were victims of crimes at thehands of white people rarely received any justice.For example, killing an enslaved person was illegaland could result in the death penalty if the accusedwere found guilty. There were carveouts, however,that justified the killing if they (1) were a ringleaderin a slave revolt plot and resisted arrest, (2) actedin resistance to their master, or (3) died whilereceiving a “moderate correction.”7 Additionally,Tennessee state courts did not allow enslaved or freeBlack people to testify against white people until1866.8 As such, the laws meant to protect enslavedpeople were largely ineffective: [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-special-reports/how-racial-history-informs-tennessees-death-penalty?x-craft-preview=siZ6E67M2o&token=DH7RlbTvCOSDLFePO4TZ_TB2kZ05O7hn ) [298] => Array ( [objectID] => 21749 [title] => Leaflet – World Day 2023 [timestamp] => 1686528000 [date] => 12/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-world-day-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Leaflet for the 21th World Day against the death penalty (2023), on torture and the death penalty. [texte] => DEATH PENALTY: AN IRREVERSIBLE TORTURE10 OCTOBER 202321ST WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.org On 10th October 2023, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionist actors worldwide will celebrate the 21stWorld Day Against the Death Penalty. TO FIND OUT MOREFind out everything about World Day Against the Death Penalty at :https://worldcoalition.org/ campagne/21st-world-day- against-the-death-penalty/→ The 2023 World Day poster→The Mobilization Kit →The testimoniescollection→Detailed factsheets on the death penalty around the world→The 2022 World Day Report This year, World Day is continuing the momentum it started in 2022 on understanding the link between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP).Today, 1441 States are abolitionists in law or in practice, which represents more than two-thirds of the world’s countries. According to Amnesty International’s report on the death penalty in 2022, at least 28,282 people around the globe were known to be under a sentence of death. Among those sentenced to death worldwide, women account for less than 5%.2 This conservative estimate also represents the number of people who have experienced torturous conditions and CIDTP due to their sentence.From sentencing to execution, the death penalty inevitably causes physical harm and psychological suffering that can be likened to torture or ill-treatment.→ At the time of sentencing, it is considered as torture where the guarantees of a fair trial are not respected (in cases where the death sentence is the result of a confession obtained under torture) or if it is applied to vulnerable groups protected by international law such as minors, pregnant women or persons with severe psychosocial or intellectual disabilities.→ While awaiting execution, prisoners on death row face psychological torture or the "death row phenomenon" due to the long and agonizing wait, isolation, drastically reduced human contact and even the undignified physical conditions of detention.→ The execution methods - gas asphyxiation and induced hypoxia, stoning, hanging, firing squad, lethal injection, decapitation, all still used - have already been condemned by international and regional jurisprudence as torture and CIDTP.The death penalty itself should be considered a form of torture in all circumstances.The idea that the death penalty is inherently incompatible with the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is shared by a large part of the international community, civil society and the academic world- and it is gaining more traction in national and regional courts.—2—— WORLD COALITION AGAINST DEATH PENALTY — DEATH PENALTY, TORTURE AND CIDTP SINCE WORLD DAY 2022 October 2022WHAT’S NEW? UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Alice Edwards, and the Special Rapporteur on Extra-judicial summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball Binz published a joint declaration addressing the relationship between the death penalty and the absolute prohibitionof torture. Chairperson of the Human Rights Commission in Pakistan published a statement demonstrating that the application of capital punishment amounts to torture.November 20221 Amnesty International, Death Sentenced and Executions 2022 https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/2 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for More than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/judged-more- than-her-crime/ The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights passed Resolution N.544 in which it urged, among other things, "States Parties to the African Charter that still retain the death penalty to fully implement the right to life, the right to human dignity and the prohibition of torture.” December 2022 the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights issued judgments regarding the death sentences of Marthine Christian Msuguri and Ghati Mwita in Tanzania. The Court reiterated that the imposition of the death penalty violates Article 5 of the African Charter, on the right to human dignity. The Court found that the psychological impact of a death sentence constitutes inhuman and degrading treatment THE DEATH PENALTY IN NUMBERS1 China2 Iran3 Saudi Arabia4 Egypt5 USAare the 5 States that executed the most in the world in 2022.23States are abolitionists in practice.112States have abolished the death penalty for all crimes.55States are retentionists .9States have abolished the death penalty for common law crimes.Statistics from Amnesty International Our deep thanks to the individuals who provided testimonies and to the organizations which sent them. For additional, full testimonies, please read 'Testimonies: Where Torture and the Death Penalty Intersect' on the World Coalition website.PAKISTANKanizan Bibi was sentenced to death in 1991. Her sentence was overturned by the Supreme Court in February 2021.“Kanizan Bibi was convicted and sentenced to death in 1991 for killing her pregnant employer and her young children. But Kanizan maintains her innocence. [..] After she was arrested, Kanizan spent 11 grueling days in police custody. Villagers reported hearing cries and screams while she was being questioned at the police station. She was suspended from a fan by a rope and beaten. Police let mice loose in her pants. She was repeatedly electrocuted. She was hospitalized for her injuries, only to be discharged to prison. Kanizan was unable to hire private counsel to defend her against the murder charges. The central piece of evidence against Kanizan was her confession. Her statement was challenged in court as the product of torture but to no avail.”Testimonial gathered by Justice Project Pakistan and shared in ‘Judged for more than her crime’ by Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide.Illustration provided by Justice Project Pakistan from the New Media Advocacy Project video. Hashem Sha’Baninejad (Amuri), was arrested in Iran in 2012 and executed in January 2014.IRAN“After spending five months in the Ministry of Information’s secret solitary confinement, I succumbed to their wishes and did everything they asked me to, uttering the words that were dictated to me. Two months after the false confession, I was transferred to Karun Prison...At the first trial, which was conducted on May 21, 2012, I told the truth to the judge...I emphasized to the judge that I had implicated others at the behest of the security forces and that I had been coerced to do so under mental and psychological duress and under [physical] torture.”Testimonial gathered and shared by Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation for the Promotion of Human Rights and Democracy in Iran.—4—— WORLD COALITION AGAINST DEATH PENALTY — USA FloridaSunny Jacobs, was sentenced to death in the State of Florida in 1976. She was found innocent and freed in 1992.Testimonial provided by the Sunny Center, gathered by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.“I was held in solitary confinement, in complete isolation. [...] At first, I lived in fear of [the prison guards], coming into my cell to kill me. No one would have known because there was no one there. Every time you hear footsteps coming down the hallway and it’s not meal time, you wonder if they are coming to serve you your death warrant instead. I wrote my thoughts and my feelings, on little scraps of paper, so I would have something to leave behind for my children in case they did take my life. You are not allowed to work, and medical and dental care are minimal because, after all, you are going to die anyway. They take away all sense of meaning and all hope.” USA PennsylvaniaMumia Abu-Jamal, lived on death row in the State of Pennsylvania for 19 years. His death sentence was overturned in 2001, but he has remained in prison.“Why is such torture [for those sentencedto death] possible? Because the state,by creating such extreme conditions, sought to turn people into a kind of living dead, so broken that actual death would be but a relief.”Testimonial gathered by Free Mumia! French Support Group.TANZANIAMiburo Abdulkarim is a Burundian refugee who was sentenced to death in Tanzania in 2007. His sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 2020, and he has spent 24 years in prison. He has maintained his innocence before and after his conviction.“One day, I was dropping off a customer [with his bike-share and rides job] when I was rounded up by the police. At the police station, I was kept apart from other people and was deprived of sleep for two days. Police officers beat me repeatedly and told me that the beatings would not stop unless I confessed to a crime I did not commit. They used sticks, a wooden club and the butt of a gun. I was desperate for the beatings to stop, so I gave in to their demands. At trial, I asked to withdraw my confession and said that I was beaten and threatened. However, I had no familiarity with the court system in Tanzania, nor did I know the language. I was sentenced to death and have spent over 24 years in prison without hope of finding my family again.”Testimonial gathered and shared by Reprieve.—5—— WORLD COALITION AGAINST DEATH PENALTY — Anonymous, is currently on death row in Taiwan.TAIWAN"Our system isn’t gonna let us [death row inmates] prove our worth. Even if they want me to go to war or guard nuclear waste, I can do it. We don't wanna be a useless person; you know what I mean? [...] We can't just live day by day and have our food and sleep like a dog in the prison till death. If they gave me a chance to read books for ten years, I might be a doctor by now. [M]aybe then I would have value and can take some responsibilities. [...] But the government puts us in prison and tortures us for a long time, and we contribute nothing. We made mistakes, but they should give us a chance to [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023_BROCHURE_EN_8p_V2_BD.pdf ) [299] => Array ( [objectID] => 21729 [title] => Mobilization Kit World Day 2023 [timestamp] => 1686528000 [date] => 12/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-world-day-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the 21th year in a row, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is calling for local initiatives and world-wide actions that shine a spotlight on the abolition of the death penalty. The goal of this Mobilization Kit is to inform of this year’s objectives as well provide ideas of activities that boost the global abolitionist goal. This year's World Day is dedicated to people who, during the process of being sentenced to death, or following the sentence of their death, have been victims of torture. [texte] => Mobilization Kit21st World Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2023Torture and the Death PenaltySince 2003, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has been organizing local initiatives and global actions that shine a spotlight on the abolition of the death penalty. The goal of this Mobilization Kit is to help local, regional and global actors understand the objectives of the 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty and organize activities that will mobilize their communities forabolition.The World Day Against the Death Penalty (10 October) aims to raise the awareness of political leaders and the general public about the death penalty in both retentionist and abolitionist countries. The meaning of abolition and of justice without capital punishment needs to be maintained and shared, particularly for future generations. This day also unites abolitionist movements and gives global support to the sometimes- isolated action taken by its abolitionists on the ground. It encourages and consolidates the political and general awareness of the movement against the death penalty.Every year, World Day focuses on a specific issue related to capital punishment, such as poverty (2017) and gender (2021). To keep the momentum we started in 2022, World Day 2023 will continue to explore the link between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment. For more information, go to:www.worldcoalition.org s1 TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................... 2[1] PRESENTATION .............................................................................. 4Main objective of the World Day 2023 ................................................................. 4Specific objectives of the World Day 2023 ........................................................ 4[2] ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY .............................. 5 .............................................................................................................. 5[3] ORGANIZE EVENTS ........................................................................ 610 things you can do to end the death penalty................................................ 610 practical worksheets to help you! .................................................................. 7(1) HOW TO ORGANIZE A DEMONSTRATION?............................................. 7(2) ORGANIZE AN ESCAPE ROOM GAME: “ESCAPE DEATH” ................. 7(3) COLLABORATE WITH MINORITY GROUP’S RIGHTSORGANIZATIONS.......................................................................................................... 8(4) HOW TO ORGANIZE A FILM FESTIVAL ON THE DEATH PENALTY?..................................................................................................................................................8(5) HOW TO ORGANIZE AN ART EXHIBITION?............................................ 9(6) HOW TO PROMOTE THE WORLD DAY ON SOCIAL MEDIA?.............. 9(7) HOW TO WRITE A PRESS RELEASE?...................................................... 10(8) HOW TO GUARANTEE GOOD MEDIA COVERAGE FOR YOUREVENTS?........................................................................................................................ 11(9) HOW TO LEAD AN AWARENESS CAMPAIGN VIA TV/RADIO SHOW..................................................................................................................................................11(10) ENGAGING WITH PEOPLE ON DEATH ROW ......................................... 1110 Tips for a successful event!....................................................................... 12[4] WORLD DAY TOOLS YOU CAN USE.............................................. 13[5] ADDITIONAL MATERIALS ............................................................. 13 Website on the death penalty ............................................................................... 13 Film Selection.............................................................................................................14Non-fiction ......................................................................................................................... 14 Fiction ................................................................................................................................ 14 Videos ................................................................................................................................ 15 Art exhibitions and Artwork ................................................................................................ 152 [6] JOIN US !....................................................................................... 16The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.............................................16 Join the movement for the universal of the abolition of the deathpenalty!.......................................................................................................................... 16 [7] CONTACT US !............................................................................... 16Secretariat of the World Coalition: .............................................................................. 16 For further information: ................................................................................................ 163 [1] PRESENTATIONMain objective of the World Day 2023While the death penalty is tolerated by international law insofar as it can be imposed only for the most serious crimes and applied in a way that causes the least possible suffering, the prohibition of torture is a peremptory norm of international law, universally accepted by states as a norm from which no derogation is permitted. Last year, we explored the link between torture and the death penalty by shedding light on how several methods of execution, as well as other aspects of capital punishment before, during and after the sentence, may amount to torture or cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP): Whether physical, sexual, or psychological, torture can be used to obtain confessions that are then used to charge individuals and sentence them to death. While awaiting execution, prisoners on death row face psychological torture, known as the "death row phenomenon," due to the long and agonizing wait, isolation, drastically reduced human contact and even the undignified physical conditions of detention. Execution methods - gas asphyxiation and induced hypoxia, stoning, hanging, firing squad, lethal injection, decapitation, all still used - have already been condemned by international and regional jurisprudence as torture and CIDTP. Family members of victims, family members of those sentenced to death, and other persons who have relationships with those who are sentenced to death are also subjected to a form of psychological torture.This year, our main objective is to continue the momentum that we started in World Day 2022 by diving even deeper into the link between the use of the death penalty, torture and CIDTP, and reinforcing the global consensus on the understanding of capital punishment as constituting torture before, during and after the death sentence. More broadly, World Day 2023 aims to present a stronger case for the abolition of the death penalty as the most unjust, inhumane and cruel method of punishment.Specific objectives of the World Day 2023To do so, the World Coalition and its member organizations have identified specific objectives: Support abolitionist activities by sharing important tools for advocacy and mobilization Every year, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty produces tools that are shared andused by its member organizations.o A poster for the World Day Against the Death Penalty;o A leaflet on the World Day’s theme with synthetic information and testimonies; o Facts and figures on the use of the death penalty in the world;o A detailed factsheet on torture and the death penalty ;o Gender and the death penalty factsheets ;o The 2022 World Day Report;o A mobilization kit for their members.These tools will be printed both in English and French and will be available online on www.worldcoalition.org/campagne/21st-world-day-against-the-death- penalty. Additional tools for professionals, and the sharing of existing tools will be provided as well on the World Coalition website. Furthermore, the World Coalition supports events organized worldwide on 10 October as the very objective of the World Day is to support and stimulate local initiatives and actions in as many countries as possible in the world.4  Share the testimonies of survivors, executed persons and witnesses of inhuman, cruel and degrading experiences amounting to torture in the context of capital punishment. Work with human rights organizations fighting against torture and CIDTP.[2] ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY (1) No State should have the power to take a person’s life.It is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from judicial error and innocent people are likely to be sentenced to death or executed.It is unfair. The death penalty is applied discriminatorily and is often used disproportionately against people who are poor, people with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, and members of racial and ethnic minority groups. In some places, the imposition of the death penalty is used to target groups based on sexual orientation, gender identity, political opinion, or religion.(2)(3)(4)(5) Itdeniesanypossibilityofrehabilitation.It is inhuman, cruel, and degrading. Conditions on death row and the anguish of facing execution inflict extreme psychological and physical suffering, and execution is a physical and mental assault.It is applied overwhelmingly in violation of international standards. It breaches the principles of the1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that everyone has the right to life and that(6) no one shall be subjected t [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/WD2023Mobilization-kit_EN_v0.3.pdf ) [300] => Array ( [objectID] => 21709 [title] => 2022 World Day Report [timestamp] => 1686528000 [date] => 12/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2022-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2022, the World Coalition and abolitionists around the world celebrated the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty (‘World Day’). Every year on World Day, the World Coalition highlights one problematic aspect of the Death Penalty. [texte] => 2022 WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY REPORT Table des matièresFOREWORD ......................................................................................................... 3I. Dual Main Objectives: Both to Raise Public Awareness on the Link between the Death Penalty and Torture to convince people that the Death Penalty should be abolished and to mark the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty ................................................................................... 41. Institutional Resonance of the 20th World Day...........................................................4 2. Awareness Raising Work Undertaken by the World Coalition ......................................... 5 3. Media Coverage of World Day 2022.......................................................................5 4. Social Media Coverage of the 2022 World Day .......................................................... 6 5. WhatsApp campaign......................................................................................... 8II. Supporting Advocacy by Creating and Sharing Mobilization Tools ...................................... 8 1. Creating and Sharing World Day Tools ................................................................... 8 2. Tool Distribution ............................................................................................. 9III. Encouraging the Organization of Local Initiatives and Strengthening Abolitionist Society ....... 10 1. Breakdown of World Day 2022 Events .................................................................. 10 2. Worldwide Mobilization................................................................................... 11Americas .................................................................................................... 11 Asia .......................................................................................................... 11 Europe ....................................................................................................... 12 Middle East and North Africa ............................................................................. 12 Sub Saharan Africa......................................................................................... 13VI. Annexes ....................................................................................................... 13 1. About the World Coalition.............................................................................. 13 2. Link to list of all members ................................................................................ 142FOREWORDWhy choose torture as this year’s World Day Against the Death Penalty theme? Understanding the link between torture and the death penalty and the impact of 20 World Days.The aim of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (‘World Coalition’) is to reinforce the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to achieve universal abolition of the death penalty. In countries where the death penalty is applied, the World Coalition is working to reduce its use, for example through the supporting and invoking the respect for international human rights standards. Since the creation of the World Coalition in 2002, significant progress towards the universal abolition of the death penalty has been achieved. Numerous States that have maintained the death penalty have abolished it in practice or have since restricted its use.Observed every 10 October, the World Day Against the Death Penalty (‘World Day’) unifies the global abolitionist movement and mobilizes civil society, political leaders, lawyers, public opinion and more to support the call for universal abolition of capital punishment. The day encourages and consolidates the political and general awareness of the world-wide movement against the death penalty.In 2022, the World Day had a dual focus. First was the theme, dedicated to reflecting on therelationship between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment. The types of torture and other ill-treatment experienced during the long death penalty road are varied and numerous: physical or psychological torture has been applied in many cases during questioning to force confessions to capital crimes; death row phenomenon contributes to the long-term psychological decline of a person’s health; harsh death row living conditions contribute to physical deterioration; mental anguish of anticipating execution; methods of execution that cause exceptional pain, and the suffering experienced by family members and those with a close relationship with the executed person. Discriminations based on sex, gender, poverty, age, sexual orientation, religious and ethnic minority status, and others can compound cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment of individuals sentenced to death.The second focus the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the World Day by the World Coalition and its members. As the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty was marked around the world, now is a time to consider and celebrate the gains the abolitionist movement has made over the past 20 years.Now, more than ever, abolitionist actors need to continue working towards the complete abolition of the death penalty worldwide, for all crimes. Here’s to another 20 years of World Days and anti-death penalty awareness raising and activism.3I. Dual Main Objectives: Both to Raise Public Awareness on the Link between the Death Penalty and Torture to convince people that the Death Penalty should be abolished and to mark the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty1. Institutional Resonance of the 20th World DayOne of the main objectives of World Day 2022 was to raise awareness on the link between the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP). Numerous intergovernmental, international, and national institutions publicly expressed their opposition towards the death penalty and torture, creating international resonance. Different angles on understanding torture and CIDTP and the death penalty created an international ricochet in different languages and country contexts.Many public statements were issued either on World Day or in the days surrounding the 10th October. Joint declarations marking the World Day and its theme, issued by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs on behalf of the European Union (EU) and the Secretary General of the Council of Europe (CE) were distributed on several EU websites, such as the Delegation of the European Union to Vietnam and to the People’s Republic of China, both retentionist countries. It was on average translated into 24 languages, including languages of retentionist countries such as Arabic, Belarussian, Vietnamese, and Farsi.A statement by the United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Alice Edwards, and the UN Special Rapporteur on Extra-judicial summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz was published which jointly addressed the relationship between the death penalty and the absolute prohibition against torture and other CIDTP.Honorable Commissioner Idrissa Sow of the African Commission of Human’s and People’s Rights (ACHPR) released a statement which stated that the World Day is an opportunity to reflect on the progress made towards universal abolition, the road still to travel for complete abolition, while highlighting the link between the death penalty and torture, in the process of applying this penalty.At least 10 State governments representing abolitionist countries for all crimes or in practice, includingBelgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Kingdom of Morocco, Slovenia, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, released publications conveying their commitment to the international abolitionist cause on World Day 2022. Ambassador Raphael Naegeli from Switzerland (on behalf of the UK and other OSCE1 states), Honorable Mélanie Joly - Minister of Foreign Affairs of Canada - and German Human Rights Commissioner Luise Amtsberg, among others, took World Day to express their stance representative of their country against the death penalty. Also on the national level, Hina Jilani, Chairperson of the Human Rights Commission in Pakistan published a statement in which she demonstrates that the application of capital punishment in Pakistan amounts to torture. At the end of October 2022, Richard Branson, a British entrepreneur and founder of the Virgin Group, tweeted criticism towards Singapore’s execution policies, and was subsequently invited for a televised debate by Singaporean authorities, but declined by saying that this opportunity should be given to local activists, pressuring Singapore to listen to their own citizens and experts on the topic. 1 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe42. Awareness Raising Work Undertaken by the World Coalition- The World Coalition used Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to carry out a ten-day social media campaign, which featured statistics and facts about abolitionist progress, as well as testimonies from people sentenced to death or affected by someone dear to them sentenced to death.- The World Coalition shared a social media toolkit with members to use text and images for their own social media campaigns.- The World Coalition released a Joint Declaration (see Annex) on the Death Penalty dedicated the death penalty and human rights of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals. It was co-signed by 59 organizations in total.- The World Coalition distributed their Mobilization Kit and World Day 2022 tools for the 20th World Day to member organizations and abolitionist partners, both digitally and sending out physical packages of printed materials.- The World Coalition developed and distributed a 20th World Day Anniversary tool, aimed at reflecting and celebrating the last 20 years of World D [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/EN_World-Day-Report-2022_Short-Version-v2.1.pdf ) [301] => Array ( [objectID] => 21689 [title] => 21st World Day – Facts and Figures 2023 [timestamp] => 1686528000 [date] => 12/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/21st-world-day-facts-and-figures-2023/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Find the main facts and figures regarding the death penalty worldwide in 2022 and early 2023. [texte] => Torture and the Death PenaltyFACTS AND FIGURES21st World Day Against the Death Penalty [1] ABOLITIONIST ANDRETENTIONIST COUNTRIESMore than two thirds of countries in the world have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice:1• 112 countries2 abolished the death penalty for all crimes.• 9 countries3 abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes only, with exceptions placed on crimes committed in times of war.• 23 countries4 can be considered abolitionist in practice as they have not held an execution for the last 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions.• In total 144 countries have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice.• 55 countries and territories still uphold and use the death penalty.• 20 countries5 carried out executions in 2022.• In 2022, the top five executioners were China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the USA.•[2] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDSGLOBAL ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYWhile the number of countries known to have carried out executions has increased – 20 in 2022 as compared to 18 in 2021, numerous countries continue to take steps towards abolition, solidifying the international trend. Important legislative steps have been taken to reduce the scope of the death penalty or abolish it altogether in Liberia, Malaysia, and Indonesia in 2022 and early 2023. In March 2023, Niger took1 For 2022 figures shown in this document, see: Amnesty International, Global Report Death sentences and executions. 2022 https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/2 Albania, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, Fiji, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niue, North Macedonia, Norway, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome And Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Togo, Türkiye,concrete steps to amend its penal code and abolish the death penalty.Gambia, Maldives, and Sri Lanka are still observing an official moratorium on executions.Last but not least, Kazakhstan, Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone, and the Central African Republic abolished death penalty for all crimes while Equatorial Guinea and Zambia abolished for ordinary crimes only. Additionally, Kazakhstan ratified the Second Optional protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of the death penalty without any reservations. In June 2023, Côte d'Ivoire also passed a law authorizing ratification of the Protocol, a significant first step.[3] DEATHEXECUTIONSSENTENCES AND2022 saw the highest number of executions in thepast five years, with at least 883 executions recorded while at least 2,016 death sentences were handed down in 52 countries (compared to approx. 2,052 in 56 countries in 2021).According to Amnesty International, 13 women were known to have been executed: 12 in Iran and 1 in Saudi Arabia. Because of a lack of information and/or transparency from many retentionist governments, such as China whose figures could not be incorporated in the above number, those figures are the lowest that could be determined. As such, the number of executions and death sentences are likely to be underestimated. At the end of 2022, 28,282 people were known to be under a sentence of death.[Americas]For the 14th consecutive year, the United States was the only nation to carry out executions in the Americas. The number of executions carried out in the country increased by 64%, rising from 11 in 2021 to 18 in 202. Also, the number of death sentences handed downTurkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela.3 Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Israel, Peru, Zambia4 Algeria, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ghana, Grenada, Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco/Western Sahara, Niger, Russia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tonga, Tunisia.5 A figure followed with a “+” indicates the lowest reliable number of people executed although it is believed by Amnesty International that more people have been executed in reality; a “+” without any figure means Amnesty International have corroborated more than one executions but had no sufficient information to provide a credible: Afghanistan (+), Bangladesh (4), Belarus (1), China (+), Egypt (24), Iran (576+), Iraq (11+), Japan (1), Kuwait (7), Myanmar (4), North Korea (+), Palestine (State of) (5), Saudi Arabia (196), Singapore (11), Somalia (6+), South Sudan (5+), Syria (+), USA (18), Viet Nam (+), Yemen (4+). increased compared to previous years going from 18 in both 2020 and 2021 to 21 in 2022. Six US states has proceeded to executions in 2022, minus one state compared to 2021. Six men are still facing capital punishment before unfair military commissions at the US naval base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. The military authorities had not carried out executions since 1961. Notably, Oregon's incumbent governor, Kate Brown, has commuted all death sentences remaining in the state. Outside the United States, only Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana handed down respectively 5+ and 4 new death sentences in 2022.[Asia]Human rights organizations working in and on China estimate the number of its executions in 2022 was in the thousands; figures pertaining to the death penalty remain a state secret in China, as in North Korea and Viet Nam. Recorded death sentences are also increased in India and Pakistan. Overall, eight countries6 recorded executions, an increase from five in 2021.The region saw a large increase in the number of new death sentences- 861 recorded in 2022, as compared to 819 in 2021. In Myanmar, military authorities have carried out executions for the first time in 40 years; among them, two high-profile opposition politicians. In the same line, Afghanistan and Singapore have resumed executions after a hiatus. For the second consecutive year, Taiwan and India have not carried out executions.[Middle East & North Africa]In Middle East and North Africa, known executions went up by 59%, with 8 countries carrying out 825 recorded executions in 2022 while it was 520 in 2021. This sharp increase is largely due to the practice of judicial executions used among repression in Iran (70%) and Saudi Arabia (24%) which carried out 94% of recorded executions in the region. In both countries, death penalty was highly used for drug-related offences. Executions in Kuwait and the State of Palestine resumed for the first time since 2017. Recorded death sentences decreased slightly in the region, going from 834 in 2021 to 827 in 2022 and were imposed in 16 countries compared to 17 in 2021. Additionally, significant reductions in death sentences were recorded in Iraq (91 to 41), Jordan (11 to 4), Lebanon (12 to 2) and Yemen (298 to 78).6Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Japan, Myanmar, North Korea, Singapore, Viet Nam[Sub Saharan Africa]In 2022, the only countries to carry out executions in Sub-Saharan Africa were Somalia, and South Sudan - The lowest number of executing countries recorded by Amnesty International in the region since 2017. Overall, there was a significant decrease in executions and in handing down of death sentences. In 2021, 373 death sentences were handed down in 19 countries and 33 individuals executed - compared to 298 convictions in 16 countries and 11 executions, respectively in 2022. Nevertheless, convictions increased in Kenya (from 14 to 79) and Nigeria (from 56 to 77).[4] EXECUTION METHODSExecutions in 2022 were carried out primarily through beheading (Saudi Arabia), hanging (Bangladesh, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Myanmar, Singapore, South Sudan, Syria), lethal injection (China, United Sates, Vietnam) and shooting (Afghanistan Belarus, China, Kuwait, North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea), Palestine (State of), Somalia, Yemen).[5] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTSSUPPORTING ABOLITIONProgress towards abolition has been made through the adoption of international treaties, whereby States pledge not to use capital punishment:• Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty has been ratified by 90 States as of May 2023.• Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights on the abolition of the death penalty, has been ratified by 13 States in the Americas.• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has now been ratified by 46 European States.• Protocol No. 13 to the European Human Rights Convention concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances has been ratified by 44 European States and signed, but not ratified by 1 other. Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms provides for the abolition of the death penalty in times of peace, whereas Protocol No. 13 provides for its total abolition. The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as well the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights also provide for the total abolition of the death penalty but give the party States the possibility to make an exception during [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FactsFigures2023_EN-v2.pdf ) [302] => Array ( [objectID] => 21662 [title] => Poster 21st World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1686528000 [date] => 12/06/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-21st-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 10 OCTOBER 202321st WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgThe death penalty: An irreversible torture [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/AfficheA2_CMPM_EXE_EN_BD.pdf ) [303] => Array ( [objectID] => 21628 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 52nd session [timestamp] => 1684713600 [date] => 22/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-52nd-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 52nd Regular Session from February 27 to April 4, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 52nd Regular Session from February 27 to April 4, 2023. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 52nd session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [304] => Array ( [objectID] => 21619 [title] => How Likely Is the Return of the Death Penalty in Israel? [timestamp] => 1684713600 [date] => 22/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-likely-is-the-return-of-the-death-penalty-in-israel/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Early 2023, the newly elected government of Israel announced an ensemble of judicial reforms; including a new bill that would introduce the death penalty for acts of terrorism. As of May 2023, the judicial reforms have been put on hold by the PM Netanyahu. This article takes a historical perspective to recontextualize the issue of […] [texte] => Early 2023, the newly elected government of Israel announced an ensemble of judicial reforms; including a new bill that would introduce the death penalty for acts of terrorism. As of May 2023, the judicial reforms have been put on hold by the PM Netanyahu. This article takes a historical perspective to recontextualize the issue of the death penalty in Israel, as well as the views of civil society organizations on the subject. (more…) "How Likely Is the Return of the Death Penalty in Israel?" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Israel ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [305] => Array ( [objectID] => 22272 [title] => Ripoti Ya Kimataifa Ya Amnesty International Hukumu Za Kifo Na Watu Walionyongwa 2022 [timestamp] => 1684195200 [date] => 16/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ripoti-ya-kimataifa-ya-amnesty-international-hukumu-za-kifo-na-watu-walionyongwa-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Utafiti wa Amnesty International kuhusu matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo mwaka wa 2022 ulionyesha kwambakulikuwa na ongezeko kubwa la idadi ya watu wanaojulikana kuwa walinyongwa duniani, likiwemo ongezekokubwa la watu walionyongwa kutokana na makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya [texte] => HUKUMU ZA KIFO NAWATU WALIONYONGWA2022RIPOTI YA KIMATAIFA YA AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL© Amnesty International 2020Isipokuwa pale ilipotajwa vinginevyo, maudhui katika hati hii yameidhinishwachini ya leseni ya Creative Commons (uhusishaji, isiyo ya kibiashara,hakuna vinyambuo, ya kimataifa 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeKwa maelezo zaidi ,tafadhali tembelea ukurasa wa idhini kwenye wavuti wetuwww.amnesty.orgPale ambapo maandishi yanahusishwa na mmiliki wa hakimiliki ambayeni tofauti na Amnesty International, maandishi hayo hayatadhitiwa na leseniya Creative Commons..Ilichapishwa kwanza 2020 na Amnesty International LtdJumba la Peter Benenson, Barabara ya 1 EastonLondon WC1X 0DW, UingerezaKielezo: ACT 50/6548/2023Lugha asilia: Kiingerezaamnesty.orgAmnesty International ni vuguvugu la watu milioni 10 ambalohuhamasisha ubinadamu ulio kwenye kila mtu na kuendeshakampeni ya kuleta mabadiliko ili sote tuweze kufurahia hakizetu za binadamu. Dira yetu ni kuwa na ulimwengu ambapo,walio mamlakani wanatimiza ahadi zao, wanaheshimu sheria zakimataifa na wanawajibishwa. Sisi ni shirika huru lisiloongozwana serikali, misimamo ya kisiasa, maslahi ya kiuchumiau dini yoyote na tunafadhiliwa hasa na wanachama wetuna michango ya watu binafsi. Tunaamini kwamba kwa kufanyakazi kwa mshikamano na mapenzi kwa watu kokote walikotunaweza kubadilisha jamii zetu kuwa bora zaidi.MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO 2022Amnesty International 3YALIYOMO1. MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO 2022 41.1 MIENENDO YA KIMATAIFA 41.2 AFRIKA KUSINI MWA SAHARA 12MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO 2022Amnesty International 4MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YAKIFO 2022“Tumepunguza hukumu ya watu 30 wanaosubirikunyongwa kuwa kifungo cha maisha. [Serikali yaZambia] imefanya uamuzi, tena mkubwa kukomeshaadhabu ya kifo nchini mwetu. Tutafanya kazi na Bungekufafanua mchakato huu tunapoondokana na adhabu yakifo na kuangazia katika utunzaji [na] urekebishaji wamaisha huku tukiendelea kutoa haki kwa wote.”Rais Hakainde Hichilema, Rais wa Zambia, 24 Mei 20221MIENENDO YA KIMATAIFAUtafiti wa Amnesty International kuhusu matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo mwaka wa 2022 ulionyesha kwambakulikuwa na ongezeko kubwa la idadi ya watu wanaojulikana kuwa walinyongwa duniani, likiwemo ongezekokubwa la watu walionyongwa kutokana na makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya. Mwenendo huumbaya unakinzana na mwenendo mwingine mzuri tunaouona kwa sasa: yaani, nchi kadhaa zilichukua hatuakuondokana na adhabu ya kifo mwaka wa 2022, huu ukiwa ufanisi mkubwa katika kumaliza adhabu iliyokatili, yenye kukosa ubinadamu na ya kushusha hadhi ya binadamu kuliko adhabu nyngine yoyote.Kunyonga watu kunakojulikana, bila kujumuisha maelfu ya watu wanaoaminika kunyongwa Uchina,kuliongezeka pakubwa kwa asilimia 53 ikilinganishwa na 2021, kutoka watu 579 (2021) hadi 883 (2022).Idadi ya watu walionyongwa 2022 ndiyo iliyokuwa kubwa zaidi tangu 2017 (993).2 Usiri na tabia ya nchikuzuia taarifa kutolewa kuliendelea kupotosha tathmini sahihi ya matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo katika nchikadhaa, zikiwemo Uchina, Korea Kaskazini na Viet Nam.1 ‘Hotuba ya Rais katika Maadhimisho ya Siku ya Uhuru Afrika’, Rais wa Zambia, 24 Mei 2022,https://twitter.com/HHichilema/status/1529176783567917060?s=20&t=UWGsVP5gR04PqZ3HUJ0F1Q2 Amnesty International ilirekodi visa vya watu 993 walionyongwa 2017, 690 mwaka wa 2018, 657 mwaka wa 2019, 483 mwaka wa 2020,na 579 mwaka wa 2021.MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO 2022Amnesty International 5Ongezeko hili kubwa hivi la visa vinavojulikana vya kunyonga watu duniani lilitokana na ongezeko la visavilivyorekodiwa Mashariki ya Kati na Afrika ya Kaskazini, ambapo idadi inayojulikana ya watu walionyongwailiongezeka kwa asilimia 59 kutoka 520 mwaka wa 2021 hadi 825 mwaka wa 2022. Asilimia 93, ambayo niidadi ya kubabaisha, ya visa vya kuwanyonga watu duniani (bila kujumuisha Uchina) 2022 vilifanyikaMashariki ya Kati na nchi zilizo Kaskazini mwa Afrika Kati ya visa 823 vilivyorekodiwa vya watu walionyongwakatika kanda hizi, asilimia 94 vilitekelezwa Iran (70%) na Saudi Arabia (24%), ambazo ni nchi mbili zilizo namazoea ya kuwanyonga watu kutokana na kesi zisizozingatia haki na ambapo ongezeko kubwa lakuwanyonga watu lilirekodiwa mwaka wa 2022. Nchini Iran, watu walionyongwa waliongezeka hadi 576kutoka 314 ikilinganishwa na mwaka uliotangulia, ambalo ni ongezeko la asilimia 83. Nchini Saudi Arabia,idadi iliyorekodiwa ya watu walionyongwa iliongezeka mara tatu kutoka 65 (2021) hadi 196 (2022), ambayondiyo idadi kubwa zaidi kuwahi kurekodiwa na Amnesty International katika nchi moja kwa miaka 30.Nchi nne - Uchina, Iran, Saudi Arabia na Singapore - ziliwanyonga watu kwa makosa yanayohusiana nadawa za kulevya, ambao ni ukiukaji wa sheria ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu, ambayo hukataza matumiziya adhabu ya kifo kwa uhalifu ambao haujafikia viwango vya kuainishwa kama “uhalifu hatari zaidi” (yaani,uhalifu ambao huhusu mauaji ya kimaksudi).3 Upo uwezekano mkubwa kwamba watu waliofanya makosahaya walinyongwa nchini Viet Nam, lakini visa hivi havingethibitishwa kutokana na usiri uliotumika. Kufikiamwisho wa 2022, watu 325 walirekodiwa kunyongwa kutokana na makosa yanayohusiana na dawa zakulevya. Idadi hii iliongezeka zaidi ya maradufu ikilinganishwa na watu 134 waliorekodiwa kunyongwa 2021na iliwakilisha asilimia 37 ya watu walionyongwa duniani 2022. Kati ya visa 325 vya watu waliothibitishwakunyongwa, 255 walirekodiwa kunyongwa Iran - ambapo asilimia 44 ya watu wanaojulikana kuwawalinyongwa walihusishwa na makosa ya dawa za kulevya; visa 57 vilirekodiwa Saudi Arabia - ambapoukawishaji wa kuwanyonga watu kwa makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya ambao Tume ya Haki zaBinadamu ya Saudi Arabia ilikuwa imesema kwamba ukawishaji wa unyongaji watu iliokuwa umewekwa2020 ulikamilika 2022. Visa 11 vilirekodiwa Singapore - nchi iliyorejelea kuwanyonga watu 2022 na wotewalionyongwa mwaka huo ilikuwa ni kutokana na makosa yaliyohusiana na dawa za kulevya. AmnestyInternational walithibitisha kwamba watu waliohusishwa na dawa za kulevya ndio walionyongwa Uchinalakini hawakuwa na taarifa za kutosha kuweza kutoa idadi ya chini ya watu ambao huenda walinyongwa.4Kuongezeka kwa matumizi ya adhabu ya kifo kwa makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya kunaipaAmnesty International wasiwasi mkubwa kwani ni ukiukaji wa haki ya kuishi, inakiuka sheria ya kimataifa yahaki za binadamu na ni tishio kwa ufanisi uliopatikana kufikia sasa kukomesha adhabu ya kifo.Licha ya vizingiti vilivyoelezewa, ufanisi wa maana dhidi ya adhabu ya kifo ulipatikana 2022. Bila shaka,ulimwengu uliendelea kuondokana na adhabu ya kifo na ni nchi chache tu - ambazo pia zinaendeleakupungua - zilizotumia adhabu hiyo. Nchi sita zilikomesha hukumu ya kifo aidha kikamilifu au kiasi 2022Nchi nne – Kazakhstan, Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone na Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati – walikomeshaadhabu ya kifo kwa mokosa yote. Nchini Kazakhstan, sheria iliyokomesha adhabu ya kifo iliasisiwa Januari.Kufikia Aprili, mabadiliko kwenye Kanuni ya Sheria ya Jinai ambayo ilifuta adhabu ya kifo kwa makosa yoteilianza kutumika nchini Papua New Guinea Mnamo tarehe 21 Aprili, 2021. Sheria ya Kukomesha Adhabu yaKifo ya 2021, ambayo iliondoa adhabu ya kifo kutoka kwenye sheria za Sierra Leone ilianza kutumika rasmi.Mnamo Juni 27, 2022, Rais Faustin-Archange Touadéra wa Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati alisaini mswada washeria ya kukomesha adhabu ya kifo ambao Bunge la Taifa lilikuwa limepitisha mwezi mmoja kabla. Kufikiamwisho wa 2022, nchi mbili – Equatorial Guinea na Zambia – zilikuwa zimekomesha adhabu ya kifo kwamakosa ya kawaida pekee. Amnesty International ilichukulia hatua hizi chanya kuwa hazijakamilika kwasababu bado zilikuwepo sheria za kijeshi za kuwanyonga watu katika nchi hizo mbili kufikia mwisho wamwaka. Mwaka wa 1977 ambapo Amnesty International ilianza kampeni yake ya kimataifa ya kukomeshaadhabu ya kifo, ni nchi 16 pekee zilizokuwa zimekomesha adhabu ya kifo kwa makosa yote. Kufikia mwishowa 2022, nchi 112 zilikuwa zimekomesha adhabu ya kifo kwa makosa yote na 9 zilikuwa zimeikomesha kwamakosa ya kawaida pekee.Aidha, Kazakhstani - bila masharti yoyote - ilijiunga kuwa nchi mwanachama wa Itifaki ya Pili ya Hiari kwaMkataba wa Kimataifa wa Haki za Kiraia na Kisiasa, ikilenga kumaliza kabisa adhabu ya kifo. Gambia,Maldives na Sri Lanka ziliendelea kutekeleza ukawishaji rasmi wa kuwanyoga watu. Kule Asia, serikali yaMalaysia ilichukua hatua kubadilisha adhabu ya kifo; na Bunge la Indonesia lilipitisha Kanuni mpya yaSheria ya Jinai ambayo baada ya kuanza kutumika 2026, itaruhusu kupunguzwa kwa hukumu za kifobaada ya miaka 10 ikiwa masharti fulani yatatimizwa. Katika kanda ya Afrika kusini mwa Sahara, hatua zakisheria kuelekea ukomeshaji wa adhabu ya kifo zilichukuliwa. Wabunge wa Seneti ya Liberia, mnamo Julaiwalipigia kura kwa pamoja mswada wa sheria ya kukomesha adhabu ya kifo uliokuwa unasubiri kupitishwana Bunge la Taifa mwishoni mwa 2022. Nchini Ghana, miswada ya kurekebisha Sheria ya Makosa ya Jinai3 Kamati ya Haki za Binadamu, Maoni ya Jumla Namba. 36 katika Ibara ya 6: Haki ya Kuishi, Hati ya UN CCPR/C/GC/36 aya35.4 Katika kukokotoa idadi ya jumla ya watu walionyongwa duniani kutokana na makosa yanayohusiana na dawa za kulevya, wawiliwalihesabiwa Uchina kulingana na njia ya utafiti waliyoitumia Amnesty International.MATUMIZI YA ADHABU YA KIFO 2022Amnesty International 61960 na Sheria ya Wanajeshi ya 1962 iliendelea kufanyiwa kazi ili kuondoa vipengee vya adhabu ya kifokutoka kwenye sheria hizo.Mnamo Desemba, kwenye kikao cha Baraza Kuu la Umoja wa Mataifa, idadi kubwa zaidi ya nchiwanachama wa UN kuliko wakati mwingine wowote ziliunga mkono kupitishwa kwa azimio la kukawishaunyongaji wa watu kwa lengo la kuukomesha kabisa adhabu ya kifo.5 Karibu theluthi mbili za nchiwanachama wa UN - nchi 125 - zilipiga kura kupitisha azimio la tisa la kusimamisha kwa muda matumizi yaadhabu ya kifo. Uungaji mkono wa azimio hilo umeongezeka tangu lilipopitishwa mara ya mwisho Desemba2020, ishara kwamba jumuiya [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/ ) [306] => Array ( [objectID] => 22264 [title] => Amnesty International Global Report : Death Sentences and Executions 2022 [timestamp] => 1684195200 [date] => 16/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/amnesty-international-global-report-death-sentences-and-executions-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2022. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countries governments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. [texte] => DEATH SENTENCESAND EXECUTIONS2022AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL REPORTIndex: ACT 50/6548/2023Original language: English© Amnesty International 2023Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensedunder a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives,international 4.0) licence.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeFor more information please visit the permissions page on our website:www.amnesty.orgWhere material is attributed to a copyright owner other than AmnestyInternational this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence.First published in 2023 by Amnesty International LtdPeter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UKamnesty.orgAmnesty International is a movement of 10 million peoplewhich mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaignsfor change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our visionis of a world where those in power keep their promises,respect international law and are held to account. We areindependent of any government, political ideology, economicinterest or religion and are funded mainly by our membershipand individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarityand compassion with people everywhere can change oursocieties for the better.3DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022Amnesty InternationalCONTENTSEXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2022 4AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY 6THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2022 7GLOBAL TRENDS 7REGIONAL OVERVIEWS 16AMERICAS 16ASIA-PACIFIC 21EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 27MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 28SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 33ANNEX I: RECORDED EXECUTIONS AND DEATH SENTENCES IN 2022 38RECORDED EXECUTIONS IN 2022 38RECORDED DEATH SENTENCES IN 2022 39ANNEX II: ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2022 40ANNEX III: RATIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2022 42ANNEX IV: VOTING RESULTS OF UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 77/222,ADOPTED ON 15 DECEMBER 2022 44DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022AMNESTY INTERNATIONALDEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL2001751501251007550250EXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2022 This map indicates the general locationsof boundaries and jurisdictions andshould not be interpreted as AmnestyInternational’s view on disputed territories.+ indicates that the figure that AmnestyInternational has calculated is a minimum.Where + is not preceded by a number,this means that Amnesty Internationalis confident that there was more thanone execution, but it was impossible toestablish a figure.7. SOMALIARecorded executionsand death sentencesfell by 71% and 63%respectively, comparedto 2021.9. YEMENRecorded executionsand death sentencesfell by 71% and 74%respectively, comparedto 2021.8. SOUTH SUDANRecorded executionsand death sentencesfell by 44% and 60%respectively, comparedto 2021.1. CHINAContinued to executeand sentence to deaththousands of peoplebut kept figures secret.2. IRANRecorded executionsincreased by 83% comparedto 2021, largely due to spikesin executions for murder anddrug-related offences.3. SAUDI ARABIAOfficial figures showexecutions tripled incomparison with 2021.4. EGYPTRecorded executions fell by 71%compared to 2021 but known deathsentences rose by 51%.6. IRAQRecorded executionsand death sentencesfell by 35% and 55%respectively, compared to2021.5. USAExecutions increased by 64%compared to 2021 but thisnumber remained amonghistorically low figures.10. NORTH KOREADeath penalty likely tobe used at sustainedrate, but impossible toindependently verify.11. VIET NAMDeath sentences wereimposed extensively fordrug-related offences.The 11 countries numbered on the maphave persistently executed people in thepast five years (2018–2022).CHINAIRANSAUDI ARABIAEGYPTUSAIRAQSINGAPOREKUWAITSOMALIASOUTH SUDANSTATE OFPALESTINEYEMENBANGLADESHMYANMARBELARUSJAPANAFGHANISTANNORTH KOREASYRIAVIET NAM1,000s196576+241811+ 11 7 6+ 5+ 5 4+ 4 4 1 1 + + ++6DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022Amnesty InternationalAMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURESON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYThis report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2022.As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures;judgments; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives;media reports; and, as specified, other civil society organizations. Amnesty International reportsonly on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, suchas commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countriesgovernments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. In China and Viet Nam,data on the use of the death penalty is classified as a state secret, while little or no information wasavailable on some other countries due to restrictive state practice.Therefore, for a significant number of countries, Amnesty International’s figures on the use of thedeath penalty are minimum figures. The true overall numbers are likely to be higher.In 2009 Amnesty International stopped publishing its estimated figures on the use of thedeath penalty in China, a decision that reflected concerns about how the Chinese authoritiesmisrepresented Amnesty International’s numbers. Amnesty International always made clear thatthe figures it was able to publish on China were significantly lower than the reality, because of therestrictions on access to information. China has yet to publish any figures on the death penalty;however, available information indicates that each year thousands of people are executed andsentenced to death. Amnesty International renews its call on the Chinese authorities to publishinformation on the use of the death penalty in China.Where Amnesty International receives and is able to verify new information after publication of thisreport, it updates its figures online at amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penaltyIn tables and lists, where “+” appears after a figure next to the name of a country – for example,Malaysia (16+) – it means that Amnesty International confirmed 16 executions, death sentencesor persons under sentence of death in Malaysia but believes that there were more than 16. Where“+” appears after a country name without a figure – for instance, Syria (+) – it means that AmnestyInternational has corroborated executions, death sentences or persons under sentence of death(more than one) in that country but had insufficient information to provide a credible minimum figure.When calculating global and regional totals, “+” has been counted as two, including for China.Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of thenature or circumstances of the crime; guilt, innocence or other characteristics of the individual; or themethod used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization campaigns for total abolition ofthe death penalty.7DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022Amnesty InternationalTHE USE OF THE DEATHPENALTY IN 2022“We have commuted the sentences of 30 of those who areon death row to life imprisonment. [Zambia’s government]has taken a decision, a big decision, to end the deathpenalty in our country. We will work with Parliament to runthrough this process as we transition away from the deathpenalty and focus on the preservation [and] rehabilitationof life while still delivering justice for all.”President Hakainde Hichilema, President of Zambia, 24 May 20221GLOBAL TRENDSAmnesty International’s research on the global use of the death penalty in 2022 revealed a spikein the number of people known to have been executed worldwide, including a significant increasein executions for drug-related offences. This negative trend contrasts with a countervailing positivetendency: a substantial number of countries have taken decisive steps away from the death penalty in2022, marking remarkable progress against the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment.Known executions, excluding the thousands believed to have taken place in China, significantlyincreased by 53% on those for 2021, from 579 (2021) to 883 (2022). The executions recorded in2022 were the highest since 2017 (993).2 Secrecy and restrictive state practices continued to impair anaccurate assessment of the use of the death penalty in several countries, including China, North Koreaand Viet Nam.The sharp increase in known global executions in 2022 was mainly due to the significant increaserecorded in the Middle East and North Africa region, where known executions went up by 59%, from520 in 2021 to 825 in 2022. A staggering 93% of known global executions (excluding China) in 2022were carried out in the Middle East and North Africa region. Of the 825 executions recorded in theregion, 94% were carried out in Iran (70%) and Saudi Arabia (24%); two countries that routinelyexecute people after unfair trials and where sharp increases in executions were recorded in 2022. InIran, recorded executions went up to 576 from 314 recorded the previous year, an increase of 83%. InSaudi Arabia, recorded executions tripled from 65 (2021) to 196 (2022), the highest number AmnestyInternational recorded in the country in 30 years.1 ‘President’s address to mark Africa Freedom Day’, President of Zambia, 24 May 2022, https://twitter.com/HHichilema/status/1529176783567917060?s=20&t=UWGsVP5gR04PqZ3HUJ0F1Q2 Amnesty International recorded 993 executions globally in 2017, 690 in 2018, 657 in 2019, 483 in 2020, and 579 in 2021.8DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2022Amnesty InternationalFour countries – China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Singapore – executed people for drug-related offencesin violation of international human rights law which prohibits the use of the death penalty for crimesthat do not meet the threshold of “most serious crimes” (that is, crimes that involve intentional killing).3Executions for these offences were very likely to have been carried out in Viet Nam, but secrecyprevented confirmation. At the end [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/ ) [307] => Array ( [objectID] => 22538 [title] => ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ KÜRESEL RAPORU ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022 [timestamp] => 1684195200 [date] => 16/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uluslararasi-af-orgutu-kuresel-raporu-olum-cezalari-ve-infazlar-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bu rapor, Ocak-Aralık 2022 dönemi için ölüm cezasının adli kullanımını kapsamaktadır. Uluslararası Af Örgütü yalnızca infazlar, ölüm cezaları ve ölüm cezasının kullanımına ilişkin diğer hususlar (cezanın hafifletilmesi ve beraat gibi) hakkında makul teyitlerin olduğu durumlarda raporlama yapmaktadır. Birçok ülkede hükümetler ölüm cezasının kullanımına ilişkin bilgi yayınlamamaktadır. [texte] => ÖLÜM CEZALARIVE İNFAZLAR2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ KÜRESEL RAPORU3ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜİndeks: ACT 50/6548/2023Orijinal dili: İngilizce© Uluslararası Af Örgütü 2023Aksinin ifade edildiği durumlar haricinde, bu belgenin içeriği CreativeCommons (alıntı, gayriticari, türetilemez, uluslararası 4.0) tarafından lisanslıdır.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeDaha fazla bilgi için sitemizdeki izinler sayfasını ziyaret edebilirsiniz:www.amnesty.org.trUluslararası Af Örgütü dışında bir telif hakkı sahibine atfedilen içeriklerCreative Commons lisansına tabi değildir.İlk kez 2023 yılında Uluslararası Af Örgütü tarafından yayımlanmıştır.Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UKamnesty.orgİÇİNDEKİLER2022'DE ÖLÜM CEZASI UYGULAYAN ÜLKELER 4ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ’NÜN ÖLÜM CEZASI KULLANIMI KONUSUNDA TESPİT ETTİĞİ SAYILAR 62022 YILINDA ÖLÜM CEZASININ KULLANIMI 7KÜRESEL EĞİLİMLER 7BÖLGESEL DEĞERLENDİRMELER 16AMERİKA KITASI 16ASYA-PASİFİK 21AVRUPA VE ORTA ASYA 27ORTA DOĞU VE KUZEY AFRİKA 28SAHRA ALTI AFRİKA 33EK I: 2022'DE KAYDEDİLEN İNFAZLAR VE ÖLÜM CEZALARI 382022 YILINDA KAYDEDİLEN İNFAZLAR 382022 YILINDA KAYDEDİLEN ÖLÜM CEZALARI 39EK II: ÖLÜM CEZASI UYGULAYAN VE UYGULAMAYAN ÜLKELER 31 ARALIK 2022 İTİBARİYLE 40EK III: ULUSLARARASI SÖZLEŞMELERİN ONAYLANMASI 31 ARALIK 2022 TARİHİ İTİBARİYLE 42EK IV: 77/222 SAYILI BM GENEL KURULU KARARININ OYLAMA SONUÇLARIKABUL TARİHİ: 15 ARALIK 2022 44Uluslararası Af Örgütü, herkesin içindeki insanlığı hareketegeçiren ve hepimizin insan haklarından yararlanabilmesi içindeğişim kampanyaları yürüten 10 milyon kişilik bir harekettir.Vizyonumuz, iktidardakilerin sözlerini tuttuğu, uluslararasıhukuka saygı duyduğu ve hesap verdiği bir dünyadır. Tümhükümetlerden, siyasi ideolojilerden, ekonomik çıkarlardanve dini inançlardan bağımsız ve asli gelir kaynağı üye aidatlarıve bireysel bağışlar olan bir kurumuz. Dünyanın her yerindekiinsanlarla dayanışma ve şefkat içinde hareket etmenintoplumlarımızı daha iyiye doğru değiştirebileceğine inanıyoruz.6ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ20017515012510075502502022’DE ÖLÜM CEZASI UYGULAYAN ÜLKELER Bu harita, bölge ve sınırların genelmevkilerini göstermektedir. UluslararasıAf Örgütü’nün tartışmalı bölgelere ilişkingörüşü olarak yorumlanmamalıdır.+ işareti Uluslararası Af Örgütü’nünhesapladığı sayının asgari olduğunugösterir. +’nın önüne bir sayı gelmediğinde,bu, Uluslararası Af Örgütü’nün birdenfazla infaz olduğundan emin olduğuancak gerçek sayıyı belirlemenin mümkünolmadığı anlamındadır.Haritada numaralandırılmış 11 ülke, sonbeş yıl boyunca (2018-2022) ölüm cezasıuygulamaya devam etti.ÇİNİRANSUUDİ ARABİSTANMISIRABDIRAKSİNGAPURKUVEYTSOMALİGÜNEY SUDANFİLİSTİNDEVLETİYEMENBANGLADEŞMYANMARBELARUSJAPONYAAFGANİSTANKUZEY KORESURİYEVİETNAMBinlerce196576+241811+ 11 7 6+ 5+ 5 4+ 4 4 1 1 + + ++4. MISIRKayıtlı infazlar 2021’e kıyasla %71azaldı ancak bilinen ölüm cezaları %51oranında arttı.6. IRAK2021’e kıyasla kayıtlıinfazlar %35, ölümcezaları ise %55 azaldı.2. İRANKayıtlı infazlar 2021’e kıyasla%83 arttı. Bunun nedenibüyük ölçüde cinayet veuyuşturucuyla bağlantılısuçlardaki infazlarınartmasıydı.1. ÇİNBinlerce insanı ölümemahkum etmeye ve infazetmeye devam etti ancaksayıları gizli tuttu.10. KUZEY KOREÖlüm cezası muhtemelendevamlı olarak kullanıldı ancakbağımsız şekilde doğrulanmasımümkün değildi.11. VİETNAMÖlüm cezaları ağırlıklıolarak uyuşturucuylabağlantılı suçlardan ötürüverildi.9. YEMEN2021’e kıyasla kayıtlıinfazlar %71, ölümcezaları ise %74 azaldı.7. SOMALİ2021’e kıyasla kayıtlıinfazlar %71, ölümcezaları ise %63 azaldı.3. SUUDİ ARABİSTANResmi sayılar infazların2021’e kıyasla üçkatına çıktığınıgösteriyor.8. GÜNEY SUDAN2021’e kıyasla kayıtlıinfazlar %44, ölümcezaları ise %60 azaldı.5. ABD2021’e kıyasla infazlar %64 arttıancak infaz sayısı tarihin endüşük sayılarından biriydi.ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ’NÜN ÖLÜM CEZASIKULLANIMI KONUSUNDA TESPİT ETTİĞİ SAYILARBu rapor, Ocak-Aralık 2022 döneminde yargı eliyle ölüm cezası kullanımını incelemektedir. Öncekiyıllarda olduğu gibi resmi sayılar, mahkeme kararları, ölüm cezasına mahkum edilen kişiler ile ailelerive avukatlarından alınan bilgiler, basında yer alan haberler ve sınırlı sayıda ülkede diğer sivil toplumörgütleri dahil olmak üzere çeşitli kaynaklardan bilgi toplandı. Uluslararası Af Örgütü, infaz, ölümcezası ve cezanın hafifletilmesi veya beraat gibi ölüm cezası uygulamalarının farklı boyutlarıyla ilgilikonularda yalnızca yeterli kanıt olduğunda raporlama yapmaktadır. Birçok ülkede hükümetler ölümcezasının kullanımına ilişkin bilgileri yayımlamamaktadır. Örneğin, Çin ve Vietnam'da ölüm cezasınınkullanımına ilişkin veriler devlet sırrı olarak sınıflandırılıyor. Bazı ülkelerdeyse kısıtlayıcı devletuygulamaları nedeniyle ölüm cezası hakkında çok az bilgi mevcuttu veya hiç bilgi yoktu.Bu nedenle, birçok ülke için Uluslararası Af Örgütü'nün ölüm cezasının kullanımına ilişkin sayılarıasgari sayılardır. Gerçek sayıların daha yüksek olması muhtemel.2009'da Uluslararası Af Örgütü, Çin'de ölüm cezasının kullanımına ilişkin tahmini sayıları yayımlamayıdurdurdu. Bu karar, Çin yetkililerinin Uluslararası Af Örgütü'nün sayılarını yanlış şekilde sunmasıylailgili endişeler nedeniyle alındı. Uluslararası Af Örgütü, bilgiye erişimdeki kısıtlamalar nedeniyle Çinile ilgili yayınlayabildiği sayıların gerçeğin çok altında olduğunu her zaman açıkça belirtti. Çin henüzölüm cezasıyla ilgili herhangi bir sayı yayımlamadı. Ancak eldeki bilgiler, her yıl binlerce kişinin infazedildiğini ve ölüme mahkum edildiğini göstermektedir. Uluslararası Af Örgütü, Çin makamlarına Çin'deölüm cezasının kullanımına ilişkin bilgi yayımlama çağrısını yineliyor.Uluslararası Af Örgütü raporun yayımlanmasından sonra yeni bilgiler edindiği ve bu bilgileridoğrulayabildiği durumlarda, sayıları çevrimiçi olarak amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penaltyadresinde güncellemektedir.Tablo ve listelerde bir ülkenin adının yanında bir sayıdan sonra “+” işaretinin yer aldığı durumlarda,örneğin Malezya (16+) gibi ülkelerde, bu, Uluslararası Af Örgütü'nün Malezya'da 16 infazı, ölümcezasını veya ölüm cezasına mahkum edilen kişileri doğruladığı ancak gerçek sayının 16'ten fazlaolduğuna inandığı anlamına gelmektedir. Bir ülkenin adından sonra sayı olmadan “+” göründüğüdurumlarda ise, örneğin, Suriye’de (+), bu, Uluslararası Af Örgütü'nün ilgili ülkede infazlar, ölümcezaları veya ölüm cezasına mahkum edilen kişiler olduğunu doğruladığı, ancak güvenilir bir asgarisayı sağlamak için yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadığı anlamına gelir. Çin dahil küresel ve bölgesel toplamlarhesaplanırken “+” iki olarak sayılmıştır.Uluslararası Af Örgütü, suçlanan kişinin kim olduğundan, suçun niteliğinden, hangi koşullardaişlendiğinden ya da öldürme yönteminden bağımsız olarak istisnasız tüm davalarda ölüm cezasınakarşı çıkıyor. Uluslararası Af Örgütü, ölüm cezasının tamamen kaldırılması için kampanya yürütüyor.7ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ2022 YILINDA ÖLÜMCEZASININ KULLANIMI“Ölüm cezası mahkumlarından 30'unun cezasını müebbethapse çevirdik. [Zambiya hükümeti] ülkemizdeki ölümcezasını sona erdirmek için bir büyük bir karar aldı.Ölüm cezasından uzaklaşmaya ve herkes için adaletisağlamaya devam edeceğiz. Yaşamın korunmasına [ve]rehabilitasyona odaklanacak ve bu süreci yürütmek içinParlamento ile birlikte çalışacağız.”Hakainde Hichilema, Zambiya Devlet Başkanı, 24 Mayıs 20221KÜRESEL EĞİLİMLERUluslararası Af Örgütü’nün 2022’de ölüm cezasının küresel kullanımı hakkındaki araştırması, uyuşturucuylailgili suçlar nedeniyle uygulanan infazlardaki önemli artış da dahil olmak üzere, dünya çapında infazedildiği bilinen kişi sayısının arttığını gösterdi. Bu olumsuz eğilimin aksine, 2022 yılında birçok ülkede ölümcezasından uzaklaşmak yönünde kararlı adımlar atılarak bu en zalimane, insanlık dışı ve alçaltıcı cezaya karşıdikkate değer bir ilerleme kaydedildi.Çin›de gerçekleştiğine inanılan binlerce infazın dışında, bilinen infaz sayısı 2021›e göre %53 artarak2021’de 579’dan 2022’de 883’e yükseldi. 2022’de kaydedilen infaz sayısı, 2017’den (993) bu yanakaydedilen en yüksek sayı oldu 2 . Çin, Kuzey Kore ve Vietnam gibi ülkelerde gizlilik ve bilgiye erişimeyönelik kısıtlayıcı uygulamalar, birçok ülkede ölüm cezasının doğru bir şekilde değerlendirilmesiniengellemeye devam etti.2022’de bilinen küresel infaz sayılarındaki keskin artışın başlıca nedeni, Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrikabölgesinde 2021’de 520 olarak kaydedilen infazların 2022’de %59 artarak 825’e çıkmasıydı. 2022’deküresel infazların %93’ü (Çin hariç) Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika bölgesinde gerçekleştirildi. Bölgedekaydedilen 825 infazın %94’ü, rutin olarak haksız yargılamaların ardından infaz uygulayan ve 2022’deinfazlarda keskin artışların kaydedildiği İran (%70) ve Suudi Arabistan’da (%24) gerçekleştirildi. İran’dabir önceki yıl 314 olarak kaydedilen infaz sayısı %83’lük bir artışla 576’ya çıktı. Suudi Arabistan’dakaydedilen infaz sayısı üçe katlanarak 65’ten (2021) 196’ya yükseldi (2022) ve Uluslararası AfÖrgütü’nün ülkede son 30 yılda kaydettiği en yüksek sayı oldu.Uluslararası insan hakları hukuku kasten öldürmeyi içeren “en ciddi suçlar” eşiğini karşılamayan suçlar1 "Başkan'ın Afrika Özgürlük Günü konuşması", Zambiya Devlet Başkanı, 24 Mayıs 2022, https://twitter.com/HHichilema/status/1529176783567917060?s=20&t=UWGsVP5gR04PqZ3HUJ0F1Q2 Uluslararası Af Örgütü, dünya çapında 2017›de 993, 2018›de 690, 2019›da 657, 2020›de 483 ve 2021›de 579 infaz kaydetti.9ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ8ÖLÜM CEZALARI VE İNFAZLAR 2022ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜiki yıllık kararın kabul edilmesini destekledi.6 BM üyelerinin üçte ikisine yakını (125 BM üye devleti)ölüm cezasının ertelenmesi konusundaki dokuzuncu kararın kabul edilmesi yönünde oy kullandı. Enson Aralık 2020’de kabul edildiğinden bu yana karara verilen destek artmış oldu. Bu, ölüm cezasınıuluslararası insan [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6548/2023/en/ ) [308] => Array ( [objectID] => 21572 [title] => Human Rights Association [timestamp] => 1682985600 [date] => 02/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-association/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IHDLogosu_Vektorel-467x800.jpg [extrait] => The Human Rights Association (İnsan Hakları Derneği) is a non-governmental, independent, and voluntary body. The association, which was founded in 1986 by 98 human rights defenders, today has 27 branches, 7 representative offices, and ~8,000 members. İHD is the oldest and largest human rights organization in Turkey and its “sole and specific goal is to […] [texte] => The Human Rights Association (İnsan Hakları Derneği) is a non-governmental, independent, and voluntary body. The association, which was founded in 1986 by 98 human rights defenders, today has 27 branches, 7 representative offices, and ~8,000 members. İHD is the oldest and largest human rights organization in Turkey and its “sole and specific goal is to promote ‘human rights and freedoms.’” The principles of İHD include standing against the death penalty regardless of geographical location and circumstance. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [309] => Array ( [objectID] => 21548 [title] => Recontextualizing the threat of death penalty for homosexuality in Uganda [timestamp] => 1682985600 [date] => 02/05/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/recontextualizing-the-threat-of-death-penalty-for-homosexuality-in-uganda/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/uganda-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On Tuesday March 21, the Ugandan parliament passed a law that severely criminalizes people who have consensual same-sex relations. At the end of April, the law had still not been validated by the President Museveni. Among a range of harsh penalties, the law would allow the death penalty for the crime of « aggravated homosexuality […] [texte] => On Tuesday March 21, the Ugandan parliament passed a law that severely criminalizes people who have consensual same-sex relations. At the end of April, the law had still not been validated by the President Museveni. Among a range of harsh penalties, the law would allow the death penalty for the crime of « aggravated homosexuality ». (more…) "Recontextualizing the threat of death penalty for homosexuality in Uganda" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [310] => Array ( [objectID] => 21508 [title] => The Fear of Too Much Justice : Race, Poverty, and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Courts [timestamp] => 1682035200 [date] => 21/04/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-fear-of-too-much-justice-race-poverty-and-the-persistence-of-inequality-in-the-criminal-courts/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In The Fear of Too Much Justice, legendary death penalty lawyer Stephen B. Bright and legal scholar James Kwak offer a heart-wrenching overview of how the criminal legal system fails to live up to the values of equality and justice. The book ranges from poor people squeezed for cash by private probation companies because of trivial violations to people executed in violation of the Constitution despite overwhelming evidence of intellectual disability or mental illness. They also show examples from around the country of places that are making progress toward justice.With a foreword by Bryan Stevenson, who worked for Bright at the Southern Center for Human Rights and credits him for “[breaking] down the issues with the death penalty simply but persuasively,” The Fear of Too Much Justice offers a timely, trenchant, firsthand critique of our criminal courts and points the way toward a more just future.Available: June 2023 [texte] => The Fear of Too Much JusticeRace, Poverty, and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Courts Stephen B. Bright James Kwak With a foreword by Bryan StevensonA legendary lawyer and a legal scholar reveal the structural failures that undermine justice in our criminal courts“An urgently needed analysis of our collective failure to confront and overcome racial bias and bigotry, the abuse of power, and the multiple ways in which the death penalty’s profound unfairness requires its abolition. You will discover Steve Bright’s passion, brilliance, dedication, and tenacity when you read these pages.”—from the foreword by Bryan StevensonGlenn Ford, a Black man, spent thirty years on Louisiana’s death row for a crime he did not commit. He was released in 2014—and given twenty dollars—when prosecutors admitted they did not have a case against him.Ford’s trial was a travesty. One of his court-appointed lawyers specialized in oil and gas law and had never tried a case. The other had been out of law school for only two years. They had no funds for investigation or experts. The prosecution struck all the Black prospective jurors to get the all-white jury that sentenced Ford to death.In The Fear of Too Much Justice, legendary death penalty lawyer Stephen B. Bright and legal scholar James Kwak offer a heart-wrenching overview of how the criminal legal system fails to live up to the values of equality and justice. The book ranges from poor people squeezed for cash by private probation companies because of trivial violations to people executed in violation of the Constitution despite overwhelming evidence of intellectual disability or mental illness. They also show examples from around the country of places that are making progress toward justice.With a foreword by Bryan Stevenson, who worked for Bright at the Southern Center for Human Rights and credits him for “[breaking] down the issues with the death penalty simply but persuasively,” The Fear of Too Much Justice offers a timely, trenchant, firsthand critique of our criminal courts and points the way toward a more just future. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://thenewpress.com/books/fear-of-too-much-justice ) [311] => Array ( [objectID] => 21545 [title] => Dealing with Punishment: Risks and Rewards in Indonesia’s Illicit Drug Trade [timestamp] => 1681776000 [date] => 18/04/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dealing-with-punishment-risks-and-rewards-in-indonesias-illicit-drug-trade/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2020-2021, The Death Penalty Project, in partnership with Community Legal Aid Institute, LBH Masyarakat, commissioned The Death Penalty Research Unit (DPRU) at the University of Oxford, in association with University Centre of Excellence HIV/AIDS Research Centre-HPSI at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia (AJCU), to conduct the research building empirical knowledge on who is being convicted for drug offences and uncover the factors that have influenced their motivations and decision making. Interviews were conducted on 57 prisoners from a prison in Jakrata, Indonesia, all convicted for drug offences. This is the first stage of a larger mapping project, which will interview those convicted of drug offences and sentenced to death or life in prisons across Indonesia and Southeast Asia. It also compliments our two part opinion study on attitudes on capital punishment in Indonesia. [texte] => Dealing withPunishment: Risks andRewards in Indonesia’sIllicit Drug TradeCarolyn Hoylewith assistance from Arie Rahadi, LucreziaRizzelli and Amalia Puri Handayani© 2022 The authorsAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or anyinformation storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors.Copies of this report may be obtained from:The Death Penalty Project87-91 Newman StreetLondonW1T 3EYwww.deathpenaltyproject.organdLBH MasyarakatTebet Timur Dalam VI E No.3Jakarta Selatan 12820Indonesialbhmasyarakat.orgISBN: 978-1-8384709-2-0We wish to acknowledge the support of, and continued partnerships with, Community Legal AidInstitute, LBH Masyarakat, the University Centre of Excellence HIV/AIDS Research Centre-HPSIat Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, the Human Rights Resource Centre at the University ofIndonesia, and the Death Penalty Research Unit at the University of Oxford.Special thanks to Muhammad Afif and Albert Wirya, at LBH Masyarakat. This work would not bepossible without their support and involvement. Thanks are also due to the team at Atma Jaya CatholicUniversity, Evi Sukmaningrum, Ignatius Praptoraharjo and Arie Rahadi, who were instrumental indesigning the instrument and ensuring the research was completed. We are also grateful to Amalia PuriHandayani, Josephine Tahasy Barakah and Bonike Islam Mustaqiem for conducting the fieldwork.Jeffrey Fagan, Claudia Stoicescu and Ricky Gunawan were also part of the team, and provided insightfuladvice throughout. Thank you to Miki Salman for his assistance in translating the research findings intoBahasa. Finally, we are very grateful to Carolyn Hoyle, who we commissioned to conduct the study, andLucrezia Rizzelli, who assisted the author in all stages of design, analysis and writing of the report.This report was made possible by funds awarded to The Death Penalty Project from the European Union,the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, and the John Fell Fund fromthe University of Oxford. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of The Death PenaltyProject and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union, the Foreign, Commonwealth andDevelopment Office, or the John Fell Fund. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/dealing-with-punishment-risks-and-rewards-in-indonesias-illicit-drug-trade-2/ ) [312] => Array ( [objectID] => 21541 [title] => Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran 2022 [timestamp] => 1681344000 [date] => 13/04/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 15th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, by Iran Human Rights and ECPM reveals the highest annual number of executions since 2015. At least 582 people were executed, an increase of 75% compared to 2021. In 2022, Iran’s authorities demonstrated how crucial the death penalty is to instil societal fear in order to hold onto power. [texte] => Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) andECPM have been working togethersince 2011 for the international releaseand circulation of the Annual Reporton the Death Penalty in Iran. IHRNGOand ECPM see the death penalty asa benchmark for the human rightssituation in the Islamic Republic of Iran.Raphaël Chenuil-HazanExecutive DirectorECPM62 bis avenue Parmentier75011 Paris, Francerchenuil@ecpm.orgwww.ecpm.orgMahmood Amiry-MoghaddamDirectorIran Human RightsP.O.Box 2635 Solli0204 Oslo, Norwaymail@iranhr.netwww.iranhr.netANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2022In 2022, an alarming surge in recorded executions in Iran saw the highest toll since 2015.Executions increased by 75% compared to 2021, and essential reforms to the Anti-NarcoticsLaw adopted in 2017 have been severely reversed in practice. Ethnic minorities were grosslyoverrepresented in execution numbers, and at least three juvenile offenders and 16 women wereamongst those executed. Following the start of the nationwide protests sparked by the policekilling of Jina (Mahsa) Amini, protesters were prosecuted in show trials at the RevolutionaryCourts following systematic torture to force confessions. Proceedings were characterised bydenial of access to lawyers, lack of due process and violations of the right to a fair trial andhave so far led to the execution of four protesters. With this report, we call on the internationalcommunity to increase efforts to support the demands of the Iranian people for respect oftheir fundamental human rights and the abolition of the death penalty.ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTYIN IRAN 2022ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2022© IHR, ECPM, 2023ISBN : 978-2-491354-22-0ISSN : 2966-80932 3ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2022ANNUALREPORTON THEDEATHPENALTYIN IRAN2022Cover photo: A creative protest against executions of the protesters Mohsen Shekariand Majidreza Rahnavard at Alzahra University in Tehran on 13 December 2022.Back photo: Protesters Mohsen Shekari, 22 (right) and Majidreza Rahnavard, 23 (left)were executed on December 8 and 12, respectively after grossly unfair show trials bythe Revolutionary Court in Mashhad and Tehran. Majidreza’s execution was carried outin public.This report has been drafted by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) withthe support of ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). Since2012, Iran Human Rights 1 and ECPM 2 have been working togetherfor the publication, international release and distribution of annualreports on the death penalty in Iran.Editor: L. TarighiLayout: Olivier Dechaud (ECPM)Printing: Imprim’ad hoc© IHRNGO, ECPM, 2022ISBN : 978-2-491354-22-0ISSN : 2966-80931 http://iranhr.net/en/2 http://www.ecpm.org/en/ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/articles/5814/ ) [313] => Array ( [objectID] => 21493 [title] => Silently Silenced: State-Sanctioned Killing of Women [timestamp] => 1680134400 [date] => 30/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/silently-silenced-state-sanctioned-killing-of-women/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Silently Silenced: State-Sanctioned Killing of Women examines States’ involvement in ‘feminicide’. Feminicide is understood as the gender-motivated killing of women and girls that States actively engage in, condone, excuse, or fail to prevent. We use the term ‘feminicide’ to refer to the various forms of State-sanctioned killing of women and girls. In this report, we outline States’ direct involvement and complicity in the killings of women and girls and explain these deaths as a product of gendered forms of structural violence upheld and sustained by the State. We examine 3 types of feminicide: gender- related killings of women directly perpetrated by the State, such as the death penalty and extrajudicial killings; gender-related killings of women committed by non-State actors that are excused or condoned by the State; and gender-related killings of women that the State failed to prevent. [texte] => 34TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgements ......................................................................................................... 6Foreword ........................................................................................................................ 7Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 9Scope of the Report ...................................................................................................... 12Feminicide: State-Sanctioned Killing of Women .................................................................. 12Data ................................................................................................................................................. 13Structure of the Report ............................................................................................................... 14Section 1: Gendered Nature of the Death Penalty: In Law and Practice ........................ 17Women Under Sentence of Death ........................................................................................... 17Extramarital Sex ............................................................................................................................ 18Same-Sex Intimacy ....................................................................................................................... 20Homicide ........................................................................................................................................ 20Drug Offences............................................................................................................................... 21Sorcery............................................................................................................................................. 22Political Offences.......................................................................................................................... 23Section 2: Women Facing the Death Penalty ................................................................. 26On Death Row .............................................................................................................................. 26From overcrowding to solitary confinement ..................................................................... 27Access to food and water ....................................................................................................... 28Access to health care ............................................................................................................... 28Mothers on death row with their children .......................................................................... 29Activities in prison ................................................................................................................... 30Contact with family and community.................................................................................... 31Gender-based violence on death row .................................................................................. 32Histories of Gender-Based Violence ....................................................................................... 32Pathways to offending ............................................................................................................. 32Gender-based violence during detention and before arrest ........................................... 33Dismissal of gender-based violence by courts ................................................................... 34Overturning Convictions of Women Sentenced to Death in Cameroon: A Lawyer’sPerspective .................................................................................................................... 37My Journey ..................................................................................................................................... 37Challenges....................................................................................................................................... 38Strategies ......................................................................................................................................... 38Overturning Convictions ............................................................................................................ 38Section 3: State Complicity in Feminicide ...................................................................... 41Different Forms of Feminicide ................................................................................................. 41Killings perpetrated by the state ................................................................................................ 41Killings by law enforcement and security forces ............................................................... 42Killings by insurrectional groups .......................................................................................... 42Killings Enabled by the State ..................................................................................................... 44Honour killings ......................................................................................................................... 44Criminalisation of abortion leading to maternal mortality .............................................. 475State Failure to Prevent Killings ................................................................................................ 48Female genital mutilation leading to death ......................................................................... 48Dowry-related killings ............................................................................................................. 49Witchcraft-related killings....................................................................................................... 50Section 4: The Use of the Death Penalty to ‘Protect’ Women........................................ 54Capital Rape Laws ........................................................................................................................ 54Narrative Used to Justify the Death Penalty for Rape ......................................................... 56Why the Death Penalty is Not the Answer to Rape ............................................................. 57Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 61Gendered Forms of Structural Violence as Predictor of Feminicide ............................... 61The Death Penalty as a Form of Feminicide.......................................................................... 62Other Forms of Feminicide ....................................................................................................... 63Appendices ................................................................................................................... 66Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 78About the Authors ........................................................................................................ 86About Eleos Justice ....................................................................................................... 89About the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide .......................................... 90APPENDICESAppendix 1: List of Interviewees ................................................................................... 66Appendix 2: Case Notes ................................................................................................ 67Appendix 3: Capital Rape Offences by Country ............................................................ 736ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAuthorsWe would like to thank everyone who shared their expertise, insight, and experience withus from across the globe: Adeeba Kamarulzaman (Universiti Malaya), Aisya Humaida(LBH Masyarakat), Angela Uwandu (Avocats Sans Frontieres France Nigeria), AuréliePlaçais (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty), Dobby Chew (Anti-Death PenaltyAsia Network), Esther Bashugi Ntumulo (Nouvelle Dynamique pour le DéveloppementIntégral de Kalehe) (NDDIKa), Fakhra Irshad (Justice Project Pakistan), Funke Adeoye(Hope Behind Bars), Kelly Gleason (Tennessee Office of the Post-ConvictionDefender), Maitreyi Misra (Project 39A), Méline Szwarcberg (World Coalition Againstthe Death Penalty), Michelle Umaña (Public Defender Office of Ohio), Pamela Nwune(The Inclusion Project), Randy Spivey (Tennessee Office of the Post-ConvictionDefender), and Zainab Mahboob (Justice Project Pakistan).We are extremely grateful to Nestor Toko (Droits et Paix) for writing a short note forthis report about his experience of working representing women under the sentence ofdeath in Cameroon.Thank you also to Cristóbal Olivares, Emmalene Blake, European Pressphoto Agency,Nic Bothma, Sheida Soleimani, and Walter Astrada for letting us use your powerfulimages.We benefited enormously from thoughtful feedback, research and editorial assistance onearlier versions of this report. Many thanks to Bebe Loff, Chelsea Halstead, Mike Hough,Ryan Beckmand, Sally Anderson, Sara Kowal, and Thomas Tapmeier.We are grateful to Great Dreams Consulting for the design and layout of this report.We received generous funding from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs andTrade, Laini Liberman and Ben Rozenes, and the Faculty of Law, Monash University.7FOREWORDBy Morris Tidball-BinzUnited Nations Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary ExecutionsOver 40 years ago, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discriminationagainst Women came into force, with the aim of bringing half of humanity into its scope,ensuring the equal rights of men and women to enjoy all economic, social, cultural, civiland political rights. Women’s right to vote [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/report/Silently_Silenced_State-Sanctioned_Killing_of_Women/22357627 ) [314] => Array ( [objectID] => 21410 [title] => Moratorium Stays in Place in Sri Lanka and Anti-Death Penalty Petitioners Secure an Official Record in Court Proceedings to Protect Future Rights [timestamp] => 1679961600 [date] => 28/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moratorium-stays-in-place-in-sri-lanka/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sri-lanka-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Petitioners challenging the potential resumption of executions in Sri Lanka experienced received reassuring news on 23 February 2023 when the Attorney General of Sri Lanka reported to the Supreme Court that the incumbent President Ranil Wickremesinghe has agreed to not implement executions during his tenure. [texte] => Petitioners challenging the potential resumption of executions in Sri Lanka experienced received reassuring news on 23 February 2023 when the Attorney General of Sri Lanka reported to the Supreme Court that the incumbent President Ranil Wickremesinghe has agreed to not implement executions during his tenure. (more…) "Moratorium Stays in Place in Sri Lanka and Anti-Death Penalty Petitioners Secure an Official Record in Court Proceedings to Protect Future Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [315] => Array ( [objectID] => 21400 [title] => Prisoner’s Future Foundation [timestamp] => 1679961600 [date] => 28/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/prisoners-future-foundation/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/pff-logo.jpg [extrait] => Prisoners’ Future Foundation (PFF) is a local non-governmental Ministry of Community Development and Social Services (MCDSS) following government enforcing the NGO Act of 2009 of the laws of Zambia. PFF has in the past handled both advocacy and service delivery, in responding to the needs of currently and formally incarcerated people and citizens who have […] [texte] => Prisoners’ Future Foundation (PFF) is a local non-governmental Ministry of Community Development and Social Services (MCDSS) following government enforcing the NGO Act of 2009 of the laws of Zambia. PFF has in the past handled both advocacy and service delivery, in responding to the needs of currently and formally incarcerated people and citizens who have generally come in conflict with the law.The purpose of Prisoners Future Foundation(PFF) is to contribute to the improved welfare of inmates and ex-inmates through providing them with legal services, support to their rehabilitation, empowerment and integration. Further, PFF supports the mitigation of climate change by contributing to correctionalfacilities putting into place environmental management measures.Its Strategic Intervention Areas include improved access to justice and rehabilitation of inmates; re-integration and empowerment of ex-inmates; creation of environment friendly correctional facilities; and institutional development of PFF.PFF’s vision is a society in which there is equal access to justice for inmates and ex-inmates, respect for human rights, observance of the rule of aw and a sustainable and pollution-free environment. PFF’s mission is to provide legal services as a means of promoting human rights to inmates and their rehabilitation while empowering and integrating ex-inmates into society. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [316] => Array ( [objectID] => 21376 [title] => Azerbaijan signs European Protocol for abolition in all circumstances, but still need to ratify it [timestamp] => 1679961600 [date] => 28/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/azerbaijan-signs-european-protocol-for-abolition-in-all-circumstances-but-still-need-to-ratify-it/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/azerbaijan-2023-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 8 March 2023, Azerbaijan signed Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. [texte] => On 8 March 2023, Azerbaijan signed Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. (more…) "Azerbaijan signs European Protocol for abolition in all circumstances, but still need to ratify it" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Azerbaijan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [317] => Array ( [objectID] => 21352 [title] => Seven Winters in Teheran [timestamp] => 1679616000 [date] => 24/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/seven-winters-in-teheran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the summer of 2007, an older man approaches Reyhaneh Jabbari and asks the architecture student who has a side job as an interior decorator for her help in the design of offices. During the site inspection, he tries to rape her. Reyhaneh stabs him in self-defence. She is arrested for murder and sentenced to death. Reyhaneh was to spend the next seven years in prison while her family hired lawyers and made the public aware of the case. However, in spite of the efforts of national and international politicians and human rights organisations, the Iranian judiciary continued to cite the “right of blood-revenge”. This meant that, as long as Reyhaneh did not withdraw her accusations against the man, his family could demand her death. Reyhaneh stuck to her testimony and was hanged at the age of 26.In her moving and shockingly topical documentary debut, director Steffi Niederzoll uses among other things original audio and visual material that was smuggled out of Iran. This film, in which Holy Spider actor Zar Amir Ebrahimi lends Reyhaneh her voice, makes visible the injustice in Iranian society and portrays an involuntary heroine who gave her life in the fight for women’s rights. [texte] => Jump to the contentBackSieben Winter in TeheranPerspektive Deutsches KinoDatesIn the summer of 2007, an older man approaches Reyhaneh Jabbari and asks the architecture student who has a side job as an interior decorator for her help in the design of offices. During the site inspection, he tries to rape her. Reyhaneh stabs him in self-defence. She is arrested for murder and sentenced to death. Reyhaneh was to spend the next seven years in prison while her family hired lawyers and made the public aware of the case. However, in spite of the efforts of national and international politicians and human rights organisations, the Iranian judiciary continued to cite the “right of blood-revenge”. This meant that, as long as Reyhaneh did not withdraw her accusations against the man, his family could demand her death. Reyhaneh stuck to her testimony and was hanged at the age of 26.In her moving and shockingly topical documentary debut, director Steffi Niederzoll uses among other things original audio and visual material that was smuggled out of Iran. This film, in which Holy Spider actor Zar Amir Ebrahimi lends Reyhaneh her voice, makes visible the injustice in Iranian society and portrays an involuntary heroine who gave her life in the fight for women’s rights.by Steffi Niederzollwith Reyhaneh Jabbari, Shole Pakravan, Fereydoon Jabbari, Shahrzad Jabbari, Sharare JabbariGermany / France 2023Farsi, Subtitles: English, German97’World premiere | Debut film | Documentary FormWith Reyhaneh Jabbari Shole Pakravan Fereydoon Jabbari Shahrzad Jabbari Sharare Jabbari Parvaneh Hajilou Mohammad Mostafaei Samira Mokarrami Zar Amir Ebrahimi (Voice of Reyhaneh)CrewDirectorSteffi NiederzollScreenplaySteffi NiederzollCinematographyJulia DaschnerEditingNicole KortlükeMusicFlemming NordkrogSound DesignAndreas HildebrandtSoundCésar Fernández BorrásProduction DesignMiren OllerMake-UpM. GolAssistant DirectorStefan KriekhausProduction ManagerSvenja HeinrichsProducersKnut Losen, Melanie AndernachCo-ProducersLaurent Lavolé, Gilles Sacuto, Miléna PoyloExecutive ProducersStina Ataeian, Céline Loiseau, Eva LassCo-ProductionTS Productions, ParisGloria Films, ParisWDR, KölnProduced byMade in Germany FilmproduktionKöln, Germanymadeingermany-film.de madeingermany-film.deWorld SalesCercamonwww.cercamon.biz www.cercamon.bizPhotosIn FocusSteffi NiederzollBorn in Nuremberg, Germany in 1981, she studied audiovisual media at the Academy of Media Arts Cologne and at the Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televisión in Cuba. Her short films have screened successfully at international festivals; her medium-length film Lea was selected for the 2008 Perspektive Deutsches Kino. She is an alumna of several masterclasses and won a scholarship to the Tarabya Cultural Academy in Türkiye. Alongside her film work, she is also involved in interdisciplinary artistic work. Sieben Winter in Teheran is her debut feature-length documentary.Filmography2004 Petuhtanten; short film 2005 Como si el Paisje Pasara; short film 2006 A Summer Long; short film 2008 Lea; medium-length film 2023 Sieben Winter in Teheran (Seven Winters in Tehran); documentaryDatesFri Feb 17 10:30InternationalScreening for press and industry professionals | With accreditation onlyFri Feb 17 19:00InternationalOpening Perspektive Deutsches KinoSat Feb 18 10:00Cubix 6Q&A after the film with German Sign Language InterpreterSat Feb 18 18:30Bundesplatz-KinoBerlinale Goes KiezSun Feb 19 21:30Filmtheater am FriedrichshainCompass-Perspektive-Award - Screening of the Award-Winning FilmSieben Winter in TeheranFri Feb 24 19:00InternationalBefore the Screening: Award Ceremony of Kompagnon Fellowship and Compass-Perspektive-AwardSat Feb 25 19:00InternationalInstitutional FundingPrincipal PartnersCo-Partners Contact Anti-Discrimination Imprint Privacy Policy Newsletter B2B Jobs Social Media Code of Conduct Dates [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202302785.html ) [318] => Array ( [objectID] => 21349 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2022 [timestamp] => 1679616000 [date] => 24/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our twelfth on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international standards. As of December 2022, Harm Reduction International (HRI) recorded at least 285 executions for drug offences globally during the year, a 118% increase from 2021, and an 850% increase from 2020. Executions for drug offences are confirmed or assumed to have taken place in six countries: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, plus in China, North Korea and Vietnam – on which exact figures cannot be provided because of extreme opacity. Therefore, this figure is likely to reflect only a percentage of all drug-related executions worldwide. Confirmed death sentences for drug offences were also on the rise; with at least 303 people sentenced to death in 18 countries. This marks a 28% increase from 2021. [texte] => HRI - Harm Reduction International who we are our work flagship research resources get involved HRI Conference 2023The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2022download full reportmain findings35countries still retain the death penalty for drug offences285+people executed in 2022303+death sentences imposed in 20223700+people on death row for drug offences worldwidefull reportShare this postIntroductionHarm Reduction International has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our twelfth on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international standards.Executive SummaryThe Global Overview 2021 revealed that 2021 had ended as a year of mixed progress. On one side, the number of countries executing people for drug crimes had reached a decade-low, owing mostly to a halt in drug-related executions in Saudi Arabia and, to some extent, the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other side, a significant increase in confirmed executions had been recorded, largely attributable to a surge in Iran. In the course of 2022, the situation sharply deteriorated.As of December 2022, Harm Reduction International (HRI) recorded at least 285 executions for drug offences globally during the year, a 118% increase from 2021, and an 850% increase from 2020. Executions for drug offences are confirmed or assumed to have taken place in six countries: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, plus in China, North Korea and Vietnam – on which exact figures cannot be provided because of extreme opacity. Therefore, this figure is likely to reflect only a percentage of all drug-related executions worldwide. Confirmed death sentences for drug offences were also on the rise; with at least 303 people sentenced to death in 18 countries. This marks a 28% increase from 2021.These setbacks were not completely unexpected, nor unpredictable. After defending its barbaric policy on the death penalty throughout 2021, Singapore issued execution warrants against individuals convicted of drug trafficking in February 2022. These were eventually stayed after legal appeals and pleas from families and civil society, but more execution warrants quickly followed. In Saudi Arabia, civil society had warned of the risk of resumption in drug-related executions since the partial moratorium was announced in 2021. When the Kingdom carried out the worst mass execution in its history in March 2022, the risk became even more apparent. Similarly, Iranian civil society warned of the risk of a spike in executions, absent persistent international pressure.This regression was met with robust resistance, as 2022 also featured strong activism from civil society and victims’ families. In Singapore, a wave of protests kicked off – one that has rarely been seen in the country due to extreme limitations on assemblies and routine intimidation of activists. This reaffirmed the key role of civil society in promoting the abolition of the death penalty. The same activism materialised online. Groups such as the Transformative Justice Collective shed light on the vulnerability and marginalisation of those facing execution (thus countering the over-simplistic narrative of the state);7 and launched the ‘Stop the Killings’8 campaign for a moratorium on the use of capital punishment. These initiatives were met with hostility and reprisals by the government. Singaporean human rights defenders were interrogated for potential offences under the Public Order Act 2009 for their advocacy work against the death penalty – a case later dropped;9 while lawyers representing people on death row faced arbitrary disciplinary action and were ordered to pay prohibitive costs for failed applications.10 The Singaporean government also publicly responded to those criticising the resumption in executions, including a UN Special Procedure mandate holder and civil society groups.11Similar hostility towards human rights defenders was also observed in Bangladesh, where the government cancelled the NGO licence of Odhikar, a prominent NGO already under significant pressure, and virtually the only group monitoring and reporting on the use of capital punishment in the country. While not directly related to the organisation’s anti-death penalty work, this new attack risks further limiting the availability of information on capital punishment in a country where transparency is already lacking.In Iran, families of people on death row reportedly confronted an increasingly repressive state apparatus by carrying out peaceful protests against the rising number of executions. In response, some were arrested and detained.In the context of these regressive trends, institutional actors and fellow states have failed to adequately respond. The death penalty for drug offences received some attention in intergovernmental fora throughout 2022 (including within a UN Secretary General’s report to the Human Rights Council).14 Some executions were met with statements of condemnation from various actors, including the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the European Union, and other diplomatic missions. But, these responses were largely ad-hoc and symbolic, and widely insufficient. In addition, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) – the only UN agency with an explicit mandate on drug-related matters – failed to take any public position on this practice for the second year in a row. The fact that these blatant violations of international standards and official commitments avoided almost all political, diplomatic, or economic repercussions sends a dangerous message to retentionist countries that executions, and therefore death sentences, can continue with impunity.While more countries abolished the death penalty in 2022, the use of capital punishment for drug offences is going in a markedly different direction, impinging on the likelihood of achieving global abolition. Despite the adoption of a new UN General Assembly Resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, with historic support from 125 countries (compared to 123 in 2020), known executions for drug offences are back to amounting to over 30% of all global executions – the highest recorded figures since 2017.These figures are a call to action to all actors involved in the fight for abolition, but primarily to governments and to intergovernmental actors: to acknowledge the barrier that punitive drug policies represent for the global fight towards abolition, and to identify and pursue new, influential strategies to promote the respect of international standards on the death penalty.+−LeafletHigh application statesLow application statesSymbolic application statesInsufficient dataRelated resourcesExplore FurtherStatement21 March 202352nd HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL: STATEMENT ON IRANStatement28 February 202352nd HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL: STATEMENT ON THE DEATH PENALTYSubmission22 April 2022Calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty 2022Report10 March 2022The Death Penalty For Drug Offences: Global Overview 2021Report1 October 2015The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2015Report27 November 2012Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2012Report14 September 2011The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2011Report10 December 2007The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2007Explore FurtherDon't miss our eventsand publicationsSubscribe to our newsletterEMAIL ADDRESSWe use cookies to give the best experience on our site. By continuing to browse our site, you agree to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time. View our privacy policy.Who we are What is Harm Reduction? About Us People Contact VacanciesOUR WORK Drugs and Health Drugs and Human Rights Funding for Harm Reduction Intersectional Movementsconferences Harm Reduction International Conference ConstellationsFlagship research The Global State of Harm Reduction The Death Penalty for Drug Offences Funding Landscape for Harm Reductionresourcesfollow usaccessibility | privacy policy© 2022 Harm Reduction International [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [2] => Indonesia [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Malaysia [5] => Saudi Arabia [6] => Singapore [7] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://hri.global/flagship-research/death-penalty/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2022/ ) [319] => Array ( [objectID] => 21344 [title] => Crossing the River Styx, The Memoir of a Death Row Chaplain [timestamp] => 1679616000 [date] => 24/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/crossing-the-river-styx-the-memoir-of-a-death-row-chaplain/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Reverend Russ Ford, who served as the head chaplain on Virginia’s death row for eighteen years, raged against the inequities of the death penalty—now outlawed in Virginia—while ministering to the men condemned to die in the 1980s and 1990s. Ford stood watch with twenty-eight men, sitting with them in the squalid death house during the final days and hours of their lives. In July 1990 he accidentally almost became the 245th person killed by Virginia’s electric chair as he comforted Ricky Boggs in his last moments, a vivid episode that opens this haunting book. Many chaplains get to know the condemned men only in these final moments. Ford, however, spent years working with the men of Virginia’s death row, forging close bonds with the condemned and developing a nuanced understanding of their crimes, their early struggles, and their challenges behind bars. His unusual ministry makes this memoir a unique and compelling read, a moving and unflinching portrait of Virginia’s death row inmates. Revealing the cruelties of the state-sanctioned violence that has until recently prevailed in our backyard, Crossing the River Styx serves as a cautionary tale for those who still support capital punishment. [texte] => Former prison chaplain Russ Ford offers the reader a harrowing looking inside Virginia's death row. Anyone who wants to understand the moral and spiritual carnage of capital punishment needs to read this book. Russ Ford’s journey is soul-stirring. It moved me to tears. I assume that’s what is hoped for in a Minister, but it too rarely works out that way. As a Death Row Chaplain, Ford’s ministry is to the hopeless and the misbegotten, the condemned, those written off by the rest of us. Unlike some, Ford doesn’t phone it in. He treats those in his care, "the worst of the worst," as our system would have it, with respect; he honors their humanity and grants them their dignity. And in the process, he ignites souls long dormant. In Crossing the River Styx, he opens the door to Hell and invites you in. I urge you to summon the courage to join him.- Mike Farrell (Captain BJ Hunnicutt), M*A*S*H television show, author of Just Call Me Mike; A Journey to Actorand Activist From the first page of Russ Ford's Crossing the River Styx, you know you are reading something special. Ford draws on his years of experience as a prison chaplain to reflect on the spiritual lives of death row inmates, as well as his own spiritual growth and difficulties. The great Oscar Romero said, 'The word of God is like the light of the sun. It illuminates beautiful things, but also things which we would rather not see,' and Ford, through his ministry, gives us a glimpse into the minds of murderers and the horrific conditions in Virginia's prisons, but also moments of grace and redemption.- Matthew Shadle, Marymount University, author of The Origins of War: A Catholic PerspectiveWelcome back to the UVA Press Author's Corner! Here, we feature conversations with the authors of our latest releases to provide a glimpse into the writer's mind, their book's main lessons, and what’s next for them. We hope you enjoy these inside stories.related imageToday, we are happy to bring you our conversation with Todd C. Peppers, co-author of CROSSING THE RIVER STYX:The Memoir of a Death Row Chaplain.What inspired you to write this book? First, I wanted to co-author this book in order to pull back the curtain and show the reader the hidden world of death row; I firmly believe that most people who support capital punishment have no idea of the moral, economic and human cost of state-sanctioned death. Second of all, I wanted to tell the story of Russ Ford - a wonderful human being who dedicated himself to the men of the row.What did you learn and what are you hoping readers will learn from your book? I want the readers to learn how the death penalty hurts so many people - from the condemned men and their families to the spiritual advisors who are often the only loving face present on death row and in the death house. And I hope the readers understand what Sister Helen Prejean has often observed about capital punishment - it is easy to kill a monster but hard to kill a human being.What surprised you the most in the process of writing your book? My biggest surprise came from working with Russ Ford. Every time I thought that I'd "heard it all" in terms of the brutality of the death penalty, Russ would come up with another example.What’s your favorite anecdote from your book?Severely mentally disabled death row inmate Morris Mason telling Russ Ford, shortly before he entered the execution chamber, to tell the rest of the men on the row that he was going to beat them at basketball after he was "done here." Morris didn't even comprehend the consequences of being executed.What’s next? I'm in the early stages of doing research for a biography of Chief Justice Warren Burger. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5811/ ) [320] => Array ( [objectID] => 21261 [title] => International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) [timestamp] => 1678752000 [date] => 14/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-bar-associations-human-rights-institute-ibahri/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IBA-Logo.jpg [extrait] => The International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) works with the global legal community to promote and protect human rights and the independence of the legal profession worldwide. The IBAHRI is an autonomous and substantively independent entity of the International Bar Association (IBA), the world’s leading organisation of international legal practitioners, bar associations and law […] [texte] => The International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) works with the global legal community to promote and protect human rights and the independence of the legal profession worldwide.The IBAHRI is an autonomous and substantively independent entity of the International Bar Association (IBA), the world’s leading organisation of international legal practitioners, bar associations and law societies. The IBA has a membership of over 80,000 individual lawyers, and 190 bar associations and law societies, spanning over 160 countries.On 15 May 2008, the IBAHRI Council adopted its Resolution on the Abolition of the Death Penalty, which considers, inter alia, the clear trend towards viewing the death penalty as a breach of international human rights standards, as well as committing the IBAHRI to actively promoting the abolition of the death penalty.The IBAHRI opposes and condemns the death penalty in all circumstances. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [321] => Array ( [objectID] => 21253 [title] => UN High Level Panel on the death penalty and limitation to the most serious crimes [timestamp] => 1678752000 [date] => 14/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-high-level-panel-on-the-death-penalty-and-limitation-to-the-most-serious-crimes/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On February 28 2023, the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council held its biennial high-level panel on the issue of the death penalty. [texte] => On February 28 2023, the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council held its biennial high-level panel on the issue of the death penalty. (more…) "UN High Level Panel on the death penalty and limitation to the most serious crimes" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [322] => Array ( [objectID] => 21236 [title] => Podcasts recomendations [timestamp] => 1678752000 [date] => 14/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/podcasts-recomendations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Podcasts or series of podcasts by our members Broken Law Podcast Hosted by the staff of the American Constitution Society. Episode 23: How the World Views the Death Penalty Released on: Nov. 09, 2021 Listen to Podcast ADPAN Podcasts Series of podcasts hosted by The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network Listen to Podcast Other podcasts to […] [texte] => Podcasts or series of podcasts by our members Broken Law Podcast Hosted by the staff of the American Constitution Society. Episode 23: How the World Views the Death Penalty Released on: Nov. 09, 2021 Listen to Podcast ADPAN Podcasts Series of podcasts hosted by The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network Listen to Podcast /* Container for all cards */ .card-container { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; align-items: stretch; animation: appear 0.5s ease-in-out forwards; } /* Card styles */ .card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin: 4%; width: 42%; background-color: #fff; box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); border-radius: 10px; overflow: hidden; transition: transform 0.3s ease-in-out, opacity 0.3s ease-in-out; } /* Card hover effect */ .card:hover { transform: translateY(-10px); } /* Card image styles */ .card-image img { width: 100%; height: auto; object-fit: cover; } /* Card content styles */ .card-content { padding: 4% 8% 6%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; height: 100%; } .card-content h3 { margin-top: 0; } .card-content p { margin: 0 0 1em 0; } .card-content a.podcast-cta { display: inline-block; padding: 2% 5%; background-color: #333; color: #fff; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 5px; font-weight: bold; transition: background-color 0.3s ease-in-out; margin-top:6%; } .card-content a.podcast-cta:hover { background-color: #555; } /* Animation styles */ @keyframes appear { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); } } /* Responsive styles */ @media (max-width: 768px) { .card { width: 100%; height: auto; } }Other podcasts to discover DPIC Podcasts Series of podcasts hosted by the Death penalty Information Center Discover DPIC podcasts about issues relating to the death penalty. Listen to Podcast Africa Daily Hosted by Alan Kasujja for the BBC "Is the death penalty on its way out?" Released on: Aug. 04, 2021 Listen to Podcast Higher Callings® Hosted by Donald Frederico "The Power to Effect Change": Clinical Professor of Law Sandra Babcock and the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide Released on: Feb. 4, 2023 Listen to Podcast The Comb Hosted by Kim Chakanetsa for the BBC "Not guilty": episode about false accusation and imprisonment in Malawi Released on: Mar. 10, 2023 Listen to Podcast Murderville Hosted by senior Intercept reporters Liliana Segura and Jordan Smith Murderville examines the systemic failures that lead to wrongful convictions. First Released on: Nov. 19, 2018 Listen to Podcast The Women Beyond Walls podcast Hosted by Sabrina Mahtani Women Beyond Walls is a podcast that takes you beyond tired prison stereotypes to listen to real-life stories from incredible individuals – women with lived experience of the justice system, feminist lawyers, activists and experts – all committed to seeing an end to the over-incarceration and over-criminalization of women worldwide. First Released on: Nov. 2021 Listen to Podcast [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [323] => Array ( [objectID] => 21348 [title] => The Mercy Workers, Death Penalty Mitigation Specialists [timestamp] => 1677715200 [date] => 02/03/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-mercy-workers-death-penalty-mitigation-specialists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For three decades, a little-known group of “mitigation specialists” has helped save death-penalty defendants in the USA by documenting their childhood traumas. A rare look inside one case. [texte] => Nonprofit journalism about criminal justiceSearchAboutNewslettersDonate Spring Membership DriveOur investigative journalism often sparks change by shining a light on injustice. Your donations make it possible. Support independent, nonprofit journalism by becoming a member of The Marshall Project today.donateFiled 6:00 a.m.03.02.2023FeatureThe Mercy WorkersFor three decades, a little-known group of “mitigation specialists” has helped save death-penalty defendants by documenting their childhood traumas. A rare look inside one case.Collage by Melanie Garcia for The Marshall Project.By Maurice ChammahThe first mystery was who could have done such a thing, who could leave someone like that.Jennifer Embry was found in her bathtub in January 1996. She was 29. Her younger brother Ricky had come looking for her after she failed to show up for her shift as an X-ray technician. “The door just came open,” he later testified. “I hoped it was all a dream.”The autopsy said Embry had been raped, strangled and drowned in her Jacksonville, Florida, townhouse. There were no obvious culprits. But near her body, police found a green slipper with the DNA of an unknown male. Her family waited two years before analysts had a match: James Bernard Belcher. He was 39, and had spent much of his life behind bars.This article was published in partnership with The Guardian.The mystery of ‘Who?’ gave way to ‘Why?,’ but the nearly 1,500 pages of Belcher’s trial transcript were mostly devoid of real insights. The defense presented bewildered cousins and younger prisoners who described him as a generous mentor. “Something in him allows him to have…a positive influence on other people, even when he can’t run his own life,” public defender Alan Chipperfield told the jury. “It’s a mystery, and there are some things about human behavior we just don’t know.”The prosecution portrayed Embry’s murder as the culmination of Belcher’s life spent preying upon women: As a teenager, he robbed them on the streets of Brooklyn, New York. At age 29, he used a false identity to trick a Florida woman into sharing her address, and then bound and gagged her at gunpoint inside her bathroom. She testified that he masturbated over her back. While this crime was sexual, he pleaded guilty to armed burglary and aggravated assault. He spent less than two years behind bars before getting out and killing Embry.It took the jury 16 minutes to recommend that Belcher be executed.Defense attorney Chipperfield was used to losing — this was 2001, and the death penalty was popular, especially in Florida. But this case frustrated him. Belcher had denied knowing Embry entirely when police questioned him, despite the DNA match, and he refused to plead guilty in exchange for a life sentence. “He had no defense, and he knew that,” Chipperfield recalled in a recent interview. “He was just a stone wall.”A black and white image of two Black women in dresses and a Black man in a graduation cap and gown is displayed on a courtroom monitor.At James Bernard Belcher’s September 2022 resentencing hearing, prosecutors displayed photos of Jennifer Embry (left), who was murdered by Belcher in Jacksonville, Florida, in January 1996. Agnes Lopez for The Marshall ProjectBelcher was still on death row in 2016, when the U.S. Supreme Court sent a seismic shock through the Florida legal system, ruling that the state was giving judges too much power in death penalty decisions. Dozens of prisoners were entitled to new hearings — not over guilt, just punishment. Belcher’s case stuck out as a rare courtroom rematch: The lead prosecutor from 2001, Bernie de la Rionda, met with the Embry family and decided to come out of retirement to seek a new death sentence. The defense team would feature Chipperfield, who was still working into his 70s, and Lewis Buzzell, his original trial partner.But there was a new player. While both sides waited years for the resentencing hearing to be scheduled, the public defenders’ office hired an investigator named Sara Baldwin to work as a “mitigation specialist” in death penalty cases. Her job would be to mine Belcher’s past for information that might sway a jury towards mercy — to unravel some of the mysteries of his life in order to save it.One morning in the summer of 2018, Baldwin, 56, drove west from Jacksonville, the palm trees of her hometown giving way to the Southern pines that line the road to Florida’s death row. It was her first meeting with Belcher, and his lawyers had warned her to expect an icy reception.But the white-bearded 58-year-old, seated in the visitation room of Union Correctional Institution, was talkative — effusive even. Maybe it was his new wife, a Swiss woman he met through a pen-pal program who now visited him regularly. Maybe it was all the years of isolation and reflection. Or maybe it was Baldwin herself, with her messy yellow notepad, gravelly voice and unflinching eye contact.“After five minutes with her, I [couldn’t] stop talking,” Belcher told me when I visited him on death row last summer. “You want to make her proud.”His new trial, technically called a sentencing hearing, would determine whether he would die by execution. Some in prison feel the alternative — a life sentence, with no chance of release — is worse than death, but Baldwin could tell Belcher wanted to live. “You can have a valuable, meaningful life that’s worth living behind those walls,” she told me. “You can influence a lot of people who are going to get out.”Over the course of 15 meetings across four years, Belcher eventually admitted that he had lied to police about not knowing Embry; the two had been secretly seeing each other. But he made clear he was still struggling to understand why he’d raped and killed her. “I don’t have the words to tell you what is in my heart,” Baldwin recalls him saying. She wondered if trauma from his past had produced a kind of disassociation, since, as she put it bluntly, “It’s not normal human behavior to kill someone.”A White woman faces the camera for a portrait shot. She sits on a chair, with her hands placed on top of each other on her lap.Mitigation specialist Sara Baldwin in June 2022 at the Duval County Office of the Public Defender, in Jacksonville, Florida. Octavio Jones for The Marshall ProjectLike her more famous anti-death penalty peers, such as Bryan Stevenson and Sister Helen Prejean, Baldwin argues the idea that people should be judged on more than their worst actions. But she also speaks in more spiritual terms about the value of unearthing her clients’ lives. “We look through a more merciful lens,” she told me, describing her role as that of a “witness who knows and understands, without condemning.” This work, she believes, can have a healing effect on the client, the people they hurt, and even society as a whole. “The horrible thing to see is the crime,” she said. “We’re saying, ‘Please, please, look past that, there’s a person here, and there’s more to it than you think.’”The United States has inherited competing impulses: It’s “an eye for an eye,” but also “blessed are the merciful.” Some Americans believe that our criminal justice system — rife with excessively long sentences, appalling prison conditions and racial disparities — fails to make us safer. And yet, tell the story of a violent crime and a punishment that sounds insufficient, and you’re guaranteed to get eyerolls.In the midst of that impasse, I’ve come to see mitigation specialists like Baldwin as ambassadors from a future where we think more richly about violence. For the last few decades, they have documented the traumas, policy failures, family dynamics and individual choices that shape the lives of people who kill. Leaders in the field say it’s impossible to accurately count mitigation specialists — there is no formal license — but there may be fewer than 1,000. They’ve actively avoided media attention, and yet the stories they uncover occasionally emerge in Hollywood scripts and Supreme Court opinions. Over three decades, mitigation specialists have helped drive down death sentences from more than 300 annually in the mid-1990s to fewer than 30 in recent years.I met Baldwin in 2014, while reporting on the death penalty, and asked her a few years ago if I could shadow her work. Among her clients, I was drawn to Belcher because he’d spent time as a teenager in a jail on the notoriously violent Rikers Island. The 2015 suicide of Kalief Browder, another man held at Rikers when he was a teenager, prompted New York City leaders to discuss closing the jail complex. I wondered what effect a year on Rikers in the 1970s had on the course of Belcher’s life.I asked Belcher in a letter if I could witness Baldwin’s work in his case, and he said yes. The COVID-19 pandemic put his case’s timeline into limbo for a while, but in January 2022, the pair learned that the trial would be in September. With nine months to go, she flew to New York City to hunt for people from his past.One morning in February 2022, Baldwin and I ducked into a nursing home in a quiet suburb of Long Island, New York. The vicious winter wind gave way to smooth jazz and soft beeps. There were no other visitors in sight, and a nurse pointed us to the single Black man in the cafeteria: 86-year-old James Belcher Sr. He was watching television from his wheelchair, and Baldwin had to raise her voice over the cheers of “The Price is Right.” “We want to talk to you about your son,” she said. “We’ve traveled a great distance.”Sign up for the latest news and analysis.Sign UpEmail list managed by Mailchimp“Alright, alright, alright, that’s no problem,” Belcher said, eyes glistening. He let her push him down the hallway to his small, bare room. His stutter was profound, joining with the aftereffects of a stroke to make a project of each short sentence.Over the course of two meetings, two days apart, Belcher patted his chest and belly to coax out memories of the 1950s, when he came back from an A [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.themarshallproject.org/2023/03/02/death-penalty-mitigation-specialists-rare-look ) [324] => Array ( [objectID] => 21201 [title] => Coalition Congolaise Contre la Peine de Mort (CCPM) [timestamp] => 1677456000 [date] => 27/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalition-congolaise-contre-la-peine-de-mort-ccpm/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/IMG-20230123-WA0023-500x500.jpg [extrait] => In their desire to promote the abolition of the death penalty in the Republic of Congo, Congolese abolitionists have formed a coalition called the Coalition Congolaise Contre la Peine de Mort, Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CCCPM). This coalition was created on October 02, 2019 in Brazzaville. Its main objectives are the promotion of […] [texte] => In their desire to promote the abolition of the death penalty in the Republic of Congo, Congolese abolitionists have formed a coalition called the Coalition Congolaise Contre la Peine de Mort, Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CCCPM). This coalition was created on October 02, 2019 in Brazzaville. Its main objectives are the promotion of the achievements of the abolition of the death penalty in the country; the strengthening of the action of appropriation of the achievements of the abolition of the death penalty and the coordination of the actions of national dimension through, the advocacy, the complementary lobbying carried out by the associations members of the coalition and finally the promotion of the adhesion of the Congolese associations and some individualities in the national, regional and international coalitions which fight for the abolition of the death penaltyIts main actions to achieve its objectives are to conduct advocacy missions with Congolese authorities, diplomatic missions and others; to conduct awareness campaigns the Congolese population through the media, students, political parties, parliamentarians and civil society organizations and NGOs; to organize capacity building activities, training workshops; to play the role of expert with the Congolese authorities on the issue of abolition of the death penalty; to develop programs of awareness or training on the abolition of the death penalty; and to develop a training program for the Congolese authorities.The Coalition also develops awareness and training programs on the abolition of the death penalty for young people and organizes contests on the issue of the abolition of the death penalty.To its credit, the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty has already carried out the following activities- Advocacy for the ratification of the OP2;- Capacity building and sensitization activities etc. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [325] => Array ( [objectID] => 21187 [title] => Death Penalty Information Center’s Annual Summary [timestamp] => 1677456000 [date] => 27/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/report-on-death-penalty-in-the-usa-in-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => According to the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC) annual review, 2022 has been the eighth consecutive year with less than 30 people executed and less than 50 people sentenced to death during the year in the United States of America. [texte] => According to the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC) annual review, 2022 has been the eighth consecutive year with less than 30 people executed and less than 50 people sentenced to death during the year in the United States of America. (more…) "Death Penalty Information Center’s Annual Summary" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [326] => Array ( [objectID] => 21342 [title] => He Called Me Sister [timestamp] => 1677196800 [date] => 24/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/he-called-me-sister/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The fascinating, moving story of a friendship with an inmate on death row. It was a clash of race, privilege, and circumstance when Alan Robertson first signed up through a church program to visit Cecil Johnson on Death Row, to offer friendship and compassion. Alan's wife Suzanne had no intention of being involved, but slowly, through phone calls and letters, she began to empathize and understand him. That Cecil and Suzanne eventually became such close friends—a white middle-class woman and a Black man who grew up devoid of advantage—is a testament to perseverance, forgiveness, and love, but also to the notion that differences don’t have to be barriers. This book recounts a fifteen-year friendship and how trust and compassion were forged despite the difficult circumstances, and how Cecil ended up ministering more to Suzanne’s family than they did to him. The story details how Cecil maintained inexplicable joy and hope despite the tragic events of his life and how Suzanne, Alan, and their two daughters opened their hearts to a man convicted of murder. Cecil Johnson was executed Dec. 2, 2009. [texte] => 4 | PROLOGUEWe continue past to another series of buzzing doors. I signmy name in what seems more like a guest book at a bed andbreakfast rather than a log on death row. I suppress the urge towrite a comment there, like, “Had a great stay!” or “Best killingfacility this side of the Mississippi—good job!” Then, I am ledto a tiny room that has a waist-high glass window embeddedwith a crisscross of wires on one wall. Through the window isanother, similar room, about the size of a wide closet.Cecil is not there yet. The guard has left me, and I try sittingin one of the plastic chairs—like you might have on yourpatio for a picnic—but that leaves me nose-high to the glass, soI stand. Shifting from one foot to the other, I suddenly feel awkwardto be here and wonder what we’re going to talk about.I hear him before I see him.All these years, because of his good behavior, we have visitedCecil in an open room, where we could play cards, eat together,laugh, and forget where we all were for a while. Today, I can’tsee his feet, but I can hear them. The chains, so thick you mightuse them to pull a car out of a ditch with a tractor, are clampedon his ankles and drag on the hard floor. He is wearing an awkwardwhite cotton tunic and is barefoot. He tells me later theyhad taken his clothes and shoes, and that his feet are cold.He backs into the little room through the glass, not lookingat me, while the guard closes and locks the door. Cecil puts hisshackled wrists through a narrow opening in the door, like amail slot, while the guard unlocks the chains and pulls themoff. Each link clanks on the metal door as it slithers through.He turns slowly toward me, and I catch my breath. He lookslike a preacher in a baptistery, in that white tunic. Cecil spreadshis arms wide and places his hands on the lower frame of thewindow, outstretched. My mind flies back to the many baptismsI have witnessed where the pastor stands waist-high in water, [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.churchpublishing.org/hecalledmesister ) [327] => Array ( [objectID] => 21171 [title] => Annual Statistics Report 2022 [timestamp] => 1677024000 [date] => 22/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-statistics-report-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is the seventh edition of the Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report published by Project 39A at National Law University, Delhi. 2022 represents a significant shift in death penalty adjudication, with the Supreme Court recognising the need to reconsider the capital sentencing framework for the first time since it was laid down in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab in 1980. In a momentous order, the Supreme Court noted the gaps in the death penalty sentencing framework and has sought to address these concerns through a Constitution Bench towards establishing the components of a real, meaningful and effective capital sentencing hearing. In another decision, the Court laid down guidelines for the collection of mitigating material by trial courts. However, in the same year that the Supreme Court cast grave doubts on the death penalty sentencing framework and its implementation by trial courts, it is of concern that 165 death sentences were imposed by Sessions Courts, the highest in a single year since 2000. [texte] => Project 39AAboutNLU Delhi & Project 39AProject 39A TeamFair Trial Fellowship TeamOur WorkForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTorturePublications MediaNewsVideosWritingsEvents Work With UsInternshipCareerContactInternshipAnnual Statistics ReportsAnnual Statistics Report 2022Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2018Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2021Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2017 Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2020Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2016 Know More →Annual Statistics Report 2019Know More →Contact Address: Project 39ANational Law University, Delhi.Sector 14, Dwarka,New Delhi - 110078Phone: +91 11 2803 2533Fax: +91 11 2803 6432Email: p39a@nludelhi.ac.inAboutNLU Delhi & Project 39ABoard of AdvisorsP39A TeamFTF TeamResourcesOnline CoursesForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTortureVideos and PodcastsOur WorkForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTortureP39A BlogMediaNewsVideoPUBLICATIONSWRITINGSEventsWork With UsCareerInternship [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.project39a.com/annual-statistics-reports ) [328] => Array ( [objectID] => 21341 [title] => Capital Punishment & Social Rights Research Initiative – Texas [timestamp] => 1676160000 [date] => 12/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-social-rights-research-initiative-texas/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Capital Punishment and Social Rights Research Initiative assesses and analyzes the access of men and women on U.S. death rows to social rights such as health care, social contacts, visitation, communication, recreation and spiritual support. CPSR's info series on living conditions on death row, state by state. Part 1: Texas [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.cpsrinitiative.com/infographic ) [329] => Array ( [objectID] => 21121 [title] => Protected: Test [timestamp] => 1675900800 [date] => 09/02/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/test/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There is no excerpt because this is a protected post. [texte] => This content is password-protected. To view it, please enter the password below.Password: [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [330] => Array ( [objectID] => 21169 [title] => Bloodshed and Lies: Mohammed bin Salman’s Kingdom of Executions [timestamp] => 1675123200 [date] => 31/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/saudi-arabia-and-the-death-penalty-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-rise-in-executions-under-mohammed-bin-salman/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Saudi Arabia is a flagrant abuser of the right to life. Between 2010 and 2021, Saudi Arabia executed at least 1243 people, making it one of the most rampant executioners in the world. As of December 2022, the Saudi regime had executed at least a further 147 people in 2022, including 81 people in one day in a mass execution on 12 March 2022.Saudi Arabia’s use of the death penalty has drastically increased since 2015. This escalation has taken place on the watch of Saudi Arabia’s King Salman, who acceded the throne on 23 January 2015, and his son, Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman. The annual rate of executions has almost doubled since King Salman and Mohammed bin Salman came to power in 2015. From 2010-2014 there was an average of 70.8 executions per year. From 2015-2022 there was an average of 129.5 executions per year – a rise of 82%. The six bloodiest years of executions in Saudi Arabia’s recent history have all occurred under the leadership of Mohammed bin Salman and King Salman (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2022). [texte] => Reprieve About Us Issues Our work LatestSearchEnd The Death Penalty Case study In the newsSaudi Arabia and the death penalty: Everything you need to know about the rise in executions under Mohammed bin SalmanJanuary 31, 2023The rate of executions in Saudi Arabia has almost doubled since King Salman and his son Mohammed bin Salman came to power in 2015, as revealed in a new report by Reprieve and ESOHR.Read on to find out how the death penalty is used in Saudi Arabia and how it has drastically increased under Mohammed bin Salman.Does Saudi Arabia have the death penalty?Saudi Arabia is known to be one of the world’s most deadly executioners. Between 2010-2021, at least 1,243 people were executed. In 2022, at least 147 people were executed.The six bloodiest years of executions in Saudi Arabia’s recent history have all occurred under the leadership of Mohammed bin Salman and King Salman (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2022). From 2015-2022 (King Salman came to power in 2015) there was an average of 129.5 executions per year – that’s a rise of 82%.There is no sign of Saudi Arabia ending the death penalty. In 2022, at least 147 people were executed, with 81 people killed in a single day. What crimes can you get the death penalty for?Saudi Arabia retains the death penalty for a wide range of offences across three categories in Islamic law: Qisas (retributive), Had (mandatory) and Ta’zir (discretionary). Within these categories, judges in Saudi Arabia retain wide-ranging powers to determine what behavior may constitute a criminal offence and its resulting punishment, including the death penalty.Reprieve’s 2023 report, Bloodshed and Lies: Mohammed bin Salman’s Kingdom of Executions, is the first and most extensive investigation into executions in Saudi Arabia. It shows that between 2010 and 2021, the types of crimes resulting in executions could be classified into the following groups: Murder Drugs trafficking, including smuggling Sexual offences Formation of, or membership with, an organised criminal group or proscribed group Kidnapping or false imprisonment accompanied by assault, burglary or robbery Sedition, treason and other state security offences Witchcraft and sorceryInternational law requires states that retain the death penalty to limit its application to “the most serious crimes”, widely accepted to mean intentional killing.How has Saudi Arabia used the death penalty in 2022?2022 was one of the bloodiest years on record in Saudi Arabia’s recent history. Our investigations show that at least 147 people were executed in Saudi Arabia in 2022. 81 people were killed in one single day, in the Kingdom’s largest mass execution in its history on 12 March.The true number of how many people are facing the death penalty in Saudi Arabia is unknown because the authorities keep capital trials and death row shrouded in secrecy. That is why the findings of Reprieve’s report are vital in unveiling the truth about this bloody regime.Saudi Arabia’s judicial system – the legal system and judgments made in a court of law – is known for being unjust. Legal decisions, especially around the death penalty, are taken behind closed doors, court documents are forbidden from being published, charges are changed, and court sessions are indefinitely postponed, to name a few examples. Reprieve investigations have found that fair trial violations and torture are endemic in death penalty cases, including the cases of child defendants.Our investigations have even found names of executed people where there were no public records of them being either imprisoned, charged or being given a death sentence.Executions in Saudi Arabia between 2010-2021In Reprieve and ESOHR’s most recent report, it was uncovered that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia executed at least 1,243 people between the years of 2010-2021 but because Saudi Arabia does not comply with the UN requirements on publishing information on its use of the death penalty, the real number could be higher.Has the rate of executions under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s leadership risen?The rate of executions under Mohammed bin Salman has risen drastically since he came to power. Under his leadership, the past six years have been the bloodiest years of executions in Saudi Arabia’s recent history. In 2015, Mohammed bin Salman’s father ascended to the throne, marking the start of Mohammed bin Salman’s grip on power. Between 2015 and 2021, the execution rate increased by 82%.The six bloodiest years of executions in Saudi Arabia’s recent history have all occurred under the leadership of Mohammed bin Salman and King Salman (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2022). The explosion in the number of executions in Saudi Arabia under Mohammed bin Salman is a crisis the international community cannot continue to ignore. Every data point in this report is a human life taken. The Saudi death penalty machine chews up children, protesters, vulnerable women in domestic service, unwitting drug mules and people whose only ‘crime’ was owning banned books or speaking to foreign journalists. And all while MBS lies to the world that he has reformed the system to reduce the number of people executed. Maya Foa, Reprieve DirectorDo minors in Saudi Arabia receive the death penalty?Saudi Arabia has a history of handing out the death penalty to minors. Reprieve client Abdullah al-Howaiti was 14-years-old when he was arrested, tortured and forced to confess to a crime he could not have committed. He was still a minor when he was handed the death penalty.An image of the top half of a young Abdullah al-Howaiti looking directy at the camera. He is wearing a white Thawb which is an ankle length robe. He is sat against a dark black background. Abdullah al-HowaitiA group of UN Legal experts have called on Saudi Arabia to annul Abdullah al-Howaiti’s second death sentence because he did not receive a fair trial. The Special Rapporteurs wrote that “it is inherently cruel to execute children,” and called on Saudi Arabia to “abolish the imposition of the death penalty for juveniles for all crimes, without exception.”At least 15 child defendants – those who committed ‘alleged’ crimes when they were minors – have been executed since 2013, despite Saudi Arabia announcing they were getting rid of the death penalty for those who committed crimes when they were minors.In 2021, Mustafa al-Darwish, who was on death row due to an alleged crime committed when he was just 17-years-old, was executed.Are foreign nationals at risk of receiving the death penalty in Saudi Arabia?From 2010 to 2021, Saudi Arabia executed 490 foreign nationals, which makes up 39% of the total number of executions that took place in the Kingdom between those years.The Kingdom executed nearly three times more foreign nationals for drug offences than it did Saudi nationals, despite foreign nationals making up only 36% of the population.Saudi Arabia has the third largest migrant population in the world. As of 2021, there were approximately six million migrant workers residing in Saudi Arabia.Can women in Saudi Arabia receive the death penalty?Women face the death penalty in Saudi Arabia and between 2010-2021, 31 women were executed. Almost three-quarters of those executed were foreign nationals and of those foreign nationals, at least 56% were domestic workers.Tuti Tursilawati was born in Indonesia and arrived in Saudi Arabia in September 2009 to work for a family. Tuti’s employer regularly sexually abused her. In May 2010, as her employer attempted to rape her, Tuti hit him with a stick in self-defence, which led to his death. She fled the house to try and get away, but she was found by a group of nine men who gang raped her. Tuti was arrested by police a week later. In June 2011, Tuti was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death. After eight years in prison, she was executed by beheading. How is Mohammed bin Salman using sports to distract from the death penalty?10,363 actions takenMohammed bin Salman: Keep your blood-stained hands off sportsCrown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is trying to use sports to distract the world from his human rights abusesMohammed bin Salman – and his regime – are trying to distract the world from his human rights abuses by buying sports clubs like Newcastle United, creating series and tournaments like the LIV Golf Tour all while they commit some of the worst human rights abuses in the world: handing out the death penalty and executing people in mass executions. This is called sportswashing.Sportswashing is when an individual, organisation or government uses sports to try and improve their image. Washing away the dirt from their tarnished reputation.We all love sports. But we must speak out when sporting events are used by a regime to launder its reputation and distract from child defendants facing the death penalty – even when it involves the world’s most loved players like Ronaldo. What can you do to stop Mohammed bin Salman’s bloody regime from executing people?The Saudi Arabian government is powerful, but together, we can shine a light on the reality of the regime.Reprieve investigators, lawyers and campaigners work to defend our clients in Saudi Arabia by producing ground-breaking reports to shine a light on the human rights abuses by the Saudi leadership and we pressure governments to take a stand against Saudi Arabia’s use of the death penalty.We have helped get Saudi Arabian clients home before, and we can do it again. The Saudi Arabian regime cares about its image and so the Reprieve community – made up of nearly 100,000 of us – has power. In February 2022, one of our three clients who were minors when they were locked up got to go home, after almost ten years on death row.This work is only possible with the support of the Reprieve community who sign petitions, write to their MPs, email organisations like Saudi Arabia’s Human Rights Commission and fund our work where possible.Read the full r [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org/uk/2023/01/31/saudi-arabia-and-the-death-penalty-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-rise-in-executions-under-mohammed-bin-salman/ ) [331] => Array ( [objectID] => 21098 [title] => A Very Moving and Inspiring Closing Ceremony [timestamp] => 1675036800 [date] => 30/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-congress-2closing-ceremony/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/world-congress-closing-ceremony-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The Closing Ceremony of the 8th World Congress celebrated people who play an immense role in the process of the abolition of the death penalty, with an awards ceremony and a tribute. [texte] => The Closing Ceremony of the 8th World Congress celebrated people who play an immense role in the process of the abolition of the death penalty, with an awards ceremony and a tribute. (more…) "A Very Moving and Inspiring Closing Ceremony" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [332] => Array ( [objectID] => 21067 [title] => A Look Back at the 20th Anniversary of the World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1674777600 [date] => 27/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-look-back-at-the-20th-anniversary-of-the-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/jpg-world-day-poster-english-cropped-500x247.jpg [extrait] => “Psychologically I am no longer human.”. This tweet by the World Organization Against Torture, quoting an interview with Richard Yav, a former security guard who was wrongly sentenced to death for 20 years in Benin, sheds light on the various impacts of torture. [texte] => “Psychologically I am no longer human.”. This tweet by the World Organization Against Torture, quoting an interview with Richard Yav, a former security guard who was wrongly sentenced to death for 20 years in Benin, sheds light on the various impacts of torture. (more…) "A Look Back at the 20th Anniversary of the World Day Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [333] => Array ( [objectID] => 21050 [title] => How the Death Penalty is Politicized: A Reflection on the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1674777600 [date] => 27/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-the-death-penalty-is-politicized-8th-world-congress/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/instrumentalisation-of-the-death-penalty-8th-world-congress-500x250.jpg [extrait] => During the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, in Berlin Germany, the phrase “the death penalty is being used as a political tool” was used frequently – in panels, in round tables, in speeches, even amongst the participants getting a coffee in between Congress events. [texte] => During the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, in Berlin Germany, the phrase “the death penalty is being used as a political tool” was used frequently - in panels, in round tables, in speeches, even amongst the participants getting a coffee in between Congress events. (more…) "How the Death Penalty is Politicized: A Reflection on the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [334] => Array ( [objectID] => 21033 [title] => Advocacy Seminar Held in Berlin for French-Speaking Sub-Saharan Africa Members [timestamp] => 1674691200 [date] => 26/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/advocacy-seminar-berlin-french-speaking-sub-saharan-africa-members/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/training-abolition-africa-500x250.jpg [extrait] => In the margins of the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) and FIACAT’s African ACATs (Féderation international des Action des Chrétiens pour l’abolition de la torture) met in Berlin, Germany for an advocacy seminar. [texte] => In the margins of the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) and FIACAT’s African ACATs (Féderation international des Action des Chrétiens pour l’abolition de la torture) met in Berlin, Germany for an advocacy seminar. (more…) "Advocacy Seminar Held in Berlin for French-Speaking Sub-Saharan Africa Members" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Burkina Faso [2] => Cameroon [3] => Central African Republic [4] => Chad [5] => Congo [6] => Côte d'Ivoire [7] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [8] => Guinea [9] => Madagascar [10] => Mali [11] => Niger [12] => Senegal [13] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [335] => Array ( [objectID] => 21347 [title] => Key legal Instruments and texts adopted on Abolition of the death penalty by the Council of Europe [timestamp] => 1674518400 [date] => 24/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/key-legal-instruments-and-texts-adopted-on-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-by-the-council-of-europe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => All the Council of Europe documents related to abolition of the death penalty gathered in one page : decisions of the Committee of Ministers, resolutions of the Parliamentary Assembly, Treaties... [texte] => COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS DOCUMENTSDeclarationsDecisionsDocumentsInformation documents and Committee of Ministers documentsRecommendationsProtocols to the ECHR Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms concerning the abolition of the death penalty (ETS No.114) Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances (ETS No.187)PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY DOCUMENTSWritten DeclarationsResolutionsRecommendationsOpinionsReportsParliamentary QuestionsMotion for an Order [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://www.coe.int/en/web/abolition-death-penalty/key-legal-instruments-and-texts-adopted ) [336] => Array ( [objectID] => 21170 [title] => Living with a Death Sentence in Kenya: Prisoners’ Experiences of Crime, Punishment and Death Row [timestamp] => 1674518400 [date] => 24/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/living-with-a-death-sentence-in-kenya-prisoners-experiences-of-crime-punishment-and-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Project’s latest report provides a comprehensive analysis of the lives of prisoners on death row in Kenya. It focuses on prisoners’ socio-economic backgrounds and profiles, their pathways to, and motivation for, offending, as well as their experiences of the criminal justice process and of imprisonment. It complements our previous research, a two-part study of attitudes towards the death penalty in Kenya, The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice.While 120 countries around the world have now abolished the death penalty, including 25 in Africa, Kenya is one of 22 African nations that continues to retain the death penalty in law, albeit it has not carried out any executions for more than three decades. As such, Kenya is classified as ‘abolitionist de facto’, the United Nations term for a country that has not carried out an execution for at least 10 years. Yet, while state-sanctioned executions no longer occur, hundreds of people are currently living under sentence of death and others are convicted and sentenced to death each year. As long as the death penalty is retained in law, there remains a risk that executions might resume if there is political change. Moreover, the plight and turmoil of those languishing on death row – consistently the poorest and most vulnerable – cannot be ignored. They are disproportionately sentenced to death and suffer the harshest punishments and treatment. [texte] => Skip to main contentDPP Homepage Home Who We Are What we do Our Stories News Knowledge ContactOur Twitter Our FacebookOur LinkedIn Our Instagram Home Knowledge KENYA SOCIO-ECONOMIC REPORT Our TwitterOur FacebookLiving with a Death Sentence in Kenya: Prisoners' Experiences of Crime, Punishment and Death Row Reports and Studies 24 Jan 2023 In 2022 the Death Penalty Project partnered with the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) to commission the University of Oxford to conduct research to conduct research investigating the socio-economic profiles of those on death row in Kenya. Authored by Prof Carolyn Hoyle, Director of The Death Penalty Research Unit, at the University of Oxford, and Lucrezia Rizzelli, doctoral candidate at the University of Oxford Centre for Criminology, the findings have been presented in our latest report, focusing on prisoners’ socio-economic background and profiles, their pathways to, and motivation for, offending, as well as their experiences of the criminal justice process and of imprisonment. It complements our previous research, a two-part study of attitudes towards the death penalty in Kenya, entitled, ‘The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice’ Key findings: Socio-economic, demographic & welfare profile of prisoners Only 11% of prisoners had a prior conviction The majority were poorly educated: more than 1 in 10 had never been in formal education Their average wage was below the Kenyan minimum wage and more than 1/3 were in debt 86% of prisoners were responsible for supporting dependents Prisoners’ decisions to offend 95% of those that committed robbery did not know that it was punishable by death and 86% of those that committed murder did not know 72% of those that committed robbery did so were motivated by financial gain The majority were not worried about being sentenced to death Experiences of the criminal justice system and incarceration 53% were not given the right to communicate with a lawyer pre-trial During interrogation almost half were subject to either psychological or physical abuse At trial, 27% were denied an interpreter; 24% were denied legal assistance; 43% did not understand what was happening at their trial Experiences of incarceration Around 1/3 did not have sufficient nourishing food or adequate access to medical care Around 2/3 of prisoners said their physical and mental health had suffered since they had been incarcerated 2/3 said that their relationships with family deteriorated, with 1 in 10 having no visitors in prison Related ResourcesStay up-to-date with our workFirst NameLast NameYour Email AddressAbout Who We Are Our History FAQs ContactWhat we do Where We Operate Free Legal Representation Policy & Engagement Capacity BuildingResources Professional Resources Studies & Surveys Reports VideosStories & Press Our Stories Latest News EventsGet InvolvedHelp protect those facing the death penaltyOur Twitter Our FacebookOur LinkedInOur Instagram© 2021 The Death Penalty Project.Registered charity (No. 1115035). Registered company (No. 05579286).Design by MintTwist Cookies Policy • Terms & Conditions • Privacy Policy • Sitemap [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/kenya-socio-economic-report/ ) [337] => Array ( [objectID] => 21343 [title] => Getting to Death: Race and the Paths of Capital Cases after Furman [timestamp] => 1673568000 [date] => 13/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/getting-to-death-race-and-the-paths-of-capital-cases-after-furman/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Decades of research on the administration of the death penalty have recognized the persistent arbitrariness in its implementation and the racial inequality in the selection of defendants and cases for capital punishment. This Article provides new insights into the combined effects of these two constitutional challenges. We show how these features of post-Furman capital punishment operate at each stage of adjudication, from charging death-eligible cases to plea negotiations to the selection of eligible cases for execution and ultimately to the execution itself, and how their effects combine to sustain the constitutional violations first identified 50 years ago in Furman. Analyzing a dataset of 2,328 first- degree murder convictions in Georgia from 1995–2004 that produced 1,317 death eligible cases, we show that two features of these cases combine to produce a small group of persons facing execution: victim race and gender, and a set of case-specific features that are often correlated with race. We also show that these features explain which cases progress from the initial stages of charging to a death sentence, and which are removed from death eligibility at each stage through plea negotiations. Consistent with decades of death penalty research, we also show the special focus of prosecution on cases where Black defendants murder white victims. The evidence in the Georgia records suggests a regime marred less by overbreadth in its statute than capriciousness and randomness in the decision to seek death and to seek it in a racially disparate manner. These two dimensions of capital case adjudication combine to sustain the twin failures that produce the fatal lottery that is the death penalty. [texte] => GETTING TO DEATH: RACE AND THE PATHSOF CAPITAL CASES AFTER FURMANJeffrey Fagan,† Garth Davies†† & Raymond Paternoster†††Decades of research on the administration of the deathpenalty have recognized the persistent arbitrariness in itsimplementation and the racial inequality in the selection ofdefendants and cases for capital punishment. This Articleprovides new insights into the combined effects of these twoconstitutional challenges. We show how these features ofpost-Furman capital punishment operate at each stage ofadjudication, from charging death-eligible cases to pleanegotiations to the selection of eligible cases for execution andultimately to the execution itself, and how their effectscombine to sustain the constitutional violations first identified50 years ago in Furman. Analyzing a dataset of 2,328 firstdegreemurder convictions in Georgia from 1995–2004 thatproduced 1,317 death eligible cases, we show that twofeatures of these cases combine to produce a small group ofpersons facing execution: victim race and gender, and a set ofcase-specific features that are often correlated with race. Wealso show that these features explain which cases progressfrom the initial stages of charging to a death sentence, andwhich are removed from death eligibility at each stage throughplea negotiations. Consistent with decades of death penaltyresearch, we also show the special focus of prosecution oncases where Black defendants murder white victims. Theevidence in the Georgia records suggests a regime marred lessby overbreadth in its statute than capriciousness andrandomness in the decision to seek death and to seek it in aracially disparate manner. These two dimensions of capitalcase adjudication combine to sustain the twin failures thatproduce the fatal lottery that is the death penalty.† Isidor and Seville Sulzbacher Professor of Law and Professor ofEpidemiology, Columbia University. The authors are grateful to Bill Rankin,Heather Vogell, Soni Jacobs, Megan Clarke, and the journalists at The AtlantaJournal-Constitution for outstanding efforts in collecting the data and in theirreporting on the death penalty in Georgia. Thanks for helpful comments tocolleagues and participants at the Cornell Law Review Symposium: Furman at 50,April 1, 2022.†† Associate Professor of Criminal Justice, Simon Fraser University.††† Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland.Professor Paternoster passed away in March 2017, after the project was inprocess. This project was conceived by Ray, and it is his ideas that we test here.He is missed.15651566 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1565INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1566 A. Furman and Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1566 B. This Article. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1572 I. DISCRETION AS NEGOTIATED CHOICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1577 II. DATA AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1584 A. Study Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1584 B. Variables and Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1588 1. Outcomes and Progression of Cases. . . . . . . 1588 2. Mediating Effects on the Progression ofDecisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1588 C. Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1590 III. RESULTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1592 A. Descriptive Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1592 B. Statutory Aggravators by Defendant Race . . . . 1595 C. Seeking Death. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1597 D. Getting to Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1602 E. Who Gets to Death? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1610 IV. DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1613 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1616 INTRODUCTIONA. Furman and RaceThis year marks the 50th anniversary of the SupremeCourt’s opinion in Furman v. Georgia,1 a landmark decisionthat temporarily halted capital punishment in the U.S. Theopinion invalidated the death sentencing statutes in effect atthat time in thirty-five states and in the federal death penaltysystem.2 It resulted in the resentencing of over 600 persons ondeath rows across the U.S. to life imprisonment.3 The post-Furman moratorium followed a de facto moratorium from themid-1960s. Executions resumed with Gregg v. Georgia’sreinstatement of capital punishment in 1976.4Despite disagreements in the 5-4 opinion, the FurmanJustices were united in their criticism of capital statutes in1 408 U.S. 238 (1972) (per curiam).2 See Michael Meltsner & Daniel S. Medwed, Does a Fair Way to Decide WhoGets the Death Penalty Actually Exist?, SLATE (Feb. 22, 2022), https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2022/02/the-death-penalty-is-arbitrary-and-capricious.html[https://perma.cc/V9Z9-U8MW].3 Id.4 Hashem Dezhbakhsh & Joanna M. Shepherd, The Deterrent Effect ofCapital Punishment: Evidence from a “Judicial Experiment,” 44 ECON. INQUIRY 512,515 (2006); see also John J. Donohue & Justin Wolfers, Uses and Abuses ofEmpirical Evidence in the Death Penalty Debate, 58 STAN. L. REV. 791, 797 (2005)(showing execution rates and counts from 1900–2004).2022] Fagan, Davies & Paternoster - Getting To Death 1567effect at that time.5 The Court held that Georgia’s deathpenaltyprocedures violated the Eighth Amendment’s ban oncruel and unusual punishments.6 The opinion cited thearbitrary and capricious application of the death penalty,7 adeath sentencing scheme described as unpredictable,“freakish[ ],” and a “fatal lottery.”8 The Furman Court cited theoverbreadth of many of the death statutes that inflated thepopulations of death-eligible defendants, of whom only a tinyproportion were executed.9 They required that any new capitalstatute “must genuinely narrow the class of persons eligible forthe death penalty . . . .”10 This feature of death sentencingreceived the most attention in the hundred-plus-page Furmanopinion and was the focus of the post-Furman statutes.Several Furman Justices also worried that the Court gaveuneven attention to racial disparity. Without stating a directconnection of arbitrariness with racial disparity, these Justices5 Furman, 408 U.S. at 238; see also McGautha v. California, 402 U.S. 183,190, 196 (1971) (finding that “the law itself provides no standard for the guidanceof the jury in the selection of the [death] penalty, but . . . commits the wholematter . . . to the judgment, conscience, and absolute discretion of the jury,” butavoiding a conclusion that the lack of standards was a constitutionallyproblematic violation of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment);see also id. at 183 (“Certiorari was granted to consider whether petitioners’ rightswere infringed by permitting the death penalty without standards to govern itsimposition . . . .”) (emphasis added).6 Furman, 408 U.S. at 238 (per curiam).7 Id. at 274 (Douglas, J., concurring); id. at 309 (Stewart, J., concurring); seealso Maynard v. Cartwright, 486 U.S. 356, 362 (1988).8 Scott Phillips & Alena Simon, Is the Modern Death Penalty a Fatal Lottery?Texas as a Conservative Test, 3 LAWS 85, 86, 92 (2014) (describing the pattern ofdeath sentencing as a “fatal lottery”); Petition for Certiorari at 24, Hidalgo v.Arizona, 138 S. Ct. 1054 (2018) (No. 17-251), 2017 WL 3531089, at *24; Hidalgo,138 S. Ct. at 1057 (Breyer, J., statement respecting the denial of certiorari)(quoting Zant v. Stephens, 462 U.S. 862, 878 (1983)) (citing evidence that 98% offirst-degree murder cases in Maricopa County as evidence of the absence of theconstitutionally mandated legislative narrowing of eligibility for capitalpunishment in the Arizona statute). The Furman Court stated that narrowing wasnecessary to avoid a pattern of arbitrary and capricious punishments that wouldviolate the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusualpunishment. Furman, 408 U.S. at 274 (Brennan, J., concurring) (citing the risk ofthe arbitrary infliction of severe punishments); id. at 295 (equating the “unguided”discretion cited in McGautha with the “totally capricious selection of criminals forthe punishment of death”).9 Furman, 408 U.S. at 294 (Brennan, J., concurring) (“Crimes and criminalssimply do not admit of a distinction that can be drawn so finely as to explain, onthat ground, the execution of such a tiny sample of those eligible.”); see also id. at310 (Stewart, J., concurring) (noting “the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendmentscannot tolerate . . . this unique penalty to be so wantonly and so freakishlyimposed”).10 Zant v. Stephens, 462 U.S. 862, 877 (1983) (stating the mandate ofFurman); see also Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153, 189 (1976) (same).1568 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1565cited evidence that the death penalty was carried out against“the poor, the Negro, and the members of unpopular groups.”11Justice Douglas cited extensive evidence of racial disparities inhis opinion. Justice Stewart concluded that “if any basis canbe discerned for the selection of these few to be sentenced todie, it is the constitutionally impermissible basis of race.”12Justice Marshall noted that racial disparities in capitalsentencing were still prevalent at the time of Furman, butacknowledged that the record in Furman and the Court’s priordecision in Maxwell v. Bishop13—rejecting a constitutionalchallenge to capital punishment statutes—led the Court tostop short of a finding that racial bias infected all deathsentences imposed on nonwhite defendants.14Three opinions issued on July 2, 1976, responded toFurman’s critique that there was “no meaningful basis fordistinguishing the few cases in which [death] is imposed fromthe many case [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/getting-to-death-race-and-the-paths-of-capital-cases-after-furman/ ) [338] => Array ( [objectID] => 20924 [title] => Zambia is the 25th African State to Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1672963200 [date] => 06/01/2023 [annee] => 2023 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/zambia-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/abolition-zambia-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 23 December 2022, Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema signed into law Penal Code (Amendment) Bill number 25, which bans the death penalty and the offence of criminal defamation of the president. [texte] => On 23 December 2022, Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema signed into law Penal Code (Amendment) Bill number 25, which bans the death penalty and the offence of criminal defamation of the president. (more…) "Zambia is the 25th African State to Abolish the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [339] => Array ( [objectID] => 20876 [title] => 9th Resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty: the trend is growing [timestamp] => 1671494400 [date] => 20/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/9th-resolution-for-a-moratorium-on-the-death-penalty-the-trend-is-growing/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/VoteUNGAMoratoriumResolution2022-500x231.jpg [extrait] => On 15 December 2022, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 9th resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 125 votes in favor (2 more than in 2020), 37 votes against, 22 abstentions and 9 absent. [texte] => On 15 December 2022, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 9th resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 125 votes in favor (2 more than in 2020), 37 votes against, 22 abstentions and 9 absent. (more…) "9th Resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty: the trend is growing" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [340] => Array ( [objectID] => 20982 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2022: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1671148800 [date] => 16/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2022-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In a year awash with incendiary political advertising that drove the public’s perception of rising crime to record highs, public support for capital punishment and jury verdicts for death remained near fifty-year lows. Defying conventional political wisdom, nearly every measure of change — from new death sentences imposed and executions conducted to public opinion polls and election results — pointed to the continuing durability of the more than 20-year sustained decline of the death penalty in the United States.The Gallup crime survey, administered in the midst of the midterm elections while the capital trial for the 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Florida was underway, found that support for capital punishment remained within one percentage point of the half-century lows recorded in 2020 and 2021. The 20 new death sentences imposed in 2022 are fewer than in any year before the pandemic, and just 2 higher than the record lows of the prior two years. With the exception of the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021, the 18 executions in 2022 are the fewest since 1991. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:Death Penalty Information Center About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet Donate Email Facebook TwitterHome Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal Info Facebook Share Tweet Tweet Email EmailThe Death Penalty in 2022: Year End ReportPublic Support for Death Penalty at Near-Record Low Despite Perception that Violent Crime is UpUnaccountability Highlights a Year of Botched ExecutionsOregon’s Governor Commutes Death RowPosted on Dec 16, 2022Press Release Download PDF Introduction Significant Developments in 2022 Execution and Sentencing Trends Innocence and Clemency Problematic Executions Public Opinion and Elections Problems with New Death Sentences Supreme Court Key Quotes Downloadable Resources Credits Key Findings Eighth consecutive year with fewer than 30 executions and 50 new death sentences Botched executions and protocol errors lead to halts in Alabama and Tennessee Executions heavily concentrated in few jurisdictions – more than half in Oklahoma and TexasNote: The report was updated on December 19 to reflect that 20 death sentences were imposed in 2022. When the report was initially published, two death sentences were anticipated on December 16, but both hearings were rescheduled for 2023.Introduction UpIn a year awash with incendiary political advertising that drove the public’s perception of rising crime to record highs, public support for capital punishment and jury verdicts for death remained near fifty-year lows. Defying conventional political wisdom, nearly every measure of change — from new death sentences imposed and executions conducted to public opinion polls and election results — pointed to the continuing durability of the more than 20-year sustained decline of the death penalty in the United States.The Gallup crime survey, administered in the midst of the midterm elections while the capital trial for the 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Florida was underway, found that support for capital punishment remained within one percentage point of the half-century lows recorded in 2020 and 2021. The 20 new death sentences imposed in 2022 are fewer than in any year before the pandemic, and just 2 higher than the record lows of the prior two years. With the exception of the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021, the 18 executions in 2022 are the fewest since 1991.One by one, states continued their movement away from the death penalty. On December 13, 2022, Oregon Governor Kate Brown announced the commutation of the capital sentences of all 17 death-row prisoners and instructed corrections officials to begin dismantling the state’s execution chamber. The commutations completed what she called the “near abolition” of the death penalty by the state legislature in 2019. Thirty-seven states — nearly three-quarters of the country — have now abolished the death penalty or not carried out an execution in more than a decade.Death Row Population By State†State 2022 2021California690699Florida323338Texas199198Alabama166171North Carolina138139Ohio134136Pennsylvania128130Arizona116118Nevada6566Louisiana6265Tennessee4749U.S. Fed. Gov’t.4446Oklahoma4243Georgia4145Mississippi3740South Carolina3739Arkansas2931Kentucky2727Oregon~2124Missouri2021Nebraska1212Kansas99Indiana88Idaho88Utah77U.S. Military44Montana22New Hampshire^^11South Dakota11Virginia^02Wyoming01Total2414‡2474‡† Data from NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund for April 1 of the year shown.^Virginia abolished the death penalty with an effective date of July 1, 2021. The bill reduced the state’s two death sentences to life without parole.^^ New Hampshire prospectively abolished the death penalty May 30, 2019.‡ Persons with death sentences in multiple states are only included once in the total.~Oregon Governor Kate Brown commuted all of the state’s death sentences on December 13. This shows Oregon’s death row population as of April 1.For the eighth consecutive year, fewer than 30 people were executed and fewer than 50 people were sentenced to death. The five-year average of new death sentences, 26.6 per year, is the lowest in 50 years. The five-year average of executions, 18.6 per year, is the lowest in more than 30 years, a 74% decline over the course of one decade. Death row declined in size for the 21st consecutive year, even before Governor Brown commuted the sentences of the 17 prisoners on Oregon’s death row.2022 could be called “the year of the botched execution” because of the high number of states with failed or bungled executions. Seven of the 20 execution attempts were visibly problematic — an astonishing 35% — as a result of executioner incompetence, failures to follow protocols, or defects in the protocols themselves. On July 28, 2022, executioners in Alabama took three hours to set an IV line before putting Joe James Jr. to death, the longest botched lethal injection execution in U.S. history. Executions were put on hold in Alabama, Tennessee, Idaho, and South Carolina when the states were unable to follow execution protocols. Idaho scheduled an execution without the drugs to carry it out. One execution did not occur in Oklahoma because the state did not have custody of the prisoner and had not made arrangements for his transfer before scheduling him to be put to death.Although states persisted in veiling the execution process in secrecy, what reporters were able to see, and what autopsies or failed executions revealed, was shocking. Witnesses reported significant problems in all three of Arizona’s executions, including the “surreal” spectacle of a possibly innocent man assisting his executioners in finding a vein in which to inject the lethal chemicals. An independent autopsy of Alabama prisoner Joe James Jr.’s body revealed what a reporter who observed those proceedings described as “carnage.” The next two executions were called off while in progress because of the execution teams inability to set an IV line. Alabama Governor Kay Ivey called for a pause in future executions and ordered an internal “top-to-bottom review” of the state’s execution process.Tennessee Governor Bill Lee stayed the execution of Oscar Smith when, shortly before it was set to occur, he learned that the execution team had failed to test the chemicals for impurities and contamination. Citing an “oversight” in execution preparations, he canceled all pending executions and commissioned a former federal prosecutor to undertake an independent review of the process.South Carolina attempted to schedule two executions without having a complete execution protocol in place. Under state law, if lethal injection is unavailable, prisoners are forced to choose between electrocution or firing squad, but the state had no plan for firing squad executions. The state supreme court halted later scheduled executions to allow a trial court to adjudicate a challenge to the constitutionality of those methods. After a trial on the issue, the court ruled that they violated South Carolina’s constitutional prohibition against “cruel, unusual, and corporal punishments.”A small number of jurisdictions that have historically been the heaviest users of capital punishment carried out a majority of executions and imposed most death sentences. Executions were concentrated in a handful of states – Oklahoma, Texas, Alabama, and Arizona – that have historically been among the most prolific executioners. But in most states and counties, cultural and political trends toward criminal legal reform and racial justice kept the death penalty out of favor, even as media and politicians escalated fears of crime. In the midst of political rhetoric reminiscent of the peak death penalty years of the 1990s, voters selected governors in the three states with moratoria on executions. Candidates who said they would not sign death warrants won in all three. Reform prosecutors were elected or re-elected across the country: in Dallas and San Antonio, Texas; Shelby County, Tennessee; Oklahoma County, Oklahoma; and Alameda County, California; among others.The 18 executions carried out this year raised serious concerns about the application of the death penalty and the methods used to carry it out. Among those executed this year were prisoners with serious mental illness, brain damage, intellectual disability, and strong claims of innocence. In most jurisdictions, these cases would not even be capitally prosecuted today. Two prisoners were executed over the objections of the victims’ families, and two others were executed despite requests from prosecutors to withdraw their death warrants.The arbitrariness of capital punishment was evident in sentencing decisions. Twenty people were sentenced to death in twelve states. Among those sentenced to death were at least four with significant trauma, one with brain damage, one who waived his right to counsel, and one who waived jury sentencing and asked for a death sentence. At the same time, several highly aggravated murder cases resulted in life sentences, including the 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Florida and a high-profile quadruple-murder in Ohio. The juxtaposition of those cases that resulted in death sentences and those that resulted in life without parole belies the myth that the death penalty is reserved for the “worst of the worst.”Innocence cases attracted national attention and support from unlikely actors. A bipartisan group of Oklahoma legislators released the findings of an independent investigation into the case of Richard Glossip. Representative Kevin McDugle, a Republican and self-described supporter of capital punishment, was so convinced by the evidence of Glossip’s innocence that he vowed, “If we put Richard Glossip to death I will fight in this state to abolish the death penalty simply because the process is not pure. I do believe in the death penalty, I believ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2022-year-end-report ) [341] => Array ( [objectID] => 20978 [title] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2022: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1671148800 [date] => 16/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/texas-death-penalty-developments-in-2022-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Use of the death penalty in Texas remained near historic low levels in 2022, with juries sentencing two people to death and the State executing five people. Three other scheduled executions were stayed by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (CCA). Overall, the eight execution dates set for 2022 were the fewest in Texas since 1996.Despite their low number, the executions set and carried out in 2022 raise troubling issues about the fairness and utility of the death penalty. Four of the men put to death, including 78-year-old Carl Wayne Buntion, suffered from physical or mental impairments or histories of childhood trauma, while two maintained their innocence of the crimes for which they were convicted. [texte] => Skip to the contentTCADPTCADP Home Who We Are About Us Contact Staff Board of Directors What We Do Our Impact Annual Conference Legislative Advocacy Religious Outreach and Advocacy Victims Outreach Get Informed The Latest News from TCADP Texas Death Penalty Facts Death Penalty at the County Level Wrongful Execution Wrongful Convictions Press Room Reports Films, Books, Podcasts & Other Resources Get Involved Get Involved Contact Lawmakers Stop Executions Attend Events DonateReportsTCADP Year-End ReportsRead our new report: Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2022: The Year in Review. Released December 16, 2022.Every December, TCADP releases an annual report to inform the public and elected officials about issues associated with the death penalty over the past year. Texas Death Penalty Developments: The Year in Review presents information on capital cases, recent trends, and issues impacting the administration of justice in Texas. Visit our Press Room to read the press releases associated with each report.Previous year-end reports:2021 Annual Report2020 Annual Report2019 Annual Report2018 Annual Report2017 Annual Report, Infographic2016 Annual Report, Infographic2015 Annual Report2014 Annual Report2013 Annual Report2012 Annual Report2011 Annual Report2010 Annual Report2009 Annual Report2008 Annual Report2007 Annual ReportOther TCADP Reports200th Execution Organizing PacketImages of Injustice, 2006 TwitterFaceBookInstagramAmazon SmileContact us atTexas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (TCADP)P.O.Box 82212Austin, Texas 78708-2212512-552-5948info@tcadp.orgTCADP is a 501(c)(3) organization; our Federal EIN is 76-0618574.Search CategorySearch CategorySearch by TextSearch for:Recent Posts State of Texas executes Robert Fratta TCADP January 2023 Newsletter: A daunting execution schedule Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2022: The Year in Review TCADP December 2022 Newsletter: The gift of justice State of Texas executes Stephen Barbee State of Texas executes Tracy Beatty TCADP November 2022 Newsletter: Announcing our 2023 Keynote Speaker State of Texas executes John Ramirez© 2023 TCADPTo the top ↑ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://tcadp.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/TCADP-Report-Texas-Death-Penalty-Developments-in-2022.pdf ) [342] => Array ( [objectID] => 20845 [title] => 73rd Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights: In- Person, Advocating Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1671148800 [date] => 16/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/73rd-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-of-human-and-peoples-rights-in-person-advocating-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ACHPR-73rd-session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => After nearly 3 years, the ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met in-person in Banjul, The Gambia to hold their 73rd Ordinary Session from 21st October – 10th November 2022. [texte] => After nearly 3 years, the ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met in-person in Banjul, The Gambia to hold their 73rd Ordinary Session from 21st October – 10th November 2022. (more…) "73rd Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights: In- Person, Advocating Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [343] => Array ( [objectID] => 20806 [title] => The 8th World Congress reaffirms the importance of gender-based discussions [timestamp] => 1671148800 [date] => 16/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/8th-world-congress-and-gender-based-discussions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => The 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty highlighted the intersectional discrimination that women face in the judicial process leading to the death penalty, making visible one facet of the links between the death penalty and gender discrimination. [texte] => The 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty highlighted the intersectional discrimination that women face in the judicial process leading to the death penalty, making visible one facet of the links between the death penalty and gender discrimination. (more…) "The 8th World Congress reaffirms the importance of gender-based discussions" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [344] => Array ( [objectID] => 20989 [title] => United Nations General Assembly – Resolutions of the 77th Session [timestamp] => 1671062400 [date] => 15/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/united-nations-general-assembly-resolutions-of-the-77th-session/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provided by the United Nations General Assembly presents the resolutions of the 77th session. It includes reports on the moratorium on the use of the death penalty (A/77/463/Add.2 DR XII) which was adopted on the 15th of December 2022 with a vote (125-37-22) (A/77/PV.54) under item 68(b). Guided by the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations, it reaffirms the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child and recalls the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2022[on the report of the Third Committee (A/77/463/Add.2, para. 87)]77/222. Moratorium on the use of the death penaltyThe General Assembly,Guided by the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations,Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1 the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights2 and the Convention on the Rights of the Child,3Recalling the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty,4 and in this regard welcoming the increasing number of accessions to and ratifications of the Second Optional Protocol,Recalling also its resolutions 62/149 of 18 December 2007, 63/168 of 18 December 2008, 65/206 of 21 December 2010, 67/176 of 20 December 2012, 69/186 of 18 December 2014, 71/187 of 19 December 2016, 73/175 of 17 December 2018 and 75/183 of 16 December 2020 on the question of a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, in which the General Assembly called upon States that still maintain the death penalty to establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing it,Recalling further all relevant decisions and resolutions of the Human Rights Council, the most recent of which was resolution 48/9 of 8 October 2021,51 Resolution 217 A (III).2 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.3 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.4 Ibid., vol. 1642, No. 14668.5 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?OpenAgent&DS=A/RES/77/222&Lang=E ) [345] => Array ( [objectID] => 20800 [title] => Death Penalty and the Indian Supreme Court (2007-2021) [timestamp] => 1670457600 [date] => 08/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-and-the-indian-supreme-court-2007-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Death Penalty and the Indian Supreme Court (2007-2021) maps the important trends and developments in the Supreme Court’s death penalty jurisprudence. These past 15 years have witnessed significant developments in the law on capital sentencing, post-mercy jurisprudence, and other procedural developments pertaining to the administration of the death penalty. Imagined as an intellectual successor of PUCL and Amnesty International’s doctrinal study of the Supreme Court’s death penalty cases between 1950 to 2006, in ‘Lethal Lottery: The Death Penalty in India’, this report highlights the sustained inconsistency and judge-centric reasoning in capital cases, with particular emphasis on the problem of arbitrariness in approaches to capital sentencing at the Supreme Court. [texte] => Project 39AAboutNLU Delhi & Project 39AProject 39A TeamFair Trial Fellowship TeamOur WorkForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTortureP39A BlogPublications ResourcesOnline CoursesForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTortureVideos and PodcastsMediaNewsVideosOp-edsEvents Work With UsInternshipCareerContactDeath Penalty and the Indian Supreme Court (2007-2021)Death Penalty and the Indian Supreme Court (2007-2021) maps the important trends and developments in the Supreme Court’s death penalty jurisprudence. These past 15 years have witnessed significant developments in the law on capital sentencing, post-mercy jurisprudence, and other procedural developments pertaining to the administration of the death penalty. Imagined as an intellectual successor of PUCL and Amnesty International’s doctrinal study of the Supreme Court’s death penalty cases between 1950 to 2006, in ‘Lethal Lottery: The Death Penalty in India’, this report highlights the sustained inconsistency and judge-centric reasoning in capital cases, with particular emphasis on the problem of arbitrariness in approaches to capital sentencing at the Supreme Court. This data report highlights the extent of qualitative variations in approaches to capital sentencing, and significant principled divergence in reasoning in commutation and confirmation decisions. In confirmation cases, there is a tendency to emphasise circumstances pertaining to the brutality of the offence, without effective engagement with offender-related circumstances. Even commutation decisions reveal a lack of clarity about the normative content and the impact of different sentencing factors on the moral culpability and probability of reform of the accused. The absence of normative coherence and procedural clarity, in the Supreme Court’s capital sentencing jurisprudence, has resulted in sustained arbitrariness and judge-centric reasoning in the imposition of the death penalty. This data report confirms that the confusion in capital sentencing at the trial court is reflected in the Supreme Court as well. Further, this report suggests that inconsistencies at the Supreme Court trickle down and permeate capital sentencing in trial courts, contributing to the poorly reasoned and consistently high number of death sentences. This can be attributed to the highest court’s inability to adequately resolve doctrinal deviations from the Bachan Singh (1980) framework, and provide normative and procedural clarity for principled sentencing.THE REPORT CAN BE ACCESSED HERE.Contact Address: Project 39ANational Law University, Delhi.Sector 14, Dwarka,New Delhi - 110078Phone: +91 11 2803 2533Fax: +91 11 2803 6432Email: p39a@nludelhi.ac.inAboutNLU Delhi & Project 39ABoard of AdvisorsP39A TeamFTF TeamOur WorkForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTorturePublicationsCrime, Punishment And Justice In India: The Trajectories Of Criminal LawDeath Penalty Sentencing in Trial CourtsAnnual StatisticsMatters of JudgmentDeath Penalty India ReportResourcesForensicsLegal AidMental HealthDeath PenaltyTortureVideos and PodcastsMediaNewsVideoOP-EDSEventsWork With UsInternshipCareer [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.project39a.com/death-penalty-and-the-indian-supreme-court ) [346] => Array ( [objectID] => 20799 [title] => Closing the Slaughterhouse [timestamp] => 1670457600 [date] => 08/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/closing-the-slaughterhouse/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On July 1, 2021, Virginia ended a 413-year tradition by abolishing the death penalty.Many of those convicted from 1608 to 2017 deserved harsh punishment - but Virginia took harsh to a whole new level with its "finality over fairness" philosophy. Four hundred years of her racist, mob-driven capital punishment system ensnared many innocent and undeserving victims under the toxic guises of protecting white citizens or being “tough on crime.” So many of those killed by the state died with their guilt or innocence lost to history.Virginia leads the nation with 1,390 executions. After a 1976 Supreme Court decision, Virginia institutionalized and streamlined the parade to the death chamber more efficiently than any other state, executing between 1976 and 2017 a breathtaking 73 percent of all who received death sentences. The national average is 16 percent. [texte] => HOME ME & MY STORIES CLOSING THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE RAILROADED 1950s KODACHROME REQUIRED READING CLICK FOR MOREFinal cover for marketing_page-0001.jpgClosing the SlaughterhouseThe Inside Story of Death Penalty Abolition in VirginiaOn July 1, 2021, Virginia ended a 413-year tradition by abolishing the death penalty.Many of those convicted from 1608 to 2017 deserved harsh punishment - but Virginia took harsh to a whole new level with its "finality over fairness" philosophy. Four hundred years of her racist, mob-driven capital punishment system ensnared many innocent and undeserving victims under the toxic guises of protecting white citizens or being “tough on crime.” So many of those killed by the state died with their guilt or innocence lost to history.Virginia leads the nation with 1,390 executions. After a 1976 Supreme Court decision, Virginia institutionalized and streamlined the parade to the death chamber more efficiently than any other state, executing between 1976 and 2017 a breathtaking 73 percent of all who received death sentences. The national average is 16 percent.By 1999, in a bizarre quest to accelerate the killing even more, Virginia whittled the death row appeals process down to less than five years, when the national average was almost ten years. The Virginia Supreme Court and the Federal 4th Circuit Court of Appeals worked in tandem to uphold capital sentences passed in the lower courts.Only Blacks were executed for non-homicide crimes. Virginia also executed more women (94) and more enslaved people than any other state (about 736, or 87 percent of all enslaved people executed nationally). Virginia also executed at least 16 juveniles whose ages were verified between 11 and 17.Death was the Virginia way. Now, thanks to five decades of diligent work by dozens of abolitionists, advocates, capital defense attorneys, faith leaders, and more, it’s over.Combining almost 50 interviews and hundreds of sources, Closing the Slaughterhouse is the true, inside story of death penalty abolition in Virginia.The introduction of Closing the Slaughterhouse was written by Sister Helen Prejean, author of Dead Man Walking and The Voice of Innocents.Now available worldwide. Order from Amazon & affiliated sellers or Barnes & NobleMedia Inquiries? Want to know more? Reach Dale at dalebrumfield@protonmail.comPublished by Abolition Press, an imprint of Ingram/Lightningsparkcover by Doug Dobey at Dobey Design.© 2022 Dale Brumfield and HJH Media [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.dalebrumfield.net/closing-the-slaughterhouse ) [347] => Array ( [objectID] => 20797 [title] => Foreign Nationals on Death Row [timestamp] => 1670457600 [date] => 08/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/foreign-nationals-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The University of Oxford Death Penalty Research Unit, led by Professor Carolyn Hoyle, along with a network of human rights NGOs, including The Death Penalty Project, Eleos Justice, Harm Reduction International, Justice Project Pakistan, Project 39a, and ADPAN, have cooperated on a mapping project of foreign nationals at risk of capital punishment in Asia and the Middle East, initially funded by the ESRC.These regions have a disproportionate number of migrants and others without citizenship detained for capital offences, including those convicted for drug crimes. Building on research, knowledge and expertise within the network, this collaborative database aims to collate and make available information on foreign nationals executed or under sentence of death. [texte] => Mapping Death RowMapping Death RowForeign Nationalson Death RowAssisting civil society in efforts to support foreign nationals sentenced to death in Asia and the Middle EastThe ProjectThe University of Oxford Death Penalty Research Unit, led by Professor Carolyn Hoyle, along with a network of human rights NGOs, including The Death Penalty Project, Eleos Justice, Harm Reduction International, Justice Project Pakistan, Project 39a, and ADPAN, have cooperated on a mapping project of foreign nationals at risk of capital punishment in Asia and the Middle East, initially funded by the ESRC.These regions have a disproportionate number of migrants and others without citizenship detained for capital offences, including those convicted for drug crimes. Building on research, knowledge and expertise within the network, this collaborative database aims to collate and make available information on foreign nationals executed or under sentence of death.In collaboration with HURIDOCS, the Foreign Nationals Death Penalty Research Network have developed an interactive database on foreign nationals at risk of the death penalty that will record socio-demographic, jurisdictional and offence-related data as well as producing Country Reports and Case Studies from each retentionist country in these regions. This database is made freely available to subscribers such as lawyers, activists, academics and civil society organisations to enable them to better assist foreign nationals on death row through activism, advocacy or litigation. To request a free subscription, please Click here.We seek further funding to ensure that this important work can be developed across the African continent and in the Caribbean. We also hope to expand the research to map other populations at risk of the death penalty, including women. Those with data to contribute, or with information to update our current cases, are encouraged to contact us to further develop the database. It is our hope that this will prove a valuable resource to civil society, providing them with important tools to effect change for this vulnerable population.Cases MapIn order to protect the identities of those on death row, the full dataset of cases is only available to subscribers. To request a free subscription, please click here.cases-mapPartnersFunded by uwazi Mapping Death Row Library Login0 selected [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://foreign-nationals.uwazi.io/ ) [348] => Array ( [objectID] => 20769 [title] => Calling on international bodies to condemn drug executions in Saudi Arabia and seek to stop them [timestamp] => 1669852800 [date] => 01/12/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-on-international-bodies-to-condemn-drug-executions-in-saudi-arabia-and-seek-to-stop-them/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/signal-2022-11-28-181618_002-500x166.jpeg [extrait] => The European Saudi Organization for Human Rights and Harm Reduction International, and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty along with 32 other NGOs have called on the International Narcotics Control Board and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to act on urgent measures in response to the series of drug-related executions carried […] [texte] => The European Saudi Organization for Human Rights and Harm Reduction International, and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty along with 32 other NGOs have called on the International Narcotics Control Board and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to act on urgent measures in response to the series of drug-related executions carried out by the Kingdom. Saudi Arabia since November 10, 2022. (more…) "Calling on international bodies to condemn drug executions in Saudi Arabia and seek to stop them" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [349] => Array ( [objectID] => 20751 [title] => Reflecting on the links between the death penalty and gender-based violence [timestamp] => 1669334400 [date] => 25/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/reflecting-on-the-links-between-the-death-penalty-and-gender-based-violence/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ending_violence_against_women_2022-500x185.jpg [extrait] => On 25 November 2022, International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, through the testimony of representatives of abolitionist member and partner organizations, wishes to raise awareness of the links between the death penalty and violence against women and gender minorities and call out the unjust and […] [texte] => On 25 November 2022, International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, through the testimony of representatives of abolitionist member and partner organizations, wishes to raise awareness of the links between the death penalty and violence against women and gender minorities and call out the unjust and inhumane nature of the death penalty.On the occasion of the 8th World Congress against the Death Penalty held in Berlin from 15 to 18 November 2022, we spoke with Connie Numbi of the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI Uganda), Elsy Sainna of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ Kenya Section) and Nandana Manatunga of the Human Rights Office of Kandy (Sri Lanka) to reflect on the links between gender-based violence and the death penalty based on their experiences.The result is clear: although the subject of women and gender minorities sentenced to death has long been invisibilized, today, due to a extensive research, we can affirm that gender-based violence is a constitutive element of the profiles of women sentenced to death and of the circumstances leading to the crimes, particularly in the context of the murder of family members attributed to gender-based violence. Moreover, gender-based violence is also widely found on death row once the sentence is passed.Women who have experienced gender-based violence are over-represented in the profiles of women sentenced to death, especially for murderElsy Sainna from ICJ Kenya explains that in Kenya, where approximately 22 women are currently on death row (data from Kenya prisons), a large proportion have been convicted for the crime of murder in a context of gender-based violence. Elsy mentions the case of many women, most of them victims of domestic violence, facing intimate partner violence who tend to commit murder in the process of self-defense. Connie Numbi from FHRI makes the same observation. As of November 2022, 3 women are currently on death row in Uganda, their stories and that of all those who have been on death row also reveal this intrinsic link. The case of Kenya and Uganda illustrates a broader global trend in the motives for crimes committed by women sentenced to death. As research from the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide highlights, the primary motive for women's death sentences is the crime of murder, often linked to gender-based violence. Connie mentions for example the case of a woman who was sentenced to death for killing her husband who had sexually assaulted her because she refused to have sex with him. This woman remained silent for more than 15 years, never revealing any information about the context of self-defense of the crime she committed. When asked why she did not speak out, she replied that "when a woman commits a crime like this, you are called a liar. If I had spoken out, it would have backfired, so I stayed silent”. The case of this woman highlights gender bias that women face when they are sentenced to death for not fitting the gender stereotypes. Here, perceived as a "bad woman", "a violent woman", for killing her husband, her story was not audible.As Elsy and Connie remind us, most of the time, courts do not routinely consider abuse, gender-based violence, and trauma as mitigating factors in sentencing. The 2018 report from the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, for example, highlights the failure of some courts to consider these issues, even when lawyers gather such evidence during the hearing. Despite this, some progress can be noted in the consideration of gender-based violence as a factor in the mitigation of sentences. Elsy thus refers to the case of State v Truphena Ndonga Aswani [2021], where on appeal, the domestic violence history of the woman sentenced to death for the murder of her abusive husband was taken into account and contributed to the reduction of her sentence. The court sentenced her to serve a non-custodial sentence of one day imprisonment. This decision was lauded as it considered the physiological and emotional status of the accused that led to the commission of the offense. This is an isolated case however it portrays the importance of considering mitigating circumstances by judicial officers before passing a sentence.In prisons, the specific needs of women and gender minorities are not taken into account and they are still too often exposed to gender-based violenceThe link between gender-based violence and the death penalty does not end at trial, but continues once the sentence is passed on death row.Nandana Manatunga explains for example that in Sri Lanka, where, according to the Human Rights Office in Kandy, 12 women are on death row, the prison staff is gender mixed. This situation exposes women on death row to ongoing risks of gender-based violence. It tells the case of women exposed to sexist and sexual violence perpetrated by male prison staff: abusive searches, physical and psychological violence, rapes etc. In addition, Nandana highlights the inhumane conditions of detention. Women prisoners live in tiny cells, are given very thin mats to sleep on, have no access to hygiene products or any kind of occupation, temperatures in unventilated rooms reach dangerously high levels, visits are limited to one per year, etc.Then, it seems important to remember that sexual and gender minorities sentenced to death are particularly vulnerable to the violation of their rights in prisons where they are exposed to abusive searches, abusive isolation, arbitrary sanctions, etc.Solutions for addressing the intersectional discrimination faced by women and gender minorities sentenced to deathTo address the intersectional discrimination faced by people sentenced to death, especially women and sexual and gender minorities, Connie and Elsy emphasize the importance of providing training to judicial actors, including lawyers, judges, and police, on how to address gender-based violence and intersectional discrimination. We can also mention the need for states to adopt gender-sensitive policies, aligning with the Bangkok and Mandela Rules, regarding the detention of women, in order to guarantee their safety and security before trial, during their admission to prison and during their imprisonment.Connie also highlights the key role of the media: "Once you tell their stories, people listen to their voices,". Through the stories of women on death row, there is a real opportunity to change the public opinion about the unjust and inhumane nature of the use of the death penalty.Finally, the work of civil society organizations is needed at all levels to ensure that these issues are systematically taken into account in the abolitionist struggle. In Berlin, the Gender Working Group of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, which brings together member organizations with an interest and/or expertise in gender and whose objective is to support the consideration of these issues in the abolitionist movement, met for the first time. As Elsy reminds us, this working group is a decisive step for the abolitionist struggle and promises concrete progress in the years to come. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya [1] => Sri Lanka [2] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Gender [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [350] => Array ( [objectID] => 20867 [title] => ICDP Launches How States abolish the Death Penalty: A Supplement of Case-Studies [timestamp] => 1668643200 [date] => 17/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/icdp-launches-how-states-abolish-the-death-penalty-a-supplement-of-case-studies/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An increasing number of countries have recognized that state killing undermines human dignity and respect for human rights, such as the discriminatory use of the death penalty, the use of forced confession that increases the possibility of executing an innocent person, and the lack of deterrence effect of capital punishment. This move towards abolition of the death penalty is being witnessed in all regions of the world regardless of political system, religion, culture or tradition. As of today, at least 110 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, while at least eight countries have abolished for ordinary crimes, while less than 20 countries have reportedlycarried out executions in 2021.This publication is a supplement to the ICDP´s 2018 work on “How States Abolish the Death Penalty: 29 Case Studies.” [texte] => HOW STATES ABOLISHTHE DEATH PENALTY:A SUPPLEMENT OFCASE-STUDIESHOW STATES ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY5TABLE OF CONTENTGlossary ...................................................................................................................................................... 7Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 9Review of selected countries ................................................................................................................ 11Angola .................................................................................................................................................... 11Belgium .................................................................................................................................................. 12Bosnia and Herzegovina .................................................................................................................... 13Burundi ................................................................................................................................................... 14Canada ................................................................................................................................................... 14Central African Republic .................................................................................................................... 16Chad ....................................................................................................................................................... 16Congo, Republic of the ....................................................................................................................... 17Croatia ................................................................................................................................................... 18Dominican Republic ............................................................................................................................. 19Gabon ..................................................................................................................................................... 20Kazakhstan ........................................................................................................................................... 21Norway ................................................................................................................................................... 22Papúa New Guinea .............................................................................................................................. 23Sao Tomé and Principe ....................................................................................................................... 24Sierra Leone .......................................................................................................................................... 24Switzerland ........................................................................................................................................... 25United Kingdom ................................................................................................................................... 26United States ....................................................................................................................................... 27New Hampshire ............................................................................................................................. 27Colorado .......................................................................................................................................... 28Virginia ............................................................................................................................................. 29Lessons learnt fron the experiencies of states in abolishing the de th penalty .................... 31HOW STATES ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY7GLOSSARYABBREVIATIONSASEAN: Association of Southeast AsianNationsAU: African Union CSO Civil SocietyOrganizationECHR: European Court of Human RightsECOWAS: Economic Community of WestAfrican StatesEU: European UnionHRC: Human Rights CommitteeICCPR: International Covenant on Civiland Political RightsICDP: International Commission againstthe Death PenaltyICTR: International Criminal Tribunalfor RwandaNGO: Non-Governmental OrganizationUN: United NationsUNHRC: UN Human Rights CouncilUNGA: United Nations General AssemblyUPR: Universal Periodic ReviewTERMSAbolitionist for all crimes: a state whoselaws do not provide for the death penalty forany crime.Abolitionist for ordinary crimes: a statewhose laws provide for the death penaltyonly for exceptional crimes, such as crimesunder military law or during war.Abolitionist de facto: a state that retainsthe death penalty in law but has not carriedout executions during the past 10 years andmore.Retentionist: a state that retains the deathpenalty in law for ordinary crimes at all times,including in times of peace.UNGA moratorium resolution: UNGA ResolutionA/RES/62/149 adopted on 18 December2007 calling for a universal moratorium onexecutions, followed by subsequent biennialvotes since 2008.Official moratorium on executions: a publiccommitment made by the highest politicalauthorities officially suspending the implementationof death sentences.HOW STATES ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY9INTRODUCTIONThis publication is a supplement to the ICDP´s 2018 work on “How States Abolish the Death Penalty:29 Case Studies.” This supplement briefly describes the experiences of 19 countries, includingthe USA. As the death penalty is largely a state issue, the supplement highlights three USStates on their routes towards abolition of the death penalty. As these case-studies show, thereare many different ways in which states choose to abolish the death penalty.An increasing number of countries have recognized that state killing undermines human dignityand respect for human rights, such as the discriminatory use of the death penalty, the use of forcedconfession that increases the possibility of executing an innocent person, and the lack of deterrenceeffect of capital punishment. This move towards abolition of the death penalty is beingwitnessed in all regions of the world regardless of political system, religion, culture or tradition.As of today, at least 110 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, while at leasteight countries have abolished for ordinary crimes, while less than 20 countries have reportedlycarried out executions in 2021.There are challenges. The world’s most populated countries - China, India, United States and Indonesia- are not among those abolitionist countries. More than half of the world’s population livein States that still retain the death penalty and where their citizens and residents are not guaranteedthe right to life, as prescribed in Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Moreover, there have been attempts to reverse abolition of the death penalty in some Statesthat have ended capital punishment.This publication highlights the different ways adopted by States in achieving abolition of the deathpenalty, all of which were also mentioned in the 2018 publication. We have highlighted someof these routes which is summarized in the last section:• The route of international commitment toward abolition of the death penalty• Constitutional amendments• The role of the National Assembly/Parliament• The importance of activists• Establishing a moratorium on executions• Reducing the scope of the death penalty• Political leadership11HOW STATES ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTYANGOLAAngola has been abolitionist for all crimessince 1992 through a constitutional reformand explicitly prohibited the deathpenalty in 2010 with its new Constitution.The last executions were carried out in1977 by firing squad after a coup attempt.When Angola gained independencein 1975, there was apower vacuum in the country.Several forces sought togain control of government, including the PopularMovement for the Liberation of Angola(MPLA), the National Front for the Liberation ofAngola (FNLA), and the National Union for theTotal Independence of Angola (UNITA).The MPLA gained control of the capital, Luanda,and later declared itself as the governmentof independent Angola, but conflict continuedfor control of the country, which had animpact in the situation of the death penaltyin the country. The executions of 14 peoplewere carried out in 1975, a time when severalpolitical trials also took place against suspectedUNITA militants or sympathizers accusedof espionage, armed rebellion, or treason. TheREWIEW OF SELECTCOUNTRIESpeople executed were from among 30 persons,who were sentenced to face the deathpenalty for participating in UNITA activities.Furthermore, MPLA forces captured 13 personsfighting for the FNLA in February 1976who were charged of aiming to overthrow thegovernment and a trial began in June in whatbecame known as the Luanda Trial. During thetrial, the defendants were sentenced to deathby firing squad or given long prison terms. Theauthorities carried out the executions of someof those sentenced to death. The last executionswere carried out in 1977 after a failedcoup attempt. Three more individuals weresentenced to death for espionage, but theirsentences were commuted by then PresidentJosé Eduardo dos Santos.In 1987, Felix Mateus Murgar was sentencedto death for murder by the Lobito Magistrate’sCourt, the first known death sentence issuedby a magistrate court. His sentence wascommuted to 22 years imprisonment in 1988by the Tribunal da Relaçao following growinginternational concern towards the use of thedeath penalty. However, the RevolutionaryPeople’s Court continued to hand down deathsentences and a total of seven people weresentenced to face the death penalty in thatsame year. Although there were no know [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/HOW-STATES-ABOLISH-THE-DEATH-PENALTY_A-SUPPLEMENT-OF-CASE-STUDIES.pdf ) [351] => Array ( [objectID] => 20732 [title] => Publication of a New Guide on Working with National Human Rights Institutions to Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1668643200 [date] => 17/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/publication-of-a-new-guide-on-working-with-national-human-rights-institutions-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Photo_article-INDH-500x285.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has published a new how-to guide, in collaboration with Mr. Isidore Clément Capo-Chichi, President of the Beninese Commission on Human Rights. It is aimed for civil society organizations and illustrates how to collaborate with National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) to achieve the abolition of the death penalty. In […] [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has published a new how-to guide, in collaboration with Mr. Isidore Clément Capo-Chichi, President of the Beninese Commission on Human Rights. It is aimed for civil society organizations and illustrates how to collaborate with National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) to achieve the abolition of the death penalty.In 2018, a poll of the World Coalition membership identified areas of capacity building, particularly in relation to advocating with allies for the abolitionist cause. Amongst these powerful, and uniquely placed allies, are NHRIs.As human rights bodies in their countries, structured by the United Nation’s Paris Principles, NHRIs are natural allies in the fight to abolish the death penalty, occupying a legitimate space to contribute to the implementation of human rights.This guide can be considered as a companion to the Practical Guide for NHRIs published by World Coalition member Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) in 2020. Together, these two tools- one for NHRIs and one for CSOs- work jointly to provide extensive advocacy opportunities to end the death penalty.We sat down with Isidore Clément Capo-Chichi to talk about the guide:Why did you agree to writing this guide with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty?Isidore Clément Capo-Chichi (ICCC): The World Coalition is doing truly important work advocating for the permanent abolition of this infamous penalty around the world. Abolishing capital punishment is a constant struggle for the right to life, the first right without which all other rights cannot exist.I agreed to write this guide for NGOs to recognize the work of the coalition and especially to share good practices with all women and men, leaders of NGOs engaged in this fight for life. My previous experiences as an NGO leader, as an expert member of the working group on the death penalty of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR), and my current experiences as President of the NHRI in my country, encouraged me without hesitation to commit to this project alongside the World Coalition.In your opinion why is it important for NGOs to work with NHRIs for the abolition of the death penalty?ICCC: NHRIs are national mechanisms for the promotion and protection of human rights. These institutions have a double mission of advice and control to the States that have established them.For an NGO working with an NHRI, it is to rally to its advocacy a bridge of interactive and permanent dialogue with the States.How do NHRIs differ from other abolitionist allies?NHRIs are not NGOs but NGOs are generally strongly represented in NHRIs and therefore understand the advocacy of NGOs and can become a major ally in bringing non-abolitionist States to commit to the path of abolition for the respect of life and human dignity.[NHRIs] are also an institution set up by the States freely and without constraint, and therefore have a priori the attention of the governments. The role of NHRIs in democratic governance is unique.Published both in French and in English on 17 November 2022, on the occasion of the round table dedicated to NHRIs at the 8th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, ‘How to Work with NHRIs for the Abolition of the Death Penalty’ is in the World Coalition’s digital library and attached to this article. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [352] => Array ( [objectID] => 20713 [title] => How to Work with National Human Rights Institutions to Abolish the Death Penalty – A Practical Guide [timestamp] => 1668643200 [date] => 17/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-work-with-national-human-rights-institutions-to-abolish-the-death-penalty-a-practical-guide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) role as influential human rights actors is paramount, and as such their contributions to abolition of the death penalty should not be underestimated when developing an anti-death penalty strategy. Expertly written by the President of the of the Beninese Commission on Human Rights, this guide’s content has been bolstered by examples and advice coming from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the field. Working with NHRIs can seem like a daunting task, especially for civil society organizations that do not have previous experience working with them. As such, this guide has been specifically designed for abolitionist civil society groups around the world, both beginners and advanced activists, with a focus on the African continent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/EN_WCADP_NHRIguide-2022.pdf ) [353] => Array ( [objectID] => 20798 [title] => Carrying out executions took a secret toll on workers — then changed their politics [timestamp] => 1668556800 [date] => 16/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/carrying-out-executions-took-a-secret-toll-on-workers-then-changed-their-politics/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Most of the workers NPR interviewed reported suffering serious mental and physical repercussions. But only one person said they received any psychological support from the government to help them cope. The experience was enough to shift many of their perspectives on capital punishment. No one who NPR spoke with whose work required them to witness executions in Virginia, Nevada, Florida, California, Ohio, South Carolina, Arizona, Nebraska, Texas, Alabama, Oregon, South Dakota or Indiana expressed support for the death penalty afterward, NPR found. [texte] => Accessibility links Skip to main content Keyboard shortcuts for audio player NPR logo Sign In NPR Shop Donate News Culture Music Podcasts & Shows SearchInvestigationsCarrying out executions took a secret toll on workers — then changed their politicsNovember 16, 20224:01 PM ETHeard on All Things ConsideredChiara EisnerChiara Eisner12-Minute Listen Download TranscriptClockwise from upper left: Holly Sox, Catarino Escobar, Frank Thompson, Bill Breeden, Craig Baxley and Ron McAndrew have all been affected by work related to executions.Sean Rayford, Emily Najera, Celeste Noche, Scott Langley and Octavio Jones for NPRPretending to die isn't typically part of a correctional officer's job. But when the court issues a death warrant, there's often a team that has to rehearse the execution of the prisoner. In Nevada, one of the people they practiced on was officer Catarino Escobar.Escobar wasn't nervous when his colleagues handcuffed him and escorted him out of the holding cell. But then the officers took him into the gas chamber. About the size of a bathroom stall, the room is framed with large bay windows so people can watch from outside as prisoners take their last breaths. It was inside that space that something strange started to happen to him.As the officers strapped Escobar down to the gurney, his vision narrowed. He yearned for his mother, then his brother. Escobar wanted his family with him, he said, because for what felt like 20 minutes, he was absolutely certain his life was over."I wasn't acting or playing," said Escobar. "I believed that I was being executed."During the past 50 years, more than 1,550 death sentences have been carried out across the U.S. Hundreds of people like Escobar played a role in each of those executions, and again, hundreds of others are getting to work. Five states scheduled seven executions over the last two months of 2022 alone.Sign Up For the NPR Daily NewsletterCatch up on the latest headlines and unique NPR stories, sent every weekday.E-mail addressBy subscribing, you agree to NPR's terms of use and privacy policy. NPR may share your name and email address with your NPR station. See Details. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.There are legal restrictions to revealing the identities of many of the workers while they're employed, and a culture of secrecy tends to keep them quiet long after they leave their posts. But NPR's investigations team spoke with 26 current and former workers who were collectively involved with more than 200 executions across 17 states and the federal death chamber. They were executioners, lawyers, correctional officers, prison spokespeople, wardens, corrections leaders, a researcher, a doctor, an engineer, a journalist and a nurse. Many are sharing their names and stories publicly for the first time."Nobody talked about it," said Escobar, who has never even told his family about what he did in the death chamber. "We all knew to keep it silent."The answers the workers gave about how their jobs affected them weren't all the same — and neither were their circumstances. A few said they volunteered for the task and that it didn't bother them much. Many more of the people NPR spoke with had little choice in their involvement. Execution work was often a required part of their jobs, and it took a toll.Most of the workers NPR interviewed reported suffering serious mental and physical repercussions. But only one person said they received any psychological support from the government to help them cope. The experience was enough to shift many of their perspectives on capital punishment. No one who NPR spoke with whose work required them to witness executions in Virginia, Nevada, Florida, California, Ohio, South Carolina, Arizona, Nebraska, Texas, Alabama, Oregon, South Dakota or Indiana expressed support for the death penalty afterward, NPR found.It wasn't always because the workers felt the process was unfair to the prisoner. It was often because they realized it was too hard on them."There was more than one casualty," said Perrin Damon, a spokeswoman who helped coordinate two executions for the Oregon Department of Corrections. "More people are involved than anyone understands."White sheets remain on the lethal injection gurney that Catarino Escobar was strapped down to at Nevada State Prison, a former penitentiary in Carson City, Nev.Emily Najera for NPROut of sight, not mindTen of the people NPR interviewed never saw prisoners die in the chamber. Some didn't work behind bars at all. They were still closely involved with capital punishment.As a public defender who advocates for people charged with murder in Florida, Allison Miller is constantly thinking about the death penalty. It looms over her and her clients as their worst case scenario. When that scenario came true last year for a man named Markeith Loyd, Miller couldn't stop blaming herself. To this day, she can't forget how her toddler wished her luck before she left home to speak with his jury."She said, 'I hope you save Mr. Markeith,'" Miller recalled, her voice breaking. "And then I just remember thinking, I didn't. I failed him. I failed her. I failed in this godly task that I was given."Loyd probably won't be executed anytime soon. He was sentenced to death in March, and it typically takes people around 20 years to exhaust all their appeals and face the death chamber. But Miller is already seeing her own consequences. She recounted a range of symptoms that she attributes to trying cases like Loyd's: hair loss, insomnia, irritability, anxiety and dissociation from the world around her."I cannot underscore what it feels like to stand there and ask 12 people to not kill somebody," Miller said. "It broke me a lot."Laura Briggs' job started further down the execution timeline. As a law clerk on a federal death penalty case, she had to monitor documents filed just weeks before a man was scheduled to die in Indiana. If evidence had been submitted that could have paused the process, it was her job to tell the prison in time to save his life.During the last few days before the execution, Briggs didn't do anything that could distract her. She barely slept. She rarely ate. She didn't devote a single thought to anything but worrying that she was going to miss something, she said."It was just beyond acute anxiety," Briggs remembered. "It felt like being suspended in burning oil."The anxiety was so extreme that she sensed her blood pressure rising and heard a constant, high pitched noise in her head. Before doing the work, Briggs didn't have a strong opinion about capital punishment. Now, she's firmly against it."It creates a situation where someone innocent could be executed," Briggs said. "There's no chance for peace with that."Behind bars — macabre meetings and revelationsInside the prison, workers experienced a different set of stressors as they got ready for execution day."People think that it would be so easy to go up and execute someone who had committed such heinous acts," said Jeanne Woodford, a warden who oversaw four executions in California's San Quentin State Prison. "But the truth is, killing a human being is hard. It should be hard."Woodford had to speak with the person slated to die, then talk with his family to receive instructions for what to later do with his body. Afterward, she had to speak with the other family involved, too — the family of the victim."You just don't know what to say to people who are in so much pain," Woodford said. "And no one is sensitive to the fact that you as the warden are sitting there thinking, in 30 days, I'm going to have to go in and give the order to carry out an execution of a human being."With that on her mind, Woodford still had to brief security personnel to prepare for protests, select officers to carry out the execution and process permissions for outsiders who wanted to attend. Then, at around midnight on the date of the execution, she gave the signal for the executioner to go ahead.Woodford felt the effect inside her brain. She tried to be present with her family and rarely missed her children's sports games. But the memories of what she had done kept her distant and caused persistent insomnia."You're there, but you're not really there," she said. "You realize that you're suffering from post-traumatic stress."Farther north, in Oregon, Corrections Superintendent Frank Thompson watched staff suffer similar consequences as the state prepared to carry out its first two executions in more than 30 years.Shortly after the U.S. Supreme Court banned the death penalty across the country in 1972, the court changed its mind. In 1976, it decided to leave it up to the states to decide whether and when they'd bring capital punishment back. Some states never did. Others, like Oregon, waited decades to do it. That meant many workers who started their jobs in prison when executions were off the table suddenly found themselves required to perform tasks they never expected.It also meant employees in Oregon had to make much of what they needed to execute someone from scratch. They sourced the cart the gurney rolled on from a hospital and the arm and leg straps they attached to it from another state. Then they tried to anticipate every edge case of what could go wrong. Damon, the spokeswoman, said she even flew above the prison in a plane to spot security vulnerabilities from a bird's eye view.The pressure of trying to ensure there would be no mistakes despite the staff's inexperience affected the psyches of everyone involved, Thompson remembered. Those at the highest levels of power — like the governor, who later issued a moratorium forbidding more executions during his term — were not exempt."We had to get the 'OK' directly from him before I gave the instruction to proceed with the execution, so he's very much a part of it," the superintendent said. "All of us had negative results."L [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.npr.org/2022/11/16/1136796857/death-penalty-executions-prison ) [354] => Array ( [objectID] => 21529 [title] => Wrongful Convictions and the Death Penalty Guide [timestamp] => 1667260800 [date] => 01/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/wrongful-convictions-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => One of the most compelling forces behind the evolution of international attitudes towards capital punishment in recent decades has been the increasing recognition of the potential for error in its use – that those states that choose to retain the practice may be taking the lives of innocent individuals. The Death Penalty Project produced this resource on wrongful convictions and the death penalty. [texte] => WRONGFULCONVICTIONSAND THE DEATHPENALTYThe DeathPenalty ProjectAn inevitable fallibilityWhile the risk of executing theinnocent is a critical concern, it isevident that procedural reforms arenot sufficient to resolve the myriad ofproblems arising from the use of thedeath penalty. No system yet developed,no matter how sophisticated, has beenable to overcome the inherent presenceof arbitrariness, with the mostvulnerable and disadvantaged insociety subject to the greatestrisk of execution, andthe significant risks ofwrongful conviction.Furthermore, even if a system couldbe developed which removed the riskof wrongful conviction and arbitrarinessobserved across all existing systems ofcapital punishment, this wouldnot resolve the matters of principleweighing against its use. Its impositionis ultimately incompatible with thehuman dignity of each individual –even those who have committed themost serious offences.Analysis of the issue of wrongfulconvictions is nonetheless highlyinstructive in understanding thefunctioning of the criminal justicesystems of retentionist states andthe particular factors which cancontribute towards the risk of injusticein the administration of the deathpenalty, even where safeguards arein place.One of the most compelling forces behind the evolution of international attitudestowards capital punishment in recent decades has been the increasing recognition ofthe potential for error in its use – that those states that choose to retain the practicemay be taking the lives of innocent individuals.The high-profile release of prisoners from death row has sparked public debates ina number of states in recent years, including in China, Japan, Vietnam and the US.Among the American public, this has contributed to a steady decline in support forretention, with a narrow majority of 55% now supporting the death penalty – thelowest level for half a century – and 43% favouring abolition.Wrongful convictions and the death penalty2 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/wrongful-convictions-policy-position-paper/ ) [355] => Array ( [objectID] => 21528 [title] => Deterrence and the Death Penalty Guide [timestamp] => 1667260800 [date] => 01/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deterrence-and-the-death-penalty-3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The most common justification for the retention of the death penalty among the minority of states that continue to sentence to death and execute individuals who are found guilty of committing certain serious offences is a belief that this punishment has a unique deterrent effect. The Death Penalty Project produced this resource on deterrence and the death penalty. [texte] => DETERRENCEAND THE DEATHPENALTYThe DeathPenalty ProjectLack of research to evidence efficacyDespite the rhetorical prominenceof deterrence in justifying the use ofthe death penalty, there has been anotable lack of empirical researchevidence to support claims madeabout this theory.In convincingly demonstrating thepresence of a dynamic of deterrence, thekey question is not simply whether somepeople may be deterred, but whether asystem of capital punishment enforcedthrough executions actually leads to lowerrates of capital offences than a penalsystem which uses an alternative severepunishment, such as life imprisonment.There are challenges to producingthe required kinds of empiricalevidence which could address thisquestion. It is of course not possibleto conduct experiments, for obviousmoral and ethical reasons, and sostudies have generally relied uponanalysis of trends and comparisonsbetween crime rates across similarjurisdictions that retain or haveabolished capital punishment.The justification of deterrenceThe most common justification for the retention of the death penalty among theminority of states that continue to sentence to death and execute individuals who arefound guilty of committing certain serious offences is a belief that this punishment hasa unique deterrent effect.When the notion of ‘deterrence’ is used in this context, it refers to the idea of generaldeterrence: the claim that, where the costs of the punishment for committing an offenceare greater than the perceived benefits, crime will be less likely to occur.In the case of the death penalty, this means that authorities believe the cost is clear toindividuals who may commit murder or other offences that attract the death penalty indifferent jurisdictions – that to do so would involve a real risk of execution if they wereto be caught and convicted.Underlying the theory of deterrence is a specific logic: that the individuals who maycommit offences are rational actors, with knowledge of the law and the legal system,who carefully weigh up the relative costs and benefits of particular actions, adaptingtheir behaviour accordingly.Deterrence and the death penalty2Looking athomicide rates inthe United StatesThe vast majority of existing studies havebeen carried out in the US - specificallyexamining the relationship betweencapital punishment and homicide rates.One methodological approach used inthese studies has been to compare ratesof homicide between those states whichretain the death penalty and those whichhave abolished it.Overall, homicide rates have beendeclining since the early 1990s acrossall US states. And increasing rates ofhomicide have not followed in thosestates which have abolished the deathpenalty duringthe past two decades.In fact, over the last 20years, homicide rates in USstates which retained the deathpenalty have been higher thanthose without it.One study found that between 1974 and2009, 447 executions occurred in the stateof Texas, 13 occurred in California andnone occurred in New York, yet rates ofhomicide followed similar patterns offluctuation throughout this period acrossall three states, clearly influenced byfactors other than punishments.Deterrence effect beyondthe United StatesThe limited research evidence from beyond the US has produced similar results. Onestudy compared murder rates between Singapore (which retains the death penalty) andHong Kong (which does not), based on the assessment that they shared a number ofrelevant characteristics and trends beyond penal policy.It was found that, over a period of 30 years, homicide rates had followed a similar pathof decline, with no observed differences resulting from a stark spike in executions inSingapore in the mid-1990s (which the authors calculated to have reached the highestlevel in the world at the time), nor any rise in response to the abolition of the deathpenalty in Hong Kong in 1993.3 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/deterrence-policy-position-paper/ ) [356] => Array ( [objectID] => 21527 [title] => Public Opinion and the Death Penalty Guide [timestamp] => 1667260800 [date] => 01/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/public-opinion-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => When faced with calls to join the majority of states worldwide that have now abolished capital punishment, a key justification, typically relied upon by retentionist states, is that their citizens are not yet ready for abolition, and that political leaders must represent ‘the will of the people.’ The Death Penalty Project produced this resource on public opinion and the death penalty. [texte] => PUBLIC OPINIONAND THE DEATHPENALTYThe DeathPenalty ProjectResearch to challenge assumptionsRigorous empirical research whichmeticulously interrogates public opinioncan reveal the limits of retentionists’ claimsof public support for the death penalty.By enquiring beyond the binary questionof whether or not respondents supportor oppose the death penalty, much morenuanced views emerge.Claims of widespread public supportfor capital punishment can significantlyoverstate the extent of the public’s interestin the issue. One survey of 4,500 peopleundertaken in China in 2007-08 foundthat only 3% of respondents were ‘veryinterested’ in the death penalty, and only aquarter were interested at all.Research in Malaysia in 2012 foundthat only 8% of respondents were ‘veryinterested or concerned’, with 36% ‘notvery’ interested or not at all concerned.Similarly, in a 2015 survey in Accra, Ghana,where the death penalty is mandatory formurder, only 9% of respondents were ‘veryinterested’ in the matter.When faced with calls to join the majority of states worldwide that have now abolished capitalpunishment, a key justification, typically relied upon by retentionist states, is that their citizensare not yet ready for abolition, and that political leaders must represent ‘the will of the people.’Such reasoning obscures the complexity of public opinion on this issue, not least that opinionscan be difficult to accurately ascertain. Indeed, while public opinion on capital punishmentshould not be entirely ignored, research has found that it can be influenced by misconceptionsabout its administration and efficacy.Introducing informationon wrongful convictionsWhere support forcapital punishment isfound, it appears tobe contingenton the beliefthat itsadministration is free fromerrors – a belief underminedby frequent findings of theexecution of innocent personsand of those wrongfully convictedacross all jurisdictions that retainPublic opinion and the death penalty2ContextualisingresponsesLimited interest and concernamong the public in retentionistjurisdictions has been found tobe accompanied by a significantlack of knowledge about the deathpenalty, not least, how often itis used and for which offences.Research conducted in Indonesiain 2019-20 found that only 2%of public respondents consideredthemselves to be ‘very well informed’about the matter.When researchers in Taiwan in 2014presented participants with fourfactual questions about the death penalty,only four out of over 2,000 people knewthe answers to all four questions. Over half(55%), did not know the answers to any.In Trinidad and Tobago, which has avery high rate of homicide, while publicrespondentsto a 2011 surveyexpressed a notablyhigh level of interestin the death penalty,this was not basedon a significant levelof knowledge. Just17% stated that they felt‘very well informed or knewa great deal’, while nearlyhalf (47%) knew ‘little or nothing.’These findings indicate thatpublic opinion in retentioniststates is not salient; it is not basedon a high level of engagementwith the issue, nor on extensiveknowledge of the punishment andits administration.3capital punishment, includingthose with the most stringentdue process protections.When members of the public inChina were asked if they wouldstill support retention ‘if it wereproven to their satisfaction thatinnocent persons had sometimesbeen executed,’ support for the deathpenalty fell from an initial level of 58%to just 25%.When the same question was posedelsewhere, specifically with regard tomurder, support among respondents inTrinidad and Tobago fell from an initialnine out of 10 to just a third, whilesupport among respondents in Singaporefell from nine out of 10 to four out of 10. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/public-opinion-policy-position-paper/ ) [357] => Array ( [objectID] => 21518 [title] => International Law and the Death Penalty Guide [timestamp] => 1667260800 [date] => 01/11/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-law-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The use of capital punishment has been an issue addressed by international human rights law since the earliest days of the United Nations. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in 1948, and an instrument widely recognised as the gold standard for human rights, affirms the right to life and the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The Death Penalty Project produced this resource on international law and the death penalty. [texte] => The DeathPenalty ProjectINTERNATIONALLAW ANDABOLITIONOF THEDEATH PENALTYSubsequent treaties aiming to restrictthe use of the death penaltyHuman rights treaties, both universaland regional, adopted subsequent tothe Universal Declaration, and inspiredby it, have imposed limitations on theuse of capital punishment or prohibitedit altogether. Today, international lawseverely restricts the death penalty andpoints towards its total abolition.The Convention on the Rightsof the Child forbids thedeath penalty withoutexception, although therelevant provisiononly applies topunishmentfor crimes committed when theoffender was under the age of eighteen.Optional Protocols to the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights,the European Convention on HumanRights, and the American Conventionon Human Rights, prohibit capitalpunishment in all circumstances, althoughto a very limited extent exception maybe made for the death penalty in time ofwar. In the case of the abolitionist SecondProtocol to the International Covenanton Civil and Political Rights, which has89 States parties, denunciation of thetreaty is impossible.The Universal Declaration of HumanRights and the right to lifeThe use of capital punishment has been an issue addressed by international humanrights law since the earliest days of the United Nations. The Universal Declarationof Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in 1948, and an instrumentwidely recognised as the gold standard for human rights, affirms the right to life andthe prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.There was considerable debate about whether or not to include an express prohibitionof capital punishment, but the General Assembly opted to remain silent on thesubject. This compromise reflected the realities of the time: the fact that most of theMember States at the time continued to apply the death penalty coupled with anunderstanding that the death penalty was inherently incompatible with the right tolife and the prohibition of torture, and that there was a trend towards its abolition.2International law and abolition of the death penaltyThe importance ofGeneral Comment 36The texts of the international humanrights treaties that concern capitalpunishment are supplemented by asubstantial body of case law developedmainly by the United Nations HumanRights Committee, the European Courtof Human Rights and the InternationalCourt of Justice. In addition, theHuman Rights Committee has issuedauthoritative pronouncements on thesubject, the most important of thembeing its General Comment 36, issuedin November 2018. Authoritativeanalysis of the treaty provisions can alsobe found in expert reports issued byspecial procedures of the Human RightsCouncil, principally those of the specialrapporteurson extrajudicial,summary orarbitrary executionsand on torture and othercruel, inhuman or degradingtreatment or punishment.Every five years the Secretary-General issues a detailed report onthe situation of capital punishmentglobally that summarises recent legaldevelopments. The United NationsGeneral Assembly adopts a biennialresolution calling for a moratoriumon capital punishment as well as otherconstraints on the practice.Regional obligations to restrictthe use of capital punishmentRegional human rights systems have also contributed to the body of international lawgoverning capital punishment. Relevant treaties, declarations, reports and judgmentshave been issued by institutions of the Council of Europe, the Organisation ofAmerican States, the African Union, the League of Arab States, the Organisation forSecurity and Cooperation in Europe, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, theCommonwealth and the Francophonie. The international legal obligations concerningcapital punishment vary somewhat depending upon the practice of a given state aswell as the treaties to which it is a party.3Global progress made towards abolitionSome 110 states have now abolished capital punishment in their domestic law. Thevast majority of these states are parties to one or more of the abolitionist treaties, inaddition to their more general obligations under human rights treaties. Consequently,almost all of the states that have abolished capital punishment in their domesticcriminal justice legislation are prevented by international law from reintroducingthe death penalty. The American Convention on Human Rights explicitly preventsstates that have abolished the death penalty from reintroducing it. The InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights does this implicitly, according to theauthoritative Human Rights Committee.International law also prohibits states that have abolished the death penaltyfrom facilitating its imposition by other countries, for example by transferring orextraditing suspects or providing evidence and other forms of cooperation that maycontribute to convictions where the death penalty is a possible result. In effect, thisis a corollary of their more general obligation not to expel individuals to countrieswhere there is a real risk of torture, ill-treatment and violation of the right to life(non-refoulement).States that havestopped using thedeath penaltyAbout 60 states have not used the deathpenalty for at least ten years althoughthey retain the relevant legislationand may in fact continue topronounce sentences of deathwithout carrying them out.This is known as de factoabolition. History hasshown that manyof the statesthat are nowabolitionist in law had actually ceased usingthe death penalty before taking this step,often as a result of an official moratorium.Recent UN reports show that these statesalmost never revert to the practice ofcapital punishment once a decade withoutan execution has passed. A few states haveactually ratified one of the abolitionisttreaties even though their national lawsstill allow for capital punishment. Anarguable case can be made that in thosestates where the death penalty has notbeen imposed for at least a decade, generallegal obligations under human rightstreaties protecting the right to life and theprohibition of torture prevent them fromimposing capital punishment.International law and abolition of the death penalty45States that continueto use the death penaltyOnly about 30 states in the worldcontinue to use capital punishment. Mostof these only impose it occasionally. Thevast majority of executions are conductedby four or five states. These states arenevertheless constrained in their use ofthe death penalty by international legalstandards resulting either from treaties orcustomary international law. In terms oftreaty law, the most important source isArticle 6 of the International Covenanton Civil and Political Rights. This legaltext specifies that countries which havenot abolished the death penalty may onlyimpose sentence of death for the mostserious crimes in accordance with the lawin force at the time of the commission ofthe crime.The penalty can only be carried outpursuant to a final judgment renderedby a competent court. A personsentenced to death must have the rightto seek pardon or commutation ofthe sentence. Furthermore, amnesty,pardon or commutation of the sentenceof death may be granted in all cases.Finally, sentence of death shall notbe imposed for crimes committedby persons below eighteen years ofage and shall not be carried out onpregnant women. The prohibition onexecution of juvenile offenders is alsoset out in Article 37 of the Conventionon the Rights of the Child. Otherprinciples have been held to followby implication from Article 6 of theCovenant, including the prohibition ofmandatory sentence of death and therequirement that a death sentence canonly be imposed if the trial scrupulouslyrespects internationally recognisedstandards of fairness, including the rightto funded counsel and the availabilityof appeal to a higher court. The deathpenalty may not be imposed upon aperson suffering from mental disorderor impairment. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/international-law-policy-position-paper/ ) [358] => Array ( [objectID] => 20596 [title] => Malaysia and the Politics Behind the Death Penalty: A Tumultuous Relationship. [timestamp] => 1666569600 [date] => 24/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/malaysia-and-the-politics-behind-the-death-penalty-a-tumultuous-relationship/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/malaysia-and-abolition-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 6 October 2022, the Malaysian government tabled bills abolishing the mandatory death penalty. [texte] => On 6 October 2022, the Malaysian government tabled bills abolishing the mandatory death penalty. (more…) "Malaysia and the Politics Behind the Death Penalty: A Tumultuous Relationship. " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [359] => Array ( [objectID] => 20606 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 51st session [timestamp] => 1666569600 [date] => 24/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-51st-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 51st regular session from September 12 to October 7, 2022. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 51st regular session from September 12 to October 7, 2022. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 51st session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [360] => Array ( [objectID] => 20556 [title] => Africa : 3 abolitions of the death penalty in one year [timestamp] => 1666224000 [date] => 20/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/africa-3-abolitions-of-the-death-penalty-in-one-year/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/abolition-africa-500x250.jpg [extrait] => After Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea has adopted a new Penal Code that abolishes the death penalty for ordinary crimes. [texte] => After Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea has adopted a new Penal Code that abolishes the death penalty for ordinary crimes. (more…) "Africa : 3 abolitions of the death penalty in one year" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic [1] => Equatorial Guinea [2] => Sierra Leone ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [361] => Array ( [objectID] => 21168 [title] => Roper and Race: the Nature and Effects of Death Penalty Exclusions for Juveniles and the “Late Adolescent Class” [timestamp] => 1666224000 [date] => 20/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/roper-and-race-the-nature-and-effects-of-death-penalty-exclusions-for-juveniles-and-the-late-adolescent-class/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Roper v. Simmons (2005), the US Supreme Court raised the minimum age at which someone could be subjected to capital punishment, ruling that no one under the age of 18 at the time of their crime could be sentenced to death. The present article discusses the legal context and rationale by which the Court established the current age-based limit on death penalty eligibility as well as the scientific basis for a recent American Psychological Association Resolution that recommended extending that limit to include members of the “late adolescent class” (i.e., persons from 18 to 20 years old). In addition, we present new data that address the little-discussed but important racial/ethnic implications of these age-based limits to capital punishment, both for the already established Roper exclusion and the APA-proposed exclusion for the late adolescent class. In fact, a much higher percentage of persons in the late adolescent class who were sentenced to death in the post-Roper era were non-White, suggesting that their age-based exclusion would help to remedy this problematic pattern. [texte] => In Roper v. Simmons (2005), the US Supreme Court raised the minimum age at which someone could be subjected to capi- tal punishment, ruling that no one under the age of 18 at the time of their crime could be sentenced to death. The present article discusses the legal context and rationale by which the Court established the current age-based limit on death penalty eligibility as well as the scientific basis for a recent American Psychological Association Resolution that recommended extending that limit to include members of the “late adolescent class” (i.e., persons from 18 to 20 years old). In addition, we present new data that address the little-discussed but important racial/ethnic implications of these age-based limits to capital punishment, both for the already established Roper exclusion and the APA-proposed exclusion for the late adolescent class. In fact, a much higher percentage of persons in the late adolescent class who were sentenced to death in the post-Roper era were non-White, suggesting that their age-based exclusion would help to remedy this problematic pattern.Keywords Late adolescent class · Death penalty eligibility · Racial/ethnic consequencesIn a landmark capital case decided nearly 20 years ago, the US Supreme Court ruled that no one under the age of 18 at the time their crime was committed could be sentenced to death (Roper v. Simmons, 2005). The Roper decision over- turned an opinion the Court had rendered a little more than a decade and a half before, Stanford v. Kentucky (1989), which had set the minimum age at 16. The Roper Court premised its decision to modify the age limit on two sets of empirical facts that the majority concluded had significantly changed since its earlier ruling. As evidence of the nation’s “evolv- ing standards of decency” on the issue, the Court cited a new “national consensus” against imposing the death pen- alty on juveniles. In addition, relying on its own reading of then-current social, developmental, and neuropsychological research, the Court concluded that reliable and valid scien- tific evidence had been developed showing that the death penalty was categorically disproportionate for persons underthe age of 18. The latter basis of the Roper Court’s opin- ion—that evidence of behavioral, cognitive, and emotional immaturity lessened legal determinations of culpability so significantly as to require a categorical exclusion from death penalty imposition—is of obvious interest to scholars seek- ing to understand whether and how psychological knowledge can play an important role in constitutional decision-making (e.g., Steele, 2021).Moreover, as we will further discuss, there is now more recent scientific evidence suggesting that Roper’s logic can and should be extended to 18- to 20-year-olds—members of what has been termed the “late adolescent class” (e.g., Leark, 2021), an age group whose neuropsychological status pediatric neuropsychologists are called upon to examine and comment upon in various legal settings, including as miti- gation in capital cases where death is sought as a penalty. (Throughout this article, we use the term “juveniles” to refer to persons aged 17 years and under, and “late adolescent class” to refer to persons 18, 19, and 20 years old.) After reviewing the legal context and logic of Roper’s age-based limitation on the imposition of the death penalty, the present article briefly examines this more recent scientific evidence and discusses how and why it supports applying the Roper age-based exclusion to members of the late adolescent class. In discussing this issue, we acknowledge and rely on, amongother sources, the articles contained in a recent Special Issue of this journal (Leark, 2021) as well as a recent Resolution passed by the American Psychological Association summariz- ing the latest social, developmental, and neuropsychological research and recommending that the same legal rationales used in Roper apply to the late adolescent class. If followed, this Resolution would legally bar 18- to 20-year-olds from being sentenced to death. (The background and history of Resolution that was overwhelmingly approved by the APA’s Council of Representatives is contained in the Appendix A of this article, along with a list of the members of the APA Presidential Task Force who drafted it. The text of the Resolution itself is con- tained in Appendix B). Both appendices are included as the supplementary material in the online version only.The second issue that we address has been largely over- looked in discussions of these age-based exclusions— namely, the degree to which excluding members of the Roper and late adolescent classes from the death penalty disproportionately affects young defendants of Color (those identified as Black, Latino, and Other). In examining the racial/ethnic consequences of implementing Roper’s already existing exclusion and its potential extension to the late ado- lescent class, we analyze a comprehensive database of death penalty verdicts rendered between 1972—immediately fol- lowing the post-Furman v. Georgia (1972) reinstatement of capital punishment in the United States—and the end of 2021. We focus specifically on the intersection of age and race/ethnicity in the distribution of the death sentences ren- dered in capital cases over that time period. To the extent to which death sentences were and still are disproportionately imposed on young persons of Color, the Roper and potential late adolescent class exclusions indirectly operate to allevi- ate this specific form of racial bias.The Legal Context and Logic of RoperAlthough its actual application is very much debated, long- standing constitutional doctrine provides that only persons who commit the very worst crimes and manifest the greatest degree of culpability may be subjected to the worst punish- ment (i.e., capital punishment). Under existing death penalty statutes, the determination of whether someone is eligible for the death penalty turns in part on the nature of the crime for which they have been convicted (i.e., only certain crimes that have additional factors associated with them that presumably make them “the worst” qualify). In addition, jurors are given discretion to decide whether they believe a capital defendant is so culpable that he or she deserves to be sentenced to death— typically through a process by which jurors are instructed to balance and weigh negative or “aggravating” factors against positive or “mitigating” factors pertaining to the crime(s) and to the person’s background and other characteristics.As death penalty doctrine has evolved, however, rather than relying wholly on prosecutors and juries to make case- by-case determinations of the seriousness of the crime and the culpability of the defendant, the Court has imposed cer- tain limited prohibitions against death penalty eligibility (e.g., Haney et al., 2015). Thus, in addition to establishing that no person convicted of a crime in which there was no loss of life can be “death-eligible” (Louisiana v. Kennedy, 2008), defendants with certain characteristics are now, as a group, exempt from capital punishment. For example, per- sons who have “intellectual disabilities”—what the Court described as “not only subaverage intellectual functioning, but also significant limitations in adaptive skills such as communication, self-care, and self-direction that became manifest before age 18” (Atkins v. Virginia, 2002, p. 318)— cannot be sentenced to death.Another notable categorical prohibition, and the focus of the present article, pertains to the age of the defendant. In deciding that defendants who were not yet 18 at the time of the crime with which they were accused cannot be sentenced to death, the Court in Roper v. Simmons (2005) analyzed two very different kinds of empirical evidence. The first kind, which the Court characterized as providing it with “essen- tial instruction” (p. 564), focused on the level of societal acceptance of the practice; that is, whether there was now a national consensus against applying the death penalty to juveniles (i.e., persons under the age of 18). Looking primar- ily at the enactments of state legislatures and other related official practices (including states banning the juvenile death penalty, declining to use it when it was possible to do so, and commuting death sentences that previously had been imposed on juveniles), and using them as indices of “evolv- ing standards of decency,” the Court concluded that “today our society views juveniles as “categorically less culpable’” than adults (p. 567, quoting Atkins).In addition to considering evidence of a national con- sensus, the Roper Court then brought its “own independ- ent judgment” to bear on the question. Explicitly consid- ering what was then-current psychological research, the Court reached three important empirical conclusions about the characteristics of persons under the age of 18. Specifi- cally, the Court concluded that, in comparison to adults:responsibility made them more likely to engage in “impetu- ous and ill-considered actions and decisions” (p. 569), (2) juveniles were less emotionally stable and simultaneously more “vulnerable and susceptible to negative influences and outside pressures… in their whole environment” (p. 569–570) and, finally, (3) that because the “character of a juvenile” was “more transitory, less fixed” and “not as well formed,” persons under the age of 18 were more capable of being “reformed” (p. 570). Although explicit citations to the psychological literature in the Court’s opinion were notJournal of Pediatric Neuropsychologyextensive, their empirical assertions were buttressed with several references to key developmental research on the behavioral, cognitive, and emotional limitations of adoles- cents (specifically, Arnett, 1992; Steinberg & Scott, 2003) and to venerable work on social identity formation by Erik Erikson (1968).In combination, the three fundamental w [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://documents.deathpenaltyinfo.org/pdf/Roper_and_Race_the_Nature_and_Effects_of_Death_Pen.pdf ) [362] => Array ( [objectID] => 20801 [title] => Deeply Rooted: How Racial History Informs Oklahoma’s Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1665705600 [date] => 14/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deeply-rooted-how-racial-history-informs-oklahomas-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => These individual cases illustrate issues found in systemic reviews of the state’s death penalty system. In 2017, a bipartisan commission that included former prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges, citizens, crime victim advocates, and law professors found that the state’s capital punishment system created “unacceptable risks of inconsistent, discriminatory, and inhumane application of the death penalty.” In an extensively researched report, the commission recommended a moratorium on executions until reforms were made. Five years later, Oklahoma has enacted “virtually none” of the suggested reforms. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:Death Penalty Information Center About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet Donate Email Facebook TwitterHome Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal Info Facebook Share Tweet Tweet Email EmailDeeply Rooted: How Racial History Informs Oklahoma’s Death PenaltyPosted on Oct 14, 2022 Race Oklahoma DOWNLOAD FULL REPORT READ THE PRESS RELEASE Fact Sheet Introduction Key Facts Fact Sheet Infographics Introduction …in our case the segregation based upon racial distinctions is in accord with the deeply rooted social policy of the State of Oklahoma.McLaurin v. Okla. State Regents for Higher Ed., 87 F. Supp. 528, 531 (W.D. Okla. 1949)Oklahoma’s death penalty is at a crossroads. On August 25, 2022, Oklahoma executed the first person in a series of 25 executions set to occur nearly every month through 2024. The projected increase in executions in Oklahoma comes while the death penalty is in decline nationwide; 2021 had the fewest executions since 1988. Furthermore, Oklahoma’s planned executions are scheduled to move forward despite evidence that there are serious problems with Oklahoma’s death penalty that the state has done little to address.Death penalty cases in Oklahoma have garnered significant media attention in recent years, providing the public with tangible examples of systemic issues with the state’s capital punishment system. Most recently, Richard Glossip’s case has been championed by more than 60 Oklahoma legislators—most of whom are Republicans—who believe he may be innocent. A recent report produced by more than 30 lawyers who spent 3,000 hours investigating Glossip’s case found possible prosecutorial and police misconduct, inadequate defense lawyering, and facts inconsistent with the prosecutor’s version of events presented at trial. The report highlighted a number of facts that undermine Glossip’s conviction. No physical or forensic evidence ties Glossip to the crime, and recent discoveries have revealed that, at the direction of the Oklahoma County District Attorney’s Office, the Oklahoma City Police Department destroyed boxes of evidence before Glossip’s second trial. His conviction hinged primarily on the statements of a codefendant who received a reduced sentence in exchange for his testimony implicating Glossip. Glossip received a temporary stay of execution in August 2022 and is currently scheduled to be executed on December 8, 2022.A coalition of diverse stakeholders brought Julius Jones’ case to prominence by highlighting misconduct, racial justice issues, and his strong innocence claims. Jones, a Black man, was sentenced to death by a nearly all-white jury in 2002. He was prosecuted by a district attorney whose tenure was marred by misconduct, and his court-appointed trial lawyers did not investigate or present key evidence. As in Glossip’s case, Jones’ conviction relied heavily on a witness who was given a substantially reduced sentence in exchange for his testimony. An arresting officer and a juror used racial slurs to describe Jones, reflecting the pervasive racial bias that permeated his case. After years of public pressure, Jones’ sentence was commuted in 2021 to life without the possibility of parole. The Justice for Julius coalition is still fighting for his release.These individual cases illustrate issues found in systemic reviews of the state’s death penalty system. In 2017, a bipartisan commission that included former prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges, citizens, crime victim advocates, and law professors found that the state’s capital punishment system created “unacceptable risks of inconsistent, discriminatory, and inhumane application of the death penalty.” In an extensively researched report, the commission recommended a moratorium on executions until reforms were made. Five years later, Oklahoma has enacted “virtually none” of the suggested reforms.Investigations into the state’s execution procedures have called into question Oklahoma’s ability to perform executions “with the precision and attention to detail” necessary. A grand jury investigating Oklahoma’s execution procedures following Charles Warner’s execution and Richard Glossip’s near execution in 2015 in which the department of corrections obtained the wrong execution drug, found a multitude of serious problems with following the state’s legally mandated executed procedures. The grand jury discovered that most people involved in the execution process did not know what the protocol required. A pharmacist ordered the wrong execution drug, and no one completed the requisite checks to ensure the correct drug was ordered. And when, hours before Glossip’s scheduled execution, it was revealed that the execution team had obtained the wrong drug, the Governor’s General Counsel encouraged the department of corrections to proceed with the execution without informing the public of the mistake. The grand jury report described these failures as shaking the confidence in the state’s ability to carry out the death penalty.Despite the lack of action on recognized problems with the state’s administration of the death penalty, Oklahoma has taken steps toward addressing other criminal legal reform issues. It is one of only ten states that has passed legislation to regulate jailhouse informants. It has also passed legislation to reform the use of eyewitness identification and to reduce the incidence of false confessions. Oklahoma legislators have (unsuccessfully) tried creating a Conviction Integrity Review Unit for death penalty cases that allows people on death row to present new evidence in their cases. Prior efforts show that reform is possible, but with two dozen executions looming, Oklahoma’s criminal legal system is facing an inflection point.To understand Oklahoma’s present-day death penalty, it is important to understand the state’s history—particularly the legacies of racial violence and Jim Crow that have created deep-rooted racial tensions that persist today. Building upon the Death Penalty Information Center’s 2020 report, Enduring Injustice, this report explores the connections between Oklahoma’s racial history and its modern use of the death penalty.To learn more, read DPIC’s full report Deeply Rooted: How Racial History Informs Oklahoma’s Death Penalty.Key FactsBelow are key facts from the Deeply Rooted report. There have been racial disparities in executions since before Oklahoma was granted statehood. The earliest recorded execution in Oklahoma was in 1841. Of the 39 people executed in the 19th century, 31 (79%) were Native American men and 6 were Black men. The first recorded execution of a white person was in 1899. Since 1976, 41% (48/117) of the people Oklahoma has executed have been people of color. Black people make up the majority of the people of color executed in the modern era of the death penalty (37/48). Oklahoma has a history of defying Supreme Court racial justice decisions. Oklahoma has a long history of defying U.S. Supreme Court decisions that sought to promote equality before the law and the sovereignty of Native American people. After the Supreme Court ordered Oklahoma to provide Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher—a Black woman rejected from the University of Oklahoma College of Law because of her race—access to law school, the state legislature created a new “law school” exclusively for Sipuel Fisher in a State Capitol Senate room. The “school” had three instructors and no plan of study. Oklahoma reversed course only after Sipuel Fisher’s attorneys brought the matter back to the Supreme Court and the Attorney General expected the state would lose. Most recently in McGirt v. Oklahoma, the Supreme Court held that Oklahoma lacked jurisdiction to prosecute Native American people for crimes committed on tribal lands, which included much of eastern Oklahoma. On the same day it ruled in McGirt’s favor, the Court retroactively applied its holding to Patrick Murphy’s pending case, in which Murphy, a Muscogee man, was challenging Oklahoma’s jurisdiction because his crime was committed on tribal land. Deviating from the Supreme Court’s holding in Murphy’s case, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals refused to retroactively apply McGirt to other cases. The 25 people Oklahoma scheduled for execution disproportionately represent the most vulnerable populations. The men scheduled for execution over the next two years are overwhelmingly members of highly vulnerable populations, rather than the most morally culpable offenders. Nearly all face one or more significant vulnerabilities, including serious mental illness, intellectual deficiencies, brain damage, and chronic childhood abuse and neglect. Seven of the ten Black men scheduled for execution were 25 years old or younger at the time of their crime, including three who were 20 or younger. Most of the men have been diagnosed with serious mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. At least eight have documented evidence of brain damage. One of the men, Michael Smith, has provided courts extensive documentation of a lifelong disability but Oklahoma has denied him a hearing to present that evidence. The men scheduled for execution have been subjected to a multitude of adverse childhood experiences, including serious physical, emotional, and/or sexual abuse. Several have significant evidence of innocence. Seventeen of the 25 were sentenced to death in Oklahoma or Tulsa counties, both of which are national outliers as a result of their voracious execution rates. On average, capital cases are over three times more expensive than non-capital cases in Oklahoma, not including the differences in the costs of keeping someone on death row. Conservative estimates place the average cost of an Oklahoma death penalty case at approximately $161,000, even before considering the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-special-reports/deeply-rooted-how-racial-history-informs-oklahomas-death-penalty ) [363] => Array ( [objectID] => 20499 [title] => Geometrical Justice: The Death Penalty in America [timestamp] => 1665532800 [date] => 12/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/geometrical-justice-the-death-penalty-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In their new book, released in the Summer of 2022, University of Denver criminology and sociology professor Scott Phillips and University of Georgia sociologist Mark Cooney apply the concept of “social geometry,” developed in the 1970s by sociologist Donald Black, to analyze outcomes of capital cases. After reviewing extensive data collected in connection with the landmark Baldus Study of capital sentencing in Georgia and from the national Capital Jury Project, they conclude that the sentencing outcomes in the cases in those databases support key principles of Black’s theory: the higher the social status of the victim and the lower the social status of the defendant, the more likely a death sentence will be imposed. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:Death Penalty Information Center About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet Donate Email Facebook TwitterHome Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal InfoNewsBOOKS: “Geometrical Justice: The Death Penalty in America” Facebook Share Tweet Tweet Email Email Posted on Sep 14, 2022 Sentencing Data BOOKS: “Geometrical Justice: The Death Penalty in America”The outcome of a capital prosecution can be predicted based upon the relative social status of the victim, the defendant, and the jurors, applying a sociology concept known as the geometrical theory of law, according to the authors of a new book, Geometrical Justice: The Death Penalty in America.In their new book, released in the Summer of 2022, University of Denver criminology and sociology professor Scott Phillips and University of Georgia sociologist Mark Cooney apply the concept of “social geometry,” developed in the 1970s by sociologist Donald Black, to analyze outcomes of capital cases. After reviewing extensive data collected in connection with the landmark Baldus Study of capital sentencing in Georgia and from the national Capital Jury Project, they conclude that the sentencing outcomes in the cases in those databases support key principles of Black’s theory: the higher the social status of the victim and the lower the social status of the defendant, the more likely a death sentence will be imposed.Black first introduced the concept of a “geometrical theory of law” in his 1976 book, The Behavior of Law (1976). The theory, Phillips and Cooney explain, posits that the “outcome of a case depends on its social geometry — the location, direction, and the distance of the case in social space.” Social space, put simply, is that “realm of reality humans create through interacting with one another,” and consists of five dimensions: (1) “vertical status” (i.e., wealth); (2) “radial status” (i.e., the degree of involvement in social institutions, such as family, work, religious institutions, politics); (3) “cultural status” (i.e., conventional versus unconventional social traits); (4) “normative status” (i.e., perceived respectability); and (5) “organizational status” (i.e., capacity for collective action).The authors obtained data from two premier studies of capital punishment to perform their research. Their first dataset was an updated (2020) version of the data from the late University of Iowa law professor and social scientist David Baldus and his colleagues’ study on race and the death penalty, which formed the basis of the constitutional challenge to Georgia’s racially disproportionate application of capital punishment case in McCleskey v. Kemp in 1987. Second, they analyzed data from the National Science Foundation-funded Capital Jury Project, to examine the impact of a juror’s social status on capital sentencing decisions.Using data from the updated Baldus study data, Phillips and Cooney coded values for defendants and victims along all five social dimensions, producing an overall status score. They found that those with the highest social status scores were “professionals (e.g. doctor, accountant), a parent supporting a child, White, had a clean criminal record, or were state officials.”Phillips and Cooney then sought to test three key propositions of Black’s theory. First, “downward law is greater than upward law” — that is, individuals with cumulatively higher social status scores will tend to receive more favorable treatment under the law against individuals of cumulatively lower social status than low status individuals will receive against higher status individuals. Second, “law varies directly with social status” — the higher the social status the greater likelihood of favorable treatment under the law. Third, “law increases with social distance,” which means that incidents involving strangers will receive a greater “quantity of law” than incidents involving non-strangers. Applied in the context of capital punishment, Phillips and Cooney explain, a greater “quantity of law” — read as a harsher punishment — would mean a death sentence as opposed to life in prison.Phillips’ and Cooney’s analysis of the death penalty sentencing data produced statistically significant support for the three key propositions of Black’s “geometric justice” theory. Their comparison of the relative social statuses of victims and defendants revealed that 11% of cases involving victims of higher social status than the defendant resulted in death sentences, as compared to only one percent cases in which the victim was of lower social status. That, they said, showed that downward cases are more likely to receive a death sentence than upward cases.In situations in which the parties were of approximately equal status, they found that death sentences involving higher status victims were more likely to result in death sentences (7% of cases) than cases involving lower status victims (1% of cases). Those results, they said, validated Black’s suggestion that “law varies directly with social status.” Acknowledging the original findings of the Baldus study, which after a regression analysis that controlled for hundreds of factors found that “the probability of a death sentence was greater in White victim cases,” the authors repeated their analysis, removing race from the measure of status. They found that without the explicit consideration of race, the “underlying pattern is the same,” that the “social status of the parties helps to predict who gets sentenced to death.” While supporting Black’s theory, the analysis did not take into consideration the impact of race in influencing each of the five dimensions of social status that went into the overall assessment of an individual’s social status.Supporting Black’s proposition that “law increases with social distance,” Phillips and Cooney found that defendants were more likely to be sentenced to death for killing a stranger (17% of cases) than for homicides in which the victim and defendant knew one another (3% of cases).The authors also calculated the likelihood of a death sentence based on the social status scores of the empaneled juries, using data from the Capital Jury Project. Coding nine variables to calculate each juror’s social status, they found that high status jurors were more likely to vote for death than lower status jurors.TAGS Juries Victims SourcesScott Phillips and Mark Cooney, Geometrical Justice: The Death Penalty in America (2022).Intellectual DisabilityOct 07, 2022Atkins at 20: Assessing the Purported Ban on Executing Individuals with Intellectual DisabilitiesAtkins at 20: Assessing the Purported Ban on Executing Individuals with Intellectual DisabilitiesMental IllnessOct 05, 2022With Execution Looming, Judge Denies Competency Hearing for Oklahoma Death-Row Prisoner Benjamin ColeWith Execution Looming, Judge Denies Competency Hearing for Oklahoma Death-Row Prisoner Benjamin ColeRaceOct 04, 2022New Study Finds Significant Race-of-Victim Disparities in St. Louis County Death SentencingNew Study Finds Significant Race-of-Victim Disparities in St. Louis County Death SentencingJoin our mailing listDeath Penalty Information Center Email Facebook Twitter Policy Issues Arbitrariness Costs Deterrence Innocence Intellectual Disability Juveniles International Mental Illness Prosecutorial Accountability Race Representation Sentencing Alternatives Victims' FamiliesFacts & Research Fact Sheet Death Penalty Census Clemency Crimes Punishable by Death DPIC Reports History of the Death Penalty Innocence Database Murder Rates Public Opinion Recent Legislative Activity Religion Sentencing Data Student Research Center United States Supreme CourtExecutions Executions Overview Upcoming Executions Execution Database Methods of Execution Botched Executions Lethal InjectionDeath Row Death Row Overview Conditions on Death Row Foreign Nationals Native Americans Time on Death Row WomenState & Federal Info State by State Federal Death Penalty MilitaryAbout About Us Staff & Board of Directors DPIC in the Media DPIC Testimony Press Releases Work for DPICFor the MediaResources Related Websites Publications & Testimony DPIC Podcasts DPIC Reports New Voices En EspañolFor EducatorsFact SheetDonateDeath Penalty Information Center | 1701 K Street NW Suite 205 Washington, DC 20006Phone: 202-289-2275 | Email: dpic@deathpenaltyinfo.orgPrivacy Policy | ©2022 Death Penalty Information CenterShare this selection Tweet Facebook [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.routledge.com/Geometrical-Justice-The-Death-Penalty-in-America/Phillips-Cooney/p/book/9781032009865 ) [364] => Array ( [objectID] => 20802 [title] => Death Penalty in Pakistan [timestamp] => 1665360000 [date] => 10/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-pakistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The implementation of capital punishment has seen substantial shifts over the course of the past decade. During the period from the end of a moratorium on executions in December 2014 to August 2019, an estimated 1,800 death sentences were imposed across the entire court system and 520 people were executed. Various amendments to Pakistan’s criminal law over the past several decades have resulted in a list of 33 offenses, most of which are far removed from the definition of the “most serious crimes” under international law. A full list of offences is attached at the end of the report. [texte] => Donate Now Home About Approach Who is the Murderer Projects Resources ContactFollow Us+92 423 628 6415 HomeDeath Penalty in PakistanDeath Penalty in PakistanDate.10 Oct, 2022This is the first edition of the annual statistics report, Death Penalty in Pakistan: Data Mapping Capital Punishment. The aim of this report is to statistically analyse the implementation of death penalty in Pakistan. The implementation of capital punishment has seen substantial shifts over the course of the past decade. During the period from the end of a moratorium on executions in December 2014 to August 2019, an estimated 1,800 death sentences were imposed across the entire court system and 520 people were executed. Various amendments to Pakistan’s criminal law over the past several decades have resulted in a list of 33 offenses, most of which are far removed from the definition of the “most serious crimes” under international law. A full list of offences is attached at the end of the report.The data used in this report is primary data collected by JPP from Provincial Prison departments, Punjab Police, and 33 prisons across the country. We are continuously improving our data collection and management systems to fill the data gaps. DownloadGet InvolvedDesign & developed by venturerepublic.net [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://jpp.org.pk/report/death-penalty-in-pakistan/ ) [365] => Array ( [objectID] => 20531 [title] => The Court is Satisfied with the Confession: Bahrain Death Sentences Follow Torture, Sham Trials [timestamp] => 1665360000 [date] => 10/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-court-is-satisfied-with-the-confession-bahrain-death-sentences-follow-torture-sham-trials/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In a February 2019 letter to the United Nations Office in Geneva, the government of Bahrain claimed that its courts “actually hand down very few death sentences.” In fact, since 2011, courts in Bahrain have sentenced 51 people to death, and the state has executed six since the end of a de facto moratorium on executions in 2017. As of June 2022, 26 men were on death row, and all have exhausted their appeals. Under Bahraini law, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa has the power to ratify these sentences, commute them, or grant pardons. [texte] => Skip to cookie privacy noticeSkip to main contentHelp us continue to fight human rights abuses. Please give now to support our workSummarySearchDonate NowA collage of photos of 8 different menOctober 10, 2022“The Court is Satisfied with the Confession”Bahrain Death Sentences Follow Torture, Sham TrialsAvailable In English العربية(Top row): Maher Abbas al-Khabbaz; Sayed Ahmed al-Abar; Zuhair Ebrahim Jasim Abdullah; Husain Ebrahim Ali Husain Marzooq. (Bottom row): Husain Moosa; Mohamed Ramadhan; Husain Ali Mehdi; Salman Isa Ali Salman. All photos © PrivateSummaryOctober 10, 2022 News ReleaseBahrain: Death Sentences Follow Torture, Sham TrialsA collage of photos of 8 different menIn a February 2019 letter to the United Nations Office in Geneva, the government of Bahrain claimed that its courts “actually hand down very few death sentences.” In fact, since 2011, courts in Bahrain have sentenced 51 people to death, and the state has executed six since the end of a de facto moratorium on executions in 2017. As of June 2022, 26 men were on death row, and all have exhausted their appeals. Under Bahraini law, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa has the power to ratify these sentences, commute them, or grant pardons. While the death penalty is not absolutely prohibited under international human rights law, article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), dealing with the right to life, requires that death sentences “may be imposed only for the most serious crimes.” In the February 2019 letter to the United Nations, the Bahraini government wrote that the death penalty is “applied solely as a penalty for extremely serious offenses, such as premeditated murder as an aggravating circumstance.” The United Nations General Assembly, beginning in 2007 and most recently in 2020, passed resolutions calling on states to impose a moratorium on their use of the death penalty. Presently, some 170 states have abolished the death penalty or introduced a moratorium on its use in law or in practice, reflecting a growing international consensus against its use.Article 14 of the ICCPR details fundamental fair trial rights, starting with the presumption of innocence. Bahrain acceded to the ICCPR on September 20, 2006. Bahrain’s constitution affirms that “an accused person is innocent until proven guilty.” The UN Human Rights Committee, which monitors state compliance with the ICCPR, has determined that in death penalty cases “scrupulous respect of the guarantees of fair trial is particularly important.”Article 7 of the ICCPR prohibits torture and ill-treatment, and article 14(3)(g) states that a person is “not to be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt.” Bahrain is also a state party to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Bahrain’s constitution also prohibits torture and ill-treatment as well as the use of coerced confessions against criminal defendants at trial. Bahrain’s Code of Criminal Procedure includes the same prohibition against the admission of coerced confessions and other basic fair trial requirements such as access to a lawyer and the right to cross-examine witnesses.In the prosecutions resulting in death sentences examined in this report, Bahraini courts manifestly failed to protect fundamental fair trial rights as provided for in international and Bahraini law. In other cases, the courts meted out death sentences for charges not involving the gravest offenses, namely non-violent drug crimes, violating international and Bahraini law. This report documents that, in case after case, courts convicted defendants of the crime of homicide and sentenced them to death based solely or primarily on confessions that the defendants (or co-defendants) alleged were coerced through torture and ill-treatment. In these cases, courts repeatedly failed to observe the requirements of international and Bahraini law that courts ensure any allegations of torture or ill-treatment are impartially investigated and that, only if a genuine investigation deems the torture allegations unfounded, may a confession be received into evidence. These cases were plagued by other violations of key rights as well, including the right to counsel and the right to confront government witnesses. For these reasons, it is clear that the state failed to respect the presumption of innocence in the six homicide cases addressed in detail below, which resulted in eight people being sentenced to death. In the cases this report examines in detail the charged crimes were serious, typically involving the death of a police officer in a violent protest. These eight persons are among 26 currently on death row in Bahrain and they have exhausted all avenues of appeal. They can be executed once the king ratifies their sentences. The seriousness of the charges in these cases was not matched by the seriousness of the prosecutions and court rulings that resulted in the death sentences. Each case involved credible allegations of confessions extracted through torture and ill-treatment, often supported even by cursory medical examinations that government doctors conducted. In some cases, prosecutors appeared to be complicit in these abuses. In all cases, the prosecution and the courts failed to genuinely investigate, or to credit the results of those investigations that were carried out, into the alleged torture and ill-treatment.In one prosecution examined below, police arrested Maher Abbas al-Khabbaz in connection with the February 2013 killing of a police officer. Al-Khabbaz alleged that officers suspended him in the air with a metal bar and beat him in an attempt to force him to confess. A forensic doctor with the Public Prosecution Office concluded that al-Khabbaz had injuries consistent with his allegations. Police also arrested al-Khabbaz’s brother, Fadhel, in connection with the same case. Fadhel said that officers kicked him, suspended him in the air, and beat him with a hard object until he signed a “confession” he was not allowed to see. A medical report indicated that Fadhel also had injuries consistent with his allegations of abuse.The trial court sentenced Maher al-Khabbaz to death in February 2014, based on purported confessions that implicated him by Fadhel and several other defendants, who also alleged coercion. The court took no steps to investigate whether the confessions were voluntary, writing that there was no evidence that any abuse “was [done] with the intention of forcing a confession.” Thus, the court focused on the subjective intent of the officers alleged to have tortured the defendants, rather than on the critical questions of whether the defendants were tortured and the confessions resulted from the torture.An appellate court summarily affirmed Maher al-Khabbaz’s conviction, but in December 2015, the Court of Cassation reversed the judgment due to concerns about the confessions and directed the appellate court to examine the allegations of mistreatment. The appellate court ignored that directive and concluded a second time that the convictions were proper, on the same grounds it had cited in its first decision. In January 2018, the Court of Cassation inexplicably affirmed the second appellate decision even though it did nothing to address the flaws the Court of Cassation had earlier identified. As a result, al-Khabbaz today is on death row.In a different case, police arrested Zuhair Ebrahim Jasim Abdullah in November 2017 for his purported involvement in the killing of a police officer. Abdullah alleged that security officers removed his clothing and attempted to rape him, used electric shocks on his chest and genitals, deprived him of sleep for several weeks, and threatened to rape his wife. Prior to his trial, Abdullah filed complaints with the Ministry of Interior’s Office of the Ombudsman and the Special Investigation Unit (SIU), governmental bodies responsible for investigating alleged abuses. According to Abdullah, in his complaint, he claimed that he had confessed falsely to stop the torture the officers were inflicting on him.During Abdullah’s trial, he argued his confession had been coerced and that the case should be stayed until the SIU-Ombudsman investigations were complete. The court denied this request and dismissed the torture allegations, stating in its verdict that it was “assured of the validity and seriousness of [the] investigations.” The court sentenced Abdullah to death in November 2018, based almost entirely on his confession.An appellate court rejected Abdullah’s appeal, including arguments about coercion, finding that the “verdict ensured a justified and proper response” to those arguments. The appellate court concluded further it had been proper not to adjourn the case because Abdullah’s complaints were “still under investigation” – the very reason why the case should have been stayed. The Court of Cassation affirmed the verdict in June 2020.In February 2014, government officers arrested Mohamed Ramadhan and Husain Moosa in connection with the death of a police officer several days earlier. Ramadhan and Moosa claimed that security personnel subjected them to repeated torture and ill-treatment during their detention to force them to confess falsely to orchestrating the officer’s killing. Physicians from the Ministry of Interior and Public Prosecution Office concluded Moosa had various injuries in the days after his arrest – injuries that were consistent with Moosa’s claims of physical abuse.The only evidence inculpating Ramadhan and Moosa was their confessions and those of four co-defendants who also claimed they had been coerced into confessing. The trial court’s verdict did not respond to Ramadhan’s arguments about coercion or even mention that the four co-defendants had claimed coercion. The court rejected Moosa’s arguments for reasons that were contradicted by medical records, internally inconsistent in describing Moosa’s co [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/10/10/court-satisfied-confession/bahrain-death-sentences-follow-torture-sham-trials ) [366] => Array ( [objectID] => 20447 [title] => Joint statement on the death penalty and human rights of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals [timestamp] => 1665360000 [date] => 10/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-day-20th-anniversary-joint-statement/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/intersectionality-500x250.jpg [extrait] => 20th World Day against the Death Penalty On this 20th anniversary of the World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to the link between torture and the use of the death penalty and in continuation of the 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women facing capital punishment, sentenced to death, executed, pardoned […] [texte] => 20th World Day against the Death PenaltyOn this 20th anniversary of the World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to the link between torture and the use of the death penalty and in continuation of the 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women facing capital punishment, sentenced to death, executed, pardoned or charged with a capital crime and found not guilty, the members of the World Coalition and allies of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals sentenced to death take this opportunity to:Draw attention to gender bias in the use of torture in the judicial process leading to the imposition of the death penalty. Women and LGBTQIA+ individuals are particularly at risk to abuse, including physical, sexual, and psychological torture. In addition, women victims of gender-based violence, who are over-represented on death row, are at risk of making false confessions when subjected to coercive investigative methods, especially those carried out by men. Emphasize that violence against women and LGBTQIA+ individuals in detention - including gender and sexual abuse and harassment, inappropriate touching during searches, rape, and sexual coercion - can rise to the level of torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, in violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the Convention Against Torture (CAT), among others.Accentuate that women and LGBTQIA+ individuals have specific needs, including sexual and reproductive health care, medical and mental health care, harm reduction services for those using drugs, and protection from gender-based violence, among others. These needs are not systematically considered and covered in prisons, which can turn detention into torture. Stress that in many countries, particularly those with the mandatory death penalty, women and LGBTQIA+ individuals may be sentenced to death without considering their experiences of gender-based violence, among their other vulnerability aspects, prior to incarceration.More broadly, the members of the World Coalition and allies of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals sentenced to death and at risk of being sentenced to death wish to use this 20th anniversary to:Emphasize that, as done by the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions in its 2022 report, the death penalty as currently practiced can be considered as torture. Call attention to the intersectional discrimination and inequalities that women and LGBTQIA+ individuals face, as these can negatively impact the judicial process leading to the death penalty. Pervasive gender biases in criminal legal systems influence: the investigation, through gender bias by law enforcement; the trial, where marginalized women and LGBTQIA+ individuals tend to be denied fair trial; and at the sentencing stage, where mitigating circumstances that might benefit women and LGBTQIA+ individuals sentenced to death are not considered.Recall that, in violation of international human right law and standards, 12 countries continue to criminalize consensual same-sex relations, imposing the death penalty upon conviction. Address the recognition of the intersectional dimension of discrimination. An analysis of the profiles of women sentenced to death reveals that most are from ethnic and racial minorities, are non-literate, and live with intellectual or psychological disabilities, often as a result of the gender-based violence they have suffered. Gender-based discrimination does not operate in isolation but is compounded by other forms of discrimination, including discrimination based on age, race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, sex characteristics, economic status, and disability, among others.Make visible the lack of accurate and up-to-date data on the number and status of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals sentenced to death, executed, or whose death sentences have been commuted or pardoned.We recommend that governments in countries that still retain the death penalty:Abolish the death penalty for all offences, regardless of gender, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics;Establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty, as called for by the UN General Assembly in its resolutions calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty;Pending full abolition, we call on governments to:Eliminate the death penalty for offences that do not meet the threshold of “most serious crimes” under international law and standards including same-sex relationships and drug offences;Repeal provisions that allow for the mandatory imposition of the death penalty, which does not allow judges to consider the circumstances of the offence for the defendant at sentencing;Commute the sentences of women sentenced to death for killing close family members who perpetrated gender-based violence against them and for women sentenced to death for drug trafficking and other offenses that do not involve the loss of human life; Acknowledge the compounding forms of violence and discrimination experienced by girls, women and LGBTQIA+ individuals – including gender-based violence, early and forced marriage; Review laws, criminal procedures, and judicial practices and implement policies and legislative reforms to protect women and LGBTQIA+ individuals from violence and discrimination;Ensure that the criminal legal system takes full account of any mitigating factors linked to women’s and LGBTQIA+ individuals’ backgrounds, including evidence of prior abuse as well as psycho-social and intellectual disabilities;Ensure publicly available disaggregated data on people sentenced to death, their profile, age, gender, the courts that have pronounced the judgements charges and places of detention;Prevent the disproportionate detention and prosecution of women for “moral and sexual” crimes and of people for their sexual orientation and decriminalize such offenses;Promote the training of all those involved in the investigation, legal defense, prosecution, trial, adjudication and conviction of crimes involving women on gender-based discrimination and violence, pathways to crime, and gender-sensitive mitigations;Ensure that all those facing the death penalty have access to free and effective legal representation by counsel with experience representing individuals charged with capital offences and who are trained to recognize and bring forward mitigating factors, including those linked to gender-based discrimination and violence;Develop and implement programs to prevent gender-based violence and discrimination, and to promote the human rights of women, girls and LGBTQIA individuals+;Guarantee access to consular assistance for foreign women charged with death-eligible offenses, as required by the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations; In accordance with the Bangkok Rules and the Mandela Rules, adopt gender-sensitive policies regarding the detention of women, ensuring their safety and security before trial, during admission to prison, and while incarcerated.Signatory organizations:ACAT GermanyAdvocAidThe Advocates for Human RightsAmerican Constitution SocietyAnti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN)Association pour les Droits Humains au Kurdistan d'Iran-Genève (KMMK-G)Avocats sans frontières FranceCapital Punishment Justice ProjectCenter for Constitutional RightsCoalition Tunisienne Contre la Peine de mortColegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto RicoCornell Center on the Death Penalty WorldwideThe Death Penalty ProjectDroit et PaixEnsemble Contre la Peine de MortFederal Association of Vietnamese Refugees in the Federal Republic of GermanyFédération internationale pour les droits humains (FIDH)Fédération internationale des ACAT (FIACAT)Forum Marocain pour la Vérité et la JusticeGender Violence Clinic - University of Maryland Carey School of LawGerman Coalition to Abolish the Death PenaltGlobal Alliance Against Traffic in WomenGreater Caribbean for LifeHarm Reduction InternationalHuman Rights Activists in IranHuman Rights and Legal Profession Project AssistantInternational Commission of JuristInstitute for Criminal Justice ReformInstitute for the Rule of Law of the International Association of LawyersIraQueerItalian Federation for Human RightsJapan Innocence and Death Penalty Information CenterKenya Human Rights CommissionLawyers Collective IndiaLembaga Bantuan Hukum MasyarakatLigue des droits de l’Homme (LDH)Madrid Bar AssociationMASUM & PACTIMouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples (MRAP)Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA)Pax Christi UviraPenal Reform InternationalPersatuan Sahabat Wanita SelangorRed para la Abolición de la Pena de Muerte y las Penas CruelesResilient Women's OrganizationPlanète Réfugiés-Droits de l'HommeThe Rights PracticeSandigan KuwaitThe Sentencing ProjectSociety for Human Rights and Development Organisation (SHRDO)Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP)Terre des Femmes e.V.The Texas After Violence ProjectUnion Chrétienne pour le Progrès et la Défense des Droits de l'HommeThe William Gomes PodcastWitness to InnocenceWomen Beyond WallsThe Women and Harm Reduction InternationalWorld Coalition Against the Death Penalty [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [367] => Array ( [objectID] => 20547 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2022 [timestamp] => 1665100800 [date] => 07/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper updates The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2021. It is intended to provide a concise update to highlight changes in the status of the death penalty in OSCE participating States since the previous publication and to promote constructive discussion of the issue. It covers the period from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022. [texte] => 8Part I: Introductory Essayby Sandra Babcock7The Role of Defence Lawyers in Capital CasesLawyers who defend those facing the death penalty often receive little sympathy fortheir struggles. Their clients have often caused terrible suffering, and lawyers appearbeside those clients in court and defend them against accusations of wrongdoing. Yetcapital defence lawyers fill a vital role in criminal justice systems around the world.Their presence beside the defendant protects individuals against the excesses of statepower and helps guard against wrongful convictions and death sentences. Withoutdefence lawyers, criminal prosecutions would be inquisitions.Yet capital defence lawyers around the world face unique challenges that have largelyescaped the notice of the international community. In contrast to prosecutors, whoreceive far more resources and training opportunities and who rely on police officersto assist them in investigating and presenting evidence, defence lawyers in mostcountries receive little to no support for investigation, transportation, or expert assistance.On top of the financial hardships and difficult working conditions, capitaldefence lawyers are targets of harassment, government surveillance and public opprobrium.Lawyers in countries around the world have been arrested, interrogated,attacked and disbarred for their work on behalf of capital defendants.8Even in resource-rich countries, capital defence lawyers face unique challenges. Asa young lawyer defending people on death row in Texas, in the United States, I waspart of an organization that was the frequent target of politicians who objected to ourwork on behalf of condemned prisoners. They vilified us when we were successfulin preventing executions. They sought to eliminate our sources of funding and were7 Clinical Professor, Cornell Law School. Faculty Director and Founder, Cornell Center on the Death PenaltyWorldwide.8 Sandra Babcock, “An Unfair Fight for Justice: Legal Representation of Persons Facing the Death Penalty”,in Carol S. Steiker & Jordan M. Steiker, Eds., Comparative Capital Punishment, (Cheltenham, UK, 2019), pp.103-05. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/527082.pdf ) [368] => Array ( [objectID] => 20387 [title] => Termes de référence – Évaluation sensible au genre de la Journée Mondiale 2021 [timestamp] => 1665100800 [date] => 07/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/termes-de-reference-evaluation-sensible-au-genre-de-la-journee-mondiale-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/FR_WCADP_TDR_GenderSensitiveEvaluationWorldDay2021_30.09.pdf ) [369] => Array ( [objectID] => 20378 [title] => Terms of Reference – Gender-sensitive evaluation of the 2021 World Day Against [timestamp] => 1665100800 [date] => 07/10/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/terms-of-reference-gender-sensitive-evaluation-of-the-2021-world-day-against/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/EN_WCADP_TDR_GenderSensitiveEvaluationWorldDay2021_30.09.pdf ) [370] => Array ( [objectID] => 20358 [title] => UN Special Procedures toolkit – World Day 2022 [timestamp] => 1664150400 [date] => 26/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/referral-to-the-un-special-procedures-on-torture/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There are several ways in which individuals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can work with the UN to report human rights violations. One way is through the special procedures of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC). Find out how to work with them here. [texte] => 120th WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYREFERRAL TO THE SPECIAL PROCEDURES OF THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL:TORTURE AND THE DEATH PENALTYI. Introduction: What are the UN special procedures and how do they work?II. Why should civil society use the UN special procedures?III. How do I request an intervention from the special procedures?IV. How can we ensure that the intersectional discrimination faced by women and LGBTQIA+ people on death row is made visible in the use of the UN Special Procedures?AnnexI. Introduction: What are UN special procedures and how do they work?Although the methods in this tool are applicable to many other issues beyond capital punishment, this practical guide has been written at the occasion of the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty, on how to engage with the United Nations (UN) special procedures to draw attention to the link between the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP). This tool was written for lawyers and civil society organizations who may be interested in working with the various UN human rights mechanisms, among them the special procedures, but may not know how to get started. This tool was written by the International Federation of ACATs (FIACAT) with contributions from Amnesty International and Penal Reform International, and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.20 YEARS OF RAISING AWARNESS2002-20222Torture, prohibited in all circumstances by Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is a peremptory norm of international law and thus cannot be derogated. Nevertheless, the death penalty is lawful under international law, if applied in full respect of international restrictions and safeguards, as per the narrowly construed exception under article 6 to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Various reflections and interpretations of the international law today point to a growing recognition of the death penalty as a form of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP).There are several ways in which individuals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can work with the UN to report human rights violations. One way is through the special procedures of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC).Special procedures are established by the HRC to examine, monitor, report and make recommendations on the human rights situation in a specific country or territory, or on a thematic area. They are independent human rights experts or groups of experts, who are independent from governments and therefore play an important role in monitoring the authorities and their policies around the world. As of July 1, 2022, there are 58 special procedures (45 thematic mandates1 and 13 country mandates2).To establish the link between the death penalty and torture, the following most relevant thematic mandates can be identified3 (but many other thematic mandates can be found related to the death penalty):• the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.• the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions.• the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.A directory of special procedures mandate holders is available on the website of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)4.Special procedures mandate holders carry titles of special rapporteurs or independent experts. However, some procedures consist of working groups, which are composed of five members, one from each UN regional group. Mandate-holders mostly act in their personal capacity, which means that they are not paid for their work and do not represent their country of nationality. However, they are usually supported by a UN staff member, appointed, and paid by the OHCHR Secretariat5.The special procedures have main four tools at their disposal.1. Communications: One of the tools of the special procedures is direct communication with governments or other actors (such as companies or for example the EU) through letters6. The special procedures will act on information1 List of thematic mandates:https://spinternet.ohchr.org/ViewAllCountryMandates.aspx?Type=TM&lang=En2 List of country mandates: https://spinternet.ohchr.org/ViewAllCountryMandates.aspx?lang=En3 Detailed information on these thematic mandates is available in the annex to this document.4 Directory of special procedures mandate holders: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/SP/VisualDirectoryJuly2020_en.pdf5 Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council: https://ijrcenter.org/un-special-procedures/6 What can a letter consist of? This letter was drafted by the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders in November 2018:3received from relevant and credible sources. In these letters, they draw attention to allegations of human rights violations received from NGOs or individuals and request clarification from the government. The letter may concern7:a. past human rights violations - this letter is also called a "letter of allegation”b. current or potential human rights violations - this letter is also called an "urgent appeal”c. concerns about legislation that does not meet international standards- these are called “other letters”. Independent experts have written submissions about people who have been tortured and sentenced to death, see for example:- Case of Mr. Aqil bin Hassan Al-Faraj (Saudi Arabia), 25 February 20228“We also wish to respectfully express our concern at the reported case of Mr. Al-Faraj who appears to have been sentenced to death without due process and fair trial, including lack of access to adequate legal assistance, therefore contrary to Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR); could not resort to any remedy to challenge the lawfulness of his detention (Article 9, UDHR); and was allegedly subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and was forced to sign a confession under torture, contrary to Articles 1, 2, 15 and 16 of the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), which was ratified by Saudi Arabia in 1997.”2. Country visits: In order to observe and understand the human rights context of a country, special procedures may seek agreement of a government to travel to that country and meet with relevant parties, such as government officials and human rights defenders. To strengthen their collaboration with the special procedures, many states have issued a standing invitation for any mandate holder to visit9. The special procedures can also provide advice for technical cooperation.3. Annual reports and thematic studies: all special procedures submit an annual report to the Human Rights Council. This report presents the work undertaken by the expert during the year, including communications and country visits and examines emerging trends. The reports are presented in plenary by the mandate-holders and are subject to an interactive dialogue with States and NGOs. Most also report to the UN General Assembly. These reports often contain a study on a topic related to a mandate. These thematic studies are based on information from their investigations, from their dialogue with States or from civil society through calls for contributions and contribute to the development of international human rights law.For example, the previous Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Juan E. Méndez, makes the link betweenhttps://academy.ishr.ch/upload/resources_and_tools/SP_module_sample_communicationsUA_TURKMEKISTAN.pdf7 For more information about the communications: https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures-human-rights-council/what-are-communications8 Communication about Mr. Aqil bin Hassan Al-Faraj https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=271139 Updated list of States that have issued a standing invitation to the Special Procedures - https://spinternet.ohchr.org/StandingInvitations.aspx?lang=En4torture and the death penalty in his August 9, 2012 report. As such, he stated in the said report that:" …especially relevant to the emergence of a customary norm to consider the death penalty as running afoul of the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, is evidence of a consistent global practice by States that reflects the view that the imposition and enforcement of the death penalty in breach of those standards is a violation per se of the prohibition of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. This conclusion originates from the fact that international law does not attribute a different value to the right to life of different groups of human beings, such as juveniles, persons with mental disabilities, pregnant women or persons sentenced after an unfair trial, but considers the imposition and enforcement of the death penalty in such cases as particularly cruel, inhuman and degrading and in violation of article 7 of the Covenant and articles 1 and 16 of the Convention against Torture.”104. Press releases: Special Procedures can also engage in advocacy and raise public awareness of situations of concerns through press releases and statements, including by calling on the international community to act to respond to such a situation, mostly through the HRC.II. Why should civil society use the special procedures?Any individual, civil society organization, intergovernmental entity, or even a national human rights body can approach the special procedures. There are two main reasons why it is beneficial for lawyers, NGOs, and other members of civil society to bring cases to the special procedures on behalf of their clients and victims facing the death penalty or arbitrary detention.• NGO submissions to the special procedures can trigger a process of dialog [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/WD2022_How-to-Mecanismes-ONU-EN_v1.1.pdf ) [371] => Array ( [objectID] => 20213 [title] => [timestamp] => 1663718400 [date] => 21/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/frequently-asked-questions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [372] => Array ( [objectID] => 21507 [title] => Estimating the effect of death penalty moratoriums on homicide rates using the synthetic control method [timestamp] => 1663459200 [date] => 18/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/estimating-the-effect-of-death-penalty-moratoriums-on-homicide-rates-using-the-synthetic-control-method/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Research examining death penalty deterrence has been characterized as inconclusive and uninformative. The present analysis heeds a recommendation from prior research to examine single-state changes in death penalty policy using the synthetic control method. Data from the years 1979–2019 were used to construct synthetic controls and estimate the effects of death penalty moratoriums on homicide rates in Illinois, New Jersey, Washington, and Pennsylvania. Moratoriums on capital punishment resulted in nonsignificant homicide reductions in all four states. [texte] => erhaps no other idea has influenced criminal justice policy in the United States more than deterrence. Predicated on a fundamental assumption that humans are rational actors who seek to avoid pain, deterrence theory posits that punishment, or the threat of punishment, discourages individuals from committing crime. As is the case with other punitive measures imposed by the judicial system (e.g., incarceration), the death penalty is hypothesized to represent a punishment of such consequence that it deters homicide in society at-large, in addition to incapacitating the individual convicted of the offense. A potential death penalty deterrent effect rests not only on the assumption that humans are rational actors who calculate the costs and benefits of their actions, but also that the statutes dictating the possible consequences of such actions are known to the public. Of the three deterrence elements—certainty, severity, and celerity—any deterrent effect stemming from the death penalty is expected to operate primarily through the severity of the punishment given that it is infrequently imposed and not sentenced in a celeritous fashion.Since capital punishment was reinstated in 1976, 1550 people have been executed in the United States (Death Penalty Information Center, n.d.-a). More executions have been carried out by the state governments of Texas, Oklahoma, and Florida than all other states combined (with Texas accounting for 37% of all executions) (Death Penalty Information Center, 2021a). Other states have not carried out an execution since capital punishment was reinstated and/or have moved to abolish or temporarily prohibit the death penalty in the form of moratoriums. In the past 40 years, 16 states have implemented death penalty moratoriums or abolished the death penalty altogether (Death Penalty Information Center, n.d.-b). Following the abolition of the death penalty in Virginia in March of 2021, 24 states have retained the death penalty as a formal sanction (Death Penalty Information Center, 2021a).Given the nature of capital punishment and the core elements of deterrence, few, if any, state-sanctioned punishments are predicated so heavily on the principle of deterrence. Likewise, no other punishment exacts its penalty with such finality, thereby making judgments of its effectiveness a theoretical and empirical undertaking worth pursuing. Much of the existing research examining the death penalty's capacity to deter can be characterized as highly sensitive. Findings from influential studies such as Dezhbakhsh et al. (2003) suggest that executions have a substantial deterrent effect (e.g., as many as 52 lives saved per execution in some analyses [Donohue & Wolfers, 2005]). Other studies, often replications or critical reviews reanalyzing prior work, have noted null effects or deterrent effects that are highly sensitive to econometric corrections or modest specification changes. Similarly, changes in operationalization of execution risk based on strong assumptions can alter the estimated effect of the death penalty from a sanction that deters to one that brutalizes.The extent to which a potential deterrent effect applies to death penalty statutes is unclear. Therefore, state-level policy analyses are needed to better understand the impact of death penalty policies on homicide rates. The present analysis uses the synthetic control method (SCM)—a data-driven technique that does not involve unverifiable assumptions about execution risk—to assess whether the effects of state changes in death penalty policy on homicide rates are consistent with a hypothesized deterrent effect. Synthetic control estimation is an intuitive approach that uses a weighted combination of potential control states to approximate what would have happened had a policy not changed. The effects of moratoriums are estimated by comparing the postintervention homicide rates of the state that implemented a moratorium and the “synthetic” counterfactual (composed of states that retained the death penalty).1 LITERATURE REVIEWDeterrence theoryA fundamental premise of deterrence theory is that the threat of sanctions can effectively discourage criminal offending. Sanctions that are perceived as being more severe, certain, and administered swiftly are theorized to have a greater deterrent capacity than those which are less severe, less likely, and slowly imposed. Although a punishment of death is no more certain or swift than the imposition of a lengthy prison sentence, the possibility of receiving a more severe punishment could theoretically have a general deterrent effect on homicide. Likewise, the “removal” of capital punishment as a possible sanction, whether via moratorium or abolition, could result in an “increase” in homicide.There are two distinct processes by which the death penalty may deter homicide: (1) the application or frequency of executions may significantly influence the perceived risk of execution, thereby deterring an individual from committing homicide; or (2) the mere existence of an active death penalty statute, regardless of the frequency of imposition, may pose a sufficient threat in and of itself to increase the perceived costs of offending. Indeed, operationalizations of execution risk in the death penalty literature involve either the frequency of execution or the existence of an active death penalty policy (Kovandzic et al., 2009).A general deterrent effect is contingent upon potential offenders carefully weighing the costs and benefits of crime. However, it is unclear what proportion of homicides may be deterrable by a threat of sanctions that requires a rational calculus of risks. As noted by Kovandzic et al. (2009), it is unlikely that perpetrators of homicide experiencing emotional distress or those under the influence of drugs first carefully weigh the potential costs of their offenses, let alone the differential impact that capital punishment may carry throughout a lengthy prison sentence. The assumption that potential offenders could have an “accurate” perception of the possible sanction risks stemming from homicide is also questionable (Nagin, 2013a).Notwithstanding the criticisms of accurate perceptions described above, it remains plausible that the prospect of the death penalty stemming from a state's capital punishment status may hold some deterrent capacity.Death penalty researchResearch throughout the past several decades has outlined persistent discrimination and arbitrariness in prosecutorial decisions to seek the death penalty. Such practices were, in part, the basis of the Supreme Court's original decision to strike down the death penalty as unconstitutional in Furman v. Georgia, with Justice Stewart writing that the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments could not tolerate death sentences “under legal systems that permit this unique penalty to be so wantonly and so freakishly imposed” (Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 [1972], p. 310). Nonetheless, following the reinstatement of capital punishment in Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976), studies have found that extra-legal factors significantly influence prosecutors’ decisions to seek the death penalty. Research suggests that prosecutors are more likely to seek capital murder charges against defendants in cases involving White victims than Black victims (Baldus et al., 1990; Jacoby & Paternoster, 1982; Paternoster, 1983; Songer & Unah, 2006). Further, disparities in prosecutors’ decisions to seek the death penalty are more pronounced in cases with Black defendants and White victims (Baldus et al., 1990; Jacoby & Paternoster, 1982; Keil & Vito, 2006; Radelet & Pierce, 1985; Sorensen & Wallace, 1999; Unah, 2009). In addition to the arbitrary and discriminatory use of capital punishment, there is a long-standing debate as to whether the death penalty actually deters.For many years, researchers have estimated the effect of the death penalty on homicide rates using econometric methods. With few exceptions, the most influential studies have used instrumental variables estimation or some form of least squares regression to analyze panel data in the post-Gregg era (i.e., after 1976). Following a decade of renewed interest in death penalty research, the National Research Council for the National Academies concluded in a 2012 report that “research to date on the effect of capital punishment on homicide is not informative about whether capital punishment decreases, increases, or has no effect on homicide rates” (National Research Council et al., 2012, p. 2). As the following section will illustrate, much of the evidence of a death penalty deterrent effect is sensitive to changes in model specification, operationalizations of execution risk, study periods, the exclusion of highly influential states, the handling of standard errors that is consistent with current standard practices, or other methodological decisions (e.g., including control states in analyses). Taken as a whole, the existing body of research purporting to find a deterrent effect associated with the death penalty is far from conclusive (see also Chalfin et al., 2013; Chalfin & McCrary, 2017; Donohue & Wolfers, 2005, 2009; Kovandzic et al., 2009).The differences that account for discordant findings among researchers originated in the 1970s. In his rebuke of Thorsten Sellin's study that found no evidence of a death penalty deterrent effect using matching techniques, Ehrlich's (1975) national time-series analysis covering 1933–1969 noted a significant negative relationship between execution risk and homicide (Baldus & Cole, 1975). Ehrlich's analysis played a central role in the decision to reinstate capital punishment in Gregg v. Georgia; the Solicitor General cited Ehrlich's findings in an amicus brief while criticizing the approach used by Sellin (Baldus & Cole, 1975). However, as Justice Marshall wrote in his dissent in Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976), Ehrlich's findings suffer from an aggregation pro [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1745-9133.12601 ) [373] => Array ( [objectID] => 20198 [title] => Statement of international solidarity with the families of people sentenced to death in Iran [timestamp] => 1663200000 [date] => 15/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-of-solidarity-with-families-of-people-sentenced-to-death-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/statement-august22-iran-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty express its solidarity with the families and relatives of people who are sentenced to death in Iran and with the civil society organizations supporting them. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty express its solidarity with the families and relatives of people who are sentenced to death in Iran and with the civil society organizations supporting them. (more…) "Statement of international solidarity with the families of people sentenced to death in Iran" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [374] => Array ( [objectID] => 20121 [title] => Mid-terms: A first half of 2022 rich in abolitions [timestamp] => 1663027200 [date] => 13/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/main-events-of-the-first-semester-of-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/mid-term-2022-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The first six months of 2022 have been rich for the abolitionist community with two new abolitionist countries and a new ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. However, some countries continue to use the death penalty and there […] [texte] => The first six months of 2022 have been rich for the abolitionist community with two new abolitionist countries and a new ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. However, some countries continue to use the death penalty and there have been significant increases in executions.The year 2022 is off to a flying startThe first month of 2022 set the tone for the abolitionist community with the announcement of the abolition of the death penalty in Papua New Guinea on January 20, 2022. The Central African Republicfollowed a few months later, enacting a law abolishing the death penalty in legislation on June 27. It officially became the 24th African state to abolish the death penalty.Other states seem inclined to abolish the death penalty in the coming months. The President of the Republic of Zambia affirmed his commitment to the abolition of the death penalty on May 24 by commuting 30 death sentences and submitting a death penalty abolition bill to Parliament. He said at the time: We believe in showing strength through our compassion and we believe in rights for all citizens, including the right to lifeIn Malaysia, the government cabinet announced on June 10, 2022, an agreement to abolish the mandatory death penalty in national law and to submit a bill to Parliament to allow for alternative sentencing where the offence carries the mandatory death penalty. A similar statement was made by the previous prime minister, Mahathir Mohamad, but the bill was ultimately not considered by parliament due to the collapse of the coalition government in February 2020.Finally, after enacting a law abolishing the death penalty in early 2022, Kazakhstan ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, which it had already committed to ratify three years earlier.While these many announcements promise a successful year for the abolitionist community, there are still a few concerning points to mention.Worrying developments in the countries that apply the death penalty the mostThe death penalty continues to be widely used in the United States, and there are several grey areas. While some states, such as Ohio and Tennessee, have temporarily halted executions, the state of Oklahoma has resumed executions after a 6-year hiatus following several botched executions. There have been 8 executions to date in the United States, and several of those executed had intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, and 9 executions are still scheduled for the second half of 2022: 4 in Oklahoma, 4 in Texas, and 1 in Alabama.The number of executions in Iran has risen alarmingly. While 117 executions were recorded in the first half of 2021, this year more than double that number was recorded in the same period, with 251 people executed. 137 executions took place after the start of the national protests on May 7, 2022. Mahmoud Amiry-Moghaddam, director of Iran Human Rights NGO said: Undoubtedly, the widespread executions are used by the authorities to instil fear in society to prevent further anti-government protests. Raising the political cost of the executions through popular campaigns and added international pressure can stop this wave of executions.See the statement shared by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty about the increase in executions in Iran.Executions have also increased alarmingly in Saudi Arabia. In 6 months, the country has already almost doubled the number of executions recorded for the whole of 2021, with 110 executions as of 6 July 2022, compared to 67 in 2021. On March 12, no fewer than 81 people were executed, often on the basis of confessions obtained under torture and following trials that did not meet the standards set by international law. Forty-one of them were members of the Shiite Muslim minority. This mass execution, the largest in years, was condemned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, who said the executions were violations of human rights and humanitarian law and could even be a war crime. Among the 110 executions recorded there are several minors. The country continues to sentence to death and execute people who were minors at the time of the crime, in violation of international law.In Singapore, the government ordered the execution of Abdul Kahar bin Othman on March 30 after he was sentenced to the mandatory death penalty for drug-related offences, after a two-year hiatus. A total of 10 people has been executed in Singapore in four months. Among them was Nagaenthran Dharmalingam, who was executed on 27 April after being diagnosed with intellectual and cognitive disabilities. This practice is prohibited by international law, as is the mandatory death penalty and the death penalty for ordinary crimes, three practices that are nevertheless in force in Singapore.The second half of 2022 promises to be just as rich. The Republic of Zambia could become the 3rd country to abolish the death penalty in 2022, and Malaysia could take another step towards abolition by abolishing the mandatory death penalty in the country. The situation in Singapore, however, needs to be closely monitored, as much as for the other top executing countries. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [375] => Array ( [objectID] => 20045 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2022! [timestamp] => 1662681600 [date] => 09/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/19-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-events-map-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Take action now! The 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. > Spread the word on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram: #nodeathpenalty > Find out more about the World […] [texte] => Take action now!The 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world.> Spread the word on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram: #nodeathpenalty> Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organize an event, and more!> Click on the map and calendar to check the events near you and browse the schedule below to find out what is happening in your country.> Organizing an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on our Calendar of Events! (Please send us: event title, date, time, location, short description and a web link to the event) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [376] => Array ( [objectID] => 19383 [title] => Death penalty: Singapore’s growing abolition movement [timestamp] => 1662336000 [date] => 05/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-singapores-growing-abolition-movement/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/candelight-vigil-Singapore-gettyimages-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Article first published by the Interpreter Public support for capital punishment isn’t as overwhelmingand unshakeable as the government often portrays it to be. [texte] => Article first published by the InterpreterPublic support for capital punishment isn’t as overwhelmingand unshakeable as the government often portrays it to be. (more…) "Death penalty: Singapore’s growing abolition movement" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [377] => Array ( [objectID] => 20002 [title] => The American Constitution Society (ACS) [timestamp] => 1662336000 [date] => 05/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-american-constitution-society-acs/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/ACS-Logo_horiz.color_.web_.RGB_-500x114.jpg [extrait] => The American Constitution Society (ACS) is a United States-based network of progressive lawyers, law students, judges, policymakers, legislators, and academics dedicated to realizing the promises of the U.S. Constitution by advancing and defending democracy, justice, equality, and liberty; securing a government that serves the public interest; and guarding against the abuse of law and the […] [texte] => The American Constitution Society (ACS) is a United States-based network of progressive lawyers, law students, judges, policymakers, legislators, and academics dedicated to realizing the promises of the U.S. Constitution by advancing and defending democracy, justice, equality, and liberty; securing a government that serves the public interest; and guarding against the abuse of law and the concentration of power.ACS interprets the U.S. Constitution based on its text and against the backdrop of history and lived experience. In collaboration with our nationwide network, ACS works to uphold the Constitution by ensuring that the law is a force for protecting our democracy and the public interest and for improving people’s lives.Through our public programs (over 1,400 debates, conferences, and press briefings across America each year), publications, and active online presence, ACS generates intellectual capital for ready use by progressive allies and shapes debates on key legal and public policy issues including the death penalty and criminal legal reform more broadly, access to courts, voting, equality, immigration, workers’ rights, and many others.ACS nurtures the next generation of progressive lawyers, judges, policy experts, legislators, and academics by providing opportunities for networking, mentoring, and organizing around matters of local, national, and international significance.To learn more about ACS’s work on the death penalty, visit https://www.acslaw.org/projects/death-penalty-resources/. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [378] => Array ( [objectID] => 20346 [title] => (Not) Talking about Capital Punishment in the Xi Jinping Era [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/not-talking-about-capital-punishment-in-the-xi-jinping-era/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An investigation into the death penalty in the People’s Republic of China in the Xi Jinping era (2012–) shows that unlike previous administrations, Xi does not appear to have articulated a signature death penalty policy. Where policy in China is unclear, assessing both the quality and frequency of discourse on the topic can provide evidence regarding an administration’s priorities. This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2478Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)79 © The Author/s 2022(Not) Talking about Capital Punishment in the XiJinping EraTobias SmithOhlone College, United StatesMatthew RobertsonThe Australian National University, AustraliaSusan TrevaskesGriffith University, AustraliaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; China; Xi Jinping; discourse.IntroductionThe goal of this paper is to shed light on the death penalty in the People’s Republic of China (PRC or China) under the XiJinping administration (2012–). Historically, China’s leaders have played a significant role in framing death penalty practice ata national scale, typically in conjunction with broader social policy. China’s former leaders Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping andHu Jintao introduced new death penalty policies that led to the execution or clemency of hundreds of thousands, tens ofthousands and thousands of people annually, respectively (Johnson and Zimring 2009; Smith 2020b; Trevaskes 2015; Yang2008). China is the largest jurisdiction in the world that retains the death penalty and one of the world’s most active executionerstates (Amnesty International 2022: 7); therefore, a Chinese administration’s death penalty policy influences not only the scaleof execution in China but also the overall scale of execution globally. Thus, shifts in death penalty policy within China areglobally significant death penalty events.Until recently, scholars writing on the death penalty in China did not have cause to ask: what is the PRC’s current death penaltypolicy? This is because, in past political periods, central death penalty policy was clearly identifiable. Successiveadministrations adopted new criminal justice initiatives framed using policy catchphrases (e.g., ‘Strike Hard’ under DengXiaoping; ‘Balancing Leniency and Severity’ under Hu Jintao) that centred on or prominently featured the death penalty. StateIn this paper, we investigate the death penalty in the People’s Republic of China in the Xi Jinping era (2012–). Unlikeprevious administrations, Xi does not appear to have articulated a signature death penalty policy. Where policy inChina is unclear, assessing both the quality and frequency of discourse on the topic can provide evidence regardingan administration’s priorities. Therefore, we analyse death penalty discourse during Xi’s tenure and compare it withdiscourse under his predecessors. We base our analysis on three large datasets assembled for this project—thecollected works of China’s leaders, a complete corpus of The People’s Daily and a database of academic publicationsin China. We find no references to the death penalty in Xi Jinping’s speeches. We also find a decline in The People’sDaily coverage of the death penalty beginning in 2015 and a sharp decrease in academic publications on capitalpunishment beginning in 2011. Our findings indicate that discourse on the death penalty has declined in the Xi era.We argue that the death penalty has been demobilised under Xi as a discursive site of political signalling. Finally,we conclude with some observations about discursive silence.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Smith, Robertson and Trevaskes80media and academic publications touted these initiatives. Therefore, research on the death penalty in China centred not on whatconstituted official death penalty policy but rather on why or how leaders chose to adopt death penalty policy, as well as whatconsequences followed from policy.1During periods of major political, social or economic change in China, the death penalty has featured as a hallmark of leaders’governance platforms. The last major articulation of a death penalty platform occurred under Hu Jintao, who ushered in majordeath penalty reform in the early 2000s as part of his broader governance agenda. In the current era, Xi Jinping has made thediscourse of ‘Governing the Nation in Accordance with the Law’ (and accompanying discourse on the need to ‘deepen reform’)a hallmark of his overall governance plan to effect the China ‘Dream of National Rejuvenation’ (Creemers and Trevaskes2020).It would be reasonable to assume that given the past importance of the death penalty to leaders’ overall political narratives,coupled with Xi’s stated intent to deepen reform, the Xi administration would feature capital punishment in its politicalplatform. Yet, unlike past administrations, the Xi administration—as considered here after over more than a decade in power—does not appear to have done so. It is not obvious that Xi himself has articulated a strong policy position on the death penalty;nor has he obviously carried forward Hu-era reforms. Instead, the Xi administration seems to have fallen silent on the deathpenalty. If a central tenet of Xi’s governance platform is ‘Governing the Nation in Accordance with the Law’ (Trevaskes 2018;Creemers and Trevaskes 2020) (and under that banner, the promise to ‘deepen reform’), why is it so difficult to identify deathpenalty legal reform (or policy) under the Xi administration?This puzzle has prompted us to frame this project around the following questions: how much has the death penalty beendiscussed in China in the Xi era, and what, if anything, can this discussion tell us about a distinctive death penalty policy—orits absence—under Xi? To answer these questions, we analyse 1) leaders’ speeches and officially compiled written works, 2)state media coverage of the death penalty and 3) academic publications on the death penalty. We also compare Xi-era discoursein these sources to that of previous administrations.The research approach in the empirical sections of this paper differs from previous work on the death penalty in China and,particularly, the authors’ previous work (e.g., Trevaskes 2012; Smith and Jiang 2019). The typical approach to research on thedeath penalty in China begins with a policy or practice that is well-defined and publicised by a particular administration (e.g.,Mao’s ‘Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries’ or Deng’s ‘Strike Hard Campaign’), develops a research questionaround that policy (e.g., where did the policy come from? How many people were executed under it?) and then analyses officialand semi-official sources to answer the question (see e.g., Lewis 2011; Miao 2016; Tanner 1999; Trevaskes 2008, 2015; Yang2008).In contrast, the empirical investigation in this paper involves an inductive approach using large-scale computational methods.These methods can uncover patterns and identify trends that previous approaches could not. Such methods are increasinglycommon in the social sciences (Edelmann et al. 2020; Conway 2013) and the field of China studies (e.g., Liebman et al. 2020;Wu 2014) but have not yet been employed in research on the death penalty in China. While there are high fixed technical costsinvolved in web scraping, database management and automated text analysis, these methods are likely to become more commonin China studies, given restrictions on fieldwork and heightened risk to scholars’ safety (Harlan 2019; Agence France-Presse2021).Our approach to exploring the research questions in the empirical data sections is discourse-based and rooted in three largedatasets. Each dataset has been constructed specifically for the purpose of this study. The three datasets cover official statementsby Chinese leaders, media reports in China’s paper of record and academic publications on capital punishment in China’slargest scholarly database.Because China’s leaders set policy, we began by searching for statements made by Xi himself about the death penalty and thencomparing them to previous administrations. This first dataset covers leaders’ official speeches and collected works, includingstatements from the first decade of Xi’s tenure.The PRC is an illiberal regime in which media is closely tied to the state; therefore, central policy on capital punishment istightly bound to state media reporting. Thus, after examining statements by China’s leaders, we examined the news. Our seconddataset is a corpus of all articles published in The People’s Daily, China’s paper of record and an official mouthpiece of thecentral leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (the Party or CCP) (Wu 1994; Wang, Sparks and Huang 2018). [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2478-Article-Text-9830-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [379] => Array ( [objectID] => 20338 [title] => Framing Death Penalty Politics in Malaysia [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/framing-death-penalty-politics-in-malaysia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty in Malaysia is a British colonial legacy that has undergone significant scrutiny in recent times. While the Malaysian Federal Constitution 1957 provides that ‘no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty save in accordance with law’, there are several criminal offences (including drug-related crimes) that impose the mandatory and discretionary death penalty. Using Benford and Snow’s framing processes, this paper reviews death penalty politics in Malaysia by analysing the rhetoric of abolitionists and retentionists. The abolitionists, comprising activist lawyers and non-government organisations, tend to use ‘human rights’ and ‘injustice’ frames, which humanise the ‘criminal’ and gain international support. The retentionists, such as victims’ families, use a ‘victims’ justice’ frame emphasising the ‘inhuman’ nature of violent crimes. In addition, the retentionist state shifts between ‘national security’ and ‘national development’ frames. This paper finds that death penalty politics in Malaysia is predominantly a politics of framing.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2476Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)57 © The Author/s 2022Framing Death Penalty Politics in MalaysiaThaatchaayini KananatuMonash University Malaysia, MalaysiaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; Malaysia; framing processes; politics of framing; human rights.IntroductionMany that live deserve death. And some that die deserve life. Can you give it to them? Then do not be too eagerto deal out death in judgement. (J. R. R. Tolkien, 1954)Death penalty politics in Malaysia is a contentious story that revolves around the human rights narrative, the call for nationalsovereignty and security, and social justice. This article traces the historical background of capital punishment in Malaysiafrom the 1970s to uncover the political trends and official state and civil society rhetoric concerning the death penalty. Usingthe Benford and Snow (2000) framing processes theory, the various frames—‘human rights’, ‘injustice’, ‘national security’,‘victims’ justice’ and ‘vulnerabilities’—are identified and located in various online media resources and legal cases, as well aslocal, regional and international commentaries pertaining to the death penalty in Malaysia.The death penalty in Malaysia has been studied from various angles: the comparative law and the ‘war on drugs’ perspectives(Harring 1991; Leechaianan and Longmire 2013), the legal and justice approach (Dhillon, Mohammad and Miin 2012), thepublic perception study (Hood 2012), the ‘Asian values’ or cultural relativist perspective (Novak 2014), the Islamic or Shari’ahlaw viewpoint (Aziz 2015), miscarriage of justice due to judicial errors (Lim, Ngeow and Arivananthan 2018), universal humanrights and international fair trial standards (Antolak-Saper et al. 2020), the criminal justice analysis (Quraishi 2020) and thegender perspective (Harry 2021). These studies have expounded on the reasons for the Malaysian state’s retentionist stand, thelegitimisation of the death penalty for drug crimes (in particular) and the sociopolitical challenges faced by the abolitionists.The death penalty in Malaysia is a British colonial legacy that has undergone significant scrutiny in recent times.While the Malaysian Federal Constitution 1957 provides that ‘no person shall be deprived of his life or personalliberty save in accordance with law’, there are several criminal offences (including drug-related crimes) that imposethe mandatory and discretionary death penalty. Using Benford and Snow’s framing processes, this paper reviewsdeath penalty politics in Malaysia by analysing the rhetoric of abolitionists and retentionists. The abolitionists,comprising activist lawyers and non-government organisations, tend to use ‘human rights’ and ‘injustice’ frames,which humanise the ‘criminal’ and gain international support. The retentionists, such as victims’ families, use a‘victims’ justice’ frame emphasising the ‘inhuman’ nature of violent crimes. In addition, the retentionist state shiftsbetween ‘national security’ and ‘national development’ frames. This paper finds that death penalty politics inMalaysia is predominantly a politics of framing.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Kananatu58A similar trend is seen in Singapore’s death penalty politics. Singapore and Malaysia share a common history, common lawheritage, and common emphasis on the ‘Asian values’ political discourse and national development. Yet, despite the obvioushistorical, political, social and legal parallels, past studies concerning the death penalty have been nation-centric. For instance,studies that have examined the political strategies of abolitionist movements centred on the ‘war on drugs’ in Singapore but notMalaysia, despite the fact that Malaysian nationals account for a high percentage of Singapore’s death row population (Chia etal. 2017; Yap and Tan 2020).More recent studies have begun to highlight the deeper connections, especially in terms of political mobilisation, resources andnetworking, among Malaysian and Singaporean grassroots movements and cause lawyers (Novak 2020, 2021). These studieshave revealed the emergence of a strong transnational abolitionist movement, using human rights litigation acrossCommonwealth countries and the strategic utilisation of constitutional norms by both the Malaysian and Singaporean legalactivists, civil society organisations and abolitionist movements (Novak 2020, 2021).Studying strategic litigation and social movement strategies is useful to examine the politico-legal mobilisation, resourcemobilisation, networking, tactics and overall game plan of more organised abolitionist movements. However, it does not fullyunveil the grievances and concerns of victims’ families, who tend to be less organised but express resistance to death penaltyreform. Recent studies in the United States have ventured into examining death penalty rhetoric from a framing perspective,such as the ‘justice’ frame that gives closure for victims’ families and the ‘innocence’ frame used to describe the wrongfullyconvicted (Berns 2013).Framing capital punishment as ‘justice’ or ‘injustice’ or as a human rights issue is not only useful for victims’ families, humanrights activists and the general public but also can be strategically utilised by the state or government. In a case study of deathpenalty politics in Russia (Semukhina and Galliher 2009), the government was facing difficulties obtaining public support forthe abolition of the death penalty. The Russian presidential intention of removing capital punishment was primarily due toEuropean Union (EU) politics and Russia’s plan to eventually become a member of the EU (Semukhina and Galliher 2009:132). Despite public resistance, the Russian Government went ahead in placing a moratorium on the death sentence by turningthe death penalty into a ‘symbolic law’—that is, a law that is in the statute books but not enforced (Semukhina and Galliher2009: 132).Another example is the study of death penalty politics in the United Kingdom (UK) (Bailey 2000; Flanagan 2012), which foundthat in the 1960s, Conservative Party retentionists framed the death penalty as significant for ‘victims justice’ while LabourParty abolitionists framed capital punishment as a gross ‘injustice’ against human rights. However, from the 1990s onwards,the abolition movement in the UK dominated the discourse and democratic space due to a lack of public participation indiscussion of the death penalty (Flanagan 2012: 522).In essence, framing processes provide a more holistic approach to studying both the abolitionists and retentionists—whichcomprise a diverse pool of political and social actors: state authorities, activist lawyers, civil society activists, non-governmentorganisations, victims’ families and the general public. This article explores the political framing of capital punishment inMalaysia, a controversial legal and sociopolitical issue, by the main actors: the Malaysian Government, the legal complex(comprising the Malaysian Bar Council, cause lawyers and certain members of the judiciary), the victims’ families and civilsociety as a whole (local, regional and international human rights organisations, as well as Islamic groups). By taking a broaderperspective, this article analyses death penalty rhetoric within the larger context of politics and society in Malaysia.Setting the StageCapital punishment in Malaysia is a British colonial legacy based on colonial ideologies of law and punishment. Malaya (as itwas known in colonial times) declared independence in 1957, and Singapore (formerly part of Malaya) followed suit in 1965.Post-independence, both countries have retained their common law heritage. The Malaysian Penal Code 1936 (Penal Code) ismodelled on the Indian Penal Code 1861, which was enacted during the British colonisation of India and the StraitsSettlements—that is, Malaya and Singapore (Chan and Wright 2016). The serious offences under the Penal Code for which themandatory death penalty applies include murder (s 302) and treason (ss 121 and 121A). Other offences which carry themandatory death penalty include drug trafficking (Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 s 39B) and offences related to firearms (Firearms(Increased Penalties) Act 1971 ss 3, 3A, 7). Various other offences in the Penal Code—such as rape or attempted rape, gangrobbery and weapons trafficking—carry the discretionary death penalty.Although the UK suspended the death penalty for murder in 1965 and completely abolished it in 1970 (Bailey 2000: 346), itsformer colonies of Malaysia and Singapore have retained it. In fact, there was a proliferation of capital punishment during theVolume 11 (3) 2022 Kananatu591970s due to sweeping state campaigns that declared a ‘war on drugs’. In 1975, the Malaysian Parliament prescribed the deathpenalty for drug-trafficking offences, in line with the government’s campaign to eliminate drug addiction among the Malaysianpopulation (Harring 1991: 365). The Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 was amended, and the Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act1975 included the presumption of trafficking under section 37(d). This inevitably led to the challenge of the ‘doublepresumption’, whereby the accused is presumed to be guilty of trafficking when deemed to be in possession of drugs of aprescribed quantity (Amnesty International 2019: 7).These legal reforms shifted the burden of proof to the accused, overriding the more traditional legal presumption of innocence(where an accused is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty). It has been argued that the presumption of innocence is saidto be implied in Article 5 of the Federal Constitution 1957 (FC), which states that ‘no person shall be deprived of his life orpersonal [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2476-Article-Text-9827-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [380] => Array ( [objectID] => 20330 [title] => Holdouts in the South Pacific: Explaining Death Penalty Retention in Papua New Guinea and Tonga [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/holdouts-in-the-south-pacific-explaining-death-penalty-retention-in-papua-new-guinea-and-tonga/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The South Pacific forms a cohesive region with broadly similar cultural attributes, legal systems and colonial histories. A comparative analysis starts from the assumption that these countries should also have similar criminal justice policies. However, until 2022, both Papua New Guinea and Tonga were retentionist death penalty outliers in the South Pacific, a region home to seven other fully abolitionist members of the United Nations. In this article, we use the comparative method to explain why Papua New Guinea and Tonga have pursued a different death penalty trajectory than their regional neighbours. Eschewing the traditional social science explanations for death penalty retention, we suggest two novel explanations for ongoing retention in Papua New Guinea and Tonga: the law and order crisis in the former and the traditionally powerful monarchy in the latter.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2475Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)43 © The Author/s 2022Holdouts in the South Pacific:Explaining Death Penalty Retention in PapuaNew Guinea and TongaDaniel PascoeCity University of Hong Kong, Hong KongAndrew NovakGeorge Mason University, United StatesAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; Papua New Guinea; Tonga; South Pacific; comparative criminal justice; colonialism.I. IntroductionUntil Papua New Guinea’s (PNG) unexpected abolition in January 2022, PNG and Tonga were the last two retentionist deathpenalty holdouts in the South Pacific, a region home to seven other fully abolitionist members of the United Nations (UN).1This differing legal status disguises a uniformity in practice as both Tonga and PNG (before the latter’s abolition) were ‘defacto abolitionist’ according to the UN Quinquennial Report on Capital Punishment. De facto abolitionists are countries thathave not carried out executions for at least 10 years or that have a formal policy against executions (United Nations Economicand Social Council 2020).Nevertheless, prior to its recent abolition, the death penalty in PNG persisted in an undeniably more favourable political andlegal environment compared to Tonga. While Tonga still allows the death penalty for murder and treason, as of June 2022 itsdeath row sits empty, and no executions have been carried out since 1982 (Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide2021a).2 Until January 2022, PNG retained the death penalty for murder, aggravated rape, robbery, sorcery murder, treason,piracy and attempted piracy (Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide 2021b; Hands Off Cain 2022b). After thereinstatement of the death penalty in 1991, when premeditated murder once again became a capital offence, PNG passed deathsentences relatively frequently (Hands Off Cain 2021a); at the time of abolition, 14 persons remained on death row (Hands OffCain 2022b).3 The abolitionist success in other South Pacific nations lagged in these two holdouts.The South Pacific forms a cohesive region with broadly similar cultural attributes, legal systems and colonialhistories. A comparative analysis starts from the assumption that these countries should also have similar criminaljustice policies. However, until 2022, both Papua New Guinea and Tonga were retentionist death penalty outliers inthe South Pacific, a region home to seven other fully abolitionist members of the United Nations. In this article, weuse the comparative method to explain why Papua New Guinea and Tonga have pursued a different death penaltytrajectory than their regional neighbours. Eschewing the traditional social science explanations for death penaltyretention, we suggest two novel explanations for ongoing retention in Papua New Guinea and Tonga: the law andorder crisis in the former and the traditionally powerful monarchy in the latter.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Pascoe & Novak44The status of the death penalty in the nine nations of the South Pacific is summarised in Table 1, ranked by date of abolition.Note, however, that some of our data on executions remain incomplete.Table 1. Death penalty status in the South PacificCountry Colonial / TrusteeshipPower Before IndependenceDate ofIndependenceDate of LastExecutionDate of Abolition /ReinstatementTonga United Kingdom 1970 1982 -Papua NewGuineaAustralia 1975 1954 2022 (all crimes), reinstated1991 (murder), abolished 1974(murder)Nauru Australia 1968 Before 1922 2016Fiji United Kingdom 1970 1964 2015 (military), 2002 (treason),1979 (murder)Samoa New Zealand (as WesternSamoa)1962 1952 2004Vanuatu United Kingdom / France(jointly, as New Hebrides)1980 Before 1973 1973SolomonIslandsUnited Kingdom 1978 Before 1966 1966Tuvalu United Kingdom (as Gilbertand Ellice Islands)1978 Before 1965 1965Kiribati United Kingdom (as Gilbertand Ellice Islands)1979 Before 1965 1965The South Pacific forms a cohesive region with broadly similar cultural attributes, legal systems and colonial histories—acomparative analysis starts from the assumption that these countries should also possess similar criminal justice policies(Johnson and Zimring 2009). In this article, we use the comparative method to explain why PNG and Tonga long pursued adifferent death penalty trajectory to their regional neighbours, bearing in mind that this cross-sectional analysis has onlynine ‘data points’ and, at any one specific point in time, some nations’ death penalty policies (such as PNG’s) are still evolving.As we make clear in Parts II and III below, none of the traditional social science explanations for death penalty retention seemto identify PNG and Tonga clearly as regional outliers. Drawing extensively from legislative debates and other politicalstatements, in Part III, we suggest two novel explanations for PNG and Tonga’s more durable retention: PNG’s ongoing lawand order crisis and the status of the Tongan monarchy. Finally, in Part IV, we explore the implications of our findings forfuture efforts towards promoting and maintaining abolition in the South Pacific and further afield.II. The Comparative Method and the Death Penalty in the South PacificThe death penalty in the South Pacific is worthy of study for two reasons. First, despite no regional executions having takenplace since a triple hanging in Tonga in 1982, the question is not purely an academic one. PNG sentenced prisoners to death asrecently as 2018, and its political leaders routinely called for a resumption of executions over a 67-year hiatus after 1954(Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide 2021b; Hands Off Cain 2021a). Similarly, in 2021, the Tongan legislaturedebated the expansion of the death penalty to drug trafficking offences, although that proposal was ultimately rejected (Fennell2021). Proposals for reinstatement have also recently arisen in Solomon Islands and Kiribati (Amnesty International 2014; AsiaPacific Report 2021), each of which has failed to ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) andits Second Optional Protocol, meaning that a resumption of death sentences faces no formal legal obstacles.Second, the last 40 years have seen global momentum towards total abolition of the death penalty, especially in countries thathave recently experienced a democratic transition or that have not carried out executions in a long time. In 1948, only15 countries had abolished the death penalty in law, mostly in Latin America. That number increased to 52 in 1988, 89 in 2001and 108 in 2020 (Amnesty International 2021; Hood and Hoyle 2017). As more countries abolish the death penalty, thenormative case against capital punishment strengthens, reflecting state practice in customary international law and increasingpolitical pressure on the holdout states (Hood and Hoyle 2017). Moreover, as regional hegemons and former administrativeVolume 11 (3) 2022 Pascoe & Novak45powers, Australia and New Zealand play a unique role in promoting death penalty abolition in the South Pacific. The puzzle iswhy, under these conditions, PNG and Tonga resisted the global and regional trends for so long.The Abolition/Retention LiteratureComparative study of death penalty abolition has generated a sizable social science literature, especially since the most recent‘wave’ of abolition following the Cold War and the period of democratic transition in the 1990s. This research has sought toidentify the conditions and processes that led to abolition in different political jurisdictions, including in the Asia-Pacific region(e.g., Anckar 2004, 2014; Bae 2007; Boulanger and Sarat 2005; Futamura 2014; Garland 2014; Greenberg and West 2003;Hobson 2014; Hood 1989, 2002; Hood and Hoyle 2008, 2009, 2015; Johnson and Zimring 2009; McGann and Sandholtz 2012;Miethe, Lu and Deibert 2005; Neumayer 2008a, 2008b; Ruddell and Urbina 2004; Zimring 2013;). Although these studies havegenerally portrayed death penalty practice as a dichotomy (i.e., retention versus abolition), the decline of the death penaltyaround the world is also visible in the decreasing number of capital offences, death sentences passed and number of executionscarried out.These social science studies have identified different variables that explain abolition and retention. The first of these is politicalstructure. Generally, unitary systems of government promote abolition more than do federal systems, democratic governmentsare more likely abolitionist than authoritarian systems, and left-leaning political parties tend to abolish before right-leaningparties. Second, economic development appears to be correlated with abolition. With several important exceptions (UnitedStates, Japan, Qatar and Singapore among them), retentionist nations tend to be at a lower stage of economic development.Third, specific colonial legacies correlate with death penalty retention—former colonies are more likely to be retentionist, asare countries with common law legal systems and a British colonial legacy. Finally, religion and ethnic makeup also play arole. Countries with majority Christian (especially Roman Catholic) populations are more likely to abolish the death penaltythan countries with Muslim or Buddhist majorities. Similarly, ethnic homogeneity is correlated with death penalty abolitionmore than ethnically diverse countries or countries with a legacy of slavery.Another common theme from the death penalty abolition literature is that domestic and local processes contribute to abolition.The transition of the death penalty from a domestic criminal justice issue to an international human rights concern precededabolition in many countries. In addition, abolition exhibits regional contagion effects. Abolition of the dea [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Papua New Guinea [1] => Tonga ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2475-Article-Text-9826-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [381] => Array ( [objectID] => 20322 [title] => Ambivalent Abolitionism in the 1920s: New South Wales, Australia [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ambivalent-abolitionism-in-the-1920s-new-south-wales-australia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the former penal colony of New South Wales (NSW), a Labor government attempted what its counterpart in Queensland had achieved in 1922: the abolition of the death penalty. Although NSW’s unelected Legislative Council scuttled Labor’s 1925 bill, the party’s prevarication over capital punishment and the government’s poor management of the campaign thwarted abolition for a further three decades. However, NSW’s failure must be analysed in light of ambivalent abolitionism that prevailed in Britain and the US in the postwar decade. In this wider context, Queensland, rather than NSW, was the abolitionist outlier.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2474Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)33 © The Author/s 2022Ambivalent Abolitionism in the 1920s: New SouthWales, AustraliaCarolyn StrangeThe Australian National University, AustraliaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; Australia; abolition; capital punishment.IntroductionHistories of the death penalty’s abolition tend, understandably, to focus on the endgame. By highlighting the political and legalstratagems that formally abolished capital punishment, such works have a Whiggish tinge—despite many hurdles andfrustrations, laws were eventually changed to defeat the death penalty. There are important exceptions, foremost RandallMcGowen’s (1994) interpretation of the British Government’s 1868 move to end the ritual of public execution. Far from a steptowards abolition, he argues, this transition merely allowed respectable people to consider themselves civilised as they nolonger had to witness unseemly executions or contend with unruly hanging crowds. In the 19th century, a handful ofjurisdictions abolished the death penalty; however, England and most other countries in the Anglo-American sphere did notabolish the death penalty until the mid to late-20th century (Hood and Hoyle 2015). In several jurisdictions, including a fewUS states and the Australian state of Queensland, governments abolished the death penalty earlier and held back againstretentionist cross-currents, but these were the exceptions (Barber 1968).Under the terms of Federation in 1901, the former colonies of Australia became states and territories. Unlike Britain, Canada,New Zealand and most European countries, Australia’s criminal law for ordinary crimes was determined by the states, whichmeant that abolitionists pitched their campaigns at the state level, as they did in the US. The new Commonwealth strove tosever its connection to the convict past, but the history of colonial authorities’ heavy reliance on capital punishment in the early19th century cast a long shadow (Finnane 1997; Castle 2008). Despite a precipitous decline in the number of executions by thelate 19th century, this turnaround in penal severity did not lay the groundwork for abolition after Federation. Nevertheless,one state, Queensland, removed the death penalty from its criminal code in 1922 under a Labor government, and there werepromising signs that New South Wales (NSW) might follow after Labor formed a majority government in 1925. The partytabled an abolition bill soon after taking power, and it passed the lower house of the state parliament only to sink in the upperIn the former penal colony of New South Wales (NSW), a Labor government attempted what its counterpart inQueensland had achieved in 1922: the abolition of the death penalty. Although NSW’s unelected Legislative Councilscuttled Labor’s 1925 bill, the party’s prevarication over capital punishment and the government’s poor managementof the campaign thwarted abolition for a further three decades. However, NSW’s failure must be analysed in light ofambivalent abolitionism that prevailed in Britain and the US in the postwar decade. In this wider context,Queensland, rather than NSW, was the abolitionist outlier.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Strange34house. This defeat was consequential—the death penalty remained in force in NSW for a further 30 years, over which timefive men were hanged (Curby 2017).The ill-fated progress of abolitionism in NSW in the 1920s was not unique; on the contrary, it typifies the doldrums ofpoliticking against capital punishment in the postwar period, a time of reinstatement and retentionism. Several countries,including the Soviet Union and Italy, redeployed the death penalty after a period of abolition, and six US states, which hadearlier abolished capital punishment, reinstated it by the 1920s (Galliher, Ray and Cook 1992). In England, efforts to removethe death penalty for civilian crimes failed to gain traction, despite the Labour party’s electoral successes in the 1923 and 1929general elections. The one glimmer of success in Britain was the curtailment of the death penalty for infractions of militarydiscipline in 1930 (McHugh 1999). Thus, retentionists around the world had the upper hand in the postwar period, although thereasons for their triumph in NSW in 1925 were distinct.Drawing on parliamentary debates over abolition and digitised news coverage of the issue, this article corrects the false yetenduring claim (first made in 1968) that Labor solidly opposed the death penalty in the lead-up to the 1925 bill (Jones 1968).In NSW, abolition was not as divisive an issue as military conscription, which split the state party into bitter factions duringthe Great War; however, it was not a progressive reform that Labor embraced as it did other causes, notably a Court of CriminalAppeal. Opponents of Labor’s 1925 abolition bill reminded its sponsors that Labor had not included abolition in its electionpromises. Retentionists also referred to the lack of clear signals of abolition’s adoption in other jurisdictions grappling with thesame issue in the postwar period. Factors unique to NSW, including its bicameral parliament and the timing of severalcontroversial capital murders, reinforced support for capital punishment and derailed abolition in 1925. However, the cause ofabolition struggled everywhere in the 1920s, and there was little public demand to end the death penalty beyond the narrowsetting of military justice.Labour and the Death Penalty in a Former Penal ColonyIn the colony of NSW, Labor first gained a parliamentary foothold in the 1890s, but the most outspoken opponent of capitalpunishment in the lead-up to Federation was a Free Trader and journalist, John Haynes. From 1896 to 1902, he drafted andsponsored four death penalty abolition bills, the last of which attacked the wide scope of capital crimes in NSW compared toBritain, which had radically pruned the number of death penalty offences in 1861 (Strange 1996: 146). Why, he asked, shouldNSW retain the death penalty for attempted murder, rape and seven other crimes as capital offences, when England had reducedits application to treason and murder decades earlier? In 1901, the execution of a man for the offence of carnal knowledge (thesexual assault of a girl under 10) in the NSW town of Queanbeyan dredged up memories of the 1888 execution of four men forthe pack rape of a 16-year-old girl in Sydney (Kaladelfos 2012; Walker 1986). Still shocked by that event, Haynes hoped his1902 bill would remove the death penalty for sexual offences and split the definition of murder into first and second degrees,with only planned and deliberate murders punishable by death. Three of Haynes’ fellow members of the Legislative Assembly(MLAs) supported the bill in second reading, none of whom was a Labor member. Once again, he failed. No further billsreached second reading in the Legislative Assembly over the first decade of the 20th century, but there were signs that Labormight support the cause when it formed government for the first time in 1910.Led by veteran MLA James McGowen, the victorious Labor party raised expectations (and fears) that the new governmentwould institute root and branch reforms touching on social as well as economic matters. Labor introduced the judicial reviewof criminal sentences under the leadership of attorney-general William Holman, who skilfully persuaded both the Assemblyand the Legislative Council to endorse a state court of criminal appeal. Opposition was stiff. During a lengthy debate in secondreading, the MLA who had previously served as premier and attorney-general, Charles Wade, accused Holman of trying tofoist decision-making on capital sentences into a new judicial tribunal rather than deal with death penalty cases through reviewsmade by the Cabinet, the executive branch of government. Wade accused Labor of political cowardice: ‘the body of thegovernment have some objection to capital punishment, but they have not the courage to come out straightforwardly and sayso’. If Labor were truly opposed to the death penalty, Wade chided, ‘the proper course to adopt is to ask the House to changethe law with regard to capital offences; and then they can administer the law on lines which even they will not shirk from’(NSW Parliament Legislative Assembly 5 July 1911: 1321). Nevertheless, the Legislative Council made only minoramendments acceptable to the government and the Criminal Appeal Act came into force in 1912, allowing convicted offenders,including persons sentenced to death, to appeal on matters of fact as well as law (Woods 2018: 233–234).Holman knew that Wade’s barbs over Labor’s lack of courage also targeted the government’s handling of its first capital case.When the former government handed over the reins to Labor in October 1910, it dumped a dilemma on the new executive: theimpending execution of William Phillips, a man who had sexually assaulted and brutally murdered his toddler daughter. Theexecutive could simply have commuted the death sentence, and the government could have followed by declaring its oppositionVolume 11 (3) 2022 Strange35to capital punishment; instead, the Cabinet decided that Phillips would be sentenced to life in prison, with the proviso that hewas ‘never to be released’ (Strange 2012). A tempest erupted over the decision, and Labor’s stance on the death penaltyremained hazy until 1912 when premier McGowen’s government approved the execution of William Ball for the murder of hiswife (Strange 2020). After Australia entered the war in 1914, internal divisions over conscription split the party and, in 1916,a splinter group of former Labor members, led by William Holman, forme [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2474-Article-Text-9823-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [382] => Array ( [objectID] => 20314 [title] => ‘Upholding the Cause of Civilization’: The Australian Death Penalty in War and Colonialism [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/upholding-the-cause-of-civilization-the-australian-death-penalty-in-war-and-colonialism/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The abolition of the death penalty in Queensland in 1922 was the first in Australian jurisdictions, and the first in the British Empire. However, the legacy of the Queensland death penalty lingered in Australian colonial territories. This article considers a variety of practices in which the death penalty was addressed by Australian decision-makers during the first half of the 20th century. These include the exemption of Australian soldiers from execution in World War I, use of the death penalty in colonial Papua and the Mandate Territory of New Guinea, hanging as a weapon of war in the colonial territories, and the retrieval of the death penalty for the punishment of war crimes. In these histories, we see not only that the Queensland death penalty lived on in other contexts but also that ideological and political preferences for abolition remained vulnerable to the sway of other historical forces of war and security.This article was first pubished in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2473Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)23 © The Author/s 2022‘Upholding the Cause of Civilization’: TheAustralian Death Penalty in War and ColonialismMark FinnaneGriffith University, AustraliaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; Queensland; abolition; colonialism; war crimes; Papua New Guinea.IntroductionThe death penalty as a judicial sentence was abolished in the Australian state of Queensland by legislative amendment to theCriminal Code Act 1899 (the Criminal Code), proclaimed on 31 July 1922. Statutory abolition of the death penalty inQueensland is an achievement worth remembering—the first in Australian jurisdictions and the first in the British Empire. Asan early abolition, the Queensland one was also noteworthy for another reason: its permanence. As examined elsewhere in thiscollection, the failure of a state to legislate abolition for all offences leaves open the possibility of reintroduction (Pascoe andNovak 2022).Yet, revisiting Queensland’s abolition in its broader context suggests that there are grounds for seeing it as a partial abolition.The Queensland death penalty did, in fact, have an afterlife of some consequence that will be addressed in this article.Queensland, as a former colony of the British Empire and then a state of the Australian Federation, played a particularlyimportant role in the development of Australia’s formation as a subject of international law. In the history of Australia’s sub-imperial role in the south-west Pacific, Queensland provided both political impetus and legal frameworks for the Australianenactment of its role as what Cait Storr has characterised as an imperium in imperio (Storr 2018). This is highlighted in theinfluence of Queensland criminal law on the various colonial administrations developed by Australia in the region. In thisrespect, the story told here is exemplary of the process by which British and European colonial administrations left a penallegacy of imprisonment and the death penalty in their wake (Bernault 2003; Singha 2000).Therefore, instead of seeing the Queensland abolition as a summit achievement, there are reasons for considering it an occasionhighlighting the contradictory and unresolved cultural and penal politics of the death penalty in its geopolitical context. TheQueensland death penalty, as originally legislated in the Criminal Code, survived beyond 1922—not in the domestic jurisdictionof Queensland but adopted as the formalised and unamended code of law in Australia’s three external territories of Papua,The abolition of the death penalty in Queensland in 1922 was the first in Australian jurisdictions, and the first in theBritish Empire. However, the legacy of the Queensland death penalty lingered in Australian colonial territories. Thisarticle considers a variety of practices in which the death penalty was addressed by Australian decision-makers duringthe first half of the 20th century. These include the exemption of Australian soldiers from execution in World War I,use of the death penalty in colonial Papua and the Mandate Territory of New Guinea, hanging as a weapon of war inthe colonial territories, and the retrieval of the death penalty for the punishment of war crimes. In these histories, we seenot only that the Queensland death penalty lived on in other contexts but also that ideological and political preferencesfor abolition remained vulnerable to the sway of other historical forces of war and security.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Finnane24mandated New Guinea and mandated Nauru. This historical phenomenon—the adoption of the Queensland Criminal Code asthe criminal law of these territories—was the means by which the Queensland death penalty survived its abolition through thehistory of Australia as colonial power (Papua) and international legal trustee (New Guinea and Nauru). Nothing summarisesthis reality better than the notices appearing in the official New Guinea Gazette throughout the 1920s and 1930s of certificatesof execution under the authority of the Queensland Criminal Code as it had been adopted first in Papua and after 1921 in NewGuinea. Yet, Queensland was also the home jurisdiction of Australia’s first atrocities commissioner and later chair of the TokyoInternational War Crimes Tribunal, Sir William Webb, seconded from his role as chief justice of Queensland (1940–1946), andwho then presided over the award of the death penalty to convicted war criminals. It was also the home of numerous Laborpolitical representatives who formed part of the Commonwealth legislature enacting the Australian War Crimes Act 1945 thatauthorised the death penalty for war criminals convicted in Australian courts convened to try B and C Class suspects.These are the non-domestic histories of the Australian death penalty in the 20th century that deserve recalling for what theymay signal about the conditionality of jurisdiction and ethical judgement. They highlight the instability of abolition and itsvulnerability to the play of historical forces that always threaten a revival. These histories also point to the importance ofconsidering the death penalty’s contextual and situational meanings, and particularly of the communicative function thatinforms the politics of both abolition and retention (Garland 2010). These generally forgotten histories of the Australian deathpenalty as a colonial legacy in the Pacific supplement and qualify the existing literature on the death penalty in Australia(Adams 2009; Anderson 2020; Jones 1968; Lennan and Williams 2012; Strange 1996).In developing this account of the afterlife of the Queensland death penalty, I address briefly the Queensland Parliament’s 1922legislative enactment of abolition, before turning to an early instance of selective prohibition of use of the death penalty by theAustralian Government in World War I. This determined stance of dominion autonomy in the face of the British ImperialArmy’s preference for the death penalty as a tool of military discipline stands in contrast to the Australian Government’sretentionist position in its emerging colonial empire in the 1920s. The adoption of the Queensland Criminal Code for the civiladministration of Papua and New Guinea continued into World War II as a means by which the military administration woulddeal with perceived rebellious or unreliable indigenous peoples of those provinces. In the final section, I consider the contextin which a nominally abolitionist Australian Labor Government legislated the use of the death penalty for the conduct of warcrimes trials in the later 1940s. In conclusion, I suggest that Australian uses of the death penalty in its colonial and wartimeadministrations were part of a significant barrier to abolition for much of the 20th century. Abolition in Queensland turned outto be something less than that for those brought into the sphere of Queensland and perforce Australian dominion.Queensland AbolitionThe Queensland Criminal Code was enacted in 1899, predominantly a product of the endeavours of the then–chief justice SirSamuel Griffith. Codification was an opportunity to systematise the definition of criminal offences and the penalties applicablein a modern system of law. The Criminal Code was influential, within Australia and beyond—in the Pacific and Africancolonies of the British Empire (O’Regan 1988: 103–21). It affirmed the death penalty as the sanction for the most seriouscrimes. But, while it continued to be awarded as a mandatory penalty for murder and carried into executions (20 between 1899and 1913), the future of this punishment was already being called into question in the Queensland Parliament.More than 50 years ago, the history of this first abolition in Australia and the wider region was examined closely by legalhistorian Ross Barber (Barber 1967, 1968). Central to the story is the familiar role of dedicated activism by a small number ofprotagonists. However, what is striking in the Queensland abolition is the folding of the cause into the wider progressiveplatform of an emergent Queensland Labor Party, so that the ethical force and emotional colour of an abolitionist campaign arenotably absent from the story of successful abolition in 1922. Abolition of the death penalty (and corporal punishment) wasjust one of eight ‘Abolitions’ in the ‘Fighting and General Platform’ of the Australian Labor Party adopted at its Sydneyconference in 1919 (Worker 1922: 24). It was the last of the six ‘Social Reform’ objectives, following ‘Endowment ofmotherhood’. When it came to Queensland in 1922, abolition of the death penalty was made possible by the prior achievementof one of the other ‘abolitions’, of the Queensland Legislative Council (the upper house), resulting in the only unicameralparliament in Australia.The contrast with the intense abolitionist campaign of the 1960s in Victoria, the last Australian jurisdiction to carry out anexecution, is striking (Burns 1962; Jones 2006; Richards 2002). Of course, abolition of the death penalty as a party politicalobjective was not the only condition of success, as the barrier to equivalent success in New South Wales (NSW) demonstrated(Strange 2022). Rather, the privileged power of a radical Labor government in postwar Queensland enabled it to clear thehurdles that faced abolition elsewhere—with a minimum of parliamentary trouble and little public opposition. We might askhow much this success owed to some underlying features of Queensland as a settler society, secure in its membership of anVolume 11 (3) 2022 Finnane25Australian federation protected by the White Australia Policy, a race-based immigration regime that aimed to exclude the‘coloured races’ (Bashfor [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2473-Article-Text-9825-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [383] => Array ( [objectID] => 20292 [title] => Anti–Death Penalty Advocacy: A Lawyer’s View from Australia [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/anti-death-penalty-advocacy-a-lawyers-view-from-australia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article reviews the executions of Australians in the region and the Australian responses over the past two decades. Informed by the author’s legal defence role in death penalty cases in Singapore and Indonesia and other countries, the article explores developments in anti–death penalty advocacy since 2015: the parliamentary enquiry, the ‘whole of government’ strategy led by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the efforts made by Australia and Australians in Asia.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2472Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)12 © The Author/s 2022Anti–Death Penalty Advocacy: A Lawyer’s Viewfrom AustraliaJulian McMahon SCAustraliaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; advocacy; abolition; legal profession; Australia.Introduction1This article examines the executions of Australians in recent history and developments in anti–death penalty advocacy since2015, including the parliamentary enquiry, the ‘whole of government’ strategy led by the Department of Foreign Affairs andTrade (DFAT) and the advocacy efforts made by Australia and Australians in Asia.These recent developments reflect the final wishes of the two Australians executed in Indonesia on 29 April 2015: MyuranSukumaran and Andrew Chan. I often discussed with them their hope, if they were to be executed, that from the furore andfight to save them, there would emerge a stronger determination to oppose executions everywhere, especially in Indonesia.That hope was one of the reasons they determinedly carried themselves with dignity—so that the senselessness of theirexecutions would be more obvious.I come to this debate as a foot soldier, a barrister who (with some other Australians) has spent years fighting for clients on deathrow. That ongoing work grew from a single moment I experienced in Singapore. My senior colleague Lex Lasry QC and I wereat Changi prison the afternoon before our client Van Nguyen was to be hanged. We waited for Van’s mother and brother toemerge from their last visit with the son and brother they loved so much. As they walked towards us along a tunnel in theprison, I heard a sound I did not understand. When they came closer, I realised it was the sound of uncontrollable grief. Thereality of the horror I was witnessing hit me. Here was the state methodically, with much deliberation and premeditation,carrying out the killing of a healthy young man, a reformed prisoner. Not only was the state killing Van—it was destroying hisfamily. Each and every year since, many hundreds, sometimes thousands, worldwide have suffered the same fate, while manythousands more languish and suffer on death row, sometimes enduring terrible atrocities. This article briefly reviews Australia’sresponse to these realities. I start with the story of Van Nguyen.This article reviews the executions of Australians in the region and the Australian responses over the pasttwo decades. Informed by the author’s legal defence role in death penalty cases in Singapore and Indonesia and othercountries, the article explores developments in anti–death penalty advocacy since 2015: the parliamentary enquiry,the ‘whole of government’ strategy led by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the efforts made byAustralia and Australians in Asia.Volume 11 (3) 2022 McMahon13Van Tuong NguyenOn 2 December 2005, Melbourne man Van Tuong Nguyen was hanged in Singapore, having been convicted of the attemptedtrafficking of almost 400 grams of heroin from Cambodia to Australia via Singapore. At the moment of Van’s death, a vigilwas held outside the County Court of Victoria in Melbourne, attended by many members of the Victorian legal community,and a minute of silence was observed (Cooke 2005). At St Ignatius Church in Richmond, the parish attended by Van as a child,the bell tolled 25 times to mark each year of the young man’s life, and a special prayer vigil was held by then–prison chaplainPeter Norden, who had spent decades fighting the death penalty (Australian Broadcasting Corporation [ABC] News 2005).Van’s funeral was held at St Patrick’s Cathedral, Melbourne. It was overflowing. Not only was all standing room taken in thatvast cathedral—the crowd overflowed out the doors into the surrounding grounds. It begs the question: why so much attention?Van’s Australian legal team was led by Lex Lasry QC, now a retired supreme court justice, and I was his junior barrister. Vanhad been arrested in December 2002. A few days later, Kim Nguyen, his mother, without resources (she had fled the war inVietnam and arrived in Australia via a refugee camp with baby twin boys), was brought to me by a friend of hers, a courttranslator—our involvement began from there. I asked a well-regarded Melbourne solicitor, Theo Magazis, to help and thenasked Lex to help. Over the next 11 months before the trial began, we engaged in extensive negotiations, which included strongsupport from DFAT and foreign minister Alexander Downer. But, a day before the trial, we received a one-line letter sayingthe case could not settle and would proceed. What that really meant was that a quasi-legal/political decision had been madethat Van would go to trial and eventually be executed. Since he had confessed to police the substance of his offending, he wouldalmost certainly be found guilty and automatically sentenced to death under Singapore’s disgraceful mandatory sentencinglaws. It was clear from the day before his trial that Van’s execution was virtually inevitable. Singaporean advocate JosephTheseira fought the trial. His leader, the legendary Singaporean advocate Pala Krishnan, had tragically died while visiting usin Melbourne to prepare for the case. The sentencing judge could not hold back his tears as he pronounced the death sentence.Van was executed on 2 December 2005, almost three years to the day after he was arrested. In that time, we made unusual (forAustralian criminal barristers) but limited forays into the media to try to retain some public interest in the case and maintain atleast some level of support. As criminal lawyers, this is a strategy we would never employ for an Australian case. But, this casewas offshore—juries had long been abolished in Singapore and, thus, improper influence was not an issue; the lawyers fightingin court were Singaporean, and the case would inevitably end with a purely political moment: namely, the political decisionwhether to grant reprieve from execution. Accordingly, a public presence was needed. Once the sentence of death had beenhanded down and affirmed in the Court of Appeal, whether Van would hang was purely a political question. It was up to theprime minister and his Cabinet to advise the president, who would act as advised. We engaged in the difficult task of makingsure Van’s case was known and understood without putting inappropriate pressure on the government of Singapore, which was,and still is, a government very friendly to Australia. The two countries were close trading partners, and many Singaporeanswere educated and settled in Australia. Since the law could not save Van, perhaps the deep and genuine friendship between thetwo countries could.Over the three years of Van’s detention, especially during the months leading to his execution, the public slowly came to knowVan’s mother Kim Nguyen. Her pleas in the English language she struggled with, together with her terrible anguish, won theinterest and eventually the support of many. Her life story—of being a refugee, a hard worker and a loving mother—attractedattention to Van’s case. Van, too, had made enormous strides in prison; through his friends, much of this became known to theAustralian public. The thought of spending life in prison filled Van with despair. However, he was determined to do all hecould to help win his case to spare his mother the pain of having her son executed.Central to Van’s mental and spiritual health was an elderly Singaporean nun, Sister Gerard Fernandez of the Good ShepherdSisters. As a young child, she decided to work for those on death row and has spent most of her life doing this. She is endlesslygentle and laughing. As a prison chaplain, she caught Van’s attention while singing to another prisoner on death row. Theybecame very close, and she was with him through his last hours. Her work and that of Peter Norden, then a prison chaplain inMelbourne, among others, brought two Popes—John Paul II in February 2005 and Benedict XVI in November 2005—tointervene with the Singaporean government on Van’s behalf—but to no avail (Norden 2021: 163).Van was also fortunate to have some very capable DFAT officers working in Singapore at the time. The high commissionerGary Quinlan, who went on to become one of Australia’s most senior and effective diplomats, would do his best to open anydoor for us lawyers. Among his staff was Annette Morris, who maintained regular visits to Van. Van was vulnerable and fragileat times, which Annette well understood as she supported him through those three lonely years in prison. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2472-Article-Text-9886-1-10-20220831-1.pdf ) [384] => Array ( [objectID] => 20291 [title] => Politics of International Advocacy Against the Death Penalty: Governments as Anti–Death Penalty Crusaders [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/politics-of-international-advocacy-against-the-death-penalty-governments-as-anti-death-penalty-crusaders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Two-thirds of the countries worldwide have moved away from the death penalty in law or in practice, with global and regional organisations as well as individual governments working towards universal abolition. This article critically examines the narratives of these abolitionist governments that have abolished the death penalty in their country and have adopted the role of ‘moral crusaders’ (Becker 1963) in pursuit of global abolition. In 2018, the Australian Government, while being surrounded by retentionist states in Asia, joined the anti–death penalty enterprise along with the European Union, the United Kingdom and Norway. Using the concepts of ‘moral crusader’ (Becker 1963) and ‘performativity’ (Butler 1993), this article argues that advocacy must be acted on repeatedly for governments to be anti–death penalty advocates. Otherwise, these government efforts serve political ends in appearance but are simply a self-serving form of advocacy in practice.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2471Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)1 © The Author/s 2022Politics of International Advocacy Against theDeath Penalty: Governments as Anti–DeathPenalty CrusadersMai SatoMonash University, AustraliaAbstractKeywords: Death penalty; advocacy; performativity; moral crusader; Australia.IntroductionIn Outsiders, Becker (1963: 163) noted that research on deviance primarily concerns itself with ‘people who break rules ratherthan with those who make and enforce them’. Much of the death penalty scholarship, at least in the English language literature,is abolitionist in that it accepts the norm of death penalty abolition, discusses the reasons for ‘deviance’ (death penalty retention)or accepts death penalty abolition from an inevitable empirical standpoint. Indeed, to date, the death penalty scholarship hasfocused on the shrinking number of retentionist states (e.g., Behrmann and Yorke 2013; Hodgkinson and Schabas 2004; Hoodand Hoyle 2015; Schabas 2002, 2021; Steiker and Steiker 2019); barriers for death penalty abolition, such as deterrence, publicopinion, politics, religion and culture (e.g., Garland 2010; Zimring 2003; Hood 2015; Johnson and Zimring 2009; Nagin,Peppers and National Research Council 2012; Sarat 1999); and alternatives to the death penalty (e.g., Hodgkinson 2016).The international landscape of retentionists versus abolitionists has flipped the debate on the death penalty: what used to be an‘unproblematic institution universally embraced is fast becoming a violation of human rights’ (Garland 2011: 61). In 1948,when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UHDR) was adopted, declaring that ‘everyone has the right to life’, the vastmajority of United Nations (UN) member states were retentionist (Schabas 1998: 797). The death penalty as a form of criminalpunishment was also considered legitimate and was imposed at the Nuremberg and Tokyo postwar tribunals (Schabas 1998:797). Today, two-thirds of countries worldwide have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice (Amnesty International2021). The latest governments that have joined the abolitionist camp are Malawi, which abolished the death penalty throughTwo-thirds of the countries worldwide have moved away from the death penalty in law or in practice, with globaland regional organisations as well as individual governments working towards universal abolition. This articlecritically examines the narratives of these abolitionist governments that have abolished the death penalty in theircountry and have adopted the role of ‘moral crusaders’ (Becker 1963) in pursuit of global abolition. In 2018, theAustralian Government, while being surrounded by retentionist states in Asia, joined the anti–death penaltyenterprise along with the European Union, the United Kingdom and Norway. Using the concepts of ‘moral crusader’(Becker 1963) and ‘performativity’ (Butler 1993), this article argues that advocacy must be acted on repeatedly forgovernments to be anti–death penalty advocates. Otherwise, these government efforts serve political ends inappearance but are simply a self-serving form of advocacy in practice.Volume 11 (3) 2022 Sato2judicial leadership in 2021 (Novak 2021) and Papua New Guinea, which achieved abolition through political leadership inJanuary 2022 (Pascoe and Novak 2022).While scholars and human rights organisations may have been concerned primarily with how to nudge retentionist governmentstowards adhering to the norm of death penalty abolition, rules do not emerge from nowhere—rather, they are ‘products ofsomeone’s initiative’ (Becker 1963: 146). In this sense, the UN is undoubtedly a ‘moral entrepreneur’ (Becker 1963), settingthe norm against the death penalty. The UDHR, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948, resulted from the sharedexperience of World War II and marked the announcement of a set of universally accepted human rights. While the UDHRdoes not specifically mention the death penalty, it guarantees the right to life (Article 3). In 1971, the resolution of the GeneralAssembly affirmed that:In order fully to guarantee the rights to life, provided for in article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the mainobjective to be pursued is that of progressively restricting the number of offences for which capital punishment may beimposed, with a view to the desirability of abolishing this punishment in all countries’ (UN General Assembly Resolution1971: 94).The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), adopted in 1966, refers to the death penalty as an exceptionto the right to life but clearly advocates the abolition of the death penalty as a human rights objective and provides safeguardsand restrictions on its implementation (Article 6). The ICCPR has been ratified by 173 states as of April 2022. The subsequentadoption of the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR in 1989 strengthened the UN’s stance against the death penalty inproclaiming the abolition of the death penalty in times of peace and war. The standards set forth by the UN have been reinforcedand strengthened through its various monitoring mechanisms.If the UN functions as a moral entrepreneur promoting the anti–death penalty enterprise, and retentionist governments serve asthe deviant rule-breakers, there is a third set of players: ‘the moral crusaders’ (Becker: 1963). Moral crusaders are actors thatinternalise the norm created by the moral entrepreneur and encourage rule-breakers to conform to the rule—in this case, tomove away from the death penalty.1 For example, the European Union (EU)—a political and economic union of 27 countries—is probably the best known moral crusader for global abolition of the death penalty (Behrmann and York 2013). The abolitionof the death penalty is a major objective of the EU’s external human rights policy and a precondition for EU membership. TheEU has used its diplomatic and political weight to influence countries that have not yet abolished the death penalty to ‘join theranks of the abolitionists’ (European Parliament 2019: para 1). It has employed various strategies to spread the abolitionistagenda, including the adoption of guidelines, issuance of resolutions and use of conditionalities (e.g., Behrmann and York2013; Fawn 2013; Lerch and Schwellnus 2006; Schmidt 2007). In addition to the EU, some abolitionist governments have alsostepped up to assume the role of moral crusader in recent years. The United Kingdom (UK), Norway and, more recently,Australia have separately declared their mission to end the death penalty worldwide (UK Human Rights and DemocracyDepartment 2011; Norwegian Government 2012; Australian Government 2018).This article concerns the emergence of governments as anti–death penalty crusaders. Instead of adding to the mainstreamliterature on the ‘deviant’ rule-breakers that retain the death penalty, I reorient the discussion on death penalty research byoffering a critical reflection on the role of moral crusaders and how they shape global advocacy against the death penalty. I uselabelling theory and performativity theory in advancing my argument. In criminology, labelling theory helped broaden the areasresearched in the study of deviance by highlighting the activities of others than the ‘deviant’ actor. Specifically, I use Becker’s(1963) concepts of ‘moral entrepreneurs’ and ‘moral crusaders’ in positioning death penalty actors because this allows us toexpand the focus from the rule-breakers (retentionist states) to the creators and enforcers of labels (anti–death penaltyadvocates). I then use the concept of performativity to qualify and critically examine the role of moral crusaders. I apply Butler’snotion of ‘performativity’ (1993)—originally used to conceptualise gender—to death penalty advocacy. According to Butler,performativity is the idea that gender is produced through time and negotiation; by repeating certain gestures and phrases andways of being, it congeals into identity. I argue that announcing itself as an anti–death penalty crusader does not automaticallyresult in a government taking a principled stance on the issue.This article makes three observations regarding the benefits and costs of the moral crusader position. First, singling outopposition to the death penalty as the priority within a country’s external human rights policy may, by omission, provide coverfor parallel forms of human rights abuse, such as extrajudicial execution, which are equally problematic if not normativelyworse. Second, moral crusaders gain reputational benefits from their principled position, including laundering their own historywith the practice of the death penalty (e.g., Anderson 2015) and being able to align themselves with other governments andorganisations that stand against the death penalty. Third, a principled position against the death penalty may be difficult touphold in practice and may cause problems for international relations, which require states to work together for shared interests [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2471-Article-Text-9824-1-10-20220822.pdf ) [385] => Array ( [objectID] => 20250 [title] => Death Penalty Politics: The Fragility of Abolition in Asia and the Pacific [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-politics-the-fragility-of-abolition-in-asia-and-the-pacific/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Despite a steady increase worldwide in the number of states that have abolished the death penalty, capital punishment remains a troubling presence in the international order. The world’s leading powers in terms of economics and population include the retentionist states of China, India, Japan and the United States of America (USA). It seems there is no linear path to abolition, and its achievement is indeterminate. Yet, in international human rights law, death penalty abolition is a powerful norm embraced by half the countries across the world. While the majority of death penalty research has emanated from and focuses on the USA, well over 90 per cent of global executions occur in Asia, which lags behind the global trend towards abolishing the death penalty. Our symposium and this collection seek to bring perspectives from a variety of disciplines and methods—historical, legal, sociological, comparative— to bear on the questions of retention and abolition in a variety of jurisdictions and time periods.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/ International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11 (3) 2022 https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2470Guest EditorialDeath Penalty Politics: The Fragility of Abolitionin Asia and the PacificMark FinnaneGriffith University, AustraliaMai SatoMonash University, AustraliaSusan TrevaskesGriffith University, AustraliaDespite a steady increase worldwide in the number of states that have abolished the death penalty, capital punishment remainsa troubling presence in the international order. In Europe and Latin America, abolition dominates. However, the world’s leadingpowers in terms of economics and population include the retentionist states of China, India, Japan and the United States ofAmerica (USA). It seems there is no linear path to abolition, and its achievement is indeterminate. Yet, in international humanrights law, death penalty abolition is a powerful norm embraced by half the countries across the world.This special collection of articles on the death penalty and the politics of abolition in Asia and the Pacific is published tocoincide with the centenary of one of the world’s earliest statutory abolitions, in the Australian state of Queensland, in August1922. Scholars of the death penalty, its practice and its abolition were invited to participate in a symposium in May 2021 hostedin Melbourne by Eleos Justice at Monash University and the Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research at GriffithUniversity. They were joined by lawyers and abolition advocates, including some who had worked on death row cases.While the majority of death penalty research has emanated from and focuses on the USA, well over 90 per cent of globalexecutions occur in Asia, which lags behind the global trend towards abolishing the death penalty. Our symposium and thiscollection seek to bring perspectives from a variety of disciplines and methods—historical, legal, sociological, comparative—to bear on the questions of retention and abolition in a variety of jurisdictions and time periods. In asking how abolition hasbeen and might be achieved, we consider historical conditions for abolition, political impediments to its advance, thephenomenon of reinstatement of the death penalty, the discursive context of death penalty attrition and the relations betweencivil society activism and governmental legislative programs. If there is one conclusion to these collective studies, it is thefragility of abolition. Abolition may now be widely embraced as a norm of international human rights law, but its establishmentas a comprehensive and irrevocable fact remains elusive. The task of a research collection such as this is to understand whythat may be as a guide to what might be pursued in the future regarding abolition.***Volume 11 (3) 2022 Guest EditorialThe death penalty is a judicial sentence available as an outcome in a criminal trial. It remains in law or is practised in just underhalf the countries in the world. However, its significance cannot be limited to the domestic jurisdictions where it is exercised.International cooperation in law enforcement, expressed in extradition treaties, in addition to policing and criminal intelligencecollaborations, turns the death penalty into an international issue or, at the very least, a matter of bilateral interest and potentialconflict. Retentionist states insist on their sovereign right to social defence against crime and other harms. Abolitionist statesassert their own sovereignty in decisions to resist demands for extradition of persons wanted for prosecution in death penaltyjurisdictions. These facts of contemporary international relations highlight the interests at stake for all in the politics of abolition.Even once accomplished, abolition in a single jurisdiction is never complete in a world where the death penalty is retained.For this reason alone, and even in attrition, the death penalty continues to demand attention. The focus of this collection is arange of problems in research, policy and activism that bear on the past and future of abolition politics. How is abolitionachieved? What is the role of civil society in its pursuit? Why do jurisdictions of similar character abolish or retain the deathpenalty? What conditions allow for its reintroduction? What is at stake in discourses of the death penalty? How is aninternational norm transformed into a general practice? These and other questions arise variously in the articles published here.Below, we develop a perspective on these questions regarding the politics of abolition.The pathway to abolition is historically contingent on the highly varied political conditions associated with the character ofdomestic criminal law. In many of the states of the Asian and Pacific region, the criminal law was shaped by the experience ofempire, particularly the British empire. The death penalty was a judicial sentence in the introduced criminal law, and itslongevity has been associated with the survival of that framework. However, the imperial histories of the region weredynamic—and the postwar independence achieved over many decades sometimes followed the abolition of the death penalty,in part or whole, by the imperial government. Even so, in states as different as India and the small states of the South Pacific,imperial legacies continued to be expressed in the language and remedies of the law, changing only slowly over time. The resulthas been a patchwork of abolition and retention in the states of the former British empire. As discussed in this collection, thedeath penalty is retained in India, Malaysia and Singapore, while it has long since been abolished in the Pacific states ofSolomon Islands, Tuvalu and Kiribati, which inherited an already abolitionist criminal law at their independence in the 1970s.In other parts of the British empire, such as the settler colonial states of Australia and New Zealand, abolition was never astraightforward process of linear development. The Queensland abolition of 1922 might have been followed, but was not, inthe adjacent and politically similar jurisdiction of New South Wales shortly after, while New Zealand abolished just severalyears later, only to reintroduce. Moreover, an Australian colonial history in Papua New Guinea, continued under internationalmandate responsibilities between 1920 and 1975, was the vehicle for death penalty retention that has persisted to a belatedabolition in 2022.In some states, abolition has been associated with the achievement of independence from former colonial rule. In others, itfollows a long period of attrition of use of the death penalty. However, tracking that attrition and determining how far it reflectsa shift in policy as well as practice is challenging, particularly in examining states with opaque administrative and politicalhistories. States may deploy the discourse of the judicial death penalty as a tool of social policy or social defence—even whilethe use of capital punishment declines. But, does a disappearing discourse of the death penalty signal a policy shift that mightresult in abolition, or is it just another phase of domestic politics? These have been particularly pertinent questions for scholarstracking contemporary Chinese death penalty policy in one of the world’s top executing states.Complete abolition (in law and in practice) commonly follows a long period of disuse of the death penalty or a slow decline inits frequency. Yet, as several articles in this collection explore, the attrition of the death penalty is no guarantee of its removalfrom the criminal justice armoury. Historical and contemporary examples confirm the position—abolition is a fragile thing,and complete abolition has been and continues to be challenged by changing political alignments, including populist invocationsof law-and-order remedies to address social disorder and crime, real and imagined. As we write, the state of Malaysia hassignalled its intention to remove the mandatory death penalty, a decision that reverses an earlier retraction of an announcementof abolition in 2018. Commonly, the progress of abolition is marked by an incremental removal of capital offences from thepenal regime—yet, as examples as contrasting as India and Papua New Guinea demonstrate, the eruption of social anxieties inthe wake of extreme events of crime or terrorism can play havoc with the expectations of a more measured statutory approachto death penalty reform.In this context, it is evident that a great burden is placed on the abolitionist commitment of civil society activism, includingprofessionals closely linked to death penalty case advocacy and governments engaged in an international politics of abolition.At this point, as is also addressed in this collection, the interdependency of civil society activists and governmental decision-makers is crucial. Especially in death penalty states that have historical, political and economic ties with now-abolitionist states,Volume 11 (3) 2022 Guest Editorialclemency campaigns for particular individuals have played a major role in elevating to continuing public attention the realityof death penalty practice in the contemporary world.In this context, we call attention to the need for governments committed to abolition through their endorsement of the SecondOptional Protocol (1989) to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to match their commitment with activeadvocacy. In Australia, the historic and politically bipartisan commitment to an international advocacy of abolition has beenwelcomed widely. However, the challenge of such a stance is to meet the expectation that this is more than a ritualisticexpression of progressive politics. As we have emphasised at the outset of these remarks, the retention of the death penalty insome states of a globalised and interdependent world presents repeated occasion for abolitionist states to match their domesticachievement with actions that keep faith with their embrace of [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2470-Article-Text-9787-1-10-20220816-1.pdf ) [386] => Array ( [objectID] => 21540 [title] => AEDPA Repeal [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/aedpa-repeal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Given how pressing the problem has become, and the real interest in reforms to promote access to justice, this article takes a different tack than prior habeas reform work: to restore habeas corpus to its pre-AEDPA and pre-Rehnquist court state, in which a federal court can review claims and reach their merits. The approach would preserve flexibility at the district court level and remove the many layers of procedural complexity that the Supreme Court and then Congress have erected. We believe that deep changes are needed, and in that, we agree with judges and scholars that have for some time proposed such changes in the writ. As we describe, AEDPA was enacted as a culmination of more than two decades of complex Supreme Court law that had already limited access to federal habeas corpus. While AEDPA incorporated some of those procedural rulings, the concern would be that should AEDPA be repealed, even in part, those court-made restrictions could be interpreted to supplant AEDPA restrictions. Clear statutory language will be needed to ensure that the Court does not frustrate Congress, as it has in the past, by supplementing statutory text in order to limit constitutional remedies. We do not mean to suggest that the various proposals set out here are exhaustive. Our goal is to promote careful considerations of alternatives to the present-day set of federal habeas corpus statutes and accompanying judicial interpretation. [texte] => \\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN606.txt unknown Seq: 1 3-JAN-23 12:26AEDPA REPEALBrandon L. Garrett† & Kaitlin Phillips††The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996(“AEDPA”) dramatically altered the scope of federal habeascorpus. Enacted in response to a domestic terrorism attack,followed by a capital prosecution, and after decades ofproposals seeking to limit post-conviction review of deathsentences, and Supreme Court rulings severely limitingfederal habeas remedies, AEDPA was ratified with littlediscussion or deliberation. The law and politics of deathpenalty litigation, which had been particularly active since theU.S. Supreme Court invalidated all death penalty schemes inits 1972 ruling in Furman v. Georgia, culminated inrestrictions for all federal habeas corpus cases, whethercapital or non-capital. Still more perverse, the impact ofAEDPA was particularly strong in non-capital cases. Since itsenactment, AEDPA has been widely criticized by academics,legislators, and judges for erecting a complex, poorly draftedset of procedural barriers and for limiting federal review on themerits of most constitutional claims. This Article examinesstatutory approaches designed to restore federal habeascorpus. Any partial or complete repeal of AEDPA raisescomplex and unexplored issues. The central challenge is thatAEDPA operates alongside decades of Supreme Court-createdrestrictions of federal habeas corpus. In this Article, we walkthrough proposals for how AEDPA provisions could beamended, benefits and costs of each change, and howSupreme Court doctrine affects each choice. AEDPA repeal isnot as simple as eliminating the judicially-created doctrine ofqualified immunity in civil rights litigation. However, realimprovements to federal habeas practice are achievable, andin this Article, we provide a legislative roadmap for habeasreform through AEDPA repeal.† L. Neil Williams, Jr. Professor of Law, Duke University School of Law andDirector, Wilson Center for Science and Justice. Many thanks to John Blume,Rebecca Brown, Lee Kovarsky, and Laura Nirider for comments on earlier drafts,as well as participants at the symposium hosted by Cornell Law Review.†† J.D., 2021, Duke University School of Law.1739\\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN606.txt unknown Seq: 2 3-JAN-23 12:261740 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1739I NTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1740 RI. AEDPA AND F EDERAL HABEAS CORPUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1747 RA. Statutory Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1749 RB. Pre-AEDPA Caselaw Regulating Federal HabeasCorpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1752 RC. The Impact of AEDPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1756 R1. AEDPA Statute of Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1757 R2. AEDPA and State Court Fact Finding . . . . . . 1759 R3. AEDPA’s Limitation on Merits Relief . . . . . . . 1760 RII. AEDPA AMENDMENT AND REPEAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1764 RA. Remove or Amend the 28 U.S.C. §2254(d)Relitigation Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1765 RB. Codify Teague to Preserve Mixed QuestionReview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1767 RC. Revise AEDPA’s Procedural Restrictions . . . . . . 1768 R1. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b): Second or SuccessivePetitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1769 R2. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d): Statute ofLimitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1771 RIII. IMPLICATIONS OF AEDPA REPEAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1778 RA. Prior Habeas Reform Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1778 RB. Civil Rights Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1779 RC. A Consequentialist Case for Federal HabeasReform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1780 RCONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1782 RINTRODUCTIONIn 1997, a California jury convicted Shirley Ree Smith ofshaking her infant grandson to death and the judge sentencedher to fifteen years to life in prison. 1 Smith steadfastlymaintained innocence. 2 The evidence underlying Smith’sconviction was, at best, conflicting. Prosecutors based theirtheory of the case on the findings of two forensic pathologists,one of whom told the jury that the child was killed by “invisibleinjuries to his brain stem.” 3 Yet, they found no injuries that fitthe pattern traditionally associated with a “shaken babysyndrome” diagnosis 4 —a since-partially discredited medical1 Smith v. Mitchell, 437 F.3d 884, 888 (9th Cir. 2006).2 A.C. Thompson, California Governor Commutes Sentence in Shaken BabyCase, PRO PUBLICA (Apr. 6, 2012), https://www.propublica.org/article/california-governor-commutes-sentence-in-shaken-baby-case [https://perma.cc/93XW-R3KM].3 Id.4 Id. Shaken baby cases typically relied on expert medical testimony thatthere was some indicator of violent shaking, “such as bruises on the body, [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/aedpa-repeal/ ) [387] => Array ( [objectID] => 21539 [title] => The Modern Federal Death Penalty: A Cruel and Unusual Penalty [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-modern-federal-death-penalty-a-cruel-and-unusual-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The federal death penalty today would be unrecognizable to the founders, who saw the ultimate penalty as a means of protecting sovereign interests and who therefore carefully guarded the practice at English common law of yielding national interests to local ones. Over the course of time, the geographic distribution and substantive basis for the penalty changed, but until the modern era, its underlying purpose did not. As the Trump era executions made painfully clear, however, the federal death penalty today is different. It is disproportionately imposed for crimes that could have readily been prosecuted by other jurisdictions and that have little obvious connection to federal sovereignty, and it is disproportionately imposed against non-white people. By any rational measure, it is vanishingly rare, and it serves no valid penological goal. Simply put, federal death sentences today are, in most cases, “cruel and unusual in the same way that being struck by lightning is cruel and unusual.” [texte] => \\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN605.txt unknown Seq: 1 3-JAN-23 12:25THE MODERN FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY:A CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTHannah Freedman†INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1689 RI. AN ORIGINAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE FEDERAL DEATHPENALTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1695 RA. English Common Law and the Role of LocalSentencing Practice at the Founding . . . . . . . . . 1696 RB. Early Post-Revolution Sentencing Practices inthe United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1705 RII. THE FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY BY THE NUMBERS . . . . . 1710 RA. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1712 RB. The Five Eras of the Federal Death Penalty . . . 1716 RC. The Current Status of the Federal DeathPenalty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1725 RIII. THE MODERN FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY: A CRUEL ANDUNUSUAL PUNISHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1727 RA. The Supreme Court’s Evolving Standards ofDecency Jurisprudence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1728 RB. The National Consensus Against the FederalDeath Penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1730 R1. Actual Sentencing Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1732 R2. Law in Peer Nations and in Indian Territory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1733 RC. The Federal Death Penalty, in Nearly All of ItsModern Applications, Lacks Any ValidPenological Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1735 RCONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1738 RINTRODUCTIONIn the early hours of January 18, 2021, the Federal Bureauof Prisons, under the direction of Donald Trump’s Departmentof Justice, executed Dustin Higgs by lethal injection. Higgs’s† Staff Attorney and the Director of Juvenile Litigation, Justice 360 andadjunct clinical professor, Cornell Law School. A special thanks to Sam Thypin-Bermeo, without whose insight, feedback, and general brilliance this article wouldnever have been possible. And thank you to Andrew Lee, Ryan Baldwin, ClairePiorkowski, Houston Brown, Andrew Gelfand, Peyton Brooks, and the othereditors and members of the Cornell Law Review for their excellent editorial work.All mistakes are mine.1689\\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN605.txt unknown Seq: 2 3-JAN-23 12:251690 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1689death marked the end of a chaotic flurry of executions by anoutgoing administration that had executed twelve other peopleover the prior six months, for a total of thirteen executions. 1The Trump executions were widely publicized and broadlycondemned domestically and abroad, 2 in part because theytook place in the depths of the COVID-19 pandemic; 3 in partbecause they took place during an election year (or, in the caseof the last five executions, while Trump was a lame duckpresident); and in part because they represented an abruptchange-of-course for the federal government, which had notexecuted anybody in seventeen years. 4 Before Donald Trump’spresidency, the reality was that most federal death sentenceswere not carried out;5 from the beginning of the “modern era” of1 The Trump administration executed the following individuals: Daniel LewisLee (7/14/2020); Wesley Ira Purkey (7/16/2020); Dustin Lee Honkin (7/17/2020); Lezmond Charles Mitchell (8/26/2020); Keith Dwayne Nelson (8/28/2020); William Emmett Lecroy, Jr. (9/22/2020); Christopher Andre Vialva (9/24/2020); Orlando Cordia Hall (11/19/2020); Brandon Bernard (12/10/2020);Alfred Bourgeois (12/11/2020); Lisa Montgomery (1/13/2021); Cory Johnson (1/14/2021); and Dustin John Higgs (1/16/2021). Historical Information: CapitalPunishment, F ED . BUREAU OF PRISONS , https://www.bop.gov/about/history/federal_executions.jsp [https://perma.cc/YK72-C9DA] (last visited Mar. 8, 2022).2 E.g., E. Tammy Kim, Trump’s Final Cruelty: Executing Prisoners, N EWYORKER (Nov. 25, 2020), https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/trumps-final-cruelty-executing-prisoners [https://perma.cc/VP5L-SAEH]; LukeHarding, Trump Administration Condemned over Lisa Montgomery Execution,GUARDIAN (Jan. 13, 2021), https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/13/us-carries-out-first-federal-execution-of-a-woman-in-nearly-seven-decades[https://perma.cc/ZKC4-8CDY]; Holly Honderich, In Trump’s Final Days, a Rushof Federal Executions, BBC NEWS (Jan. 16, 2021), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55236260 [https://perma.cc/6MAD-MBH2].3 At least one of the people executed in 2021 appears to have had COVID-19at the time of his death, and the federal executions were themselves COVID-19“superspreader” events. See Michael Tarm, Michael Balsamo & Michael R. Sisak,AP Analysis: Federal Executions Likely a COVID Superspreader, AP N EWS (Feb. 5,2021), https://apnews.com/article/public-health-prisons-health-coronavirus-pandemic-executions-956da680790108d8b7e2d8f1567f3803 [https://perma.cc/E892-MF2D].4 Lee Kovarsky, The Trump Executions, 100 T EX . L. REV . 621, 621 (2022). Asothers have noted, the long hiatus in federal executions—and the fact that it tookthe Trump Administration almost four years to implement the campaign promiseof executions—is partially attributable to difficulties in developing a viableexecution protocol and obtaining the necessary lethal injection drugs. See id. at671. Nevertheless, the following states carried out at least one execution betweenMarch 2003 and July 2020: Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Connecticut;Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Indiana; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maryland;Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; North Carolina; Ohio;Oklahoma; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Virginia; andWashington. See Execution Database, D EATH P ENALTY INFO . CTR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions/execution-database [https://perma.cc/VC9P-P3CC] (last visited Mar. 31, 2022).5 This is not to imply that a death sentence is not excruciating, even when itis not carried out. As Justice Stevens observed, the death penalty arguably serves [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/the-modern-federal-death-penalty-a-cruel-and-unusual-penalty/ ) [388] => Array ( [objectID] => 21538 [title] => Little Furmans Everywhere: State Court Intervention and the Decline of the American Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/little-furmans-everywhere-state-court-intervention-and-the-decline-of-the-american-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article retraces the evolution and recent decline of death peanlty in the United States, notablt through state court interventions. These dynamics between judicial and political action illuminate the importance of state court intervention in the story of the American death penalty’s precipitous decline, which has tended to foreground other institutional actors and to neglect the complex interactions among branches of government. State judicial rulings, though often highly technical and, therefore, less visible and accessible to the public, have been a pervasive and powerful force in the two-decade-long diminution of the practice of capital punishment across the United States. [texte] => \\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN604.txt unknown Seq: 1 23-DEC-22 10:32LITTLE FURMANS EVERYWHERE: STATECOURT INTERVENTION AND THE DECLINEOF THE AMERICAN DEATH PENALTYCarol S. Steiker† & Jordan M. Steiker††I NTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1621 RI. FLIPPING THE SCRIPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1625 RA. New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1627 RB. Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1632 RII. EXTENDING A BOLITION RETROACTIVELY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1638 RA. Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1639 RB. Beyond Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1648 RIII. PRESERVING LEGISLATIVE REFORM: NORTH CAROLINA . . 1652 RIV. REGULATING THE DEATH PENALTY TO DEATH: NEWJERSEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1662 RV. COUP DE GRACE BY JUDICIAL ABOLITION: WASHINGTONSTATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1671 RCONCLUSION: STATE C OURT INTERVENTION AS ENGINE OFDECLINE (OR STABILIZATION?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1682 RINTRODUCTIONIn 1972, the California Supreme Court in People v.Anderson1 and the U.S. Supreme Court in Furman v. Georgia2abolished the death penalty pursuant to state and federalconstitutional law, respectively. Both decisions evokedenormous popular backlash in an era of rising violent crimerates, including the Charles Manson murders in California andan increased threat of airline hijacking nationwide (andworldwide). In California, the Anderson decision wassuperseded that same year by a ballot initiative that amendedthe California constitution to ensure the constitutionality ofcapital punishment. 3 At the federal level, the U.S. SupremeCourt revisited its Furman decision four years later in Gregg v.† Henry J. Friendly Professor of Law, Harvard Law School. We thank KevinBendesky and Anne Frances Clark for their terrific research assistance.†† Judge Robert M. Parker Endowed Chair in Law, University of Texas Schoolof Law.1 493 P.2d 880 (Cal. 1972).2 408 U.S. 238 (1972).3 See California Proposition 17, Death Penalty in the California Constitution(1972), B ALLOTPEDIA , https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_17,_Death_1621\\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN604.txt unknown Seq: 2 23-DEC-22 10:321622 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1621Georgia, 4 re-authorizing the death penalty nationwide with itsvalidation of new capital statutes that purported to guide theexercise of discretion by capital sentencers.Such speedy about-faces might be seen as evidence of thelimits of constitutional intervention, at least with regard totopics as “hot” as the death penalty. Under this view, if thepolitical branches of government are not ready to act, courtscannot get out too far ahead without facing backlash, asobservers have often commented with regard to other hot-button issues like school integration and abortion rights. 5 Andif the political branches are ready to act without a judicialmandate, then constitutional intervention by courts issuperfluous.For the first few decades after Furman, the U.S. SupremeCourt continued to refine procedures for new guided-discretioncapital sentencing regimes but left the substance of the deathpenalty alone. State courts largely followed suit under theirown state constitutions. Death sentences and executionssurged as the political branches continued to embrace thedeath penalty, with death sentences and executions bothreaching their nationwide modern-era (post-1976) highs duringthe late 1990s.6Starting around 2000, however, the trend reversed. Deathsentences and executions dramatically declined nationwideover the course of the next two decades. Prosecutors soughtthe death penalty less often, juries returned fewer deathsentences when it was sought, some governors imposedmoratoria on carrying out death sentences, and numerousPenalty_in_the_California_Constitution_(1972) [https://perma.cc/9FXJ-NX69](last visited Aug. 20, 2022).4 428 U.S. 153 (1976) (upholding Georgia’s new guided-discretion capitalstatute).5 See, e.g., Michael J. Klarman, How Brown Changed Race Relations: TheBacklash Thesis, 81 J. A M . HIST . 81 (1994) (discussing the backlash to Brown v.Board); Emily Bazelon, Backlash Whiplash: Is Justice Ginsburg Right that Roe v.Wade Should Make the Court Cautious About Gay Marriage?, S LATE (May 14,2013), https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2013/05/justice-ginsburg-and-roe-v-wade-caution-for-gay-marriage.html [https://perma.cc/KPZ7-H2SY](describing Justice Ginsburg’s concern that the backlash to Roe v. Wade wouldhelp conservative opponents impede the abortion rights movement).6 Death sentences reached their modern-era high of 315 in 1996. See DeathSentences in the United States Since 1977, D EATH PENALTY INFO . CTR ., https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/sentencing-data/death-sentences-in-the-united-states-from-1977-by-state-and-by-year [https://perma.cc/CWN2-4365] (last visited Aug. 20, 2022). Executions reached their modern-era high of98 in 1999. See Facts About the Death Penalty, D EATH PENALTY INFO . CTR ., https://documents.deathpenaltyinfo.org/pdf/FactSheet.pdf [https://perma.cc/H8SH-BNYM] (last updated Aug. 18, 2022). [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/little-furmans-everywhere-state-court-intervention-and-the-decline-of-the-american-death-penalty/ ) [389] => Array ( [objectID] => 21534 [title] => Ghosts of Executions Past: A Case Study of Executions in South Carolina in the Pre-Furman Era [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ghosts-of-executions-past-a-case-study-of-executions-in-south-carolina-in-the-pre-furman-era/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The protracted and (somewhat) ongoing debate over whether lethal injection—in some or all of its forms—is cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment is the newest variation on the question of whether a particular form of capital punishment is inhumane and cruel. The history of capital punishment in the United States over the last two centuries has been punctuated by attempts to find less painful and gruesome ways to kill persons society has condemned to die. Ironically, at least from a historical perspective, some recent executions have seen condemned inmates or their attorneys elect some of the older methods, i.e., electrocution, or offer, as a potentially less painful alternative, the firing squad or death by lethal gas. And some states, including the main subject of this article, have resurrected electrocution and the firing squad because of a claimed inability or difficulty in obtaining execution drugs. In this article, the authors trace the history of execution methods in the pre-modern era of capital punishment (before 1972), primarily in South Carolina, pointing out the often-intractable problems with their implementation process (including specific “botches”), and then address other aspects of executions that have relevance to the current debate about the wisdom and efficacy of retaining the “modern” American death penalty in the twenty-first century. [texte] => \\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN602.txt unknown Seq: 1 23-DEC-22 10:48GHOSTS OF EXECUTIONS PAST: A CASESTUDY OF EXECUTIONS IN SOUTHCAROLINA IN THE PRE-FURMAN ERAJohn H. Blume†INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1799 RI. EXECUTIONS, BOTCHES AND THE SEARCH FOR MOREHUMANE METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1801 RII. PUBLIC EXECUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1824 RIII. MULTIPLE E XECUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1827 RIV. THE NUMBERS AND DEMOGRAPHICS OF EXECUTIONCONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1828 RINTRODUCTIONDuring the waning months of the Trump Administration,thirteen persons on federal death row were executed. 1 They allmaintained that the lethal injection protocol the federalgovernment intended to use presented an unconstitutional riskof a torturous death. While lower federal courts determinedthat their allegations deserved additional scrutiny, and inseveral cases entered injunctions preventing the executions, anexasperated majority of the United States Supreme Court inBarr v. Lee summarily vacated the lower court’s decision andeffectively “greenlighted” lethal injection executions if they canbe carried out by a single dose of pentobarbital sodium. 2 TheCourt reasoned that this dosage is widely conceded to render aperson “fully insensate” and does not carry the risks of painthat “some have associated with other lethal injectionprotocols.”3 Barr is the most recent in a series of decisions bythe Court upholding various forms of lethal injection againstconstitutional attack, and declaring that the federalgovernment and the States, “[f]ar from seeking to superaddterror, pain, or disgrace to their executions,” have attempted to† Samuel F. Leibowitz Professor of Trial Techniques at Cornell Law Schooland Director of the Cornell Death Penalty Project.1 For a more detailed discussion of the federal death penalty generally andthe recent federal executions specifically, see Hannah L. Freedman, The ModernFederal Death Penalty: A Cruel and Unusual Punishment, 107 C ORNELL L. REV .1689 (2022).2 140 S. Ct. 2590, 2591 (2020) (per curiam).3 Id.1799\\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN602.txt unknown Seq: 2 23-DEC-22 10:481800 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1799develop new ways to carry out executions that are “less painfuland more humane than traditional methods, like hanging, thathave been uniformly regarded as constitutional for centuries.” 4The protracted and (somewhat) ongoing debate overwhether lethal injection—in some or all of its forms—is crueland unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment is thenewest variation on the question of whether a particular formof capital punishment is inhumane and cruel. 5 The history ofcapital punishment in the United States over the last twocenturies has been punctuated by attempts to find less painfuland gruesome ways to kill persons society has condemned todie. Ironically, at least from a historical perspective, somerecent executions have seen condemned inmates or theirattorneys elect some of the older methods, i.e., electrocution, 6or offer, as a potentially less painful alternative, the firingsquad or death by lethal gas. 7 And some states, including themain subject of this Article, have resurrected electrocution andthe firing squad because of a claimed inability or difficulty inobtaining execution drugs. In this Article, I will trace the4 Id. (alteration in original) (quoting Bucklew v. Precythe, 139 S. Ct. 1112,1124 (2019)); see also Baze v. Rees, 553 U.S. 35, 54–56 (2008) (holding that “therisks [of administering an inadequate sodium thiopental dose are not] sosubstantial or imminent as to amount to an Eighth Amendment violation”);Glossip v. Gross, 576 U.S. 863, 867 (2015) (holding that “the prisoners failed toidentify a known and available alternative method of execution that entails alesser risk of pain . . . [and] the District Court did not commit clear error when itfound that the prisoners failed to establish that Oklahoma’s use of a massive doseof midazolam in its execution protocol entails a substantial risk of severe pain”).The challenges to lethal injection, in (very) broad strokes, fall into two buckets.The first has to do with the use of particular drugs in a multi-drug lethal injectionprotocol, e.g., midazolam, and whether it will render a person fully insensate atthe time of the administration of the drugs that kills the inmate. E.g., Glossip, 576U.S. at 867. More recent challenges have been to the use of a single drug,pentobarbitol sodium, and whether it can cause “flash pulmonary edema, whichcan lead to a sensation akin to drowning and extreme pain, terror, and panic,” asJustice Sotomayor observed in her dissenting opinion in Barr v. Lee, 140 S. Ct. at2593 (Sotomayor, J., dissenting) (internal quotation marks omitted).5 See Jeffrey E. Stern, The Cruel and Unusual Execution of Clayton Lockett,ATLANTIC , June 2015 (describing the botched and torturous lethal injection ofClayton Lockett in Oklahoma); see also Glossip, 576 U.S. at 867 (assessingwhether the use of midazolam violates the Eighth Amendment).6 Tennessee Inmate Chooses Electric Chair over Lethal Injection, BBC N EWS(Dec. 7, 2018), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46465038 [https://perma.cc/NS9Z-74GL].7 See Bucklew, 139 S. Ct. at 1129. In recent cases, the Supreme Court hasheld that an inmate raising an Eighth Amendment challenge to a state or federalgovernment’s method of execution must offer a “feasible, readily implemented”alternative method of execution that would significantly lessen the risk of severepain identified in the execution method the state or federal government proposesto use. Id. at 1121. The failure to do so renders the claim defective as a matter oflaw. Id.\\jciprod01\productn\C\CRN\107-6\CRN602.txt unknown Seq: 3 23-DEC-22 10:482022] Blume - Ghosts Of Executions Past 1801history of execution methods in the pre-modern era of capitalpunishment (before 1972), primarily in South Carolina,pointing out the often-intractable problems with theirimplementation process (including specific “botches”), andthen address other aspects of executions that have relevance tothe current debate about the wisdom and efficacy of retainingthe “modern” American death penalty in the twenty-firstcentury.8IEXECUTIONS, BOTCHES AND THE SEARCH FOR MOREHUMANE METHODSAt some points in the past, in South Carolina andelsewhere, executions were intended to be brutal in order toincrease their deterrent effect, for example, the burning orgibbeting of enslaved persons for plotting or participating inrebellions or crimes of violence against their owners, but suchexecutions were relatively rare. 9 There are documented casesof such executions in South Carolina, although undoubtedlythere were more than I have been able to establish. Forexample, the enslaved persons who participated in the PrimusRebellion in the 1720s were executed in public in brutalfashion and the alleged leader of the revolt was hung “in8 Most scholars conceive of the death penalty as having a “modern” and pre-modern era. The line of demarcation is the United States Supreme Court’sdecision in Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972) (per curiam), which held thatall then-existing death penalty statutes violated the Eighth Amendment’s ban oncruel and unusual punishment. See id. at 239–40. The Court did not, however,hold that the death penalty was under all circumstances unconstitutional; ratherthe defects were in the manner in which capital punishment was applied. See id.Four years later, the Court decided that the death penalty was not per seunconstitutional and also established the parameters of a constitutional capitalsentencing scheme. See, e.g., Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153, 206–07 (1976)(plurality opinion) (upholding Georgia’s newly enacted bifurcated, discretionarycapital punishment law); Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280, 302–05(1976) (plurality opinion) (finding North Carolina’s post-Furman mandatoryconstitutional scheme unconstitutional). For a more detailed discussion ofFurman and Gregg and the modern era death penalty in South Carolina, see JohnH. Blume & Lindsey S. Vann, Forty Years of Death: The Past, Present, and Futureof the Death Penalty in South Carolina (Still Arbitrary After All These Years), 11DUKE J. CONST . L. & PUB . POL ’Y 183 (2016); John H. Blume, Sheri L. Johnson,Emily C. Paavola & Keir M. Weyble, When Lightning Strikes Back: South Carolina’sReturn to the Unconstitutional, Standardless Capital Sentencing Regime of the Pre-Furman Era, 4 C HARLESTON L. REV . 479 (2010); John H. Blume, Twenty-Five Yearsof Death: A Report of the Cornell Death Penalty Project on the “Modern” Era ofCapital Punishment in South Carolina, 54 S.C. L. R EV . 285 (2002).9 WALTER EDGAR , SOUTH CAROLINA : A HISTORY 73–81 (1998); S TUART BANNER ,T HE DEATH PENALTY : AN AMERICAN HISTORY 70–72 (2002). [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/ghosts-of-executions-past-a-case-study-of-executions-in-south-carolina-in-the-pre-furman-era/ ) [390] => Array ( [objectID] => 20973 [title] => Legislative Expansion and Judicial Confusion: Uncertain Trajectories of the Death Penalty in India [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/legislative-expansion-and-judicial-confusion-uncertain-trajectories-of-the-death-penalty-in-india-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The numbers and the politics of the death penalty in India tell very different stories, presenting complicated narratives for its future. The public reaction to instances of sexual violence and other offences over the last decade and the consequent political response has significantly strengthened the retention and expansion of the death penalty. This is reflected from the fact that that of all the death sentences that district courts impose, only about 5 percent get confirmed in India’s appellate system. However, does this mean there is growing scepticism about the death penalty in the Supreme Court of India? Unfortunately, the answer is far from simple. An assessment of the death penalty in India’s appellate courts during the last decade will demonstrate that a crime-centric approach has hindered any principled discomfort with the death penalty or the manner of its administration. In particular, the Supreme Court has faltered in high-profile death sentence cases (i.e., offences against the state and sexual violence cases), and its track record of commutations has very little to do with principled considerations on sentencing. This paper argues that the political and judicial imagination of the death penalty, as a necessary part of the response to crime, creates significant and unique challenges for the path towards abolition.This article was first published in Crime Justice Journal: https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/issue/view/119 [texte] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social DemocracyVolume 11(3) 2022https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2477Except where otherwise noted, content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution. ISSN: 2202-8005 (Online)67© The Author/s 2022Legislative Expansion and Judicial Confusion: Uncertain Trajectories of the Death Penalty in IndiaAnup SurendranathProfessor of Law, National Law University, IndiaMaulshree PathakAdvocate, High Court of Delhi, IndiaAbstractKeywords:Death penalty;judicial response;legislative expansion;sentencing.IntroductionThe death penalty in India evokes a strong emotional response but little principled discourse. In 2021, threekey developments have accurately summarised the state of administration of the death penalty in India today. First, India voted against the resolution passed by the United Nations Human Rights Council on the ‘question of the death penalty’ (United Nations Human Rights Council 2021). Second, the number of death row prisoners in India was 488, the highest since 2004; however, the Supreme Court did not uphold a single death sentence, a first since at least 2016 (Project 39A 2022: 7). Further, if recent legislative developments are any indicator, current governmental policy appears skewed towards retention and expansion of the death penalty. This is also reflected in a rise in the number of death sentences awarded by trial courts. Conversely, however, the Supreme Court has seemingly expanded the scope and contours of the rights and procedural safeguards available to prisoners sentenced to death, resulting in fewer confirmations. However, despite the apparent emphasis on the reformation andrights of prisoners sentenced to death, death sentences in fourcases were confirmed in the last decade, leading to theexecution of seven prisoners.1This number is significant because the first decade of the 21stcentury saw oneexecution—that of Dhananjoy Chaterjee in 2004.The numbers and the politics of the death penalty in India tell very different stories, presenting complicated narratives for its future. The public reaction to instances of sexual violence and other offences over the last decade and the consequent political response has significantly strengthened the retention and expansion of the death penalty. This is reflected from the fact that that of all the death sentences that district courts impose, only about 5 per cent get confirmed in India’s appellate system. However, does this mean there is growing scepticism about the death penalty in the Supreme Court of India? Unfortunately, the answer is far from simple. An assessment of the death penalty in India’s appellate courts during the last decade will demonstrate that a crime-centric approach has hindered any principled discomfort with the death penalty or the manner of its administration. In particular, the Supreme Court has faltered in high-profile death sentence cases (i.e., offences against the state and sexual violence cases), and its track record of commutations has very little to do with principled considerations on sentencing. This paper argues that the political and judicial imagination of the death penalty, as a necessary part of the response to crime, creates significant and unique challenges for the path towards abolition.Volume 11(3)2022Surendranathand Pathak68This paper outlines the legislative and judicial developments of the last decade to argue that despite a lack of concrete evidence to support its value, the death penalty is imagined increasingly as a solution to not only terror and sexual offences but also other offences. Operating within the broader context of public support for extrajudicial killings and retributive responses, the death penalty has served as a useful tool of political appeasement without any real engagement with the issues that plague the Indian criminal justice system. Over the last decade (2012–2022), the death penalty story in India follows different arcs in the legislative and judicial spheres. In response to widespread public reaction to certain incidents of sexual violence between 2012 and 2020, there has been significant legislative expansion of the death penalty, even to include non-homicide sexual violence against children. Such expansion has also been seen in statutes on alcohol prohibition, anti-hijacking of aeroplanes and human trafficking. The future of the death penalty in India must be appreciated in this context of legislative expansion and judicial confusion. Today, it is obvious that even within the different levels of the judiciary, divergent stories are being told. While trial courts demonstrate exaggerated use of the death penalty, the Supreme Court seems to be confirming death sentences in a far smaller proportion of cases.This paper begins by analysing the legislative and judicial developments in the field of the death penalty in 1860–2010. Using the 2012 Delhi gang rape as a turning point, we analyse the trajectory of the death penalty to argue that legislative expansion has been met with judicial restriction and confusion.Evolution of the Death Penalty in India: 1860–2010India is a quasi-federal country, governed through a union government at the centre and respective state governments. The Constitution of India 1950delineates the legislative powers between the Parliament of India and the state legislative assemblies through the Union List, State List and the Concurrent List. Criminal law is a legislative field under the Concurrent List, where legislations by the Parliament of India2have precedence over the ones passed by the state legislative assemblies. The Indian Penal Code 1860(IPC) is a legislation by the Parliament of India (central legislation), as is the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973. State governments enforce the IPC along with other criminal law statutes passed by both the parliament and respective state legislative assemblies. The judiciary in the criminal justice system has a three-tiered structure with the Supreme Court of India, High Courts for each of the states and the trial courts. Trial courts are empowered to impose the death sentence; such sentences mandatorily require confirmation by the High Court. In certain types of death sentence cases, the Constitution assures the right to appeal in the Supreme Court.3However, in all other matters, it is a matter of discretion whether an appeal against a death sentence is admitted for hearing before the Supreme Court.4The death penalty as a punishment has existed on the statute books since 1860 when the IPC was enacted while India was still a British colony—post-independence, it was adopted by the Parliament of India. This section provides an overview of the use of the death penalty by the legislature between 1860 and 2020 and its simultaneous treatmentby the judiciary. Then, these developments are placed alongside empirical data on death sentences and executions.Legislative EvolutionThe death penalty as a punishment has come a long way since the passing of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898(old Code). The old Code provided that in cases of offences punishable by death under the IPC and other legislations, the judge had limited discretion not to award the sentence of death and was required to record special reasons for imposing life imprisonment instead of death (s 367(5)). A 1955 amendment left the decision entirely at the discretion of the sentencing judges, without any legislative preference for either punishment (Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act 1955: s 66). The next major legislative shift came with the passing of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973(new Code), which provided threesignificant safeguards for offences punishable with death. First, death sentences require special reasons if chosen over life imprisonment (s 354(3)). Second, all sentences of death passed by trial courts are subject to confirmation by the High Court (s 366(1)).5Third, judges are required to hear offenders on sentencing in a separate hearing after they have been convicted (s 235(2)). Over theyears, some unsuccessful attempts have also been made by private member Bills moved in parliament to abolish the death penalty (Law Commission of India 2015: 36).On the legislative front, the death penalty as a punishment was found in at least 17statutes and in the IPC (National Law University Delhi 2016: 33). Within the IPC, the majority of capital offences involve the killing (or attempted killing) of the victim6and certain offences against the state.7Notably, kidnapping for ransom (s 364A) is a non-homicide capital offence introduced in the IPC in 1993. The capital offences in other legislations included both homicide and non-homicide offences, the latter of which related to, inter alia, the conduct of members of armed forces during war,8the conduct of members of paramilitary forces,9and using explosive substances (Explosive Substances Act 1908: s 3(b)) and terror offences (Unlawful Activities Prevention Act 1967: ss 10(b)(i), 16(1)(a); Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act 1987: s 3; Prevention [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/article/view/2477/1272 ) [391] => Array ( [objectID] => 21530 [title] => Explaining the Invidious: How Race Influences Capital Punishment in America [timestamp] => 1661990400 [date] => 01/09/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/explaining-the-invidious-how-race-influences-capital-punishment-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article primarily focuses on how racial bias creates nearly ubiquitous racial disparities in the imposition of the death penalty; it does so both to amass further reasons McCleskey was wrongly decided, and to point the way forward. Part I provides the necessary foundation by summarizing the history of race and the death penalty in the United States, with a focus on the Supreme Court’s treatment of racial discrimination claims in capital sentencing. Part II, the heart of this Article, examines the multiple psychological mechanisms that create racially biased decision making in capital cases. Understanding those mechanisms further undercuts the Supreme Court’s reasoning in McCleskey and argues for overturning the holding. However, recognizing the reluctance with which today’s Court would view overturning McCleskey, Part III considers whether and how alternative, case-specific uses of the data described in Part II might ameliorate the influence of racial bias in capital sentencing. [texte] => EXPLAINING THE INVIDIOUS: HOW RACEINFLUENCES CAPITAL PUNISHMENTIN AMERICASheri Lynn Johnson†“[W]e decline to assume that what is unexplained isinvidious.”McCleskey v. Kemp, 481 U.S. 279, 313 (1987)INTRODUCTION .......................................... 1514 I. RACE, THE AMERICAN DEATH PENALTY, AND THESUPREME COURT ................................. 1516 A. Before the Fourteenth Amendment: OpenDiscrimination .............................. 1516 B. From Reconstruction to Furman: UnbridledDiscretion ................................... 1518 C. The Role of Race in Furman and Gregg ....... 1519 D. McCleskey’s Rejection of Both Empirical Dataand History ................................. 1522 E. Post-McCleskey Litigation.................... 1525 II. THE MECHANICS OF RACIAL BIAS ................... 1527 A. Conscious Racial Bias ....................... 1527 1. Differential Affect (Warmth) ............... 1528 2. Stereotypes (Including Competence) ....... 1529 B. Subconscious Racial Bias (aka UnconsciousRacism, Biased Cognition, or Implicit Bias) . . . 1530 1. Unconscious Associations: The Evidencefrom Social Psychology ................... 1531 a. Early Controlled Experiments: Mock JuryStudies............................... 1532 b. Implicit Association Tests ............. 1535 c. The Shooter Studies .................. 1538 d. Stereotypicality Studies ............... 1538 e. Non-human Associations .............. 1539 2. Processing Distortions: The Evidence fromCognitive Psychology ..................... 1541 a. The Halo Effect ....................... 1542 † James and Mark Flanagan Professor of Law, Cornell Law School. Thanksto my colleagues John Blume and Jeffrey Rachlinski for their careful comments,and to the Cornell Law Review for hosting the Furman at Fifty symposium.15131514 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1513b. Attribution Error ...................... 1543 c. Accessible Schemas .................. 1543 d. Confirmation Bias .................... 1544 e. Belief Persistence ..................... 1545 3. Racially Differentiated Brain Activation: TheEvidence from Neuropsychology........... 1546 a. Negative Emotions .................... 1546 b. Positive Reactions .................... 1547 c. Facial Recognition .................... 1548 III. DECREASING THE INFLUENCE OF BIAS ON CAPITALSENTENCING ..................................... 1548 A. Revisiting McCleskey ........................ 1548 B. Avoiding Triggering or Aggravating Pre-ExistingBias ........................................ 1549 1. Enforcement of Prohibitions AgainstInflammatory Arguments ................. 1550 2. Enforcement of Equal Protection Rights inJury Selection ............................ 1551 3. Ending Death Qualification? .............. 1552 4. Vigilance................................. 1554 C. Countering Bias ............................. 1555 1. Reducing Unconscious Bias ............... 1555 2. Reducing the Influence of UnconsciousBias ..................................... 1558 a. Race-switching ....................... 1558 b. Case-specific Instructions orTestimony ............................ 1560 c. Time and Task Modifications .......... 1561 3. Recognizing and Redressing IndividualInstances of Bias......................... 1562 CONCLUSION ........................................... 1563 INTRODUCTIONMcCleskey v. Kemp upheld the death penalty againstextraordinary statistical evidence of racial bias in itsimposition. With its lofty statement, “[W]e decline to assumethat what is unexplained is invidious,” the majority alsodashed almost all hope that the death penalty would bedeclared unconstitutional because it is racially biased.1 Evenwhen made, this statement had a patently ridiculous premise:That the statistical correlation between race and the impositionof the death penalty was anomalous, unexpected, unexplained.1 McCleskey v. Kemp, 481 U.S. 279, 313 (1987).2022] Johnson - Explaining The Invidious 1515If a study established that the day of the week on which adefendant had been born and the day of the week on which hisvictim had been born were correlated with the likelihood of adeath sentence, that statistical disparity reasonably might becharacterized as “unexplained.” If the correlation were strong,the sample size large, and the study controlled for potentialconfounders, the possibility that the correlation was spuriousstill could not be disregarded. Why? First, because the day ofdefendant and victim birth is not known—let alone salient—todecision makers, including decision makers in capital cases.2And second, because there is no known history ofdiscrimination based on that characteristic. Put differently,neither opportunity nor motive to discriminate on the basis ofday-of-the-week-of-birth is present. Race, however, is differentin both respects. Race is almost always both known andsalient to the relevant decision makers. Equally importantly,the entire history of race in this country, and in particular, thehistory of race and the death penalty in this country, asFurman v. Georgia3 recognized, reek of motive to do racializedharm,4 and made it entirely predictable that race did and willinfluence capital sentencing.Thus, it seems disingenuous for the Court to have assertedthat stark racial disparities in the imposition of the deathpenalty were “unexplained” in the sense of being of mysteriousorigin, not truly race-based and not “invidious.” But racialdisparities in capital punishment are, in another sense,“unexplained,” or at least not well-explored: What are themechanisms by which racial bias skews capital sentencing?This Article primarily focuses on how racial bias creates nearlyubiquitous racial disparities in the imposition of the deathpenalty; it does so both to amass further reasons McCleskeywas wrongly decided, and to point the way forward. Part Iprovides the necessary foundation by summarizing the historyof race and the death penalty in the United States, with a focuson the Supreme Court’s treatment of racial discrimination2 Indeed, there isn’t even a commonly used word or phrase that describesthis attribute because none is really needed, given how rarely we speak of it. (Thatthis has not always been the case, see 2 ANNA ELIZA BRAY, TRADITIONS, LEGENDS,SUPERSTITIONS, AND SKETCHES OF DEVONSHIRE 287–88 (London, John Murray 1838)(reprinting the poem “Monday’s Child,” which tells fortunes based on the day of aperson’s birth), reflects that what is salient depends at least in part on culture.)There are, however, lots of words, many of them expressing extraordinaryanimosity, dehumanization, or disparagement, that refer to race.3 408 U.S. 238 (1972). 4 Id. at 364 (Marshall, J., concurring); id. at 256–57 (Douglas, J.,concurring); id. at 310 (Stewart, J., concurring).1516 CORNELL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 107:1513claims in capital sentencing.5 Part II, the heart of this Article,examines the multiple psychological mechanisms that createracially biased decision making in capital cases.Understanding those mechanisms further undercuts theSupreme Court’s reasoning in McCleskey and argues foroverturning the holding. However, recognizing the reluctancewith which today’s Court would view overturning McCleskey,Part III considers whether and how alternative, case-specificuses of the data described in Part II might ameliorate theinfluence of racial bias in capital sentencing.6IRACE, THE AMERICAN DEATH PENALTY, AND THESUPREME COURTThe history of race in the United States is terrible, complex,and impossible to summarize in an article, or even a book.7 Incontrast, the history of race and capital punishment in Americais terrible and complex, yet easily summarized: In this country,race of victim and offender was always the driving force behindcapital punishment for rape, and from the very beginning, racehas heavily influenced the imposition of the death penalty forother crimes. The Supreme Court’s acknowledgment of thishistory, however, has been uneven.A. Before the Fourteenth Amendment:Open DiscriminationPrior to the Revolutionary War, many states explicitlyconditioned eligibility for capital punishment upon both theoffense committed and the race and/or enslaved status of theoffender.8 Although all of the northern states had limited5 The reader intimately familiar with that history may want to skim Part I, oreven skip ahead to Part II.6 Virtually all of the discussion that follows focuses on African Americans,but not because I believe race only influences the capital sentencing of AfricanAmerican defendants; rather, the focus on bias against African Americans isdriven by the fact that the history, cases, and psychological data are much morelimited with respect to other racial minorities. See generally Sheri Lynn Johnson,The Influence of Latino Ethnicity on the Imposition of the Death Penalty, 16 ANN.REV. L. & SOC. SCI. 421 (2020) (reviewing the literature and urging furtherresearch). However, almost all of the psychological phenomena I report are likelyto affect other racial minorities facing capital prosecutions, albeit to varyingextents. 7 For an excellent recent and in-depth analysis of the Supreme Court’scapital punishment jurisprudence, see CAROL S. STEIKER & JORDAN M. STEIKER,COURTING DEATH: THE SUPREME COURT AND CAPITAL PUNISHMENT (2016).8 A. LEON HIGGINBOTHAM, JR., IN THE MATTER OF COLOR: RACE AND THE AMERICANLEGAL PROCESS 181–82, 256–57, 262–63 (1978).2022] Johnson - Explaining The Invidious 1517capital punishment to the crime of murder before the Civil Warbegan, and in some states there was talk of total abolition, “thedebate that took place in the North simply did not occur in theSouth because of the perceived need to discipline a captiveworkforce.”9 In the South, the moves toward limiting the deathpenalty were racially specific; each of the Southern statesabolished the death penalty for one or more previously deatheligible crimes, but did so only for crimes committed bywhites.10 For example, in Texas, both enslaved and freeAfrican Americans (but not whites) remained [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cornelllawreview.org/2022/09/01/explaining-the-invidious-how-race-influences-capital-punishment-in-america/ ) [392] => Array ( [objectID] => 19989 [title] => Race and Age Characteristics of those Sentenced to Death before and after Roper [timestamp] => 1661731200 [date] => 29/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/race-and-age-characteristics-of-those-sentenced-to-death-before-and-after-roper/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => "The penalty of death is more likely to be imposed on individuals who suffer from various disadvantages: poverty, poor lawyers, mental illness, intellectual deficits, for example. It also is more common among those with white victims compared to minority victims, those who commit crimes in jurisdictions that have previously sentenced more individuals to death, and those who committed their crimes in the 1980s or 1990s as compared to more recent years (see Baumgartner et al. 2018 for details). In this short report I focus on two particular disadvantages: age and minority status." - Frank R. BaumgartnerLink to the article: https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/report-racial-disparities-in-death-sentences-imposed-on-late-adolescent-offenders-have-grown-since-supreme-court-ruling-banning-juvenile-death-penalty [texte] => 1Race and Age Characteristics of those Sentenced to Death before and after RoperFrank R. BaumgartnerUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillFrankb@unc.eduJune 21, 2022The penalty of death is more likely to be imposed on individuals who suffer from various disadvantages: poverty, poor lawyers, mental illness, intellectual deficits, for example. It also is more common among those with white victims compared to minority victims, those who commit crimes in jurisdictions that have previously sentenced more individuals to death, and those who committed their crimes in the 1980s or 1990s as compared to more recent years (see Baumgartner et al. 2018 for details). In this short report I focus on two particular disadvantages: age and minority status.Since the 2005 Roper v. Simmons decision, the US Supreme Court has held it unconstitutional to sentence juveniles to death, recognizing the reduced capacity of children to control impulsive behavior. In recent years, many have argued that this exclusion should extend to those in the “Late Adolescent Class” (LAC) of individuals aged 18 to 20 at the time of their crime (see Leark 2021). The “bright line” at age 18 is not consistent with scientific understanding of the development of the brain. Here, I ask the question: What are the racial characteristics of those in the 18-to-20 age-group? Among those sentenced to death, does the social disadvantage of youth correspond with a greater likelihood of another disadvantage, racial minority status? I find that it does.I make use of a comprehensive database covering the universe of US death sentences from 1972 through the end of 2021. This database includes information about the race of the defendant and the dates of birth, crime, and death sentence. (See Baumgartner et al. 2020 for information about the database.)From the Furman decision in June, 1972 through the end of 2021, over 8,700 individuals have been sentenced to death in the US. Table 1 lays out their racial characteristics.Table 1. Summary of Race of Individuals Sentenced to Death, 1972–2021.RaceNumberPercentWhite3,91744.85Black3,43239.30Hispanic6727.69Other1792.05Missing / unknown5336.10Total8,733100.00Table 2 shows the ages of these individuals at the time of their crime.2Table 2. Summary of Ages of those Sentenced to Death, 1972–2021.Age GroupNumberPercentLess than 18 years old2352.6918 to 20 years old1,31915.1021 years and older6,93679.42Missing / unknown2432.78Total8,733100.00The US Supreme Court held the practice of sentencing juveniles to death unconstitutional in its Roper v. Simmons decision in March 2005. What are the racial characteristics of those in the two younger age categories, and how has this changed since the Roper decision? Table 3 lays out the answer to the first question. It shows that minorities constitute a higher share of the younger age groups compared to those aged 21 or over at the time of their crimes. Within each age group, the table shows percentages by race, summing to 100, allowing one to evaluate the relative share of whites, blacks, and people of other races within each age group.Table 3. Age Groups by Race.Age:Under 1818 to 2021+MissingTotalRace:N%N%N%N%N%White7732.7744233.513,33948.145924.283,91744.85Black11548.9464048.522,60237.517530.863,43239.30Hispanic2611.0613910.544907.06177.006727.69Other31.28302.271432.0631.231792.05Missing145.96685.163625.228936.635336.10Total235100.001,319100.006,936100.00243100.008,733100.00Table 3 shows that whites are over-represented among those aged 21 and over; they are 48 percent of that group, but only 33 percent of those aged under 18 and 34 percent of those in the LAC (those aged 18 to 20). Blacks are 49 percent of those in the two younger groups, but only 38 percent of those aged 21 or over; similarly Hispanic individuals constitute 11 percent of the two younger categories but are only seven percent of those in the older age group. Minorities overall are 61 percent of those aged under 18, 61 percent of those in the LAC, and just 47 percent of those aged 21 or over.Since Roper, racial minorities have constituted an even greater share of those in the LAC. Table 4 shows the same breakdown as above for the 1,236 death sentences imposed since March 1, 2005, the date of the Roper decision. (No one aged under 18 has been sentenced to death during this period as the Court ruled that unconstitutional on that date.)3Table 4. Race and Age Characteristics of those Sentenced to Death since Roper.Age:18 to 2021+MissingTotalRaceN%N%N%N%White2920.4246544.20921.4350340.70Black7351.4140938.881433.3349640.13Hispanic3524.6514513.78614.2918615.05Other32.11292.7600.00322.59Missing21.4140.381330.95191.54Total142100.001,052100.0042100.001,236100.00Whites are just 20 percent of those in the LAC, but they are 44 percent of those aged 21 or higher. Blacks represent an absolute majority of those in the LAC, though they are less than 40 percent of those aged 21 or older. Similarly, Hispanics are over-represented in the LAC (25 percent) compared to in the 21-and-older group (14 percent). Combining the categories of black, Hispanics, and other race, fully 78 percent of those in the Late Adolescent Class in the period since Roper have been racial or ethnic minorities, a much greater share than the 56 percent they constitute among those aged 21 and over.This short review of simple statistics shows that in the period since Roper, minorities are substantially over-represented in the Late Adolescent Class. The disadvantage of age cumulates with the disadvantage of minority status. This could be for many reasons, including the tendency to attribute adult characteristics to youthful black and minority individuals moreso than to whites (see Rattan et al. 2012). No matter what the cause, it is a troubling fact, and one that should cause policymakers to consider extending the protections of Roper to those in the 18-to-20 age category as well. If we are to have a death penalty, it should target the most deserving, rather than the most vulnerable.ReferencesBaumgartner, Frank R., Marty Davidson, Kaneesha R. Johnson, Arvind Krishnamurthy, and Colin P. Wilson. 2018. Deadly Justice: A Statistical Portrait of the Death Penalty. New York: Oxford University Press.Baumgartner Frank R., Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Benjamin M. Campbell, Christian Caron, and Hailey Sherman. 2020. Learning to Kill: Why a Small Handful of Counties Generates the Bulk of US Death Sentences. PLoS-ONE 15, 10: e0240401.Leark, Robert A., ed. 2021. Special Issue: Law, Neuroscience, and Death as a Penalty for the Late Adolescent Class. Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology 7, 1–2.Rattan Aneeta, Cynthia S. Levine, Carol S. Dweck, and Jennifer L. Eberhardt. 2012. Race and the Fragility of the Legal Distinction between Juveniles and Adults. PLoS ONE 7, 5: e36680. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/RaceAndAgeAfterRoper.pdf ) [393] => Array ( [objectID] => 19950 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the 50th session of the UN Human Rights Council [timestamp] => 1660867200 [date] => 19/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/50th-regular-session-united-nations-human-rights-council/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/United-Nations-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 50th Regular Session from June 13 to July 8, 2022. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The United Nations Human Rights Council met for its 50th Regular Session from June 13 to July 8, 2022. If you missed it, here is what happened regarding the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the 50th session of the UN Human Rights Council" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [394] => Array ( [objectID] => 15904 [title] => Malawi Supreme Court Reverses Abolition Decision [timestamp] => 1660780800 [date] => 18/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/malawi-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/malawi-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 30 April 2021, the World Coalition published the following article on the abolition of the death penalty in Malawi. Since its publication, the abolitionist status of the country has changed. This article has been updated below. —————————- [texte] => On 30 April 2021, the World Coalition published the following article on the abolition of the death penalty in Malawi. Since its publication, the abolitionist status of the country has changed. This article has been updated below.---------------------------- (more…) "Malawi Supreme Court Reverses Abolition Decision" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [395] => Array ( [objectID] => 20866 [title] => Shattered Justice – Crime Victims’ Experiences with Wrongful Convictions and Exonerations [timestamp] => 1660262400 [date] => 12/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/shattered-justice-crime-victims-experiences-with-wrongful-convictions-and-exonerations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Shattered Justice presents original crime victims' experiences with violent crime, investigations and trials, and later exonerations in their cases. Using in-depth interviews with 21 crime victims across the United States, Cook reveals how homicide victims’ family members and rape survivors describe the painful impact of the primary trauma, the secondary trauma of the investigations and trials, and then the tertiary trauma associated with wrongful convictions and exonerations. Important lessons and analyses are shared related to grief and loss, and healing and repair. Using restorative justice practices to develop and deliver healing retreats for survivors also expands the practice of restorative justice. Finally, policy reforms aimed at preventing, mitigating, and repairing the harms of wrongful convictions is covered. [texte] => About This BookShattered Justice presents original crime victims' experiences with violent crime, investigations and trials, and later exonerations in their cases. Using in-depth interviews with 21 crime victims across the United States, Cook reveals how homicide victims’ family members and rape survivors describe the painful impact of the primary trauma, the secondary trauma of the investigations and trials, and then the tertiary trauma associated with wrongful convictions and exonerations. Important lessons and analyses are shared related to grief and loss, and healing and repair. Using restorative justice practices to develop and deliver healing retreats for survivors also expands the practice of restorative justice. Finally, policy reforms aimed at preventing, mitigating, and repairing the harms of wrongful convictions is covered. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/shattered-justice/9781978820357 ) [396] => Array ( [objectID] => 19919 [title] => Joint Statement to condemn the public executions and the surge of executions in 2022 in Iran [timestamp] => 1660176000 [date] => 11/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-statement-to-condemn-the-public-executions-and-the-surge-of-executions-in-2022-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/statement-august22-iran-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty strongly condemn the resumption of public executions in Iran and the surge in the executions in 2022, which goes against the international trends towards abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty strongly condemn the resumption of public executions in Iran and the surge in the executions in 2022, which goes against the international trends towards abolition of the death penalty. (more…) "Joint Statement to condemn the public executions and the surge of executions in 2022 in Iran" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [397] => Array ( [objectID] => 19898 [title] => Statement on the end of the unofficial moratorium on executions in Myanmar [timestamp] => 1660176000 [date] => 11/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-on-the-end-of-the-unofficial-moratorium-on-executions-in-myanmar/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/statement-august22-myamar-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and ACAT-France, ACAT-Germany (and their partner organization Federal Association of Vietnamese Refugees in the Federal Republic of Germany), Amnesty International, Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), Avocats Sans Frontières France, Centre for Civil and Political Rights, Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE International), Coalition Marocaine Contre la Peine […] [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and ACAT-France, ACAT-Germany (and their partner organization Federal Association of Vietnamese Refugees in the Federal Republic of Germany), Amnesty International, Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), Avocats Sans Frontières France, Centre for Civil and Political Rights, Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE International), Coalition Marocaine Contre la Peine de Mort, CrimeInfo, Culture pour la Paix et la Justice (CPJ), Death Penalty Focus, German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (GCADP), Greater Caribbean for Life, Hands Off Cain, Japan Innocence & Death Penalty Information Center, Legal Awareness Watch Pakistan, Lifespark – movement against the death penalty, Ligue des droits de l’Homme (LDH), Norden Directions, Observatoire Marocain des Prisons (OMP), Society for Human Rights and Development Organisation (SHRDO), Southern Methodist University (SMU) Human Rights program, Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, Texans Against State Killing (TASK), The Advocates for Human Rights, The Institute for the Rule of Law of the International Association of Lawyers (UIA-IROL), The Kenya Human Rights Commission, The Rights Practice, The Sunny Center Foundation USA Inc., Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) and Witness to Innocence, strongly condemn the end of the unofficial moratorium on executions in Myanmar, with the first executions since 1988, which goes against the international trends towards abolition of the death penalty. (more…) "Statement on the end of the unofficial moratorium on executions in Myanmar" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Myanmar ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [398] => Array ( [objectID] => 20508 [title] => Resolution 77/274 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1659916800 [date] => 08/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-77-274-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report provides information on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 75/183. It discusses developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions and highlights trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. The report discusses conditions of detention for persons on death row, the application of the death penalty to foreign nationals, its disproportionate and discriminatory application to women, its disproportionate impact on poor and economically vulnerable individuals, its discriminatory use relating to persons exercising their human rights, and various initiatives for advancing its abolition. The report welcomes progress made towards universal abolition in States representing different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds. It concludes that all measures aimed towards limiting the application of the death penalty constitute progress in the protection of the right to life. [texte] => United Nations A/77/274General AssemblyDistr.: General8 August 2022Original: English22-12331 (E) 250822*2212331*Seventy-seventh sessionItem 69 (b) of the provisional agenda*Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedomsMoratorium on the use of the death penaltyReport of the Secretary-General**SummaryThe present report provides information on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 75/183. It discusses developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions and highlights trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. The report discusses conditions of detention for persons on death row, the application of the death penalty to foreign nationals, its disproportionate and discriminatory application to women, its disproportionate impact on poor and economically vulnerable individuals, its discriminatory use relating to persons exercising their human rights, and various initiatives for advancing its abolition. The report welcomes progress made towards universal abolition in States representing different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds. It concludes that all measures aimed towards limiting the application of the death penalty constitute progress in the protection of the right to life.* A/77/150.** The present report was submitted after the deadline in order to reflect recent developments.A/77/2742/18 22-12331I. Introduction1. In its resolution 75/183, the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to report to it at its seventy-seventh session on the implementation of that resolution. The Secretary-General draws attention to the reports submitted to the Human Rights Council on the same topic.2. The present report covers the period from December 2020 to June 2022 and is based largely on information received following a call for input circulated to States, national human rights institutions, United Nations entities, international and regional intergovernmental bodies and non-governmental organizations.II. Transparency in the use of the death penalty3. In its resolution 75/183, the General Assembly called upon States to make available relevant information, disaggregated by sex, age, nationality and race, as applicable, and other applicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the number of persons sentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the number of executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted on appeal or in which amnesty or pardon had been granted, as well as information on any scheduled execution, which could contribute to possible informed and transparent national and international debates, including on the obligations of States pertaining to the use of the death penalty. The Human Rights Council and human rights treaty bodies called upon States to ensure transparency in the imposition and application of the death penalty and their execution methods; to make available systematically and publicly full, accurate and relevant information on their use of the death penalty; and to ensure that families were properly notified of impending executions.1 The Human Rights Committee recalled that undisclosed executions are a breach of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.24. The Secretary-General has previously highlighted that the lack of transparency in the imposition and application of the death penalty has serious human rights implications, including with respect to the right to timely and adequate legal defence for individuals sentenced to death, especially those under imminent risk of executions, as well as the right to freedom of information, the right to a fair trial, the right not to be subjected to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and the principles of non-discrimination and equality before the law.3 The Secretary-General noted that the ability of civil society to effectively monitor death penalty-related matters has been made more challenging since the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, stressing that it was therefore more important than ever for States to comply with transparency requirements on the imposition and application of the death penalty.45. Submissions by non-governmental and civil society organizations stated that the lack of transparency in the use of the death penalty remained an issue of concern in many States.5 It was noted that the pandemic had underscored the need for transparent __________________1 Human Rights Council resolution 48/9, para. 10.2 See www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/03/belarus-un-human-rights-committee-condemns-execution. See also, for example, CCPR/C/106/D/2120/2011, para. 11.10.3 See report of the Secretary-General on the question of the death penalty (A/HRC/48/29), para. 54.4 Ibid., para. 56.5 Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM), Harm Reduction International (HRI), International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP), Justice Project Pakistan (JPP) and Reprieve submissions.A/77/27422-12331 3/18reporting on matters related to the death penalty, including deaths of persons on death row due to the pandemic.6III. Developments since the adoption of General Assembly resolution 75/183A. Abolition of the death penalty and ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights6. In its resolution 75/183, the General Assembly welcomed the considerable movement towards the abolition of the death penalty globally and the increasing number of accessions to and ratifications of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and called upon States that had not yet done so to consider acceding to or ratifying the Second Optional Protocol. Kazakhstan,7 Sierra Leone,8 the Central African Republic,9 and Papua New Guinea10 adopted laws abolishing the death penalty. Armenia and Kazakhstan became parties to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, bringing the number of States parties to 90.11 In the United States of America, the State of Virginia abolished the death penalty,12 bringing to 36 the number of States that have abolished the death penalty, have a formal moratorium on its use or have not carried out an execution in the last 10 years.13 Several other States described their process of abolition and their support for the abolition of the death penalty.14B. Moratoriums7. In its resolution 75/183, the General Assembly welcomed the decisions made by an increasing number of States to apply a moratorium on executions, followed in many cases by the abolition of the death penalty. The Assembly called upon States to establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty and encouraged States that had a moratorium to maintain it and to share their experience in that regard.8. In its submission, Cuba indicated that it was opposed to the application of the death penalty and was in favour of eliminating it when appropriate conditions were in place. Mali, Mauritius and Morocco recalled the moratorium that they had in place. In the United States, the Attorney General ordered a moratorium on all federal __________________6 ICDP submission.7 Law on Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts on the Abolition of the Death Penalty, 29 December 2021.8 Law on the abolition of the death penalty, 8 October 2021.9 Law No. 22.001 abolishing the death penalty in the Central African Republic, 27 June 2022.10 See www.parliament.gov.pg/uploads/acts/22A_10.pdf.11 See https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4&clang=_en.12 Virginia House Bill 2263, 24 March 2021.13 See https://reports.deathpenaltyinfo.org/year-end/YearEndReport2021.pdf.14 Submissions of Argentina, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Morocco, Romania, Switzerland and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of). See also the submissions of the People’s Advocate of Albania, the National Human Rights Commission of Mexico, the National Human Rights Commission of Togo, the European Union and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.A/77/2744/18 22-12331executions pending review of certain policies and procedures15 and at the State level, Ohio announced a moratorium on executions.169. United Nations human rights treaty bodies called upon States to apply a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with a view to abolishing it.17 With respect to Cuba and Kenya, treaty bodies recommended the adoption of formal moratoriums with a view to the future abolition of the death penalty.18 With regard to Botswana, the treaty bodies regretted that it did not plan to abolish the death penalty or to impose a moratorium and recommended that it consider undertaking a political and legislative process aimed at abolishing the death penalty.19 Similar calls were made during the universal periodic review.2010. Some States continued to impose the death penalty or increased its imposition, contributing to the “death row phenomenon”, prison overcrowding and distress among inmates due to uncertainty over execution or commutation of death sentences.21C. Reduction in the number of offences punishable by death11. In its resolution 75/183, the General Assembly called upon States to reduce the number of offences for which the death penalty might be imposed, including by considering removing its mandatory application. In his 2022 report to the Human Rights Council on the question of the death penalty,22 the Secretary-General provides information on the reduction in the number of offences punishable by death and the removal of the m [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/N2245371.pdf ) [399] => Array ( [objectID] => 20516 [title] => Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions [timestamp] => 1659657600 [date] => 05/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To mark the fortieth anniversary of the establishment of the mandate on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz, offers a reflection from a historical perspective on the establishment of the mandate and the subsequent evolution of its working methods. He retraces the development of international standards and guidelines elaborated with the substantial contribution and support of the various mandate holders. The report also contains an analysis of the question of the death penalty from the perspective of whether it is compatible with the absolute prohibition of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and recommendations aimed at ensuring the protection of the right to life, as guaranteed under international human rights instruments. [texte] => United Nations A/77/270General AssemblyDistr.: General5 August 2022Original: English22-12275 (E) 090922*2212275*Seventy-seventh sessionItem 69 (b) of the provisional agenda*Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedomsExtrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executionsNote by the Secretary-General**The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the General Assembly the report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz, submitted in accordance with Assembly resolution 75/189.* A/77/150.** The present report was submitted after the deadline so as to include the most recent information.A/77/2702/22 22-12275Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-BinzSummaryTo mark the fortieth anniversary of the establishment of the mandate on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz, offers a reflection from a historical perspective on the establishment of the mandate and the subsequent evolution of its working methods. He retraces the development of international standards and guidelines elaborated with the substantial contribution and support of the various mandate holders. The report also contains an analysis of the question of the death penalty from the perspective of whether it is compatible with the absolute prohibition of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and recommendations aimed at ensuring the protection of the right to life, as guaranteed under international human rights instruments.A/77/27022-12275 3/22I. Introduction1. The year 2022 marks the fortieth anniversary of the creation of the mandate on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the oldest single thematic mandate among the special procedures.1 In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz, reflects on the developments in the working methods of the mandate and on the evolution of standards and guidelines that have been developed with the engagement of mandate holders to promote and protect the right to life and safeguard against extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions. The report also contains an analysis of the question of the death penalty from the perspective of whether it is compatible with the absolute prohibition of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and recommendations aimed at ensuring the protection of the right to life, as guaranteed under international human rights instruments.2. The Special Rapporteur is grateful to those States, civil society organizations and other stakeholders that responded to his calls for input. The replies received informed the present report.II. Activities of the Special Rapporteur3. The present report covers the main activities undertaken by the Special Rapporteur from April to July 2022. Those undertaken from April 2021 to March 2022 are included in the Special Rapporteur’s thematic report to the Human Rights Council.2A. Communications4. During the period under review, the Special Rapporteur issued, alone or jointly with other special procedure mandate holders, 47 communications to States and non-State actors, as well as 14 press statements.B. Meetings and other activities5. In April 2022, on the occasion of the opening of the 2022 academic year of the Dr. Carlos Ybar Institute of Chile, the Special Rapporteur gave a master class on forensic medicine and human rights, focusing on the role of the mandate in the development of forensic standards. On the same day, he participated in another event organized by the University of Uruguay, giving a presentation on the work of the mandate in addressing the issue of deaths in custody.6. On 3 May, the Special Rapporteur gave a lecture to the Inter-American Association of Public Defenders, discussing the role of forensic sciences in the investigation of human rights violations.7. Also in May, the Special Rapporteur made an academic visit to Costa Rica at the invitation of the International Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights. During the visit, he lectured about the mandate at the University for Peace and at the __________________1 Over the course of its 40-year history, the mandate has been fulfilled by S. Amos Wako (1982–1992), Bacre Waly Ndiaye (1992–1998), Asma Jahangir (1998–2004), Philip Alston (2004–2010), Christof Heyns (2010–2016), Agnes Callamard (2016–2021) and the present mandate holder.2 A/HRC/50/34.A/77/2704/22 22-12275diplomatic academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica. He also held high-level meetings with the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights and the United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, as well as with the Centre for Justice and International Law, to discuss cooperation for the promotion and implementation of standards of shared interest, principally the Minnesota Protocol on the Investigation of Potentially Unlawful Death, at the regional level.8. In June, the Special Rapporteur participated in a high-level dialogue on the human rights situation in Nicaragua that was organized by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and attended by representatives of national and international human rights organizations, international mechanisms and States.9. Within the context of the fortieth anniversary of the establishment of the mandate, the Special Rapporteur participated in the fourteenth annual meeting of the Ibero-American Network of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Science Institutions, held in Guayaquil, Ecuador, from 27 to 29 June. Also in June, he attended the inauguration of the first International Congress of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences, organized by the National Service of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Ecuador. During both events, he gave presentations and lectured on the Minnesota Protocol.III. Creation of the mandate10. The General Assembly periodically addressed the question of the death penalty during the 1950s, the 1960s and the 1970s. In 1968, it unanimously adopted resolution 2393 (XXIII), emphasizing the importance of procedural safeguards around the death penalty. In 1971, it went further, affirming, in paragraph 3 of resolution 2857 (XXVI), that, in order fully to guarantee the right to life, the main objective to be pursued was that of progressively restricting the number of offences for which capital punishment might be imposed, with a view to the desirability of abolishing that punishment in all countries.11. Meanwhile, outside of the United Nations, the early prominent international human rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were contemplating how to respond to what seemed to be an increasing trend of political killings. Having campaigned so effectively around the issue of political prisoners and torture, they were concerned that Governments seemed to be avoiding the potential scrutiny of detentions of political opponents, opting instead to “disappear” and kill them without any judicial process. The work carried out in this regard included effective transnational advocacy on the part of victims and their families, such as the organizations Vicaría de la Solidaridad in Chile and the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo in Argentina.12. By 1980, as the Commission on Human Rights was establishing a working group to look at disappearances, the international community had also begun to consider the issue of summary executions. The Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities had a long-standing agenda item on “disappearances and summary executions”, but both diplomatic preference and civil society strategy focused substantive debates on the death penalty (“summary or arbitrary executions”) and political killings (“extralegal executions”) in the context of the Vienna-based Committee on Crime Prevention and Control and the related quinquennial United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders. It was at the Sixth Congress, held in 1980, that the first substantial progress towards international recognition of extralegal executions was achieved when a group of countries (Austria, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Venezuela,A/77/27022-12275 5/22the host country of the Congress) sponsored a resolution on the issue, which was adopted with 74 votes in favour.313. In the resolution, the term “extralegal executions” was not defined, but “the practice of killing and executing political opponents or suspected offenders carried out by armed forces, law enforcement or other governmental agencies or by paramilitary or political groups acting with the tacit or other support of such forces or agencies” was condemned.414. Meanwhile, at its session in August and September 1981, the working group on detention of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities began to consider the issue of “arbitrary or summary executions” and drew up a resolution calling for the issue to be given “the most urgent consideration”.515. In his opening remarks at the thirty-eighth session of the Commission on Human Rights, held in February 1982, the head of the Division of Human Rights recalled an issue which, on any account, must be considered among the most basic and fundamental questions on the human rights agenda, namely, the need to stop deliberate violations of the right to life. He asserted that the Commission’s role with respect to the right to life was “to protect the human person and to prevent deliberate killings perpetrated by organized power”. He highlighted the recent General Assembly resolution on summary and arb [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/N2245271.pdf ) [400] => Array ( [objectID] => 19889 [title] => Poster 2022 Turkish – 20.CI ÖLÜM CEZASINA KARŞI DÜNYA GÜNÜ [timestamp] => 1659657600 [date] => 05/08/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-2022-turkish-20-ci-olum-cezasina-karsi-dunya-gunu/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => World Day 2022 Poster in Turkish - ÖLÜM CEZASI: İŞKENCEYLE DÖŞELI BIR YOLDUR [texte] => www.worldcoalition.orgÖLÜM CEZASI:İŞKENCEYLE DÖŞELIBIR YOLDUR10.10.202220.CI ÖLÜM CEZASINA KARŞIDÜNYA GÜNÜ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Turkish_WD2022_Poster.pdf ) [401] => Array ( [objectID] => 20500 [title] => A/HRC/51/7 – Advance Edited Version – Question of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1658793600 [date] => 26/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-51-7-advance-edited-version-question-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submitted to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty. In the report, the Secretary-General reaffirms the trend towards the universal abolition of the death penalty and highlights initiatives limiting its use and implementing the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing this severe penalty. A minority of States continued to use the death penalty. Pursuant to Council resolution 22/11, the report also includes information on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed. [texte] => Human Rights Council Fifty-first session 12 September–7 October 2022Agenda items 2 and 3Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-GeneralPromotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to developmentQuestion of the death penaltyReport of the Secretary-General*SummaryPursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submitted to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty. In the report, the Secretary-General reaffirms the trend towards the universal abolition of the death penalty and highlights initiatives limiting its use and implementing the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing this severe penalty. A minority of States continued to use the death penalty. Pursuant to Council resolution 22/11, the report also includes information on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed.* The present report was submitted after the deadline in order to reflect recent developments.A/HRC/51/7Advance Edited VersionDistr.: General26 July 2022Original: EnglishA/HRC/51/72I. Introduction1. Pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submitted to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty, including the quinquennial report of the Secretary-General.1 Pursuant to Council resolution 22/11, the report also includes information on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to death or executed.2. The report covers the period July 2020–June 2022. It is based largely on a call for inputs circulated to States, national human rights institutions, United Nations entities, international and regional intergovernmental bodies and non-governmental organizations.2 Attention is also drawn to the report on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, being submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly at its seventy-seventh session, in which he outlines efforts made towards the implementation of Assembly resolution 75/183.II. Changes in law and practiceA. Abolition of the death penalty or initiatives towards its abolition, including establishing a moratorium on executions3. The Human Rights Committee has stated that article 6 (6) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights reaffirms the position that States parties that are not yet totally abolitionist should be on an irrevocable path towards complete eradication of the death penalty, de facto and de jure, in the foreseeable future. The death penalty cannot be reconciled with full respect for the right to life, and abolition of the death penalty is both desirable and necessary for the enhancement of human dignity and the progressive development of human rights.34. Some 170 States have abolished or introduced a moratorium on the death penalty either in law or in practice, or have suspended executions for more than 10 years. In 2020, the General Assembly adopted resolution 75/183, in which it called upon States to establish a moratorium on executions, with a view to abolishing the death penalty. In their submissions for the present report, several States described their process of and support for abolition.45. During the reporting period, Kazakhstan5 and Sierra Leone6 abolished the death penalty for all crimes. Armenia7 and Kazakhstan8 deposited their instruments of ratification to the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.91 E/2020/53.2 Submissions are available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/calls-input/call-inputs-secretary-generals-report-question-death-penalty-51st.3 Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 36 (2018), para. 50.4 Australia, Mexico, Romania and Switzerland. See also submissions of the European Union and the Institution of the Human Rights Ombudsman of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cuba highlighted that it was opposed to the application of the death penalty and was in favour of eliminating it when favourable conditions existed. Cuba, Singapore and the Syrian Arab Republic maintained that there was no international consensus with regard to the death penalty, and Singapore and the Syrian Arab Republic noted that every country has the sovereign right to determine its own criminal justice system, based on its circumstances and in accordance with its international obligations.5 Law on amendments and additions to certain legislative acts on the abolition of the death penalty, 29 December 2021.6 Law on the abolition of the death penalty, 8 October 2021; https://statehouse.gov.sl/2021/10/08/.7 CCPR/C/ARM/CO/3, para. 4.8 CERD/C/KAZ/CO/8-10, para. 3 (a).9 See https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4&clang=_en.A/HRC/51/73Legislators in the Central African Republic10 and Papua New Guinea11 passed bills to abolish the death penalty. In the United States of America, at the federal level, the Attorney General ordered a moratorium on all federal executions pending review of certain policies and procedures.12 At the state level, 36 states have either abolished the death penalty, have a formal moratorium on its use or have not carried out an execution in a decade.13 The State of Virginia abolished the death penalty,14 Ohio announced reprieves of executions,15 and in Utah, bipartisan legislation to repeal the death penalty is being considered.166. Various domestic legal processes towards abolition of the death penalty were initiated or are ongoing. In Equatorial Guinea, the review of the Penal Code to abolish the death penalty was approved by the Senate and was awaiting final approval of the President. In Ghana, a bill proposing the abolition of the death penalty advanced in parliament.17 In Liberia, the executive reviewed legislation containing death penalty provisions and submitted a draft bill to the legislature to repeal it. In Zambia, the President pledged to abolish the death penalty and work with parliament towards that end.187. Domestic courts in various States have considered issues around the constitutionality of death penalty provisions or its lawfulness in different applications. In Malawi, the Supreme Court of Appeal declared the death penalty unconstitutional and contrary to the right to life.19 However, thereafter, the Supreme Court issued a “perfected” judgment reversing its original judgment.20 The High Commissioner for Human Rights welcomed the statement of the President of Malawi noting that the earlier ruling abolishing the death penalty would be respected.21 Challenges to the constitutionality of the death penalty were also filed and were being considered by the judiciary in Guyana,22 the Republic of Korea23 and Trinidad and Tobago.248. During the Council’s universal periodic review process, States made numerous recommendations to retentionist States. They included recommendations to ratify or consider ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant;25 restrict the use of the death penalty to crimes that meet the “most serious crimes” threshold under international law;26 eliminate10 See https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2022/06/comment-un-high-commissioner-human-rights-michelle-bachelet-adoption-law.11 See https://www.ohchr.org/en/2022/01/comment-un-high-commissioner-human-rights-michelle-bachelet-papua-new-guineas-repeal-death; and https://icomdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/ICDP-2022_01_Papua-New-Guinea_Press-Release.pdf.12 See https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-merrick-b-garland-imposes-moratorium-federal-executions-orders-review.13 See https://reports.deathpenaltyinfo.org/year-end/YearEndReport2021.pdf.14 See https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?211+sum+HB2263; and http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/jsForm/?File=/en/iachr/media_center/preleases/2021/072.asp.15 See https://reports.deathpenaltyinfo.org/year-end/YearEndReport2020.pdf; https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news-brief/kareem-jackson-receives-fourth-execution-reprieve-in-ohio-execution-date-re-set-for-2025; and https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news-brief/ohio-governor-issues-three-more-reprieves-reschedules-executions-for-2025.16 See https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/legislators-plan-new-attempt-to-repeal-utah-capital-punishment-law-as-prominent-county-attorney-announces-he-will-no-longer-seek-the-death-penalty.17 See https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ACT5054182022ENGLISH.pdf.18 See https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2022/05/zambias-pledge-abolish-death-penalty.19 See https://malawilii.org/mw/judgment/supreme-court-appeal/2021/3.20 See https://www.jurist.org/news/2021/08/malawi-supreme-court-reverses-death-penalty-ban/.21 See https://www.ohchr.org/en/2021/08/comment-un-human-rights-spokesperson-marta-hurtado-malawis-death-penalty-reinstatement.22 See https://deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/DPP-Annual-report-2021-Web-spread-150dpi.pdf.23 See https://www.humanrights.go.kr/site/program/board/basicboard/view?currentpage=3&menuid =002002001&pagesize=10&boardtypeid=7003&boardid=7606409.24 See https://deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/DPP-Annual-report-2021-Web-spread-150dpi.pdf.25 E.g., recommendations to Belarus (A/HRC/46/5), Libya (A/HRC/46/17), Oman (A/HRC/47/11), Singapore (A/HRC/48/16), Somalia (A/HRC/48/11), Thailand (A/HRC/49/17) and United States (A/HRC/46/15).26 E.g., recommendations to Thailand (A/HRC/49/17).A/HRC/51/74the mandatory character of the death penalty;27 improve access to legal assistance for individuals who may face a death sentence;28 ensure strict compliance in all death penalty cases with international fair trial standards;29 commute all death sentences to terms of imprisonment;30 conduct awareness-raising campaigns on human rights and alternatives to the death penalty;31 establish a moratorium;32 and consider abolition.339. Liberia, Nauru, the Niger, Samoa and Sierra [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/A_HRC_51_7_AdvanceEditedVersion.pdf ) [402] => Array ( [objectID] => 19877 [title] => The Power of Example: Whither The Biden Death Penalty Promise? [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-power-of-example-whither-the-biden-death-penalty-promise/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “The President, his administration and Congress must recognize that respect for human dignity and retention of the death penalty are incompatible; that respect for the rule of law must include international human rights law guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty; that upholding universal rights must include upholding the right of everyone to life and freedom from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; and that making international institutions stronger must include implementing the conclusions of UN human rights treaty bodies,” [texte] => THE POWEROF EXAMPLEWHITHER THE BIDENDEATH PENALTY PROMISE?Amnesty International is a movement of 10 million people which mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaigns for change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our vision is of a world where those in power keep their promises, respect international law and are held to account. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarity and compassion with people everywhere can change our societies for the better.© Amnesty International 2022 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a CreativeCommons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence.https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org amnesty.org First published in 2022by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1, Easton StreetLondon WC1X 0DW United Kingdom Index: AMR 51/5484/2022Original language: English AMNESTY.ORG Cover photography by Scott Langley010607162227343841475157596368TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARYKey Recommendations1. THE POWER OF EXAMPLE1.1 Whither the Biden Death Penalty Promise?2. 'THIS IS NOT JUSTICE'2.1 Arbitrariness: “The antithesis of the rule of law”2.2 Rejection of mitigation and rehabilitation2.3 Race matters2.4 Mental disability and legal representation2.5 Intellectual disability and outdated diagnostics2.6 No mercy: Was clemency always a lost cause?3. INTERNATIONAL LAW3.1 International covenant on civil and political rights3.2 Prohibition of racial discrimination3.3 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights7072757979879295974. END FEDERAL ENABLING OF STATE DEATH PENALTY4.1 End federal backstopping for states4.2 End litigation backing state executions4.3 End work with states on execution methods5. COMMUTE ALL FEDERAL DEATH SENTENCES5.1 The case of Billie Allen6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 RecommendationsAPPENDIX: A CENTURY CENTERING ON FURMAN, 1922-1972-2022ABBREVIATIONSAmerican Convention on Human RightsAnti-Drug Abuse ActAntiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty ActFederal Bureau of PrisonsCommittee for the Elimination of Racial DiscriminationDepartment of JusticeDeath Penalty Information CenterEconomic and Social CouncilFederal Death Penalty ActInter-American Commission on Human RightsAmerican Convention on Human RightsInternational Covenant on Civil and Political RightsInternational Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial DiscriminationMilitary Commissions ActOrganization of American StatesUniversal Declaration of Human RightsUnited NationsACHRADAAAEDPABOPCERDDOJDPICECOSOCFDPAIACHRACHRICCPRICERDMCAOASUDHRUNAMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 1“ IN STRIKING DOWN CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, THIS COURT DOES NOT MALIGN OUR SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT. ON THE CONTRARY, IT PAYS HOMAGE TO IT… IN RECOGNIZING THE HUMANITY OF OUR FELLOW HUMAN BEINGS, WE PAY OURSELVES THE HIGHEST TRIBUTE”Furman v. Georgia, United States Supreme Court, 29 June 1972, Justice Thurgood Marshall concurring On 29 June 1972, the US Supreme Court issued a landmark decision, Furman v. Georgia, overturning the country’s death penalty laws. As states rushed to revise their capital statutes, here was a golden opportunity for the elected branches of the federal government to provide principled human right leadership, and to work for a permanent end to judicial killing across the United States of America (USA). Such leadership never came. Presidents from Richard Nixon to Donald Trump offered an unbroken 50-year thread of support for the death penalty even as they proclaimed the USA to be a, if not the, champion of human rights in the world. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY2 THE POWER OF EXAMPLE: WHITHER THE BIDEN DEATH PENALTY PROMISE?Half a century and more than 1,500 executions later, the USA has a President who campaigned for office on an abolitionist platform. President Joe Biden promised that if elected he would work for abolition of the federal death penalty and encourage the same at the state level. However, except for a temporary moratorium on federal executions, in the eighteen months since he entered the White House as President, little progress on his abolitionist pledge has been visible. What is more, his administration’s defense of the sentences of all of those currently on federal death row – opposing relief and moving them closer to execution – is cause for concern. Time is of the essence, and it is passing. Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of the nature or circumstances of the crime; questions of guilt, innocence, or other aspects of the case; or the method used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization does not seek to minimize the seriousness of violent crime or to downplay its consequences on individuals, their families, and the wider community. The death penalty is a punishment, however, that is a symptom of violence not a solution to it, and one which expands the grief and suffering of the relatives and loved ones of murder victims to those of the condemned. It should have no place in any justice system anywhere. While international human rights law places an expectation on governments to ensure abolition of the death penalty within a reasonable timeframe, pending abolition that same body of law requires adherence to stringent safeguards in any application of capital punishment. AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 3Amnesty International submits that the 50th anniversary of Furmanis an opportune moment for the US administration and members of Congress to be reminded that the world is waiting for the USA to do what almost 100 countries have achieved during this past half century – total abolition of the death penalty.1 Abolition of the federal death penalty would be consistent with US obligations under international human rights law. It would bolster the position of those states in the USA that have already got rid of the death penalty or are moving towards doing so. It would set a positive example to individual state governments that continue to use this cruel, unnecessary, and flawed policy, as well as to the diminishing list of retentionist countries. The US Government plumbed a new low between July 2020 and January 2021 when it carried out 13 federal executions after none for 17 years. Shortly before the first of these, a US Supreme Court Justice warned that the cases of those lined up for federal execution promised to illustrate the sort of inequities that beset the death penalty at state level, and which called into question the constitutionality of the entire system. He was right. Among the cases of the 12 men and one woman put to death by the federal government were compelling examples of arbitrariness, racial discrimination, prosecutorial misconduct, mental disability, intellectual disability, inadequate legal representation, and the failure of the authorities to prioritize rehabilitation even in the case of teenaged offenders (18 and 19 at the time of the crime). The administration’s drive to get as many individuals as it could to the death chamber before it left office – even in the face of a global pandemic that hindered defence lawyers representing their death row clients – generated serious doubts as to whether there was ever, in any of the cases, a genuine prospect of executive clemency as international law demands. 1 By the end of 1971, 13 countries had abolished the death penalty in law. Today, that number has risen to 110 – more than half the world’s countries. More than two-thirds of countries in the world (144) are abolitionist in law or practice.4 THE POWER OF EXAMPLE: WHITHER THE BIDEN DEATH PENALTY PROMISE?This episode was a brutal wake-up call about what can happen if the fate of individuals on death row is handed to an executive with an appetite for seeing death sentences through to their lethal conclusion, and it led to a new interest in US Congress for abolition of the federal death penalty. However, as the execution spree fades from the memory, the political will necessary to pass legislation for abolition is at risk of dissipating too. This report, then, stems from Amnesty International's concern that the clock is running on the Biden pledge with little to show for it. It is not a study of the federal death penalty as such or an examination of the cases of the more than 40 individuals currently on federal death row, or of those federal defendants facing death penalty trials. The report revisits the six-month federal execution spree in a bid to jog the collective governmental memory of that shameful episode and to reboot the political commitment to abolition. It also seeks to remind the US authorities of their general and specific obligations under international human rights law in relation to the death penalty, including as provided in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). For decades, UN treaty monitoring bodies have conducted their reviews of the USA’s human rights record. Time after time, these expert bodies have called on the USA to halt executions and work for abolition. Time after time their calls have been rejected. So too at regional level. The USA has become something of a rogue outlier on the death penalty at the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which the USA has routinely ignored when this expert body has called for stays of execution or commutation of death sentences. So it was during the federal execution spree too. Among the issues that have come up in UN and regional human rights bodies time and time again has been the question of racial and other discrimination in the application of the death penalty in the USA. The only conclusion that can be drawn from the refusal of the US authorities to respond appropriately is that in the end they care little about the fact that executions [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/The-Power-of-Example-Whither-the-Biden-Death-Penalty-Promise-.pdf ) [403] => Array ( [objectID] => 19869 [title] => United States – Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Death Penalty – May 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/united-states-committee-on-the-elimination-of-racial-discrimination-death-penalty-may-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 1. The Committee last reviewed the United States' compliance with the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination in 2014. Among the 2014 Concluding Observations are two recommendations relevant to this Report. 2. The Committee stated that it "remain[ed] concerned that members of racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans, continue to be disproportionately arrested, incarcerated and subjected to harsher sentences, including life imprisonment without parole and the death penalty." Among other things, the Committee encouraged "[a]mending laws and policies leading to racially disparate impacts in the criminal justice system ... and implementing effective national strategies or plans of action aimed at eliminating structural discrimination." The Committee specifically encouraged "[i]mposing a moratorium on the death penalty, at the federal level, with a view to abolishing the death penalty."1 3. The Committee also commented on "the ongoing challenges faced by indigent persons belonging to racial and ethnic minorities to access legal counsel in criminal proceedings in practice." The Committee encouraged the adoption of "all necessary measures to eliminate the disproportionate impact of systemic inadequacies in criminal defence programmes on indigent defendants belonging to racial and ethnic minorities, including by improving the quality of legal representation provided to indigent defendants."2 4. This report addresses the United States' compliance with its human rights obligations under the Convention with regard to the death penalty, including with respect to those areas identified in the Committee's 2014 Concluding Observations as described above. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgSuggested List of Themes Report on the Death Penalty in the United States of AmericaSubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rights, a non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, The Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and Witness to Innocencefor the 107th Session of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (8–30 August 2022Submitted 16 May 2022Founded in 1983, The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact-finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publication. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a Death Penalty Project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty (PCADP) is a non-party, non-sectarian organisation incorporated in Puerto Rico in March 2005 to promote the elimination of the capital punishment. The PCADP aims to join efforts among the different abolitionist organisations and activists in Puerto Rico. Its Statement of Principles emphasizes that it does not believe in the impunity of a crime and identifies with the pain of the families of both the victims and the accused. It rejects the death penalty inside and outside Puerto Rico. The PCADP aims at excluding Puerto Rico from the scope of the Federal Death Penalty Act, as is the case for other federal laws. It also intends to mark its opposition in every case in which death penalty certification is to be requested by federal prosecutors in Puerto Rico. The PCADP has been a member of the World Coalition since 2006. As of June 2007, the PCADP was composed of more than 40 religious, political, student, community, labor union, professional, and human rights advocacy organisations.Witness to Innocence is the organization of, by and for death row exonerees, committed to ending2the death penalty.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. The Committee last reviewed the United States’ compliance with the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination in 2014. Among the 2014 Concluding Observations are two recommendations relevant to this Report. 2. The Committee stated that it “remain[ed] concerned that members of racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans, continue to be disproportionately arrested, incarcerated and subjected to harsher sentences, including life imprisonment without parole and the death penalty.” Among other things, the Committee encouraged “[a]mending laws and policies leading to racially disparate impacts in the criminal justice system … andimplementing effective national strategies or plans of action aimed at eliminating structural discrimination.” The Committee specifically encouraged “[i]mposing a moratorium on the death penalty, at the federal level, with a view to abolishing the death penalty.”13. The Committee also commented on “the ongoing challenges faced by indigent persons belonging to racial and ethnic minorities to access legal counsel in criminal proceedings in practice.” The Committee encouraged the adoption of “all necessary measures to eliminate the disproportionate impact of systemic inadequacies in criminal defence programmes on indigent defendants belonging to racial and ethnic minorities, including by improving the quality of legal representation provided to indigent defendants.”24. This report addresses the United States’ compliance with its human rights obligations under the Convention with regard to the death penalty, including with respect to those areas identified in the Committee’s 2014 Concluding Observations as described above. The United States fails to uphold its obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial DiscriminationI. The Death Penalty5. The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits “cruel and unusual punishments.” The Fifth Amendment states that no person shall “be deprived of life . . . without due process of law.” In 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that, “[a]s it relates to crimes against individuals . . . the death penalty should not be expanded to instances where the victim’s life was not taken.”3Federal death penalty law6. At the federal level, the death penalty is available for a wide variety of crimes, including crimes that do not necessarily entail an intentional killing. For example, several crimes “resulting in death” are eligible for the death penalty, including harboring certain aliens,4destruction of aircraft or motor vehicles,5or civil rights offenses.6 Treason and espionage are 1 Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Concluding observations on the combined seventh to ninth periodic reports of the United States of America, adopted by the Committee at its 2317th session (26 August 2014), U.N. Doc CERD/C/USA/CO/7-9, ⁋ 20.2Id. ⁋ 23.3 Kennedy v. Louisiana, 554 U.S. 407 (2008). 4 8 U.S.C. § 1342(B)(iv).5 18 U.S.C. §§ 32-34.6 18 U.S.C. §§ 241, 242, 245, 247.4also capital crimes, regardless of whether they result in death.7 Trafficking in large quantities of drugs is a capital crime.87. Racial and ethnic minorities account for 77% of individuals on death row at the federal level.9As of the end of 2020, 21 of the 51 people on federal death row were Black, and 7 were Hispanic.10 The United States’ Tenth to Twelfth Periodic Report states that the Justice Department “continues to take great precautions to ensure that decisions to seek the death penalty at the federal level are not based on factors that include race or national origin.”11 Yet federal authorities continue to seek the death penalty disproportionately in prosecutions of members of racial and ethnic minority groups. Prior to 2020, the federal government had not executed anyone since 2003,12 although the Justice Department continued to seek the death penalty during that time.13 Between 1988 and September 29, 2021, the federal government had taken to trial a total of 208 federal death penalty cases involving 305 defendants in 239 trials.14 During that same period, of the total number of defendants against whom the Justice Department authorized prosecutors to request the death penalty, 28% have been non-Hispanic White, 18% have been Hispanic, 49% have been Black, and 5% have been other races or ethnic groups.158. Federal authorities often disregard local objections to the death penalty, a practice that has particular salience in jurisdictions with large populations of racial and ethnic minorities. One of the individuals that federal authorities recently executed was a member of the Navajo Nation, Lezmond Mitchell.16 Mitchell was the only indigenous person on federal death row. At the time of Mitchell’s trial, Navajo Nation officials had urged the federal government not to pursue the death penalty. The U.S. Attorney General insisted on seeking the death penalty, despite recommendations from the federal prosecutor and the Navajo Nation not to seek it. In the weeks leading up to his execution, Navajo Nation leaders unsuccessfully implored the federal government to commute Mr. Mitchell’s sentence.9. After a 17-year de facto moratorium on executions by the federal government, the federal government resumed executions in 2020 following Attorney General William Barr’s 2019 direction to the Federal Bureau of Prisons to adopt an addendum to the Federal Execution 7 18 U.S.C. §§ 794, 2381.8 18 U.S.C. § 3591(b).9 ACLU, Race and the Death Penalty, accessible at aclu.org/other/race-and-death-penalty (last accessed March 16, 2022).10 Capital punishment, 2020 – Statistical tables, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau ofJustice Statistics, Dec. 2021, at 10, 13, https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/cp20st.pdf.11 Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Combined tenth to twelfth periodic reports submitted by the United States of America under article 9 of the Convention, due in 2017, (20 Dec. 2021), U.N. Doc. CERD/C/USA/10-12, ¶ 116 [hereinafter U.S. Tenth to Twelfth Periodic Report].12Federal Government Resumes Executions After 17-Year Hiatus, Executes Seven Prisoners in Three Months, AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION, available at https://www.americanbar.org/groups/committees/death_penalty_representation/project_press/2020/fall-2020/federal-government-executes-seven-in-three-months/ (last visited March 19, 2022). 13 Kelley Czajka, How Does the Federal Death Penalty Work? PACIFIC STANDARD, Jul 25, 2019, available at https://psmag.com/news/how-does-the-federal-death-penalty-work (last visited March 19, 2022).14 Current Statistics re Use of Federal De [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/CERD-USA-Death-Penalty-FINAL.pdf ) [404] => Array ( [objectID] => 19861 [title] => Philippines – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty – June 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/philippines-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty-june-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Government of the Philippines has taken commendable steps toward protecting and promoting the rights of women overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), but those workers remain vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, and when they come into conflict with the law in their host countries, their vulnerabilities are compounded by linguistic and legal barriers, as well as judicial systems which fail to account for the gendered context in which they allegedly committed criminal acts. The Government of the Philippines should do more to ensure protection of the rights of these women OFWs, particularly when they are at risk of being sentenced to death. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgThe Philippines’ Compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against WomenSuggested List of Issues Relating to the Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 199684th Pre-Sessional Working Group of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women4–8 July 2022Submitted 6 June 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based non-governmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network: Founded in 2006, the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) is a regional network of organizations and individuals committed to working towards abolition of the death penalty in the Asia Pacific, with members from approximately 22 countries within the region. Our role is to create wider societal support for abolition of the death penalty in the Asia Pacific region through advocacy, education, and network building. ADPAN maintains that the death penalty violates the right to life; that it is the ultimate form of cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment; and that the death penalty should be entirely abolished internationally.The Capital Punishment Justice Project (formerly Reprieve Australia) has been advocating for a world without the death penalty since 2001. It strives to be practical and effective by drawing upon networks of lawyers and experts in related disciplines to support local advocates who are working for change. Its projects began in the USA where it continues to assist lawyers in capital proceedings. In 2012, the scope of its work expanded to Asia in recognition of the persistence of the death penalty in that region. It is now an experienced participant in litigation, advocacy and professional development within Asia. It is committed to developing legal and policy solutions that will make a difference for people at risk of execution and create the conditions for abolition.2In 2018, Monash University joined forces with an Australian NGO, the Capital Punishment Justice Project, with a shared ambition to end the death penalty in Asia. Together, they formed Eleos Justice. Over the coming five years, Eleos Justice hopes to see a significant shift in the debate about the death penalty, and capital punishment policy. Our long-term vision is to become the region’s leading institute for evidence-based research, policy, network-building, and clinical casework devoted to restricting and abolishing the death penalty. Eleos Justice is based at the Faculty of Law, Monash University (Australia).Odhikar, meaning “rights” in Bangla, is a human rights organisation based in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and was established on October 10, 1994, by a group of human rights defenders to monitor human rights violations and create wider awareness. It holds special consultative status with the ECOSOC of the United Nations.3The Philippines fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women by taking insufficient steps to address the vulnerabilities of women overseas workers at risk of being sentenced to death1. The Government of the Philippines has taken commendable steps toward protecting and promoting the rights of women overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), but those workers remain vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, and when they come into conflict with the law in their host countries, their vulnerabilities are compounded by linguistic and legal barriers, as well as judicial systems which fail to account for the gendered context in which they allegedly committed criminal acts. The Government of the Philippines should do more to ensure protection of the rights of these women OFWs, particularly when they are at risk of being sentenced to death.2. In its 2016 Concluding Observations and Recommendations, the Committee expressed concern that the Philippines “has a large proportion of its population working abroad as migrant workers, many of them women,” and recommended that the Philippines “further accelerate . . . the full realization of human rights for women, in particular by strengthening a gender-sensitive approach to . . . migration, . . . with special attention paid to women facing multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination.”13. The Committee also expressed concern about “the widespread exploitation and abuse of Filipina migrant workers working abroad, in particular as domestic workers,” and recommended that the Philippines:“(a) Enhance its efforts to effectively protect the rights of Filipina migrant workers abroad, through bilateral agreements and memorandums of understanding with countries and regions to which Filipinas migrate in search of work;“(b) Strengthen the regulation and inspection of recruitment agencies for migrant workers and the sanctions applicable in case of breaches of relevant regulations;“(c) Continue its efforts to raise awareness among women migrant workers about their rights, the risks that they may face and the channels that they can use to seek remedies in case of violations of their rights, through pre departure briefings and public information campaigns;“(d) Investigate, prosecute and punish perpetrators of exploitation and abuse of women migrant workers, in particular domestic workers, who are under its jurisdiction;“(e) Provide gender-responsive support to returning women migrant workers for their reintegration.”24. The Philippines’ Ninth periodic report to the Committee responds to these recommendations as follows:“110. The State implements measures to address vulnerabilities due to migration of unskilled migrants. The State championed the crafting and adoption of the [Global 1 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Concluding observations on the combined seventh and eighth periodic reports of the Philippines (25 July 2016), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/:PHL/CO/7-8, ⁋⁋ 8–9. 2 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Concluding observations on the combined seventh and eighth periodic reports of the Philippines (25 July 2016), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/:PHL/CO/7-8, ⁋⁋ 37–38.4Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM)]. The implementation of the GCM provides a unique opportunity for States to ensure that the rights, needs and situations of vulnerability of migrant women and girls are addressed while promoting their empowerment, by putting in place gender-responsive migration policies, laws, programs, and services. In 2017, the State also steered the adoption of the ASEAN Consensus on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers. It also served as the volunteer country shepherd for the [Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (ACTIP)]. It also signed the Manila Declaration to Enhance International Cooperation in Combatting Human Trafficking.“111. The State continues to intensify its campaign against individuals/groups that violate Philippine recruitment laws and regulations. It continuously conducts Pre-Employment Orientation Seminar (PEOS) and Pre-Deployment Orientation Seminar to departing migrant workers. It also provides assistance against anti-illegal recruitment or TIP. A considerable number of private recruitment agencies’ licenses have been cancelled due to these violations, and a number of illegal recruiters have been convicted. Efforts to promote and intensify anti-trafficking national prevention and educational campaigns are also being implemented.“112. To address the vulnerability of overseas Filipino workers (OFW), particularly female domestic workers, the State has entered into bilateral labour agreements with destination countries and continues to conduct regular dialogue with them to ensure that the rights and welfare of OFWs are protected. Through the Philippine Overseas Labour Offices (POLO) in 40 countries, the State has also provided interventions in assisting the workers on their issues and concerns relative to their work conditions and well-being. The State has also established an OFW Command Center to ensure that OFWs and next-of-kin concerns/issues are acted upon promptly.”35. In September 2021, the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines issued an Advisory on the Increased Vulnerability of Women Migrant Workers on Death Row.4 This Advisory, attached as Appendix 1, provides important insights into the vulnerabilities of women Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) in the context of the death penalty. The remainder of this report summarizes information contained in the Advisory.6. Approximately 25% of Filipinos on death row overseas are women, even though globally women constitute less than 5% of the population on death row.5 Women OFWs live predominantly in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar—all countries that actively apply the death penalty.67. Several factors influence the disproportionate representation of Filipinas on death row in other countries. First, they are at a heightened risk of being trafficked, being used for drug 3 Committee on the Elimination of D [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Final_Philippines-CEDAW-LOI-death-penalty.pdf ) [405] => Array ( [objectID] => 19860 [title] => Tunisia – Committee Against Torture (LOIPR) – Death Penalty – June 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tunisia-committee-against-torture-loipr-death-penalty-june-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Tunisia carried out its last execution in 1991, over 30 years ago. Despite this de facto moratorium on executions, Tunisian courts continue to sentence people to death. Courts sentence people to death every year for a variety of crimes, especially terrorism. The current administration is undoing many of the positive changes to the Tunisian judicial system brought about by the 2011 revolution, and public opinion is divided over whether to move forward with abolition, maintain the status quo, or even resume executions, a course of action that some politicians and officials within the government support. Tunisia continues to support the UN resolutions aiming to establish a global moratorium on executions but has refused to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.This report recommends that Tunisia maintain its commitment to the UN moratorium and move to ratify the Second Optional Protocol, while also working to restore the independence of its judiciary and reducing the total number of crimes punishable by death in the short term. In the long-term Tunisia should completely and unconditionally abolish the death penalty. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights: 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgTunisia’s Compliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentSuggested List of Issues Prior to Reporting Relating to the Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyLa Coalition Tunisienne Contre La Peine de Mort (CTCPM)andEnsemble Contre La Peine de Mort (ECPM)75th Session of the Committee against Torture31 October–25 November 2022Submitted 13 June 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based non-governmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a volunteer-based non-government organization committed to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Established in 2002, its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition. The Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CTCPM) is an independent nongovernmental organization, whose objectives are the abolition of the death penalty in Tunisia through the constitution and development of a citizens' movement in favor of the abolition and arrest of the Tunisian authorities.ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) is a French non-governmental organisation that fights against the death penalty worldwide and in all circumstances by uniting and rallying abolitionist forces across the world. The organisation advocates with international bodies and encourages universal abolition through education, information, local partnerships and public awareness campaigns. ECPM is the organiser of the World Congresses Against the Death Penalty 2and a founding member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. In 2016, ECPM was granted consultative status with ECOSOC.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Tunisia carried out its last execution in 1991, over 30 years ago. Despite this de facto moratorium on executions, Tunisian courts continue to sentence people to death. Courts sentence people to death every year for a variety of crimes, especially terrorism. The current administration is undoing many of the positive changes to the Tunisian judicial system brought about by the 2011 revolution, and public opinion is divided over whether to move forward with abolition, maintain the status quo, or even resume executions, a course of action that some politicians and officials within the government support. Tunisia continues to support the UN resolutions aiming to establish a global moratorium on executions but has refused to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.2. This report recommends that Tunisia maintain its commitment to the UN moratorium and move to ratify the Second Optional Protocol, while also working to restore the independence of its judiciary and reducing the total number of crimes punishable by death in the short term.In the long-term Tunisia should completely and unconditionally abolish the death penalty.Tunisia fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentI. Death penalty3. In 2016, the Committee Against Torture (“Committee”) recommended Tunisia pursue ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, which Tunisia has not done.1 During the last Universal Periodic Review, Tunisia received 18 recommendations relating to the death penalty, and supported four, noting the remaining 14.4. In its State Party Report, the government of Tunisia stated “accession to the [Second Protocol], under which the states commit to abolishing the death penalty, requires a broad societal dialogue, particularly inasmuch as under the current Constitution, article 22, ‘The right to life shall be sacred and shall not be prejudiced except in extreme cases regulated by law.”2 While Tunisia did not provide specific goals or a plan of action to achieve this dialogue, it also commented that “it should be noted that the issue of the death penalty has been discussed in the National Constituent Assembly and among political parties and other components of civil society.”3 Tunisia has maintained a de facto moratorium on executions since 1991 and has supported General Assembly resolutions calling for a global moratorium on executions in2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020.5. Tunisian courts continue to sentence people to death; in 2019, “95 to 110 people [were] known [to be under sentence of death]including 3 women.”4 By the end of 2021, this number had risen 1 Committee against Torture, Concluding observations on the third periodic report of Tunisia (June 10, 2016), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/TUN//CO/3, ¶ 46.2 Committee against Torture, List of issues in relation to the third periodic report of Tunisia, Addendum—Replies of Tunisia to the List of Issues (Feb. 16, 2016), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/TUN/Q/3/Add.1, ¶ 37. 3 Human Rights Council, National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21—Tunisia (Feb. 20, 2017), A/HRC/WG.6/27/TUN/1, ¶ 61. 4 World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, “The Abolition of the Death Penalty in Tunisia, a Fight Against Torture,” June 18, 2020, https://worldcoalition.org/2020/06/18/the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-tunisia-a-fightagainst-4to a total of “about 136 including three women and two suffering from psychological and mental disorders.”5 Early 2022 saw an increase in the rate of sentencing, with “11 death sentences [issued] in less than 15 days,” reaching 44 death sentence in May 2022.66. Political will to maintain the moratorium may be weakening. After the murder of a woman in Tunis in 2020, President Kais Saied “announced his position in favor of resuming executions . . . saying ‘murder deserves the death penalty,’”7 and in response to rising crime rates, popular opinion supporting the death penalty is increasingly vocal.87. Tunisia has made some progress toward abolition. The 2018 Commission for Individual Freedom and Equality put forward a proposal which “provides that ‘the death penalty is abolished’ and that ‘everyone sentenced to the death penalty shall have his sentence commuted to a prison sentence [of] life imprisonment.”9 In late 2019, activists and anti-death penalty organizations from the Maghreb states of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia held a conference in Tunis to address “strategies toward the abolition of the death penalty.”108. The Tunisian Penal Code allows the death penalty for an expansive list of crimes, many of which do not rise to the level of “most serious” under international human rights standards. Capital crimes include treason and espionage, attempts to assassinate the head of state, attempts to overthrow the government, gang violence, arson committed against government or military property, threatening or using violence against a judge during a hearing, premeditated murder, and voluntary homicide committed during the commission of another crime.11 Crimes listed under the Military Code and Organic Act No. 2015-26 bring the total number of crimes subject to the death penalty to 54.129. In 2016, the Committee expressed concern that the definition of terrorism was unduly vague.13Tunisia’s Organic Law 2015-26 changed the crime of terrorism to a capital offence; the previous terrorism law, from 2003, did not authorize the death penalty.14 In 2019, Organic Law torture/#:~:text=As%20such%2C%20the%20moratorium%20observed,death%20row%2C%20including%203%20women.5 Coalition against the criminalization of poverty and minor crimes and NGOs partners, Joint contribution for the universal periodic review (UPR) of Tunisia, 41st UPR working group session November 2022, Apr. 21, 2022 6 Tunisia: courts issue 11 death sentences in 15 days, Middle East Monitor, Jan. 18, 2022, https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20220118-tunisia-courts-issue-11-death-sentences-in-15-days/.; Written information from Tunisian human rights defender, 9 June 2022. 7 Amnesty International, “Tunisia: Presidential statement in favor of death penalty is shocking,” September 29, 2020, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/09/tunisia-presidential-statement-in-favour-of-death-penalty-isshocking/8 Simon Speakman Cordall, Tunisia president calls for return of death penalty following brutal killing, The Guardian, Oct. 1, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/oct/01/tunisia-president-calls-forreturn-of-death-penalty-following-brutal-killing 9 ECPM, “Tunisia: The Commission for Individual Freedoms and Equality proposes to abolish the death penalty,” June 14, 2020, https://www.ecpm.org/tunisie-la-commission-des-libertes-in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/Publications/A/Index?id=576 ) [406] => Array ( [objectID] => 19845 [title] => Maldives – Committee Against Torture (LOIPR) – Death Penalty – June 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/maldives-committee-against-torture-loipr-death-penalty-june-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses the Maldives' compliance with its human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. Despite its long-standing, de facto moratorium on executions, the Maldives sentenced two people to death in 2019, after sentencing no one to death in 2018.[1] At the end of 2019, there were 19 people on death row in the Maldives - three of whom had exhausted their appeals and five of whom were juveniles when the crime was committed.[2] The Maldives sentenced another individual to death in 2022, which represented the first time the country sentenced a foreign national to death.[3] The continued use of the death penalty in sentencing is particularly concerning given evidence of due process violations, including the use of torture to obtain confessions, the lack of effective and accessible complaint mechanisms for detained individuals, the lack of an independent judiciary, and the use of the death penalty as a sentence for crimes committed by juveniles. [texte] => 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgThe Maldives’ Compliance with The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentSuggested List of Issues Prior to Reporting Relating to the Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996,The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, andThe Maldivian Democracy Network (MDN) 75th Session of the Committee against Torture31 October–25 November 2022Submitted 13 June 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based non-governmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The Maldivian Democracy Network (MDN) is a non-governmental, non-profit organisation advocating for human rights and democracy in the Maldives. MDN was formed in 2004, allowed to register in the Maldives in 2006 and arbitrarily shut down following blasphemy allegations by the Government of Maldives in 2019. MDN currently works out of Geneva, Switzerland.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses the Maldives’ compliance with its human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. Despite its long-standing, de facto moratorium on executions, the Maldives sentenced two people to death in 2019, after sentencing no one to death in 2018.1 At the end of 2019, there were 19 people on death row in the Maldives – three of whom had exhausted their appeals and five of whom were juveniles when the crime was committed.2 The Maldives sentenced another individual to death in 2022, which represented the first time the country sentenced a foreign national to death.3 The continued use of the death penalty in sentencing is particularly concerning given evidence of due process violations, including the use of torture to obtain confessions, the lack of effective and accessible complaint mechanisms for detained individuals, the lack of an independent judiciary, and the use of the death penalty as a sentence for crimes committed by juveniles. The Maldives fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (“CAT”).2. The Maldives has not yet ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aimed at the abolition of the death penalty.I. The conditions in detention centers in the Maldives are inhumane and there are insufficient channels for complaints of abuse and neglect (Concluding Observations paragraph 9).3. In its 2018 Concluding Observations, the Committee Against Torture (“the Committee”) expressed serious concern over the high number of complaints relative to the low number of investigations of torture and ill-treatment and a lack of accountability and punishment for such offenses.44. According to the Report of the Special Rapporteur, there was significant overcrowding inplaces of deprivation of liberty throughout the country, “often with occupancy rates ranging from 150 to 190 per cent of the actual capacity” and “up to five persons sharing cells designed for single occupancy…forc[ing] the inmates to sleep in shifts with their heads practically touching the toilet while others stood because of the exiguity of the space.”5 Compounding the ill effects of the overcrowding is the fact that inmates are allowed little to no time outdoors to experience fresh air and physical activity while the conditions inside of the detention center are reportedly squalid. The Report of the Special Rapporteur explains that “[i]nmates are locked up in cramped, hot, humid and poorly ventilated cells. They have no access to educational, recreational, vocational, physical or intellectual activity. In several facilities, inmates do not have their own bed or mattress, and sleep either on thin mats or directly on the 1 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2019, ACT 50/1846/2020, 2020, also available online at https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5018472020ENGLISH.PDF.2 Id.3 Bangladeshi national sentenced to death for murdering Maldivian businessman, THE EDITION (28 February 2022), available at: https://edition.mv/news/24033.4 Human Rights Committee, Concluding observations on the initial report of Maldives (19 December 2018), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/MDV/CO/1, ⁋ 9.5 Human Rights Council, Visit to Maldives: Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Nils Melzer (28 December 2020), U.N. Doc. A/HRC/46/26/Add. 1, ⁋ 46, 76. 3hard floor (cement or tiles).”6 This overcrowding combined with otherwise poor conditions and lack of access to fresh air and physical and mental stimulation has led to increased violence in detention centers.7 The Special Rapporteur concluded “that the conditions of detention […]amount to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and, where intentionally and purposefully inflicted, may even amount to torture.”85. Torture in police custody and prisons has been well documented throughout the Maldives.9Although recent reform has led to some change, “independent investigators have reported instances of beating or kicking prisoners; using excessive and cruel restraints, including crosscuffing (chaining legs to hands); and even pepper-spraying underwear” and “[t]he Special Rapporteur . . . reported that no Maldivian official has ever been held accountable for torture.”10 It has been noted that “some forms of torture, including sleep deprivation, have become ‘normalized’ among both prisoners and prison officials and that there was no procedure to confidentially file complaints about torture or other ill-treatment.”11 Since the Anti-Torture Act came into effect in 2013, there have been hundreds of cases of alleged torture investigated by the Human Rights Commission, but few completed because officials opt out of testifying against their fellow officers.12 The government formed a commission to conduct a full prison audit in line with the Mandela Rules.13 The resulting report highlighted issues of torture and corruption within the prison system.14 The report provided 182 recommendations, one of which has been implemented to date.156. The Special Rapporteur also found the medical care in detention centers to be deficient with a lack of access to basic medical care, no preventative programs in place, insufficient staffing, unacceptable delays in treatment and inadequate documenting of incidents.16 In 2020, the Human Rights Commission of Maldives similarly noted that “the prisons overseen by the Maldives Correctional Services lacked timely access to medical care.”17 The Special Rapporteur also found that, “[f]rom a medical perspective, the sleeping conditions, quality of food and ventilation are inadequate in many places of detention, and inmates’ access to fresh air, physical work and recreational activities is clearly insufficient and in some cases, the cause of illness.”186 Id., ⁋ 48. 7 Id., ⁋ 47. 8 Id., ⁋ 50. 9 Human Rights Watch,“I Could Have Been Next” Stymied Reforms in the Maldives, April 14, 2022, https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/04/14/i-could-have-been-next/stymied-reforms-maldives. 10 Id. 11 Id. 12 Id. 13 Humaam Ali, Prison Audit Report Publicized, Raajje.mv, 28 May 2019, https://raajje.mv/56982. 14 Humaam Ali, Prison Audit Report Publicized, Raajje.mv, 28 May 2019, https://raajje.mv/56982. 15 Written information from Maldivian Human Rights Defender, 6 June 2022. 16 Human Rights Council, Visit to Maldives: Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Nils Melzer (28 December 2020), U.N. Doc. A/HRC/46/26/Add. 1, ⁋ 51-55. 17 Amnesty International, Maldives: Investigate death of prisoner and allegations of torture in custody, September 20, 202, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/09/maldives-investigate-death-in-custody-and-allegations-oftorture-on-individuals-in-custody/. 18 Human Rights Counsel, Visit to Maldives: Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Nils Melzer (28 December 2020), U.N. Doc. A/HRC/46/26/Add. 1, ⁋ 54. 47. Additionally, the Special Rapporteur received credible allegations of police brutality during interrogations aimed at coercing confessions from the accused.19 Such allegations detailed that it is a common practice to beat detainees while they are cross-cuffed and shackled.208. According to the sixth anti-torture report of the Human Rights Commission and the Prison Audit Commissi [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Maldives-CAT-LOIPR-TAHR-WCADP-MDN.pdf ) [407] => Array ( [objectID] => 19837 [title] => Ethiopia – Committee Against Torture (LOI) – Death Penalty – June 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ethiopia-committee-against-torture-loi-death-penalty-june-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses Ethiopia's compliance with its human rights obligations with regard to the death penalty. Although there are currently at least 147 people on death row in Ethiopia, the country has not carried out any executions during the reporting period and has also pardoned and released 41 additional death row inmates since that time.[1] The Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia has also issued sentencing guidelines that purport to further reduce the likelihood of persons being sentenced to death as a punishment for their crimes.[2] Nonetheless, Ethiopia has not taken concrete steps to reduce the number of crimes eligible for the death penalty, and the use of torture and other due process violations related to judicial proceedings render all death sentences arbitrary. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgEthiopia’s Compliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman orDegrading Treatment or PunishmentSuggested List of Issues Relating to the Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996andThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty75th Session of the Committee Against Torture31 Oct 2022–25 Nov 2022Submitted 13 June 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based non-governmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a volunteer-based non-government organization committed to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Established in 2002, its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses Ethiopia’s compliance with its human rights obligations with regard to the death penalty. Although there are currently at least 147 people on death row in Ethiopia, the country has not carried out any executions during the reporting period and has also pardoned and released 41 additional death row inmates since that time.1 The Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia has also issued sentencing guidelines that purport to further reduce the likelihood of persons being sentenced to death as a punishment for their crimes.2 Nonetheless, Ethiopia has not taken concrete steps to reduce the number of crimes eligible for the death penalty, and the use of torture and other due process violations related to judicial proceedings render all death sentences arbitrary. Ethiopia fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentI. Authorities subject suspects and potential witnesses to torture in order to obtain evidence, and such evidence is used to obtain convictions and sentence people to death (Concluding Observations paragraph 10 and 11).2. In its Concluding Observations, the Committee noted concern about the widespread use of torture, including by prison officers and police,3 and about impunity for acts of torture and illtreatment.43. Amnesty International has reported that, while the principal aim of torture during interrogation was to extract “confessions” from alleged suspects, torture was also used to force people totestify falsely against others. Noted locations of torture included the Federal Police Central Investigation and Forensic Directorate in Addis Ababa, more commonly known as Maekelawi, military bases and jails in different cities of Oromia (Shashemane, Borana, Neqemte, Dembi Dolo), the Amhara region (Gondor, Bahir Dar, Shewa Robit), the Tigray region (Humera, Mekele), and the Somali Region (Jigjiga).54. Amnesty International further noted that allegations of torture and other ill-treatment by defendants are rarely investigated and that judges have mostly rejected any arguments that forced confessions should not be presented as evidence by the prosecution, instead accepting evidence regardless of how it was obtained.65. In 2017, the Ethiopian Federal High Court ordered an investigation into allegations of torture and other ill-treatment in trials related to a fire that took place in the Qilinto Federal Remand Center in Addis Ababa by the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission. Prisoners reported having undergone torture in the Shewa Robit Federal Prison (also in Addis Ababa) after being 1 Committee against Torture, Second periodic report submitted by Ethiopia under article 19 of the Convention, due in 2014, (26 May 2020), ¶112. 2 Ibid. 3 Committee Against Torture, Concluding observations: Ethiopia (20 Jan. 2011), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/ETH/CO/1, ¶10.4 Committee Against Torture, Concluding observations: Ethiopia (20 Jan. 2011), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/ETH/CO/1, ¶11.5 Amnesty International, Submission for the Universal Periodic Review of Ethiopia 33rd Session of the UPR Working Group, 6-17 May 2019, 4. 6 Ibid.3transferred from the Qilinto Federal Remand Centre following the fire. Although the EHRC investigated these allegations, their report neither confirmed nor denied the allegations of torture, and there have been no formal remedies for any victims.7II. People at risk of being sentenced to death often lack adequate representation by qualified legal counsel (Concluding Observations paragraph 12).6. According to the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, the Constitution recognizes that indigent defendants have a right to legal representation provided by the State. But even though there is a federal public defender’s office, “state and local courts often lack public defender offices. When legal aid is provided through a public defender’s office, it is often rendered by non-lawyers or inexperienced lawyers.”8 Moreover, attorneys are often unprepared for trial in part because defendants reportedly are not informed of the specific charges against them until trial.9 Authorities commonly restrict or prohibit contact between defendants and their attorneys before trial, and some people charged under the Anti-Terrorism Law are held incommunicado.10III.Ethiopian courts continue to sentence people to death and Ethiopian law does not limit the death penalty to the “most serious” crimes (Concluding Observations Paragraph 24).7. In the 2011 Concluding Observations, the Committee expressed concern about a recent increase in the number of death sentences pronounced and recommended that Ethiopia consider ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, extend its de facto moratorium on executions, commute death sentences for people on death row, and ensure protection under the Convention for all persons on death row.118. The Committee also expressed concern about the “Ginbot 7” case in which the Federal High Court sentenced five opposition leaders to death in absentia and sentenced another opposition leader to death after allegedly having subjected him to torture.129. The Committee requested that the Government of Ethiopia “indicate the current number of persons on death row, disaggregated by sex, age, ethnicity and offence.”1310. In response to the Committee’s concerns and questions, the Second Periodic Report provides a brief and incomplete response:7 Ibid. 8 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Ethiopia, available at https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=25, last visited June 3, 2022. 9 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Ethiopia, available at https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=25, last visited June 3, 2022. 10 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Ethiopia, available at https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=25, last visited June 3, 2022. 11 Committee Against Torture, Concluding observations: Ethiopia (20 Jan. 2011), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/ETH/CO/1, ¶ 24.12 Committee Against Torture, Concluding observations: Ethiopia (20 Jan. 2011), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/ETH/CO/1, ¶ 24.13 Committee Against Torture, Concluding observations: Ethiopia (20 Jan. 2011), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/ETH/CO/1, ¶ 24.4Concerning the Committees’ recommendation pertaining to imposition of death penalty (CAT/C/ETH/CO/1 paragraph 24), further to what the Committee noted in the [Concluding Observations] the Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia during this reporting period has issued sentencing guideline, which even further narrowed the likelihood of imposition of the death penalty. Thus, although as of April 2019, there have been 147 death row inmates (143 male and 4 female) no one has been executed since the last report. Furthermore, 41 death row inmates have been pardoned and released from prison during the reporting period.1411. Ethiopia had no known death sentences issued in 2019 or 202015 and is not reported to have carried out any executions since 2007.16 Ethiopian courts sentenced at least two people to death in 2021. According to Amnesty International, in April 2021, a court in Oromia sentenced a man to death for murder.17 Amnesty International further reports that on August 6, 2021, “the Western Command First Instance Military Court convicted an undisclosed number of members of the Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF) of treason for conspiring with the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) to launch an attack on the military in the context of the armed conflict in Tigray. Those convicted were sentenced to death or to life imprisonment.”1812. The Constitution of Ethiopia provides a framework for the protection of human rights.19 Article 14 guarantees every person the inviolable and inalienable right to life and the security of person; Article 15 guarantees that every person has the right to life and no person may b [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ethiopia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ethiopia-CAT-LOI-TAHR-WCADP.pdf ) [408] => Array ( [objectID] => 19829 [title] => Palestine – Committee Against Torture – Death Penalty – June 2022 [timestamp] => 1658361600 [date] => 21/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/palestine-committee-against-torture-death-penalty-june-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The State of Palestine on 1 April 2014 ratified the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. On 28 December 2017, the State of Palestine signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. On 18 March 2019, the State of Palestine also ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which aims to abolish the death penalty. The State of Palestine has not yet abolished the death penalty. Indeed-as described herein-the 14 June 2007 split in power between the Palestinian Authority in Ramallah in the West Bank under President Abbas, and the Hamas movement in Gaza, has been followed by many documented executions in Gaza without the requisite signature of President Abbas, and Gazan military courts conduct trials of civilians, where they can be sentenced to death. This report considers the prevalence of torture and other issues ancillary to the death penalty itself: confessions under torture or degrading treatment, due process, access to legal counsel, death-row conditions, and methods of execution. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org THE STATE OF PALESTINECompliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumanor Degrading Treatment or Punishment Treaty:The Death PenaltySubmitted by:The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyThe Palestinian Centre for Human RightsandHuman Rights and Democracy Media Centers “SHAMS”for the 74th Session of the Committee against Torture12-29 July 2022Submitted 13 June 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a volunteer-based non-government organization committed to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Established in 2002, its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights is an independent legal body dedicated to the protection of human rights, the promotion of the rule of law, and the upholding of democraticprinciples in the Occupied Territories. The work of the Centre is conducted through documentation and investigation of human rights violations, provision of legal aid and counseling for both 2individuals and groups, and preparation of research articles relevant to such issues as the human rights situation and the rule of law.Human Rights and Democracy Media Centers “SHAMS” is a Palestinian NGO, founded in 2003 that operates in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. “SHAMS” holds consultative membershipwith the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC); is a member of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty; and is a member of many local, regional, and international coalitions. “SHAMS” is active in opposing the death penalty, in addition to its ongoing work on promoting and defending human rights and democracy within the Palestinian community; promoting good governance and human rights within the Palestinian security sector; enhancing women’s access to justice; advocating for children’s rights and community safety; defending the right to peaceful assembly; and providing legal aid to women and children.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. The State of Palestine on 1 April 2014 ratified the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.1 On 28 December 2017, the State of Palestine signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.2 On 18 March 2019, the State of Palestine also ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which aims to abolish the death penalty.3 The State of Palestine has not yet abolished the death penalty. Indeed—as described herein—the 14 June 2007 split in power between the Palestinian Authority in Ramallah in the West Bank under President Abbas, and the Hamas movement in Gaza, has been followed by many documented executions in Gaza without the requisite signature of President Abbas, and Gazan military courts conduct trials of civilians, where they can be sentenced to death.2. This report considers the prevalence of torture and other issues ancillary to the death penalty itself: confessions under torture or degrading treatment, due process, access to legal counsel,death-row conditions, and methods of execution.The State of Palestine fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment3. The State of Palestine’s Initial State Party Report describes multifarious efforts, by many agencies, to investigate and prevent torture and overall mistreatment,4 including in the Gaza strip.5 Nonetheless, the State continues to engage in practices that can be considered torture and mistreatment, both in the West Bank and in Gaza. The Initial State Party Report itself acknowledges such occurrences.6I. Death penalty4. Death sentences continue in both the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, although executions have notably slowed. “No death sentence was executed in the Gaza Strip in 2021, becoming the fourth year in a row during which no verdict has been executed in Palestine as the latest was in 2017 in the Gaza Strip. Meanwhile, no death sentence has been executed since 2005 in the West Bank. In 2021, there was a significant increase in the number of death sentences issued 1 Committee against Torture, Initial report submitted by the State of Palestine under article 19 of the Convention, due in 2015, (Aug. 26, 2019), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/PSE/1, (hereinafter “Initial State Party Report”) ¶ 1. 2 Initial State Party Report ¶ 4; The Human Rights and Democracy Media Centre/SHAMS, Information about the Death Penalty in the Palestinian Territories (2022), 3 (hereinafter “SHAMS Information Document”), source on file with the author. 3 United Nations, “Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty,” accessed June 8, 2022, https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV12&chapter=4&clang=_en#:~:text=Under%20Article%202%2C%20paragraph%201%20of%20the%20Second%20Optional%20Protocol,time%20of%20ratification%20or%20accession. 4 Initial State Party Report ¶¶ 13-16, 18, 31, 39, 77, 85, 96, 121, 126, 144, 149, 168, 183, 200. 5 Ibid. ¶¶ 141-42 6 Ibid. ¶ 43.4by the military and civilian courts of first instance while [the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights] reported 2 cases of serious breaches in use of death penalty in the Gaza Strip.”75. The State of Palestine has officially enshrined the death penalty in four different laws: (1) the Revolutionary Penal Code (1979) (death penalty for 45 crimes, most of which are vague political crimes that enable wide interpretation and increase the number of crimes enforceable under the given law, issued by the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) before the emergence of the Palestinian Authority); (2) the British Mandate Penalty Code of 1936 (applied in the Gaza Strip) (death penalty for 15 crimes, some of which are political crimes identified to prevent Palestinians from resisting the British Occupation); (3) the Jordanian Penal Code of 1960 (applied in the West Bank) (old version of the Jordanian Penalty Code where it came into force in the West Bank during the Jordanian political Mandate of the West Bank; death penalty for 16 crimes, some of which are political such as a plot to overthrow the political regime); and (4) the amended Jordanian law of explosives (1963).8 These laws are arguably relics of a past era or enacted by a political organization without the mandate to promulgate them.96. In 2005, the President of the State of Palestine committed to no longer ratifying any new death sentences. Since the 2007 split, however, Hamas has not refrained from death-penalty executions.107. In Gaza, there are reports of military tribunals sentencing civilians to death, albeit without presidential ratification.11 Civil society organizations have repeatedly called for an end to the use of military tribunals to try civilians and sentence them to death.12 At the time of this report, 11 people have been sentenced to death in Gaza 2022, with the most recent death sentence issued by a military court against a civilian on 6 June 2022.13II. Due process8. Civil society organizations have noted that the application of the death penalty in the State of Palestine often violates the accused’s due process rights, in part because of how quickly the death penalty is carried out. People sentenced to death are often unable to exercise their due 7 Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, Annual Report 2021: Human Rights in the occupied Palestinian Territory (oPt) (Gaza City: 2022) (hereinafter “PCHR Annual Report 2021”), 27,103-08. Also available online at https://pchrgaza.org/en/annual-report-2021/. 8 SHAMS Information Document, 1-2. 9 Ibid., 2. 10 Ibid., 101-08 11 Ibid., 119-21. 12 Press Release, The Human Rights and Democracy Media Centre/SHAMS, About the Issuance of a Death Sentence by the Gaza Court of First Instance to a Citizen by Hanging “There is no justice in Capital Punishment” (Sep. 12, 2021); Press Release, The Human Rights and Democracy Media Centre/SHAMS, Issuing a death sentence after only one week of starting trials confirms the absence of fair-trial guarantees, and the transformation of Gaza’s Judiciary system into vengeance tool controlled by the public opinion and its vengeful desires (Dec. 2, 2021); Press Release, The Human Rights and Democracy Media Centre/SHAMS, The Judicial Sector in Gaza Welcomes Ramadan Month with a Death Sentence against a Citizen (Apr. 4, 2022); Press Release, The Human Rights and Democracy Media Cen [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Palestine-CAT-TAHR-WCADP-PCHR-SHAMS.pdf ) [409] => Array ( [objectID] => 19828 [title] => The DPIC Death Penalty Census [timestamp] => 1658275200 [date] => 20/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-dpic-death-penalty-census/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On June 29, 1972, the United States Supreme Court decided Furman v. Georgia, striking down all existing death penalty laws in the United States and ushering in the modern era of the U.S. death penalty. In the decades that followed—as jurisdictions revised their death-sentencing procedures in response to the Supreme Court’s rulings on capital punishment—thousands of people were sentenced to death.The Death Penalty Census is DPIC’s effort to identify and document every death sentence imposed in the U.S. since Furman. The census captures more than 9,700 death sentences imposed between the Supreme Court’s issuance of the Furman ruling and January 1, 2021. These sentences were imposed in 1,280 counties across 40 states, as well as by the federal government and the U.S. Military. [texte] => MenuSearchDeath Penalty Information Center Home Policy Issues Facts & Research Executions Death Row State & Federal Info About For the Media Resources For Educators Fact Sheet DonateFacts & ResearchThe DPIC Death Penalty CensusThe Death Penalty Census is DPIC’s effort to identify and document every death sentence imposed in the United States since the United States Supreme Court decided Furman v. Georgia in 1972. The Census currently lists more than 9,700 sentences imposed between 1972 and January 1, 2021.Death Penalty CensusDeath Penalty CensusDatabase of more than 9,700 death sentences imposed from June 29, 1972- January 1, 2021CodebookCodebookA comprehensive guide to the Death Penalty CensusOn June 29, 1972, the United States Supreme Court decided Furman v. Georgia, striking down all existing death penalty laws in the United States and ushering in the modern era of the U.S. death penalty. In the decades that followed—as jurisdictions revised their death-sentencing procedures in response to the Supreme Court’s rulings on capital punishment—thousands of people were sentenced to death.The Death Penalty Census is DPIC’s effort to identify and document every death sentence imposed in the U.S. since Furman. The census captures more than 9,700 death sentences imposed between the Supreme Court’s issuance of the Furman ruling and January 1, 2021. These sentences were imposed in 1,280 counties across 40 states, as well as by the federal government and the U.S. Military.The census tracks every death sentence imposed, listing the name, race, and gender of the person sentenced to death; the jurisdiction (state/federal/military and county/federal district/military branch) in which the charges were brought; the year the sentence was imposed; a multi-sentence code to identify whether the defendant’s death sentence was reversed and reimposed on retrial or resentencing and whether the defendant was also sentenced to death in a separate case; the outcome of the sentence; and the ultimate outcome of the case.The data reveal that the single most likely outcome of a death sentence imposed in the United States is that the sentence or conviction is ultimately overturned and not re-imposed. Nearly half of the sentences (49.9%) were reversed as a result of court decisions. By comparison, fewer than one in six (15.7%) death sentences ended in execution.Note: In the graphic above, “On Death Row” refers to active death sentences, plus grants of relief that are still subject to appeal and are therefore not final. Sentences with a final grant of relief, in which the prisoner is awaiting resentencing or retrial, are included in “Reversal” on the Sentences tab, but in “Reversal Not Final” on the Cases tab, because the sentence has been overturned, but the defendant could still be resentenced to death on retrial. The case status number totals on the database view will be different than those displayed in the Tableau visualization above because the numbers are answering slightly different questions. On the Cases tab, the visualization answers “how many cases have a particular outcome?”. The database answers “how many sentences have a particular case outcome?”. The number of exonerations differs from DPIC’s Exoneration List because the Exoneration List includes people sentenced to death before 1972 (if they were exonerated after 1973) and people exonerated after January 1, 2021.The totals in the above graphic will be greater than the total number of sentences or cases in the database, because some cases are counted in two categories. For example, exonerations are counted in both “Exoneration” and “Reversal.”In compiling the Death Penalty Census, DPIC started with our existing death-row, execution, exoneration, and commutation databases and our annual tracking of new death sentences imposed in the U.S. We built on that database by obtaining national, state, and county databases from researchers, departments of corrections, legal defense organizations and prosecutors, and advocacy groups. We also conducted our own independent review of media archives and available court records. Where databases employed different definitions or had inconsistent or contradictory data, we reconciled the differences and then engaged in a multi-step process to verify the data.To DPIC’s knowledge, the Death Penalty Census is the most comprehensive compilation of information on individual death sentences ever assembled. No other database exists that tracks every death sentence in the U.S. since 1972. A project years in the making, the Death Penalty Census is intended to provide clarity on an important, but often poorly or disparately documented, facet of the American legal system. It is our hope that the census database will foster additional research on the subject and enable the public, the media, academics, advocates, government officials, and others working in the death penalty field to engage in educated discourse and make informed decisions.In This Section Death Penalty Census Database Key Findings How to Use the Death Penalty CensusJoin our mailing listDeath Penalty Information Center Email Facebook Twitter Policy IssuesFacts & ResearchExecutionsDeath RowState & Federal InfoAboutFor the MediaResourcesFor EducatorsFact SheetDonateDeath Penalty Information Center 1701 K Street NW Suite 205 Washington, DC 20006Phone: 202-289-2275 Email: dpic@deathpenaltyinfo.orgPrivacy Policy | ©2022 Death Penalty Information CenterShare this selection Tweet Facebook [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/death-penalty-census ) [410] => Array ( [objectID] => 19827 [title] => DPIC Special Report: The Innocence Epidemic [timestamp] => 1658275200 [date] => 20/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dpic-special-report-the-innocence-epidemic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A Death Penalty Information Center Analysis of 185 Death-Row Exonerations Shows Most Wrongful Convictions Are Not Merely Accidental. [texte] => DPIC Special Report: The Innocence EpidemicA Death Penalty Information Center Analysis of 185 Death-Row Exonerations Shows Most Wrongful Convictions Are Not Merely AccidentalThe Biggest Dangers are Police and Prosecutorial Misconduct and Knowingly False Testimony30211111 222334 14510 1010166 7 7111211111 1992 16716BlackWhiteLatinxOther RaceNative American0510151980 1990 2000 2010 2020Death-Row Exonerations185 ExonerationsExonerations by RaceExonerations by YearDPIC Special Report: The Innocence EpidemicDeath Penalty Information Center 2IntroductionIn 1993, the House Judiciary Committee’s Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights conducted hearings on what was then a relatively unknown question: How significant was the risk that innocent people were being wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death in the United States. After taking testimony from four exonerees who had been wrongfully condemned to death row, Representative Don Edwards, the subcommittee chairman, asked the Death Penalty Information Center to research the issue and compile information on how frequently these miscarriages of justice were occurring and what were the reasons why.DPIC began looking more closely into death-row exonerations in the U.S. in the twenty years since the Supreme Court ruled in Furman v. Georgia in 1972 that the death penalty as then administered was unconstitutionally arbitrary and capricious. That research—undertaken before the availability of the internet—uncovered 48 cases in which a wrongfully convicted person had been released from death row because of innocence. The results of DPIC’s research were released in a Staff Report by the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights Committee on the Judiciary, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, Innocence and the Death Penalty: Assessing the Danger of Mistaken Execution, issued on October 21, 1993, and became DPIC’s first Innocence List.The original list of 48 cases included 43 in which the defendant had subsequently been acquitted or pardoned or all charges had been dropped. Three cases involved compromise resolutions in which innocent defendants were immediately released upon pleading guilty or no contest to a lesser offense. One of the other two defendants was released from prison after the parole board became convinced of his innocence, and the other was acquitted at a retrial of the capital charge but convicted of lesser related charges.DPIC made the decision at that time to maintain as comprehensive an innocence list as possible going forward. However, because of the inherent subjectivity of declaring a person innocent when some facts may remain in dispute, DPIC has adopted the objective criterion of “legal exoneration” for an individual to be included. What that means is that individuals who had been wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death were:■ Subsequently acquitted of all charges related to the crime that placed them on death row, either at retrial or by an appellate court determination that the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to convict;■ Had all charges related to the crime that placed them on death row dismissed by the prosecution or had reprosecution barred by the court in circumstances implicating the reliability of the evidence of guilt; or■ Been granted a complete pardon based on evidence of innocence.This decision means that dozens of innocent individuals who had been coerced into entering pleas as a condition to obtaining their freedom after conviction for crimes they did not commit are not included in the list. It also means that individuals who are innocent of murder but still have a record of conviction for some offense related to the crime in which a person was killed are also not included on the list. As a result, the Innocence List is a conservative estimate that likely substantially understates the number of innocent people who have been wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death, and in some unknown and untrackable number of cases been wrongfully executed.Since the House subcommittee’s release of DPIC’s initial Innocence List, the Death Penalty Information Center has been tracking new exonerations to add to the list and has occasionally removed cases from the DPIC Special Report: The Innocence EpidemicDeath Penalty Information Center 3list when new discoveries indicated that the individual had not been fully exonerated. During that time, the list has more than quadrupled from 43 to 174 deathrow exonerations. However, DPIC had not had the opportunity to take a new look at old cases to see if there were exonerations we had not detected in our initial research.In 2017, DPIC embarked on a multi-year project to ascertain the status of every death sentence imposed in the United States since the Furman decision. As part of this death-row census project, we have obtained and reviewed information from state departments of corrections, researchers, prosecuting and defense offices, court files and dockets, and news archives for more than 9,600 state, federal, and military death sentences imposed in the United States since July 1972. The project—the most ambitious to date in tracking modern U.S. death sentences—uncovered nearly two dozen older cases that at first glance appeared to qualify as death-row exonerations. Further research narrowed that number to the eleven cases we have now added to the Innocence List, expanding the list to 185 exonerations.With these eleven prior exonerations added to the list, DPIC has undertaken an analysis of many of the geographic and demographic features of these cases and an examination of the factors contributing to wrongful capital convictions. The results are disturbing—not merely because of the frequency with which U.S. states wrongfully condemn the innocent to die but because of the reasons why.It is widely acknowledged that any system that is run by human beings inevitably makes mistakes and that, despite our best efforts, innocent people will be sentenced to death. But our analysis of death-row exonerations shows that innocent people are sentenced to death in most states and in every region of the country that authorizes capital punishment. They can be sentenced to death anywhere, but are most often wrongfully condemned in states and counties with a history of aggressive pursuit of the death penalty or that authorize outlier practices that make it easier to impose capital sanctions.Moreover, the data show that most wrongful capital convictions and death sentences are not merely accidental or the result of unintentional errors. Instead, they are overwhelmingly the product of police or prosecutorial misconduct or the presentation of knowingly false testimony. More likely than not, they involve a combination of the two.The data show that for every 8.3 executions carried out in the United States, a wrongfully condemned death-row prisoner is exonerated. That is an appallingly and unacceptably high rate of error. And as the United States approaches the 50th anniversary of the Furman decision, it raises the fundamental question of whether we can trust our state and federal governments to fairly, honestly, and reliably carry out capital punishment.DPIC Special Report: The Innocence EpidemicDeath Penalty Information Center 4Summary of Key FindingsSince states began reenacting capital punishment statutes in the wake of the Supreme Court’s 1972 decision in Furman v. Georgia striking down existing death penalty laws, at least 185 people who were wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death have been exonerated. These wrongful capital convictions have happened in 29 different states and in 118 different counties, showing that, in whatever part of the country they are tried, capital defendants face an inherent risk of wrongful conviction.Florida has had the most death-row exonerations of any state, with 30 since 1973, followed by Illinois with 21, and Texas with 16. Cook County, Illinois leads all counties with the most death-row exonerations (15) since 1973, followed by Cuyahoga County, Ohio; and Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, with six exonerations each. Maricopa County, Arizona; and Oklahoma County, Oklahoma had five each.Those five counties, each with a history of police and prosecutorial misconduct and of being outliers in their excessive pursuit of the death penalty, account by themselves for a fifth (20%) of the nation’s death-row exonerations. And more than 95 percent of wrongful capital convictions and death sentences from those counties involved some combination of police or prosecutorial misconduct and witness perjury or false accusation.Twenty-six counties have more than one death-row exoneration, collectively accounting for 50.3% of all of the wrongful capital convictions that have resulted in exonerations.Other key findings of DPIC’s research include:■ Of the 185 exonerations that have occurred since 1973, 69.2 percent (128) have included official misconduct by police, prosecutors, or other government officials. Official misconduct was much more likely in cases involving defendants of color, cases in which exonerations took two decades or more, and cases in which DNA evidence was a significant factor in proving innocence.❒ Misconduct was a factor in more than three-quarters of cases in which Black defendants were exonerated (78.8%), more than two-thirds of cases involving Latinx defendants (68.8%), and 58.2 percent of cases with white defendants.❒ Misconduct occurred in 55.6 percent (55 cases) of the 99 cases in which exoneration took a decade or less, rising to 81.1 percent (43 of 53 cases) in exonerations taking 11-20 years, 88.0 percent (22 of 25) in the cases in which exoneration took 21-30 years, and in all 8 of the exonerations that took more than three decades.❒ Misconduct was present in 85.7 percent of the cases in which DNA evidence contributed to proving a death-row exoneree’s innocence, suggesting that the denial of DNA testing or absence of DNA evidence h [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-special-reports/dpic-special-report-the-innocence-epidemic ) [411] => Array ( [objectID] => 19826 [title] => Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent, The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law Enforcement [timestamp] => 1658275200 [date] => 20/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/government-misconduct-and-convicting-the-innocent-the-role-of-prosecutors-police-and-other-law-enforcement/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is a report about the role of official misconduct in the conviction of innocent people. We discuss cases that are listed in the National Registry of Exonerations, an ongoing online archive that includes all known exonerations in the United States since 1989, 2,663 as of this writing.This Report describes official misconduct in the first 2,400 exonerations in the Registry, those posted by February 27, 2019 [texte] => Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage i • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020Government Misconduct and Convicting the InnocentSamuel R. Gross, Senior Editor, srgross@umich.eduMaurice J. Possley, Senior ResearcherKaitlin Jackson Roll, Research Scholar (2014-2016)Klara Huber Stephens, Denise Foderaro Research Scholar (2016-2020)NATIONAL REGISTRY OF EXONERATIONS SEPTEMBER 1, 2020The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementNational Registry of ExonerationsNewkirk Center for Science & Society • University of California Irvine • Irvine, California 92697University of Michigan Law School • Michigan State University College of LawGovernment Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage ii • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020For Denise Foderaro and Frank QuattroneGovernment Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage iii • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020PrefaceThis is a report about the role of official misconduct in the conviction of innocent people. We discuss cases that are listed in the National Registry of Exonerations, an ongoing online archive that includes all known exonerations in the United States since 1989, 2,663 as of this writing.This Report describes official misconduct in the first 2,400 exonerations in the Registry, those posted by February 27, 2019.In general, we classify a case as an “exoneration” if a person who was convicted of a crime is officially and completely cleared based on new evidence of innocence. A more detailed definition appears here. The Report is limited to misconduct by government officials that contributed to the false convictions of defendants who were later exonerated—misconduct that distorts the evidence used to determine guilt or innocence. Concretely, that means misconduct that produces unreliable, misleading or false evidence of guilt, or that conceals, distorts or undercuts true evidence of innocence. Three years ago, the Registry released a report on Race and Wrongful Convictions in the United States. We found, among other patterns, that Black people who were convicted of murder were about 50% more likely to be innocent than other convicted murderers, and that innocent Black people were about 12 times more likely to be convicted of drug crimes than innocent white people. Some of those disparities are caused by the type of misconduct we study here and some are not.Misconduct in obtaining and presenting evidence contributes substantially to the racial disparity in murder exonerations, as we will see. On the other hand, the huge disparity in drug exonerations primarily reflects a type of misconduct we don’t cover in this Report—racial discrimination in choosing which people to stop or search for drugs, what is commonly called “racial profiling.”The Report describes many varieties of misconduct in investigations and prosecutions. Some are always deliberate, some are rarely or never deliberate, and some may or may not be deliberate. The Report organizes the myriad of types of misconduct into five general categories, roughly in the chronological order of a criminal case, from initial investigation to conviction: Witness Tampering; Misconduct in Interrogations of Suspects; Fabricating Evidence; Concealing Exculpatory Evidence; Misconduct at Trial. Most of the misconduct we discuss was committed by police officers and by prosecutors. We also report misconduct by forensic analysts in a minority of cases, mostly rapes and sexual assaults, and by child welfare workers in about a quarter of child sex abuse cases.Some major patterns we observed:• Official misconduct contributed to the false convictions of 54% of defendants who were later exonerated. In general, the rate of misconduct is higher in more severe crimes.Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage iv • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020• Concealing exculpatory evidence—the most common type of misconduct—occurred in 44% of exonerations.• Black exonerees were slightly more likely than whites to have been victims of misconduct (57% to 52%), but this gap is much larger among exonerations for murder (78% to 64%)—especially those with death sentences (87% to 68%)—and for drug crimes (47% to 22%). • Police officers committed misconduct in 35% of cases. They were responsible for most of the witness tampering, misconduct in interrogation, and fabricating evidence—and a great deal of concealing exculpatory evidence and perjury at trial.• Prosecutors committed misconduct in 30% of the cases. Prosecutors were responsible for most of the concealing of exculpatory evidence and misconduct at trial, and a substantial amount of witness tampering.• In state court cases, prosecutors and police committed misconduct at about the same rates, but in federal exonerations, prosecutors committed misconduct more than twice as often as police. In federal exonerations for white-collar crimes, prosecutors committed misconduct seven times as often as police.We also examined disciplinary actions against officials who committed misconduct. These were uncommon for all types of officials, and especially so for prosecutors.We tried to determine whether official misconduct that contributes to false convictions has become more or less frequent over the past 15 to 20 years. For most types of misconduct, we won’t know for years to come, but we already see strong evidence that a few kinds of misconduct have become less common: violence and other misconduct in interrogations; abusive questioning of children in child sex abuse cases; and fraud in presenting forensic evidence. On the other hand, the number of federal white-collar exonerations with misconduct by prosecutors has been increasing.In the last section we consider what led officials to commit misconduct. We conclude that the main causes are pervasive practices that permit or reward bad behavior, lack of resources to conduct high quality investigations and prosecutions, and ineffective leadership by those in command. We discuss a range of possible remedies, from specific rules to changes in culture, in cities, counties, states and the nation as a whole.We present many other findings in the Report itself. The core of our data on official misconduct are available online, sortable and filterable, for others to explore; go to the “OM Tags” column here.Samuel R. GrossMaurice J. PossleyKaitlin Jackson RollKlara Huber StephensSeptember 1, 2020Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage v • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020Use Note:1. Common termsIt may be useful to explain some terms that we use in this Report:Exoneration means an exoneration listed in the Registry. Every exoneration, identified by the name of the exoneree, has a page in the Registry, and is listed on our Summary View and Detailed View pages. Known exonerations: We know that our list of exonerations is incomplete: we regularly discover cases we missed. Sometimes we specify that these are “known exonerations,” more often we don’t, but it’s true regardless.Misconduct in an exoneration: Strictly speaking, the practice we write about is official misconduct that contributed to a criminal conviction that was ultimately reversed by exoneration. That’s a mouthful. For convenience, we often refer to it as “misconduct in the exoneration” even though the misconduct was part of the process of obtaining a conviction.Police: Police agencies in the United States range from one-person police departments to the FBI. The titles of sworn peace officers include Patrolman, Officer, Deputy Sheriff, Trooper, Agent—and many more. We refer to all of them as “police.”2. Links and Navigation(i) The report contains numerous links to pages on the website of the National Registry of Exonerations. Most are links to the stories of individual exonerees; some are links to collections of cases. In both situations, almost all links go to the current versions of the pages, not those in effect in late February 2019, when we completed the set of 2,400 exonerations that are the subject of this report. For example:• This link goes to Ricky Jackson’s page, which was last updated in May 2020. That page contains information we did not know when we completed the compilation of the dataset fifteen months earlier—and (like other summaries and data on the Registry) it may be further modified in the future.• This link goes to a list of all exonerations with misconduct in Cook County at the time you click on it—230 as of this writing, more in months and years to come—not the 204 exonerations with official misconduct in Cook County among the 2,400 exonerations included in this Report.(For technical reasons, a few links go to copies of Registry pages rather than live pages.)(ii) The Executive Summary and the Table of Contents contain links that may help navigate this document. The Summary contains a list of page numbers in the form of links—like this, 9—that take you to the indicated page in the text. In the Table of Contents you can click on any part of an entry to go to the page on which that section begins.Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage vi • National Registry of Exonerations • September 1, 2020(iii) Each page of the text (except the first pages of major sections) includes two highlighted buttons:Go to Executive Summary and Go to Table of Contents.If you click on them, they will take you to the beginning of the Executive Summary and of the Table of Contents, respectively.Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law EnforcementPage vii • National [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://core.ac.uk/reader/346442144 ) [412] => Array ( [objectID] => 19825 [title] => The Myth of Autonomy Rights [timestamp] => 1658275200 [date] => 20/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-myth-of-autonomy-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Supreme Court rhetoric, scholarly discussion, blackletter law, and ethical rules have perpetuated a myth that individual rights protect the autonomy of defendants within the criminal legal system. To expose this myth, I examine six rights that the Court has enshrined as essential decision points for criminal defendants due to the rights’ purported expressive and consequential functions: (1) the right to self-representation; (2) the right to plead guilty; (3) the right to waive a jury; (4) the right to testify; (5) the right to waive appeals; and (6) the right to maintain innocence at a capital trial. I conclude that each of these rights fails to protect defendant autonomy.I then argue that genuine displays of autonomy under the criminal legal system take the form of resistance to the law, legal advocates, and the legal system. Thus, the autonomy of criminal defendants occurs not because of law but in spite of it. As such, scholarly discussions of the personal autonomy of criminal defendants should focus not on rights and rules but on acts of resistance. The current autonomy rights discourse is harmful because it obscures the system’s defects by framing discussions around individual rights instead of structural limitations. This lends itself to solutions involving procedural tinkering to better actualize individual rights instead of radical structural reform or abolition. By obscuring these structural defects and stressing the system’s protective qualities, the autonomy rights discourse presents the system not only as legitimate, but as functional, and potentially even successful. As such, a new scholarly frame is warranted: autonomy as resistance to law and the legal system. By illuminating the ways in which autonomy in the criminal legal system resembles autonomy under the American institution of slavery, the autonomy as resistance frame exposes the need for radical structural change and facilitates a reimagining of the criminal legal system. [texte] => 375THE MYTH OF AUTONOMY RIGHTS Kathryn E. Miller†Supreme Court rhetoric, scholarly discussion, blackletter law, and ethical rules have perpetuated a myth that individual rights protect the autonomy of defendants within the criminal legal system. To expose this myth, I examine six rights that the Court has enshrined as essential decision points for criminal defendants due to the rights’ purported expressive and consequential functions: (1) the right to selfrepresentation; (2) the right to plead guilty; (3) the right to waive a jury; (4) the right to testify; (5) the right to waive appeals; and (6) the right to maintain innocence at a capital trial. I conclude that each of these rights fails to protect defendant autonomy.I then argue that genuine displays of autonomy under the criminal legal system take the form of resistance to the law, legal advocates, and the legal system. Thus, the autonomy of criminal defendants occurs not because of law but in spite of it. As such, scholarly discussions of the personal autonomy of criminal defendants should focus not on rights and rules but on acts of resistance. The current autonomy rights discourse is harmful because it obscures the system’s defects by framing discussions around individual rights instead of structural limitations. This lends itself to solutions involving procedural tinkering to better actualize individual rights instead of radical structural reform or abolition. By obscuring these structural defects and stressing the system’s protective qualities, the autonomy rights discourse presents the system not only as legitimate, but as functional, and potentially even successful. As such, a new scholarly frame is warranted: autonomy as resistance to law and the legal system. By illuminating the ways in which autonomy in the † Clinical Assistant Professor of Law, Cardozo Law School. Thank you for the helpful conversations, support, and comments from: Ty Alper, Sarah Boonin, Chris Buccafusco, Jennifer Denbow, Robert Dinerstein, Melvin Patrick Ely, David A. Gilman, Betsy Ginsberg, Cynthia Godsoe, Eve Hanan, Max Hare, Michael Herz, Kyron Huigens, Lea Johnston, J.D. King, Alexandra Klein, Minna Kotkin, Kate Levine, Rachael Liebert, Sarah Lorr, Hugh McClean, Jamelia Morgan, Lindsay Nash, Ngozi Okidegbe, Renagh O’Leary, Michael Pollack, Alex Reinert, Anna Roberts, Jocelyn Simonson, Stewart Sterk, India Thusi, Anna VanCleave, Kate Weisburd,and the members of the Decarceration Law Professors’ Works-in-Progress Workshop. I am also grateful to my research assistants, Lily Katz and Marissa Cohen.376 CARDOZO LAW REVIEW [Vol. 43:2criminal legal system resembles autonomy under the American institution of slavery, the autonomy as resistance frame exposes the need for radical structural change and facilitates a reimagining of the criminal legal system.TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 376I. AUTONOMY RIGHTS DISCOURSE AND THE CRIMINAL LEGAL SYSTEM............. 384A. Autonomy Jurisprudence........................................................................ 384B. Autonomy Scholars................................................................................. 389C. “Client” Autonomy ................................................................................. 392II. THE LAW’S FAILURE TO PROTECT DEFENDANT AUTONOMY ........................... 394A. Systemic Constraints on Autonomy ...................................................... 3951. Selection ....................................................................................... 3972. Surveillance and Detention........................................................ 401B. Exercising the “Autonomy Rights” ........................................................ 4041. The Right to Self-Representation .............................................. 4052. The Right to Plead Guilty........................................................... 4083. The Right to Waive a Jury.......................................................... 4124. The Right to Testify .................................................................... 4155. The Right to Forgo an Appeal ................................................... 4176. The Right to Insist on Innocence at a Capital Trial ................ 422III. AUTONOMY AS RESISTANCE ............................................................................... 425A. A New Conceptual Framework.............................................................. 425B. Shifting the Autonomy Discourse .......................................................... 438CONCLUSION............................................................................................................... 441INTRODUCTIONModern legal scholars take for granted that criminal defendants have individual rights that protect their autonomy within the criminal legal system.1 This Article refutes that notion, arguing that structural 1 See, e.g., Erica J. Hashimoto, Resurrecting Autonomy: The Criminal Defendant’s Right to Control the Case, 90 B.U. L. REV. 1147 (2010) [hereinafter Hashimoto, Resurrecting]; Erica J. Hashimoto, Defending the Right of Self-Representation: An Empirical Look at the Pro Se Felony Defendant, 85 N.C. L. REV. 423, 427–28 (2007) [hereinafter Hashimoto, Defending]; Markus D. Dubber, Legitimating Penal Law, 28 CARDOZO L. REV. 2597 (2007); Stephen Ellmann, Lawyers 2021] MYTH OF AUTONOMY RIGHTS 377limitations in the current criminal legal system render the law unable to protect the autonomy of criminal defendants. The myth of these autonomy rights is harmful because it legitimizes a system that is beyond repair by suggesting not only that opportunities for autonomy exist but that the law is functioning to protect and safeguard these opportunities. In unpacking the myth, this Article illuminates both that these rights have failed and that the expressions of autonomy that occur in the criminal legal system take the form of resistance to that system.Respect for individual autonomy has long been an American ideal.2 The Enlightenment concept of autonomy, which emphasized personal liberty free from government intrusion, was a central value of the American Revolution and the Founding.3 The Framers sought to ensure protection of these liberties from the newly formed government through enactment of the Bill of Rights.4 Individual autonomy is thus a fundamental component of American law and legal institutions. Markus Dubber has observed that “[l]egitimacy discourse in the United States since the Revolution has revolved around autonomy.”5 This includes discourse about the criminal legal system.6 In cases like Faretta v. California7 and McCoy v. Louisiana,8 the Supreme Court hasrecognized the autonomy of criminal defendants to be a constitutionalvalue that surpasses the goal of reliability in criminal—and evencapital—convictions. The McCoy Court emphasized that “a defendant’schoice” in making his defense “must be honored out of that respect forthe individual which is the lifeblood of the law”9 and went as far as tohold that “[v]iolation of a defendant’s Sixth Amendment-securedautonomy” amounted to structural error.10 The Model Rules ofand Clients, 34 UCLA L. REV. 717, 720 (1987); GEORGE P. FLETCHER, RETHINKING CRIMINAL LAW (Oxford Univ. Press 2000) (1978); see also infra notes 12–13.2 See, e.g., Bruce J. Winick, On Autonomy: Legal and Psychological Perspectives, 37 VILL. L.REV. 1705, 1707–08 (1992); Jessica Wilen Berg, Understanding Waiver, 40 HOUS. L. REV. 281, 286–87, 287 n.21 (2003) (claiming that “[a]utonomy is the basic value underlying liberal society”and that “autonomy forms the basis for our system of laws and does so appropriately”).3 Winick, supra note 2, at 1708–12.4 Id. at 1710.5 Dubber, supra note 1, at 2603.6 Id. at 2600.7 Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 807 (1975) (holding that the Sixth Amendment gives criminal defendants a right to self-representation and finding that a state may not “constitutionally hale a person into its criminal courts and there force a lawyer upon him, even when he insists that he wants to conduct his own defense”); see also McKaskle v. Wiggins, 465 U.S. 168, 176–77 (1984) (“The right to appear pro se exists to affirm the dignity and autonomy of the accused . . . .”).8 McCoy v. Louisiana, 138 S. Ct. 1500, 1508 (2018).9 Id. at 1507–08 (quoting Faretta, 422 U.S. at 834).10 Id. at 1511.378 CARDOZO LAW REVIEW [Vol. 43:2Professional Conduct seek to protect the decision-making power of criminal defendants to determine the objectives of their representation.11 The legal scholarship on the autonomy of criminal defendants is vast: legal scholars have debated the role of specific criminal procedures in safeguarding or promoting autonomy for defendants,12 disagreed whether defense attorneys should seek to maximize their clients’ autonomy,13 and queried whether autonomy ought to be subordinated to other societal values.14 Prosecutors take the defendant autonomy narrative for granted, commonly beginning an 11 MODEL RULES OF PRO. CONDUCT r. 1.2 (AM. BAR ASS’N 2020).12 See, e.g., Alberto Bernabe, A Tale of Two Cases: The Supreme Court’s Uneasy Position on the Proper Allocation of Authority to Decide Whether to Concede a Client’s Guilt in a Criminal Case, 43 J. LEGAL PRO. 53, 67 (2018) (concluding that McCoy did not go far enough to protect defendant autonomy); Hashimoto, Resurrecting, supra note 1, at 1178 (explaining that, for some defendants, “the possibility of an acquittal, even if remote, may be more valuable than the difference between a life and a death sentence”); Robert E. Toone, The Absence of Agency in Indigent Defense, 52 AM. CRIM. L. REV. 25, 28–32 (2015) (arguing that indigent clients lack the autonomy of private clients because their lawyers lack financial incentives to obey); Fred C. Zacharias, Limits on Client Autonomy in Legal Ethics Regulation, 81 B.U. L. REV. 199, 200 (2001) (argui [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://cardozolawreview.com/the-myth-of-autonomy-rights/ ) [413] => Array ( [objectID] => 5563 [title] => Ratification Kit – Marshall Islands [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-marshall-islands/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Marshall Islands ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/MarshallIslands-EN-3.pdf ) [414] => Array ( [objectID] => 5567 [title] => Ratification Kit – Fiji [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-fiji/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Fiji ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Fiji-EN.pdf ) [415] => Array ( [objectID] => 5569 [title] => Ratification Kit – Burkina Faso [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-burkina-faso/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. 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This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Guinea-EN-3.pdf ) [417] => Array ( [objectID] => 5940 [title] => Ratification Kit – Congo [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-congo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Congo-EN.pdf ) [418] => Array ( [objectID] => 5972 [title] => Ratification Kit – Suriname [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-suriname/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Suriname ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Suriname-EN.pdf ) [419] => Array ( [objectID] => 6322 [title] => Ratification Kit – Samoa [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-samoa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Samoa ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Samoa-EN-3.pdf ) [420] => Array ( [objectID] => 6326 [title] => Ratification Kit – Côte d’Ivoire [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-cote-divoire/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/CoteIvoire-EN.pdf ) [421] => Array ( [objectID] => 6561 [title] => Ratification Kit – Burundi [timestamp] => 1657670400 [date] => 13/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-burundi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Burundi-EN.pdf ) [422] => Array ( [objectID] => 19591 [title] => Poster Urdu 2022 – سزائے موت کے خلاف بیسواں عالمی دن [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-urdu-2022-%d8%b3%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%db%92-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%aa-%da%a9%db%92-%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a7%da%ba-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%db%8c-%d8%af%d9%86/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 10.10.2022سزائے موت کے خلاف بیسواں عالمی دنwww.worldcoalition.orgسزائے موت: تشددزدہ شاہراہ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/URDU_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [423] => Array ( [objectID] => 19581 [title] => Poster Traditional Chinese – 第20屆世界反死刑日 [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-traditional-chinese-%e7%ac%ac20%e5%b1%86%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e5%8f%8d%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e6%97%a5/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 死刑——遍佈酷刑之路10.10.2022第20屆世界反死刑日 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/ZHtrad_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [424] => Array ( [objectID] => 19573 [title] => Poster Luganda 2022 – OLUNAKU LWENSI YONNA OLWABIRI NGA TUJJUKIRA KAWEFUBBE OWOKULWANYISA AKALABBA [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-poster-luganda-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => AKALABBA: KAJJUDDE OKUTULUGUNYIZIBWA10.10.2022OLUNAKU LWENSI YONNA OLWABIRI NGA TUJJUKIRA KAWEFUBBE OWOKULWANYISA AKALABBA [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/LUGANDA_WD2022_Poster_BD1.0.pdf ) [425] => Array ( [objectID] => 19564 [title] => Poster Japanese 2022 – 第20回世界死刑廃止デー [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-poster-japanese/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => 死刑への道は、拷問で満ちている10.10.2022第20回世界死刑廃止デー [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/JPN_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [426] => Array ( [objectID] => 19518 [title] => Anniversary tool – 20th World Day [timestamp] => 1657238400 [date] => 08/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/anniversary-tool-20th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Anniversary tool for the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty.This tool traces 20 years of struggle for the abolition of the death penalty. Rediscover the different themes addressed and the achievements of the World Day. [texte] => 20 YEARS OF RAISINGAWARNESS2003 - 20222The Anti Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) waslaunched on the 2006 Word Day, an initiative by AmnestyInternational and the World Coalition to take actionagainst the death penalty in Asia.ADPAN launch (4th World Day)At the occasion of the 2007 World Day, the World CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty launched a petition calling to jointhe call for a universal moratorium on executions initiatedin 1998 by the Community of Sant’ Egidio. It gathered167,000 signatures. The resolution eventually got adoptedby the UNGA in December 2007.UNGA moratorium resolution (5th World Day)123World Day & Abolition Achievementswww.worldcoalition.orgWorld CoalitionAgainst the Death PenaltyMundo M47 avenue Pasteur, 931 00 Montreuil,FranceTél : +33 1 80 8 7 70 43contact@worldcoalition.o rgworldcoalition@WCADPThis document was produced with the financialsupport of the Agence française de development (AFD),the Paris Bar Association, the European Union, theFondation de France, the Government of Belgium, thegovernment of Canada and the Government ofSwitzerland. The content of this document is the soleresponsibility of the World Coalition Against the DeathPenalty and should in no way be considered to reflectthe position of the AFD, the EU, the Fondation deFrance, the above-mentioned Governments, nor theParis Bar Association.@WCADPAbolitionist in law and in practice and retentionist countries worldwide 2003 - 2021RetentionistAbolitionistInternational standards setting (9th World Day)The World Coalition organized an event at the UN on InternationalJurisprudence regarding the death penalty and the prohibition ofcruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment with theparticipation of the African Commission on Human and Peoples'Rights, the Committee against Torture, the Special Rapporteur onextrajudicial, arbitrary and summary executions, the EuropeanCourt of Human Rights and the Inter-American Commission onHuman Rights. Following the event, the Inter-AmericanCommission, the European Court and the Special Rapporteur onTorture published reports on evolving jurisprudence regarding thedeath penalty.3A high-level conference was organized by the KazakhMinister of Foreign Affairs and the InternationalCommission against the Death Penalty to support theinitiative to create a death-penalty-free zone in CentralAsia and Mongolia. Kazakhstan abolished the deathpenalty in law for all crimes in December 2021.Abolition in Kazakhstan (18th World Day)2On 23 July 2021, the Parliament of Sierra Leonevoted in favour of a Bill abolishing the deathpenalty. For the 19th World Day, President JuliusMaada Bio signed the bill into law on 8 October2021.Abolition in Sierra Leone (19th World Day)A pedagogical guide to teach abolition was created by the WorldCoalition. It offers activities for young people from 14 to 18 yearsold. It was widely circulated and continues to be used bymembers of the Coalition in their awareness raising activities.Creation of a Teaching Guide (7th World Day)The Founding Act of the Greater Caribbean for Life(12th World Day)The Greater Caribbean for Life, a coalition ofindividuals and abolitionist organizations in the region,was officially established on 2 October 2013 with theadoption of its constitution and the election of its firstExecutive Committee. This launch occurred at the endof debates and discussions between activists andjurists from 12 countries. In their final statement, theyundertook to “campaign for the abolition of the deathpenalty, including by creating a culture to promote andprotect human rights.”20th World DayAgainst the Death PenaltyThe World Day Against the Death Penalty (World Day), celebrated every 10 October, was firstconceptualized during the first World Congress Against the Death Penalty, organized byTogether Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) in 2001 in Strasbourg, France. Signatories of thefinal declaration committed to "creating a world-wide coordination of associations andabolitionist campaigners, whose first goal will be to launch a world-wide day for the universalabolition of the death penalty." The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty was created inRome in May 2022. In 2003, it decided to make 10 October, or 10/10, World Day against theDeath Penalty after the date of abolition of the death penalty in France (9 October 1981).Each World Day gives the opportunity:to denounce the application of the death penalty where it is still practiced;to put pressure on the States that retain it to abolish the death penalty;to give an international and institutional dimension to the struggl e of those whosometimes fight against the tide of public opinion;explain to the public the urgency of abolition and the indefensible character of capitalpunishment;to bring toge ther abolitionist actors and activists around a common campaign.Since 2003, the participation has increased by 294%, from 188 initiatives in 63 cou ntries to741 initiatives in 98 countries in 2021. 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Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe [timestamp] => 1657152000 [date] => 07/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/welttag-gegen-die-todesstrafe-poster/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe Poster [texte] => 10.10.202220. WELTTAGGEGEN DIE TODESSTRAFEwww.worldcoalition.orgTODESSTRAFE:EIN MIT FOLTERGEPFLASTETER WEG [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/DE_WD2022_Poster_BD.pdf ) [434] => Array ( [objectID] => 19393 [title] => Detailed Factsheet – World Day 2022 [timestamp] => 1656892800 [date] => 04/07/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed factsheet on torture and the death penalty, for the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty (2022). [texte] => A road paved with torture20th World Day Against the Death PenaltyThe death penalty: a road paved with tortureDetailed FactsheetWORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYThis 10 October 2022, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (the World Coalition) and other abolitionist organizations worldwide celebrate the 20th World Day Against the Death Penalty. The World Coalition looks back on 20 years of unity and advocacy for the universal abolition of capital punishment and dedicates this 20th World Day to reflecting the relationship between the use of the death penalty and torture or other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment.Table des matièresINTRODUCTION ........................................................... 1Methodology ................................................................ 1Sources ........................................................................ 2PART 1: A LOOK BACK AT 20 YEARS OF ADVOCATING AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY ....... 2PART 2: THE DEATH PENALTY AND TORTURE ........ 5Context ......................................................................... 5Definition: what is torture?.......................................... 6Types of torture and the death penalty ................... 10INTRODUCTIONMETHODOLOGYAs more countries abolish the death penalty and therefore make it an unlawful practice, the death penalty itself would cease to be accepted as a “lawful sanction” under the internationally recognized definition of torture. Prepared by The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in partnership with the Advocates for Human Rights and with the assistance of the law firm20th World Day Against the Death PenaltyFredrikson and Byron, P.A., this factsheet highlights this growing consensus, as well as examines the link between torture (or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) and the death penalty.First, we will look back at 20 years of advocating against the death penalty by reviewing measured successes from each World Day since its inception in 2002Second, as we revisit the themes of past World Days, for this 20th World Day’s topic, we highlight a common thread that seems to link the various cases and aspects of the application of the death penalty, and join several others in questioning whether a norm is emerging that the death penalty in itself amounts to torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP). We examine the connection between torture and the death penalty by 1) analyzing the current definition of torture and the growing international recognition that the death penalty is a form of torture; and 2) looking at current practices in various countries to illustrate modern-day issues and injustices connecting torture and the death penalty.SOURCESOur research focused on existing international, regional, and State-specific human rights treaties, legislation and jurisprudence, as well as humanitarian organization and non-profit work.Our research also relied heavily on the work of The International Federation of Associations of Christians Against Torture (FIACAT), including their position paper on the topic of the death penalty and torture, as well as the Death Penalty Worldwide database and Amnesty International, among others.PART 1: A LOOK BACK AT 20 YEARS OF ADVOCATING AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY11 Facts and figures from previous World Day Reports available at WorldCoalition.org20 YEARS OF RAISING AWARNESS2003-2022A road paved with torture“The first edition of the World Day against the Death Penalty was celebrated on 10th October 2003. On the occasion of the 2003 and 2004 editions, the World Coalition called principally for the organization of local initiatives everywhere throughout the world in order for the World Day to be an event with a clearly international character. […] Since 2005, the World Coalition chooses a specific theme each year so that it may suggest to its members and to all abolitionists targeted actions for awareness raising and lobbying.” 2World Days have since covered important issues in connection with the death penalty, including mental health (12th World Day), terrorism (14th World Day), poverty (15th World Day), living conditions on death row (16th World Day), and women-specific issues (19th World Day). Earlier World Days also focused on the issue of the death penalty in certain regions or States, including Africa in 2005, Asia in 2008, United States in 2010, and Caribbean in 2013. Previous World Days examined practices, treatment and conditions that amount to torture, highlighting the role that torture plays in perpetuating capital punishment. All World Day topics collectively highlight the multi-faceted and intersectional issues facing those sentenced to or impacted by the death penalty around the world.2 Summary of World Day years 1-5 (2002-2006) from World Day Against the Death Penalty: Fifth Edition available at https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-RapportJM2007-1.pdf20th World Day Against the Death PenaltyWorld Day themesA road paved with torturePART 2: THE DEATH PENALTY AND TORTURECONTEXTWhen the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the “Convention”) were adopted in 1966 and 1984, respectively, the authors had not yet envisioned that pain and distress resulting from lawful sanctions could constitute torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDTP). Since that time, however, standards, practices and agreements by States, including the ever-increasing majority of States who are either abolitionist in law or in practice in regards to the death penalty, indicate a shift toward the total abolition of the death penalty, which shift will eventually make the practice per se unlawful, and therefore no longer excepted from the definition of torture (or CIDTP).While recognizing we advocate for the total abolition of the death penalty worldwide, we acknowledge that there are retentionist States and that some of these States are applying the death penalty in a way that may amount to torture or CIDTP which is frequently in violation of prohibitions set out under international law and standards. To that end, we wish to raise awareness of some of these issues, and while at the same time advocating for a total abolition of the death penalty, advocating for practices and methods to be used in retentionist countries that are the most humane and directed to avoiding torture and CIDTP – and all of the unnecessary pain and suffering inflicted upon those who are sentenced to death and all other persons with a passing relationship to death penalty cases.In this Factsheet, we will examine specific practices in connection with the death penalty that may amount to the level of torture or CIDTP, including forced confessions, and psychological torture due to secrecy, solitary confinement, or extensive Time on Death Row.Status of the death penalty worldwide3:2020:• 483 people were executed in 2020 (at least), the lowest figure that Amnesty International has recorded in at least a decade.• Iran, Egypt, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia accounted for 88% of known executions. This figure does not include thousands of executions believed to have been carried out in China due to a lack of transparency, as the death penalty in China is classified as a state secret.• Despite proceedings failing to meet international fair trial standards, death sentences in Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Vietnam, and Yemen have been imposed.3 Data from Amnesty International’s Global Report. Death sentences and executions 2020 available at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/;Data from Amnesty International’s Global Report. Death sentences and executions 2021 available athttps://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/5418/2022/en/20th World Day Against the Death Penalty• Individuals in Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, and Saudi Arabia were convicted due to confessions extracted through torture.• Death sentences were imposed in Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Palestine without the defendant being present.2021:• Global executions increased by 20% on the 2020 figure, from at least 483 to at least 579.• Iran (at least 314), Egypt (at least 83) and Saudi Arabia (65) accounted for 80% of all known executions. Again, this figure does not include the executions believed to have been carried out in China.• Three countries resumed executions: United Arab Emirates (since 2017), Belarus and Japan (since 2019). In the USA, two states resumed: Mississippi (since 2012) and Oklahoma (since 2015).As of the end of 2021, 108 countries were abolitionists for all crimes, 8 countries retained the death penalty for ordinary crimes, 28 countries were abolitionists in practice, and 55 countries still maintained the death penalty.Status of abolition worldwide to 31 December 20214DEFINITION: WHAT IS TORTURE?Article 1 of the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the “Convention”) defines torture as“any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of4 Data from Amnesty International’s Global Report. Death sentences and executions 2021 available athttps://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/5418/2022/en/5 Article 5 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-against-torture-and-other-cr [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/EN-Detailed-Factsheet_1.0.pdf ) [435] => Array ( [objectID] => 19265 [title] => Testimonies tool – World Day 2022 [timestamp] => 1656374400 [date] => 28/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/testimonies-tool-world-day-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition and its members have collected testimonies of victims of torture in the death penalty. Confessions, death row phenomenon, moments before the execution, psychological torture of those not sentenced to death, methods of execution. Read the stories of these victims. We thank all those who agreed to share their testimonies and their stories. [texte] => 20th World Day against the death penaltyTestimonies: acts of torture in capital punishmentTable of contentsConfessions ............................................................................................ 4Junius Burno (USA, Pennsylvania) ........................................................................... 4Hoo Yew Wah (Malaysia) ...................................................................................... 4Alamhuli-Atashgah (Iran) ...................................................................................... 5Debra Milke (USA, Arizona) ................................................................................... 6Navid Afkari (Iran) .............................................................................................. 7Anonymous (DRC) ............................................................................................... 7Gary Gauger (USA, Illinois) .................................................................................... 8Death row phenomenon ......................................................................... 8Behnud Shojaei (Iran) .......................................................................................... 9Iwao Hakamada (Japan) ....................................................................................... 9Anonymous (Sri Lanka) ........................................................................................ 9Steven Ching'ombe (Malawi) ................................................................................ 10George Billiati (Malawi) ...................................................................................... 10Moments before the execution ............................................................ 10Juan Roberto Meléndez (USA, Florida) .................................................................... 11Daniel Gwynn (USA, Pennsylvania) ........................................................................ 11Mohammad Fada’i (Iran) ..................................................................................... 12Weng Renzian (Taiwan) ...................................................................................... 12Psychological torture of those not sentenced to death ....................... 13Anonymous – Brother and mother (Iran) ................................................................... 14Sasha – Child (Belarus) ...................................................................................... 14Anonymous – Wife (Iran) ..................................................................................... 14Nancy Vollertsen - Sister (USA, Oklahoma) ............................................................... 15Methods of execution ........................................................................... 16Sohail Yafat (Pakistan) ....................................................................................... 16This document has been compiled by the Secretariat of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with substantial aide from member organizations, including Amnesty international, the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran (ABC), Justice Project Pakistan, Lifespark, Paris Bar association, Reprieve, and Witness to Innocence. Every effort has been made to preserve the testimonies in the original form in which they were received, with edits being made either for clarity, security, or for length. If a testimony has been edited, it will be stated.We thank all those who agreed to share their testimonies and their stories.ConfessionsIn countries around the world where the death penalty is still applied, forced confessions may be used by law enforcement to obtain a confession to a capital offense.Junius Burno (USA, Pennsylvania)I was never physically tortured. Mine has been purely psychological and emotional. I had psychological pressure applied on me to falsely confess. From both the police and the actual D.A. trying my case. They repeatedly outside the presence of my counsel threatened me with the death penalty. Explaining how they kill you, the process. The threat was I needed to secure a deal or my co-defendant would get it and I would be put to death.Then the entire time prior to trial was quite tortuous. From the standpoint of receiving and recognizing that I was receiving very sub-par representation. I could not afford my own attorney so the court appointed counsel to me. They are merely there to give the appearance of representation. I was later told by one of them that winning was not what they were there for. And could put him/them out of a job! Each judge has a list of attorneys he gives these cases to. It is a safe bet that not one of them have ever won any of the cases he has assigned them. Also, safe bet that this is universal.The same thing carries over to your appellate process. So, it is all of the time consumed that is tortuous to me and others. It is time greatly wasted and devastates the incarcerated and their families. I know I am a casualty of it. Time consumed trying your earnest to get your case properly and fairly presented, heard and decided upon. This virtually never happens. So you, your case, and family languish for years, decades! SHEER TORTURE!Testimony collected by Lifespark in 2022.Hoo Yew Wah (Malaysia)In 2005, at 20 years old, Hoo Yew Wah was arrested for possession of 188.35 grams of methamphetamine. He was later taken to a police station, where police broke his finger, threatened to beat his girlfriend, and was made to make a statement without a lawyer present. He also made the statement in, his mother tongue, which the police wrote down in Malay.Yew Wah contested this statement in court, noting inaccuracies and threats, but the judge dismissed these claims without ordering an investigation.Yew Wah was automatically presumed to be guilty of drug trafficking – and was given the mandatory sentence of death.Testimony collected by Amnesty international in 2019.The level of pressure, desperation and fear I felt in those moments are completely unexplainable.Alamhuli-Atashgah (Iran)Ms. Alamhuli-Atashgah was arrested on 26 May 2008 by the [Islamic] Revolutionary Guards Corps [IRGC]. After enduring 25 days of torture and detention, she was transferred to Evin Prison. Following six months' imprisonment, she was transferred to Evin's Women’s Ward. According to Fars News Agency, she was arrested in connection with an explosion at the headquarters of the IRGC.Ms. Alamhuli-Atashgah reported that no arrest warrant was presented to her and that during her detention in the IRGC headquarters, she had no access to a lawyer. She also described the harsh prison conditions and the torture she was subjected to in several letters. On 18 January 2010, she wrote: "I was arrested in May 2008 by several military and plainclothes officers and taken directly to the IRGC headquarters. Upon arrival, they promptly proceeded to beat me. I spent a total of 25 days in IRGC custody, 22 days of which I was on hunger strike. During that period, I was constantly subjected to all kinds of physical and psychological pressure. The interrogators, who were male, handcuffed me to a bed. They repeatedly struck me on my face, body and soles of my feet with electric batons, cables, kicks and punches. At the time, I could barely speak or understand any Persian. So when their questions remained unanswered, they would beat me so hard that I would pass out. At Call to Prayers, they would go for their prayers, giving me time to, in their words, think about my conduct. Then it would start all over again: the beatings, passing out, ice water..."“Blows to my head during interrogation have given me severe head trauma. There are days when I am struck with the most agonizing headaches. My nose starts to bleed, and I lose awareness of my surroundings. It takes several hours before I gradually regain consciousness. Another 'gift' of their torture was the damage to my eyesight, which is worsening every day. My request for eyeglasses has remained unanswered.""When they realized my resolve to continue with the hunger strike, they attempted to forcibly feed me by shoving serums and tubes into my stomach through my nose. I would resist by pulling out the tubes, which resulted in bleeding and tremendous pain. After some two years, the scars remain and bother me.""One day during interrogations, they kicked me so hard in the stomach that I immediately started to bleed. One day one of the interrogators approached me, asking irrelevant questions. He was the only interrogator I saw, as at other times I was in blindfolds. When I failed to respond, he slapped me, drew a gun from his belt and put it to my head. He said: 'Answer myThe tortures to which you have subjected me have become my nightmares. I spent every day in pain from the torturequestions. I know you are a member of PJAK and a terrorist. Look girl! It makes no difference whether or not you talk. We are happy to have taken a PJAK member captive.""They would make me stand on my injured feet until they would become totally swollen. Then they would bring me some ice. Every night I could hear screams and cries, which would continue until dawn, leaving me unnerved. I subsequently found out that they were recordings intended to intensify my suffering. Or I would be held in the interrogation room for hours with cold water dripping on my head, before being returned to my cell in the evening. One day, as I was being interrogated while sitting in a chair with blindfolds on, the interrogator put out his cigarette on my hand. On another day, he placed his shoes on my feet pressing so hard that my toenails turned black and fell off. Or they would make me stand on my feet the whole day without asking any questions, while the interrogators sat there, doing crossword puzzles."Ms. Alamhuli-Atashgah was transferred from the IRGC headquarters to a hospital and then to section 209 of Evin Prison, which refused to take her in custod [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/TestimoniesJM_EN_v.1.1.pdf ) [436] => Array ( [objectID] => 18825 [title] => Central African Republic Becomes 24th African State to Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1656201600 [date] => 26/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/central-african-republic-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Central-African-Republic-abolition-death-penalty-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The President of the Central African Republic promulgated the law abolishing the death penalty on June 27 2022, one month after the National Assembly passed the law. CAR is now the 24th abolitionist state in Africa and the 111th in the world. [texte] => The President of the Central African Republic promulgated the law abolishing the death penalty on June 27 2022, one month after the National Assembly passed the law. CAR is now the 24th abolitionist state in Africa and the 111th in the world. (more…) "Central African Republic Becomes 24th African State to Abolish the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [437] => Array ( [objectID] => 21345 [title] => European Court for Human Rights cases involving the death penalty [timestamp] => 1656028800 [date] => 24/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/european-court-for-human-rights-cases-involving-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “[T]he [European Court of Human Rights] in Öcalan did not exclude that Article 2 [of the European Convention on Human Rights, protecting the right to life,] had already been amended so as to remove the exception permitting the death penalty. Moreover, … the position has evolved since then. All but two of the Member States have now signed Protocol No. 13 [to the Convention, concerning the abolishment of the death penalty in all circumstances,] and all but three of the States which have signed have ratified it. These figures, together with consistent State practice in observing the moratorium on capital punishment, are strongly indicative that Article 2 has been amended so as to prohibit the death penalty in all circumstances. Against this background, the Court does not consider that the wording of the second sentence of Article 2 § 1 continues to act as a bar to its interpreting the words ‘inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment’ in Article 3 [of the Convention, prohibiting torture and inhuman or degrading treatment,] as including the death penalty …” (Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. the United Kingdom judgment of 2 March 2010, § 120). [texte] => Factsheet – Death penalty abolitionJune 2022This factsheet does not bind the Court and is not exhaustiveDeath penalty abolition“[T]he [European Court of Human Rights] in Öcalan did not exclude that Article 2 [of the European Convention on Human Rights, protecting the right to life,] had already been amended so as to remove the exception permitting the death penalty. Moreover, … the position has evolved since then. All but two of the Member States have now signed Protocol No. 13 [to the Convention, concerning the abolishment of the death penalty in all circumstances,] and all but three of the States which have signed have ratified it. These figures, together with consistent State practice in observing the moratorium on capital punishment, are strongly indicative that Article 2 has been amended so as to prohibit the death penalty in all circumstances. Against this background, the Court does not consider that the wording of the second sentence of Article 2 § 1 continues to act as a bar to its interpreting the words ‘inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment’ in Article 3 [of the Convention, prohibiting torture and inhuman or degrading treatment,] as including the death penalty …” (Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. the United Kingdom judgment of 2 March 2010, § 120).Risk of exposure to the “death-row phenomenon”1Soering v. the United Kingdom7 July 1989The applicant was a German national detained in a prison in England pending extradition to the United States of America to face charges of murder for the stabbing to death of his girlfriend’s parents. He complained that, notwithstanding the assurances presented to the United Kingdom Government, there was a serious likelihood that he be sentenced to death if extradited to the United States. He maintained that, in particular because of the “death row phenomenon” where people spent several years in extreme stress and psychological trauma awaiting to be executed, if extradited, he would be subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment and punishment contrary to Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights.The European Court of Human Rights found that the applicant’s extradition to the United States would expose him to a real risk of treatment contrary to Article 3 of the Convention. In reaching that conclusion, the Court had regard to the very long period of time people usually spent on death row in extreme conditions in the United States with an ever mounting anguish of waiting to be executed, as well as to the personal circumstances of the applicant, especially his age and mental state at the time of the offence. The Court also noted that the legitimate purpose of the extradition could be achieved by another means which would not involve suffering of such exceptional intensity or duration. Accordingly, the United Kingdom decision to extradite the applicant to the United States would, if implemented, breach Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) of the Convention.1. Concerning the conditions of detention on “death row”, see in particular: Poltoratski v. Ukraine, Kouznetsov v. Ukraine, Nazarenko v. Ukraine, Dankevitch v. Ukraine, Aliev v. Ukraine and Khokhlitch v. Ukraine, judgments of 29 April 2003; G.B. v. Bulgaria (application no. 42346/98) and Iorgov v. Bulgaria, judgments of 11 March 2004.Factsheet – Death penalty abolition2Einhorn v. France16 October 2001 (decision on the admissibility)The applicant, an American national, left the United States after being accused of murdering his former partner. He was found guilty, in his absence, of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. The French Government agreed to extradite him, on the ground that he would benefit from a new and fair trial if returned to Pennsylvania and that he would not face the death penalty. He appealed and the French Conseil d’Etat rejected his appeal. Before the Court, the applicant complained, among other things, that his extradition was agreed despite the risk of his facing the death penalty and being exposed to inhuman and degrading conditions on “death row”.The Court declared the application inadmissible (manifestly ill-founded). It reiterated that the fact, after being sentenced to death, prisoners are exposed to the “death-row phenomenon” can, in certain cases and having regard in particular to the time spent in extreme conditions, the ever-present and mounting anguish of awaiting execution, and the personal circumstances of the prisoner in question, be regarded as a form of treatment that goes beyond the threshold set by Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) of the Convention. The Court noted, however, that the circumstances of the case and the assurances obtained by the French Government were such as to remove the danger of the applicant’s being sentenced to death in Pennsylvania. Since, in addition, the decree granting the applicant’s extradition expressly provided that “the death penalty may not be sought, imposed or carried out in respect of [the applicant]”, the Court considered that he was not exposed to a serious risk of treatment or punishment prohibited under Article 3 of the Convention on account of his extradition to the United States.See also: Nivette v. France, partial decision on the admissibility of 14 December 2000 and final decision of 3 July 2001.Demir v. Turkey30 August 2005 (decision on the admissibility)Relying on Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment) of the Convention, the applicant complained of being subjected to “death row syndrome” on account of the discussions among the political authorities on resuming enforcement of the death penalty, following the conviction of the head of the PKK (the Workers’ Party of Kurdistan, an illegal organisation).The Court declared the application inadmissible (manifestly ill-founded). It pointed out that the death penalty had been abolished in Turkey and that the Turkish Constitutional Court, in its judgment of 27 December 2002, had upheld the validity of the legislation abolishing it. Accordingly, the death sentences already imposed had automatically been commuted to life imprisonment. Furthermore, Turkey had ratified Protocol No. 6 to the Convention of 28 April 1983 concerning abolition of the death penalty. The Court also took note of the applicant’s fears that enforcement of the death penalty would resume following the conviction of the head of the PKK. In that connection it noted that a moratorium on enforcement of the death penalty had been in place in Turkey since 1984. It further observed that the discussions among the political authorities on resuming enforcement of the death penalty had related solely to the head of the PKK. Moreover, the situation of the head of the PKK could not readily be transposed to that of the applicant, in view of the former’s political past. In the circumstances, the Court considered that the enforcement of the death sentence against the applicant had been purely hypothetical and that he could not be said to have suffered the ever-present and mounting anguish of awaiting execution, thereby subjecting him to treatment exceeding the threshold set by Article 3 of the Convention.Factsheet – Death penalty abolition3Risk of being stoned to deathJabari v. Turkey11 October 2000The applicant, an Iranian national, fled Iran where she had been detained for having a relationship with a married man. Arrested in Istanbul for using a forged Canadian passport, she complained that she ran a real risk of death by stoning if returned to Iran. She was granted refugee status by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) which found that – if returned to Iran – she risked an inhuman punishment, in particular death by stoning.The Court gave due weight to the UNHCR’s conclusion in respect of the risk run by the applicant if she were deported to Iran. Having further noted that punishment of adultery by stoning had remained on the statute book and might be used by the Iranian authorities, the Court concluded that there existed a real risk of the applicant being subjected to treatment contrary to the Convention if she were to be returned to Iran. Accordingly, the order for her deportation to Iran would, if executed, give rise to a violation of Article 3 (prohibition of torture) of the Convention. The Court also held that there had been a violation of Article 13 (right to an effective remedy) of the Convention in the instant case.Razaghi v. Sweden25 January 2005 (striking out judgment)The applicant, an Iranian national, had applied for asylum in Sweden in November 1998. The National Immigration Board had rejected the application and ordered that the applicant be expelled to Iran. The applicant claimed that, if expelled to Iran, he would risk, among other things, facing death by stoning for having had a relationship with a mullah’s wife. He relied on Article 2 (right to life) and Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman treatment) of the Convention and Article 1 (abolition of the death penalty) of Protocol No. 6 to the Convention.The Court observed that in September 2004 the Swedish Aliens Board had revoked the expulsion order against the applicant and granted him a permanent residence permit. Finding that the applicant no longer faced expulsion to Iran or any risk of a violation of the articles of the Convention invoked, the Court concluded that the matter had been resolved and accordingly struck out the case pursuant to Article 37 of the Convention.Risk of being sentenced to deathBader and Kanbor v. Sweden8 November 2005The applicants are a family of four Syrian nationals who had had their asylum applications refused in Sweden and deportation orders to be returned to Syria served on them. They complained that as the father in the family had been convicted in his absence of complicity in a murder and sentenced to death in Syria, he ran a real risk of being executed if returned there.The Court considered that the first applicant had [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body [1] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Death_penalty_ENG.pdf ) [438] => Array ( [objectID] => 19249 [title] => Leaflet – World Day 2022 [timestamp] => 1656028800 [date] => 24/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-world-day-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Leaflet for the 20th World Day against the death penalty (2022), on torture and the death penalty. [texte] => — 1 —— WORLD COALITION AGAINS THE DEATH PENALTY —10 OCTOBER 2022www.worldcoalition.orgDEATH PENALTY:A ROAD PAVEDWITH TORTURE20TH WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY— 2 —— 20TH WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY —Today, 1441 States are abolitionists in law or in practice,which represents more than two thirds of the world’scountries. Comparatively twenty years ago, only 1112 countrieswere abolitionists in law or in practice. It is undeniable thatabolition of the death penalty has continued to gain groundaround the world.From an international legal perspective, the link between theuse of the death penalty, torture and CIDTP has grown in itscomplexity over the past 20 years. There is a growinginternational acceptance of the principle that torture isinherent to the death penalty process, a process that is lawfulunder international law, albeit highly regulated. This notionputs into question the compatibility of the death penalty withthe prohibition on the use of torture or CIDTP underinternational law. Two United Nations Special Rapporteurs ontorture have expressed their favorable interpretation of thisand called for studies on this very question, in 2009 and againin 20123. As recently as 2019, for the first time, the UnitedNations Human Rights Committee suggested that certainmethods of execution constitute torture or CIDTP4.These progressive interpretations by international humanrights bodies and mechanisms are not without dire need. Thetypes of torture and other ill-treatment experienced duringthe long death penalty road are varied and numerous: physicalor psychological torture has been applied in many casesduring questioning to force confessions to capital crimes;death row phenomenon contributes to the long-termpsychological decline of a person's health, harsh death rowliving conditions contribute to physical deterioration, mentalanguish of anticipating execution once a date has been set,methods of execution that cause exceptional pain, and thesuffering experienced by family members and those with aclose relationship with the executed person.1 Amnesty international, “Death sentences and executions in 2021” May 2022.2 Amnesty international, “The Death Penalty: List of Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries (1 January 2002)”, 31 March 2002.3 Special reporter on torture reports, doc. ONU A/HRC/10/44, 2009, § 34-38 ; doc. ONU A/67/279, 2012, § 53, 56, 65-72 2012.4 Human rights committee, General Comment no. 36 - Article 6: right to life, CCPR/C/GC/36, para. 64, Septembre 3rd, 2019.This day is anopportunity to highlightthe progress maderegarding the struggleagainst the deathpenalty around theglobe for the pasttwenty years. It alsoserves as a keymoment to reflect onthe link between theuse of the deathpenalty and torture orother cruel, inhuman,and degradingtreatment orpunishment (CIDTP),as well as mark thegrowing recognition ofthe death penalty asincompatible with theprohibition of CIDTPunder international law.On 10th October 2022, the World Coalition Againstthe Death Penalty and abolitionists actors worldwidewill celebrate the 20th World Day Against the DeathPenalty.— 3 —— WORLD COALITION AGAINS THE DEATH PENALTY —THE DEATH PENALTY IN NUMBERS110States have abolished thedeath penalty for all crimes7States have abolished thedeath penalty for commonlaw crimes27States are abolitionists inpractice55States are retentionistsUniversal Declaration of HumanRights of 1948 (art. 5)International Covenant on Civiland Political Rights of 1966 (art. 7)Convention against Torture of1984Convention on the Rights of theChild 1989 (art. 37 a)European Convention for theProtection of Human Rights andFundamental Freedoms of 1950(art. 3)American Convention on HumanRights of 1969 (art. 5.2)African Charter on Human andPeoples' Rights of 1981 (art. 5)Inter-American Convention toPrevent and Punish Torture of1985European Convention for thePrevention of Torture andInhuman or Degrading Treatmentor Punishment of 1987Arab Charter on Human Rights of2004 (art. 8)Association of Southeast AsianNations Declaration on HumanRights, 2012 (art. 14)International laws andstandards relativeto the prohibitionof torture and CIDTPThe prohibition of torture andother ill-treatment isacknowledged by diverse regionaland international instruments andtexts:WHAT IS TORTURE AND CIDTP?Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whetherphysical or mental, is inflicted on a person by orat the instigation of or with the consent […] of apublic official or other person acting in an officialcapacity. Torture is an aggravated et deliberatedform of CIDTP.Torture does not extend to “pain or suffering arisingonly from, inherent in or incidental to lawfulsanctions.”. But the lawfulness of the death penaltyas a legal sanction is questioned more and moreon the international stage.Article 1 and 16, Convention Against Torture; Article1/2 Declaration on the Protection of All Persons fromBeing Subjected to Torture and Other CIDTP ofDecember 9, 1975.WHAT IS DEATH PENALTYPHENOMENON?The psychological impact felt by a personsentenced to death that combines harsh livingconditions, and the contemplation of impendingexecution.The 5 States that executed themost in the world in 2021 are,in order:1 China2 Iran3 Egypt4 Saudi Arabia5 Syria— 4 —— 20TH WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY —5 For more art by DanielGwynn: https://www.artforjustice.org/daniel-gwynnn“In 2005, at 20 years old, Hoo YewWah was arrested for possessionof 188.35 grams ofmethamphetamine. He was latertaken to a police station, where he said the police brokehis finger and threatened to beat his girlfriend duringinterrogation to make him sign a statement, without alawyer present. He contested the statement at trial andon appeal, but it was used as evidence to convict him. (…)Yew Wah was automatically presumed to be guilty of drugtrafficking [by the court] – and was given the mandatorysentence of death.”Testimonial gathered by Amnesty Interantional in 2019.USAPennsylvaniaThe types of torture and other illtreatmentexperienced during the longdeath penalty road are varied andnumerous:Painting entitled“Coerced Confession” 5by Daniel Gwynn, byDaniel Gwynn, who hasbeen on death row inPennsylvania, USAsince 1996.Testimonial and art worksent by lifespark!When describing his schedule on aprison ward, the followinganonymous man who has been undera sentence of death for 13 yearsexplained, “Exercise time is at10H00. I don’t go out for exercise.I haven't gone out for exercise forabout five years. What is thepoint?”Over 1200 persons are undersentenced of death in Sri Lanka.Quote gathered by the Human RightsCommission of Sri Lanka for their 2020Prison Study.SRI LANKAMALAYSIAArrest and questionning— 5 —— WORLD COALITION AGAINS THE DEATH PENALTY —USAOklahoma“My brother, Greg Wilhoit, spent five years onOklahoma’s death row for a crime he did notcommit. (…) Visiting Greg on death row wasvery traumatic. Oklahoma does not allowcontact visits so we were not able to even hugGreg for years. He shared with us the barbaricliving conditions, and we had nightmaresimagining what he was dealing with and hishopelessness. We tried to comfort him when hisfriends were executed. It was devastating.Nothing that we suffered compared to what Gregwent through, but no family should have to watchthe state methodically plan the murder of theirloved one.”Nancy Vollertsen, sister to Greg Wilhoit.Greg Wilhoit was wrongfully convicted andsentenced to death in 1987. He was fullyexonerated in 1993.Testimonial shared by Witness to Innocence in 2022.Death row phenomenonMohammad Fada’i, wrote a letteras a juvenile waiting forexecution: “Now, once more, Iam waiting for execution. I amno longer afraid of death. (…)Today I am writing this letter to you and I stillcannot believe that I have been separated frommy school and my friends forever. I still cannotbelieve that I am grown up and my childhood andyouth has ended. I cannot believe that I have todie in few days.”Testimony collected by the Abdorrahman BoroumandCenter in 2008.“Several death row prisoners haveshared what they saw on the day ofWeng Renzian’s execution. They saidthat Weng Renxian was unwilling tolet the prison guards take [him] out ofhis cell and resisted strongly. Otherprisoners were locked in their cells with the smallglass window on the door covered, so that theycould not see the condition outside. They could onlyhear Weng Renxian's painful cries. The guards calledfor more help to come in to assist. In the end, WengRenxian was dragged along the corridor, and thesound of shackles, handcuffs and floor tiles […]was even more eerily deafening and frighteningin the quiet prison at night. (…) Renxian shouted,"My brothers, take care! I'll leave first!" and then hewas taken to the execution ground.”Testimony collected by the Taiwan Alliance to End theDeath Penalty in 2022.IRANAnticipation of executionTAIWAN— 6 —— 20TH WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY —To find out more…Find out everything about World Day Against the Death Penalty at www.worldcoalition.org/fr/campagne/20-world-day-against-the-death-penalty including: the 2022 World Day poster ;the Mobilization Kit ; the testimonies collection ; detailed factsheets on the death penalty aroundthe world ; the 2021 World Day Report.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations,local authorities and unions. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the internationaldimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universalabolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimesisolatedactions taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, whileconstantly respecting their independence.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty created the World Day Against the Death Penalty on10 October. For the 20th World Day, in 2022, the World Coalition would like to help activists worldwiderally to oppose the death penalty and unite beh [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023_BROCHURE_EN_8p_V2_BD.pdf ) [439] => Array ( [objectID] => 19233 [title] => Facts and Figures 2022 [timestamp] => 1656028800 [date] => 24/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Find the main facts and figures regarding the death penalty worldwide in 2021 and early 2022. [texte] => [1] ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIESMore than two thirds of countries in the world have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice:1• 110 countries2 abolished the death penalty for all crimes.• 8 countries3 abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes only, with exceptions placed on crimes committed in times of war.• 27 countries4 can be considered abolitionist in practice as they have not held an execution for the last 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions.• In total 144 countries have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice.• 55 countries and territories still uphold and use the death penalty.• 18 countries5 carried out executions in 2021.• In 2021, the top five executioners were China, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Syria.[2] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDS GLOBAL ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYWhilst the number of executions has increased in 2021, the level is still historically low, being the second lowest registered by Amnesty since 2010 at least. Once again, 18 countries proceeded to executions, consolidating the record set last year. Positive and negative outcomes occurred in Iraq. The number of executions dropped by 62% but the number of known death sentences rose more than threefold in comparison to 2020. Egypt’s execution number dropped by 22%.1 For 2021 figures shown in this document, see: Amnesty International, Global Report Death sentences and executions. 2021 https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/2 Albania, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Canada, Chad, Colombia, Congo (Republic of the), Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kiribati, Kosovo*,234 Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niue, North Macedonia, Norway, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden,In the USA the execution number dropped to the lowest on record since 1988 and a temporary moratorium on executions was established by federal administration. Virginia became the 23rd State to abolish the death penalty in the US.Sierra Leone and Kazakhstan both abolished the death penalty in 2021. Papua New Guinea abolished the death penalty in early 2022. CAR voted a bill for the abolition of the death penalty in 2022, that have to be promulgated by the President.Armenia ratified the Second Optional protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of the death penalty in March 2021.[3] DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONSIn 2021, the number of executions was on the rise again; at least 579 executions were recorded while 2,052 death sentences were handed down in 55 countries (compared to approx. 1,477 in 55 countries in 2020). At least 24 of the executed persons were women. Because of a lack of information and/or transparency from many retentionist governments, such as China whose figures could not be incorporated in the above number, those figures are the lowest ones that could be determined. As such, the number of executions and death sentences are likely to be underestimated. At the end of 2021, 28,670 people were known to be under a sentence of death.[Asia]Human rights organizations working in and on China estimate the number of its executions in 2021 was in the thousands; figures pertaining to the death penalty remain a state secret in China, as in North Korea and Viet Nam. The number of recorded death sentences has significantly increased in Myanmar, under martial law since February 2021. Recorded death sentencesSwitzerland, Timor-Leste, Togo, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela.3 Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, Israel, Kazakhstan, Peru.4 Algeria, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Eritrea, Eswatini (former Swaziland), Ghana, Grenada, Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco/Western Sahara, Myanmar, Niger, Papua New Guinea, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, South Korea (Republic of Korea), Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tonga, Tunisia, Zambia.5 A figure followed with a “+” indicates the lowest reliable number of people executed although it is believed by Amnesty International that more people have been executed in reality; a “+” without any figure means Amnesty International have corroborated more than one executions but had no sufficient information to provide a credible: Viet Nam (+), Oman (+), North Korea (+), UAE (1+), Belarus (1+), Japan (3), Botswana (3), Bangladesh (5), South Sudan (9+), USA (11), Yemen (14+), Iraq (17+), Somalia (21+), Syria (24+), Saudi Arabia (65), Egypt (83+), Iran (314+), China (1,000s).Torture and the Death PenaltyFACTS AND FIGURES20th World Day Against the Death Penaltyare also alarming in India and Pakistan as they are increasing. Overall, five countries6 recorded executions, the lowest number in more than 20 years. The region saw a large increase in the number of new death sentences- 819 recorded in 2021, as compared to 517 in 2020. The death sentences handed down were, in many cases, seen as a violation to international human rights standards given that they were applied in the context of crimes that do not meet the “most serious crime” definition (for instance, the application of capital punishment for drug offences, and economic crime). According to Amnesty International, people who were under 18 years of age at the time of the offense have been sentenced to death in Maldives.[Middle East & North Africa]Unlike 2020, where executions decreased, the Middle East and North Africa saw an overall 19% increase in executions, with 7 countries carrying out 520 recorded executions; this is largely due to an increase in executions in states like Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. Recorded death sentences sharply increased in the region, going from 632 in 2020 to 834 death sentences in 2021. This increase in due to significant rise in Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon. Egypt continued to proceed to mass executions, based on mass trials involving manifest unfair proceedings. Confessions obtained under torture continue to be used by courts in Iran. In Yemen, 9 men were executed publicly, including a 17 years old teenager at the time of the crime.[America]For the 13th consecutive year, the United States was the only nation to carry out executions in the Americas. But the United States made great progress. The region broke last year’s record with new historically low figures regarding executions- 11 executions in 2021 (as compared to 17 in 2020), of which 3 were Federal executions. In July 2021 the US administration established a temporary moratorium on executions, and Virginia became the 23rd State to abolish the death penalty. The death penalty is still used against people with mental or intellectual disabilities. And in 2021, in the United States, 18 death sentences were handed down in 7 States (same as 2020). The military authorities had not carried out executions since 1961. Outside the United States, only Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana handed down respectively 3 and 4 new death sentences in 2021.6 Bangladesh, China, Japan, North Korea, Viet Nam[Sub Saharan Africa]In 2021, the only countries to carry out executions in Sub-Saharan Africa were Botswana, Somalia, and South Sudan. Overall, there was a significant increase in executions and in handing down of death sentences. In 2020, 305 death sentences were handed down and 16 individuals executed- compared to 373 convictions and 33 executions, respectively in 2021. Additionally, we note the commutation of 83 death sentences in Nigeria, 26 in DRC. Zambia commuted every death sentence of inmates that have been on death row for more than 8 years (23 commutations).[4] EXECUTION METHODSExecutions in 2021 were carried out primarily through beheading (Saudi Arabia), hanging (Bangladesh, Botswana, Egypt, UAE, Iraq, Iran, Japan, South Soudan, etc), lethal injection (China, United Sates, Vietnam, etc) and shooting (Belarus, China, North Korea, Somalia, Yemen, etc).[5] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS SUPPORTING ABOLITIONProgress towards abolition has been made through the adoption of international treaties, whereby States pledge not to use capital punishment:• Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty has been ratified by 89 States as of June 2022, and signed but not ratified by 1 other.• Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights on the abolition of the death penalty, has been ratified by 13 States in the Americas.• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has now been ratified by 46 European States and signed but not ratified by 1 other.• Protocol No. 13 to the European Human Rights Convention concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances has been ratified by 44 European States and signed, but not ratified by 1 other.Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms provides for the abolition of the death penalty in times of peace, whereas Protocol No. 13 provides for its total abolition. The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as well the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights also provide for [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FactsFigures2022_EN_v1.1.pdf ) [440] => Array ( [objectID] => 19207 [title] => Plans to carry out arbitrary executions in Myanmar must halt immediately [timestamp] => 1655942400 [date] => 23/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/myanmar-executions-must-halt-immediately/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The undersigned organizations are gravely concerned at the recent announcement by the military authorities of Myanmar that the death sentences imposed on four people after grossly unfair proceedings have been approved for implementation. [texte] => The undersigned organizations are gravely concerned at the recent announcement by the military authorities of Myanmar that the death sentences imposed on four people after grossly unfair proceedings have been approved for implementation. (more…) "Plans to carry out arbitrary executions in Myanmar must halt immediately" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Myanmar ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [441] => Array ( [objectID] => 19196 [title] => The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice, Part Two – Overwhelming Support for Abolition Among Opinion Leaders [timestamp] => 1655251200 [date] => 15/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-kenya-a-punishment-that-has-died-out-in-practice-part-two-overwhelming-support-for-abolition-among-opinion-leaders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2021, The Death Penalty Project and the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, in partnership with the Australian National University commissioned Prof. Carolyn Hoyle, Director of The Death Penalty Research Unit, at the University of Oxford, to undertake research in order to provide accurate data on attitudes towards the death penalty in Kenya and facilitate a constructive conversation on the future of capital punishment. The research examined the views of both the general public in Kenya and also opinion formers, those considered influential in shaping, and responding to, national views.Key findings : - The vast majority of opinion formers that took part in the interviews were in favour of abolishing the death penalty. - 90% of opinion formers were in favour of abolishing the death penalty - 82% of opinion formers were strongly in favour of of abolishing the death penalty - Most of the opinion formers interviewed were very well informed on the administration of the death penalty in Kenya. - Across both groups there were concerns around the possibility that innocent people could be sentenced to death. - 88% of opinion formers believe wrongful convictions occur fairly regularly - 93% of opinion formers thought Kenya should be influenced by high rates of abolition around the world - Opinion formers believed that 75% of the public would accept abolition of the death penalty, despite initial reservations. [texte] => The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice Part Two: Overwhelming Support for Abolition Among Opinion LeadersCarolyn Hoyle and Lucy Harry© 2022 Th e authorsAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or anyinformation storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors.Copies of this report may be obtained from:Th e Death Penalty Project87-91 Newman StreetLondonW1T 3EYwww.deathpenaltyproject.organdKenya National Commission on Human Rights P.O. Box 74359-002001st Floor, CVS Plaza, Lenana Road NairobiKenya ISBN: 978-1-8384709-1-3We wish to acknowledge the support of, and partnership with, the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) and the Australian National University (ANU). Particular thanks are due to KNCHR’s CEO, Dr Bernard Mogesa, as well as Samson Omondi for his helpful input throughout, and Brian Kiyuti for his assistance conducting the interviews.We are also grateful to Professor Carolyn Hoyle, Director of the Death Penalty Research Unit, University of Oxford, and Lucy Harry, who we commissioned to write the report.Finally, special thanks are due to Professor Yash Ghai, for writing the foreword to this study and sharing his expert knowledge regarding how Kenya’s constitution impacts its path to abolition.Th is study was made possible by funds awarded to Th e Death Penalty Project from the European Union and the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Offi ce. Th e contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Th e Death Penalty Project and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the European Union or the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Offi ce.ContentsFOREWORD .................................................................................................................. 6KEY FINDINGS.............................................................................................................. 8PART ONE: The purpose of the study .............................................................................. 111.1 The context........................................................................................................................ 121.2 The need for research on opinion leaders........................................................................... 151.3 Research design and methods ........................................................................................... 16PART TWO: The findings ............................................................................................... 192.1 Views on abolition of the death penalty ............................................................................ 202.1.1 Support for abolition of the death penalty ........................................................................ 202.1.2 Support for retention of the death penalty ........................................................................ 222.2 Relationship between knowledge and support for the death penalty ................................ 242.2.1 Knowledge gaps between opinion formers and their politicians........................................ 262.2.2 The influence of public opinion data on opinion formers.................................................. 272.3 Trust in the criminal justice system................................................................................... 312.4 Views on the purpose of the death penalty ....................................................................... 342.5 Appetite and potential for abolition .................................................................................. 36PART THREE: Conclusion ............................................................................................ 43APPENDIX: Interview schedule...................................................................................... 59ABOUT THE AUTHORS............................................................................................. 63Authors’ acknowledgements The Death Penalty Project commissioned the University of Oxford to produce this report as part of a wider programme of research on the death penalty in Kenya and it should be read in conjunction with the accompanying public opinion survey.It has been done in association with The Death Penalty Project’s partner organisation, the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights. Its support and expertise has been invaluable, from the conception of this work through the design of the study, assistance with interviews, and in the preparation of this report. In particular, support was provided throughout by Samson Omondi and Brian Kituyi.This research builds on, and contributes to, a series of similar projects commissioned by The Death Penalty Project, focusing on the views of opinion formers on the death penalty conducted in Zimbabwe, Indonesia, the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados, and, most recently, Taiwan.Thanks are due to Parvais Jabbar and Saul Lehrfreund, Co-Executive Directors of The Death Penalty Project, for their continued commitment to excellence in research, and for recognising the value of collaborations with NGOs and legal charities, civil society more widely, and with academics in those countries in which they work. Parvais Jabbar guided the progress of the project, navigating the challenges of conducting empirical work during a global pandemic with grace and patience. We also benefited from the support provided by his project and administrative team. Carolyn Hoyle & Lucy HarryOxford, March 2022ForewordThis publication, and its companion report on public attitudes to the death penalty – Part One: A Public Ready to Accept Abolition – provide an important contribution to the debate in Kenya about the death penalty. For those who – like myself – are strongly opposed to the death penalty, they are also very encouraging, and give reason to believe that not only are attitudes changing but that in the not-toodistant future, it may be possible for law to be passed that will see capital punishment abolished.My introductory reflections here centre on the Constitution. In some countries abolition of the death penalty has come about through court decisions not through acts of Parliament. This is true of South Africa, where constitution makers felt unable to come to a decision on the death penalty so simply left the provision “Everyone has the right to life.” This was leaving the matter to the courts, and in the now celebrated and seminal case of Makwanyane, the Constitutional Court of South Africa decided that the death penalty was unconstitutional. They drew on the vein of idealism that they discerned in the Constitution, and on an assumption that the “sweeping language in favour of life, …could well in part have been because of a realisation that this was the moment to remove any temptation in coming years to attempt to solve grave social and political problems by means of executing opponents.Is something like this possible in Kenya? The most obvious obstacle is that the Kenyan Constitution includes a qualification to the right to life provision: “A person shall not be deprived of life intentionally, except to the extent authorised by this Constitution or other written law.” This was clearly intended to preserve the possibility of the death penalty – and its constitutionality. In 2017, when the Supreme Court held that the mandatory death penalty was unconstitutional (in the Muruatetu case referred to in this publication), it was careful to add, “For the avoidance of doubt, this decision does not outlaw the death penalty, which is still applicable as a discretionary maximum punishment.” It also stated, “It is not in dispute that Article 26 (3) of the Constitution permits the deprivation of life within the confines of the law.” This is not a court anticipating declaring the death penalty as such unconstitutional in the near future, which takes us back to Parliament, where over the years there have been several attempts to have the death penalty removed from Kenya’s statutes but with little support from parliamentarians.In 1994, Kiraitu Murungi (now Governor of Meru County) moved a motion in the National Assembly for the removal of the death penalty from the Penal Code, on the basis that it had not been effective to prevent crime, as well as being “a legacy of the dark ages of man’s history and man’s inhumanity to man” and that it is “barbaric and savage”. Mr Murungi returned to the issue in 2000, this time referring to the death penalty as “a symbol of savagery and primitive colonial past”. In 2007, a motion was moved seeking to introduce an amendment to the Penal Code to remove the death penalty but was clearly defeated.During the constitution making process, the initial draft, in 2002, by the Constitution Kenyan Review Commission, included abolition of the death penalty.However, during the National Constitutional Conference, which considered that draft, the reference to abolition disappeared. Interestingly the Minister of Justice at the time (Martha Karua) later said that 7her Ministry had put a strong case for abolition to the Conference, but that it had been rejected by the delegates. As chair of that Conference, I cannot now recall from which section of delegates (MPs or others) those objections came. When the constitution making process resumed in 2009, an Assistant Minister said in Parliament (as recorded in Hansard) that the Government intended to push for abolition in the new constitution. But the first two drafts by the Committee of Experts, which carried out this revived process, included only a clause prohibiting ‘arbitrary deprivation of life’. It appears that either government had not made its push for abolition, or the Committee rejected it.The current language – “except to the extent authorised by this Constitution or other written law” – was introduced by a com [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/kenya-part-two/ ) [442] => Array ( [objectID] => 19195 [title] => The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice, Part One – A Public Ready to Accept Abolition [timestamp] => 1655251200 [date] => 15/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-kenya-a-punishment-that-has-died-out-in-practice-part-one-a-public-ready-to-accept-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2021, The Death Penalty Project and the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, in partnership with the Australian National University commissioned Prof. Carolyn Hoyle, Director of The Death Penalty Research Unit, at the University of Oxford, to undertake research in order to provide accurate data on attitudes towards the death penalty in Kenya and facilitate a constructive conversation on the future of capital punishment. The research examined the views of both the general public in Kenya and also opinion formers, those considered influential in shaping, and responding to, national views.Key findings: - 40% in favour of abolishing the death penalty, 10% did not know either way - 51% in favour of retaining the death penalty, only 32% strongly in favour - Those against the death penalty believed that criminals deserved the opportunity for rehabilitation. - Knowledge of the death penalty appears to be limited, just 66% were aware Kenya retains the death penalty and just 21% knew no executions had take place in the past 10 years - The public expressed concerns around the possibility that innocent people could be sentenced to death: 61% of the public – including retentionists – thought that ‘many’ or ‘some’ innocent people have been sentenced to death in Kenya; only 8% thought that ‘no innocent people have been sentenced to death’ - Public support fell from 51% to 31% when considering abolition in the region 59% of the public, who were initially in favour of retention, said that they would accept a new policy of abolition [texte] => The Death Penalty in Kenya: A Punishment that has Died Out in Practice Part One: A Public Ready to Accept AbolitionCarolyn Hoylewith the assistance of Diana Batchelor© 2022 Th e authorsAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or anyinformation storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors.Copies of this report may be obtained from:Th e Death Penalty Project87-91 Newman StreetLondonW1T 3EYwww.deathpenaltyproject.organdKenya National Commission on Human Rights P.O. Box 74359-002001st Floor, CVS Plaza, Lenana Road NairobiKenya ISBN Number: 978-1-9996417-7-1We wish to acknowledge the support of, and partnership with the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) and the Australian National University (ANU). In particular, we would like to thank Dr Bernard Mogesa, CEO, and Samson Omondi, Senior Human Rights Offi cer, who did so much to ensure the project activities could be completed and who provided helpful input throughout. Th ank you also to Raphael Mulwa and the team at Infotrack Research and Consulting, for conducting the fi eldwork based on the research instrument designed by Dr Mai Sato. We are also very grateful to Professor Carolyn Hoyle, Director of the Death Penalty Research Unit, University of Oxford, who we commissioned to write the report, and to Dr Diana Batchelor, who analysed the data and supported the author, and provided valuable assistance.Th is study was made possible by funds awarded to Th e Death Penalty Project from the European Union and the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Offi ce. Th e contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Th e Death Penalty and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the European Union or the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Offi ce.ContentsEDITOR’S PREFACE..................................................................................................... 6FOREWORD .................................................................................................................. 8KEY FINDINGS............................................................................................................ 10PART ONE: The purpose of the study .............................................................................. 131.1 The context........................................................................................................................ 141.2 Research design and methods ........................................................................................... 161.2.1 Survey design .................................................................................................................... 161.2.2 Data collection .................................................................................................................. 171.2.3 Sample............................................................................................................................... 171.2.4 Generalisability and inferences.......................................................................................... 18PART TWO: The findings ............................................................................................... 212.1 Death penalty support....................................................................................................... 222.1.1 A majority against executions............................................................................................ 232.2 Knowledge about the death penalty in Kenya ................................................................... 232.2.1 Personal connection and concern about the death penalty ................................................ 242.2.2 Level of knowledge about the death penalty ..................................................................... 242.2.3 The relationship between concern and knowledge and support for abolition .................... 252.3 Reasons for supporting abolition or retention ................................................................... 262.4 Views on crime and the scope of the death penalty........................................................... 282.4.1 Views on crime and justice................................................................................................ 282.4.2 Views on serious crimes and vulnerable offenders............................................................. 322.5 Malleability of opinions..................................................................................................... 352.5.1 Trust in the government and fairness................................................................................ 352.5.2 Support for capital punishment in practice ....................................................................... 362.5.3 Factors that shift opinions................................................................................................. 382.6 Potential reactions to abolition.......................................................................................... 39PART THREE: Conclusion ............................................................................................ 43APPENDIX A: Predicting support for abolition (binary logistic regression analysis) .......... 47APPENDIX B: Survey instrument................................................................................... 51ABOUT THE AUTHOR............................................................................................... 69Author’s acknowledgements The Death Penalty Project commissioned the University of Oxford to produce this report as part of a wider programme of research on the death penalty in Kenya. It has been done in association with its partner organisation: the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights. Its support and expertise have been invaluable, from the conception of this work through the design of the study, and in the preparation of this report. The research instrument was designed by Dr Mai Sato, of the Australian National University, and the data collected with the assistance of Infotrak Research and Consulting. I then analysed the data based on that survey, with valuable assistance from Dr Diana Batchelor.In writing the report, I benefited, in particular, from the knowledge of death penalty laws and practices, and wider jurisdictional information, provided by Samson Omondi, of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, and expertise provided by The Death Penalty Project. This survey builds on, and contributes to, a series of similar projects commissioned by The Death Penalty Project and conducted in Trinidad & Tobago, Malaysia, Zimbabwe and, most recently, Indonesia. In particular, the work and expertise by the late Professor Roger Hood has paved the way for a more nuanced and sophisticated method of collecting data on the public’s views on this sensitive topic, an approach that can tell us much more than the typical government surveys. Thanks are due to Parvais Jabbar and Saul Lehrfreund, Co-Executive Directors of The Death Penalty Project, for their continued commitment to excellence in research, and for recognising the value of collaborations with NGOs and legal charities, and civil society more widely, and with academics in those countries in which they work. Parvais Jabbar guided the progress of the project, with dedicated support from his team. Carolyn Hoyle Oxford, March 2022 7Editor’s preface As the majority of the world’s countries continue steadfast on a path towards the abolition of the death penalty, there remains a significant cohort that retain capital punishment, yet are classified by the United Nations as de facto abolitionists; having not carried out an execution for more than 10 years. Kenya sits among them and, far exceeding the 10-year minimum, has not carried out an execution since 1987.In addition to its three decades without an execution, further positive steps to restrict the application of the death penalty have been taken; in 2017, Kenya’s Supreme Court declared the mandatory death penalty unconstitutional [Muruatetu & Mwangi v Republic, 2017] and several leaders have used mass commutations – including 4,000 in 2009 under President Mwai Kibaki, and 2,747 prisoners in 2016, under incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta – to sporadically clear the country’s death rows, after acknowledging the psychological trauma and anguish experienced by those who have served long periods under sentence of death.Many of Kenya’s progressive politicians have affirmed their commitment to human rights and voiced a desire to see the death penalty abolished, yet persistently cite public support as justification for its preservation – upholding the belief that abolition can only be attained through public consensus. To date, the evidence guiding such penal policy has been binary, using simple ‘for or against’ polling that maintains the status quo and a belief that most citizens strongly support the retention of capital punishment.For more than 15 years, The Death Penalty Project has commissioned, published, and supported independent academic research on attitudes towards the death penalty around the world, examining how support for – or opposition to – the death penalty changes in light of new information and realistic case scenarios, as well as examining what advantages people presume the death penalty to have over other non-irrevocable and more proportionate punishments. Rigorous empirical studies, such as the one carried out by Professor Carolyn Hoyle in Kenya, provide critical insight and analysis that reflects the complexity of public opinion, and challenges misconceptions around perceived resistance to abolition.The study, the first of its kind in Kenya, found that 51% – a tiny majority – support the retention of the death penalty, with only 32% strongly in favour. This is a lower percentag [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/kenya-part-one-a-public-ready-to-accept-abolition/ ) [443] => Array ( [objectID] => 19171 [title] => Death Penalty in Iran: Sharp Increase in Executions [timestamp] => 1654819200 [date] => 10/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/report-death-penalty-iran-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => An alarming situation On 28 April 2022, Iran Human Rights (IHR) and Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM) released their 14th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, revealing an increase in the number of executions in 2021. At least 333 people were executed and 83,5% of these executions were not announced by […] [texte] => An alarming situation On 28 April 2022, Iran Human Rights (IHR) and Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM) released their 14th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, revealing an increase in the number of executions in 2021. At least 333 people were executed and 83,5% of these executions were not announced by the authorities. The number of executions in 2021 is significantly higher than the numbers recorded in 2020 (267 people executed), 2019 and 2018.The launch of the report raises awareness on Iran’s worrying situation and comes at a time during which, after the election of President Ebrahim Raissi in June 2021, Iran has continued and increased its use of the death penalty as a tool of repression against many opponents.Increased use of the death penalty for drug offenses, for women and for minorities (Baluch people)At least 126 people were executed for drug-related offences in 2021 which is an alarming rise in the implementation of death sentences for drug offences that has increased fivefold in comparison to the previous three years. Even though none of the executions were reported by official sources, IHR sources confirmed each one.As per the report, at least two juvenile offenders were executed, and the number of executions of people from ethnic minorities continued to rise in 2021, 70 people from the Baluchi minority were executed, which is 21% of the total number of executions in 2021. Today, Iran has the highest number of executions after China, and is one of the world’s top executioners of women. The report shows that at least 17 women were executed in 2021, that number nearly doubled compared to last year, however only two of those executions were reported by official sources. On World Day Against the Death Penalty, IHR published a 12-year analysis of “Women and the Death Penalty in Iran”, which provides further information and background on this issue. Positive key facts to keep in mindFor thefirst time in over 15 years, no public executions were reported and at least 705 people sentenced to death on murder charges have been pardoned by the families of murder victims under "qisas" laws. It is also important to note that public support for the death penalty has declined significantly in Iran according to Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, director of IHR. The launch of the report as an opportunity to raise awareness It remains important to call on the international community to put pressure on the Iranian government. Commenting on the report ECPM Director, Raphael Chenuil-Hazan said: In a recent Resolution, the European Parliament urged the EU to raise human rights violations in its bilateral relations with Iran. Any negotiations between the West and Iran must include the death penalty on top of its agenda. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [444] => Array ( [objectID] => 19124 [title] => 2021 World Day Report [timestamp] => 1654819200 [date] => 10/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2021-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2021, the World Coalition and abolitionists around the world celebrated the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty (‘World Day’). Every year on World Day, the World Coalition highlights one problematic aspect of the Death Penalty. In 2021, the World Day explored the theme “Women sentenced to death, an invisible reality” to raise awareness on how the treatment of gender and gender-based inequalities create particularly precarious conditions for women sentenced to capital punishment. This report presents the activities organised for the 19th World Day and the media coverage it received. [texte] => 12021 REPORT2021 WORLD DAY REPORT2Why have a World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women who are facing the death penalty, who have been sentenced to death, who have been executed, as well as those who have been pardoned or found innocent?The aim of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (‘World Coalition’) is to reinforce the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to achieve universal abolition of the death penalty. In countries where the death penalty is still applied, the World Coalition is working to reduce its use, specifically by invoking the respect for international standards. Since the creation of the World Coalition in 2002, significant progress towards the universal abolition of the death penalty has been achieved. Numerous states that had maintained the death penalty have abolished it in practice or have restricted its use.On 10 October 2021, the World Coalition and abolitionists around the world celebrated the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty (‘World Day’). Every year on World Day, the World Coalition highlights one problematic aspect of the Death Penalty. In 2021, the World Day explored the theme “Women and the death penalty, an invisible reality” to:1) Draw attention to the gender-based discrimination and intersectional discrimination that confront women facing the death penalty during in the lead-up to the offense, investigation, trial, sentencing and appeal phases. Extensive discrimination based on sex and gender, often coupled with other elements of identity, such as age, sexual orientation, disability, and race expose women to intersecting forms of structural inequalities. Such prejudices can weigh heavily on sentencing, including when women are stereotyped as an evil mother, a witch, or a femme fatale. This discrimination can also lead to critical mitigating factors not being considered during arrest and trial, such as being subjected to gender-based violence and abuse; 2) Highlight the gaps in the information available on the number and status of women who have been sentenced to death, executed, had their death sentences commuted or pardoned; 3) Recall that women on death row face unique challenges due to their specific needs, such as lack of gender-sensitive medical care and hygiene products, and threats of genderbased violence. This 19th World Day on Women and the death penalty is the opportunity to show how gender creates particularly precarious conditions for women sentenced to capital punishment.3Table of ContentsI. The impact of COVID-19 on the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty ...................................... 41. Remote Events Statistics versus In-person Events.......................................................................... 42. Examples of Significantly Modified Events due to the COVID-19 pandemic................................... 4II. Main objective: Raising Awareness of the Discrimination Against Women and the Consequences that this Discrimination can have on the Pronouncement of the Death Penalty ................................... 51. Institutional Resonance of the 2021 World Day ............................................................................. 52. Awareness-Raising Work Undertaken by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty ............ 63. Media Coverage of the 2021 WD .................................................................................................... 64. Social Media Coverage of the 2021 World Day............................................................................... 9III. Supporting Advocacy in Favor of Abolition by Creating and Sharing Mobilization Tools.................. 91. Creating and Sharing Tools for the World Day................................................................................ 92. Tool Distribution for World Day .................................................................................................... 103. Campaign on WhatsApp................................................................................................................ 11IV. Encouraging the Organization of Local Initiatives and Strengthening Abolitionist Society............. 111. Breakdown of World Day Events in a Range of Countries and Regions........................................ 112. Worldwide Mobilization to Raise Awareness on the Death Penalty ............................................ 12Americas........................................................................................................................................ 13Asia ................................................................................................................................................ 13Europe ........................................................................................................................................... 14Middle East and North Africa ........................................................................................................ 14Sub-Saharan Africa ........................................................................................................................ 15V. Working with Human Rights Organizations, Feminist Groups, etc that Support Abolition of the Death Penalty as a Means for Equality for All....................................................................................... 15VI. Annexes............................................................................................................................................ 161. About the World Coalition ............................................................................................................ 162. Link to list of all members ............................................................................................................. 164I. The impact of COVID-19 on the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty1. Remote Events Statistics versus In-person EventsIn 2021, despite the serious challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, various events commemorating World Day Against the Death Penalty were held around the globe. World Day 2021 recorded a total of 741 events, a significant increase compared to the 574 events listed for World Day 2020. The increased participation demonstrates that organizations and institutions have adjusted to the present pandemic and have continued to raise-awareness for World Day.On the 19th World Day, there were morein-person events than the previous year, as shown in graph number 2. While the number of in-person events has not returned to pre-pandemic levels, there is an indication that organizations are cautiously resuming in-person activities while still adhering to COVID-19 public health and security rules, which shows an overall improvement. 2. Examples of Significantly Modified Events due to the COVID-19 pandemicWhile the World Day celebrated in 2021 was not as limited as the World Day celebrated in 2020, there were still some restrictions in place. Certain organizations adapted to the challenge, but significantly less than those reported in 2020.The Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) affirmed that their actions were somewhat impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. As they highlighted in their polled response to World Day activities, “Most of the activities that were to be implemented by a group of people were limited to 1 or 2 people, accessing prisons was limited too.”The Collective of Youth Solidarity Organisations in Congo-Kinshasa DRC (COJESKI-RDC) stated in the same pollthat “Out of respect for social distancing for the prevention against COVID-19, we were forced to limit the number of participants in [our] workshop to 35 people."Graph 1Graph 25The Italian Federation for Human Rights (FIDU) also admitted organizing online activities because of the COVID19 pandemic. II. Main objective: Raising Awareness of the Discrimination Against Women and the Consequences that this Discrimination can have on the Pronouncement of the Death Penalty1. Institutional Resonance of the 2021 World DayThe main objective of World Day 2021 was to raise awareness on how the treatment of gender and gender-based inequalities create particularly precarious conditions for women sentenced to capital punishment. Several intergovernmental and international organizations publicly expressed, in several languages, their opposition to the death penalty on World Day, contributing to an international resonance. The awareness-raising and information spreading activities conducted before World Day 2021 by the World Coalition towards institutional representatives bore result. Every year, new steps are taken towards the abolition of the death penalty worldwide. On October 8, Sierra Leone formally abolished the death penalty. During a ceremony in the capital Freetown, the President of Sierra Leone Julius Bio declared that the West African country had “exorcised horrors of a cruel past” after a long campaign to end capital punishment. On the World Day Against the Death Penalty, the Working Group on the Death Penalty and Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions in Africa of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) issued a statement1 on the theme of the World Day and the situation of the death penalty in States Parties to the ACHPR.Ahead of the European Day Against the Death Penalty also on 10 October, the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Marija Pejčinović Burić, and the European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell, issued a joint declaration reaffirming the two organisations’ firm opposition to capital punishment in all circumstances. This statement is translated into five languages.The national government of many abolitionist countries such as Italy, Canada, Slovenia, Australia, Yemen and many more released publications expressing their commitment to the abolitionist cause on World Day 2021. For instance, the Belgian Minist [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/EN_World-Day-2021-Report_v1.0_final-with-annexes.pdf ) [445] => Array ( [objectID] => 19107 [title] => Burundi: Promising advocacy workshop for the ratification of the abolitionist treaty [timestamp] => 1654819200 [date] => 10/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/burundi-promising-advocacy-workshop-for-the-ratification-of-the-abolitionist-treaty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/advocacy-workshop-burundi-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On April 25, 2022, the Burundian Prison Observatory (BPO) organized a one-day advocacy workshop on the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (OP2-ICCPR) with the support of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => On April 25, 2022, the Burundian Prison Observatory (BPO) organized a one-day advocacy workshop on the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (OP2-ICCPR) with the support of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. (more…) "Burundi: Promising advocacy workshop for the ratification of the abolitionist treaty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [446] => Array ( [objectID] => 19090 [title] => Public opinion supportive of the abolition [timestamp] => 1654819200 [date] => 10/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/public-opinion-and-the-road-to-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/31st-session-commission-on-crime-prevention-side-event-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The 31st Session of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice of the ODC took place in Vienna from the 16th to the 20th of May 2022. At this occasion, the Japan Federation of Bar Associations organized a side-event: “Abolishing the Death Penalty: Public Opinion and the Road to Abolition”, which was held online […] [texte] => The 31st Session of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice of the ODC took place in Vienna from the 16th to the 20th of May 2022. At this occasion, the Japan Federation of Bar Associations organized a side-event: “Abolishing the Death Penalty: Public Opinion and the Road to Abolition”, which was held online on the 20th of May. (more…) "Public opinion supportive of the abolition" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France [1] => Japan [2] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [447] => Array ( [objectID] => 19048 [title] => 71st Ordinary session of the African Commission: focus on torture and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1654732800 [date] => 09/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-71st-ordinary-session-of-achpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ACHPR-71st-Ordinary-Session-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The African Commission on Human Rights and People (ACHPR) once again met on Zoom for its 71st Ordinary session from April 21st to May 13th, 2022. The honorable Rémy Ngoy Lumbu, President of the Commission, has expressed his hopes for the next session to take place in person in Banjul this autumn. [texte] => The African Commission on Human Rights and People (ACHPR) once again met on Zoom for its 71st Ordinary session from April 21st to May 13th, 2022. The honorable Rémy Ngoy Lumbu, President of the Commission, has expressed his hopes for the next session to take place in person in Banjul this autumn. (more…) "71st Ordinary session of the African Commission: focus on torture and the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic [1] => Congo [2] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [3] => Kenya [4] => Malawi [5] => Mauritania [6] => Niger [7] => Nigeria [8] => Sierra Leone [9] => Tunisia [10] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [448] => Array ( [objectID] => 19070 [title] => Joint statement for the 71st Ordinary Session of the African Commission [timestamp] => 1654732800 [date] => 09/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-statement-71st-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Joint statement on the situation of the death penalty in Africa for the 71st Ordinary Session of the African Commission, signed by the FIACAT, ECPM and the World coalition. [texte] => Joint statement on the situation of the death penalty in Africa for the 71st Ordinary Session of the African Commission, signed by the FIACAT, ECPM and the World coalition. (more…) "Joint statement for the 71st Ordinary Session of the African Commission" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo [1] => Côte d'Ivoire [2] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [3] => Kenya [4] => Liberia [5] => Malawi [6] => Niger [7] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [449] => Array ( [objectID] => 18958 [title] => Executions on the rise, but progress toward abolition in 2021 [timestamp] => 1654732800 [date] => 09/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/annual-report-death-penalty-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/amnesty-report-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 24 May, Amnesty International published their annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows the overall sentences and executions in 2021 Global figures Amnesty International recorded 579 executions in 18 countries in 2021, an increase of 20% from the 483 recorded in 2020. Despite these increases, the 2021 global executions figure constitutes the second-lowest figure recorded […] [texte] => On 24 May, Amnesty International published their annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows the overall sentences and executions in 2021Global figuresAmnesty International recorded 579 executions in 18 countries in 2021, an increase of 20% from the 483 recorded in 2020. Despite these increases, the 2021 global executions figure constitutes the second-lowest figure recorded by Amnesty International since at least 2010. For the second consecutive year, the number of countries known to have executed people was the lowest the organization has recorded. In 2019, 2020 and 2021 Amnesty International recorded 657, 483 and 579 executions respectively.Amnesty International did not record any executions in India, Qatar and Taiwan, having done so in 2020.In July, Sierra Leone’s parliament unanimously adopted an Act which abolishes the death penalty for all crimes. Kazakhstan adopted legislation in December abolishing the death penalty for all crimes, which came into effect this year. Papua New Guinea embarked on a national consultation on the death penalty, which resulted in the adoption of an abolition Bill in January 2022, still to come into force. The Government of Malaysia announced that it would table legislative reforms on the death penalty in the third quarter of 2022.At the end of 2021, more than two thirds of the world’s countries had abolished the death penalty in law or practice. 108 countries, a majority of the world’s states, had abolished the death penalty in law for all crimes and 144 countries had abolished the death penalty in law or practice. 55 countries still retained the death penalty.Amnesty International recorded commutations or pardons of death sentences in 19 countries: Bangladesh, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, UAE, USA, Zambia and Zimbabwe.Amnesty International recorded seven exonerations of people under sentence of death in four countries: Bahrain (1), Kenya (1), USA (2) and Zambia (3).Gambia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, the Russian Federation and Tajikistan continued to observe official moratoriums on executions.Read the full report. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [450] => Array ( [objectID] => 18985 [title] => World Day Poster 2022 [timestamp] => 1654732800 [date] => 09/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-poster-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 20th World Day on "Torture and the death penalty". [texte] => 10 OCTOBER 202220TH WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgDEATH PENALTY:A ROAD PAVEDWITH TORTURE [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/EN_WDPoster2022-BD-website.pdf ) [451] => Array ( [objectID] => 18961 [title] => Mobilization Kit World Day 2022 [timestamp] => 1654732800 [date] => 09/06/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-world-day-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the 20th year in a row, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is calling for local initiatives and world-wide actions that shine a spotlight on the abolition of the death penalty. The goal of this Mobilization Kit is to inform of this year’s objectives as well provide ideas of activities that boost the global abolitionist goal. This year's World Day is dedicated to people who, during the process of being sentenced to death, or following the sentence of their death, have been victims of torture. [texte] => For the 20th year in a row, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is calling for local initiatives and world-wide actions that shine a spotlight on the abolition of the death penalty. The goal of this Mobilization Kit is to inform of this year’s objectives as well provide ideas of activities that boost the global abolitionist goal.The World Day Against the Death Penalty (10 October) is aimed at political leaders and public opinion in both retentionist and abolitionist countries. The meaning of abolition and of justice without capital punishment needs to be maintained and shared, particularly for future generations. This day also unifies the abolitionist movement and gives global support to the sometimes-isolated action taken by its abolitionists on the ground. It encourages and consolidates the political and general awareness of the movement against the death penalty.This year's World Day is dedicated to people who, during the process of being sentenced to death, or following the sentence of their death, have been victims of torture.Mobilization Kit20th World Day Against the Death Penalty10 October 2022Torture and the Death Penalty For more information, go to: www.worldcoalition.org2TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................... 2[1] PRESENTATION ................................................................................ 4The main objectives of the World Day 2022 ................................................... 4[2] ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY ............................... 4................................................................................................................ 4[3] ORGANIZE EVENTS ! ........................................................................ 610 things you can do to end the death penalty ............................................. 610 practical worksheets to help you! ............................................................... 7(1) HOW TO ORGANIZE A DEMONSTRATION? .................................................. 7(2) ORGANIZE A GATHERING ON A VIDEOCONFERENCE PLATFORM . 7(3) COLLABORATE WITH MINORITY GROUP’S RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS ................................................................................................................... 8(4) HOW TO ORGANIZE A FILM FESTIVAL ON THE DEATH PENALTY? 8(5) HOW TO ORGANIZE A [VIRTUAL] ART EXHIBITION? ............................. 9(6) HOW TO PROMOTE THE WORLD DAY ON SOCIAL MEDIA? ................. 9(7) HOW TO WRITE A PRESS RELEASE? ............................................................. 10(8) HOW TO GUARANTEE GOOD MEDIA COVERAGE FOR YOUR EVENTS? ................................................................................................................................... 11(9) HOW TO LEAD AN AWARENESS CAMPAIGN VIA TV/RADIO SHOW11(10) HOW TO GET IN CONTACT WITH OR VISIT AN INMATE ON DEATH ROW............................................................................................................................................. 1210 Tips for a successful event! ......................................................................12[4] WORLD DAY TOOLS YOU CAN USE ............................................... 13[5] ADDITIONAL MATERIALS .............................................................. 13Website on the death penalty ............................................................................13Selection ...................................................................................................................14Non-fiction .................................................................................................................................... 14Fictions ......................................................................................................................................... 14Videos ........................................................................................................................................... 15Art exhibitions and Artworks...................................................................................................... 153[6] JOIN US ! ........................................................................................ 16The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty ...........................................16Join the movement for the universal of the abolition of the death penalty! .....................................................................................................................16[7] CONTACT US ! ................................................................................ 16Secretariat of the World Coalition: ................................................................................16For further information: .................................................................................................164[1] PRESENTATIONThe main objectives of the World Day 2022While several methods of execution have been qualified by their nature as torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading punishment by the Human Rights Council in its General Comment No. 36, the link between torture and the death penalty is not limited to the execution itself. There are other aspects of the death penalty that may amount to torture, and they occur at any time in the proceedings: before, during and after the sentence. These types of tortures are various, and they are not always limited to the condemned persons themselves: Whether physical, sexual, or psychological, torture can be used to obtain confessions that are then used to charge individuals and sentence them to death. Death row syndrome regularly includes physical and/or psychological torture, in addition to the often precarious conditions of detention of death row inmates. Isolation, overcrowding, and risk of suicide are common on death row. The anticipation of execution and death is also a form of psychological torture. Family members of victims, family members of those sentenced to death, and other persons who have relationships with those who are sentenced to death are also subjected to a form of psychological torture.The main objective of the 2022 World Day is to raise public awareness around how the death penalty can amount to torture and build consensus that the definition of torture should be understood to include practices in connection with the death penalty. From a broader perspective, it aims to convince that the death penalty should be abolished as an unjust and arbitrary response to crime.To do so, the World Coalition and its member organizations have identified specific objectives. This World Day is about supporting abolitionist activities by sharing arguments, figures, and information, sharing testimonies of survivors, executed persons and witnesses of inhuman, cruel and degrading experiences amounting to torture in the context of capital punishment. It also wants to support working with human rights organizations fighting for the abolition of torture to develop the abolitionist community.[2] ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYNo State should have the power to take a person’s lifeIt is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from judicial error and innocent people are likely to be sentenced to death or executed.It is unfair. The death penalty is applied discriminatorily and is often used disproportionately against people who are poor, people with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, and members of racial and ethnic minority groups. In some places, the imposition of the death penalty is used to target groups based on sexual orientation, gender identity, political opinion, or religion.It is inhuman, cruel, and degrading. Conditions on death row and the anguish of facing execution inflict extreme psychological and physical suffering, and execution is a physical and mental assault.It denies any possibility of rehabilitation.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)5It is applied overwhelmingly in violation of international standards. It breaches the principles of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that everyone has the right to life and that no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. On seven occasions, the United Nations General Assembly has called for the establishment of a moratorium on the use of the death penalty (resolutions No. 62/149 in 2007, No. 63/168 in 2008, No. 65/206 in 2010, 67/176 in 2012, No. 69/186 in 2014, No. 71/187 in 2016 and No. 73/175 in 2018 and No. 75/183 in 2020).It creates unjustifiable pain for everyone in contact with it: particularly the relatives of the person sentenced to death, including children, with harsh transgenerational consequences.It is counterproductive, because by instituting the killing of a human being as a criminal solution, the death penalty endorses the idea of murder more than it fights it.It is inefficient and does not keep society safer. It has never been conclusively shown that the death penalty deters crime more effectively than life imprisonment.Not all murder victims’ families want the death penalty. A large and growing number of crime victims’ families worldwide reject the death penalty and are speaking out against it, saying it does not bring back or honor their murdered family member, does not heal the pain of the murder, and violates their ethical and religious beliefs..(7)(8)(9)(10)(6)6[3] ORGANIZE EVENTS !Below are suggestions to spark ideas for taking action during this World Day!Wherever you are – in Africa, in the Americas, in Asia, in Oceania or in Europe –Whoever you are – artists, citizens, elected representatives, journalists, lawyers, members of Parliament, NGOs, teachers, religious leaders-Whatever your project is – concerts, cultural and educational activities, debates, demonstrations, press conferences!10 things you can do to end the death penaltyAny public event should be approached with caution considering the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic - pl [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/WD2022Kit-de-mobilisation_EN_v1.pdf ) [452] => Array ( [objectID] => 18804 [title] => Amnesty International Global Report : Death Sentences and Executions 2021 [timestamp] => 1653436800 [date] => 25/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 2021 saw a worrying rise in executions and death sentences as some of the world’s most prolific executioners returned to business as usual and courts were unshackled from Covid-19 restrictions, Amnesty International said today in its annual review of the death penalty. [texte] => DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL REPORT Index: ACT 50/5418/2022Original language: English© Amnesty International 2022Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcodeFor more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.orgWhere material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence.First published in 2022 by Amnesty International LtdPeter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UKamnesty.org Amnesty International is a movement of 10 million people which mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaigns for change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our vision is of a world where those in power keep their promises, respect international law and are held to account. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarity and compassion with people everywhere can change our societies for the better. 3 DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021Amnesty InternationalCONTENTSEXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2021 4AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY 6THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2021 7GLOBAL TRENDS 7EXECUTIONS 9METHODS OF EXECUTIONS IN 2021 11DEATH SENTENCES 12COMMUTATIONS, PARDONS AND EXONERATIONS 14USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 14REGIONAL OVERVIEWS 16AMERICAS 16ASIA-PACIFIC 26EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 38MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 40SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 51ANNEX I: RECORDED EXECUTIONS AND DEATH SENTENCES IN 2021 60RECORDED EXECUTIONS IN 2021 60RECORDED DEATH SENTENCES IN 2021 61ANNEX II: ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2021 62ANNEX III: RATIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2021 64DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021 AMNESTY INTERNATIONALDEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL4003503002502001501005001,000s314+83+6524+ 21+ 17+ 14+ 11 9+ 5 3 3 1+ 1+ + + +EXECUTING COUNTRIES IN 2021 This map indicates the general locations of boundaries and jurisdictions and should not be interpreted as Amnesty International’s view on disputed territories. + indicates that the figure that Amnesty International has calculated is a minimum. Where + is not preceded by a number, this means that Amnesty International is confident that there was more than one execution, but it was impossible to establish a figure.5. SOMALIARecorded executions almost doubled compared to 2020.7. YEMENAll recorded executions were by the Huthi de facto authorities, and the number of people executed almost tripled.9. SOUTH SUDANRecorded executions rose more than fourfold compared to 2020.1. CHINAContinued to execute and sentence to death thousands of people but kept figures secret.2. IRANHighest number of recorded executions since 2017 largely due to an increase linked to drug-related offences.4. SAUDI ARABIARecorded executions more than doubled compared to 2020.3. EGYPTRecorded executions dropped by 22%, but death penalty continued to be imposed in grossly unfair proceedings and carried out in mass executions.6. IRAQRecorded executions fell by 62% but known death sentences rose more than threefold from 2020.8. USAExecutions dropped to the lowest number on record since 1988 and federal administration established a temporary moratorium on executions.10. NORTH KOREADeath penalty likely to be used at sustained rate, but impossible to independently verify. 11. VIET NAMSecrecy made it impossible to assess the full resort to state killings. 78% of all known death sentences imposed for drug-related offences. The 11 countries numbered on the map have persistently executed people in the past five years (2017-2021).CHINAIRAN EGYPT SAUDI ARABIA SYRIA SOMALIA IRAQYEMENUSASOUTH SUDAN BANGLADESH BOTSWANA JAPAN BELARUSUAENORTH KOREA OMAN VIET NAM6 DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021Amnesty InternationalAMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYThis report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2021. As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures; court judgements; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives; media reports; and, for a limited number of countries, as specified, other civil society organizations. Where official information is not already public, Amnesty International writes to the relevant authorities to request information about the extent of their use of the death penalty. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countries governments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. In China and Viet Nam, data on the use of the death penalty is classified as a state secret. During 2021 little or no information was available on a few other countries – in particular Belarus, Laos and North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) – due to restrictive state practice. Therefore, for many countries, Amnesty International’s figures on the use of the death penalty are minimum figures. The true overall figures are often likely to be higher. Where the organization obtains official information from the authorities on a specific country in a given year, this is noted in the report. In 2009 Amnesty International stopped publishing its estimated figures on the use of the death penalty in China, a decision that reflected concerns about how the Chinese authorities misrepresented Amnesty International’s numbers. Amnesty International always made clear that the figures it was able to publish on China were significantly lower than the reality because of the restrictions on access to information. China has yet to publish any figures on the death penalty; however, available information indicates that each year thousands of people are executed and sentenced to death. Amnesty International renews its call on the Chinese authorities to publish information on the use of the death penalty in China.Where Amnesty International receives and is able to verify new information after publication of this report, it updates its figures online at amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penaltyIn tables and lists, where “+” appears after a figure next to the name of a country – for example, Malaysia (14+) – it means that Amnesty International confirmed 14 executions, death sentences or persons under sentence of death in Malaysia but believes that there were more than 14. Where “+” appears after a country name without a figure – for instance, Oman (+) – it means that Amnesty International has corroborated executions, death sentences or persons under sentence of death (more than one) in that country but had insufficient information to provide a credible minimum figure. When calculating global and regional totals, “+” has been counted as two, including for China.Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of the nature or circumstances of the crime; guilt, innocence or other characteristics of the individual; or the method used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization campaigns for total abolition of capital punishment. 7 DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021Amnesty InternationalTHE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2021“The death penalty system is fundamentally flawed – it is inequitable, ineffective, and it has no place in this Commonwealth or this country. Virginia has come within days of executing innocent people, and Black defendants have been disproportionately sentenced to death. Abolishing this inhumane practice is the moral thing to do.”Former Governor of Virginia Ralph S. Northam, 24 March 20211GLOBAL TRENDSIn 2021, the resort to the death penalty by a minority of states was on the rise. Through its monitoring, Amnesty International recorded an increase in global executions by 20% on the 2020 figure (from at least 483 to at least 579), while the number of known death sentences increased by almost 40% (from at least 1,477 in 2020 to at least 2,052 in 2021). These figures do not include the thousands of executions and death sentences that the organization believed were carried out and imposed in China – which remained the world’s lead executioner. Secrecy in North Korea and Viet Nam, as well as restricted access to information in several other countries, also continued to impair a full assessment of global trends. The increase in executions was primarily driven by rises in the yearly figure for Iran (from at least 246 in 2020 to at least 314 in 2021, a 28% increase), which was the highest figure on record since 2017. The spike in Iran appeared particularly for executions of people convicted of drug-related offences (132), which represented 42% of the total and constituted a more than five-fold rise from 2020 (23), despite amendments to the anti-narcotics law that came into effect in November 2017. Saudi Arabia also more than doubled its recorded 2020 total (from 27 to 65). As restrictions put in place in response to the Covid-19 pandemic were fully or partially lifted and alternative processes were established, a significantly higher number of death sentences than in 2020 was recorded in several countries, including Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Singapore reported no executions for the second consecutive year, as litigation and, to some extent, restrictions put in place in the response to the pandemic resulted in the scheduled hanging being stayed.1 Former Virginia Governor Ralph S. Northam, “Governor Northam signs law repealing death penalty in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ACT5054182022ENGLISH.pdf ) [453] => Array ( [objectID] => 18776 [title] => A Deadly Distraction, Why the Death Penalty is not the Answer to Rape in South Asia [timestamp] => 1653436800 [date] => 25/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-deadly-distraction-why-the-death-penalty-is-not-the-answer-to-rape-in-south-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since 2010, persons convicted of rape offences were executed in at least 9 countries, including India and Pakistan. Moreover, public protests against the rape epidemic, which led governments to introduce capital rape laws, illustrates the need to shine a spotlight in South Asia.The report examines the use of the death penalty for rape in four South Asian countries: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and explores ways that anti-death penalty activists can challenge this concerning trend. [texte] => 121A deadly distraction: why the death penalty is not the answer to rape in South Asia Anti-Death Penalty Asia NetworkADP Publication Sdn. Bhd. (1097496-A)C-5-22 Centum @ Oasis Corporate ParkNo: 2, Jalan PJU 1a/2, Oasis Damansara 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Tel: +0378318870Email: adpan@adpan.orgWebsite: www.adpan.orgFacebook: facebook.com/ADPANetworkTwitter: twitter.com/ADPANetworkInstagram: ADPAN NetworkEleos JusticeFaculty of Law, Monash University, Building 12, 15 Ancora Imparo Way Clayton, Victoria, 3800 AustraliaTelephone: +61 3 9902 6000Website: https://www.monash.edu/law/research/eleosTwitter: @EleosJustice Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in this report are not necessarily those held byMonash University.Sara Kowal, Scott Walker, Zaman Ashraf and Mai Sato. © AuthorsPublished by ADPAN 2022Printed in MalaysiaRevision 1.0Except where otherwise noted, content on this report is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of the license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 2AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank the civil society organisations and their extended network of professionals, academics, and activists whom we interviewed for this report. The support and assistance we received from these individuals have been invaluable. We thank Christopher Alexander, Lea Domingo-Cabarrubias, Valerie Khan, Saira Rahman Khan, Jugnoo Kazmi, Ambika Satkunanathan, Jennifer Paneth, Dobby Chew, Sarah Belal and Giada Girelli, for their assistance with the preparation of this report including their detailed feedback. We received assistance from Eleos Justice volunteers: Charlene Fernando, Zack McGuinness, Ruby Mher, Charlotte Pressley, Stefani Sharp, and Demika Tantra.We received funding from Open Society Foundations through the South Asia Middle East Network, coordinated by Harm Reduction International and from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Design & Formatting Credits: 3Table of ContentstentsFOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................................4EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................7INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................10METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................12SECTION I: COUNTRY PROFILES ....................................................................................................................14BANGLADESH................................................................................................................................................15INDIA ...........................................................................................................................................................16PAKISTAN .....................................................................................................................................................18SRI LANKA ....................................................................................................................................................19SECTION II: PENAL POPULISM: UNPACKING THE POLICY RESPONSE TO RAPE ........................................23THE ROLE OF MEDIA.......................................................................................................................................23REACTIVE POLICY MAKING AND SIDELINED EXPERTS...........................................................................................24LACK OF EVIDENCE.........................................................................................................................................27SECTION III: INTEGRITY OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM.......................................................................29RELUCTANCE TO REPORT: SOCIETAL UNDERSTANDINGS OF, AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS, SEX AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE .29POLICE HANDLING OF RAPE CASES...................................................................................................................33FORENSIC MEDICAL SERVICES..........................................................................................................................35TRIAL PROCESSES ..........................................................................................................................................38CONVICTION RATES .......................................................................................................................................43SECTION IV: EXISTING EFFORTS TO COUNTER PRO-DEATH PENALTY NARRATIVES .................................46CAMPAIGNING FOR LAW REFORM ....................................................................................................................46SENSITIVITY TRAINING AND SPECIALISED FORA ..................................................................................................49PUBLIC CAMPAIGNS .......................................................................................................................................53EDUCATION PROGRAMS .................................................................................................................................54THE DIFFICULTY IN CHALLENGING THE DEATH PENALTY FOR RAPE .......................................................................56RECOMMENDATIONS: A VICTIM-CENTRED APPROACH TO OPPOSING THE DEATH PENALTY FOR RAPE..........................................................................................................................................................................59WHY THE DEATH PENALTY IS NOT THE ANSWER TO RAPE....................................................................................59A VICTIM-CENTRED APPROACH TO OPPOSING THE DEATH PENALTY .....................................................................61APPENDIX: LIST OF INTERVIEWEES................................................................................................................66BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................................................674ForewordThe Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network and Eleos Justice have attempted to answer a fundamental question: why is the death penalty not the solution to rape in South Asia? The answer is obvious to experts in the field but the relevant governments' introduction of capital laws for rape suggests this is not the case. The report argues that capital laws for rape constitute a deadly distraction: the governments are purporting to represent public demands for justice by introducing the death penalty for rape, while at the same time excluding experts who view such legislative response as avoiding other difficult issues that need to be tackled to end rape. As a child protection and gender justice practitioner who helped build the capacities of hundreds of justice actors to counter rape, explaining why the death penalty is not the solution to rape—or any other forms of sexual violence—has always been a challenge, largely because of the lack of local evidence-based research on this topic. I was therefore not only interested but grateful to see that finally, a substantial effort to generate a rational, evidencebased, local narrative was taking shape. To understand the importance of such an initiative, it is important to recall where we are coming from.Climate change, fast digitalization, the COVID-19 pandemic, the global security crisis and growing socio-economic inequalities have significantly impacted the world. South Asia has not been immune to those negative effects. In fact, they have exacerbated developmental challenges in the region and often further fed power imbalances and unhealthy coping strategies. In the rest of the world, cases of gender-based violence have exponentially increased and disproportionately affected women and children: this phenomenon was rightly described by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Gutierrez, as the 'shadow pandemic'. Additionally, UNICEF raised an alarm on 'the worst crisis for children UNICEF has seen in its 75-year history'. In South Asia, sexual violence, and particularly rape, has been prevalent. As pointed out in this report, in recent years, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have seen an increasing number of reported rape cases, some of those making the headlines at a national, regional, or even international level. Public outcry against sexual violence led to public demand for action by the state to better protect its citizens—especially women and children who are disproportionately affected by rape. Governments have responded by introducing the death penalty and other harsh punishments for convicted rapists, so that 'deterrent effect' would be ensured, and 'justice' served. However, one cannot help but wonder what the public and victims mean by justice. Is it retributive justice? Is the death penalty justice when it is awarded via a process often marred by blatant dysfunctions? Is the death penalty justice when death row is characterized by undignified treatment? Is the death penalty justice when the perpetrator suffers from serious mental illness? The report also underlines a fundamental dilemma: even though the legal 5frameworks of four South Asian countries prescribe the death penalty as a punishment for rape, there is no evidence whatsoever of its effectiveness in reducing rape in the region. The report quotes some interviewees expressing a serious concern: might the threat of the death penalty fuel the rule of silence by triggering lethal violence against rape victims? Hence, we are bound to ask ourselves: has our res [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh [1] => India [2] => Pakistan [3] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty [1] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://adpan.org/adpan-reports/ ) [454] => Array ( [objectID] => 18736 [title] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty celebrates its 20th anniversary! [timestamp] => 1652400000 [date] => 13/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-20th-anniversary/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/coal-20-years-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => For this occasion, we wanted to give the floor to our founding member organizations. 20 years of memories, meetings, activism and fight with the hope to see one day a world without death penalty. Discover those testimonials in our newsletter. [texte] => For this occasion, we wanted to give the floor to our founding member organizations. 20 years of memories, meetings, activism and fight with the hope to see one day a world without death penalty.Discover those testimonials in our newsletter. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [455] => Array ( [objectID] => 18679 [title] => Over 8,000 people on death row in South Asia [timestamp] => 1651536000 [date] => 03/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/south-asia-death-penalty-mental-health/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/deathworthy-and-trapped-inside-reports-500x250.jpg [extrait] => With few executions but one of the biggest death rows in the world, South Asia is at a crossroad. Recent publications explore mental health on death row and social and economic background of people sentenced to death in Bangladesh, India, the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. [texte] => With few executions but one of the biggest death rows in the world, South Asia is at a crossroad. Recent publications explore mental health on death row and social and economic background of people sentenced to death in Bangladesh, India, the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. (more…) "Over 8,000 people on death row in South Asia" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh [1] => India [2] => Maldives [3] => Pakistan [4] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [456] => Array ( [objectID] => 18658 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 49th session [timestamp] => 1651536000 [date] => 03/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-un-human-rights-concil-49th-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UN-Human-Rights-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The 49th session of the UN Human Rights Council took place from 28 February to 1 April 2022. If you missed it, here’s what happened in relation to the abolition of the death penalty! [texte] => The 49th session of the UN Human Rights Council took place from 28 February to 1 April 2022. If you missed it, here’s what happened in relation to the abolition of the death penalty! (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty at the United Nations Human Rights Council 49th session" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [457] => Array ( [objectID] => 18728 [title] => European Protocol for full abolition turns 20 [timestamp] => 1651536000 [date] => 03/05/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/european-protocol-for-full-abolition-turns-20/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Today is the 20th anniversary of the adoption of Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances. [texte] => Today is the 20th anniversary of the adoption of Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances. (more…) "European Protocol for full abolition turns 20" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Armenia [1] => Azerbaijan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [458] => Array ( [objectID] => 18637 [title] => Liberian Civil Society Organize to Push for Abolition [timestamp] => 1651190400 [date] => 29/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/2022-liberian-civil-society-push-for-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/forum-liberia-2022-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 12 April 2022, Rescue Alternatives Liberia (RAL) orchestrated a one-day forum on abolition in Liberia with the support of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. The outcomes of this event were very promising, and time will tell if abolition in Liberia is near. [texte] => On 12 April 2022, Rescue Alternatives Liberia (RAL) orchestrated a one-day forum on abolition in Liberia with the support of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. The outcomes of this event were very promising, and time will tell if abolition in Liberia is near. (more…) "Liberian Civil Society Organize to Push for Abolition" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liberia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [459] => Array ( [objectID] => 18634 [title] => Annual Report on The Death Penalty In Iran 2021 [timestamp] => 1651104000 [date] => 28/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 120-page report assesses and analyses trends in death penalty practices in order to propose recommendations, tailored to the national context, and to engage in a constructive dialogue on capital punishment in the country.The death penalty situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran remains alarming with a significant increase in executions in 2021 (+25%) and an increasing number of Iranian women being executed. The number of executions has doubled after the election of Ebrahim Raeisi as President, and as the Islamic Republic and Western governments negotiate to revive the nuclear deal, also called the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). These are some of the main findings of the 14th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) and Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM) released today. [texte] => Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) and ECPM have been working together since 2011 for the international release and circulation of the Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran. IHRNGO and ECPM see the death penalty as a benchmark for the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran.Raphaël Chenuil-HazanExecutive DirectorECPM62 bis avenue Parmentier75011 Paris, Francerchenuil@ecpm.orgwww.ecpm.orgMahmood Amiry-MoghaddamDirectorIran Human RightsP.O.Box 2691 Solli0204 Oslo, Norwaymail@iranhr.netwww.iranhr.netANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2021In 2021, as the West sought to revive the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) with nuclear talks held abroad, domestically, the Islamic Republic increased its use of the death penalty. Execution numbers increased by 25% compared to 2020, and essential reforms to the Anti-Narcotics Law implemented in 2017 have reversed in practice, with a five-fold increase in drug-related executions compared to the past three years. Ethnic minorities, the Baluch in particular, were grossly overrepresented in execution numbers, and at least 2 juvenile offenders and 17 women were among those executed. Systematic torture and denial of due process, coupled with a customary lack of accountability and impunity, contribute to the continuation of this trend. With this report we call on the international community to put the situation of human rights, in particular the death penalty, on top of their agenda in any negotiations with Iran, and to establish mechanisms to hold perpetrators of gross human rights violations accountable.ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTYIN IRAN 2021ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2021© IHRNGO, ECPM, 202223 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2021ANNUAL REPORTON THEDEATH PENALTYIN IRAN2021Cover and back cover photos: Some of the people executed in 2021 in chronological order.This report has been prepared by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) with the support of ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). Since 2012, IHRNGO1 and ECPM2 have been working together for the publication, international release and circulation of the annual reports on the death penalty in Iran.Editor: L. TarighiSub-editor: Paloma de la CruzLayout: Olivier Dechaud (ECPM) Printing: Imprim’ad hoc © IHRNGO, ECPM, 2022 1 http://iranhr.net/en/ 2 http://www.ecpm.org/en/4 5 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2021TABLE OF CONTENTS7 Foreword by Mohammad Rasoulof9 Preface 11 2021 ANNUAL REPORT at a glance12 Introduction16 Sources17 Facts and Figures23 Legislative Framework23 International treaties27 Iranian law34 Procedures34 From arrest to proof of guilt43 Executions in practice43 Charges44 Executions for moharebeh, efsad-fil-arz and baghy in 202146 Executions for rape and sexual assault47 Executions for drug-related charges53 Executions for murder charges: Qisas61 Share of the Revolutionary and Criminal Courts in 2021 executions63 Public executions63 No public executions in 2021 for the first time in over a decade65 Geographic distribution of executions68 Secret and unannounced executions71 Execution categories71 Juveniles75 Women executed in 202179 Ethnic minorities81 Foreign citizens83 Suspicious deaths and extrajudicial killings in custody87 At risk of death penalty87 Protesters at risk91 Dual nationals at risk93 Juveniles at risk96 Ways to restrict the use of the death penalty in Iran96 Sustained domestic campaigning and international pressure98 Categories of the death penalty with the possibility of improvement98 Juvenile executions98 Public executions99 Qisas101 Movements promoting abolition and mobilising civil society inside Iran102 Forgiveness movement103 Repression of abolitionist activists106 Recommendations108 ANNEXES108 ANNEX 1: Executions per capita in each province (2021)109 ANNEX 2: List of resolutions, statements and reports adopted by the United Nations and European Parliament, mentioning the death penalty in Iran111 ANNEX 3: Analysis of the UPR recommendations on the death penalty in the last three cycles112 ANNEX 4: Women and the Death Penalty in Iran: a 12-year analysis6 7 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2021GLOSSARYBaghy Armed rebellion against the Islamic rulerDiya Blood moneyEfsad-fil-arz Corruption on EarthElme-qazi Knowledge of the judgeEstizan Authorisation required by the Head of Judiciary for qisas executionsFigh Islamic jurisprudenceHadd (pl. hudud) Fixed punishment for offences mandated by ShariaLavat SodomyMoharebeh Waging war against GodQadf False accusations of sodomy/fornicationQassameh Sworn oathQisas Retribution-in-kindSharia Islamic ruleTa’zir Punishment for offences at the discretion of the judgeFOREWORD BY MOHAMMAD RASOULOFPROMINENT AWARD-WINNING IRANIAN FILMMAKEROrganised and legalised killings is an apt description of the death penalty in Iran. By relying on religious-based laws, the ruling political power initially presented the death penalty as necessary, justified and ultimately, normal. A society routinely exposed to such organised violence has accepted the death penalty as a legal solution, and the death penalty has consequently become a tool of repression in the government’s hands.How can the death penalty ever be reduced to ultimate abolition if, on the one hand, it has been accepted as a legal deterrent and, on the other hand, the ruling and repressive political power will not tolerate legal reforms? No significant progress has been made in the abolition of the death penalty despite years of efforts by civil society and NGOs in Iran. NGOs who continue to fight for the abolition of the death penalty despite the means of amending the laws are being blocked and all their efforts are being repressed.Under such circumstances, raising cultural awareness is a complementary move in the campaign for the abolition of the death penalty. It can be achieved by educating and raising public awareness and by focusing on the victims of the death penalty, which include 8 9 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2021not only the people being executed but also their wider circle. It is also crucial to consider and focus on the chain of people involved in operating the death penalty.Employees at the relevant agencies, as well as military forces, judicial officers, prosecutors, judges and many others who are directly or indirectly involved in the implementation of the death penalty, are not sufficiently aware of the important role they play in this system and see their role as insignificant and ineffective. They need to learn to accept personal responsibility as part of this chain. It is essential for this group to be directly or indirectly educated by abolitionists so that they may have the courage to engage in overt or covert disobedient action.Mohammad Rasoulof, IranPREFACE The 14th Annual Report on the Death Penalty by Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) and Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) provides an assessment and analysis of death penalty trends in 2021 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2021, the trend compared to previous years, the legislative framework and procedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions. Lists of the female and juvenile offenders executed in 2021 are also included in the tables.The report also looks at the abolitionist movement within Iran, including the forgiveness movement and its contribution to reducing the use of the death penalty, and provides analyses and recommendations on how the international community can contribute to limiting the scope of the death penalty in Iran. The 2021 report is the result of extensive work from IHRNGO members and supporters who took part in reporting, documenting, collecting, analysing and writing its contents. We are especially grateful to IHRNGO sources inside Iran who, by reporting on unannounced and secret executions in the prisons of 26 different provinces, incur a significant risk. Due to the very difficult context, the lack of transparency and the obvious risks and limitations that human rights defenders face in the Islamic Republic of Iran, this report does not by any means give a complete picture of the use of the death penalty in Iran. There are reported executions which are not included in this report due to a lack of sufficient details or an inability to confirm cases through two different sources. Nevertheless, the report aims to provide the most complete and realistic figures possible in the present circumstances.3 The current report does not include suspicious deaths of prisoners or those killed under torture.ECPM supported the elaboration, editing process, publishing and distribution of this report in the framework of its international advocacy work against the death penalty. The problems of transparency on the data and information about the death penalty in Iran should be overcome by a strong distribution and dissemination strategy. The overall objectives of this report for 3 See “Sources” section below.10 11 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2021IHRNGO and ECPM are to shed light on and publish the facts in order to change national and international views on the situation of the death penalty in Iran, the world’s top executioner.44 Per capita.2021ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE• At least 333 people were executed in 2021, a 25% increase compared to 267 in 2020. • 55 executions (16.5%) were announced by official sources, compared to an average of 33% in 2018–2020.• 83.5% of all executions included in the 2021 report (278 executions in total) were not announced by the authorities.• At least 183 executions (55% of all executions) were for murder charges.• At least 126 executions (38%) were for drug-related charges, compared to 25 (10%) in 2020.• None of the drug-related executions were reported by official sources.• For the first time in more than 15 years, no public executions were reported.• At least 2 juvenile offenders were among those executed.• At least 17 women were executed, compa [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ecpm.org/en/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-sharp-rise-in-executions-in-2021/ ) [460] => Array ( [objectID] => 20642 [title] => Does one year of “double zero” mean the death penalty has been repealed? How close is Taiwan to abolishing capital punishment? [timestamp] => 1651104000 [date] => 28/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-close-is-taiwan-to-abolishing-capital-punishment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/abolition-taiwan-500x250.jpg [extrait] => After the end of the last workday of 2021, it became clear that no one would be sentenced to death or executed that year – the first time ever that Taiwan has experienced “double-zero.” [texte] => After the end of the last workday of 2021, it became clear that no one would be sentenced to death or executed that year - the first time ever that Taiwan has experienced “double-zero.” (more…) "Does one year of “double zero” mean the death penalty has been repealed? How close is Taiwan to abolishing capital punishment?" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [461] => Array ( [objectID] => 21346 [title] => Compendium of case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the death penalty and extrajudicial execution [timestamp] => 1650758400 [date] => 24/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/compendium-of-case-law-of-the-european-court-of-human-rights-on-the-death-penalty-and-extrajudicial-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The compendium’s aim is to assist national judges, prosecutors and lawyers from the 46 member states of the Council of Europe to deal with extradition or deportation cases when there is a risk of the death penalty being imposed in third countries or of extrajudicial execution. It also aims at enabling legal professionals from countries where the death penalty still exists to develop arguments based upon the reasoning of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It contains relevant extracts from the Court’s case law, structured in a user-friendly way. [texte] => Introduction by Robert Spano,President of the European Courtof Human RightsCOMPENDIUM OF CASE LAWOF THE EUROPEAN COURTOF HUMAN RIGHTSON THE DEATH PENALTYAND EXTRAJUDICIAL EXECUTIONJeremy McBrideCOMPENDIUM OF CASE LAWOF THE EUROPEAN COURTOF HUMAN RIGHTSON THE DEATH PENALTYAND EXTRAJUDICIAL EXECUTIONCouncil of EuropeThe opinions expressed in this work arethe responsibility of the author and do notnecessarily reflect the official policy of theCouncil of Europe.The reproduction of extracts (up to500 words) is authorised, except forcommercial purposes, as long as theintegrity of the text is preserved, theexcerpt is not used out of context, does notprovide incomplete information or doesnot otherwise mislead the reader as to thenature, scope or content of the text. Thesource text must always be acknowledgedas follows: “© Council of Europe, 2022”.All other requests concerning thereproduction/translation of all or part ofthe document should be addressed to theDirectorate of Communications, Councilof Europe (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex orpublishing@coe.int).Directorate General HumanRights and Rule of LawF-67075 Strasbourg CedexFranceCover: Documents and PublicationsProduction Department (SPDP),Council of EuropeLayout: Jouve, ParisCover photo: Council of EuropeCouncil of Europe PublishingF-67075 Strasbourg Cedexhttp://book.coe.intISBN 978-92-871-9085-7© Council of Europe, April 2022Printed at the Council of Europe ► Page 3ContentsFOREWORD 5CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 7CHAPTER 2. PROVISIONS OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 11CHAPTER 3. IMPOSITION OF THE DEATH PENALTY 13CHAPTER 4. APPLICATION OF THE DEATH PENALTY 33CHAPTER 5. SUBSTITUTION OF THE DEATH PENALTY BY LIFE IMPRISONMENT 53CHAPTER 6. EXPULSION/EXTRADITION/REMOVAL/TRANSFER 67CHAPTER 7. EXTRAJUDICIAL EXECUTION 129INDEX OF CASES 205► Page 5ForewordWe should be extremely proud of the Council of Europe’s achievement inleading the way to a death-penalty-free zone (in practice if not always inlaw) within its member states. This is thanks in large part to the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights and its two additional protocols on the death penalty:Protocol No. 6, which provides for abolition of the death penalty in peacetime, andProtocol No. 13, which provides for its abolition in all circumstances. It is also theresult of the interpretation of those instruments by the European Court of HumanRights. Using the living instrument doctrine to interpret the European Conventionon Human Rights in the light of present-day conditions, the Court has been able topromote a higher standard of human rights protection within Europe on this crucialissue of human dignity.However, the decline in use of the death penalty worldwide in 20201 should not makeus complacent about the continuing human rights work that is needed to ensure acomplete de facto and de jure abolition of the death penalty across the world.This essential compendium of case law of the European Court of Human Rights willprovide ample material for that work to judges, legal practitioners and academicswithin the Council of Europe legal space. It will also provide inspirationto thosefurther afield. This includes awareness of the use of extrajudicial execution or therisk of it occurring through proceedings for expulsion, extradition or other forms ofremoval or transfer, as the last chapter of this compendium demonstrates.Numerous examples of the Court developing fundamental principles relating tocapital punishment can be found in this compendium, from Soering v. the UnitedKingdom and Öcalan v. Turkey [GC] to Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. the United Kingdom.The added value of this compendium – which includes extracts from the judgmentsin English and translations of those where the judgments are only in French, as wellas any relevant dissenting or concurring opinions – is the structured approach byarticle of the Convention and theme. In particular, practitioners will be able to consultthe extensive case law developed by the Court in extradition or deportation caseswhere a violation of Article 2 or 3 is alleged.1. Amnesty International, “Death penalty in 2020: Facts and figures”: www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/04/death-penalty-in-2020-facts-and-figures/.Page 6 ► Compendium of case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the death penaltyOutlawing the death penalty is a work in progress for the Council of Europe. This canbe seen by the very recent Recommendation CM/Rec(2021)2 of the Committee ofMinisters to member States on measures against the trade in goods used for the deathpenalty, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmentand the work of the Parliamentary Assembly’s general rapporteur on the abolitionof the death penalty, in particular as regards observer states.This compendium of case law underlines how the European Convention on HumanRights and the European Court of Human Rights ensure respect for one of the basicvalues of humanity within our society.Robert Spano, PresidentEuropean Court of Human Rights► Page 7Chapter 1IntroductionThis compendium is intended to help judges, lawyers and prosecutors fromCouncil of Europe member states deal with cases involving, in particular,expulsion, extradition or other procedures for removal and transfer, when itis considered that there is a risk of the death penalty being imposed in third countries,and cases involving a risk of extrajudicial execution or those in which this isconsidered to have occurred.It also aims to enable legal professionals from countries where the death penaltystill exists to develop arguments based upon the reasoning of the case law of theEuropean Court of Human Rights (“the Court” or “the European Court”), as well asthat of the former European Commission of Human Rights (“the former EuropeanCommission”).2In this case law, a number of different terms can be found to have been used whereissues relating to the death penalty and extrajudicial execution have been raised.Thus, in addition to the “death penalty”, reference can be made in the case law to“capital punishment” and “death sentence” (or condamné à mort, peine capitale andpeine de mort). Similarly, “extrajudicial execution” (also spelt with a hyphen) can alsobe referred to as “extrajudicial killing” (exécution extrajudiciaire).Whatever the terminology used, the European Court, as well as the former EuropeanCommission, has been faced with implementing the European Convention on HumanRights (“the European Convention” or “the Convention”) and its protocols in applicationsraising a wide range of issues concerned with the imposition and applicationof the death penalty and the practice of extrajudicial execution.When the European Convention was adopted, the use of the death penalty was afeature of the criminal justice systems in some, but not all, Council of Europe memberstates. The possibility of imposing this penalty was, therefore, accommodated inparagraph 1 of Article 2 (right to life) of the European Convention.However, although applications submitted to the former European Commission andthe European Court have included those where the death penalty was imposed bythe courts of some member states, there has never been a case in which either bodyhas had to address a situation where the actual implementation by a member stateof the death penalty had occurred or was even probable.2. This body had a role in implementing the Convention until the coming into force of Protocol No 11,but its rulings on a number of important points relating to the death penalty remain authoritative.The compendium assumes a basic familiarity with the European Convention system.Page 8 ► Compendium of case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the death penaltyNonetheless, both the European Court and the former European Commissionhave been faced with many applications raising issues relating to the impositionand implementation of the death penalty that involve states other than thosebelonging to the Council of Europe. Such applications have been brought beforethese two bodies because of proceedings taken by member states with a viewto expelling, extraditing or otherwise removing or transferring the applicantsin circumstances where it was alleged that this would entail a violation of theEuropean Convention.Notwithstanding the limitation on the protection afforded by the right to life inArticle 2, the ability to invoke the European Convention proved possible in the firstplace through reliance on other provisions, most notably the potential for theimposition or application of the death penalty to lead in some circumstances toinhuman and degrading treatment contrary to Article 3. In particular, this was sowhere the imposition of the death penalty would lead to the person concernedbeing subjected to the death row phenomenon – a prolonged period of time spenton death row in extreme conditions, with the ever-present and mounting anguishof awaiting implementation of the death penalty – or to the actual conditions ondeath row themselves.This approach has been reinforced by the recognition that the imposition of thedeath penalty where there had been a flagrant denial of a fair trial would amountnot only to a violation of the rights under Article 6 but could also be contrary toboth the right to life under Article 2 and the prohibition of inhuman and degradingtreatment under Article 3.The approach taken in the case law has been an evolutionary one, reflecting thechanging attitudes within Council of Europe member states and manifested in practicewith the adoption of Protocols No. 6 and No. 13, which required the abolitionof the death penalty, first with an exception in time of war or its imminent threat,and then in all circumstances.These two protocols have reinforced the protection afforded by the EuropeanConvention such that the European Court could conclude that their extensive ratification,together with consistent state practice in observing a moratorium on capitalpunishment, was strongly indicative that Art [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://book.coe.int/en/european-court-of-human-rights/11088-pdf-compendium-of-case-law-of-the-european-court-of-human-rights-on-the-death-penalty-and-extrajudicial-execution.html ) [462] => Array ( [objectID] => 18628 [title] => Living Under Sentence of Death [timestamp] => 1650585600 [date] => 22/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/living-under-sentence-of-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2019-20, The Department of Law at the University of Dhaka, in collaboration with the Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) and The Death Penalty Project, conducted a study to investigate socio-economic characteristics and experiences of death row prisoners in Bangladesh.Bangladesh continues to retain and implement the death penalty, with several executions taking place each year. Excluding laws relating to the defence forces and international crimes, there are currently 33 crimes punishable by death. 25 of these offences are non-lethal and arguably do not meet the threshold of the ‘most serious crimes’ under international law.Inspired by similar studies in other countries, a pilot study was commissioned to examine the demographics and experiences of those sentenced to death. Consistent with those studies around the world, our findings evidence that the death penalty in Bangladesh is disproportionately used against the most vulnerable and marginalised sections of society. 72% of prisoners were classified as economically vulnerable 53% of prisoners were in low-paid work or unemployed 87% of prisoners had no qualifications beyond secondary school level 15% of prisoners had no formal education.The study also raised serious concerns around the treatment of prisoners, the length of time prisoners spent in prison under the sentence of death and the integrity of criminal investigations and trial. 33% of prisoners’ families alleged their relative had been tortured in police custody, 5% suspected this and 15% refused to comment 60% of respondents were not satisfied with the trial process, with some claiming that the courts had failed to properly appreciate the evidence On average it took over 10 years for death row cases to be disposed by the HCD (where sentences are confirmed). Prolonged time spent in isolation on death row, has been declared inhumane and degrading in many countries.The sample consisted of 39 individuals on death row, evidence from their case files and face-to-face interviews with their families were conducted under rigorous ethical guidelines to reveal their profiles and experiences. Despite its small size, the sample is indicative of the general prison population allowing us to draw conclusions on possible trends. [texte] => Living Under Sentence of Death A study on the profiles, experiences and perspectives of death row prisoners in BangladeshDepartment of LawUniversity of DhakaDecember 2020This report is published by the Department of Law, University of Dhaka. The research leading to this report included data collection and coordination by the Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST).This report can be cited as: Rahman, Muhammad Mahbubur (2020) Living Under Sentence of Death: A study on the profiles, experiences and perspectives of death row prisoners in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Department of Law, University of Dhaka.ISBN: 978-1-8384709-0-6ContributorsAdvisersDr Md Rahmat Ullah(Professor and Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Dhaka)Dr Naima Huq (Professor and Chairman, Department of Law, University of Dhaka) Dr Borhan Uddin Khan(Professor, Department of Law, University of Dhaka) Author and lead researcherDr Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman (Professor, Department of Law, University of Dhaka)Student researchersAli MashrafShahrima Tanjin Field researchersShantonu Roy SagarAbdullah Al MamunMst Fatimatuz JohraTasnia Adiba FairuzNazifa Binte ZahidPronay Anzan SarkerMd Rajib KhanAbdullah SaquibEra Robbani“We are often faced with a system deeply committed to maintaining its insularity. This in turn pushes policy conversations around the criminal justice system into realms of intuition, rhetoric and sloganeering with very little basis in facts”(Surendranath 2019: vi)ContentsDEAN’S MESSAGE ...............................................................................................................7Professor Dr Md Rahmat UllahFOREWORD..........................................................................................................................8Professor Carolyn HoylePREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................11Professor Dr Naima HuqLIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES .....................................................................................13ABBREVIATIONS...............................................................................................................13PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY ...........................................................151.1 Background and objectives................................................................................................. 161.2 Data collection and limitations........................................................................................... 16PART TWO: THE DEATH PENALTY IN BANGLADESH.............................................192.1 Death penalty offences....................................................................................................... 202.2 Trial and post-trial phases.................................................................................................. 232.3 Executions ......................................................................................................................... 242.4 Earlier studies on the death penalty ................................................................................... 25PART THREE: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILES OF THE DEATH ROW PRISONERS273.1 Nature of offences .............................................................................................................. 283.2 Age, gender and religion..................................................................................................... 293.3 Educational background..................................................................................................... 303.4 Economic and criminal background................................................................................... 323.5 Family contexts................................................................................................................... 35PART FOUR: PRISONERS’ EXPERIENCES OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 374.1 Investigation and trial......................................................................................................... 384.2 Legal representation........................................................................................................... 414.3 Delay in procedures............................................................................................................ 424.4 Challenges for family members.......................................................................................... 43PART FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS................45BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................517Dean’s messageI am immensely proud that the Department of Law has successfully completed an empirical study on the profiles, experiences and perspectives of death row prisoners in Bangladesh. I think such a study was long overdue from the perspective of human rights and human dignity. The report, the outcome of the study, provides insightful data about the demographics of prisoners sentenced to death and their experiences of the criminal justice system. I congratulate each and everyone involved with this study.The report may promote informed debates and discussions on the death penalty regime in Bangladesh. I am sure that it will be helpful for researchers to find new research directions in this field and for policymakers to make necessary interventions in the existing criminal justice system in Bangladesh.Professor Dr Md Rahmat UllahDean, Faculty of Law, University of DhakaForewordWhile states continue to assert their sovereign right to determine what actions and behaviours should be prohibited by criminal law, and what punishments are appropriate for those who breach those laws, the past decades have witnessed growing international consensus on the limits of state punishment, particularly for those deemed to be vulnerable. Through human rights – especially the right to life and the prohibition on inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment – all countries must be on an irrevocable path towards complete eradication of the death penalty. However, pending such time, international standards frame progressive restriction in the use of the death penalty and fair trial procedures for states that still retain the death penalty. Notwithstanding, research around the world has consistently demonstrated that those sentenced to death tend to be the most vulnerable: the poor, the uneducated, and those with inadequate support. Predictably, these are the people with the least faith in the criminal justice system to deliver fair and safe processes and proportionate punishment.While 143 countries are now abolitionist in law or practice, 55 retain the death penalty, and some of these – including Bangladesh – are responsible for a disproportionate share of the world’s death sentences. It is important, therefore, that we know who is subjected to the ultimate penalty in these jurisdictions, what factors might have impacted on their offending behaviour, and whether they are ‘worst of the worst’ offenders or, in fact, the marginalised and vulnerable. A rigorous study of almost all death sentenced prisoners in India, by the National Law University, Delhi, was the only project to have sought answers to these questions. No other empirical studies have attempted to interview all prisoners under sentence of death. That research found that most of those on death row were the disadvantaged and the marginalised, and not necessarily the worst offenders. It, therefore, provides an interesting point of comparison for this study of a sample of those on death row in Bangladesh. This project, the result of an effective collaboration between the University of Dhaka and the Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST), maps the socio-economic profile of death sentenced prisoners in Bangladesh and the progress of their cases, drawing on qualitative evidence of their experiences of, and opinions on, the criminal justice process. The report has the potential to inform discourse on justice processes and penal policy, but particularly on the death penalty in Bangladesh. In India, a larger research team was able to travel across the whole country, and the prison authorities were fully cooperative in all but one prison. In Bangladesh, however, the research team did not attempt to obtain official permission for interviewing prisoners on death row because of time constraints. The study, therefore, relied on interviews with family members of 39 death sentenced prisoners, and on primary case records to chart the progress of cases in the High Court Division. While it is a much smaller study than was possible in India – where 373 of 385 prisoners were interviewed – it has produced reliable and interesting data, and serves as a pilot project for more comprehensive research that could target a representative sample of all of the approximately 1,650 prisoners under sentence of death. The two studies produced very similar data in most respects, suggesting that there may be systemic failings across South Asia, and likely further afield, though further empirical research would be necessary to demonstrate that.All but one of the prisoners for which data were gathered in Bangladesh were men. Most had been relatively young at the time of the offence, which could suggest a high potential for reformation as well as lower culpability, yet these young people had been sentenced to death. High educational attainment is a protective factor in many social, economic and legal matters. Not surprisingly, like the Indian prisoners, most were not educated to a high level and, partly in consequence, most were economically vulnerable: 9low-paid employees or unemployed. Notwithstanding their somewhat precarious financial positions, more than half of the families secured private legal representation for the defendant during the trial. This finding may be surprising, but it replicates the data gathered in India. Clearly, in both jurisdictions, [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report [1] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/living-under-sentence-of-death/ ) [463] => Array ( [objectID] => 18449 [title] => Saudi Arabian Mass execution of 81 men [timestamp] => 1649030400 [date] => 04/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/saudi-arabian-mass-execution-of-81-men/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/saudi-arabia-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Saudi Arabia: the largest mass execution in this country in years The kingdom of Saudi Arabia executed 81 men on March 12, 2022, all of whom had been convicted of a wide range of offences, including “terrorism”- related crimes, murder, armed robbery, and arms smuggling. Those put to death included seven Yemenis, one Syrian and […] [texte] => Saudi Arabia: the largest mass execution in this country in yearsThe kingdom of Saudi Arabia executed 81 men on March 12, 2022, all of whom had been convicted of a wide range of offences, including “terrorism”- related crimes, murder, armed robbery, and arms smuggling. Those put to death included seven Yemenis, one Syrian and 73 Saudi. (more…) "Saudi Arabian Mass execution of 81 men" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [464] => Array ( [objectID] => 12986 [title] => Kazakhstan Ratifies the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR [timestamp] => 1648771200 [date] => 01/04/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/kazakhstan-ratifies-the-second-optional-protocol-to-the-iccpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Kazakhstan_Flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Kazakhstan ratified the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty on 24 March 2022. [texte] => Kazakhstan ratified the UN treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty on 24 March 2022. (more…) "Kazakhstan Ratifies the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kazakhstan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [465] => Array ( [objectID] => 18511 [title] => The Philippines – Universal Periodic Review – Death Penalty – March 2022 [timestamp] => 1648684800 [date] => 31/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-philippines-joint-stakeholder-report-on-the-death-penalty-for-the-universal-periodic-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 1. This report addresses the Philippines’ compliance with its international human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. For years, the Philippines imposed the death penalty, particularly for so-called heinous crimes. In 2006, President Gloria MacapagalArroyo abolished the death penalty.1 Since then, however, lawmakers have introduced numerous bills to reinstate the death penalty, with the House adopting Bill No. 7814 as recently as March 2, 2021.22. The report examines the current state of the death penalty in the Philippines, including (1) acceptance of international norms; (2) proposed legislation reintroducing the death penalty; (3) torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment in enforcing drug control; (4) conditions of detention; and (5) administration of justice and fair trial. 3. This report recommends that the Philippines continue the abolition of the death penalty, refrain from reintroducing the death penalty, honor its international commitments, and implement a human rights-based approach to anti-drug policy [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgThe PhilippinesJoint Stakeholder Report on the Death Penaltyfor the United Nations Universal Periodic ReviewSubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rights, a non-governmental organization in special consultative statusandThe World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 41st Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic ReviewNovember 2022Submitted 31 March 2022Founded in 1983, The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publication. The Advocates is the primary provider of legal services to low-income asylum seekers in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized the Death Penalty Project to provide pro bono assistance on postconviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP), an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities, and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses the Philippines’ compliance with its international human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. For years, the Philippines imposed the death penalty, particularly for so-called heinous crimes. In 2006, President Gloria MacapagalArroyo abolished the death penalty.1 Since then, however, lawmakers have introduced numerous bills to reinstate the death penalty, with the House adopting Bill No. 7814 as recently as March 2, 2021.22. The report examines the current state of the death penalty in the Philippines, including (1) acceptance of international norms; (2) proposed legislation reintroducing the death penalty; (3) torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment in enforcing drug control; (4) conditions of detention; and (5) administration of justice and fair trial. 3. This report recommends that the Philippines continue the abolition of the death penalty, refrain from reintroducing the death penalty, honor its international commitments, and implement a human rights-based approach to anti-drug policy.I. IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS4. During the 2017 Universal Period Review, the Philippines received 23 recommendations related to the death penalty, 31 recommendations related to torture, 5 recommendations related to detention conditions, 11 recommendations related to the administration of justice and fair trial, and 3 recommendations related to the excessive use of force by police. Acceptance of international norms (Theme A12); Constitutional and legislative framework(Theme A41); Institutions & policies (Theme A42)Status of Implementation: Partially Accepted, Partially Implemented5. The Philippines received 16 recommendations to ensure its fight against crime, especially counter-narcotics operations, conforms with constitutional protections and international human rights obligations.3 The Philippines accepted 11 and noted 5 of these recommendations.46. As described in greater detail in paragraphs 9-16 below, most of the efforts to reinstate the death penalty have centered around drug-related offenses. As discussed in paragraph 37, presumption-shifting provisions in the leading bill to reinstate the death penalty would violate the fair trial rights of persons accused of drug-related offenses. And as mentioned in paragraph 21, several civil society organizations have called on authorities to insteadcreate a human-rights based approach to drug offenses and drug control.Right to life (Theme D21); Death penalty (Theme D23)Status of Implementation: Not Accepted, Partially Implemented7. The Philippines received 7 recommendations to maintain the abolition of the death penalty5and 16 recommendations to refrain from reinstating the death penalty.6 The Philippines noted all of these recommendations, contending that the issue was subject to further deliberations in Congress, the outcome of which the State cannot influence.7 While the 3Philippines has maintained the abolition of the death penalty so far, lawmakers in the House of Representatives continue to introduce bills to reinstate the death penalty.88. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo abolished the death penalty in the Philippines in 2006.9The Philippines ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 2007.10 Yet lawmakers have flouted Article 6 of the ICCPR and the Second Optional Protocol by taking steps to reinstate the death penalty.9. On January 2017, a bill was filed in the House of Representatives seeking to reinstate the death penalty for drug-related offenses and for crimes that are committed under the influence of illegal drugs.1110. After campaigning on the issue in 2016, in July 2019, President Rodrigo Duterte called on Congress to reinstate the death penalty, focusing in particular on drug-related offenses.12Lawmakers thereafter introduced legislation to reinstate the death penalty,13 filing at least 19 bills by the end of the year.14 One bill would allow the death penalty for crimes including treason, certain types of bribery, “plunder,” drug offenses, murder, robbery involving violence or intimidation, rape, piracy, kidnapping, and certain types of arson,15 while another would allow the death penalty for drug trafficking and drug manufacturing,16 and another would allow the death penalty for qualified trafficking in persons.17 Of the 19 billsto reinstate the death penalty that lawmakers introduced in 2019, 15 targeted drug trafficking or other drug-related offenses.1811. On March 2, 2021, the House of Representative adopted House Bill No. 7814, providing for the reinstatement of the death penalty for a new crime under the 2002 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act.19 This is the second bill in a span of 5 years that has advanced to the Senate proposing a return to capital punishment. Section 20 of the bill provides a mandatory penalty of death for the planting of false evidence during a drug crime investigation.20 There is also a presumption of guilt if the person accused of planting such evidence does not follow the investigation procedure under Section 19 of the bill.2112. After House Bill No. 4727 passed in the House of Representatives with an overwhelming majority, Rep. Ruwel Peter Gonzaga clarified the majority’s position that the death penalty, if enacted into law, will not violate the Second Optional Protocol. “The Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR is not a treaty nor an international agreement because the ratification of the President did not have the concurrence of at least two-thirds of all members of the Senate as required under Section 21 Article 7 of the Constitution,” Gonzaga asserted.2213. Subsequently, in 2017, the Special Rapporteur on torture and the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial executions reminded the State Party that it has an obligation under the Second Optional Protocol “to stay away from this form of punishment and cannot legally reintroduce it in its jurisdiction.”23 They noted that after ratifying the protocol, “State authorities ha[d] also expressly confirmed on numerous occasions its validity and binding nature on the Philippines, without raising any concerns over the procedure through which it had been ratified.”24 The experts concluded that reinstatement of the death penalty would be “in clear violation of [the Philippines’] obligations under the protocol.”2514. In June 2020, the Human Rights Committee asked the Philippines to “comment on the compatibility of such steps” to reintroduce the death penalty “with provisions in the Covenant, and in the Second Optional Protocol.”26 In response, the Philippines asserted 4that “[i]nclusive legislative efforts to conduct stakeholder human rights dialogues with constituents within Parliament and/or civic space regarding the death penalty is not prohibited under the Covenant and the Second Protocol.”2715. After the adoption of House Bill No. 7814 in March 2021, the Philippines’ Commission on Human Rights (CHR) expressed “grave concern” and reiterated that “the death penalty is not an effective deterrent and if passed, this is considered a serious breach of our international obligations, particularly under the [ICCPR] and its Second Optional Protocol aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.”2816. There are currently 13 draft bills before the House of Representatives and 11 draft bills before the Senate proposing the death penalty for a range of offences including (but not limited to) drug offences, treason, plunder, rape and murder.2917. There has recently been a pullback of support from senators for House Bill 7814.3018. In the context of the upcoming elections in May 2022, even candidates who were hardliners for reinstatement of the death penalty appear to have taken steps back, saying “not now” to the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/TAHR-WCADP-Philippines-Death-Penalty-UPR-.pdf ) [466] => Array ( [objectID] => 18410 [title] => Trapped Inside: Mental Illness & Incarceration [timestamp] => 1648166400 [date] => 25/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/trapped-inside-mental-illness-incarceration/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pakistan’s criminal justice system fails to provide meaningful protection to persons suffering from mental illness at all stages of arrest, trial, sentencing and detention. Under Pakistani law, a person of unsound mind is unable to form criminal intent and therefore is not subject to punishment. Despite this, a disproportionate number of mentally ill prisoners are currently in Pakistan’s jails and on death row.In light of the above, JPP, in collaboration with Monash University Australia, is launching a report titled “Trapped Inside: Mental Illness & Incarceration”, a comprehensive review of Pakistani law and practice with regards to mentally ill prisoners and defendants. This report seeks to help relevant stakeholders to better understand and respond appropriately to the mental health needs of individuals across the criminal justice system. It focuses on the steps stakeholders can take to promote and protect mental health and well-being of individuals at each stage. The report also explores last year’s landmark ‘Safia Bano’ judgement by Pakistan’s Supreme Court, which commuted the death sentences of two mentally ill death row prisoners, banned the execution of prisoners with psycho-social disabilities and set key safeguards for the same. [texte] => 10 | The Way Forward - Recommendations 5657585810.1| Arrest5810.2| Trial606010.5| Presidential Pardons/Mercy Petitions10.6| Execution10.2.1| Adopt an evidence-based approach whenconsidering mental impairment10.2.2| Considering mental illness during trial575710.1.1| Developing Reforms to the process of arrest10.1.2| Adhering to legal procedure58585910.3| Setencing10.3.1| Developing sentencing guidelines for the mentally ill10.3.2| Implement presentence hearings595910.4| Imprisonment10.4.1| Improvements in legislationIndividuals suffering from mental illnessare among the most vulnerable groupsof any society in the world, andreportedly constitute 50 million of thepopulation in Pakistan.1 Barriers toobtaining treatment and support formental illness in Pakistan are extremelyhigh, with only 0.4% of health careexpenditure devoted to mental health bythe government.2 This vulnerability isexacerbated when they enter thePakistani criminal justice system, whichfails to provide meaningful protection topersons with mental illness andpsychosocial disabilities at all stages ofarrest, trial, sentencing and detention.Under Pakistani law, a person ofunsound mind is unable to form criminalintent and therefore is not subject topunishment. Despite this, adisproportionate number of mentally illprisoners are currently in Pakistan’s jails.Many inmates come into prison withserious pre-existing mental illnesseswhich are then made worse by longperiods of imprisonment and thestresses of the hyper-violent prisonexperience. The lack of adequate mentalhealthcare in prisons, and the startingassumption that prisoners feign insanityfor special treatment, leads to needlesssuffering for prisoners who are mentallyill.Over the past 12 years, Justice ProjectPakistan (JPP) has represented countlessmentally ill defendants on death row inPakistan. This report is a product of thatinsight, and provides readers with adeeper understanding of mental healthand incarceration in Pakistan’s criminaljustice system by examining thelegislative framework and systemicissues that pervade each stage of theprocess: arrest, trial, sentencing,imprisonment, mercy petitions andexecution. Additionally, this reportevaluates the impact of the landmarkSupreme Court judgement, Safia Banoand Others v. The State3, handed downin JPP’s strategic litigation filed on behalfof mentally ill prisoners death rowprisoners Imdad Ali, Kanizan Bibi andGhulam Abbas. The judgement,discussed in detail in the section below,was a watershed moment in Pakistan’sjurisprudence in terms of establishingsafeguards for prisoners withpsychosocial disabilities and prohibitingthe execution of the severely mentally ill.Each section of the report details gapspresent in Pakistan’s criminal justicesystem in relation to the treatment andprotection of mentally ill defendants.Section 2 highlights Pakistan’sobligations towards mentally illdefendants under international law.Section 3 discusses the numeroussystemic problems that arise duringarrest. These range from increasedsuspicion placed on the mentally ill dueto their actions being mistaken by lawenforcement authorities, to inadequatetraining of judicial officers in handlingindividuals with psychosocial disabilitiesand mental illness. As a result, theseindividuals do not benefit from thesafeguards contained in the law and faceharsher treatment during detention.Sections 4 and 5 cover the stages of trialand sentencing respectively. Mentally illdefendants often remain undiagnosed,are unable to adequately participate intheir defence, and are sentenced harshlyas trial courts remain unaware of thelegal frameworks that exist to protectthem. Pakistani law provides mentalhealth safeguards at the trial stage in theform of the insanity defence and theevaluation of a defendant’s competencyto stand trial. Similarly, a person’spsychological state is of significantlyrelevant to their sentencing - a fact whichhas been acknowledged in Pakistan’sjurisprudence. 4 In practice, however,these standards for the trial andsentencing of mentally ill defendants areseldom applied.Section 6 examines the conditions ofconfinement of prisoners who arementally ill, identifying the issues theyface during incarceration. The majority ofprison staff who supervise prisoners withmental illnesses on a daily basis do notreceive the necessary training or supportto identify and handle such persons. Thepromotion, protection and restoration ofmental health in prisons is criticallyimportant for prisoner rehabilitation andtheir reintegration into the community. 5By carrying out this analysis, this reportaims to inform domestic andinternational stakeholders about theshortfalls in existing legal frameworksand the systemic flaws that compoundthe plight of the mentally ill in Pakistan’scriminal justice system. In identifyingthese flaws, it is the aim of this report toensure that the current focus on thepathway to reform is maintained, and tosuggest possible solutions to thenumerous pitfalls surrounding this issue.In recent years, JPP has initiated capacitybuilding efforts aimed at prison officials,judicial officers, mental health experts,lawyers and police officers to fill thesystemic gaps highlighted in this reportand to obtain improved outcomes fordefendants and prisoners withpsychosocial disabilities. 6 However, untilProvincial Governments and High Courtsprioritise implementation of thedirections issued by the Hon’bleSupreme Court in the Safia Banojudgement, progress will be piecemeal atbest while failing to protect the mostvulnerable prisoners in Pakistan’scriminal justice system.Executive Summary1.1. The landmark Supreme Court judgement in the case ofSafia Bano and Others v. The State on 10 February 2021CHAPTER01Individuals suffering from mental illnessare among the most vulnerable groupsof any society in the world, andreportedly constitute 50 million of thepopulation in Pakistan.1 Barriers toobtaining treatment and support formental illness in Pakistan are extremelyhigh, with only 0.4% of health careexpenditure devoted to mental health bythe government.2 This vulnerability isexacerbated when they enter thePakistani criminal justice system, whichfails to provide meaningful protection topersons with mental illness andpsychosocial disabilities at all stages ofarrest, trial, sentencing and detention.Under Pakistani law, a person ofunsound mind is unable to form criminalintent and therefore is not subject topunishment. Despite this, adisproportionate number of mentally illprisoners are currently in Pakistan’s jails.Many inmates come into prison withserious pre-existing mental illnesseswhich are then made worse by longperiods of imprisonment and thestresses of the hyper-violent prisonexperience. The lack of adequate mentalhealthcare in prisons, and the startingassumption that prisoners feign insanityfor special treatment, leads to needlesssuffering for prisoners who are mentallyill.Over the past 12 years, Justice ProjectPakistan (JPP) has represented countlessmentally ill defendants on death row inPakistan. This report is a product of thatinsight, and provides readers with adeeper understanding of mental healthand incarceration in Pakistan’s criminaljustice system by examining thelegislative framework and systemicissues that pervade each stage of theprocess: arrest, trial, sentencing,imprisonment, mercy petitions andexecution. Additionally, this reportevaluates the impact of the landmarkSupreme Court judgement, Safia Banoand Others v. The State3, handed downin JPP’s strategic litigation filed on behalfof mentally ill prisoners death rowprisoners Imdad Ali, Kanizan Bibi andGhulam Abbas. The judgement,discussed in detail in the section below,was a watershed moment in Pakistan’sjurisprudence in terms of establishingsafeguards for prisoners withpsychosocial disabilities and prohibitingthe execution of the severely mentally ill.Each section of the report details gapspresent in Pakistan’s criminal justicesystem in relation to the treatment andprotection of mentally ill defendants.Section 2 highlights Pakistan’sobligations towards mentally illdefendants under international law.Section 3 discusses the numeroussystemic problems that arise duringarrest. These range from increasedsuspicion placed on the mentally ill dueto their actions being mistaken by lawenforcement authorities, to inadequatetraining of judicial officers in handlingindividuals with psychosocial disabilitiesand mental illness. As a result, theseindividuals do not benefit from thesafeguards contained in the law and faceharsher treatment during detention.Sections 4 and 5 cover the stages of trialand sentencing respectively. Mentally illdefendants often remain undiagnosed,are unable to adequately participate intheir defence, and are sentenced harshlyas trial courts remain unaware of thelegal frameworks that exist to protectthem. Pakistani law provides mentalhealth safeguards at the trial stage in theform of the insanity defence and theevaluation of a defendant’s competencyto stand trial. Similarly, a person’spsychological state is of significantlyrelevant to their sentencing - a fact whichhas been acknowledged in Pakistan’sjurisprudence.4 In practice, however,these standards for the trial andsentencing of mentally ill defendants areseldom applied.Section 6 examines the conditions ofconfinement of prisoners who arementally ill, identifying the issues theyface during incarceration. The majority ofprison staff who supervise prisoners withmental illnesses on a daily basis do notreceive the necessary training or supportto identify and handle such persons. Thepromotion, protection and restoration ofmental health in prisons is criticallyimportant for prisoner rehabilitation andtheir reintegration into the community. 5By carrying out this analysis, this reportaims to inform domestic andinternational stakeholders about theshortfalls in existing legal frameworksand the systemic flaws that compoundthe plight of the mentally ill in Pakistan’scriminal justice system. In [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://jpp.org.pk/report/trapped-inside-mental-illness-incarceration/ ) [467] => Array ( [objectID] => 18399 [title] => Legislators’ Opinions on the Death Penalty in Taiwan [timestamp] => 1648080000 [date] => 24/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/legislators-opinions-on-the-death-penalty-in-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2021, The Death Penalty Project and the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) commissioned Professor Carolyn Hoyle at the University of Oxford and Professor Shiow-duan Hawang at Soochow University, Taipei to carry out a study exploring Taiwanese legislators’ attitudes towards capital punishment.The study reveals that the majority of Taiwan’s legislators would like to see the death penalty abolished. The risk of wrongful convictions, the abuse of human rights and a recognition that the death penalty has no unique deterrent effect, were the primary reasons cited for supporting abolition. Additionally, a majority of legislators interviewed expressed fairly low levels of trust in the Taiwanese criminal justice system, with doubts raised over its ability to offer adequate safeguards to individuals facing capital trials.Key findings:- 61% of legislators interviewed are in favour of abolishing the death penalty- 39% of legislators interviewed are in favour of retaining the death penalty, but only one legislator was strongly in favour- 71% of retentionists and 65% of abolitionists asserted that wrongful convictions ‘sometimes’ occurred- Only 11% of legislators interviewed thought that wrongful convictions ‘rarely’ occur- All legislators interviewed expressed a preference for social justice measures, such as poverty reduction, over increased executions when asked to rank a range of policies aimed at reducing violent crime [texte] => Legislators’ Opinionson the Death Penaltyin TaiwanCarolyn Hoyle andShiow-duan HawangIn association with:© 2021 The authorsAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or anyinformation storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors.Copies of this report may be obtained from:The Death Penalty Project87-91 Newman StreetLondonW1T 3EYwww.deathpenaltyproject.orgThis report was made possible by grants to The Death Penalty Project from The Taiwan Foundationfor Democracy and the Magna Carta Fund of the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth andDevelopment Office. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/legislators-opinions-on-the-death-penalty-in-taiwan/ ) [468] => Array ( [objectID] => 18629 [title] => Felony Murder: An On-Ramp for Extreme Sentencing [timestamp] => 1647993600 [date] => 23/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/felony-murder-an-on-ramp-for-extreme-sentencing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Although other countries have largely rejected the felony murder doctrine, 48 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal government still use these laws. Felony murder laws compel harsh decades-long – or even life – sentences even when the individual charged did not directly cause or intend the loss of life.This report evaluates the legal and empirical foundation, and failings, of the felony murder rule, profiles impacted individuals, and highlights recent reform efforts in 10 jurisdictions. Key findings include:1. Felony murder laws widen the net of extreme sentencing and are counterproductive to public safety.2. Felony murder laws have particularly adverse impacts on people of color, young people, and women.3. Existing reforms must be expanded to achieve justice. [texte] => FELONY MURDER: AN ON-RAMP FOR EXTREME SENTENCING 1An On-Ramp for Extreme SentencingFELONY MURDER 2 FELONY MURDER: AN ON-RAMP FOR EXTREME SENTENCINGThis report was written by Nazgol Ghandnoosh, Ph.D., Emma Stammen, and Connie Budaci who are, respectively, Senior Research Analyst, Research Fellow, and former Legal Fellow at The Sentencing Project. The report incorporates research assistance and legal consultation provided by Latham & Watkins LLP, Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Berkeley Law’s International Human Rights Law Clinic, Drexel Kline School of Law’s Andy and Gwen Stern Community Lawyering Clinic, Monica Reid at the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and several state affiliates, Kevin Muhitch, Elissa Jude He, and Liz Komar. Sections of this report benefited from the generous feedback, editing, and comments of the following individuals Jobi Cates, Kate Chatfield, Kate Epstein, Monica Fuhrmann, Jennifer Hansen, Lauren Katz, Miriam A. Krinsky, Youngjae Lee, Colby Lenz, Rachel López, Olevia Mae, Rosemary Nidiry, Jinwoo Park, Astha Sharma Pokharel, Amanda J. Powell, Richard Schmechel, Katerina Semyonova, Michael Serota, Kimberly A. Thomas, and David Weiss. The Sentencing Project gratefully acknowledges Arnold Ventures for their generous support of our research to end extreme sentences. FELONY MURDER: AN ON-RAMP FOR EXTREME SENTENCING 3TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................1 I. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3 A. Scope of the Problem.........................................................................................................................4B. Racial Bias...........................................................................................................................................5C. Impact on Women...............................................................................................................................6D. Criminologically Unsound...................................................................................................................6 II. INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW.............................................................................................8 III. FELONY MURDER’S FOUR FORMS OF INJUSTICE..................................................................................9 A. Erasing the Distinction Between Unintentional and Intentional Homicides....................................9B. Imposing Extreme Sentences on Young People with Diminished Culpability...............................12C. The Disproportionate Punishment of Accomplices........................................................................14 D. The Most Egregious Felony Murder Laws........................................................................................17IV. RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................................................................................21 A. Ending the Injustice of Felony Murder Laws....................................................................................21B. Addressing Past and Future Sentencing Excesses: A Broad Vision for Change...........................22V. APPENDICES............................................................................................................................................23Appendix 1. Model Felony Murder Policy for Prosecutors’ Offices...................................................23Appendix 2. Sentencing Laws for Felony Murder, 2022.....................................................................24ENDNOTES......................................................................................................................................................25 FELONY MURDER: AN ON-RAMP FOR EXTREME SENTENCING 1In San Joaquin County, California in 2010, 19-year-old Emmanuel Mendoza helped lure a robbery victim to a location where a masked accomplice waited with a firearm. When a struggle with the victim over the firearm ensued, Mendoza’s accomplice fired a fatal shot. Although Mendoza did not have a weapon and the killing had not been planned, he was convicted of felony murder with special circumstances, and automatically sentenced to life without parole (LWOP).1 In prison, he ended his gang affiliation and mentored others to do the same, earned a GED and associate degree, embraced his faith, and has been an active father to his three children. “I understand that at the end of the day someone lost their life,” Mendoza says. “Our plan that night wasn’t to kill anyone. I can’t take it back. But I also feel that it was a huge injustice to not be given an attempt at freedom.”2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Murder typically refers to an intentional killing. But “felony murder” laws hold people like Mendoza liable for murder if they participated in a felony, such as a robbery, that resulted in someone’s death. These laws impose sentences associated with murder on people who neither intended to kill nor anticipated a death, and even on those who did not participate in the killing. As such, they violate the principle of proportional sentencing, which is supposed to punish crimes based on their severity. These excessively punitive outcomes violate widely shared perceptions of justice. With one in seven people in U.S. prisons serving a life sentence, ending mass incarceration requires bold action to reduce extreme prison terms such as those prescribed for felony murder.3 These laws run counter to public safety, fiscal responsibility, and justice. Although other countries have largely rejected the felony murder doctrine,4 48 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal government still use these laws. The only two states that do not have felony murder laws are Hawaii and Kentucky. Six other states require some proof of intentionality regarding the killing to consider it murder,5 though the use of a gun—or mere knowledge of a codefendant’s gun use—satisfies this requirement in some jurisdictions.6 In any case, all felony murder laws use the underlying felony to either a) treat as murder a killing that would not have otherwise been considered murder, or b) increase the gradation of murder, such as from second to first degree.FELONY MURDER: An On-Ramp for Extreme Sentencing2 FELONY MURDER: AN ON-RAMP FOR EXTREME SENTENCINGThis report evaluates the legal and empirical foundation, and failings, of the felony murder rule, profiles impacted individuals, and highlights recent reform efforts in 10 jurisdictions. Key findings include:1. Felony murder laws widen the net of extreme sentencing and are counterproductive to public safety.• For felony murder convictions for adults, eight states and the federal system mandate LWOP sentences, 15 states mandate LWOP in some cases, and 17 states and Washington, DC make LWOP a sentencing option. Four states permit or require a virtual life sentence of 50 years or longer for some or all felony murder convictions.7• In Pennsylvania and Michigan, one quarter of people serving LWOP were convicted of felony murder—over 1,000 people in each state.8• Felony murder laws have not significantly reduced felonies nor lowered the number of felonies that become deadly. • The extreme prison sentences associated with felony murder laws add upward pressure on the entire sentencing structure. • Felony murder laws spend taxpayer dollars on incarcerating people who no longer pose a danger to the community and divert resources away from effective investments that promote public safety. 2. Felony murder laws have particularly adverse impacts on people of color, young people, and women. • In Pennsylvania in 2020, 80% of imprisoned individuals with a felony murder conviction were people of color and 70% were African American.9• Felony murder laws ignore the cognitive vulnerabilities of youth and emerging adults by assuming that they recognize the remote consequences of their own actions—and those of others in their group. In Pennsylvania, nearly three-quarters of people serving LWOP for felony murder in 2019 were age 25 or younger at the time of their offense, as were over half of Minnesotans charged with aiding and abetting felony murder in recent years.10• An exploratory survey in California found that 72% of women but only 55% of men serving a life sentence for felony murder were not the perpetrators of the homicide.11 The California Coalition for Women Prisoners reports that the majority of their members convicted of felony murder were accomplices navigating intimate partner violence at the time of the offense and were criminalized for acts of survival.123. Existing reforms must be expanded to achieve justice. • Since 1980, Michigan has required a minimum culpable mental state of wanton disregard for life for felony murder convictions. Despite this reform, the number of Michiganders imprisoned for felony murder is comparable to that of Pennsylvania, where no such requirement exists.• Reforms in Colorado, Illinois, and Massachusetts have not been applied retroactively to provide relief to people sentenced under the old law. The Sentencing Project and Fair and Just Prosecution recommend that all U.S. jurisdictions repeal felony murder statutes. In the interim, reforms to felony murder laws should at a minimum include: eliminating death and LWOP as sentencing options; protecting minors and emerging adults from the felony murder rule; ending accomplice liability; creating meaningful intent requirements for the killing itself; narrowing predicate offenses that can trigger a felony murder charge; and tackling racial disparities in enforcement. Prosecutors can be leaders in these reform efforts. The model policy memo included in Appendix 1 sets forth recommended changes prosecutors can put in place t [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/felony-murder-an-on-ramp-for-extreme-sentencing/ ) [469] => Array ( [objectID] => 18630 [title] => The Clemency Process in East and Southeast Asia [timestamp] => 1647907200 [date] => 22/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-clemency-process-in-east-and-southeast-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this report, we summarise the current international position on clemency and the death penalty and compare it to snapshots of the clemency processes in the following Southeast and East Asian countries: Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan, and China. All references to clemency in this paper are in the context of reprieve from the death penalty. [texte] => CLEMENCY PROCEDURES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA1Clemency Procedures in East and Southeast AsiaADP Publication Sdn. Bhd. (1097496-A)C-5-22 Centum @ Oasis Corporate ParkNo: 2, Jalan PJU 1a/2, Oasis Damansara47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, MalaysiaTel: +0378318870Email: adpan@adpan.orgWebsite: www.adpan.orgFacebook: facebook.com/ADPANetworkTwitter: twitter.com/ ADPANetworkInstagram: ADPANetworkCover design by Michelle ChewTypesetting by Sky Siaw Supported and in collaboration with Taiwan Foundation for DemocracyPublished by ADPAN2021Printed in Malaysia Revision 1.0Except where otherwise noted, content on this journal islicensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).To view a copy of the license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ADPAN would like to acknowledge the work and contribution of Benjamin Chia, Imogen Fox, Divna Starcevic and Matthew Song of the Eleos Anti-Death Penalty Clinic, Monash University, Australia.2Table of ContentIntroductions 3International Legal Framework 5Methodology and Countries 6Conclusion 9Bibliography 11Clemency Framework by Country 16China 16Indonesia 19Japan 25Malaysia 29Singapore 33Taiwan 38Thailand 43Vietnam 493Clemency Procedures in East and Southeast AsiaBenjamin Chia, Imogen Fox, Divna Starcevic and Matthew Song of the Eleos Anti-Death Penalty Clinic, Monash University, Australia.1. IntroductionThere is a growing movement towards the abolition of capital punishment with the number of abolitionist countries rising from 16 countries in 1977 to the current number of 108 with an additional 28 being abolitionist in practice.1 Whilst there is a global movement for the abolition of the death penalty, it remains entrenched in the legal systems of a number of countries, particularly those in the Southeast and East Asian regions. After having exhausted all judicial appeals, the final reprieve for those on death row is clemency. Clemency is the abrogation of a prisoner’s sentence. A grant of clemency may lead to the commutation of the sentence or, in some cases, outright release. The grant of clemency originates from a variety of sources that depend on the country. For example, Malaysia2 and Thailand3 are constitutional monarchies and the power to grant clemency is vested in their respective royal families. In contrast, clemency in the democratic republic nations of Singapore4 and Indonesia5stems from their respective Presidents.Each country has a unique system and set of considerations in granting clemency with discretion ultimately vesting in the decision-maker. Each country has a unique system and set of considerations in granting clemency for death row and non-death row prisoners, with discretion ultimately vesting in the decision-maker. With that said, there are three common factors that determine the success rate of clemency appeals for death row prisoners.6 Firstly, the amount of lenient discretion exercisable at earlier stages of the legal process has an inverse correlation with the rate of clemency. In Malaysia, the rule of double presumptions of possession and knowledge of illicit substances, and subsequent mandatory death sentence, restricts judicial discretion and is rocedure to place more importance on the role of clemency as a reprieve.7 Secondly, political influences can factor into a decision to grant clemency. For example, a country may be influenced by international pressure, and for this reason, there is a higher rate of clemency granted for foreign nationals on death row than their own citizens.8 Thirdly, the length of time between incarceration and execution has been seen to correlate with 1 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020 (Amnesty International Report, 2021) 57 (‘Amnesty International Report 2021’).2 Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand s 179 (‘Thai Constitution’).3 Federal Constitution (Malaysia) art 42(1) (‘Malaysian Constitution’).4 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore art 22P (‘Singaporean Constitution’). 5 1945 State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia art 14 (‘Indonesian Constitution’).6 Daniel Pascoe, ‘Clemency in Southeast Asian Death Penalty Cases’ (2014) 4 Centre for Indonesian Law, Islam and Society 6, 6 (‘Clemency in Southeast Asian Death Penalty Cases’).7 Daniel Pascoe, Last Chance for Life (Oxford University Press, 2019) 141 (‘Last Chance for Life’).8 Ibid 49.4the rate of clemency. Countries, such as Vietnam, which are quicker to reach decisions on clemency applications and to execute their death row inmates, may see a lower rate of successful grants of clemency.9 This is because rehabilitative and retributive factors are less available as considerations due to the short time in incarceration. Rehabilitative factors refer to the extended time in prison leading to the decision-maker finding that the prisoner has been reformed during that time. This is usually coupled with the finding of good behaviour. Retributive refers to the fact that the prisoner has been deemed to have been adequately punished due to the length of their prison sentence.In this report, we summarise the current international position on clemency and the death penalty and compare it to snapshots of the clemency processes in the following Southeast and East Asian countries: Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan, and China. All references to clemency in this paper are in the context of reprieve from the death penalty.9 Daniel Pascoe, ‘Explaining Death Penalty Clemency in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam from 1986 to 2015’ (2016) 10(2) Vienna Journal on International Constitutional Law 165, 184-5 (‘Socialist Republic of Vietnam’).52. International Legal FrameworkInternational law protects and upholds the right of a condemned person to seek clemency, with article 6(4) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) stating that ‘anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to seek pardon or commutation of the sentence’ and that clemency may be granted in all cases.10 The ICCPRhas been signed and ratified by Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and Japan.11 China has signed but not ratified the ICCPR, whilst Singapore and Malaysia have done neither.12Taiwan has incorporated it into their law, but is not considered a signatory given that it is not rocedures as a state by the UN.13Safeguards adopted by the UN also protect death row inmates from being executed whilst their clemency application is pending,14 with this protection being mirrored in Article 4(6) of the American Convention on Human Rights.15 Furthermore, in Desmond McKenzie et al v Jamaica and Neville Lewis v A-G of Jamaica, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and Judicial Committee of the Privy Council respectively rocedures the need for clemency processes to be “fair and proper”,16 and follow “minimum procedural guarantees”,17 such as the guarantee that the application will be heard within a reasonable period of time, and the right for prisoners to make submissions to the decision-maker, to ensure prisoners are able to fully enjoy their rights under the American Convention on Human Rights.18 Given the similarity between the two conventions, it is likely that such an interpretation would also be applied to the ICCPR. Therefore, as rocedures by Schabas, a country will generally fall out of step with international obligations if they don’t allow prisoners to seek clemency, if they execute prisoners before the application is heard, and if the process is insufficiently fair and transparent.1910 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, opened for signature 16 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171 (entered into force 23 March 1976) art 6(4) (‘ICCPR’). 11 ‘International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights’, United Nations Treaty Collection (Web Page, 2021) .12 Ibid.13 Yu-Jie Chen, ‘Isolated but not Oblivious: Taiwan’s Acceptance of the Two Major Human Rights Covenants’ in Jerome Cohen, William Alford, Chang-Fa Lo (eds), Taiwan and International Human Rights: A Story of Transformation (Springer, 2019) 207, 207.14 Safeguards Guaranteeing Protection of the Rights of those Facing the Death Penalty, approved by Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50, 25 May 1984, safeguard 8. 15 Organization of American States (OAS), American Convention on Human Rights (entered into force 18 July 1978) art 4(6).16 Neville Lewis v A-G of Jamaica [2000] UKPC 35, [62] (Lord Slynn of Hadley). 17 Desmond McKenzie et al v Jamaica (Judgment) (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Cases 12.023, 12.044, 12.107, 12.126, and 12.146, 13 April 2000) [228].18 Ibid. 19 William A Schabas, The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law (Cambridge University Press, 3rd ed, 2002) 168-9.63. Methodology and CountriesIn our investigation into clemency procedures across East and Southeast Asia, we first had to determine which countries to analyse. We decided to focus on China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam, as these are the key retentionist countries in the region in terms of population size and geopolitical influence. We felt that investigating these states would also illustrate a holistic view of regional clemency practices by highlighting the nuances of each country’s process.In conducting our research, we consulted key legislation such as the Constitutions, Criminal Codes, and Statutes of each country, in addition to scholarly articles and books. A special mention must be given to Daniel Pascoe who is the preeminent scholar in the field of clemency. Without his tremendous research, this report would not be possible.3.1.ChinaIn our research, we discovered that China, despite having a legal framework whichallows for clemency to be granted, has never exercised this power since the CCP took power in 1949.20 Instead, they appear to rely on the “suspended death sentence” to achieve a similar result.21 If a court grants the suspended death sentence, it will suspend a prisoner’s death sent [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Indonesia [2] => Japan [3] => Malaysia [4] => Singapore [5] => Taiwan [6] => Thailand [7] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => ) [470] => Array ( [objectID] => 18389 [title] => Death Penalty For Drug Offences: Global Overview 2021 [timestamp] => 1647820800 [date] => 21/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our eleventh on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international law.The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2021 found that: 1) 35 countries still retain the death penalty for drug offences 2) At least 131 people were executed for drug offences in 2021 – a 336% increase from 2020. However, due to a severe lack of transparency, if not outright censorship, this is only a partial picture. This figure likely represents only a fraction of all drug-related executions carried out globally. [texte] => THE DEATH PENALTYFOR DRUG OFFENCES:GLOBAL OVERVIEW2021Harm Redu!ion International (HRI) is a leadingnon-governmental organisation dedicated toreducing the negative health, social and legalimpa!s of drug use and drug policy. We promotethe rights of people who use drugs and theircommunities through research and advocacy tohelp achieve a world where drug policies and lawscontribute to healthier, safer societies.The organisation is an NGO with SpecialConsultative Status with the Economic and SocialCouncil of the United Nations.The Death Penalty for Drug O"ences:Global Overview 2021Giada Girelli and Ajeng Larasati© Harm Redu!ion International, 2022ISBN: 978-1-915255-00-6Designed by ESCOLAPublished by Harm Redu!ionInternational61 Mansell Street, AldgateLondon E1 8ANTelephone: +44 (0)20 7324 3535E-mail: o"ce@hri.globalWebsite: www.hri.global4This report would not be possible without data made available or sharedby leading human rights organisations and individual experts, many of whomprovided advice and assi#ance throughout the dra$ing process. We would%ecifically like to thank the Abdorrahman Boroumand Centre for HumanRights (ABC), Ambika Satkunanathan, the Anti-Death Penalty Asian Network(ADPAN), the Bahrain In#itute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD), the EuropeanSaudi Organisation for Human Rights (ESOHR), the Human Rights Commissionof Paki#an (HRCP), the In#itute for Criminal Ju#ice Reform (ICJR), Kir#en Han,and Proje! 39A (National Law University, Delhi).Thanks are also owed to colleagues at Harm Redu!ion Internationalfor their feedback and support in preparing this report: Gen Sander, CinziaBrentari, Naomi Burke-Shyne, Catherine Cook, Colleen Daniels, Lucy O’Hare,Maddie O’Hare, Suchitra Rajagopalan, Sam Shirley-Beavan, Olga Szubert andAnne Taiwo.Any errors are the sole re%onsibility of Harm Redu!ion International.AcknowledgementsHarm Redu!ion International (HRI) has monitored the use of thedeath penalty for drug o&ences worldwide since our fir# ground-breakingpublication on this issue in 2007. This report, our eleventh on the subje!,continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy andpra!ical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drugo&ences, a pra!ice which is a clear violation of international law. TheGlobal Overview 2021 presents an analysis of key developments relatedto the death penalty for drug o&ences in 2021, with a focus on analysingand disseminating available figures on drug-related executions anddeath sentences. An overview is compiled for each category, includingcase #udies where relevant. A supplementary analysis of other nationalpolicy developments can be found at the end of this report.Harm Redu!ion International opposes the death penalty in allcases without exception.Introduction56Drug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences or drug-relatedcrimes) are drug-related activities categorised as crimes under nationallaws. For the purposes of this report, this definition excludes activities whichare not related to the trafficking, possession or use of controlled substancesand related inchoate offences (inciting, assisting or abetting a crime).In the 35 #ates that retain the death penalty for drug o&ences,capital punishment is typically applied for the following o&ences: cultivationand manufa!uring, and the smuggling, tra"cking or importing/exportingof controlled sub#ances. However, in some of these #ates, the followingdrug o&ences may also be punishable by the death penalty (among others):possession, #oring and hiding drugs, financing drug o&ences, and inducingor coercing others into using drugs. For more information on the drug o&encespunishable by death by jurisdi!ion, visit: www.hri.global/death-penalty-2021.HRI’s research on the death penalty for drug o&ences excludescountries where drug o&ences are punishable with death only if they involve,or result in, intentional killing. For example, in Saint Lucia (not included in thisreport), the only drug-related o&ence punishable by death is murder committedin conne!ion with drug tra"cking or other drug o&ences.1The death penalty is reported as ‘mandatory’ when it is the only punishmentthat can be imposed following a convi!ion for at lea# certain categoriesof drug o&ences (without regard to the particular circum#ances of theo&ence or the o&ender). Mandatory sentences hamper judicial sentencingdiscretion; thus, according to international human rights #andards, they areinherently arbitrary.21 Article 86(1)(d)(vi), Criminal Code of Saint Lucia (A! 9 of 2004 in force from 1 January 2005).2 UN Human Rights Commi'ee, ‘General Comment 36 on the Right to Life’, UN Doc. CCPR/C/GC/36 (3 September 2019),para 37; UN Commission on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, ‘Including the Que#ions of Disappearances andSummary Executions: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Philip Al#on’, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2007/5 (22 December 2004),para. 63-4 and 80.Methodology7The numbers that have been included in this report are drawn fromand cross-checked again# o"cial government reports (where available) and#ate-run news agencies; court judgments; non-governmental organisations’(NGO) reports and databases; United Nations (UN) documents; media reports;scholarly articles; and communications with local a!ivi#s and human rightsadvocates, organisations and groups. Unless %ecified, the source for allfigures and information provided in this report is an internal HRI dataset ondeath sentences and executions for drug o&ences, available upon reque#from the authors. Every e&ort has been taken to minimise inaccuracies, butthere is always the potential for error. HRI welcomes information or additionaldata not included in this report.Identifying current drug laws and controlled drugs schedules in somecountries can be challenging due to limited reporting and recording at thenational level, together with language barriers. Some governments make theirlaws available on o"cial websites; others do not. Where it was not possible forHRI to independently verify a %ecific law, the report relies on credible secondarysources.With re%e! to data on death row population, death sentences andexecutions, the margin for error is even greater. In many countries, informationabout the use of the death penalty is shrouded in secrecy, or opaque at be#.For this reason, many of the figures cited in this report cannot be consideredcomprehensive, and in#ead mu# be considered as the minimum number ofconfirmed sentences, executions, or individuals on death row; real numbers arehigher, in some cases significantly so. Where information is incomplete, therehas been an a'empt to identify the gaps. In some cases, information amongsources is discordant due to this lack of tran%arency. In these cases, HRI hasmade a judgement based on available evidence.When the symbol ‘+’ is found next to a number, it means that the reportedfigure refers to the minimum confirmed number, but according to crediblereports the a!ual figure is likely to be higher. Total figures are calculated byusing the minimum confirmed figures.8CategoriesHRI has identified 35 countries and territories that retain the death penaltyfor drug o&ences in law. Only a small number of these countries carry outexecutions for drug o&ences regularly. In fa!, six of these #ates are classifiedby Amne#y International as abolitioni# in pra!ice.3 This means that they havenot carried out executions for any crime in the pa# 10 years (although in somecases death sentences are #ill pronounced), and “are believed to have a policyor e#ablished pra!ice of not carrying out executions.”4 Other countries haveneither sentenced to death nor executed anyone for a drug o&ence, de%itehaving dedicated laws in place.To demon#rate the di&erences between law and pra!ice among #ateswith the death penalty for drug o&ences, HRI categorises countries into highapplication, low application, or symbolic application #ates.3 Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR, Mauritania, Myanmar, South Korea, and Sri Lanka. See ‘Death Sentences and Executionsin 2020’ (London: Amne#y International, 2021), h'ps://www.amne#y.org/en/documents/a!50/3760/2021/en/.4 Ibid., pag. 58.High Application States are thosein which executions of individualsconvi!ed of drug o&ences werecarried out, and/or at lea# 10drug-related death sentences peryear were imposed in the pa# fiveyears.Low Application States are thosewhere, although no executions fordrug o&ences were carried out inthe pa# five years, death sentencesfor drug o&ences were imposed onnine or fewer individuals in the sameperiod.Symbolic Application States arethose that have the death penalty fordrug o&ences within their legislationbut have not carried out executionsnor sentenced individuals to death fordrug crimes in the pa# five years.A fourth category, insu#cient data,denotes in#ances where there issimply not enough information toclassify the country accurately.9Executive Summary2021 in a SnapshotThe Death Penalty for DrugO&ences at the UnitedNationsThe Death Penalty for DrugO&ences: Global Overview20211216182131364042High Application StatesLow Application StatesSymbolic ApplicationStatesInsu"cient DataOther NationalDevelopmentsContents10 1133High Application1. China2. Indonesia3. Iran4. Malaysia5. North Korea (DPRK)6. Saudi Arabia7. Singapore8. VietnamLow Application9. Bahrain10. Bangladesh11. Brunei Darussalam12. Egypt13. Iraq14. Kuwait15. Lao PDR16. Paki!an17. Sri Lanka18. State of Pale!ine(Gaza)19. Thailand20. United Arab EmiratesSymbolic Application21. Cuba22. India23. Jordan24. Mauritania25. Myanmar26. Oman27. Qatar28. South Korea29. South Sudan30. Sudan31. Taiwan32. United Statesof America33. Libya34. Syria35. Yemen3221151218 133517161927202622242930923316231285117482510Countryby Country34 1412In 2021, 35 countries retain the death penalty for a range of drug o&ences.Civil society had grounds for optimism at the beginning of the year, thanksto some promising developments in 2020: in Singapore, no executions tookplace for the fir# time s [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/death-penalty-2021 ) [471] => Array ( [objectID] => 18520 [title] => Cuba – Committee Against Torture – Death Penalty – March 2022 [timestamp] => 1647820800 [date] => 21/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/cuba-committee-against-torture-death-penalty-march-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Cuba has maintained a de facto moratorium on the imposition of the death penalty since its last reported execution in 2003. In 2010, Cuba's Supreme Court commuted the death sentence of Cuba's last remaining death row inmate. As of the date of this report, there is no record of an individual currently sentenced to death. Although a de facto moratorium is in place, Cuba has not committed to a de jure abolition of the death penalty, citing national security concerns. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org CUBACompliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996andThe World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 73rd Session of the Committee Against Torture19 April–13 May 2022 Submitted 18 March 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a volunteer-based non-government organization committed to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Established in 2002, its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Cuba has maintained a de facto moratorium on the imposition of the death penalty since its last reported execution in 2003. In 2010, Cuba’s Supreme Court commuted the death sentence of Cuba’s last remaining death row inmate. As of the date of this report, there is no record of an individual currently sentenced to death.1 Although a de facto moratorium is in place, Cuba has not committed to a de jure abolition of the death penalty, citing national security concerns.2I. The Cuban Government Refuses to Abolish the Death Penalty (List of Issues Paragraphs 20, 26).2. Noting that there were no convicted prisoners awaiting execution, the Committee in 2012 “remain[ed] concerned about the high number of offences that carry the death penalty, including common crimes and vaguely defined categories of State security-related offences.”33. The Cuban Government’s Third Periodic Report states that “Cuba is against the application of the death penalty and favours abolishing it once the right conditions for doing so are in place. . . . However, the country has been forced, in the legitimate defence of its national security, to choose the path of adopting and enforcing severe laws against terrorist activities and crimes designed to destroy the Cuban State . . . .”44. In its List of issues, the Committee asked whether Cuba will abolish the death penalty andratify the ICCPR and its Second Optional Protocol.5 Although the Cuban Government notes that a de facto moratorium on the death penalty has been in place since 2003, the Cuban government has not committed to a de jure moratorium, abolishing the death penalty, orratifying the ICCPR or its Second Optional Protocol. The Cuban Government has tied abolishing capital punishment to “the cessation of the policy of aggression that the Government of the United States has practised against Cuba . . . .”6 The Cuban Government did not respond directly to the Committee’s concerns about the application of the death penalty to common crimes under the Cuban penal code.a. Cuba does not limit the death penalty to the most serious crimes (List of Issues Paragraph 26)5. The Committee expressed concern about the number of offenses which carry the death penalty, including common crimes and vaguely defined categories of state security offenses.1 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2020, p. 16, ACT 50/3760/2021, Apr. 21, 2021.2 Committee Against Torture, 3rd periodic report. U.N. Doc. CAT. ¶ 198; State Party Response ¶ 135.3 Committee Against Torture, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention, (June 25, 2012), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/CUB/CO/2, ¶¶ 1-33 [hereinafter “2012 Concluding Observations”].4 Committee Against Torture, Third periodic report submitted by Cuba under article 19 of the Convention, due in 2016, (Oct. 19, 2018), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/CUB/3, ¶¶ 1-303 [hereinafter “2018 State Party Report”].5 Committee Against Torture, List of issues in relation to the submission of the third periodic report of Cuba, (Dec. 19, 2019), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/CUB/Q/3, ¶¶ 1-37 [hereinafter “2019 List of Issues”].6 Committee Against Torture, Replies of Cuba to the list of issues in relation to its third period report, (Feb. 11, 2020), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/CUB/RQ/3, ¶¶ 1-171 [hereinafter “2020 State Party Response”].36. The Cuban Penal Code authorizes capital punishment for certain crimes. Notably, there is nomandatory death penalty for any offense; alternative sentencings are available for any capital offense.77. Crimes punishable by death include: aggravated murder, terrorism-related offenses, rape, robbery, drug trafficking, treason, espionage, war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, working as a mercenary, piracy, apartheid, pedophilia, corruption of minors (introducing a minor into prostitution, homosexuality, or criminal behavior).88. Cuba has asserted that the death penalty is “imposed only. . . in the most serious cases.”9Despite the Cuban Government’s assertions, the Cuban penal code does not limit the death penalty to the most serious crimes. Most of the crimes listed in the previous paragraph do not involve the intentional killing of a person by the person at risk of being sentenced to death. 9. A public opinion survey conducted in 2016 indicates support among Cuban citizens for abolishing the death penalty. Of those surveyed, 52% favored abolition. Only 13% of respondents supported retaining the death penalty as it exists in the Cuban penal code. The remaining respondents believed the penal code should be amended to restrict the death penalty to only the most serious of crimes.10b. Cuba does not ensure that all individuals have access to fundamental legal safeguards in criminal proceedings (List of Issues Paragraph 20)10. Although legally a defendant has the right to hire an attorney at any time and is legally entitled to a public defender once formal charges are filed,11 the Committee has expressed concern regarding these legal safeguards available to individuals who are in detention. The Committee requested Cuba provide information on the measures adopted to eliminate any unjustified restrictions on lawyers visits to persons deprived of their liberty.1211. The Cuban Government provided a generic response to the Committee, stating, “[t]he Prison System Regulations recognize the right of inmates . . . to meet with their lawyers and receive legal assistance . . . and consular visits in the case of foreigners and authorized Cubans residing abroad, upon request from diplomatic headquarters. These rights are guaranteed.”13 The Cuban Government failed to provide additional information regarding the measures taken to specifically guarantee these legal safeguards with respect to people in detention generally, and to people who are at risk of being sentenced to death.12. Cuba emphasizes generally that no one has been executed since 2003. It should be noted, however, that Cuba’s last execution in 2003 drew international concern regarding the lack of legal safeguards afforded to the people the government executed. Despite a brief de facto moratorium on the death penalty at the time, the Cuban Government elected to execute three 7Cuba Law No. 87, art. 30, 1999; Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, “Death Penalty Database: Cuba”, accessed March 11, 2022, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?country=cuba [hereinafter “Cornell Center on the Death Penalty”]8 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty.9 2018 State Party Report, ¶ 200.10 https://havanatimes.org/opinion/what-do-cubans-think-about-the-death-penalty/11 U.S. Department of State, 2009 Human Rights Report: Cuba, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136108.htm, Mar. 11, 2010.12 2019 List of Issues, ¶ 20,13 2020 State Party Response, ¶ 110.4men convicted of terrorism. The three men reportedly hijacked a Cuban ferry carrying several dozen passengers and sought to force it go to the United States. The incident occurred without bloodshed despite an armed standoff with Cuban security forces. The three men later stood trial for terrorism and were sentenced to death by firing squad less than a week after their trial began. The international community expressed concern that death sentences pronounced after an inadequate and unfair judicial process signaled that the Cuban Government’s respect for human rights was eroding.1413. Despite the Cuban Government’s assertion that certain due process rights are guaranteed to all detained individuals, there are reports of individuals, particularly political prisoners, who are denied due process guarantees.1514. The Cuban Government punishes dissent and public criticism of the government, the judicial system, and the penal code. Reports persist of the Cuban Government’s use of arbitrary detention to harass, intimidate, and torture its critics, independent activists, and political opponents. In 2016, reports of arbitrary detention reached an average of 827 detentions a month. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cuba ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Cuba-CAT-death-penalty.pdf ) [472] => Array ( [objectID] => 18619 [title] => Iraq – Committee Against Torture – Death Penalty – March 2022 [timestamp] => 1647561600 [date] => 18/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iraq-committee-against-torture-death-penalty-march-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provides an update to the coauthors' report at the List of issues stage and responds to the State party's responses to the Committee's questions in the List of issues that touch on the death penalty. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org IRAQCompliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman orDegrading Treatment or Punishment:The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996and The World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 73rd Session of the Committee against Torture 19 April–13 May 2022Submitted 18 March 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report provides an update to the coauthors’ report at the List of issues stage1and responds to the State party’s responses to the Committee’s questions in the List of issues that touch on the death penalty.Iraq fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture with respect to the death penalty (List of issues paragraph 26, art. 16)2. The Committee in its List of issues inquired as to “whether the State party has reconsidered its position regarding the possibility of abolishing the death penalty and, in the meantime, establishing a moratorium on executions.”23. In response to the List of issues, the Iraqi Government asserted that its use of the death penalty “is restricted to the most serious offences; those that affect the right to life or the peace and security of society.”3 The Iraqi Government added that its use of the death penalty “has been reduced to a limited number of offences defined by law”44. As described in greater detail in the coauthors’ previous report, Iraq retains the death penalty for a wide range of offenses, most of which do not involve an intentional killing on the part of the person being sentenced to death.55. In November 2020, the Special Rapporteur on Torture, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights while countering terrorism, and the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions issued a statement expressing their alarm at reports that since October 2020, Iraqi authorities had “reportedly initiated a wave of executions of prisoners on death row at the Nasiriyah central prison (also known as al-Hoot prison). Twenty-one were executed during October, followed by another 21 on 16 November alone, in what seems to be part of a larger plan to execute all prisoners on death row.”6 The experts estimated that approximately 4,000 people were on death row, most of whom had been 1 The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Iraq’s Compliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: Suggested List of Issues Relating to the Death Penalty, June 22, 2020, https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/res/byid/8729.2 Committee Against Torture, List of issues in relation to the second periodic report of Iraq, (23 Dec. 2020), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/IRQ/Q/2, ¶ 26.3 Committee Against Torture, Replies of Iraq to the list of issues in relation to its second periodic report, (18 Jan. 2022), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/IRQ/RQ/2, ¶ 166.4 Committee Against Torture, Replies of Iraq to the list of issues in relation to its second periodic report, (18 Jan. 2022), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/IRQ/RQ/2, ¶ 166.5 The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Iraq’s Compliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: Suggested List of Issues Relating to the Death Penalty, June 22, 2020, ¶¶ 4-7,https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/res/byid/8729.6Iraq: Wave of mass executions must stop, trials are unfair – UN experts, UN Human Rights Council (press release), 20 Nov. 2020, https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/iraq-wave-mass-executions-must-stop-trials-are-unfair-unexperts.3charged with terrorism-related offenses.7 According to the statement, “hundreds of deaths were now imminent after their execution orders had been signed-off.”86. The UN experts also described “serious human rights concerns” regarding Iraq’s AntiTerrorism law no. 13 of 2005, which includes a “vague and overly broad definition of terrorism. Under the law, an individual can face trial on terrorism charges and can be sentenced to death for a non-violent crime committed without intent to terrorize the population. Furthermore, when rendering punishment, no distinction is made between different levels of participation, involvement and responsibility in terrorist acts and no assessment is made based on the severity of the act.”97. Despite concerns from UN experts, Iraq has continued to step up the pace of executions. In December 2020, authorities executed three people who had been convicted of “terrorism” offenses.10 Iraq carried out at least 45 executions in 2020, according to Amnesty International.118. Iraqi authorities tend to step up executions in response to political pressure. For example, after an attack by the “Islamic State” in January 2021, Iraqi authorities disclosed that they were prepared to carry out more than 340 execution orders for “terrorist or criminal acts.”12 In response to public calls for revenge after the attack, President Barham Salih had ratified these death sentences.13 In late January 2021, authorities executed three people convicted of “terrorism.”14 In February 2021, Iraqi authorities conducted another mass execution, this time of five men who had been convicted of terrorism-related offenses.15 They held another mass 7Iraq: Wave of mass executions must stop, trials are unfair – UN experts, UN Human Rights Council (press release), 20 Nov. 2020, https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/iraq-wave-mass-executions-must-stop-trials-are-unfair-unexperts.8Iraq: Wave of mass executions must stop, trials are unfair – UN experts, UN Human Rights Council (press release), 20 Nov. 2020, https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/iraq-wave-mass-executions-must-stop-trials-are-unfair-unexperts.9Iraq: Wave of mass executions must stop, trials are unfair – UN experts, UN Human Rights Council (press release), 20 Nov. 2020, https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/iraq-wave-mass-executions-must-stop-trials-are-unfair-unexperts.10 Report: Iraq hangs three men on ‘terrorism’ charges, Agence France Presse, i24 News, Dec. 14, 2021, https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/middle-east/the-gulf/1639485344-report-iraq-hangs-three-men-on-terrorismcharges.11 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020 (2021), at 9, https://www.amnesty.org.uk/files/2021-04/DEATH%20SENTENCES%20AND%20EXECUTIONS%202020%20Web%20%281%29.pdf?VersionId=8oYJ0oZFmsKrV67.bYSCX1NHvBNSxAYZ.12 Iraq executes five men convicted of terrorism, Arab Weekly, Feb. 10, 2021, https://thearabweekly.com/iraqexecutes-five-men-convicted-terrorism; Fears of Iraq execution spree after Daesh attack, Arab News, Jan. 25, 2021, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1797941/middle-east.13 Sinan Mahmoud, Iraq authorizes mass execution of militants and criminals after ISIS bombings, National, Jan. 26, 2021, https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/iraq-authorises-mass-execution-of-militants-and-criminalsafter-isis-bombings-1.1152541.14 Iraq executes five men convicted of terrorism, Arab Weekly, Feb. 10, 2021, https://thearabweekly.com/iraqexecutes-five-men-convicted-terrorism.15 Iraq executes five men convicted of terrorism, Arab Weekly, Feb. 10, 2021, https://thearabweekly.com/iraqexecutes-five-men-convicted-terrorism.4execution in August 2021, hanging six people, three of whom had been sentenced to death for terrorism-related offenses.169. Iraqi courts continue to sentence people to death, with at least 27 death sentences in 2020 alone.17 The Iraqi Ministry of Justice reported to the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq that as of November 2020, it was holding 11,595 persons in its facilities under sentence of death.1810. In many cases, the defendants are not alleged to have carried out an intentional killing. For example, in February 2022, an Iraqi court sentenced two people to death for providing “false intelligence” to the police that ultimately resulted in a raid of a home, during which security forces opened fire and killed 20 people.1911. The Government of Iraq further responded that it had reinstated the death penalty “as a way of preserving community peace,” because the country is “faced with the serious crimes threatening the peace of society committed by terrorist bands” and considers the death penalty “to constitute a deterrent.”2012. The G [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Iraq-CAT-Death-Penalty-FINAL-1.pdf ) [473] => Array ( [objectID] => 18523 [title] => Kenya – Committee Against Torture – Death Penalty – March 2022 [timestamp] => 1647561600 [date] => 18/03/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/kenyas-compliance-with-the-convention-against-torture-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Kenya has not carried out any executions since the late 1980s. Nonetheless, Kenya continues to hand down the death penalty as a sentence in criminal cases. Accordingly, this report recommends that the Committee Against Torture recommend that Kenya formally abolish the death penalty, commute the sentences of all persons on death row, and revise laws to remove capital punishment from the list of principal sentences. Kenya should further take steps to prohibit introduction of evidence obtained through torture and ill-treatment in criminal proceedings and to ensure that all persons at risk of being sentenced to death have access to well-qualified legal counsel with adequate funding for a thorough pre-trial investigation. Kenya should ensure that no person is removed to a country where they may be at risk of being sentenced to death, and should take concrete steps to ensure that conditions of detention for persons under sentence of death comply with the Nelson Mandela Rules. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org KENYACompliance with the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty andthe International Commission of Jurists Kenyafor the 73rd Session of the Committee against Torture 19 April–13 May 2022Submitted 18 March 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a volunteer-based non-government organization committed to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Established in 2002, its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.ICJ Kenya is a non-governmental, non-profit and a member-based organization. Established in 1959, ICJ Kenya is the only autonomous national section of ICJ based in Geneva, Switzerland. ICJ Kenya is registered as a Society under the Societies Act, Chapter 108, Laws of Kenya. The organization has a membership drawn from the Bar and the Bench. ICJ Kenya seeks to promote a just, free and equitable society. ICJ Kenya is a member of the World Organization Against Torture (OMCT) SOS-Torture Network and the East African Coalition on the Abolition of the Death Penalty. ICJ Kenya has observer status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ rights.2The Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) is a premier and flagship Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in Africa with a mandate of enhancing human rights centered governance at all levels, a vision of a society of free people and a mission to root human dignity, freedoms and social justice in Kenya and beyond. KHRC works with more than thirty Human Rights Networks (HURINETs) and other grassroots community organizations based in more than thirty counties in Kenya; partners with more than thirty national level state- and non-state actors and coalitions; and more than fifty sub-regional, regional and international human rights organizations and networks.The KHRC has been recognized for countless and remarkable accomplishments, including but not limited to sustaining tenacity, resilience and commitment to provide the requisite political and technical responses and leadership to key human rights, governance and transitional justice issues at all the levels in society, building rights movement through facilitation of communitybased human rights networks and incubation and support of nascent human rights organizations at National, Regional and International level. KHRC’s work around abolition of the death penalty has entailed policy, advocacy and legal interventions that are aimed at complete abolition of the death penalty in Kenya. To this end, KHRC has been able to advocate for complete abolition of the death penalty at the National and Transnational level. KHRC is a member of the world coalition against the Death Penalty.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Kenya has not carried out any executions since the late 1980s. Nonetheless, Kenya continuesto hand down the death penalty as a sentence in criminal cases. Accordingly, this report recommends that the Committee Against Torture recommend that Kenya formally abolish the death penalty, commute the sentences of all persons on death row, and revise laws to remove capital punishment from the list of principal sentences. Kenya should further take steps to prohibit introduction of evidence obtained through torture and ill-treatment in criminal proceedings and to ensure that all persons at risk of being sentenced to death have access to well-qualified legal counsel with adequate funding for a thorough pre-trial investigation. Kenya should ensure that no person is removed to a country where they may be at risk of being sentenced to death, and should take concrete steps to ensure that conditions of detention for persons under sentence of death comply with the Nelson Mandela Rules.Kenya fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentI. Death Penalty (arts. 2 and 16)2. In its 2013 Concluding Observations, the Committee expressed concern about legal uncertainty of the death penalty following judgments from the High Court, about the high number of death sentences, including for minor offences, and the conditions of the 1,600 persons on death row at the time. The Committee recommended that Kenya reconsider the possibility of abolishing the death penalty and also recommended that Kenya “ensure that all persons on death row are treated humanely.” The Committee also encouraged Kenyan authorities to “support the efforts of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights to conduct a survey and awarenessraising measures regarding public opinion on the death penalty.”13. In its List of issues prior to submission of the third periodic report of Kenya, the Committeedid not specifically reference the death penalty but raised several issues relevant to people at risk of being sentenced to death and to people who are on death row.4. Kenyan law authorizes the death penalty for several crimes, including murder, administering an oath purporting to bind a person to commit a capital offense, robbery and attempted robbery with violence (not resulting in death), treason, and several military offenses not resulting in death.25. Kenya has not carried out an execution since 1987.3In recent years, Kenya has commuted thousands of death sentences by presidential decree. In 2016, President Kenyatta commuted the death sentences of all prisoners on death row.4 Kenya has continued some commutations 1 Committee against Torture, Concluding observations on the second periodic report of Kenya, (19 June 2013), U.N. Doc. CAT/C/KEN/CO/2, ¶ 33.2 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Kenya, https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=38 (last visited Mar. 12, 2022).3 Mary Kulundu, “No, Kenya is not introducing the death penalty for wildlife poachers,” Fact Check, available at https://factcheck.afp.com/no-kenya-not-introducing-death-penalty-wildlife-poachers (last updated February 7, 2020). 4“President Commutes All Death Sentences in Kenya,” Death Penalty Information Center, available at https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/president-commutes-all-death-sentences-in-kenya (published October 27, 2016). 4during the COVID-19 pandemic.5 Nonetheless, authorities sentenced at least 29 people to death in 2019, continued to sentence people to death in 2020, and as of the end of 2020, at least 1,000 people were on death row.66. The Supreme Court of Kenya in 2017 issued a landmark decision striking down the mandatory death penalty for murder. The case, entitled Francis Karioko Muruatetu and Another v. Republic,7 has important implications for access to justice in the sentencing process for all Kenyans under sentence of death. 7. In Muruatetu, the petitioners had been convicted of murder and given the then-mandatory sentence of death. The Court held that the mandatory death penalty for murder convictions was unconstitutional.8 The Court found that the mandatory death sentence deprived judges of their right to consider mitigating circumstances, and deprived convicted persons of their right to appeal their sentences. The Court further held that the mandatory death sentence was an unfair and unjust procedure for the termination of life.9In rendering its decision, the Court concluded that the mandatory death penalty violated a person’s right to dignity, justice, and equality.108. Following the Muruatetu decision, the Court gave public agencies a year to prepare a plan for resentencing hearings for persons sentenced to death for murder.11 The national assembly and senate were also directed to draw up amendments to the law to comport with the Muruatetudecision. Progress on all fronts has been very slow. In the interim, lower courts have been confused as to how to deal with sentencing and applying their own interpretations of the decision.129. The attorney general’s task force recommendations in the wake of Muruatetu stated that the death penalty should be reserved “for the rarest of rare cases involving intentional and aggravated acts of killing.”13 Nonetheless, as discussed in paragraph 4 above, Kenyan law authorizes the death penalty for crimes that do not involve an intentional killing by the person who is eligible for the death penalty.10. In July 2021, the Supreme Court concluded that the national assembly, senate, attorney general, and the Kenya law reform commission had failed to meet the court’s deadline for revisions to 5“Covid-19: Calling for a Worldwide Moratorium on the Death Penalty Du [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kenya-CAT-Death-Penalty.pdf ) [474] => Array ( [objectID] => 18373 [title] => Middle East and North Africa: Abolitionist civil societies in full swing despite a difficult context [timestamp] => 1644883200 [date] => 15/02/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mena-death-penalty-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the publication of the Human Rights Watch World Report 2022, the World Coalition looks back at recent developments and civil society mobilization against the death penalty in the Arab world. [texte] => On the occasion of the publication of the Human Rights Watch World Report 2022, the World Coalition looks back at recent developments and civil society mobilization against the death penalty in the Arab world. (more…) "Middle East and North Africa: Abolitionist civil societies in full swing despite a difficult context" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain [1] => Egypt [2] => Iraq [3] => Morocco [4] => Saudi Arabia [5] => State of Palestine [6] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Moratorium [2] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [475] => Array ( [objectID] => 18344 [title] => The Status Quo of China’s Death Penalty and the Civil Society Abolitionist Movement [timestamp] => 1644883200 [date] => 15/02/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/china-death-penalty-2022/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/death-penalty-in-china-2022-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Translation of an article on the death penalty in China for the Beijing Olympics 2022, initially published by Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty in October 2021 for World Day. [texte] => Translation of an article on the death penalty in China for the Beijing Olympics 2022, initially published by Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty in October 2021 for World Day. (more…) "The Status Quo of China’s Death Penalty and the Civil Society Abolitionist Movement" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [476] => Array ( [objectID] => 18300 [title] => Death Penalty in India – Annual Statistics Report 2021 [timestamp] => 1643932800 [date] => 04/02/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Project 39A at the National Law University, Delhi published the sixth edition of the Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report which provides an annual update on the use of the death penalty in India along with legislative and international developments on the issue. As on 31st December 2021, there were 488 prisoners on death row across India (a steep rise of nearly 21% from 2020), with Uttar Pradesh having the highest number at 86. This is the highest the death row population has been since 2004 as per the data from the Prison Statistics published by the National Crime Records Bureau. [texte] => DEATH PENALTYIN INDIA2021AnnualStatisticsReport12LIST OFCONTRIBUTORSPUBLISHED BYProject 39ANational Law University, DelhiSector 14, DwarkaNew Delhi 110078Published in January 2022National Law University, Delhi 2022All rights reservedWRITINGHrishika JainAdrĳa GhoshRESEARCH ASSISTANCEAshna DevaprasadDESIGNJameela AhmedINDEXList of Contributors 2Foreword 6Overview of Developments in 2021 7Cumulative Figures on Persons Sentenced to Death 9State-Wise Distribution of Persons on Death Row 10Death Penalty Cases 2021 11Sessions Courts in 2021 12Number of Death Sentences Imposed bySessions Courts 12State-Wise Distribution of Death SentencesImposed by Sessions Courts 13Nature of Offences for Those Sentenced toDeath by Sessions Courts 15Death Penalty in Cases of Sexual Offences 17High Courts in 2021 21Nature of Offences in the High Courts in 2021 23Sentences Imposed by High Courts onCommutation of Death Sentence 25High Court Confirmations in 2021 26High Court Commutations in 2021 28High Court Acquittals in 2021 35High Court Remitted Cases in 2021 40Supreme Court in 2021 41Nature of Offences in the Supreme Court in 2021 43Supreme Court Sentences Imposed onCommutation of Death Sentence 45Supreme Court Acquittals in 2021 46Supreme Court Commutations in 2021 47Analysis of Supreme Court Decisions in 2021 49Commutations 50Acquittals 54Legislative Developments 56International Developments 58Final Observations 60Corrections to Annual Statistics 6256This is the sixth edition of the Death Penalty in India: AnnualStatistics Report. The implementation of the death penalty in Indiahas seen significant shifts over the course of the last six years.With 488 prisoners under the sentence of death at the end of 2021,this is the highest number of persons on death row since we startedmaintaining these records. This is attributable to the trial courtsimposing death sentences at pre-pandemic levels but appellatecourts deciding far fewer death sentence cases. In the last six years,2020 had the lowest number of death sentences imposed by trialcourts (78) due to the pandemic. However, 2021 saw a sharpincrease to nearly double that number at 144. Appellate courtsdecided far fewer matters compared to previous years, with theHigh Courts deciding 39 matters (76 in 2019) and the Supreme Courtdeciding 6 (28 in 2019). It must also be mentioned that 2021 is thefirst year since we started publishing the annual statistics that theSupreme Court did not uphold a single death sentence.As with our previous editions, we have kept up our efforts toimprovise and innovate our data collection methods to plug variousgaps that exist. We continue to rely on news reports of deathsentences imposed by trial courts across English and Hindi onlinenews outlets, which are then verified against judgments uploaded onHigh Court and district court websites.Exceptional contributions by Ashna Devaprasad (V-year, NUALSKochi) were instrumental in compiling the statistics for the presentreport. In addition, the tireless efforts of Anushree Verma, AyanGupta, V. Shanthan Reddy, and Tanishka Goswami in verifying thedata made the timely publication of this report possible. We alsothank Samriddha Sen (V-year, Department of Law, University ofCalcutta) for the research assistance provided.None of this would have been possible without the efforts of VarshaSharma and Pritam Raman Giriya who were instrumental in thedevelopment of the original directory and publication of previousreports. Lubhyathi Rangarajan, Peter John, Poornima Rajeshwar,Rahul Raman, Neetika Vishwanath, Preeti Pratishruti Dash, GaleAndrew, and Aishwarya Mohanty have played key roles in authoringprevious editions of the report.FOREWORD72021 saw the highest number of prisoners on death row at the endof the year since 2016 at 488, an increase of nearly 21% from 2020.When compared with data from the Prison Statistics of India reportsreleased by the National Crime Records Bureau, this is the highestthe death row population has been since 2004, when it was 563.Although 2020 had the lowest number of death sentences imposedby trial courts in six years at 78 due to the pandemic, 2021 saw asharp increase to nearly double that at 144. However, appellatecourts decided far fewer matters, with High Courts deciding 39matters in 2021 and 31 matters in 2020 compared to 76 in 2019. InSeptember 2021, the Supreme Court listed death sentence matterson priority, and ultimately decided six matters in 2021, compared to11 in 2020 and 28 in 2019. The limited functioning of appellate courtsin both 2020 and 2021 meant fewer appeals of prisoners sentencedto death being decided, and a far greater number of prisonersremaining on death row at the end of the year.Out of the 39 cases decided by High Courts, four resulted inconfirmation of the death sentences, 18 in commutation to lifeimprisonment, 15 in acquittal of all charges, and two cases wereremitted to the trial court. The Supreme Court did not confirm anydeath sentences in 2021. Four prisoners in two cases were acquittedof murder simpliciter and dacoity with murder respectively. Thedeath sentences of five prisoners were commuted in four cases, twocases being that of murder involving sexual offences, while the othertwo were of murder simpliciter.Murder simpliciter accounted for a majority of the death sentencesimposed by trial courts in 2021 at 62 out of 144 death sentences,compared to 48 death sentences for cases involving sexualoffences. However, these 48 death sentences were imposed in 45cases of sexual violence1 while the 62 death sentences for murdersimpliciter were imposed in 34 cases. Therefore, sexual offencesaccounted for 54.21% of all cases that resulted in a deathsentence. This indicates that sexual violence cases continue toOVERVIEW OFDEVELOPMENTS IN 20211 Sexual violence cases include homicidal and non-homicidal sexual offences, i.e., Murder involving Sexual Offences and Child Rapewithout Murder.Overview of Developments In 20218Overview of Developments In 2021heavily influence the implementation of death penalty in India, evenif the proportion of sexual violence cases has decreased from thatof 2019 and 2020 when it was at 61.62% and 59.67% respectively.The death penalty was introduced by both the Punjab and MadhyaPradesh legislature in March 2021 and August 2021 respectively, forthe offence of causing deaths by the sale or manufacture ofspurious liquor. For the first time in six years, the death penalty wasimposed by a trial court for dealing in spurious liquor, with nineprisoners sentenced to death in one case under the Bihar Prohibitionand Excise Act, 2016. Maharashtra’s state legislature unanimouslyapproved a bill introducing the death penalty for ‘heinous’ offencesof rape and gangrape. The Ministry of Women & Child Developmentalso introduced a bill that imposes capital punishment for repeataggravated trafficking crimes involving children and women.92 The status of two prisoners sentenced to death in previous years remains unclear from publicly available records.No. of Prisoners on Death Row2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 20212as on 31stDecemberas on 31stDecemberas on 31stDecemberas on 31stDecemberas on 31stDecemberas on 31stDecemberCUMULATIVE FIGURES ONPERSONS SENTENCED TO DEATH488378 4044263664001011 Jammu & Kashmir391561893741281818141381131253837308618Himachal PradeshPunjabHaryanaDelhi (NCT)RajasthanGujaratMadhya PradeshMaharashtraKarnatakaTamil NaduKeralaAndhra PradeshTelanganaChhattisgarhOdishaManipurAssamTripuraWest BengalBiharJharkhandUttar PradeshUttarakhand488 Prisoners sentencedto death as on 31stDecember 2021Number of persons currently on death row0 86STATE-WISE DISTRIBUTIONOF PERSONS ON DEATH ROW113 In the format of Prisoners (Cases).DEATH PENALTY CASES 202130 5 4SUPREME COURTHIGH COURTSSESSIONS COURTS06 2114429 2(4)(5) (18) (15) (2)(2)Death SentencesConfirmationsCommutationsAcquittalsRemitted12SESSIONS COURTS IN 2021Number of Death Sentences Imposed by Sessions Courts1532016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021110 163 104 78 14413STATE-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHSENTENCES IMPOSED BY SESSIONS COURTSUttar PradeshAndhra PradeshMadhya PradeshJharkhandBiharOdishaUttarakhandWest BengalTamil NaduRajasthanGujaratHaryana20162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202120162017201820192020202133 20 15 12 13 340 1 4 0 3 1314 6 22 11 6 53 3 9 8 5 422 11 5 7 3 270 0 9 5 0 91 1 7 2 0 536 7 5 8 9 43 13 12 3 6 156 8 14 14 4 73 0 3 2 3 42 6 2 0 2 314TotalDeathSentencesHimachal PradeshDelhi (NCT)TripuraMaharashtraManipurJammu & KashmirTelanganaChhattisgarhPunjabKeralaAssamKarnataka20162016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212016201720182019202020212017 2018 2019 2020 2021153 110 163 104 78 1440 0 3 0 0 02 0 1 0 1 10 0 0 1 2 213 22 16 7 4 30 0 1 1 1 00 1 0 0 0 16 0 2 1 6 11 1 3 1 0 20 6 4 2 2 04 2 5 4 0 10 0 6 4 3 14 2 15 11 5 215NATURE OF OFFENCES FOR THOSESENTENCED TO DEATH BY SESSIONSCOURTS4 In one case involving one prisoner, the details of the nature of offence are unavailable.5 In one case involving one prisoner, the details of the nature of offence are unavailable.6 In one case involving one prisoner, the details of the nature of offence are unavailable.Murder involvingSexual Offences2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 20212793552715543684524044624415252016 2017 2018 2019 2020 20212016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021MurderSimpliciterTerror Offences4 5 6665544167 The offence involved the sale of spurious liquor which took the lives of 19 people and resulted in the loss of eyesight of six others.261010182140060000404009124091010002016 2017 2018 2019 2020 20212016 2017 2018 2019 2020 20212016 2 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.project39a.com/annual-statistics-page-2021 ) [477] => Array ( [objectID] => 18561 [title] => Malawi – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty – January 2022 [timestamp] => 1643587200 [date] => 31/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malawi-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty-january-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detention conditions for women in Malawi are crowded, and women in prisons are not given adequate food and nutrition. Specifically, many prisons only serve people with one meal a day, often consisting of a maize meal (nsima) and peas or beans. Overcrowded conditions are a particular concern during the COVID-19 pandemic, when risk of transmission of the disease is high. Prison conditions in Malawi amount to inhuman and degrading treatment.Women in death penalty proceedings in Malawi lack access to qualified legal representation. Defense advocates in Malawi who are assigned to capital cases often lack relevant experience. In at least one case, a lawyer failed to raise the complete defense of self-defense in representing a woman who killed her husband as a result of a long history of domestic abuse. Had the defense been raised, it is possible that the woman would not have been sentenced to death. Moreover, women from poor and marginalized communities are disproportionately affected by the death penalty because when they are accused of crimes, they are often unable to understand the charges against them because they are illiterate and cannot read the complaint against them. They are also unable to retain private counsel.Women who face extensive gender-based violence are disproportionately affected by the death penalty in Malawi, including those who seek to protect themselves against their abusers. Long histories of gender-based violence can result in complex trauma and can exacerbate psycho-social or intellectual disabilities, yet sentencing courts fail to take these nefarious effects into account as factors in mitigation of a death sentence. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Malawi’s Compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against WomenSuggested List of Issues Relating to the Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyandReprievea non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOCfor the Pre-Sessional Working Group of the 83rd Session of the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women28 February – 04 March 2022Submitted 31 January 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. The Advocates is committed to ensuring human rights protection for women around the world. The Advocates has published more than 25 reports on violence against women as a human rights issue, provided consultation and commentary of draft laws on domestic violence, and trained lawyers, police, prosecutors, judges, and other law enforcement personnel to effectively implement new and existing laws on domestic violence. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty in in effect. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition. Reprieve is a charitable organization registered in the United Kingdom (No. 1114900), with special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). 2Reprieve provides free legal and investigative support to those who have been subjected to statesponsored human rights abuses. Reprieve’s clients belong to some of the most vulnerable populations in the world, as it is in their cases that human rights are most swiftly jettisoned and the rule of law is cast aside. In particular, Reprieve protects the rights of those facing the death penalty and delivers justice to victims of arbitrary detention, torture, and extrajudicial execution.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report suggests questions that the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women should raise to the government of Malawi in its List of Issues, particularly with respect to the death penalty. 2. Detention conditions for women in Malawi are crowded, and women in prisons are not given adequate food and nutrition. Specifically, many prisons only serve people with one meal a day, often consisting of a maize meal (nsima) and peas or beans. Overcrowded conditions are a particular concern during the COVID-19 pandemic, when risk of transmission of the disease is high. Prison conditions in Malawi amount to inhuman and degrading treatment.3. Women in death penalty proceedings in Malawi lack access to qualified legal representation. Defense advocates in Malawi who are assigned to capital cases often lack relevant experience. In at least one case, a lawyer failed to raise the complete defense of self-defense in representing a woman who killed her husband as a result of a long history of domestic abuse. Had the defense been raised, it is possible that the woman would not have been sentenced to death. Moreover, women from poor and marginalized communities are disproportionately affected by the death penalty because when they are accused of crimes, they are often unable to understand the charges against them because they are illiterate and cannot read the complaint against them. They are also unable to retain private counsel.4. Women who face extensive gender-based violence are disproportionately affected by the death penalty in Malawi, including those who seek to protect themselves against their abusers. Long histories of gender-based violence can result in complex trauma and can exacerbate psychosocial or intellectual disabilities, yet sentencing courts fail to take these nefarious effects into account as factors in mitigation of a death sentence.Malawi fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women5. Malawi is an “abolitionist in practice” state with regard to the death penalty.1 Since 1994, Malawi has had a de facto moratorium on executions.2 Malawian courts nonetheless continue to issue death sentences. Amnesty International reports that as of the end of 2020, 27 prisoners were on death row.3 There is currently one woman under the sentence of death in Malawi.46. In 2007, Malawi’s Supreme Court abolished the mandatory death penalty on the grounds that it violated the accused’s constitutional rights to a fair trial and access to justice.5 This judgment 1 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, p. 58, Apr. 21, 2021. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/.2 United Nations Office of the High Commissioner, Comment by UN Human Rights Spokesperson Marta Hurtado on Malawi’s death penalty reinstatement, 26 Aug. 2021. Available online at https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=27411&LangID=E3 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, Apr. 21, 2021. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/.4 Reprieve, World Day—Women Sentenced to Death: An Invisible Reality (30 Sept. 2021) (on file with authors). 5 World Justice Project, Malawi Resentencing Project. Available online at https://worldjusticeproject.org/ourwork/programs/malawi-resentencing-project4allowed for many people under sentence of death to seek reduced sentences based on mitigating factors that courts had not previously been able to consider.67. In April 2021, Malawi’s Supreme Court in Khoviwa v. The Republic ruled that all people sentenced to the mandatory death penalty who had previously been barred from resentencing must be given a new sentencing hearing immediately.7I. The Malawian Government has failed to improve prison conditions for women under the sentence of death. 8. There is currently one woman, S.J., under the sentence of death in Malawi.8 She is being held in the Domasi Prison, where the prison conditions remain similar to those of Maula Prison, which is where the Special Rapporteur on the right to food visited from 12 to 22 July 2013.9Much like the Maula Prison, the Domasi Prison lacks adequate and nutritional food for the prisoners. Most prisoners still only receive one daily meal made up of the traditional Malawian maize meal (nsima) and beans or peas due to budget constraints. S.J. reports that there is no variety in her diet, which significantly affects her health.10 Malawian prison conditions amount to inhuman and degrading treatment. In Malawi, the average life expectancy for those in prison is a mere 10 years.119. S.J. is separated from the women’s general prison population in de facto solitary confinementand reports feeling isolated.12 Though there are no reports of a difference in treatment between women under sentence of death and women serving other sentences, the Malawian prison conditions are nevertheless bleak.1310. There are several reports of severe overcrowding in Malawi’s prisons.14 In Domasi women’s prison, there is little privacy—small windowless cement cells hold two to six women at a time, 6 World Justice Project, Malawi Resentencing Project. Available online at https://worldjusticeproject.org/ourwork/programs/malawi-resentencing-project7 Reprieve, Malawi just abolished the death penalty, 6 May 2021. Available online at https://reprieve.org/us/2021/05/06/malawi-just-abolished-the-death-penalty/. The April 2021 judgment also ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional, ibid, but in August 2021, the Supreme Court reversed that part of the April decision, deeming it an “unperfected” decision reflecting the views of a single justice. The “perfected” judgment in Khoviwa reinstated the death penalty but reiterated the judgment from April calling for immediate resentencing hearings. Death Penalty Information Center, “Malawi Supreme Court Retreats from Opinion that Declared the Death Penalty Unconstitutional,” 24 Aug. 2021. Available online at https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/malawi-supremecourt-retreats-from-opinion-that-declared-the-death-penalty-unconstitutional.8 The authors have permission from S.J. to discuss the details of her case in this report. 9 Reprieve, Correspondence from Chipiliro Lulanga (on file with authors); United Nations Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Olivier De Schutter: Mission to Malawi, A/HRC/25/57/Add.1, 24 January 2014. Available online at https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session25/Documents [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Malawi-CEDAW-Death-Penalty-FINAL.pdf ) [478] => Array ( [objectID] => 18553 [title] => Qatar – Human Rights Committee – Death Penalty – January 2022 [timestamp] => 1643587200 [date] => 31/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/qatar-human-rights-committee-death-penalty-january-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Qatar had been maintaining a de facto moratorium on executions since 2000, but courts continued to sentence people to death. In 2020, however, Qatar executed a Nepali migrant worker by firing squad. Qatar's death penalty practices are not in compliance with the Covenant. Qatar does not limit the death penalty to the most serious crimes, it is not taking steps toward a de jure moratorium on executions or ratification of the Second Optional Protocol, and it does not ensure that defendants in capital cases have a fair trial. Recent history suggests that a migrant worker may be more likely to be sentenced to death and executed for killing a Qatari national, as opposed to a non-citizen. Migrant workers are particularly vulnerable in the context of the country's criminal legal system. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Qatar’s Compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996andThe World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 134th Session of the UN Human Rights Committee28 February–25 March 2022Submitted 31 January 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Qatar had been maintaining a de facto moratorium on executions since 2000, but courts continued to sentence people to death. In 2020, however, Qatar executed a Nepali migrant worker by firing squad.1 Qatar’s death penalty practices are not in compliance with the Covenant. Qatar does not limit the death penalty to the most serious crimes, it is not taking steps toward a de jure moratorium on executions or ratification of the Second Optional Protocol, and it does not ensure that defendants in capital cases have a fair trial. Recent history suggests that a migrant worker may be more likely to be sentenced to death and executed for killing a Qatari national, as opposed to a non-citizen. Migrant workers are particularly vulnerable in the context of the country’s criminal legal system.Qatar fails to uphold its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsI. Qatar’s death penalty practices are not in compliance with Articles 6 and 7 of the Covenant (List of Issues Paragraph 10).2. The Committee requested “additional information about the safeguards in place to ensure that the use of the death penalty in [Qatar] is compliant with the requirements of the Covenant . . . .”2 Qatar asserts that “Legislators have set tight controls on the application of the death penalty whereby its use is restricted within strict limits. This is consistent with article 6 of the Covenant and with the Committee’s general comment No. 36 on the right to life.”33. Qatari courts sentenced at least one person to death in 2018, at least two people in 2019, and at least four people in 2020. Qatar carried out one execution in 2020.4 Prior to 2020, Qatar’s last known execution took place in 2000.5a. Qatar does not limit the death penalty to the most serious crimes.4. The Committee also asked for information about which crimes carry the death penalty and whether such provisions are compatible with the Covenant.65. Despite Qatar’s assertions (see paragraph 2 above), Qatar does not limit the death penalty to intentional killings. Qatar is a constitutional monarchy in which Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani exercises full executive power. Sharia or Islamic law is a primary source of legislation. The Qatari penal code, contained in Law No. 11 of 2004, as amended, stipulates 1 Amnesty International Report 2020/21 on Qatar https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-northafrica/qatar/report-qatar/.2 Human Rights Committee, List of issues in relation to the initial report of Qatar, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/QAT/Q/1, (24 Aug. 2020), ¶ 10.3 Human Rights Committee, Replies of Qatar to the list of issues in relation to its initial report, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/QAT/RQ/1, (8 Apr. 2021), ¶ 41.4 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Qatar, last visited Jan. 27, 2022, https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=59.5 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020 (2021), at 43, available at https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ACT5037602021ENGLISH.pdf.6 Human Rights Committee, List of issues in relation to the initial report of Qatar, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/QAT/Q/1, (24 Aug. 2020), ¶ 10.3that crimes punishable by the death penalty include murder,7abduction leading to death,811 terrorism-related offenses,9rape,10 incest,11 repeat drug trafficking offenses, treason,12espionage,13 extortion by threat of accusation of a crime of honor, such as adultery or fornication, and giving false witness with the consequence of inflicting capital punishment on the accused. The penal code also adopts the provisions of Sharia law for certain hudud offenses, ranging from theft and drinking alcohol to apostasy. Such offenses are punishable by death. Death sentences are to be carried out by hanging or firing squad.146. A death sentence may not be carried out unless the Emir ratifies it.15 A reviewing court may reduce a death penalty to life imprisonment, or to a term of no less than five years, if it determines that mercy is warranted.16 The death penalty for the crime of murder may be commuted to a term of imprisonment if the “avenger of blood heir” forgives or accepts “blood money” from the offender.177. Death sentences may not be imposed on persons who were under the age of 18 at the time of the offense,18 pregnant women, and people with severe psycho-social disabilities.19 For persons with intellectual disabilities, “‘mental defect’ resulting in partial incapacity is an extenuating excuse, while total incapacity precludes criminal responsibility.”20b. In 2020, Qatar ended its de facto moratorium on executions and it has not indicated willingness to institute a formal moratorium on the death penalty or ratify the Second Optional Protocol.8. The Committee asked whether Qatar “intends to take steps towards a full moratorium on the death penalty and whether it is considering ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.”21 Qatar offers a generic response on ratification of outstanding human rights treaties, explaining that “the State has also embraced the principle of gradual accession, as it believes that quality is more important than quantity.”22 In 2018 and 2020, Qatar voted against the 7 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 300, 301, 302.8 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 318.9 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 250, 25210 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 279.11 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 279, 280, 28412 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105, 114, 118, 130, 131, 132, 135.13 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 107, 110, 111.14 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 59.15 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 5816 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 92.17 Law No. 11 of 2004, Articles 300, 30218 Law No. 11 of 2004, Article 20.19 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Qatar, last visited Jan. 27, 2022, https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=59 (citing Qatar Penal Code, art. 54, Law No. 11 of 2004.20 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Qatar, last visited Jan. 27, 2022, https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=59 (citing Qatar Penal Code, art. 54, Law No. 11 of 2004.21 Human Rights Committee, List of issues in relation to the initial report of Qatar, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/QAT/Q/1, (24 Aug. 2020), ¶ 10.22 Human Rights Committee, Replies of Qatar to the list of issues in relation to its initial report, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/QAT/RQ/1, (8 Apr. 2021), ¶¶ 8, 42.4United Nation’s General Assembly Resolution on the moratorium on the use of the death penalty23 and it has yet to ratify the Second Optional Protocol.9. Indeed, Qatar appears to be moving in the opposite direction. It resumed executions in 2020 and sentenced at least four people to death in that year, up from 1-2 death sentences per year in previous years.c. Legal proceedings in capital cases lack the procedural safeguards required under Article 6 as well as Articles 2, 7, 9, 10, and 14, particularly for foreign nationals (List of Issues paragraphs 10 and 21). 10. The Committee asked about “the steps taken to ensure judicial impartiality and independence and the autonomy of prosecutors,” and requested that Qatar “respond to reports of individualsbeing denied the procedural safeguards of a fair trial, contrary to article 14 of the Covenant, such as inadequate access to counsel, including in a language that they can understand, restrictions on defendants’ ability to address the courts, and the use of trials in absentia without adequate attempts to summon defendants.” 2411. Qatar asserts that “it has received no complaints of torture or ill-treatment and detected no cases of either. Nor has it received any complaints of abuse of power by police officers assigned to the Ministry [of the Interior] that involves acts meeting the definition of torture.”2512. Amnesty International has reported instances in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Qatar ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Qatar-ICCPR-DP-FINAL.pdf ) [479] => Array ( [objectID] => 18270 [title] => Papua New Guinea: one step away from full abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1642723200 [date] => 21/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/papua-new-guinea-one-step-away-from-full-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Papua-New-Guinea-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Papua New Guinea’s National Parliament voted to repeal the death penalty on 20 January2022. The bill has now to be signed into law and to be published in the official gazette. [texte] => Papua New Guinea’s National Parliament voted to repeal the death penalty on 20 January2022. The bill has now to be signed into law and to be published in the official gazette. (more…) "Papua New Guinea: one step away from full abolition of the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Papua New Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [480] => Array ( [objectID] => 18183 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2021: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2021-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty in the USA in 2021 was defined by two competing forces: the continuing long-term erosion of capital punishment across most of the country, and extreme conduct by a dwindling number of outlier jurisdictions to continue to pursue death sentences and executions. [texte] => The Death Penalty in 2021: Year End ReportVirginia’s Historic Abolition Highlights Continuing Decline of Death PenaltyExecutions characterized by botches and outlier practicesPosted on Dec 16, 2021Read the Press Release Download PDF Introduction Death Penalty Developments in the States and Counties Federal Death Penalty Execution and Sentencing Trends Innocence and Clemency Problematic Executions A Deadly Year for Prisoners with Intellectual Disability New Sentences Continue to Highlight Systemic Death Penalty Flaws Public Opinion Supreme Court Key Quotes Downloadable Resources Key Findings Virginia becomes 23rd state, and first in the South, to abolish the death penalty Seventh consecutive year with fewer than 30 executions and 50 new death sentences New study finds one exoneration for every 8.3 executions Federal execution spree ends, new administration halts all federal executions and announces policy review Note: Items marked with an asterisk are subject to change, depending on whether additional death sentences are imposed by the end of the year.IntroductionThe death penalty in 2021 was defined by two competing forces: the continuing long-term erosion of capital punishment across most of the country, and extreme conduct by a dwindling number of outlier jurisdictions to continue to pursue death sentences and executions.Virginia’s path to abolition of the death penalty was emblematic of capital punishment’s receding reach in the United States. A combination of changing state demographics, eroding public support, high-quality defense representation, and the election of reform prosecutors in many key counties produced a decade with no new death sentences in the Commonwealth. As the state grappled with its history of slavery, Jim Crow, lynchings, and the 70th anniversary of seven wrongful executions, the governor and legislative leaders came to see the end of the death penalty as a crucial step towards racial justice. On March 24, Virginia became the first southern state to repeal capital punishment, and expanded the death-penalty-free zone on the U.S. Atlantic coast from the Canadian border of Maine to the northern border of the Carolinas.Death Row Population By State†State 2021 2020California699724Florida338346Texas198214Alabama171172North Carolina139145Ohio136141Pennsylvania130142Arizona118119Nevada6671Louisiana6569Tennessee4951U.S. Government4662Georgia4545Oklahoma4347Mississippi4044South Carolina3939Arkansas3131Kentucky2728Oregon2427Missouri2122Nebraska1212Kansas910Idaho88Indiana88Utah77U.S. Military44Montana22New Hampshire^^11South Dakota11Wyoming11Virginia^02Total2474‡2591‡† Data from NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund for July 1 of the year shown^ Virginia abolished the death penalty with an effective date of July 1, 2021. The bill reduced the state’s two death sentences to life without parole.^^ New Hampshire prospectively abolished the death penalty May 30, 2019.‡ Persons with death sentences in multiple statesare only included once in the totalIn the West, where an execution-free zone spans the Pacific coast from Alaska to Mexico, the Oregon Supreme Court began removing prisoners from the state’s death row based on a 2019 law that redefined the crimes that constitute capital murder. Nationwide, mounting distrust of the death-penalty system was reflected in public opinion polling that measured support for capital punishment at near half-century lows. With Virginia’s abolition, a majority of states have now abolished the death penalty (23) or have a formal moratorium on its use (3). An additional ten states have not carried out an execution in at least ten years.2021 saw historic lows in executions and near historic lows in new death sentences. As this report goes to press, eighteen* people were sentenced to death, tying 2020’s number for the fewest in the modern era of the death penalty, dating back to the Supreme Court ruling in Furman v. Georgia that struck down all existing U.S. death-penalty statutes in 1972. The eleven executions carried out during the year were the fewest since 1988. The numbers were unquestionably affected by the pandemic but marked the seventh consecutive year of fewer than 50 death sentences and 30 executions. Both measures pointed to a death penalty that was geographically isolated, with just three states — Alabama, Oklahoma, and Texas — accounting for a majority of both death sentences and executions.The few jurisdictions that scheduled or carried out executions and imposed new death sentences pursued the death penalty with apparent disregard for due process, judicial review of execution methods, or potentially meritorious claims of intellectual disability, incompetence to be executed, and innocence. Oklahoma botched the execution of John Grant and then denied the execution had been problematic. Arizona authorized executions with the same lethal gas the Nazis had used to murder more than a million people in their World War II death camps. South Carolina moved to adopt the electric chair as its default execution method, with the firing squad as a “humane” alternative.The federal government’s historically aberrant spree of thirteen executions in six months concluded with three executions carried out less than ten days before the inauguration of a president who had expressed his opposition to capital punishment. The six transition-period executions were the most ever in American history. Those executed in 2021 included a severely mentally ill woman who never received a hearing on her competency to be executed, an intellectually disabled man who never received review of his claim that he was ineligible for the death penalty, and a man who without dispute did not kill anybody. Two of the men who were executed were among the more than two dozen death-row prisoners who contracted COVID-19 as a result of prior federal superspreader executions.The federal execution spree also raised questions about the legitimacy of the U.S. Supreme Court as a neutral arbiter of the law, as the Court actively intervened to lift lower court stays or injunctions issued by conservative and liberal judges alike, denying judicial review of serious and unresolved legal and constitutional issues. The Biden administration set no policy on the federal death penalty, allowing the Department of Justice to make decisions on capital prosecutions and appeals on a case-by-case basis. Attorney General Merrick Garland issued a memorandum saying no new executions would be authorized while DOJ reviewed changes in death-penalty policy put in place during the Trump administration. He made no commitments on the pursuit of new federal death sentences or the possibility of federal executions after the review.Executions and death sentences in 2021 continued to highlight the arbitrary and discriminatory application of the death penalty. Rather than representing the “worst of the worst” offenders, all but one of the eleven people executed in 2021 had one or more significant impairments, including: evidence of mental illness; brain injury, developmental brain damage, or an IQ in the intellectually disabled range; or chronic serious childhood trauma, neglect, and/or abuse. Their cases were tainted by racial bias, inadequate representation, and disproportionate sentencing. The year’s new death sentences were also badly flawed, with more than a quarter (27.8%) imposed either by non-unanimous juries or by judges after defendants waived jury sentencing or in states that denied defendants the right to a sentencing jury.Sentences and executions disproportionately involved victims who were white and female. Once again, only defendants of color were executed for cross-racial murders and no white defendant was sentenced to death in a trial that did not involve at least one white victim. Three high-profile cases — each involving likely innocent Black men sentenced to death for killing white victims — symbolized the enduring racial injustice of the nation’s death penalty. Julius Jones and Pervis Payne were spared execution, only to be resentenced to life in prison. A Texas trial judge in a county with a history of lynchings heard extensive evidence of Rodney Reed’s innocence, then credited the testimony of a disgraced white police officer who was the likely killer over that of nearly a dozen other witnesses to recommend that Reed be denied a new trial.Two more innocent death-row prisoners were exonerated in 2021, and a DPIC review of the more than 9,600 death sentences imposed in the U.S. since 1972 discovered another eleven previously unrecorded death-row exonerations. That raised the number of death-row exonerations to 186 — one for every 8.3 executions in the modern era.As death-penalty usage continues to erode, its flaws become even more evident. As the few jurisdictions that seek to pursue it engage in shocking conduct that undermines or evades judicial review, the cases resulting in death sentences and executions increasingly reflect arbitrariness, discrimination, and systemic failures that represent the worst of the worst judicial process. These very flaws, brought into stark relief as the death penalty becomes more rare, are causing more prosecutors, jurors, and voters in much of the country to decide to abandon capital punishment altogether, concentrating its continuing practice in a dwindling number of outlier jurisdictions with an historical legacy of slavery, lynching, and Jim Crow and a modern history of abusive law enforcement.Death Penalty Developments in the States and CountiesKey Findings Virginia abolishes death penalty; 23rd state, first southern state to do so Oregon Supreme Court ruling continues erosion of death penalty in the West; decision is expected to clear death row Bipartisan abolition efforts proceed in Ohio and UtahDeath-penalty developments in the states in 2021 reflected the continuing long-term erosion of capital punishment in much of the country, with pus [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2021-year-end-report ) [481] => Array ( [objectID] => 18175 [title] => The Death Penalty in Bahrain: A system built on torture [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-bahrain-a-system-built-on-torture/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Salam for Democracy and Human Rights (Salam DHR)’s report was published on October 10, 2021, to mark the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty. The Death Penalty in Bahrain: A system built on torture, provides accessible and abridged information regarding the development of the death penalty in Bahrain.This report examines how executions have expanded in both their criteria and implementation since the Arab Spring in 2011 and how this practice contradicts the Government of Bahrain’s (GoB) promises of reform made following the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (BICI) that same year. Instead, the Bahraini State continues to rely on confessions coerced under torture and threats as a method of permanently silencing poliIcal prisoners. The nation’s internal mechanisms of accountability have repeatedly proven themselves to be ineffective in remedying this situation and are possibly complicit. Considering these findings, and in support those who have been victimized, Salam DHR officially recommends that the GoB abolishes the death penalty, among other reforms. [texte] => Executive SummaryThe purpose of this report is to provide accessible and abridged information regarding thedevelopment of the death penalty in Bahrain. It examines how executions have expanded in boththeir criteria and implementation since the Arab Spring in 2011 and how this practice contradicts theGovernment of Bahrain’s (GoB) promises of reform made following the Bahrain IndependentCommission of Inquiry (BICI) that same year. Instead, the Bahraini State continues to rely onconfessions coerced under torture and threats as a method of permanently silencing politicalprisoners. The nation’s internal mechanisms of accountability have repeatedly proven themselves tobe ineffective in remedying this situation and are possibly complicit. Considering these findings, andin support those who have been victimized, Salam DHR officially recommends that the GoB abolishthe death penalty, among other reforms.MethodologyThis report has been sourced from official and communications reports from the Office of the UnitedNations High Commission for Human Rights on the death penalty, the Working Group on ArbitraryDetention, and the European Commission. This report also draws from the hard work of fellowhuman rights organizations such as Bahrain Institute of Rights and Democracy, Reprieve, Americansfor Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain and individual activists in Bahrain who have potentiallyplaced their freedom and wellbeing in danger to provide this information. These pieces ofinformation have been incorporated to provide a succinct, accessible piece of information.IntroductionThe ongoing aftermath of the Pearl Uprising has been marred by a continuous crackdown in Bahrain,where freedoms and human rights have been tightly constricted over the past decade. Although theGoB and the ruling Al-Khalifa family have continuously promised accommodation and reform to theirpeople and the international community, such pronouncements belie a system that primarily reliesupon fear to regulate its communities. One of the lodestars of that culture of fear has been the deathpenalty, which was brought out of de-facto moratorium in January 2017. The State has sincecapitalized on a highly flawed legal system that enables executions and re-affirms that it holds powerof life and death over all Bahraini subjects.This short report explores how the death penalty is being implemented in Bahrain and how theprocess is thoroughly comprised due to a prevalence of torture, which is used to elicit confessions. Italso examines the GoB has systematically failed to make meaningful reforms regarding the use of thetorture, which it incorporated into its promised reforms following the BICI in June 2011. Instead,executions been brought out of de facto moratorium and used increasingly over the past decade,despite many of these cases being the result on confessions made under torture.1The Death Penalty in BahrainA Decade of DeathOver the past decade the rate of death sentences in Bahrain has increased by 600%, with 51 officialnew death sentences from 2011 to 2020.1Executions have fallen over the past year, but this is likely due to disruption from the Covid-19pandemic and the GoB has provided no assurances that executions will not increase again in thecoming years, providing no solace or hope for prisoners awaiting execution in the country.As of October 2021, 27 individuals, 12 of whom are political prisoners, have exhausted all legalavenues for appeal. Whilst the Bahraini Government does not publicly release the names ofindividuals who are on death row, the below 12 individuals have had their death sentencesconfirmed by the Court of Cassation, the highest court in Bahrain. Once the Court of Cassationupholds the death sentence of an individual, they can no longer appeal it and must await the finalstage of the process, the king’s ratification of their sentence.21. Maher Abbas al-Khabbaz – sentenced: 29 January 2018.2. Hussein Ibrahim Ali Hussein Marzouq – sentenced: 26 February 2018.3. Sayed Ahmed Fawad Abbas al-Abbar – sentenced: 21 May 2018.4. Hussein Ali Mahdi Jasim – sentenced: 21 May 2018.5. Salman Isa Ali Salman – sentenced: 4 June 2018.6. Mohamed Radi Abdullah Hasan – sentenced: 25 February 2019.7. Hussein Abdullah Marhoun – sentenced: 20 May 2019.8. Mousa Abdullah Mousa Jaafar – sentenced: 3 June 2019.9. Hussein Abdullah Khalil Rashid – sentenced: 15 June 2020.10. Zuhair Ibrahim Jasim Abdullah – sentenced: 15 June 2020.11. Mohamed Ramadhan Issa Ali Hussain – sentenced: 13 July 2020.12. Hussein Ali Mousa Hasan Mohamed – sentenced: 13 July 2020Bahrain Institute of Rights and Democracy, Reprieve, and the European Commission, 1 From Uprising toExecutions: The Death Penalty in Bahrain, Ten Years on From the Arab Spring, 2021, pp 7-8; Official executionsdo not count other instances of lives lost in police custody, such as prisoners who died injuries inflicted viatorture (often referred to euphemistically as ‘kidney failure’ in official documents) and enforceddisappearances, where the person cannot be accounted for.2 Salam for Democracy and Human Rights, Campaign Against the Death Penalty in Bahrain, October 2021.2The Death Penalty in BahrainUnder the current system, these people could be executed at any moment with no warning, apractice that violates both international law and Bahrain’s Constitution. Executions have occurredthis way in 2017 and 2019. Historically, many such prisoners have been buried 3 in unmarked graves,their treatment in both life and death being an act of collective punishment against their families.These State practices are usually political in nature, where dissidents and their families are primarilytargeted under broad and ambiguously worded counter-terrorism legislation.Tainted EvidenceInternational human rights law provides two key safeguards against evidence obtained by torturefrom being admitted in criminal proceedings, these are particularly important where the deathpenalty is utilised:1. A prompt and impartial investigation by a competent authority, wherever there is reasonableground to believe that an act of torture has been committed.4 The United Nations Manual onthe Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman orDegrading Treatment or Punishment (‘Istanbul Protocol’) provides international standards forstates to carry out their international obligations to investigate torture promptly andimpartially.52. States must ensure that any statements made from torture are not invoked as evidence inany proceedings.6Under international law and Bahraini law, evidence and/or confessions obtained through torture areconsidered tainted and are therefore inadmissible in a court of law. It is something, however, thatBahraini law enforcement and courts continue to ignore with impunity.3 Testimony of families of executed prisoners, on file with Reprieve and BIRD. International human rights lawrequires that individuals on death row are provided with timely notification about the date of their executionand that the families of death row prisoners are notified of their execution, see General comment no. 36,Article 6 (Right to Life), para. 40, available at UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), General comment no. 36,Article 6 (Right to Life), 3 September 2019, CCPR/C/GC/35, available at: https://www.refworld. org/docid/5e5e75e04.html and Human Rights Committee, Mariya Staselovich v. Belarus, Communication No. 887/1999,UN Doc. CCPR/C/77/D/887/1999, 3 April 2003, para. 9.2, available at: www.hrlibrary.umn.edu/undocs/887-1999.html4 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment art. 12, 10 Dec.1984, 1465 U.N.T.S. 24841, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CAT.aspx5 Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman orDegrading Treatment or Punishment, recommended by G.A. Res. 55/89 (4 Dec 2000), available at: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/EffectiveInvestigationAndDocumentationOfTorture.aspx.6 Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment art. 15, 10December 1984, 1465 U.N.T.S. 24841, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CAT.aspx.3The Death Penalty in BahrainTorture and terrorism offences are intrinsically linked in the Bahraini justice system. Over the pastdecade, there have been multiple instances of individuals confessing to the crime of terrorism undertorture. On 29 December 2014, Mohammed Ramadhan and Husain Ali Moosa were sentenced todeath by a Bahraini criminal court for their alleged involvement in a February 2014 bomb explosionthat killed a police officer. Both defendants state that Bahraini authorities tortured them intoconfessing. Moosa was allegedly hung from a ceiling for three days, beaten, and on severaloccasions, told by authorities that they would harm his relatives if he did not confess. Ramadhan wasallegedly arrested without a warrant and violently beaten on his genitals until he agreed to confess.These confessions, made under torture and threats against family members, were used to convictand sentence Ramadhan and Moosa to death, breaching international law. Both men havesubsequently had their sentences upheld by the Court of Cassation on 16 November 2015, despitehaving recanted their confessions and affirming that they confessed under torture. Their allegationshave not been investigated by Bahraini authorities. Ramadhan and Moosa have 7 exhausted all legaloptions and now face imminent execution via firing squad.8 This follows a well-established precedentin the Bahraini legal system.On 15 January 2017, Bahrain executed Ali Al-Singace, Abbas Al-Samea and Sami Mushaima.9 UnitedNations human rights experts raised concerns that Bahraini authorities had reportedly coerced allthree men into confessions with electric shocks and sexual humiliation, for which they wereconvicted and executed.10 The courts dismissed their lawyers’ arguments and re [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://salam-dhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/EN-DP-Report.pdf ) [482] => Array ( [objectID] => 18172 [title] => Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2021 [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper updates The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2020. It is intended to provide a concise update to highlight changes in the status of the death penalty in OSCE participating States since the previous publication and to promote constructive discussion of the issue. It covers the period from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021. Special Focus: The road to abolition in selected OSCE participating States [texte] => 5IntroductionNoting the restrictions and safeguards regarding the use of the death penalty adoptedby the international community, as well as the Second Optional Protocol to theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of capitalpunishment, OSCE participating States have made a number of commitmentsrelating to the death penalty.1 They committed to exchange information on the questionof the abolition of the death penalty and to provide information on the use ofthe death penalty to the public.2 Where the death penalty is still in use, participatingStates have agreed that it can be imposed only for the most serious crimes and onlyin line with international commitments.3OSCE participating States have also made a number of other commitments relevantin the context of the application of the death penalty, such as ensuring the right tolife, the right to a fair trial and the absolute prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhumanor degrading treatment or punishment.4In accordance with these commitments and its mandate, the OSCE Office forDemocratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) monitors trends and new developmentsregarding human rights standards and practices among OSCE participatingStates related to the death penalty. The findings are presented each year in theBackground Paper on the Death Penalty in the OSCE Area.5 The paper is based oninformation gathered by ODIHR on the situation of the death penalty in all 57 OSCEparticipating States during the reporting period, incorporating information from international and regional human rights bodies, non-governmental organizationsand media reports.This year’s background paper, which covers developments from 1 April 2020 to31 March 2021, contains an introductory essay by Jeanne Bishop, and has a thematicfocus on how a selection of OSCE participating States have gone about abolishingthe death penalty in law and in practice in Part II, looking at the road to abolition inKazakhstan, Mongolia, Latvia and the American state of Virginia. Part III covers thestatus of the death penalty in the OSCE region during the reporting period.Throughout the background paper, an abolitionist state is defined as an OSCE participatingState in which there is no death penalty, in law, for any crimes. A de-facto abolitioniststate is one in which the death penalty is foreseen in law, but in practice thepunishment is not imposed. A retentionist state is one that continues to implementthis penalty by sentencing and carrying out executions.1 “Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the OSCE”, OSCE,29 June 1990, Copenhagen, paras. 17.2, 17.3 and 17.4.2 Ibid., paras. 17.7 and 17.8. See also: “Concluding Document of the Third Follow-up Meeting, Vienna,4 November 1986 to 19 January 1989”, OSCE, (hereafter, “Vienna Document 1989”); “Document of theSixteenth Meeting of the Ministerial Council Helsinki 2008”, OSCE, (hereafter, “Helsinki Document 2008”).3 “Vienna Document 1989”, para. 24, op. cit., note 2.4 OSCE, Ministerial Council Tirana 2020, MC.DEC/7/20, 4 December 2020; “Vienna Document 1989”,“Copenhagen Document 1990”, “Helsinki Document 2008”.5 The ODIHR annual background papers on the death penalty are available since 2000, here: “The DeathPenalty in the OSCE Area: Background Papers”, OSCE/ODIHR.Part I: Introductory essayTo further assist OSCE participating States in their exchange of information on thedeath penalty and to support consideration of its abolition, since 2016, ODIHR hasincluded both thematic discussions and introductory essays by external contributorson various aspects of the death penalty in this annual background paper.This year’s background paper on the death penalty pays tribute to the enormouscontribution to the protection of human rights, internationally, of the late ProfessorChristof Heyns. The introductory essay he so kindly contributed to the 2019 OSCEBackground Paper demonstrated why capital punishment is irreconcilable with theright to life and helped communicate this message to States and other key audiencesin the OSCE-region. His tireless efforts and dedication to human rights will alwaysbe remembered and serve as an inspiration to future generations of human rightsadvocates.The Unlikely Voices against the Death Penalty: Murder Victims’ Survivors,Jeanne Bishop6Death consumes us. Literally, of course, in time, but thoughts of it also encompassmuch of what is most momentous in our lives: the deaths of our loved ones, the fearof our own death, the mystery of it. Within criminal law it is at the center of the mostimportant cases, where a life was taken. In my office, where I work as a public defender,the most haunted among us are those who defend people accused of murder.And so, of course, the death penalty — our willingness to kill our own citizens in thename of the people — is inextricably linked not only to those executed but to the survivorsof victims of their crimes. Much of the discussion of capital punishment in mycountry is about or on behalf of those left behind by a murder, who are often offeredup as the moral justification for killing by the state. That simple calculus is wrong;6 Jeanne Bishop is an American attorney, activist and author. Since the killing of her sister, Bishop has advocatednationally and internationally for the abolition of the death penalty, and was a part of its successfulabolition in her home state of Illinois in 2011.The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area–Background Paper 20218those who have suffered the loss of a loved one through murder are multitudes, withwildly diverging ideas of what the death penalty does or can mean.I am among that kinship of tragedy.My story, and that of many I know, disrupts the too-easy image of a victim’s familymember who finds “closure” in state-sanctioned death. Our souls steer us away frombrutal vengeance.On 7 April 1990, in a quiet town in the North Shore area of Chicago, Illinois, an intruderbroke into the home of my sister Nancy Bishop Langert and her husband Richardand shot them to death. Nancy was 25 years old; Richard was 29. To compound thetragedy, Nancy was pregnant with what would have been their first child, my first littleniece or nephew and my parents’ first grandchild.The killer was David Biro, a 17-year-old who lived only a few blocks away from Nancyand Richard. He shot Richard once, execution style, in the back of his head. He shotNancy in her side and abdomen, even though they had told him she was pregnant.The autopsy report detailing the path the bullets had taken in her body, destroyingthe child within her, was so excruciating that I wailed in agony when I read it.Nancy was the beloved youngest of three daughters in my family. She was a sunny,sweet, spirited person who wanted more than anything to be a mother. She andRichard were a young couple with no enemies and everything to live for, on the brinkof achieving their dream of having a child and owning a home of their own.A jury found Biro guilty after only two hours of deliberation. The court sentenced himto the mandatory sentence imposed at the time on juveniles in the State of Illinois whohad committed multiple homicides: life in prison without the possibility of parole.Although other places had a death penalty for juveniles at that time, Illinois did not.7When my family and I walked out of the courthouse after the sentencing, the presswas waiting to ask how we felt. The first question a reporter asked me was this: “Aren’tyou disappointed your sister’s killer couldn’t get the death penalty?” My answer wasthis, then and now: “No.” I will never find joy or hope in the death of another.I am glad his life was spared, not because of who he is but because of who Nancywas. She was a good and generous person who loved life, who loved people, who7 The United States Supreme Court has since struck down the death penalty for people who were childrenat the time of their crimes.The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area–Background Paper 20219was carrying life in her body when she died. The last thing she would have wantedis more killing.Also, the notion that the lives of my family members could be paid for by snuffing outthe life of their killer seemed preposterous to me. How could his one life even beginto recompense the lives he took? Shedding more blood and digging another grave andcreating another grieving family like mine could never heal me. It would not bringNancy and Richard and their baby back. It would not honour their lives or what theystood for. It would not give me that thing people often say that murder victims’ familieswant and need above all: closure.Closure is this mythical state in which all your pain and heartbreak over losing yourloved ones will be neatly wrapped up and put to rest when a dire punishment is imposedon the one who took them from you. It is a lie. I will love my sister and brotherin-law and their unborn baby forever. I will mourn them every holiday, every birthday,every time I see a blue car like the one they drove or a young woman wearing her hairin a French braid, as Nancy did. My love and grief over her death will live on in meas long as I live, and motivate me to love as she did, to live passionately and joyfullyand to have courage at the end. I do not want to close that.After I made that public declaration against the death penalty, a group reached outto me: an organization of people who had lost family members to homicide, but whoopposed the death penalty for all offenders, including the ones who killed their lovedones. Those people have become my heroes: Bud Welch, the father of an only daughter,Julie, who died when domestic terrorist Timothy McVeigh blew up the federalbuilding in Oklahoma City. Marietta Jaeger, whose young daughter Susie was abducted,raped and murdered by a man who took her from her tent on a family campingtrip. Bill Babbitt, whose brother Manny, a Marine who had served in wartime, wasexecuted for murder despite his post-traumatic st [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://www.osce.org/death_penalty_2021 ) [483] => Array ( [objectID] => 18165 [title] => 2021 OHCHR Report on Deterrence: High-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2021-ohchr-report-on-deterrence-high-level-panel-discussion-on-the-question-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 26/2 and 42/24. It provides a summary of the high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty held on 23 February 2021 at the forty-sixth session of the Council. The panel discussion addressed the human rights violations related to the use of the death penalty, in particular with respect to whether the use of the death penalty has a deterrent effect on crime rates. [texte] => I. Introduction1. Pursuant to its resolution 26/2, the Human Rights Council held its fourth biennial high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty on 23 February 2021, at its forty-sixth session.2. The panel was chaired by the President of the Human Rights Council, Nazhat Shameem Khan. An opening statement was delivered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet. The panellists were the Minister of Justice of Chad, Djimet Arabi; the Commissioner of the International Commission against the Death Penalty, Tsakhia Elbegdorj; a member of the Human Rights Committee, Arif Bulkan; and a Professor of Criminology from Oxford University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Carolyn Hoyle.II. Opening remarks and statements3. In her introductory remarks, the President of the Human Rights Council reminded the Council that the panel discussion was being held pursuant to its resolutions 26/2 and 42/24. In resolution 42/24, the Council had decided that the discussion would address violations related to the use of the death penalty, in particular with respect to whether the use of the death penalty has a deterrent effect on crime rates.4. In her opening remarks, the High Commissioner for Human Rights began by emphasizing the fundamental nature of the issue to be considered by the panel. She underlined that there was no evidence that the death penalty deterred crime more effectively than any other punishment. On the contrary, studies suggested that in some States that had abolished the death penalty, murder rates had remained unaltered or had even declined.1 Studies had also shown that it was the certainty of punishment, rather than its severity, that deterred people from committing a crime. As such, the rule of law was the true deterrent.5. The High Commissioner listed a number of reasons to move away from the death penalty, in addition to its failure to deter crime. She noted the severe mental and physical suffering inflicted by its imposition on the persons concerned and their family members. Arbitrary and discriminatory application of the death penalty often disproportionately affected the poor and economically vulnerable, those belonging to religious or ethnic minorities, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex communities, persons with disabilities, foreign nationals, indigenous peoples and marginalized members of society. There was no such thing as a mistake-proof judiciary. Miscarriages of justice resulting in a person’s death were unacceptable consequences entailing a State’s violation of the fundamental right to life.6. The High Commissioner stressed the need to make publicly available studies and statistics regarding the use of capital punishment in order to enable informed debates. Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights set out specific safeguards that should ensure that the death penalty was applied only for “the most serious crimes”, a term that must be read restrictively and appertain only to crimes of extreme gravity involving intentional killing.2 She also referred to the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, which had been approved by the Economic and Social Council,3 and were equally applicable in countries that had not yet ratified the Covenant.1 Daniel S. Nagin and John V. Pepper, eds., Deterrence and the Death Penalty (Washington, D.C., National Research Council of the National Academies Press, 2012), p. 3; David T. Johnson, “Does the death penalty deter homicide in Japan?”, Asian Law Centre Briefing Paper (2017); Susan Munroe, “Abolition of capital punishment in Canada”, Thought.com, 21 July 2019; Pathways to Justice: Implementing a Fair and Effective Remedy following Abolition of the Mandatory Death Penalty in Kenya – An expert report submitted by The Death Penalty Project upon invitation by the Government Sentencing Task Force (2019).2 Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 36 (2018), para. 35.3 See www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/deathpenalty.aspx.A/HRC/48/3837. The High Commissioner reiterated the Secretary-General’s view that the death penalty had no place in the twenty-first century. While acknowledging that there were causes for concern, she remarked on encouraging international trends towards abolition. She commended Kazakhstan for having passed a law on ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and encouraged it to amend its national legislation to be in full compliance with that instrument, including through constitutional amendments. She also encouraged the Government of Chad to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, in the wake of the abolition of the death penalty in national law in May 2020. Furthermore, she welcomed the pledge by the Government of the United States of America to work towards ending the death penalty, both at the federal and state levels.8. The High Commissioner concluded by highlighting the fact that the vast majority of States, with a variety of legal systems, traditions, cultures and religions, had either abolished the death penalty in law or did not carry it out in practice. In 2020, 123 States had voted in favour of General Assembly resolution 75/183 on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. Congratulating all those States that had either abolished or taken steps away from the death penalty, the High Commissioner encouraged others to consider moving in the same direction, recognizing that as long as the death penalty was in use, it undermined human dignity and denied individuals their most basic right upon which all other rights depended: the right to life.III. Contributions of the panellists9. In his remarks, Mr. Arabi noted that, in May 2020, Chad had become an abolitionist State. Since its independence, Chad had endured much violence and the death penalty had been provided for in its 1967 Criminal Code. A moratorium on the use of the death penalty had existed from 1990 to 2015. In the wake of the terrorist attacks in 2015, the country had adopted a special law allowing for the resumption of the use of the death penalty for terrorist acts. Nevertheless, in 2017, it had commenced a revision of its Criminal Code and its Code of Criminal Procedure in order to bring them into line with international norms and standards. In May 2020, the country had unanimously adopted an amendment to Law No. 003/PR/2020, enabling it to fully abolish the death penalty for all crimes. Prior to that, Chad had improved security systems in penitentiary institutions and built additional remand centres, in line with international standards.10. Mr. Arabi noted that the abolition of the death penalty had paved the way for the commutation of all death sentences and for ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. He commended his country’s leadership for promoting and protecting human rights and civil society partners for their support of the Government’s initiatives. The Government recognized that the death penalty was a violation of the right to life and constituted cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. By completely abolishing the death penalty, in spite of the increase in the number of acts of terrorism, Chad had joined in the growing global abolitionist trend and implemented the recommendations it had accepted under the universal periodic review in 2013 and 2018.11. Mr. Arabi concluded by stating that the abolition of the death penalty in Chad could be considered a strong and positive message to those who had committed terrorist acts and wished to re-establish themselves within the law, that even if they were liable for prosecution, they would not run the risk of being executed. The death penalty was not an effective response to combating terrorism. Chad, as a leading country within the Group of Five for the Sahel, recognized the importance of seeking to humanize the legal framework and strengthen judicial cooperation.12. In his statement, Mr. Elbegdorj noted the importance of the choice that country leaders had when addressing the death penalty, highlighting the choice he had made to abolish the death penalty when he had been President of Mongolia. The three main lessons learned from that experience were the importance of political will and continued leadership; the need toA/HRC/48/384take a step-by-step approach to decision-making and international support; and the importance of maintaining the status of a death penalty-free country.13. Mr. Elbegdorj stressed that there had been no increase in violent crime after the abolition of the death penalty in Mongolia. While there had been discussions about reintroducing the death penalty, public opinion had shifted and the increase in the amount of support for abolition of the death penalty was a positive development for Mongolia. Arguments based on the deterrent effect of the death penalty on crime rates were weak and not supported by the facts. When discussing punishment, it was not the severity, but the certainty of the punishment that mattered more. Capital punishment was final and ran the risk of destroying an innocent life.14. Mr. Elbegdorj concluded by noting that State killing had no moral justification and violated the basic tenets of human rights. When States had such power, they also had the power to abuse it. He urged all States to be vigilant until all death sentences had been commuted. Lastly, he highlighted the fact that more than two thirds of States had abolished the death penalty in practice, and congratulated Chad and Kazakhstan, which had recently taken steps towards its abolition.15. Mr. Bulkan began by noting that empirical evidence suggested that the death penalty was ineffe [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/HRC/48/38 ) [484] => Array ( [objectID] => 18164 [title] => In the Extreme: Women Serving Life Without Parole and Death Sentences in the United States [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-the-extreme-women-serving-life-without-parole-and-death-sentences-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => One of every 15 women in prison — amounting to more than 6,600 women — is serving a life sentence and nearly 2,000 of these have no chance for parole. Another 52 women in the U.S. are awaiting execution. Many women serving extreme sentences were victims of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse long before they committed a crime. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/in-the-extreme-women-serving-life-without-parole-and-death-sentences-in-the-united-states/?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=24529b69-e51e-404e-be0c-873ca5ccdfa3 ) [485] => Array ( [objectID] => 18162 [title] => Defending Women and Transgender Persons Facing Extreme Sentences: A Practical Guide [timestamp] => 1642118400 [date] => 14/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guide-for-women-and-transgender-persons-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Written by a team including experts in the fields of capital defense, gender rights, gender-sensitive mitigation and the rights of transgender persons, the guide includes sections on gender-based violence, women’s mental health, prison conditions, discrimination in the legal system, working with the media, and how to build a gender-sensitive team. It also includes a step-by-step gender-sensitive interview protocol that builds on resources developed by the anti-violence community and is tailored to the needs of defense teams. [texte] => Defending Women and Transgender Persons Facing Extreme Sentences: A Practical GuideOctober 7, 2021“Using capital punishment or incarceration as the sole response to violence fails to achieve justice for all because you’re simply sending people, especially black and brown people, into a system that has already failed them.” —Erica Sheppard, incarcerated on death row in Texas, U.S.COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Marie Dawandala, Damaris Doukouya, and Martha Weteya on October 23, 2020, the day they left prison as free women after spending over 5 years behind bars. Before a court overturned their sentence, the three Cameroonian women had been sentenced to death under Cameroon’s draconian anti-terrorism laws. The Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide advocated on their behalf as part of an international defense team led by Me. Nestor Toko.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. 1Introduction: Why Do We Need Special Skills to Defend Women?. 2Introductory Language. 4Gender and Sex. 4Sexual Orientation. 4Gender Identity and Expression. 5Transition. 5Other Terms. 6Chapter 1: Building a Gender-Sensitive Team. 8Gender-Sensitive and Inclusive Team Dynamics. 8Intersectionality. 9Chapter 2: Conditions of Detention for Women Facing Extreme Sentences: What You Need to Know 11The International Legal Framework for Women in Detention. 11The Right to Family Contact 11Housing and Solitary Confinement 13The Right to Adequate Medical and Mental Health Care. 13Transgender and Non-Binary Prisoners. 14Violence in Prisons and Police Stations. 15LGBTQ+ Women Prisoners. 15Chapter 3: Women and Mental Health: Considerations for Defense Teams. 17Women and Trauma. 18Postpartum Mental Disorders. 24Gender Differences for Serious Mental Illness. 25Chapter 4: Gender-Based Violence: Myths and Misperceptions. 27Understanding Gender-Based Violence. 27Core Terminology. 29Sexual Violence: Myths and Misperceptions. 30Domestic Violence: Myths and Misperceptions. 34Interviewing Your Client About Gender-Based Violence. 37Chapter 5: Treatment of Women in the Criminal Legal System.. 48Women and Police Interrogations. 48Bias from Judges and Prosecutors. 49Women with Male Co-Defendants. 50Intersectional Discrimination. 51Chapter 6: International Human Rights Law.. 54Human Rights Law and Women’s Death Sentences. 54Using Human Rights Law to Reframe the Narrative. 55Chapter 7: Working With the Media. 59Media Coverage of Women Defendants. 59How to Work with the Media. 59Chapter 8: Further Reading.. 61Chapter 2: Conditions in Jails and Prisons. 61Chapter 3: Women and Mental Health. 61Chapter 4: Gender-Based Violence. 62Chapter 5: Treatment of Women in the Criminal Legal System. 62Chapter 6: International Human Rights Law. 63Chapter 7: Working with the Media. 64Gender-Sensitive Client Interview Form. 66Endnotes. 93AcknowledgementsThe principal authors of this guide were Sandra Babcock, Nathalie Greenfield, Gabriela Markolovic, and Jessica Sutton. Joshua Howard and Adrienne Larimer also authored key sections of the guide. We would like to extend a special thanks to our excellent team of editors and proofreaders, including Maci East, Hailey Shapiro, Alexandria Kim, Seoyeon Shin, and Sabrina Bryan. We also would like to thank Katie Vaz for her assistance in designing the report. The authors are immensely grateful to the women and transgender persons who shared their stories with us. We would like to recognize, in particular, Kwaneta Harris, Christa Pike, and Erica Sheppard, whose reflections on their experiences of incarceration have enriched this manual. We are in awe of their strength, and we stand in solidarity with those who remain incarcerated in legal systems that failed them in so many ways. We would also like to thank the Human Rights Initiative at the Open Society Foundations, whose support made this report possible. We are particularly grateful to Louise Ehlers of OSF. Louise has been a wonderful partner over the last two years, and she has been a champion of our work around gender and the death penalty from the very beginning. The Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide takes sole responsibility for the final content of the report.Introduction: Why Do We Need Special Skills toDefend Women?The overwhelming majority of lawyers have never received any special training on how to defend women facing extreme sentences. Most of us simply approach the cases of women as we would any other male client. Yet the cases of women invariably require specialized knowledge and skills that most lawyers lack. And because we don’t know what we don’t know, lawyers around the world routinely misinterpret critical evidence and fail to uncover facts that are essential to effectively defend women. This guide is a first attempt to remedy our collective ignorance. We begin with the basics: how to create a gender-sensitive team and build relationships of trust with your women clients. We provide a glossary of terms so that you have a gender-sensitive vocabulary. Significantly, when we discuss “women” in this manual, we include both cis women and transgender persons, as well as other non-male members of the LGBTQ+ community. In Chapter 2, we describe how conditions in jails and prisons often fail to protect women’s basic human rights. This chapter includes a section devoted to the rights of transgender prisoners, who are frequently deprived of essential medical treatment and suffer cruel and dehumanizing conditions of confinement. Armed with this knowledge, you can learn what questions to ask your women clients about their experiences in prison so that you can better protect their rights. Chapter 3 addresses mental health issues that are commonly found in cases of women. Every lawyer defending a client accused of a capital crime should have a strong grasp of the causes and symptoms of trauma; this is especially true when defending a woman. The great majority of women facing extreme sentences have experienced gender-based violence and a wide range of adverse childhood experiences. These experiences invariably lead to trauma, which can cause debilitating, lifelong mental distress. Trauma shapes your client’s life trajectory before she even enters the criminal legal system. It can also affect how she responds to police interrogators, how judges and juries perceive her behavior, and how she interacts with her legal team. Chapter 3 also provides an overview of Post-Partum Depression, a mental illness that often affects women who kill children. Finally, Chapter 3 discusses how the symptomology and onset of common mental illnesses differ between men and women. In Chapter 4, we address the epidemic of gender-based violence, which touches nearly all of our clients’ lives. We touch on some of the major myths and misperceptions about the behavior of women who are in violent relationships. We also provide guidance for discussing this topic with your clients. We live in a global culture where violence against women is widely tolerated and normalized. As a result, lawyers risk minimizing the consequences of sexual and other forms of violence against women. Frequently, lawyers fail even to ask their clients about their experiences of gender-based violence, perhaps because the topic is a sensitive one. One of the lessons we seek to convey is the importance of talking about sex—and ensuring that you have someone on your team who is comfortable engaging in these conversations with your client. Chapter 5 provides an overview of how women are treated in the criminal legal system. Women can be particularly vulnerable to aggressive police interrogation, and may be subjected to sexual threats or violence in police stations and jails. Their experiences of trauma can also make them more suggestible and more likely to admit guilt. At trial, prosecutors frequently seek to de-feminize women as a way of encouraging judges and juries to condemn their behavior. In addition, prosecutors often minimize their experiences of gender-based violence to discredit them. Prosecutors also rely on negative gender stereotypes, sometimes casting women as hyper-sexual, other times criticizing their mothering skills, in an effort to encourage harsh punishment. Defense teams must anticipate these tactics and take steps to prevent them—or at the very least, object when prosecutors utilize them. In this chapter we also highlight the myriad of ways that women can experience discrimination on the basis of multiple identities. Understanding these intersecting forms of discrimination is vital when defending women who are members of minority groups, foreign nationals, disabled, or gender-non-conforming. Finally, we discuss the risks women face when they are prosecuted alongside male co-defendants, and the importance of obtaining separate counsel for each defendant. The international legal framework for understanding the rights of women is addressed in Chapter 6. International human rights treaties, and their interpretation by courts and experts around the world, establish that governments have an obligation to protect women from gender-based violence and other violations of women’s human rights. In many, if not most cases of women facing extreme sentences, the state will have violated these obligations. Understanding that the government has failed in its responsibility to protect your client’s rights helps to shift the narrative of your case from one that attributes blame exclusively to your client, to one that acknowledges that the state bears some responsibility for the conditions that gave rise to her behavior. Finally, we address the role of the media in women’s cases and provide guidance on working with the media in Chapter 7. We conclude by providing a bibliography of further reading. This guide provides an overview of key topics in the defense of women, but it is by no means exhaustive. This manual is best read in tandem with two separate publications by the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, both of which are available onlin [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/defending-women-and-transgender-persons-facing-extreme-sentences-a-practical-guide/ ) [486] => Array ( [objectID] => 18143 [title] => Bahrain: Joint appeal for commutation and moratorium [timestamp] => 1642032000 [date] => 13/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-appeal-bahrain-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Joint Appeal was published on World Day Against the Death Penlaty on 10 October 2021 and sent to the Bahraini Embassy in France, UK and Switzerland. [texte] => Joint Appeal was published on World Day Against the Death Penlaty on 10 October 2021 and sent to the Bahraini Embassy in France, UK and Switzerland. (more…) "Bahrain: Joint appeal for commutation and moratorium" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [487] => Array ( [objectID] => 18126 [title] => Executions and Death Sentences Near Record Lows in 2021 in the USA [timestamp] => 1642032000 [date] => 13/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/executions-and-death-sentences-near-record-lows-in-2021-in-the-usa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/DPIC-report-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Virginia’s historic abolition of the death penalty highlighted a year in which public opinion polls, executions, and new death sentences all signaled continued erosion of support for capital punishment across the United States. [texte] => Virginia’s historic abolition of the death penalty highlighted a year in which public opinion polls, executions, and new death sentences all signaled continued erosion of support for capital punishment across the United States. (more…) "Executions and Death Sentences Near Record Lows in 2021 in the USA" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [488] => Array ( [objectID] => 18569 [title] => Uganda – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty – January 2022 [timestamp] => 1641945600 [date] => 12/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uganda-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty-january-2022/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses Uganda's compliance with its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women with respect to the death penalty. The report examines and discusses Ugandan death penalty laws and cases where women are sentenced to death row in Uganda, primarily for murder.This report recommends that Uganda adopt a number of key recommendations to better align its death penalty practices with Uganda's obligations to women under the Convention. These steps, among other things, include: (1) abolishing the death penalty and in the interim, limiting the death penalty to only the most serious crimes of intentional killing of another human; (2) ensuring proper gender-sensitive training in the judicial system and protecting women in conflict with the law when gender-based violence is involved; (3) developing and implementing programs to prevent gender-based violence and discrimination; and (4) ensuring fair access to counsel to women sentenced to death or at risk of being sentenced to death. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Uganda’s Compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996Foundation for Human Rights InitiativeandThe World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 81st Session of the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women07 February–22 February 2022Submitted 12 January 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. The Advocates is committed to ensuring human rights protection for women around the world. The Advocates has published more than 25 reports on violence against women as a human rights issue, provided consultation and commentary of draft laws on domestic violence, and trained lawyers, police, prosecutors, judges, and other law enforcement personnel to effectively implement new and existing laws on domestic violence. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) is an independent, non-governmental, nonpartisan and not-for-profit human rights advocacy organisation, registered in Uganda under the Non-Governmental Organizations Act, 2016. FHRI Vision is a society based on a human rights 2and civic culture as a foundation for peace, stability, democracy, social justice and sustainable development. FHRI’s Mission is to promote respect and observance of human rights practices and civic values, enhance best practices through training, education, research, advocacy, ICTs, and strategic partnership. The organisation has Observer Status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, is a member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (Paris) and is affiliated to the International Federation of Human Rights Defenders, (FIDH) in Paris, France. It is a membership organisation with a total of 1,515 members. FHRI commands a 29-year experience and expertise in human rights activism in Uganda. FHRI has been at the forefront in monitoring and documenting human rights violations, publication of periodic human rights reports, legal aid service provision to victims of human rights abuse; reporting before regional human rights treaty bodies, the judiciary, parliament, police and prisons; actively campaigns for the abolition of the death penalty including carrying out programmes that promote citizen participation and state accountability. Currently, it is spearheading five campaigns namely; My Rights, My Power, Access to Justice, Rights and Rule of Law, Freedom from Pre-trial detention and the Campaign against the death penalty in Uganda. FHRI is located at the Human Rights House, Plot 1853, John Kiyingi Road, Nsambya, Kampala Uganda.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses Uganda’s compliance with its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women with respect to the death penalty. The report examines and discusses Ugandan death penalty laws and cases where women are sentenced to death row in Uganda, primarily for murder. 2. This report recommends that Uganda adopt a number of key recommendations to better align its death penalty practices with Uganda’s obligations to women under the Convention. These steps, among other things, include: (1) abolishing the death penalty and in the interim, limiting the death penalty to only the most serious crimes of intentional killing of another human; (2) ensuring proper gender-sensitive training in the judicial system and protecting women in conflict with the law when gender-based violence is involved; (3) developing and implementing programs to prevent gender-based violence and discrimination; and (4) ensuringfair access to counsel to women sentenced to death or at risk of being sentenced to death. Uganda fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women with its retention of the death penalty3. Uganda is a retentionist state,1 meaning that it retains the death penalty for ordinary crimes. As of the end of 2020, there were 133+ people on death row in Uganda, which is a decrease from the 250+ people on death row in 2017.2 The last recorded civilian execution occurred in 1999 and the last recorded military execution occurred in 2005.3 Courts have significantly reduced the number of death sentences issued since the landmark 2009 Kigula case,4 with no recorded death sentences in 2017, 5 recorded death sentences in 2018, 2 in 2019, and none in 2020.54. After a court sentences a person to death, the case record is submitted to the Advisory Committee on the Prerogative on Mercy, a committee that is made up of the Attorney General and six Ugandan citizens appointed by the President. The Advisory Committee reviews the defendant’s case and makes a recommendation to the President on clemency, with the President making the final decision. 5. In December 2020, Uganda voted against the General Assembly’s Resolution on a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty.61 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, Apr. 21, 2021, p. 58. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/.2 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, Apr. 21, 2021, p. 58. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/.3 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Uganda Country Profile. Available online at https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/database/#/results/country?id=82.4 The Ugandan Supreme Court in Kigula held that the death penalty is no longer mandatory for capital offenses. The Ugandan Supreme Court held that various provisions of the laws of Uganda prescribing a mandatory death sentence were inconsistent with the Constitution insofar as they were contrary to the principles of equality before the law and of fair trial. Attorney General v. Susan Kigula & 417 Others (Constitutional Appeal No. 03 OF 2006) [2009] UGSC 6 (21 January 2009). 5 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, Apr. 21, 2021, p. 58. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/6 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, Apr. 21, 2021. Available online at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3760/2021/en/.4I. The Ugandan Government’s retention of the death penalty invites discriminatory sentences against women facing gender-based violence (List of Issues Paragraphs 4 and 10).6. The Committee requested information on the measures taken by the State Party to provide relief and redress by providing access to justice in instances of sexual and gender-based violence.7In addition, the Committee requested information on the measures taken or envisaged by the State Party to assess the impact of the national policy and action on the elimination of gender-based violence.8 The Committee also requested information on how the State Party ensures that all allegations of domestic and sexual violence against women and girls, including sexual assault and rape, are duly investigated.97. The State Party’s response overlooks the need for comprehensive training programs for prosecutors and judges when women are in conflict with the law. Specialized training is particularly important when women are defending themselves against gender-based violence (i.e., defending against an abuser and acting in self-defense). Such training programs are especially important when women are subsequently charged with death-eligible offenses. 8. Women represent a small percentage of people on death row globally.10 As such, there is little recorded information on the number of women on death row. There is limited information on the women who have been sentenced to death or executed in Uganda. In 2018, there were 11 women reported to be on death row in Uganda (i.e., 4% of people on death row).119. There is limited information available on the context of the crimes committed by women who have been sentenced to death in Uganda. However, there is at least one reported case in which the woman was sentenced to death for killing her abuser.12 This case suggests that when women are sentenced to death for killing another human being, legal proceedings ignore gender-based violence and the imbalance in power dynamics between an accused woman and the abusive spouse or family member. 1 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Uganda-Death-Penalty-CEDAW-Final-revised.pdf ) [489] => Array ( [objectID] => 18521 [title] => Lebanon – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1641945600 [date] => 12/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lebanon-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses Lebanon's compliance with human rights obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women regarding its use of the death penalty.Lebanon has not abolished the death penalty or established a de jure moratorium on the death penalty. The legal system does not protect women in conflict with the law from discrimination on the basis of sex or gender. Nor does it limit capital offenses to the "most serious" crimes.Women migrant domestic workers appear to be at an elevated risk of being sentenced to death. Indeed, all three women known to be on death row in Lebanon are Sri Lankan migrant domestic workers. Such women face heightened obstacles to realizing their right to a fair trial. Moreover, there is no evidence that sentencing authorities take into account a woman's history of abuse when determining an appropriate sentence. Finally, women under sentence of death face degrading conditions of detention. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Lebanon’s Compliance with Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyThe Lebanese Association for Civil RightsThe Association Justice et MiséricordeandEnsemble contre la peine de mortfor the 81st Session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women 7–25 February 2022Submitted 12 January 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. The Advocates is committed to ensuring human rights protection for women around the world. The Advocates has published more than 25 reports on violence against women as a human rights issue, provided consultation and commentary of draft laws on domestic violence, and trained lawyers, police, prosecutors, judges, and other law enforcement personnel to effectively implement new and existing laws on domestic violence. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2The Lebanese Association for Civil Rights (LACR) was founded in 2003 as a continuation of an action experienced since 1983 by two pioneers of the culture of non-violence in Lebanon and the Arab world: Walid Slaybi and Ogarit Younan. They are both writers, researchers, sociologists, pioneers of active training in Lebanon and grassroots activists. Dr. Younan and Dr. Slaybi were also the founders in 1997 of the National Coalition/Campaign to abolish the death penalty. Recognized for its innovative expertise in the field of active training and non-violent direct action, LACR works for civil peace, citizenship and change the confessional system, socio-economic and political rights, humanistic education, and justice. LACR is a member of several local, regional and international networks, three of which were initiated and coordinated by it. The Association Justice et Miséricorde (AJEM) is a Lebanese Association, a non-political nonprofitable NGO founded in 1996 by Father Hadi Aya “Antonine Order” taking a leading role in the active civil movements targeting various Lebanese prisons. AJEM strongly believes that humanity is a valuable moral shared without discrimination of any kind, and that prison has a rehabilitation role rather than a punitive role. Since 1996, AJEM is working closely with prisoners, prisoners’ families, providing them legal, psychological and social services in addition to vocational trainings. AJEM also works on enhancing the penal justice system and seeking change in the level of respect of basic human rights, preparing the prisoner for reintegration in society, stimulating first-hand mechanisms of freedom deprivation to convey basic humanitarian principles and values, ensuring the right of a fair trial and proper detention conditions, and the rights of refugees in detention or at risk of detention. In addition to that, AJEM helps ensuring detainees get proper health, social, psychological and legal care, advocating against acts of torture and other degrading treatments opposing to basic human rights and works to abolish the death penaltythrough the establishment of the National coalition. against the death penalty and headed the campaign management for several years and carried out many activities.ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) is a French non-governmental organisation that fights against the death penalty worldwide and in all circumstances by uniting and rallying abolitionist forces across the world. The organisation advocates with international bodies and encourages universal abolition through education, information, local partnerships and public awareness campaigns. ECPM earned its legitimacy as a unifying group of the abolitionist movement because of its strong sense of ethics and values. ECPM is the organiser of the World Congresses against the death penalty and a founding member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.3Executive Summary1. This report addresses Lebanon’s compliance with human rights obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women regarding its use of the death penalty.2. Lebanon has not abolished the death penalty or established a de jure moratorium on the death penalty. The legal system does not protect women in conflict with the law from discrimination on the basis of sex or gender. Nor does it limit capital offenses to the “most serious” crimes. 3. Women migrant domestic workers appear to be at an elevated risk of being sentenced to death. Indeed, all three women known to be on death row in Lebanon are Sri Lankan migrant domestic workers. Such women face heightened obstacles to realizing their right to a fair trial. Moreover, there is no evidence that sentencing authorities take into account a woman’s history of abuse when determining an appropriate sentence. Finally, women under sentence of death face degrading conditions of detention.Lebanon fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women with its retention of the death penaltyI. Lebanon retains the death penalty and has no legislative protections to guard against gender-based discrimination in the context of the death penalty (List of Issues paragraph 4).4. The Government of Lebanon has not ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and has not abolished the death penalty or instituted a de jure moratorium on the practice. In a positive development, Lebanon for the first time voted in favor of the UN General Assembly resolution calling for a worldwide moratorium on the use of the death penalty in December 2020.5. Lebanon has observed a de facto moratorium on executions since 2004, yet judges continue to pass death sentences amidst allegations of due process violations and the absence of genderresponsiveness and gender-sensitive practices in the criminal justice system. Since 2015, Lebanese courts have sentenced at least 90 people to death.1 Lebanese courts sentenced at least 23 people to death in 2019 and at least one person in 2020.2 While there has been a significant decrease in the issuance of death sentences since 2016, and last execution occurred in 2004, the death penalty in Lebanon remains in effect today. There are approximately 53 people on death row today, 3 of whom are women (of whom 2 are waiting for their verdicts to be finalized).36. The Lebanese Constitution guarantees equality before the law, but it makes no explicit reference to discrimination on the basis of sex.1 ECPM, AJEM, LACR, Vivants, Sans l’être: Mission d’Enquête Liban (2020), at 26, available at https://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquette-LIBAN-FR-2020-120120-WEB.pdf. 2 Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020, at 13, available at https://www.amnesty.org/en/wpcontent/uploads/2021/05/ACT5037602021ENGLISH.pdf.3 ECPM, AJEM, LACR, Vivants, Sans l’être: Mission d’Enquête Liban (2020), at 30, available athttps://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquette-LIBAN-FR-2020-120120-WEB.pdf.47. Lebanon continues to impose the death penalty for approximately 20 offenses, including offenses that cannot be considered “most serious” crimes under international law.48. Lebanon’s government legislatively repealed mandatory death penalty sentences for some offenses in 2001.5 The Penal Code usually prescribes set penalties for each crime, with a generic provision for aggravating and attenuating circumstances. Lebanese courts can and do acknowledge extenuating circumstances and instead issue life sentences in lieu of death sentences.6 Anyone who has been sentenced to death may apply for a special pardon, which can only be granted by the President. It is not known how many people have been granted clemency or a pardon in Lebanon following a death sentence.7II. Women migrant domestic workers are particularly at risk of being sentenced to death (List of Issues paragraph 18), and courts sentencing women to death fail to take into account gender-based violence (List of Issues paragraphs 9-10).9. The Committee took note of the lack of legal protections for migrant domestic workers and requested information on measures taken to “[e]nsure that women domestic migrant workers are aware of their rights and have access to legal aid and protection, including s [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Lebanon-CEDAW.pdf ) [490] => Array ( [objectID] => 18472 [title] => No death penalty: Essay on the human dignity of the guilty [timestamp] => 1641859200 [date] => 11/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/no-death-penalty-essay-on-the-human-dignity-of-the-guilty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Is the death penalty "natural" or sometimes legally due?If not, is the death penalty always a political instrument?If so, how and why can it be said that the death penalty is unjust, also considering religious values?What about in case of war time or of very dangerous criminals?In which way can there be an irrefutable argument for banning the death penalty worldwide and forever?These and other issues concerning the death penalty are addressed by the Author of this book.A book, where the most common theories for and against the death penalty are considered in the light of law history and philosophical views, and where Cesare Beccaria's approach is revised, taking into account the development of the contemporary criminal law and of the legal positivism.This is an essay, where the protection of humanity is not considered simply as a hope or as a naive dream, but rather as a juridical concept, absolutely necessary to understand one of most tragic questions of all time: "is it just to kill those who killed?" [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.it/No-death-penalty-dignity-English-ebook/dp/B09Q997V11 ) [491] => Array ( [objectID] => 18049 [title] => Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain [timestamp] => 1641513600 [date] => 07/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/americans-for-democracy-and-human-rights-in-bahrain-2/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Americans_for_Democracy_and_Human_Rights_in-Bahrain.png [extrait] => Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) fosters awareness of and support for democracy and human rights in Bahrain and Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCC). ADHRB has launched an Anti-Death Penalty Campaign during the summer of 2020 which involved local, national, and international engagements to advocate and lobby for the abolition of the […] [texte] => Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) fosters awareness of and support for democracy and human rights in Bahrain and Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCC).ADHRB has launched an Anti-Death Penalty Campaign during the summer of 2020 which involved local, national, and international engagements to advocate and lobby for the abolition of the death penalty and commutation of death sentences of the individuals on death row in Bahrain. The organization has launched social media campaigns, including Instagram, Twitter, and a petition to call on the King of Bahrain to commute death sentences. As for national outreach, ADHRB established correspondence with members of the various national governments (in countries where ADHRB is present: Germany, France, Spain, etc.) and also reached out to numerous NGOs dealing with human rights or the Gulf Region to help our cause. On top of that, Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain are also busy in Brussels at the European Parliament, advocating for the abolition of the death penalty in Bahrain and the Arab Gulf generally.ADHRB has a couple of publications on the death penalty with a special focus on the cases of Mohammad Ramadhan and Husain Moosa:1, https://www.adhrb.org/2020/09/international-call-to-bahrain-end-death-penalty/2, https://www.adhrb.org/2018/02/profiles-in-persecution-mohamed-ramadan-husain-ali-moosa/3, https://www.adhrb.org/2019/07/adhrb-condemns-saudi-arabias-use-of-death-penalty-in-contravention-to-upr-recommendations/4, https://www.adhrb.org/2019/04/bahrain-and-the-death-penalty/5, https://www.adhrb.org/2019/03/adhrb-at-hrc40-saudi-arabias-use-of-the-death-penalty-against-individuals-with-disabilities/6, https://www.adhrb.org/2018/04/bahraini-opposition-leader-sheikh-ali-salman-could-face-death-penalty-as-qatar-trial-is-set-to-conclude-on-21-june/7, https://www.adhrb.org/2020/08/petition-urging-the-bahraini-government-to-stop-executing-dissidents/ [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [492] => Array ( [objectID] => 18026 [title] => Capitalization workshop of the project for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa [timestamp] => 1641254400 [date] => 04/01/2022 [annee] => 2022 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/capitalization-workshop-of-the-project-for-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-sub-saharan-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Capitalization_workshop_-project_-abolition_Africa-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and African ACATs (Action des Chrétiens pour l’Abolition de la Torture) met in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) for the capitalization workshop of Phase 2 of the project for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa, organized on 29 and 30 November by the World […] [texte] => Member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and African ACATs (Action des Chrétiens pour l'Abolition de la Torture) met in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) for the capitalization workshop of Phase 2 of the project for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa, organized on 29 and 30 November by the World Coalition in partnership with FIACAT (International Federation of ACAT). (more…) "Capitalization workshop of the project for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [493] => Array ( [objectID] => 17804 [title] => Protest Against Executions Ordered by Minister of Justice Yoshihisa Furukawa [timestamp] => 1640217600 [date] => 23/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/protest-against-executions-ordered-by-minister-of-justice-yoshihisa-furukawa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Japan-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 21 December 2021, Japan’s new governement executed three men after two years with no execution during which Japan hosted the Olympics and the United Nations Congress on Criminal Justice. [texte] => On 21 December 2021, Japan's new governement executed three men after two years with no execution during which Japan hosted the Olympics and the United Nations Congress on Criminal Justice. (more…) "Protest Against Executions Ordered by Minister of Justice Yoshihisa Furukawa" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [494] => Array ( [objectID] => 17792 [title] => Sri Lankan expert needed to conduct study on the death penalty – Terms of reference [timestamp] => 1640217600 [date] => 23/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sri-lanka-study-term-of-reference/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is recruiting a Sri Lankan consultant to draft a preliminary study on risks, abolitionist civil society and their capacity building needs, people on death row with a focus on gender-based discrimination and the strategy to be pursued to prevent executions and move towards abolition of the death penalty in Sri LankaThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities, and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence. Ojectives of this study a) Identify national civil society actors campaigning against the resumption of executions in their country;b) Analyze the risks related to the project;c) Support the actors in their approach by carrying out a needs assessment as it relates to capacity building;d) Map the situation of people sentenced to death in Sri Lanka with disaggregated data, when availablee) Draw a strategy to be pursued to prevent executions and move towards abolition of the death penalty in Sri LankaThis study will be carried out on the basis of:research carried out by the Author, with the assistance of the members of the World Coalition and the staffindividual interviews with international and national civil society organizations questionnaires sent to civil society organizations in Sri LankaImplementation TimetableEnd of January 2022: Meeting with the World Coalition Sri Lanka Working GroupFebruary-March 2022: Research, interviews and questionnaires1st April 2022: Validation of the study’s detailed plan30 April 2022: Submission of the project’s study15 May 2022: Comments from the World Coalition31 May 2022: Submission of the final study June 2022: Translation and publicationWorking ConditionsConsultancy fees for the writing of the study of € 3,000.Candidates’ ProfileGraduate degree (Master’s or equivalent) in law or political science with significant experience in project management;An excellent understanding of the national context and of the civic space in Sri Lanka;Proven professional experience in drafting studies of at least 5 years;Previous experience in a human rights project in Sri Lanka would be highly valued;A good competence in report writing and analytical skills;Fluency in English and Sinhalese;Candidates should be independent and transparent about any pre-existing relationship to political entities or civil society organizations within Sri Lanka.Application Timeline20 January 2021: Deadline for receipt of bids20-25 January: Analysis of offers and selection of consultantHow to applyThe documents to be submitted are:• CV• A 3-page memo with proposed methodology for the studyApplications should be sent to recrutement [at] worldcoalition.org by 20 January 2021, midnight Paris time. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/WCADP_TDR_StudyCountriesAtRisk-SriLanka2022.pdf ) [495] => Array ( [objectID] => 17744 [title] => NGO Forum and 69th Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1639699200 [date] => 17/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/69th-ordinary-session-achpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CADHP69-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The ACHPR (the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met again virtually for its 69th Ordinary Session from 15 November – 5 December 2021. [texte] => The ACHPR (the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met again virtually for its 69th Ordinary Session from 15 November – 5 December 2021. (more…) "NGO Forum and 69th Ordinary Session of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [496] => Array ( [objectID] => 18342 [title] => Children who are Impacted by a Family Member’s Death Sentence or Execution: Information for Mental Health Professionals [timestamp] => 1639180800 [date] => 11/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/children-who-are-impacted-by-a-family-members-death-sentence-or-execution-information-for-mental-health-professionals/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This tip sheet provides some guidelines for mental health professionals who may encounter or work with children and families related to individuals who have been sentenced to death or executed. [texte] => Children Who Are Impacted by a Family Member’sDeath Sentence or Execution:Information for Mental Health ProfessionalsIntroduction: Who is Affected? In 2021 the death penalty is legal in 27 of the 50 United States, in federal jurisdictions, and in the US military. About 1,500 people have been executed in the U.S. since 1976, and about 2,500 are currently on death row throughout the country. Affected children include those with any familial relationship to the death-sentenced or executed individual (see sidebar, page 2: What We Mean by “Child” and “Family Member”). Providers should know that children may be affected even when an execution happened before the child was born, or in cases where the familial connection was not close. Providers should also be aware that in cases of intrafamilial murder, a child may be related to both the victim and the individual facing execution.This tip sheet provides some guidelines for mental health professionals who may encounter or work with children and families related to individuals who have been sentenced to death or executed.In this document, “child” should be understood as an umbrella term that includes a wide range of ages, from young children to adolescents or young adults.We recognize that the term family means different things to different people; some define it only in terms of a biological or legal connection and others define it more broadly to include anyone with whom there is a close feeling of connection. In this document, we are using the term “family member” primarily to mean someone to whom the child is related biologically or legally, even if the child has not lived with that individual. Thus, in addition to close relatives such as parents and siblings, the term “family member” here could refer to stepparents, stepsiblings, grandparents, stepgrandparents, cousins, aunts and uncles, in-laws. It could refer to someone whom the child has not known directly (for example, a grandparent who was executed before the child was born). It does not necessarily refer to someone with whom the child has had a close emotional connection, because children may be impacted by other family members’ preoccupation and involvement with that individual’s death sentence or execution, even if they themselves don’t feel a close connection. We also recognize that much of what is presented in this tip sheet could apply to a situation in which there is no biological or legal connection between the death-sentenced or executed individual and the child, but the nature of the relationship is such that the child, or significant members of the child’s family, consider that individual to be a family member.What we mean by “child” and “family member:”Children want you to know that they may...You can help when you...•feel different from others with family members who are incarcerated but not on death row•feel a sense of constant threat engendered by the family member’s death sentence•screen for incarcerated family members and then also for whether an incarcerated family member is on death row•assess impact on child’s physical health and mental health functioning•use results of this screening and assessment to tailor treatment planning•have distorted or limited information about their family member’s alleged crime or death sentence•have picked up information that they were not told directly; some children say, years later, “I understood more than I let on.”•have questions about what the family member did•have questions about details of the family’s past (such as abuse history) that may have come to light during the investigation and litigation process•ask caregivers what they have told the child•use open-ended questions to gather information. (For example: “What have you heard about [your family member’s] situation? What do you think that means/What do you think will happen next?”)•offer to work in partnership with the caregiver to meet the child’s need for correct or complete information•have complicated and shifting feelings about their family member on death row, including loving them, being angry, feeling ambivalent or conflicted•want different types of contact with the family member at different times•ask about desired contact with the family member on death row, and revisit the conversation regularly as desires about contact may change•provide psychoeducation and normalize a child’s experiencing conflicting and ambivalent feelings•help children understand their options for contact: letters, phone calls, visits; limited or no contact; right to change frequency or type of contact any time; right to choose who they want involved or supporting them in navigating decisions and logistics about contact•resent the time and emotional energy that other family members spend talking about, visiting, or advocating for the individual on death row•be overly preoccupied with or overly disinterested in the family member’s situation; disinterest may be a way of managing their own emotions or their reactions to other family members’ preoccupation and devotion of time and energy•anticipate and ask about feelings of resentment and reassure them that it is OK to have those feelings•show interest in the child’s own emotions and experience; through your sessions, provide a regular opportunity for the child to be the focus of attention•help the adults in the family brainstorm ways to devote some time and attention to the child or bring in other supports if possible (for example, a “big sibling” or other adult mentor)•aid the child in thinking about or remembering the death-sentenced or executed family member in manageable ways that are meaningful to that child (e.g. art, writing, music, or ritual)•be experiencing cycles of emotional ups and downs as their family member goes through the death penalty litigation process, which can last several years and include repeated cycles of execution date, last-minute stay of execution, and then another execution date•sometimes express a wish that the execution would happen already so as not to have to keep going through these cycles, and may also express guilt or shame for having these feelings•recognize the effect of this rollercoaster on the child’s and family members’ mental and physical health and take that into account in diagnosis, treatment planning, and psychoeducation•establish yourself as a safe person with whom to share a full range of feelings at any stage of the processChildren Who Are Impacted by a Family Member’s Death Sentence or Execution: Information for Mental Health Professionals Page 2Children want you to know that they may...You can help when you...•experience stigma, judgment, and exclusion from natural supports such as faith or social communities•feel that they are viewed as being “guilty by association”; one daughter said of others in her life, “They looked at it like, the whole family must be bad.”•help the family identify welcoming and inclusive social supports, where possible, while recognizing that doing so may be particularly challenging in these cases•help connect family members of death-sentenced or executed individuals for peer support•feel that they don’t have the “right to grieve” after an execution; e.g., one daughter recalled that after her father’s execution, a friend said, “I don’t understand why you feel bad, he got what he deserved”•acknowledge and validate the child’s grief•help the child and family create meaningful activities or rituals to honor their family member and support their grieving process•be confused about who is responsible for the death of their family member•hear or be told that “the state” or “[specific state name]” is the entity seeking or responsible for the death of the family member•have questions about the scope of the responsibility (e.g., a child may ask if this means everyone in this state is responsible, or if another program or facility with the state name in the title is responsible)•remain alert to indications of possible confusion, fear, or questions about scope of responsibility, and work to provide clarifying information as appropriate while also acknowledging the child’s feelings•have been shamed, harassed, or excluded by others (at school or elsewhere) for having a family member who is on death row or has been executed. Coverage of the case in the news media or on social media may escalate this.•communicate welcome and acceptance•partner with parents/caregivers to intervene with the child’s school in cases of bullying, if necessary and appropriate to do so•help the child to build a sense of identity separate from their connection to the family member who has been sentenced to death or executed•feel personally isolated or shamed if the death penalty is mentioned or debated in a classroom discussion, even if it is a general discussion unrelated to their family member’s case•be asked direct questions about their family member by peers or teachers, especially in cases that are receiving a lot of media attention•help children feel empowered to decide whether, and how, to share information about their personal connection to the issue or request to step out of the classroom during the discussion•help children come up with language and talking points for what to say when teachers or peers ask them about their family member•have witnessed others calling for or cheering their family member’s death•be especially wary about opening up to you and may need to ask you how you feel about the death penalty or about their family member’s death sentence or execution•consider ways to signal welcome and inclusion at the start (e.g., in public profiles, explicitly list “family members of individuals sentenced to death or executed” among the populations you treat; have a sticker or flyer visible in your office with an individual or group name that will be familiar to the child or family as part of their community)•consider receiving further training and being added to a referral list of clinicians who have received training [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.nctsn.org/resources/children-who-are-impacted-by-a-family-members-death-sentence-or-execution-for-mh-professionals ) [497] => Array ( [objectID] => 17727 [title] => Advisory on the Increased Vulnerabilty of Women Migrant Workers on Death Row [timestamp] => 1638489600 [date] => 03/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/advisory-on-the-increased-vulnerabilty-of-women-migrant-workers-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines issues this advisory to bring the Philippines’ attention to the heightened vulnerabilities of women Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs). [texte] => " I. OVERVIEWThe Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines issues this advisory tobring the Philippines’ attention to the heightened vulnerabilities of womenOverseas Filipino Workers (OFWs). This phenomenon is not unique to thePhilippines and is reflective of the wider plight of migrant workers, particularlythose from neighboring Southeast Asian countries. Many women OFWs obtainemployment as domestic workers, particularly in the Gulf states, which haveperpetually failed to adequately protect the labor rights and human rights ofboth migrant workers and women alike. This compounded disadvantage by wayof gender and migrant status can place women OFWs in precarious positionswith respect to their employment.""Egregious and unsafe working conditions place women OFWs at risk ofphysical, sexual, and emotional abuse by their employers. In countries thatretain the death penalty, this culture of labor rights abuse and exploitation isespecially dangerous, and may contribute to women OFWs inadvertently andforcibly committing crimes, either in self-defense or as a result of humantrafficking.""With regard to offenses committed in the course of employment, poverty, lowliteracy, and cultural barriers may preclude women OFWs from obtaining a faircapital trial, as they will often lack the resources and education to adequatelydefend their case. This has already resulted in women OFWs being sentencedto death, thereby trapping them in a foreign legal system they may struggle tounderstand.""On countless occasions, the Philippines has demonstrated its commitment tocampaigning for the rights of OFWs, particularly those on death row. In order tocontinue protecting the rights of vulnerable OFWs, the Philippines should notreintroduce the death penalty. By remaining an abolitionist state, the Philippineswill maintain its established reputation and legitimacy in fighting for the rights ofOFWs sentenced to death in foreign jurisdictions.""II. BACKGROUNDA. Key Statistics and ContextAccording to the International Labor Organization, there are approximately 11.5million migrant domestic workers globally, 1 with at least one in four being aFilipina.2 The migration of Filipino workers for employment forms a significantpart of the Philippines’ economic and social development. Of the 2.2 million OFWswho travelled between April and September 2019, women constituted 56% ofOFWs, with 62.5% of women OFWs seeking work in elementary occupations.3There is a higher proportion of Filipinas who migrate for employment each yearcompared to the global average of 44.3%.4""However, women OFWs face ‘particular vulnerabilities’,5including a heightenedrisk of being trafficked, used for or enticed into drug trafficking, and beingsubjected to physical or sexual abuse. They may be impeded by linguistic issuesand barriers to legal representation. Consequently, women OFWs may be at adisproportionate risk of receiving the death penalty. The leading destinations forwomen OFWs, including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) andQatar, retain and actively apply the death penalty. So, although women constituteless than 5% of the world’s death row inmates,6 approximately 25% of Filipinos ondeath row overseas are women.7""B. The Philippines’ Efforts in Upholding the Rights of FemaleWorkersThe Philippine government has been particularly proactive in recognizing theelevated threat of exploitation overseas and pursuing strategies to improve therights and working conditions of OFWs. As one of the first States to ratify the ILODomestic Workers’ Convention 2011,8 and subsequently passing the DomesticWorkers Law 2013, the Philippines has served as a regional and global model inadvocating for the protection of migrant workers’ rights.9 This is also evidenced bythe Philippines’ ratification of the International Convention on the Protection ofthe Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families.10""In the domestic sphere, the Philippine government has enacted a range oflegislative instruments to help remedy the plight of women OFWs. The mostnotable example is Republic Act No. 8042, also known as the Migrant Workersand Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995 (‘MWOFA’), which mandates gender-specificprograms and services,11 and explicitly acknowledges the ‘significant role of womenin nation building’ and their ‘particular vulnerabilities’ as OFWs.12""The MWOFA has been subsequently amended by Republic Act No. 9422 andRepublic Act No. 10022, both of which have reinforced the existing protectionmeasures afforded to OFWs. Republic Act No. 9422, for example, compels thePhilippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) to inform migrantworkers of their respective rights and appropriate avenues of redress.13 Similarly,Republic Act No. 10022, sometimes referred to as the Amended Migrant WorkersAct of 2010 (‘AMWA’), empowers the POEA to deliver mandated Pre-EmploymentOrientation Seminars on topics such as ‘gender-sensitivity’.1""This statutory regime is further complemented by Republic Act No. 9710—the‘Magna Carta of Women’.15 The Act, which is modeled from the Convention on theElimination of All Forms of Violence Against Women (CEDAW), 16 imposesspecific duties on the State and its agencies to protect and promote the rights ofmigrant women, regardless of their work status, 17 and to provide employmentopportunities and skills training for returning women OFWs.18""However, the Philippine government’s efforts in safeguarding the rights of womenOFWs, and OFWs more generally, have not been beyond reproach. Despite a 2017legal review finding a general ‘high level of compliance’ with CEDAW by thePhilippines,19 the CEDAW Committee has nevertheless expressed concern over thecontinued and widespread ‘exploitation and abuse of Filipina migrant workersworking abroad’, and the ‘insufficient support’ provided by the State to reintegratethose who return.2""Indeed, the latest CEDAW-based legal review, conducted in 2016, also founddeficiencies within the Philippines’ legislative framework that amounted to ‘noncompliance’ with the Convention. This included a failure by the MWOFA tomandate the provision of legal services ‘in order to avert a breach or a violation ofa right’,21 and a lack of mechanisms designed to protect or monitor women OFWswho find jobs ‘independently of recruitment agencies or via informal channels’.22Partial compliance was also declared in areas such as repatriation, which wasunduly confined to where there had been termination of employment.23""Initiatives by the current administration have likewise attracted criticism. Theapproval of House Bill No. 5832, which proposes to create a new departmentdedicated to protecting the welfare of OFWs, has been described as ‘encouragingthe export of Filipino manpower’ and a ‘poor substitute’ for the guarantee of livingwages and secure employment within the Philippines.24 Furthermore, migrationbans, including the ban on the passage of domestic workers to Kuwait in January2018 following the murder of Joanna Demafelis, a woman OFW,25 have arguablyviolated the rights of women OFWs under international law. Such restrictions notonly disproportionately target the women-dominated sector of domestic work, butalso push vulnerable women OFWs into irregular migration channels. 26 Bydiscriminating against women and impeding their freedom of movement and rightto work, government-issued migration bans arguably violate CEDAW and theILO’s Domestic Workers’ Convention.27Taking the country’s achievements and criticisms into account, the Philippinesshould continue to uphold and improve these standards to retain its position toadvocate for the rights and better working conditions of women OFWs.""III. PLIGHT OF WOMEN MIGRANT WORKERSA. Working Conditions & Lack of Labor RightsThe 2011 report by the Committee on Overseas Workers’ Affairs by the PhilippinesHouse of Representatives elucidated the plight of women OFWs, particularlydomestic workers, who are ‘cast into very oppressive conditions of work, wherephysical abuse and rape are rampant’.28 Furthermore, it has been found that 2.4million domestic workers in the Gulf region are working in conditions of slavery.29It is common for OFWs to endure 18-hour work days with no overtime pay or restdays, and be deprived from contacting their families.30""The kafala sponsorship system in the Gulf states ensures the visas of foreignworkers are inextricably tied to their employers for the duration of theemployment. This restricts OFWs from leaving their jobs or the country withouttheir employer’s permission.31 Additionally, domestic workers can be exploitedfinancially. Globally, employers of domestic workers save PHP 382.9 billion peryear by withholding wages.32""Although Philippine domestic laws mandate that the human rights of OFWs are tobe respected in the countries in which they work, 33 in practice, this is notguaranteed.""The Philippines, as a sending country, maintains a more proactive and prominentrole in comparison to other nations in protecting the rights of its OFWs. Notably,the Philippines requires OFWs to be paid the highest minimum wage,approximately $400USD per month for overseas work in the domestic servicesector,34 and provides shelter to women seeking to escape abusive employment.35However, countless OFWs are still subjected to unreported instances of longworking hours coupled with physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. Despite this inherent and acute risk to their health and safety, the allure of an income to support their families leads many Filipinos to continue travelling overseas for work.""Abusive employers largely escape conviction for their crimes due to inadequatemigrant worker protections. Meanwhile, OFWs are disproportionately punishednot only for allegedly committing crimes of a similar gravity, but also for makingcomplaints about their abusive treatment. If they report employers’ exploitativepractices, OFWs may be dealt counter-accusations for capital offenses,36 includingcrimes of witchcra [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Legal Representation [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Government body report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CHRP-Advisory-on-Women-Migrant-Workers-on-Death-Row.pdf ) [498] => Array ( [objectID] => 17710 [title] => Women Sentenced to Death Showcased on the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1638489600 [date] => 03/12/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/showcased-19th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/19th-world-day-Journalists_media_parley_Lagos-500x250.jpg [extrait] => With the theme “Women sentenced death: an invisible reality”, the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty aimed to highlight the issues faced by women who are sentenced to death, executed, pardoned or exonerated around the world. [texte] => With the theme "Women sentenced death: an invisible reality", the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty aimed to highlight the issues faced by women who are sentenced to death, executed, pardoned or exonerated around the world. (more…) "Women Sentenced to Death Showcased on the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon [1] => Indonesia [2] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [3] => Morocco [4] => Nigeria [5] => Pakistan [6] => Sierra Leone [7] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [499] => Array ( [objectID] => 18291 [title] => Worked to Death: A study on migrant workers and capital punishment [timestamp] => 1637712000 [date] => 24/11/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/worked-to-death-a-study-on-migrant-workers-and-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Foreign nationals, and within this group migrant workers, are a population that disproportionately faces the death penalty around the world. The data and statistics gathered by Reprieve and Migrant CARE for this report show that migrant workers as a sub-set of the foreign national population are at grave risk of human rights violations related to the death penalty, including arbitrary deprivation of the right to life in the context of unlawful death sentences and executions.This report focuses on: states that receive migrant workers (‘receiving states’), in particular the states that make up the Association of South East Asian Nations or ASEAN (‘South East Asian states’) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (‘Gulf states’), and on states from which migrant workers travel to work (‘sending states’). [texte] => ExecutiveSummaryForeign nationals, and within this group migrant workers,are a population that disproportionately faces the deathpenalty around the world. The data and statistics gatheredby Reprieve and Migrant CARE for this report show thatmigrant workers as a sub-set of the foreign national populationare at grave risk of human rights violations relatedto the death penalty, including arbitrary deprivation of theright to life in the context of unlawful death sentences andexecutions.This report focuses on: states that receive migrant workers(‘receiving states’), in particular the states that makeup the Association of South East Asian Nations or ASEAN(‘South East Asian states’) and the Gulf CooperationCouncil (‘Gulf states’), and on states from which migrantworkers travel to work (‘sending states’).In the Gulf states, foreign nationals are overwhelminglyand disproportionately represented on death rows andare disproportionately executed, particularly for drugoffences. Within this group, women are disproportionatelyrepresented in some states.In Malaysia and Indonesia, foreign nationals are similarlydisproportionately represented on death rows. In Indonesiaover the past 10 years, foreign nationals have beendisproportionately executed, particularly for drug offences.90% of those executed in Indonesia for drug offences inthe past decade were foreign nationals.According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of ForeignAffairs, between 2008 and 2021 there were 583 Indonesianmigrant workers who faced the death penalty in 7 receivingstates. 392 of those individuals escaped the deathpenalty, and 6 have been executed. Legal proceedings areongoing in 188 of those cases.Malaysia and Saudi Arabia are the two receiving stateswith the highest numbers of death penalty cases ofIndonesian migrant workers. Migrant CARE’s findingsshow that of the migrants who face the death penalty inMalaysia and Saudi Arabia, 72% are women, of whom 66%are charged with murder, 14% with drug offences and 14%with allegations of witchcraft.In relation to sending states such as Nigeria and Pakistanour research shows that migrant workers are often notafforded an adequate standard of consular assistanceby their home countries in breach of international law.Adequate consular assistance can make the differencebetween life and death for a foreign national facing thedeath penalty.Our research also shows that the disproportionateapplication of the death penalty to foreign nationals andmigrant workers in particular can be attributed to thefact that migrant workers are in a particularly vulnerableposition due to various interconnected factors, includinga lack of access to legal representation in an unfamiliarjurisdiction, language barriers, socio-economic disadvantage,social isolation, discrimination, and a lack of accessto adequate consular assistance due to failings by bothreceiving and sending states.13In addition, often having or perceived as having accessto passports and therefore the ability to travel internationally,but being typically poor, isolated and withoutlocal support networks, migrant workers are vulnerableto becoming victims of trafficking and being coerced intocommitting crimes which carry sentences of death. This isparticularly true for migrant women, a large proportion ofwhom work in private homes, informal sectors and sectorsof work which are mostly unregulated.There is a legal framework, underpinned by both internationallaw and regional human rights instruments, which isintended to uphold the rights of migrant workers, includingthe non-punishment principle which is meant to protectvictims of human trafficking from being punished for actsthat arose from their trafficking. Death sentences for victimsof trafficking are the starkest violations of that principle.The fact that hundreds of foreign nationals, including migrantworkers, have been executed in breach of inter national lawin recent years confirms that these protections are not widelyadhered to and/or not implemented effectively.Drawing on examples of best practice by both sending andreceiving states, the report concludes by making recommendationson the following issues:• the obligations of receiving states to notify migrantworkers of their right to consular assistance and toprovide access to consular assistance; and the obligationof sending states to provide adequate consular assistanceto migrant workers facing the death penalty;• the obligations of sending and receiving states to safeguardagainst the arbitrary deprivation of the right tolife in death penalty cases in line with international law;• the need for all sending and receiving states to ratify theUnited Nations International Convention on the Protectionof the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members ofTheir Families, and to ensure protection from abuse andexploitation by employers of migrant workers and otherstakeholders such as recruitment agencies;• the obligations of sending and receiving states toidentify and protect victims of human trafficking anduphold the non-punishment principle; and• the obligations of sending states to implement rehabilitationprogrammes for migrant workers who have beenreleased from death row and their family members, andthe family members of those who have been executed.45Migrant workers positively impact the social and economicdevelopment of their countries of origin, transit anddestination, a fact recognised in the 2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment.1 In receiving states, they fill labourand skills shortages, contribute to social security schemes,and promote entrepreneurship, whilst sending statesbenefit from high remittance flows and the importation ofcritical skills through return migration and transnationalcommunity links. It is estimated that in 2020 migrantworkers numbered 164 million and contributed USD 689billion in remittances globally.2A significant proportion of the world’s migrant workers travelfrom South Asia and South East Asia to work in the Gulf,and between South East Asian states.3 Among the top 20 ofthe world’s receiving states are Saudi Arabia, the UnitedArab Emirates (‘UAE’), Thailand and Malaysia. Among thetop 20 sending states are the Philippines, Indonesia andMyanmar.4 Many of the countries in the Gulf and South EastAsia are retentionist,5 maintaining the death penalty for awide range of offences including drug offences, and imposingthe death penalty in breach of fair trial protections andthrough processes tainted by torture.6Most migrant workers in Gulf and South East Asian States arein vulnerable situations. The majority are very poor, have limitedsocial capital, have no support network locally, face genderand racial discrimination and are gravely disadvantagedby virtue of not speaking the language of their host countries.Migrant workers who find themselves on the wrong side ofthe law are in particularly precarious positions.All of the Gulf states7 and half of all ASEAN states (Indonesia,Thailand, Singapore, Viet Nam and Malaysia)8 retainthe death penalty, including for offences which do notmeet the threshold of ‘most serious crimes’ stipulated underArticle 6 International Covenant on Civil and PoliticalRights (‘ICCPR’), such as drug offences.9 Moreover, as casestudies in this report show, the death penalty is routinelyimposed in breach of fair trial protections and followingprocesses tainted by torture in these jurisdictions.International experts have warned that foreign nationalsare often in a particularly vulnerable position whenfacing death penalty charges and have little or no defenceagainst the law enforcement systems of the countrieswhere they find themselves, noting that this is particularlythe case with migrant workers.10Background& key statistics 26Data gathered by civil society confirms that foreignnationals are disproportionately sentenced to death andexecuted in Gulf states.• As of February 2021, Bangladeshi nationals representnearly 30% (8 out of 26) of the individuals currently onBahrain’s death row facing imminent execution.11• Between 1964 and 2017, Kuwait executed 80 people,and of the 79 of these individuals whose nationality isknown, 70.8% were foreign nationals.12• Of the at least 184 people executed in Saudi Arabiain 2019, the majority (52%) were foreign nationals13and, of the 27 people executed in 2020, 8 were foreignnationals.14 In 2021 so far, at least another seven foreignnationals have been executed.15 Based on MigrantCARE’s records, between 2008 and 2021, there were fiveIndonesian migrant worker women who were executed.• Whilst foreign nationals account for around a third ofthe population of Saudi Arabia, they accounted foralmost half of the 2,208 executions recorded between1985 and 2015.16 During the reign of King Salman, whichbegan in 2015, foreign nationals have represented 73%of those executed for drug offences.17• Although no executions are known to have been carriedout in the UAE since 2017, courts have continued to issuedeath sentences, the majority of which have been imposedon foreign nationals.18 To the knowledge of Migrant CARE,there were four Indonesian migrant workers who faced thedeath penalty in the UAE between 2007 and 2021.• Of the approximately 200 people known to be on deathrow in the UAE, only 19 are Emirati nationals.19 Thefigures are even starker when considering the femaledeath row population: 8 of the 9 women known to be ondeath row are foreign nationals.20• Data collected by Reprieve shows that every single personknown to have faced the death penalty for drug offences inthe UAE since 1998 has been a foreign national.21• The only execution recorded in Qatar since 2003 was ofAnil Chaudhary - a Nepalese migrant worker executedin May 2020 by firing squad. Although he had been sentencedto death almost three years earlier, the Nepaleseembassy was informed of his sentence only the daybefore his execution.22Disaggregated data from South East Asian states is harderto gather. In Singapore, annual reports from the governmentdo not [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia [1] => Malaysia [2] => Nigeria [3] => Pakistan [4] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org/uk/2021/11/23/worked-to-death/ ) [500] => Array ( [objectID] => 18292 [title] => Killing in the Name of God: State-sanctioned Violations of Religious Freedom [timestamp] => 1636502400 [date] => 10/11/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/killing-in-the-name-of-god-state-sanctioned-violations-of-religious-freedom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As of 2020, blasphemy was formally criminalised in some 84 countries. As many as 21 countries criminalised apostasy as of 2019. The legal penalties for such offences range from fines to imprisonment to corporal punishment—and in at least 12 countries, the death penalty.This report examines the extent to which States commit, or are complicit in, killings that violate religious freedom. Focussing on the 12 States in which offences against religion are lawfully punishable by death, we examine four different types of State-sanctioned killings on the basis of religious offence (apostasy, blasphemy, or alike) or affiliation (most commonly, membership of a religious minority): judicial executions, extrajudicial killings, killings by civilians, and killings by extremist groups. We explore the relationship between the retention of the death penalty for religious offences and other forms of State-sanctioned killings motivated by alleged religious offending or by religious identity. [texte] => This timely and significant report—Killing in the Name of God: State-Sanctioned Violations ofReligious Freedom—comes as we continue to live through the human tragedy and widespreaduncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has disproportionately affectedcertain marginalised groups, and I have been deeply concerned by the rising number ofreported acts of discrimination, hostility, and violence against religious and belief minorities.In my capacity as the United Nations mandate holder for freedom of religion and belief,I routinely call upon States and non-State actors to uphold this fundamental human right andhighlight its violations in many countries worldwide. In July 2021, I drew the internationalcommunity’s attention to the dire situation of Ahmadiyya Muslims. Targeted on the basis oftheir religious identity, they have endured hatred, violence and stigmatisation, includingthrough unfounded conspiracy theories that they have caused and spread COVID-19. In thename of ‘protecting’ national security, Shi’a Muslims in Saudi Arabia and Baha’is in Iran havebeen arbitrarily detained, incarcerated and even executed.Furthermore, the return of Taliban rule in August 2021 strongly suggests thatAfghanistan’s diverse ethnic and religious or belief minorities are at heightened risk ofviolence and repression, given the Taliban’s history of violently targeting these vulnerablecommunities. Concerningly, the Taliban and others also have invoked religious precepts toperpetrate violence and discrimination against women, girls and lesbian, gay, bisexual, andtransgender persons.Against this backdrop, Killing in the Name of God: State-Sanctioned Violations of ReligiousFreedom comes at an urgent juncture. There has been a surge of religious intoleranceworldwide, including revival of anti-blasphemy and anti-apostasy laws. These laws cannotbe justified under the international human rights law framework precisely because thisframework protects individuals, rather than religions or beliefs. Nonetheless, these lawsrestrict the freedom to express views which may be deemed offensive to certain religiousor belief communities, generally invoking national security, public order, or morality.The report examines twelve countries that have retained the death penalty as a lawfulpossibility for offences against religion, such as blasphemy, apostasy, and proselytising. Theauthors persuasively argue that the existence of such provisions that privilege certain religionsover others, or expect strict adherence to a religion recognised as a State religion, have adevastating impact. Even in jurisdictions where the death penalty is not imposed for offencesagainst religion, its mere lawful possibility—codified or not—stifles the freedoms of religionor belief and expression. In some countries, this possibility also fosters an environment inwhich people feel entitled to engage in mob violence against those accused of offendingreligious morals. The report is a scathing indictment of overreach of criminal law, where Statepower is wielded to kill individuals for offending religious doctrines.8The UN ‘Faith for Rights’ framework aims to foster the development of peacefulsocieties that uphold human dignity and equality for all and where diversity is not justtolerated, but fully respected and celebrated. Community leaders, politicians, and civil societygroups are instrumental actors in speaking out against intolerance, discrimination, and hatespeech. Notably, religious or belief leaders can play a crucial role in translating ‘faith’ into thelanguage of ‘rights’ and vice versa, thereby engaging their considerable influence over the heartsand minds of millions of people to defend diversity, peace, and freedom. Ultimately, Statesmust protect freedom of religion or belief for everyone, everywhere and at all times—andone clear step towards realisation of that goal is to abolish the death penalty for offencesagainst religion.Written in October 2021, in celebration of the World Day Against the Death Penalty.Ahmed ShaheedUN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or beliefAhmed Shaheed was appointed as Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief by theUN Human Rights Council in 2016. Mr Shaheed is Deputy Director of the Human Rights Centre,University of Essex, UK.9EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSince 2015, numerous States have repealed blasphemy laws that had not been used fordecades: Iceland (2015), Norway (2015), Malta (2016), Denmark (2018), Canada (2018),Greece (2019), New Zealand (2019), Ireland (2020), and Scotland (2021). This wave ofreform was directly inspired by al-Qaeda’s brutal killing of 12 people at the Paris officesof satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, motivated by the newspaper’s publication of acaricature of the Prophet Muhammad. This same trend has not, however, been mirroredin countries where Islam is the State religion. In 2019, Brunei introduced the deathpenalty for apostasy and blasphemy. In 2018, Mauritania amended its laws such that thedeath penalty became mandatory for apostasy and blasphemy. While Sudan abolishedapostasy in 2020, this was part of a series of reforms introduced by the newadministration to make Sudan a secular State.As of 2020, blasphemy was formally criminalised in some 84 countries (Fiss andKestenbaum, 2020:8). As many as 21 countries criminalised apostasy as of 2019 (HumanistsInternational, 2019:18). Keeping in mind that acts in the vein of apostasy and blasphemy mayalso be encompassed under alternate criminal laws,1 the number of States in which offencesagainst religion are informally criminalised is likely much higher. The legal penalties for suchoffences range from fines to imprisonment to corporal punishment—and in at least 12countries,2 the death penalty.This report examines the extent to which States commit, or are complicit in, killings thatviolate religious freedom. Focussing on the 12 States in which offences against religion arelawfully punishable by death, we examine four different types of State-sanctioned killings onthe basis of religious offence (apostasy, blasphemy, or alike) or affiliation (most commonly,membership of a religious minority): judicial executions, extrajudicial killings, killings bycivilians, and killings by extremist groups. We explore the relationship between the retentionof the death penalty for religious offences and other forms of State-sanctioned killingsmotivated by alleged religious offending or by religious identity.An examination of death penalty policy and practice since 2010 found that:• Apostasy is punishable by death in at least 11 countries.3 This is codified in threecountries;4 elsewhere, the death penalty is prescribed by unwritten Shari’a law.• Blasphemy is punishable by death in at least seven countries,5 four of which prescribethe death penalty in legislation.61 States have also treated blasphemous acts as violations of laws prohibiting conversion, hate speech, extremism, andwitchcraft (Fiss and Kestenbaum, 2020:7).2 Afghanistan, Brunei, Iran, Maldives, Mauritania, Nigeria, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, United Arab Emirates, andYemen.3 It is unclear whether apostasy carries the death penalty in Nigeria.4 Brunei, Mauritania, and Yemen.5 Afghanistan, Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia.6 Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, and Pakistan.10• Islam is the State religion in 11 of the 12 countries; Nigeria is secular. In all 12countries, the death penalty for offences against religion stems from, and is justified onthe basis of, Islamic law.• Death sentences were imposed for offences against religion in at least six countries,7and executions were carried out in at least one: Iran.• The death penalty appears to have been used to persecute religious minorities in twocountries: Iran and Saudi Arabia. In both cases, religious minorities were grosslyoverrepresented in execution statistics, and killed in circumstances suggesting that thecharges of which they were formally convicted (political, security, or drug-relatedoffences) were a guise.Looking beyond the death penalty, the following forms of State-sanctioned killing havebeen documented since 2010:• Extrajudicial killings in four countries, including:– Direct killings of religious offenders in Pakistan, and of religious minorities bysecurity forces in Nigeria and Yemen.– Deaths in custody of religious offenders in Pakistan, and of religious minoritiesin Iran and Saudi Arabia.– Enforced disappearances of religious minorities in Yemen.• Killings by civilians in four countries, including:– Vigilantism and mob justice against persons accused of having committedoffences against religion in Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan.– Assassinations of persons deemed sympathetic to religious offenders (such aslawyers and politicians) in Pakistan.– Hate crimes motivated by victims’ religious affiliations in Iran and Pakistan.• Killings by violent extremist groups in four countries, including:– Killings (including quasi-judicial executions) by al-Shabaab in territory over whichit exercises de facto control in Somalia.– Assassinations by al-Qaeda affiliates in collusion with the State in Maldives.– The decades-long pattern of gross and systematic killing of Hazaras byextremist groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan, in response to which these Stateshave been unable or unwilling to intervene.As the title of this report indicates, all killings documented were carried out ‘in the nameof God’; that is, they were motivated by, and justified on the basis of, conservative—andsometimes extremist—interpretations of Islam. However, our examination of internationalhuman rights standards and Islamic law suggests that the two are not irreconcilable. Indeed,our analysis concludes that Islam does not mandate—and indeed denounces, or evenprohibits—homicidal violations of religious freedom.Armed with this more progressive interpretation of Islam, we reviewed existing advocacyefforts by various stakeholders through the lens of norm localisation t [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brunei Darussalam [1] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [2] => Maldives [3] => Mauritania [4] => Nigeria [5] => Qatar [6] => Saudi Arabia [7] => Somalia [8] => United Arab Emirates [9] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/report/Killing_in_the_Name_of_God_State-sanctioned_Violations_of_Religious_Freedom/16748866 ) [501] => Array ( [objectID] => 18298 [title] => Chinese Netizens’ Opinions on Death Sentences [timestamp] => 1635984000 [date] => 04/11/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chinese-netizens-opinions-on-death-sentences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The People’s Republic of China no doubt leads the world in both numbers of death sentences and executions. Despite being the largest user of the death penalty, China has never conducted a national poll on citizens’ opinions toward capital punishment, while claiming “overwhelming public support” as a major justification for its retention and use. Based on a content analysis of 38,512 comments collected from 63 cases in 2015, this study examines the diversity and rationales of netizens’ opinions of and interactions with China’s criminal justice system. In addition, the book discusses China’s social, systemic, and structural problems and critically examines the rationality of netizens’ opinions based on Habermas’s communicative rationality framework. Readers will be able to contextualize Chinese netizens’ discussions and draw conclusions about commonalities and uniqueness of China’s death penalty practice. [texte] => Recently published by the University of Michigan Press, our new book (co-authored with Dr. Jianhong Liu from the University of Macao), titled Chinese Netizens’ Opinions on Death Sentences: An Empirical Examination, examined Chinese public opinion on the death penalty through the lens of Chinese netizens’ (Internet users) comments on 63 capital cases in 2015 (with a total of 38,512 comments). Compared with the rich Western literature, empirical research on this subject is still extremely limited in non-Western nations, including China. As the state which carries out the most executions worldwide, China has never conducted a national poll on citizens’ opinions toward the death penalty (let alone conducted a referendum), although it often claims “overwhelming public support” as a major justification for its retention and use of the death penalty. This post provides an overview of this study, setting out the methodology utilised in the research, the key issues that were addressed, and the main lessons regarding Chinese netizens’ views on capital punishment.Unique methodologyBased on a content analysis of Chinese netizens’ opinions about China’s death sentences, our study provides the first in-depth examination of what Chinese netizens think about various death sentences and executions in China, and how and why they favour or oppose such sentences and executions. Methodologically, our qualitative data fill a significant gap in studies of Chinese public opinion on capital punishment, and complement previous quantitative survey studies in this field.Front cover of the book 'Chinese Netizens' Opinions on Death Sentences'Given the impracticability of conducting a nationally representative survey in China and other weaknesses associated with survey studies (e.g. survey questions often lack specific contexts and only tap into respondents’ general and abstract opinions, while their opinions are subject to change given different circumstances), we turned to a forum of public comments (the website sina.com.cn) from which we collected netizens’ comments on news articles about death sentences in China. As the cases reported were real, concern about artificial manipulations in previous survey and vignette studies was no longer an issue in our design.Though not a nationally representative sample, Chinese netizens serve as a better representation than samples utilized in previous studies in the country. The China Internet Network Information Center (2021) reported that the total number of Chinese Internet users had reached 1.01 billion (71.6% of China’s total population) by June 2021, and 99.6% of users access the Internet via mobile phones. This high level of Internet usage enables interested netizens to participate in our study. While geographical restriction was often a major limitation in past studies, data in our study covered all 31 provinces in mainland China and Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. Unlike survey respondents who might not have a real interest in death penalty issues and/or are ‘forced’ to answer questions that might not otherwise be on their mind, netizens in this study shared their opinions voluntarily, reducing potential problems of some methodological issues such as the social desirability bias. In addition, netizens’ interactions (i.e. exchanges of netizens’ comments) allow us to examine the potential effect of a unique form of public discussion and deliberation. Such online public discussions and deliberations fill a significant gap in contemporary China, as people still lack meaningful alternatives to voice their opinions and concerns about sensitive issues such as the use of the death penalty in the non-virtual world.Key issues coveredOrganized in ten chapters, our study examined a number of key issues. First, we started with basic but fundamental questions including what Chinese netizens commented on (i.e. the diversity of their comments), why they supported or opposed death sentences (i.e. the rationales of netizens’ opinions), and how they responded to each other (i.e. netizens’ interactions). Second, we focused on variances of netizens’ opinions and examined how their opinions might have changed given different circumstances such as crime types, characteristics of defendants and victims, legal procedures, and media reporting. Third, we paid particular attention to netizens’ evaluation of China’s criminal justice system and its professionals, and discussed how netizens’ opinions were embedded in China’s social, systemic, and structural problems. Last but not least, we critically examined the rationality of netizens’ opinions based on Jürgen Habermas’s ‘communicative rationality’ framework.[i] As Chinese netizens’ comments were made in specific cases, readers of this book would be able to contextualize netizens’ discussions, and learn lessons and draw conclusions about the commonalities and the uniqueness of China’s practice compared with other jurisdictions. The authenticity of our empirical data – from 63 death penalty cases with a total of 123 death sentenced offenders, covering 11 different types of capital offences – boosts the quality of this study and allows readers to gain a glimpse of the actual situation in China’s practice of the death penalty.Main lessonsCollectively, a number of lessons can be drawn from this study. First, Chinese netizens’ opinions displayed a great degree of diversity on the range of topics covered (the breadth), the diverse views covered in each topic (the depth), and the variances of netizens’ opinions given the different circumstances of cases. Chinese netizens are not afraid of sharing their opinions online, sometimes with very bold and critical statements. In cases involving unpopular governmental policies (e.g. birth control policy, real estate demolition and relocation policy), they explicitly expressed their rejection and even lent majority support to capital offenders in some cases. Such bold voices and opposition suggest that government claims of “overwhelming public support” are misleading and fail to represent the nuances of netizens’ true opinions.Second, the influence of Chinese culture is apparent in the majority of netizens’ opinions. Concepts such as sharen changming (a life for a life) and “killing one to deter a hundred” heavily influenced netizens’ support of death sentences. The influence of such traditional culture is what makes China “Chinese,” and it may pose obstacles to further reforms of China’s use of capital punishment (e.g. reduction or abolition). Third, netizens’ comments and discussions are embedded in contemporary Chinese society and reflect their opinions about existing social problems and systems, such as their concerns about rising crime rates and public safety, rampant corruption, problems of the healthcare system, widening social inequality, privileges enjoyed by governmental officials and the wealthy, and the fairness of the judicial system.Fourth, our study presented a unique opportunity to examine the rationality of Chinese netizens’ discussions and deliberations online – a key component missing from past studies. Applying Habermas’s communicative rationality framework, we identified both elements of rationality and irrationality in our study. Major examples of irrationality include personal attacks, cursing, calling for legal punishment of innocent people and forgoing legal procedures, and various forms of discrimination. These examples failed to meet the Habermasian standards due to the nature of netizens’ behavior in violating contemporary moral and legal norms (e.g. calling for punishment of innocent people), based on flawed reasoning (e.g. discriminatory remarks), or carrying disruptive and damaging effect on the communication process or the consensus-building outcome (e.g. personal attacks, cursing, discrimination). In contrast, the case comparisons and constructive suggestions by the Chinese netizens presented good instances of rational arguments. It is through case comparisons that netizens questioned fairness and equity in contemporary Chinese society and brought in different perspectives from other nations. In making suggestions, destructive ones intended only to vent would fail the test of Habermas’s rationality, but constructive ones intended to stimulate netizens’ communication and help them reach consensus would prevail. Given the nature of anonymity without face-to-face interaction, online discussions presented an open platform for netizens to express their opinions (almost unregulated) and vent their feelings (uncontrolled). How to guide Chinese netizens to better utilize this unique platform of public opinion continues to be a challenge, especially when other viable channels to participate in public discussion and debate are lacking in China.Bin Liang is Professor of Sociology at Oklahoma State University. Further details about Professor Liang and Professor Liu's book can be found on the University of Michigan Press website here.[i] Jürgen Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action (Vols. 1 & 2) (Beacon Press 1984/1987). [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.press.umich.edu/11481664/chinese_netizens_opinions_on_death_sentences ) [502] => Array ( [objectID] => 17566 [title] => Joint Declaration on the Death Penalty and Women’s Rights [timestamp] => 1633824000 [date] => 10/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-declaration-on-the-death-penalty-and-womens-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/worldday-event-fb-500x262.jpg [extrait] => As we mark the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women facing capital punishment, who have been sentenced to death, who have been executed or who have been pardoned or found not guilty, the members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and allies of women sentenced to death take this […] [texte] => As we mark the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women facing capital punishment, who have been sentenced to death, who have been executed or who have been pardoned or found not guilty, the members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and allies of women sentenced to death take this opportunity to:Draw attention to the gender-based discrimination that confront women facing the death penalty during in the lead-up to the offense, investigation, trial, sentencing and appeal phases. Gender-based discrimination can occur against women facing capital punishment and in many cases mitigating circumstances that might benefit women sentenced to death are not considered. For instance, this is particularly true in cases of sexual and gender-based violence.Emphasize that gender-based discrimination does not operate in isolation but combines with other forms of discrimination, including those based on age, race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity, economic status, disability amongst others, that expose women on death row to multiple and intersecting forms of inequality.Note that there are gaps in the information available on the number and status of women who have been sentenced to death, executed, had their death sentences commuted or pardoned, due to a lack of accurate and disaggregated figures in many countries.Recall that in many countries conditions of detention threaten the physical, and psychological integrity and even the lives of all prisoners, and that women on death row face unique challenges due to their specific needs, such as lack of gender-sensitive medical care and hygiene products, and threats of gender-based violence.We recommend that governments in countries that have yet to abolish the death penalty/ still retain the death penalty:A) Abolish the death penalty for all offences, regardless of gender; B) Pending full abolition, we call on governments to:Eliminate the death penalty for offenses that do not meet the threshold of ""most serious crimes"" under international law and standards;Repeal provisions that allow for the mandatory imposition of the death penalty, which does not allow judges to consider the circumstances of the offense for the defendant at sentencing;Acknowledge the compounding forms of violence and discrimination experienced by girls and women - including gender-based violence, early and forced marriage; review laws, criminal procedures, and judicial practices and implement policies and legislative reforms to protect women from these abuses;Ensure that the criminal justice system takes full account of any mitigating factors linked to women's backgrounds, including accounts of prior abuse, mental and intellectual disabilities;Prevent the disproportionate prosecution and detention of women for ""moral/sexual"" crimes, and consider decriminalizing these types of offenses;Promote the training of all those involved in the investigation, representation and prosecution of crimes involving women on gender-based discrimination and violence, pathways to crime, and gender-sensitive mitigations;Ensure that all those facing the death penalty have access to free and effective legal counsel experienced in capital representation, and that are trained to recognize and bring forward claims mitigating factors, including those linked to gender-based discrimination;Develop and implement programs to prevent gender-based violence and discrimination, and promote women and girls’ human rights.Signatory organizations:ACAT-FranceThe Advocates for Human RightsAmnesty InternationalAnti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN)Asia CatalystAssociation de Jeunes pour la Paix et la DémocratieAssociation française des femmes des Carrières JuridiquesThe Autonomous Women’s CenterAvocats sans frontières FranceBangladesh Institute of Human RightsCapital Punishment Justice ProjectCenter for Prisoners’ Rights JapanCentre d’Information et de Documentation sur les Droits de l’Enfants et de la FemmeColegio de Abogados y Abogagas de Puerto RicoCollectif Libérons MumiaCornell Center on the Death Penalty WorldwideDefense of Human Rights and Dignity Movement (iDefend)Demir Leblebi Kadin DerneğiEleos Justice, Monash UniversityFamilies of Victims of Involuntary Disappearance (FIND)Federation of Women Lawyers FIDA CameroonFemmes for Freedom AlgemeenFocal Commissioner for Women’s Human Rights and the Anti-Death Penalty Campaign Commission on Human Rights of the PhilippinesFoundation for Elimination of Violence Against Women – Mitra PerempuanGender Violence Clinic – University of Maryland Carey School of LawGerman Coalition to Abolish the Death PenaltyGirl ConcernHuman Rights & Democracy Media Center SHAMS/PalestineInternational Commission of JuristsItalian Federation for Human Rights (FIDU)Japan Innocence and Death Penalty Information CenterKarapatan AllianceKenya Human Rights CommissionlifesparkMagistrats Européens pour la Démocratie et les LibertésMaldivian Democracy Network (MDN)Mamas for Burundi AssociationMedical Action GroupNederlandstaligeVrouwenraadParliamentarians for Global Action (PGA)Pax Christi Uvira asblPersatuan Sahabat Wanita SelangorPhilippine Alliance of Human Rights Advocates (PAHRA)Philippine Coalition for the International Criminal CourtPlanète Réfugiés – Droits de l’HommePunjab Women CollectiveREPECAP – International Academic Network for the Abolition of Capital PunishmentRéseau des Femmes Leaders pour la DéveloppementSalam for Democracy and Human RightsThe Sentencing ProjectServeSosyal Yardımlaşma Rehabilitasyon ve Adaptasyon Merkezi (SOHRAM-CASRA)Southern Methodist University (SMU) Human Rights ProgramTask Force Detainees of the PhilippinesTexas After Violence ProjectUIA-IROL (Institute for the Rule of Law of the International Association of Lawyers)Vision des Filles Leaders pour le DéveloppementWomen and ChildWomen and Harm Reduction InternationalWomen Information NetworkWomen’s Committee - UIA (International Association of Lawyers)World Coalition Against the Death Penalty [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [503] => Array ( [objectID] => 17538 [title] => Publication of a New Guide on Working with Parliamentarians to Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1633824000 [date] => 10/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/publication-of-a-new-guide-on-working-with-parliamentarians-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/big-Cropped-Parliamentarian-guide-image.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, in partnership with Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA), has published a new how-to guide for civil society organizations (CSOs) on how to collaborate with parliamentarians to abolish the death penalty. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, in partnership with Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA), has published a new how-to guide for civil society organizations (CSOs) on how to collaborate with parliamentarians to abolish the death penalty. (more…) "Publication of a New Guide on Working with Parliamentarians to Abolish the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [504] => Array ( [objectID] => 18289 [title] => Women and the Death Penalty in Iran [timestamp] => 1633651200 [date] => 08/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/women-and-the-death-penalty-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In observation of the 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to women, Iran Human Rights is providing a report on the women executed in Iran over the last 12 years (2010-2021). The executions in this period are by no means representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s complete history of executing women; the number of female political prisoners executed in the 1980s must be acknowledged due to their sheer volume and abhorrent nature. But even today, there is ample evidence of their cruel and inhuman treatment of female prisoners, which will be highlighted in this report. [texte] => The 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty is dedicated to women; those who riskbeing sentenced to death, who have received a death sentence, who have been executed,and to those who have had their death sentences commuted, exonerated, or pardoned. Inobservation of the day and the theme this year, Iran Human Rights is providing a reporton the women executed in Iran over the last 12 years (2010-2021). The female executionsin this period are by no means representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s completehistory of executing women; the number of female political prisoners executed in the1980s must be acknowledged due to their sheer volume and abhorrent nature. But eventoday, there is ample evidence of their cruel and inhuman treatment of women, whichwill be highlighted in this report.Today, Iran has the highest number of executions after China, and is one of the world’stop executioners of women. Of the 16 women reported to have been executed globallyin 2020,1 nine were executed in Iran.2 As with all executions, the majority of womenexecutions are carried out secretly. When reported, women are often portrayed as evilmothers, femme fatales or conniving schemers. The reality however is layered withlegislative and social discrimination, inequality and taboos, which this report aims toexamine.On the occasion of the World Day Against the Death Penalty 2021, IHRNGO repeatsits call for Iran to establish a moratorium on the use of the death penalty as a first steptowards the abolition of the death penalty, and for women to be entitled to equal civilrights and equality before the law. Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, IHRNGO Directorsaid: “In 2021, the world should not tolerate laws that legitimise the death penalty, whichis the most cruel, inhumane and discriminatory punishment of our time. This World DayAgainst the Death Penalty, let us be the voice of the women on death row who are mostlyunknown and from marginalised backgrounds.”INTRODUCTION4 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTSThe context and background of female executions in Iran must be examined through thelegislative framework of the death penalty in general, and of the breaches of rights and socialissues faced by women specifically. A comprehensive report on the death penalty in Iran ispublished annually by Iran Human Rights and ECMP (Together Against the Death Penalty),which provides a detailed breakdown of the legislative framework and procedures. 3A morecondensed version relating to female executions in this period is provided for the purpose ofthis report.The death penalty is sanctioned for a number of crimes which cannot be considered “mostserious crimes” and do not meet the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil andPolitical Rights (ICCPR), ratified by Iran in 1975. Of the cases recorded in 2010-2021, all buttwo (espionage) of the known charges against the164 women were for drug-related offencesand murder. Once arrested, confessions are the most common way of proving guilt in deathpenalty cases. All death row prisoners IHRNGO has been in contact with have testified tobeing subjected to torture in order to confess to the crime they were charged with. This isnot limited only to those with political or security-related charges. Almost all prisoners whowere arrested for drug-related offences have been kept in solitary confinement and subjectedto physical torture in the investigation phase following their detention, while being deniedaccess to a lawyer. In many cases, confessions extracted in detention have been the onlyevidence available for the judge to base his verdict upon. Torture is also used in other criminalcases involving rape or murder where there is not enough evidence against the suspect.Furthermore, in qisas cases, a woman’s testimony is considered worthless and they are notentitled to be witnesses.The important point to note is the systematic denial of legal due process, unfair trials, use oftorture and duress, forced confessions and lack of a transparent and independent judiciaryin Iran. The charges in each case, therefore, are the official account and charges by Iranianauthorities, and have not been confirmed by independent individuals/bodies.Women also face inequality before the law and societal discrimination prior to havingcommitted any crimes. As with global statistics, poverty is an underlying factor in deathpenalty cases. This is particularly evident in drug-related executions but also extends tomurder cases. Traditionally, men are considered the breadwinners and when working classwomen who were not afforded an education or professional skills are left to raise their childrenalone, without any support from the state, they are forced to do what they can to survive.When a single mother of five, including a disabled child, was executed on drug-related charges,her family could not even afford to bury her. And her case is by no means isolated or unique.Societally, women also face forced marriages; six child brides were amongst the womenexecuted in 2010-2021 and one woman (Safieh Ghafouri, charged with murder) was an aroosekhoon-bas, a bride offered by one tribe to the opposing tribe to stop the bloodshed. Within themarriage itself, a woman does not have the right to divorce, even in cases of domestic violenceand abuse, which are hidden in cultural codes and language. In 66% of the known murdercases, the women were convicted of killing their husband or partner. Mental illness alsoremains a taboo subject, with inadequate care and treatment within Iranian society at large.BACKGROUND5 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTSThe following statistics relate to the execution of women recorded by Iran Human Rightsbetween 1 January 2010-10 October 2021:•••••••••••FACTS & FIGURESAt least 164 women were executedFemale executions represent 2.57% of all executions in the same period31% (51) of the executions were announced by official sources and 69% (113) werecarried out secretly or were not announcedAt least 86 women were executed on drug-related chargesAt least 60 women were executed on murder chargesOf the three women executed on security charges, two were executed on espionagechargesThe third woman (Shirin Alamhooli), was executed on the charge of moharebeh(enmity against god) for membership in a Kurdish opposition groupThe charges against 15 of the women are unknownThe average number of women executed annually for murder charges doubled afterthe 2017 amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Law3 of the executed women were juvenile offendersA woman (Zahra Bahrami) was executed on drug-related charges after beingarrested in relation to the 2009 nationwide protests and originally sentenced tomoharebeh (enmity against god)6 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTSIn 2010-2021, of the known charges, all but three women were executed on murder anddrug-related charges and the charges against 15 women are unknown.In 2010-2021, only 31% (51) of the executions were announced by official sources and69% (113) were carried out secretly or were not announced7 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTS86 women were executed on drug-related charges, 60 on murder charges, 3 onsecurity charges and the charges against 15 women are unknownThe average number of women executed annually for murder charges doubled afterthe 2017 amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Law8 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTSQISAS EXECUTIONSQisas or retribution-in-kind is the right of the murder victim’s family according tothe Islamic Penal Code. The State effectively puts the responsibility for executions formurder in the hands of the victim’s family to decide whether they want retirbution,diya (blood money) or to forgive. Qisas death sentences are also imposed for juvenileoffenders as, according to Sharia, the age of criminal responsibility for girls is 9 and forboys 15 lunar years (8.7 years for girls and 14.6 years for boys).•••••••••60 women were executed on murder charges in 2010-2021Murder charges account for more than 90% of all female executions since 2018Of the 60 executions, the details of 41 of the cases have been established and 19are unknown66% of the 41 women were charged with the murder of their husband/fiancé/lover/temporary marriage6 of the women were child brides3 were under 18 years of age at the time of committing the alleged murder(juvenile offenders)2 suffered with confirmed mental illnesses3 of the women had committed murder in self-defence against rape1 of the women was an aroose-khoon-basThe average number of women executed annually for murder charges doubled afterthe 2017 amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Law9 | Women & the Death Penalty in Iran IRANHUMANRIGHTSCASESREYHANEH JABBARI, 26Reyhaneh was sentenced to qisas after beingconvicted of killing a man in self-defence againstrape. She was tortured to make self-incriminatingconfessions but later published her account ofthe events from prison. She was executed on 25October 2014.4ZEINAB SAKAMVANDZeinab was a child bride and a juvenile offender who was also a victim of domesticviolence and of rape by her brother-in-law. She was accused of killing her husband at 17,which she denied. She married another prisoner in prison and gave birth to a still-bornchild prior to her execution on 2 October 2018.5ZEINAB KHODAMORAD, 43Zeinab suffered from acute mental illness and was hospitalised following the birth ofher child. She killed her child and step-child after her husband discharged her againsthospital advice. She was executed on 29 December 2020.6MARYAM KARIMIMaryam was a victim of domestic abuse but her husband refused to consent to adivorce. She was on death row for 13 years with her father, Ebrahim Karimi, who helpedher kill her husband. Her execution was carried out by her own daughter and her fatherwas brought in to see Maryam’s dead body hanging on the noose after her execution on15 March 2021.7DRUG-RELATED EXECUTIONSBefore 2018, drug charges counted for the majority of [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/articles/4910/ ) [505] => Array ( [objectID] => 17507 [title] => How to Work with Parliamentarians for the Abolition of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-work-with-parliamentarians-for-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This how-to guide, elaborated with Parliamentarians for Global Action with highlights coming from the African continent, is specifically designed for the use of abolitionist civil society groups who want to work with parliamentarians for the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => This how-to guide, elaborated with Parliamentarians for Global Action with highlights coming from the African continent, is specifically designed for the use of abolitionist civil society groups who want to work with parliamentarians for the abolition of the death penalty."Introduction toparliamentariansThis chapter is devoted to creating a base of knowledge tounderstand how parliamentarians work. In order engage withthem in the most effective way, the 􀀳rst step is to understandwho they are, what their role is, what they can and cannot doand what motivates them.""WHO ARE PARLIAMENTARIANS?Parliamentarians, or members of parliament (MPs),are representative individuals who work in aparliament. A parliament is a “representative body ofindividuals to whom the people have entrusted theresponsibility of laying down the legal frameworkwithin which society will be governed.”6The role and structure of both parliaments andparliamentarians vary greatly according to thecountry or region in which they are operating.Nevertheless, their primary role is related to theexercise of legislative power – deliberating andde􀀷ning policy, as well as adopting laws, andmonitoring/ determining the implementation of thepassed legislation in a given jurisdiction.The name of the body exercising the function ofparliament differs from country to country.Parliaments can also be either unicameral – onechamber or house – or bicameral – two separatechambers, each with a different name (for example,National Assembly, House of Representatives,Senate, House of Councilors, etc.). In the case of abicameral parliament, each chamber- usually a lower chamber and an upper chamber- has slightlydifferent but complementary functions. It is notalways the case that both chambers are able tointroduce legislation. The meeting of both houseschanges its name, and merge into one legislativebody, such as a Congress or a Parliament.MPs’ titles also differ according to the language,country, and parliament in question; they might besimply referred to as MPs, or as congressmen orcongresswomen, representatives, national assemblymembers (NAM), etc. It is thus essential to researchthe legislative organs of the country where you wishto work to use the proper vernacular.7 They are allpotential legislators8 insofar as they have legislativepower.Throughout this guide the word parliament andparliamentarian will be used, but those termsincorporate all forms of elected institutions who holdlegislative power within a state.""KEY FUNCTIONS OF PARLIAMENTARIANSEach type of parliament, as highlighted in theprevious section, may have a variety of differentfunctions according to its mandate and the locationin which it is operating. While it is not possible to listall of the key functions of all types of parliament, thefollowing functions will focus primarily on nationalparliaments—the recommended primary target. If agiven example is not related a national parliament,the example will so state.""POLICYMAKINGIndividual parliamentarians can directly in􀀸uence theirrespective political parties, especially when they arefrom the majority party. This type of in􀀸uence canhelp orient the government’s position on issues relatedto criminal justice reform, including the death penalty.Parliamentarians can also help in􀀸uence policy bybringing issues to the forefront of political debate thatmay not be a current priority: both in parliament(through a parliamentary question or the introductionof a private member’s bill for the purpose of openinga discussion) and with the larger public (through opedsor their social media accounts).""LAW-MAKINGAs for direct legislative power, national parliamentsacross the world perform the bulk of law-making intheir countries. While the extent of this law-makingvaries from country to country, the overall focus oflaw-making includes drafting bills, proposing theirdiscussion and debate, holding hearings, and votingin new legislation. In the context of promotingabolition, law-making is a crucial function. All stagesof law-making can provide an opportunity for civilsociety to lobby and advocate with parliamentarians.Examples of abolition law-making vary and aredependent on the situation in your country. They caninclude:• passing an o􀀶cial moratorium on executions9 – agood 􀀷rst step in a country which is not ready toabolish the death penalty,• strengthening the legal safeguards applicable tocapital cases,• reducing the scope of the death penalty by eitherremoving capital crimes or creating new mitigatingcircumstances which would preclude the passing ofa death sentence on a person convicted of a capitalcrime,• eliminating the mandatory death penalty,• proposing amendments or additions to other legislationor to constitutional reviews going through the parliament,• ratifying international instruments like the SecondOptional Protocol to the United Nations’ InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights (OP2-ICCPR) andensuring that national law is harmonized with adoptedinternational law, and• promoting the creation of regional treaties andprotocols that encourage consolidation of the pledgeto abolish the death penalty (such as the draft protocolto the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rightson the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa).Civil society can also request parliamentarians to helpin preventing the return of death penalty in a countrythat has already abolished it or to help 􀀷ght theexpansion of the death penalty. Examples of suchsupport can include:• voting against a bill to reinstate the death penalty inan abolitionist country, and• providing opposition in debates to extend the scopeof the death penalty in a retentionist country.""OVERSIGHTOnce the law-making function has been ful􀀷lled, andnew abolitionist legislation is put in place,parliamentarians and parliament may hold theexecutive branch of government accountable for theimplementation of the law. Oversight committees,select committees, and councils can be set up to judgethe effectiveness of the law’s implementation and tourge the executive to make any necessary changes.Select committees, speci􀀷cally, have a statutory roleof oversight on the policies and performance ofgovernment. They are also usually comprised of allthe majority parties and are meant to be independentof the executive.For example, after the Federal Government of theUnited States (US) of America announced that it wouldresume executions in 2019, the Oversight Committeeof the lower chamber of Congress, the House ofRepresentatives, launched an investigation overconcerns regarding the proposed method of execution. Under US federal law, the death penaltyand executions are legal, but only under certainconditions. If those conditions are not met, thenCongress can call into question the legitimacy ofcarrying out the executions. In this case, the USFederal Government was using a new drug, previouslyuncodi􀀷ed in existing law, to restart executions. Thedrug and the sources of this drug were brought to theattention of lawmakers. Ultimately the execution datesthat were originally scheduled were postponed to allowfor changes in the federal execution protocol.10Apart from these speci􀀷c bodies, parliamentariansoften have prerogatives that can be useful in holdingthe executive accountable for its implementation ofthe law. In most parliaments, parliamentarians can,for example, address parliamentary questions tomembers of the executive (which would then have toprovide an answer), hear experts (e.g., members ofthe judiciary or civil society representatives) incommittee, or visit prisons and other detentioncenters.""REPRESENTATIONRepresenting the best interest of the people is theprimary mandate of all democratic parliamentarians,as is listening to and acting upon public concerns in aleadership capacity. Constituent approval is generallythe most important thing for MPs.This function goes both ways; parliamentarians aretasked with taking the concerns of theirconstituents to parliament to address them, but theyare not beholden to what might be considered“public opinion” and they have a duty to inform andraise awareness among their constituents. Incampaigning for a speci􀀷c issue, a parliamentariancan act as an advocate by raising awareness withinthe parliamentarian’s constituency.Parliamentarians can promote abolitionist action byusing their platform to speak publicly about an issue(e.g., meet with constituents and make publicstatements), organizing a network of abolitionistparliamentarians, supporting campaigns to mobilizecommunities on the impact of the death penalty(such as on World Day Against the Death Penalty,every 10th of October), or running an electioncampaign with a platform supporting universalabolition. Additionally, in speci􀀷c cases of individualsfacing the death penalty, they may call on authoritiesto show mercy in new proceedings and to ensureproceedings comply with fair trial rights, all whilerespecting the strict separation of powers. Thesesteps can be particularly helpful when nationals aresentenced to death or at risk of being sentenced todeath abroad.Parliamentarians can also represent theirconstituents through their political party.Frequently, as being an active member of a speci􀀷cpolitical party, a parliamentarian may have partyresponsibilities. Political party obligations are alsoindicative of how much in􀀸uence they can have in alegislative setting.For more information on the role ofparliamentarians and the challenges theyface, see pages 9-11 of the 2014Parliamentarian Resource published by theWorld Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Additionally, it is important to note that whilethe goal of advocating with aparliamentarian(s) may focus on 􀀸nallegislation, there are various routes toengaging with parliamentarians to buildsupport for abolition.""A WORLD OF PARLIAMENTS:WHOM SHOULD YOUR ADVOCACY TARGET?In understanding parliaments, it is important torecognize that there are many different types whosefunctions may vary according to their mand [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/FINAL_EN_Parliamentarian-Guide_BD.pdf ) [506] => Array ( [objectID] => 18299 [title] => Deathworthy: a mental health perspective of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deathworthy-a-mental-health-perspective-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A first of its kind report, Deathworthy, presents empirical data on mental illness and intellectual disability among death row prisoners in India and the psychological consequences of living on death row. The report finds that an overwhelming majority of death row prisoners interviewed (62.2%) had a mental illness and 11% had intellectual disability. The proportion of persons with mental illness and intellectual disability on death row is overwhelmingly higher than the proportion in the community population. The report also establishes correlations between conditions of death row incarceration and mental illness and ill-health. Led and conceptualised by Maitreyi Misra (Head, Mental Health and Criminal Justice, Project 39A, National Law University Delhi), the study was conducted under the guidance of Dr. Pratima Murthy (Director, NIMHANS), Dr Sanjeev Jain (Senior Professor, Deptt of Psychiatry, NIMHANS) and Dr Gitanjali Narayanan (Associate Professor, Deptt of Psychology, NIMHANS). [texte] => The phrase ‘prisoner sentenced to death’ or ‘death row prisoner’ for the purposes of the Report encompasses prisonerssentenced to death by the trial court, including those whosesentence is pending confirmation by the High Court. Thoughthe law considers only those prisoners to be ‘under sentence8 9of death’ whose mercy petition has been rejected by the President1, in reality, as soon as the death sentence is imposed bythe trial court, prisoners are treated and seen differently notjust by prison administrators and other prisoners, but institutionally as well. It is the reality and experience of being treatedas a death row prisoner (even if it is not what the law mandates)and of living under the threat of state sanctioned death that weaccorded primacy.After outlining the nature of our sample, including death rowprisoners and their families, the chapter provides informationon parameters that were found to be representative of India’sdeath row population, as tested against details documented inthe Death Penalty India Report. The chapter then details thesocio-economic background of death row prisoners interviewed,and provides a bird’s eye view of the cases against the prisonersand the criminal justice system.Our first interview with a death row prisoner was on 21st December2016 in Central Prison, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. On that day, there werea total of 388 prisoners living under the sentence of death in India.But the death row population does not remain static for long andthe numbers change rapidly. For instance, on the last date of ourinterview with the prisoners, i.e., 13th February 2018, there were365 prisoners under the sentence of death. However, in order tocompare proportions, we needed to freeze the number of prisonersand for this purpose, we used the number of death row prisonersas on the first day of the prisoner interviews. We interviewed 88death row prisoners, including three female prisoners, across fivestates—Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh. PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATHInterviews with prisoners sentenced to death were conducted infive states—Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka andKerala—between 21st December 2016 and 13th February 2018.Though the maximum number of death row prisoners that we couldhave interviewed across the five states was 97, we were able tointerview 88. With respect to Karnataka, the permission itself wascontingent on us not interviewing one death row prisoner whosemercy petition was rejected by the President in 2013. Seven prisonersrefused to interview with us for reasons of media and communitybacklash, concern for the family’s well-being and disinterestin participating in the Project. One prisoner was medically unfit tosit for the interview. (Graph 1.1)Interviews for the 88 prisoners were conducted across 16 CentralPrisons and one District Prison. (Table 1.1)Sample CHAPTER I 1110SAMPLE SIZE OF DEATH ROWPRISONERSGRAPH 1.1KARNATAKA26KERALA17MADHYA PRADESH30KERALA1DELHI5DELHI7KARNATAKA3CHHATTISGARH8NOT INTERVIEWED9 FAMILIES OF DEATH ROW PRISONERSFamilies of death row prisoners were interviewed across sevenstates, i.e., Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, MadhyaPradesh and Uttar Pradesh. The family interviews were conductedbetween 14th November 2016 and 13th April 2018. The familytracking began on 31st October 2016 in Chhattisgarh.Though we interviewed 88 prisoners across five states, 171 familieswere tracked and 110 were interviewed across seven states. Thelarge discrepancy between the number of prisoners interviewedand families tracked and those interviewed is because in two states,Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, we tracked the families while awaitingresponses from the Prison Department. While we were not givenpermission to interview prisoners in Bihar, the Prison Departmentin Uttar Pradesh eventually stopped responding to our requests.We stopped our interviews with families when the permission fromthese two states did not come through.In the five states where death row prisoners were also interviewed,we were unable to track three families, while four familiesrefused to be interviewed. Stigma, fear of media and communitybacklash, cultural barriers with respect to women and severed tieswith the prisoners were some of the reasons for families to denyconsent. We did not interview four families because the prisoners,whom we had approached before the family in these cases,requested us to not interview them. Eight prisoners did not havefamily in the same state. In this group, we were able to track downand interview five families. (Graph 1.2)TABLE 1.1State-wise break-up of prisons where interviews were conductedS.No. Name of theStatePrisons Covered Number of PrisonersInterviewedGallowsPresent1. Chhattisgarh Central Jail, Raipur 8 Yes2. Delhi Central Jail, Tihar 7 Yes3. Madhya Pradesh New Central Jail, Bhopal 2 NoCentral Jail, Hoshangabad 1 NoCentral Jail, Jabalpur 7 YesCentral Jail, Indore 11 YesDistrict Jail, Indore 1 NoCentral Jail, Gwalior 3 NoCentral Jail, Ujjain 5 No4. Karnataka Hindalga Central Jail,Belgaum26 Yes5. Kerala Central Prison, Kannur 6 YesCentral Prison, Poojappura(Thiruvananthapuram)9 YesCentral Prison, Viyyur 2 No12 CHAPTER I 13FAMILIES OF DEATH ROW PRISONERSINTERVIEWEDGRAPH 1.2BIHAR20CHHATTISGARH12KERALA13DELHI4UTTAR PRADESH8UTTAR PRADESH42KARNATAKA22MADHYA PRADESH2DELHI3KERALA3KARNATAKA6BIHAR5MADHYA PRADESH31FAMILIES TRACKEDBUT NOT INTERVIEWED61As the 88 prisoners interviewed for the Project are only a proportionof the total number of death row prisoners, it was importantto consider the extent to which it is representative of India’s deathrow population. Accordingly, we compared the socio-economicprofile of the sample under consideration and information relatedto their cases with the data presented by the Death Penalty IndiaReport. Though its data pertains to 2013-2015, it is the only studyto have documented the socio-economic characteristics as wellas information on the criminal justice system with respect to allof India’s death row population. The sample in this Project wasconsidered representative of the death row population along aparameter if the p value was greater than or equal to 0.052. Oursample was found to be representative of key indicators of thesocio-economic status of the death row population. These includeage at the time of offence (p value = 0.33) and interview (p value =0.64), sex3 (p value = 0.9), education (p value = 0.06), employment(p value = 0.92), and caste (p value = 0.14). The population wasalso found to be representative along the parameters of offence(p value = 0.15) and nature of legal representation (p value = 0.56).RepresentativeNature of thePopulation Interviewed AGE-WISE COMPOSITION OF DEATHROW PRISONERSBefore imposing the death penalty, courts are meant to inquireinto factors that may be considered mitigating, such as the ageof the prisoner at the time of the incident, with “extreme youth”being of “compelling importance”4. Recent developments in thefield of mental health and neuroscience provide some answersas to why young age is important when attributing responsibilityand deciding the degree of blameworthiness for certain actions.Research suggests that our brain continues to develop in areascritical to our daily functioning, including impulse control, decisionmaking and risk assessment, until around the age of 255. Increasedimpulsivity and reactivity to situations, lesser maturity and a notyet fully formed ability for considered foresight explain the importanceof young age as a mitigating factor. (See Chapter III onVulnerabilities and Life Experiences).Given the widespread lack of documentation among the prisonersand families we interviewed, we relied on their narrativesfor information on the prisoners’ age. Where the prisoner or thefamily was not able to give a definitive answer or gave a range,we cross-checked the ages with judgements and prison records,where available.51 prisoners out of the 88 were under the age of 30 at the timeof the incident, and 31 prisoners were under the age of 25. Twoprisoners claimed to be below 18 years at the time of the incident,which, if true, would mean that they would have been ineligible forthe death penalty in the first place. Two prisoners were above 60years of age at the time of the incident. (Graph 1.3)The median age of death row prisoners at the time of incidentwas 28 (16-75) years. The median age at the time of sentencingwas 33.5 (18-77) years. The median age at the time of assessmentwas 37 (22-78) years.Socio-EconomicProfile of PrisonersSentenced to Death14 CHAPTER I 15AGE AT THE TIME OF INCIDENT (YEARS)SURYAKANTLAKSHMIKANTJAY SINGHDAMODARDATTADIVYESHMADHUKARARCHAN SHARMASAKSHAMPRANAVMADHVAN JAGMOHAN MURAGANNAVARSAARUAMAR MANOHARPURABLUVBALASUBRAMANIAMMAHADEVRAJATRAMDHARIAKUL SONIRUDRANICHOLAS TESLASUBODHSANJUDIYALUCKYMUTHUADNANBILALANANDGIRINDRASIDHARTH KUMARRACHITAMARNATH TIMMAJAIRAMROHITVASAVPALLAVVIGNESHMUSTAFAAIJAZPARTHMANUAGE-WISE COMPOSITION OF DEATH ROWPRISONERS AT THE TIME OF INCIDENTGRAPH 1.3DEATH SENTENCE IMPOSED BY TRIAL COURTHIGH COURT CONFIRMEDSUPREME COURT CONFIRMED1020304050607080AKIRAASADDRUPADMAYURSUSHANTPADMANABHANROSHINISHEHERYARFAISALJAVED SULTANANASNAUSHADNIRMALGHALIBVINEETAARJAV SURYACHAITANYAPARVEZOMKAR HANUMASACHCHIDANANDAARJUN PANDITSHYAM GOPALLAXMANURVIDHARMAKETU BANKARWASIQVEYDAANTHILBERTSUDISHRAGHURAMPAUL JOHNRAMANANDRAGHU NAYAKADITYA SINGHHUSSAINBARUN KUMARSAQIBLAMBODARVISHNUMAYANK CHUHRASUNDARAMRIVANKARTIKEYASANATHMUSTHAQ102030405060708016 CHAPTER I 1720304050607080AGE AT THE TIME OF ASSESSMENT (YEARS)AGE-WISE COMPOSITION OF DEATH ROWPRISONERS AT THE TIME OF ASSESSMENTGRAPH 1.4DEATH SENTENCE IMPOSED BY TRIAL COURTHIGH COURT CONFIRMEDSUPREME COURT CONFIRMEDSURYAKANTLAKSHMIKANTJAY SINGHDAMODARDATTADIVYESHMADHUKARARCHAN SHARMASAKSHAMPRANAVMADHVAN JAGMOHAN MURAGANNAVARSAARUAMAR MANOHARPURABLUVBALASUBRAMANIAMMAHADEVRAJATRAMDHARIAKUL SONIRUDRANICHOLAS TESLASUBODHSANJUDIYALUCKYMUTHUADNANBILALANANDGIRINDRASIDHARTH KUMARRACHITAM [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.project39a.com/deathworthy ) [507] => Array ( [objectID] => 17475 [title] => Congratulations! There is no risk of a return to the death penalty in your country. [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/no-risk-of-a-return-to-the-death-penalty-in-your-country/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/no-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => We encourage you to keep monitoring the situation and to re-take the questionnaire should you notice new, troubling developments in your country’s approach to capital punishment. [texte] => We encourage you to keep monitoring the situation and to re-take the questionnaire should you notice new, troubling developments in your country’s approach to capital punishment.#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [508] => Array ( [objectID] => 17478 [title] => There is a moderate risk of a return to the death penalty in your country. [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moderate-risk/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/moderate-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => In this case, the Executive branch or Members of Parliament may have already called for the resumption of executions or for the legal reinstatement of the death penalty by using public opinion support for the death penalty in an attempt to boost their popularity. Civil society organizations are repressed or obstructed. The rule of law […] [texte] => In this case, the Executive branch or Members of Parliament may have already called for the resumption of executions or for the legal reinstatement of the death penalty by using public opinion support for the death penalty in an attempt to boost their popularity. Civil society organizations are repressed or obstructed. The rule of law is not always respected. However, no concrete steps have been taken to reinstate the death penalty.What you can do!Your country has not ratified any international and/or regional treaties to abolish the death penalty, so this is the first step to take to ensure your country’s abolitionist commitments are locked in place. To do so, join our campaign! Check if your country is not already a target country, then contact us to join forces.Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment” Create an informal network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty and regularly monitor the situation. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. This will be really helpful if the risk becomes higher in the future.Monitor international commitments not to reinstate the death penalty taken by your country and make sure that the Executive and the Legislative Branches are aware of it.Get in touch with international NGOs to get support and coordinate international advocacy#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [509] => Array ( [objectID] => 17480 [title] => There is a moderate risk of a return to the death penalty in your country. [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moderate-risk-sp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/moderate-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => In this case, the Executive branch or Members of Parliament may have already called for the resumption of executions or for the legal reinstatement of the death penalty by using public opinion support for the death penalty in an attempt to boost their popularity. Civil society organizations are repressed or obstructed. The rule of law […] [texte] => In this case, the Executive branch or Members of Parliament may have already called for the resumption of executions or for the legal reinstatement of the death penalty by using public opinion support for the death penalty in an attempt to boost their popularity. Civil society organizations are repressed or obstructed. The rule of law is not always respected. However, no concrete steps have been taken to reinstate the death penalty.Also, there has been a strong international commitment taken by your country not to reestablish the death penalty, as your country is a state party to an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty. In your fight to keep your country abolitionist, this is an important element to keep in mind! What you can do! Make sure that the Executive and the Legislative Branches are aware of your country’s ratification of an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty and of their obligations under international law not to reinstate the death penalty. To know more about it, check our FAQ on these treaties. Also, take note of who you can contact at the institutions responsible for these treaties and keep the information ready for use should the situation escalate.Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment” Create an informal network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty and regularly monitor the situation. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. This will be really helpful if the risk becomes higher in the future.Monitor other international commitments not to reinstate the death penalty taken by your country and make sure that the Executive and the Legislative Branches are aware of it.Get in touch with international NGOs to get support and coordinate international advocacy#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [510] => Array ( [objectID] => 17483 [title] => There is a high risk of a return to the death penalty in your country. [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/high-risk/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/hight-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => Some steps may have been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. new method of execution) or Members of Parliament (i.e. draft bill) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary […] [texte] => Some steps may have been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. new method of execution) or Members of Parliament (i.e. draft bill) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary is not always respected and the state does not always comply with its international obligations. What you can do! Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment” Work with others. Create a network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty in your country. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. Regularize discussions around the death penalty; not merely discussing the topic on the eve of executions or legislation.Identify your targets and your allies and advocate with them. They may be Members of Parliament, the National Human Rights Institution, the UN office in your country, the European delegation in your country, embassies from abolitionist countries, …Work with existing international NGO’s and institutions to map political connections in countries at risk in order to determine who may be persuaded by local actors and who is not susceptible to political pressure or at risk. Identify existing international advocacy opportunities and submit joint alternative reports to the UN.Create and disseminate information, such as narratives that abolitionist actors and supporters can use to convince advocacy targets. It may take the shape of fact sheets, websites, blogs, physical pamphlets or flyers, billboards, commercials, YouTube videos, social media live events. Example of narratives: debunk myths about the death penalty (e.g. that it is an effective deterrent to crime), highlight conditions of those on death row… You may use the example of the Maldives’ leaflet on Fair Trial Standards in the Maldives.Your country has not ratified any international and/or regional treaties to abolish the death penalty, so if you think it is relevant, join our campaign and check if your country is not already a target country, then contact us to join forces.#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [511] => Array ( [objectID] => 17489 [title] => There is a high risk of a return to the death penalty in your country [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/high-risk-sp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/hight-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => Some steps may have been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. new method of execution) or Members of Parliament (i.e. draft bill) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary […] [texte] => Some steps may have been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. new method of execution) or Members of Parliament (i.e. draft bill) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary is not always respected and the state does not always comply with its international obligations.However, there is a strong international commitment taken by your country not to reestablish the death penalty, as your country is a state party to an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty. In your fight to keep your country abolitionist, this is an important element to keep in mind!What you can do!Make sure that the Executive and the Legislative Branches are aware of your country’s ratification of an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty and of their obligations under international law not to reinstate the death penalty. To know more about it, check our FAQ on these treaties. Also, take note of who you can contact at the institutions responsible for these treaties and keep the information ready for use should the situation escalate.Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment,” Work with others. Create a network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty in your country. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. Regularize discussions around the death penalty; not merely discussing the topic on the eve of executions or legislation.Identify your targets and your allies and advocate with those. They may be Members of Parliament, the National Human Rights Institution, the UN office in your country, the European delegation in your country, embassies from abolitionist countries,…Work with existing international NGO’s and institutions to map political connections in countries at risk in order to determine who may be persuaded by local actors and who is not susceptible to political pressure or at risk. Identify existing international advocacy opportunities and submit joint alternative reports to the UN.Create and disseminate information, such as narratives that abolitionist actors and supporters can use to convince advocacy targets. It may take the shape of fact sheets, websites, blogs, physical pamphlets or flyers, billboards, commercials, YouTube videos, social media live events. Example of narratives: debunk myths about the death penalty (e.g. that it is an effective deterrent to crime), highlight conditions of those on death row… You may use the example of the Maldives’ leaflet on Fair Trial Standards in the Maldives.#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [512] => Array ( [objectID] => 17499 [title] => There is a very high risk of a return to the death penalty in your country [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/very-higt-risk-sp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/very-hight-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => Contact us, we are probably already working to prevent it and may join forces. Very serious steps may have already been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. death warrants have been signed) or Members of Parliament (i.e. a bill was passed) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups […] [texte] => Contact us, we are probably already working to prevent it and may join forces.Very serious steps may have already been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. death warrants have been signed) or Members of Parliament (i.e. a bill was passed) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary is not always respected, and the state does not always comply with its international obligations.However, there is a strong international commitment taken by your country not to reestablish the death penalty, as your country is a state party to an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty. In your fight to keep your country abolitionist, this is an important element to keep in mind!What you can do!Make sure that the Executive and the Legislative Branches are aware of your country’s ratification of an international and/or regional treaty to abolish the death penalty and of their obligations under international law not to reinstate the death penalty. To know more about it, check our FAQ on these treaties. Also, take note of who you can contact at the institutions responsible for these treaties and keep the information ready for use should the situation escalate.Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment,”Work with others. Create a network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty in your country. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. Regularize discussions around the death penalty; not merely discussing the topic on the eve of executions or legislation. Create a joint planning of regular meetings, online publications, advocacy actions. Share the burden of the work with several organizations.Identify your targets and your allies and advocate with those. They may be Members of Parliament, the National Human Rights Institution, the UN office in your country, the European delegation in your country, embassies from abolitionist countries,… Do a mapping exercise of legislators who may support you. You may use tools such as: “How to work with Parliamentarians against the Death Penalty”Work with existing international NGO’s and institutions to map political connections in countries at risk in order to determine who may be persuaded by local actors and who is not susceptible to political pressure or at risk. Identify existing international advocacy opportunities and submit joint alternative reports to the UN.Create and disseminate information, such as narratives that abolitionist actors and supporters can use to convince advocacy targets. It may take the shape of fact sheets, websites, blogs, physical pamphlets or flyers, billboards, commercials, TouTube videos, social media live events. Example of narratives: debunk myths about the death penalty (e.g. that it is an effective deterrent to crime), highlight conditions of those on death row… You may use the example of the Philippines’ leaflet “Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines”. Other examples may be found here.If it is safe, coordinate public events (seminars, forums, online events) and publications. The existing World Day Against the Death Penalty is a good example of a recurring day or event to keep the topic of abolition alive. Supporters of abolition can also make the topic remain current by creating blogs, websites, via social media--Twitter, Facebook, Instagram or by submitting publications to existing media outlets or organizations. You may consider branding the abolitionist movement by using hashtags, logos, and creating accounts for specific events or groups. You may also identify networking opportunities, especially around common events on the World Day Against the Death Penalty. The mobilization kit may provide good examples of activities to conduct.#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [513] => Array ( [objectID] => 17497 [title] => There is a very high risk of a return to the death penalty in your country. [timestamp] => 1633564800 [date] => 07/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/very-higt-risk/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/very-hight-risk-banner-500x147.jpg [extrait] => Contact us, we are probably already working to prevent it and may join forces. Very serious steps may have already been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. death warrants have been signed) or Members of Parliament (i.e. a bill was passed) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups […] [texte] => Contact us, we are probably already working to prevent it and may join forces.Very serious steps may have already been taken by the Executive branch (i.e. death warrants have been signed) or Members of Parliament (i.e. a bill was passed) for the death penalty to be reestablished and/or for executions to resume. Influential groups are supporting this move and civil society organizations are repressed or even shut down. The independence of the judiciary is not always respected, and the state does not always comply with its international obligations.What you can do!Make sure that you and your organization are safe and check our tool on “Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment,” Work with others. Create a network of local activists interested in working on the death penalty in your country. You may use safe technologies such as a Signal group or an emailing list hosted by a secure platform to coordinate your discussions. Regularize discussions around the death penalty; not merely discussing the topic on the eve of executions or legislation. Create a joint planning of regular meetings, online publications, advocacy actions. Share the burden of the work with several organizations.Identify your targets and your allies and advocate with those. They may be Members of Parliament, the National Human Rights Institution, the UN office in your country, the European delegation in your country, embassies from abolitionist countries,… Do a mapping exercise of legislators who may support you. You may use tools such as: “How to work with Parliamentarians against the Death Penalty”Work with existing international NGO’s and institutions to map political connections in countries at risk in order to determine who may be persuaded by local actors and who is not susceptible to political pressure or at risk. Identify existing international advocacy opportunities and submit joint alternative reports to the UN.Create and disseminate information, such as narratives that abolitionist actors and supporters can use to convince advocacy targets. It may take the shape of fact sheets, websites, blogs, physical pamphlets or flyers, billboards, commercials, YouTube videos, social media live events. Example of narratives: debunk myths about the death penalty (e.g. that it is an effective deterrent to crime), highlight conditions of those on death row… You may use the example of the Philippines’ leaflet “Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines”. Other examples may be found here.If it is safe, coordinate public events (seminars, forums, online events) and publications. The existing World Day Against the Death Penalty is a good example of a recurring day or event to keep the topic of abolition alive. Supporters of abolition can also make the topic remain current by creating blogs, websites, via social media--Twitter, Facebook, Instagram or by submitting publications to existing media outlets or organizations. You may consider branding the abolitionist movement by using hashtags, logos, and creating accounts for specific events or groups. You may also identify networking opportunities, especially around common events on the World Day Against the Death Penalty. The mobilization kit may provide good examples of activities to conduct.Your country has not ratified any international and/or regional treaties to abolish the death penalty, so you may also want to put that lock in your country. To do so, join our campaign! Check if your country is not already a target country, then contact us to join forces.#site-content .colonne {display:none;}#site-content .zone {padding:0;width:100%;}#site-content .zone h1.entry-title {margin: 20px auto 50px auto;}#site-content .zone .texte {margin: 0 auto;}.featured-media {text-align: center;} [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [514] => Array ( [objectID] => 18271 [title] => “No One Believed Me”: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty for Drug Offenses [timestamp] => 1633392000 [date] => 05/10/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/no-one-believed-me-a-global-overview-of-women-facing-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offenses/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “No one believed me” is a quote from Merri Utami, who was sentenced to death for drug trafficking in Indonesia in 2002. Her quote reflects the injustices faced by women accused of capital drug offenses around the world: many decision-makers disbelieve women’s plausible innocence claims or discount the effects of relationships and economic instability on women’s decisions to traffic drugs. [texte] => PrologueMerri Utami is on death row in Indonesia for drug trafficking. She maintains that she had no knowledge of the drugs she was carrying. We feature Merri’s story in greater detail in this report’s first case profile.My name is Merri Utami. Twenty years ago (this October) I was sentenced to death for a drug offense. I have spent 20 years in prison for an act I did not understand at the time. During this long imprisonment, I have suffered a lot. I still remember how the media covered my case when I was arrested and dubbed me the ‘Queen of Heroin.’ I had no chance to tell the truth. I still remember that during the police investigation stage I said repeatedly that the drugs were not mine, but no one was there to help me, and no one believed me. They tortured me, but even then I would not confess.At the moment the judges sentenced me to death, I could not control my emotions. I was terrified. After that, there were moments when I felt like I wanted to die. But my most challenging moment was when I had to convey the judge’s verdict to my family. My children would grow up without a mother, and I couldn’t bear the shame my family would have to endure due to my case. The greatest pain of all was when my son died. It was his birthday, and I wanted to call him from prison, but I didn’t have the money to pay for the call. I ended up selling water spinach, and I only managed to collect the money three days after my child’s birthday. The day I finally got to call my son, they had just buried him. My chest felt like it was smothered, because I could not run and hug his body. The yearning for my child still makes my heart shudder. His death urged me to rise above my adversity and begin to accept my situation. I learned that an imprisoned soul can still express itself. A well-grown tree can produce fruits and enlighten the mood of people who care for it. I have tried to learn to be like a tree, through singing, gardening, and helping to build a church within the prison. But at times I have been in a place of desperation. For eight months, I did not have money to buy the basic needs of a woman. I had to hoe and plant vegetables in exchange for sanitary napkins.My routine work kept my mind busy until one night, in 2016, two prison guards woke me up and told me that they were taking me to Nusakambangan, the site of executions. I looked at the cell once inhabited by the late Rani Andriani, another woman sentenced to death for drug offenses who had faced the same situation I was facing now. I was so scared. Memories of the smells, sounds, and footsteps of officers in Nusakambangan still linger in my head to this day. Ahead of my scheduled execution, I was met by my daughter who brought along my infant grandchild. It was the height of my sorrow. I tried to reassure my daughter but inside my heart ached. I wanted to live and to share my experiences, so that no other vulnerable woman would be manipulated. That night, God let me stay alive.I want the world to understand that when women are in a toxic relationship—as I was—society does not support her, but blames her for choosing the wrong man. Women are vulnerable to being manipulated by men because women feel they need protection, and most of those who provide protection are men. Even when women have been hurt over and over again, they will continue to apologize. This weakness makes women vulnerable to being tortured by men physically and mentally. I hope anyone who reads this report could take heed of these valuable lessons. I also hope that policy-makers will be wiser in assessing the deterrent effect of imprisonment. The death penalty should be abolished, because God gives people the opportunity to repent when they are at fault.I want the world to know that we, women on death row, are suffering inwardly. Women often keep their struggles to themselves, even though they are unconsciously destroying themselves. But people can, and must, learn from the experiences of women. So women must open up and tell their stories. This is our story.Merri UtamiJuly 21, 2021Cilacap Correctional InstitutionA woman sits next to a blue cross and speaks.Merri Utami inside the church she helped to build in prison. Photo courtesy of LBHM.ForewordExecutions for drug offences reached a 12-year global low in 2020, an outcome which is undermined by the steadily rising number of death sentences for drug offences being handed down by judges. Although recognised as a violation of international human rights law, the death penalty for drug offences remains a politically sensitive topic, to the point that it is a recurring theme for presidential posturing in a handful of countries around the world.This important study takes a deep dive into the experiences of women on death row for drug offences. Significantly, this report examines the issue at a time when globally, women’s incarceration rates have increased by 17% since 2010 (a disproportionally higher increase than men); with punitive drug laws as a major driver of this trend. It is estimated that approximately 35% of women in prison around the world have been convicted for drug offences. In the Middle East and Asia, drug offences are the second most common crime for which women are sentenced to death.The war on drugs narrative justifies the harshest punishments for drug-related crimes, and – as highlighted in Harm Reduction International’s global research – in 35 countries the harshest judicial punishment means the death penalty. People on death row for drug offences tend to be involved at the lowest level of the drug trade, and are generally marginalised in society. Gender, socio-economic position, ethnicity and foreign status in a country add intersectional vulnerability to this context. I note the authors’ interest in also amplifying the experiences of transgender and gender non-binary people on death row for drug offences, which was limited by the paucity of information available; and acknowledge the additional vulnerabilities of a group of individuals whose stories are largely hidden from the public.While some women engage in the drug trade through their own volition, for others, a narrower range of choices, along with poverty, coercion, violence, manipulation, and the survival needs of a family play a significant factor in their involvement. Merri Utami’s case and her campaign for clemency shows how she ended up on death row after being manipulated by people with more power and resources.However, notwithstanding the often blatant reference to gender in judicial proceedings, an analytical approach to the role of gender and connected vulnerabilities is often omitted from consideration when it comes to sentencing. The cases documented by Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide demonstrate the alarming extent to which women sentenced to death for drug offences experienced gender bias in criminal proceedings and violations of their right to a fair trial.We thank the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide for its work to shine a light on the lives of women on death row for drug offences and are committed to working together to challenge the harms of, and limitations of our archaic laws, policies and processes. We must strive for societies where it is inconceivable that our elected representatives tolerate the death penalty, or invest vast amounts of tax payer dollars in systems which sustain state violence and mass incarceration. We can only begin to address the harm done by firmly connecting our work towards abolition of the death penalty with the full decriminalisation of drugs and inclusive feminist movements.Naomi Burke-ShyneExecutive DirectorLondon, July 2021Harm Reduction InternationalExecutive SummaryThe punitiveness of the international drug control system has been largely responsible for the growth of the world’s female prison population in the last three decades. In countries that punish drug offenses with death—a violation of international law—a large majority of the women on death row were convicted of drug-related offenses. This report examines the circumstances that lead women to commit or be charged with drug offenses and the impact of gender bias on the criminal process they experience.Drug convictions account for a minority of the world’s death sentences but a majority of capital convictions in a small number of so-called ‘retentionist’ death penalty states. Capital drug laws are most entrenched in states that resist the global trend towards abolition, concentrated in Asia and the Middle East. Many of these states do not publish information on their use of capital punishment. Moreover, gender-disaggregated and gender-specific data frequently does not exist. Nevertheless, this study examines the available information, notably for countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, China, and Thailand. Our analysis reveals the following trends relating to women facing death for drug offenses:Foreign nationals are over-represented among women on death row for drug offenses. These disparities are more pronounced among the female death row population than among death-sentenced men. Many of these foreign nationals are migrant workers. For example, in Malaysia, 95% of the 129 women on death row for drug offenses in 2019 were foreign nationals.Economic insecurityThe gendered financial burden of caring for family members, especially among women with little education and without the aid of strong social support systems or access to stable work, is one of the key factors that pushes women into trafficking drugs. Courts often fail to take into account women’s economic instability and caregiving responsibilities before imposing death sentences. One woman in China, a single mother, spent the proceeds of a drug sale to care for her son, who had a disability. The court held that this fact was irrelevant. Although economic need often propels women into drug trafficking, women typically make little money from trafficking (they are often unaware of what exa [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/publication/no-one-believed-me-a-global-overview-of-women-facing-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offenses/ ) [515] => Array ( [objectID] => 17081 [title] => Recapping and video recordings of the side events of the 2021 General Assembly [timestamp] => 1632700800 [date] => 27/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/recapping-and-video-2021-general-assembly/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/general-assembly-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On June 18, 2021, on the sidelines of the General Assembly of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, several events were organized. These events were an opportunity for the members of the World Coalition to address many issues related to the fight for the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => On June 18, 2021, on the sidelines of the General Assembly of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, several events were organized. These events were an opportunity for the members of the World Coalition to address many issues related to the fight for the abolition of the death penalty. (more…) "Recapping and video recordings of the side events of the 2021 General Assembly" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles [1] => Legal Representation [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [516] => Array ( [objectID] => 18585 [title] => Yemen – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty – September 2021 [timestamp] => 1632096000 [date] => 20/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/yemen-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty-september-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Women in conflict with the law in Yemen are at risk of experiencing gender-based discrimination within the legal system and while detained. Such discrimination is particularly acute when women are at risk of being sentenced to death. For example, in Houthi-controlled parts of Yemen, women are in danger of being sentenced to death for "spying," often based primarily on the conduct of their male family members. In parts of the country controlled by the internationally recognized Government of Yemen, women accused of capital offenses are denied legal aid to mount a successful defense. And because of the mandatory nature of the death penalty for crimes such as murder, courts do not take into account an accused woman's experiences of gender-based violence that may have motivated her actions. Women are also often financially unable to gather sufficient resources to pay "blood money" to victims' families. Detention conditions for women, particularly in Houthi-controlled parts of Yemen, amount to cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment and in some cases prison authorities torture women detainees.Because of continued internal conflict in Yemen, there is limited official data regarding the number of women currently sentenced to death. For the same reason, there is only limited information regarding detention conditions of women sentenced to death. [texte] => 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Yemen’s Compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996for the 80th Session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women18 October–12 November 2021Submitted 20 September 2021The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications.The Advocates is committed to ensuring human rights protection for women around the world. The Advocates has published more than 25 reports on violence against women as a human rights issue, provided consultation and commentary of draft laws on domestic violence, and trained lawyers, police, prosecutors, judges, and other law enforcement personnel to effectively implement new and existing laws on domestic violence.In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Women in conflict with the law in Yemen are at risk of experiencing gender-based discrimination within the legal system and while detained. Such discrimination is particularly acute when women are at risk of being sentenced to death. For example, in Houthi-controlled parts of Yemen, women are in danger of being sentenced to death for “spying,” often based primarily on the conduct of their male family members. In parts of the country controlled by the internationally recognized Government of Yemen, women accused of capital offenses are denied legal aid to mount a successful defense. And because of the mandatory nature of the death penalty for crimes such as murder, courts do not take into account an accused woman’s experiences of gender-based violence that may have motivated her actions. Women are also often financially unable to gather sufficient resources to pay “blood money” to victims’ families. Detention conditions for women, particularly in Houthi-controlled parts of Yemen, amount to cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment and in some cases prison authorities torture women detainees.2. Because of continued internal conflict in Yemen, there is limited official data regarding the number of women currently sentenced to death. For the same reason, there is only limited information regarding detention conditions of women sentenced to death.Yemen fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women3. Women in conflict with the law in Yemen face multiple forms of discrimination, particularly in the context of legal proceedings in which a woman is at risk of being sentenced to death. IN Houthi-controlled areas, women are subjected to politically motivated prosecutions, unfair trials, death sentences, and brutal human rights violations in detention facilities. Yemeni authorities deny women access to qualified, experienced legal counsel in capital proceedings. Those proceedings fail to take into account a defendant’s history as a victim of gender-based violence. Women from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds may be unable to escape the death penalty by paying “blood money” to the victim’s family. I. The internationally recognized Government of Yemen fails to protect women in areas under Houthi control from politically motivated prosecutions, unfair trials,death sentences, and brutal human rights violations in detention facilities, arising primarily out of their familial relationships (List of Issues paragraph 2)4. The Committee recognized that “[t]he internationally recognized Government does not exercise effective control over parts of the territory of the State party,” and asked “how it promotes the implementation of the Convention . . . with a view to ensuring that women and girls throughout the State party, including in those areas that are under the effective control of non-State actors, are able to enjoy their rights under the Convention.”11 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, List of issues and questions in relation to the combined seventh and eighth periodic reports of Yemen, (March 11, 2020), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/YEM/Q/7-8/Rev.1, ¶ 2.35. The State Party Response to the List of Issues does not respond directly to this query, but instead calls on the international community to “shoulder its responsibility towards Yemen.” 26. According to Amnesty International, “the Huthis and their allied forces have stepped up their use of an anti-terrorism court as a way to settle political scores, often handing down death sentences on spurious accusations of espionage and ‘aiding an enemy country’ following grossly unfair trials.”3 For example, in October 2016, Houthi authorities arrested Ms. O,apparently because her husband was an al-Qai’ida suspect. According to her father, she was beaten up in his presence. She was also forced to watch other detainees being tortured. She was also wrongfully accused of engaging in an “illegitimate sex act” with a codefendant.Amnesty International characterized her trial, where she had no legal representation, as “grossly unfair.” For several months before her trial, she was barred from contacting the outside world. Her three male codefendants were released on bail months before the verdict, and she was the only defendant who remained in custody. In January 2018, a Houthi court in Sanaa sentenced her to death for spying, and she remains on death row.4 Spying carries a mandatory death sentence in Yemen.5 Amnesty International describes her prison conditions as “woefully inadequate”; she does not have access to hygiene products and her relatives are too fearful of the Houthi authorities to visit her.67. Ms. O’s case highlights a troubling trend identified by the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide in its groundbreaking 2018 report: “women who are seen as violating entrenched norms of gender behavior may be sentenced more harshly.”7 The study also observed that authorities tend to arrest, charge, and sentence women to death in conjunction with the conduct of their spouses or other family members.88. Ms. O’s case is not unique. In August 2021, a Houthi court in Sanaa sentenced two women to death on charges of aiding “the enemy” and “communicating with a hostile foreign country.”92 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Replies of Yemen to the list of issues and question in relation to its combined seventh and eighth periodic reports, (August 19, 2020), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/YEM/RQ/7-8, ¶ 1.3 Yemen: Illegal detention remains rife after five years of war, Amnesty International, Mar. 24, 2020, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/03/yemen-illegal-detention-remains-rife-after-five-years-of-war/.4 Mohammed Alragawi, Yemen: Women captives recall ordeal in Houthi prisons, Anadolu Agency, 23 Feb. 2021, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/yemen-women-captives-recall-ordeal-in-houthi-prisons/21538065 Yemen: Illegal detention remains rife after five years of war, Amnesty International, Mar. 24, 2020, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/03/yemen-illegal-detention-remains-rife-after-five-years-of-war/.6 Young Yemeni woman on death row suffers the wrath of the Huthis’ ‘psychological war’ on opponents, Amnesty International, Apr. 13, 2018, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/04/young-yemeni-woman-on-death-rowsuffers-the-wrath-of-the-huthis-psychological-war-on-opponents/.7Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Sept. 2018, at 6, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/12/Judged-More-Than-Her-Crime.pdf.8Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Sept. 2018, at 8, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/12/Judged-More-Than-Her-Crime.pdf.9Ismaeel Naar, Houthi court sentences 11 Yemenis to death, including two women and a professor, Al Arabiya News, Aug. 28, 2021, https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2021/08/28/Houthi-court-sentences-11-Yemenis-todeath-including-two-women-and-a-professor.49. Civil society organizations have documented human rights violations against women in detention facilities controlled by Houthi militias.10 Civil society organizations report extensive human rights violations against women in Houthi-controlled detention facilities.11 Activists say that reports of rape and other forms of sexua [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/AHR-Yemen-DP-CEDAW-2.pdf ) [517] => Array ( [objectID] => 18577 [title] => The Maldives – Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women – Death Penalty – September 2021 [timestamp] => 1632096000 [date] => 20/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-maldives-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women-death-penalty-september-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Maldives' continued use of the death penalty undermines government efforts and commitments to end gender-based discrimination. The death penalty invites discriminatory sentences against women for adultery and other crimes of sexual immorality, as well as for acting as accomplices to murder committed by male counterparts. Capital punishment promotes negative stereotypes about women and reinforces discriminatory gender roles. The possibility of facing the death penalty also discourages human rights defenders from civic engagement on a number of human rights issues, including women's human rights. [texte] => 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org The Maldives’ Compliance with Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: The Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996for the 80th Session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women18 October 2021–12 November 2021Submitted 20 September 2021The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. The Advocates is committed to ensuring human rights protection for women around the world. The Advocates has published more than 25 reports on violence against women as a human rights issue, provided consultation and commentary of draft laws on domestic violence, and trained lawyers, police, prosecutors, judges, and other law enforcement personnel to effectively implement new and existing laws on domestic violence.In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. The Maldives’ continued use of the death penalty undermines government efforts and commitments to end gender-based discrimination. The death penalty invites discriminatory sentences against women for adultery and other crimes of sexual immorality, as well as for acting as accomplices to murder committed by male counterparts. Capital punishment promotes negative stereotypes about women and reinforces discriminatory gender roles. The possibility of facing the death penalty also discourages human rights defenders from civic engagement on a number of human rights issues, including women’s human rights. The Maldives fails to uphold its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against WomenI. The Maldives Government’s retention of the death penalty invites discriminatory sentences against women for adultery (List of Issues paragraph 8)2. The Committee requested information about measures taken by the State Party to abolish harsh penalties, including the penalties of flogging, applied to women convicted of adultery and fornication outside of marriage.1 The Maldives prohibits sexual relations outside of marriage2; women convicted of adultery are usually sentenced to flogging.33. Article 17(a) of the 2008 Constitution of the Republic of Maldives prohibits gender-based discrimination.4 The State Party in its reply to the List of Issues outlined that Law Number 18/2016 promotes the prevention of discrimination based on gender and the prevention of all ideas and practices which promote discrimination or prevent women from enjoying equal human and fundamental rights with men.54. By sentencing women to death for sexual offenses, the Maldives contravenes its own Constitution and Gender Equality Act. Women have received death sentences for adultery.6In2014, a lower court sentenced a women convicted of adultery to death by stoning. She had admitted to the crime of adultery after giving birth on the equatorial islet of Gemanafushi. The Supreme Court later annulled the sentence.7In a 2019 case, the Naifaru magistrate court 1 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. List of issues and questions in relation to the sixth periodic report of Maldives, due in 2019, (18 Nov. 2019) U. N. Doc. CEDAW/C/MDV/Q/6, ¶ 8.2 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Sixth periodic report submitted by Maldives under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2019, (28 Oct. 2019), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/MDV/6, ¶ 98.3 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Sixth periodic report submitted by Maldives under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2019, (28 Oct. 2019), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/MDV/6, ¶ 134.4 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Sixth periodic report submitted by Maldives under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2019, (28 Oct. 2019), U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/MDV/6, ¶ 19.5 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Replies of Maldives to the list of issues and questions in relation to its sixth periodic report, due in 2019, (20 Aug. 2020), CEDAW/C/MDV/RQ/6, ¶3.6 Uthema. NGO Shadow Report to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Uthema-MV-Shadow-Report, 4 May 2020, ¶ 46. 7 Hidden Author. Maldives woman convicted for adultery wins reprieve from death by stoning. First Post. 19 Oct. 2015. https://www.firstpost.com/world/maldives-woman-convicted-for-adultery-wins-reprieve-from-death-bystoning-2473822.html3sentenced a woman to death for fornication outside of marriage.8 Health workers had reported the case to the police after delivering the woman’s child, believing the child was conceived as a result of an unlawful sexual relation. The sentence did not mention the male partner.5. The Penal Code and related laws do not stipulate that death is an acceptable sentence for adultery or fornication, yet courts nonetheless sentence women to death for adultery and fornication. The death penalty is an available penalty for many types of offenses under the Penal Code of the Maldives and the Prevention of Terrorism Act of 1990, including murder, treason (including causing harm to the President of Maldives in contravention of the Sharia or law or committing acts detrimental to the government, sovereignty or territory)9and certain terrorism acts that cause death.10A death sentence can be carried out either by lethal injection11or hanging.126. These cases demonstrate that women are more likely than men to face the death penalty for adultery or unlawful fornication, even when a man was involved with the same unlawful act. Unequal sentencing for women and men in cases of adultery reflects a common pattern. The Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide reports that, “In some Shariah jurisdictions, offenses against sexual morality, or zina, appear gender-neutral on their face, but in practice are applied in a discriminatory manner against women.”13 While, overall, women may be sentenced to death at lower rates than men, courts sentence women to death at higher rates for adultery.147. The use of the death penalty to punish women for perceived sexual immorality further promotes harmful gender stereotypes. Women often receive harsher sentences when perceived to be deviating from gender roles such as the peaceful caregiver or dutiful wife and embodying negative gender stereotypes such as the “femme fatale” who seduces men.15 Disproportionate sentencing for women convicted of adultery reflects this pattern, in which courts invoke the death penalty to punish women for being perceived to reject gender roles and embody deviant gender stereotypes.8 Maldives: Naifaru court sentences woman in absentia to death by stoning. Hands Off Cain. 08 January 2019.http://www.handsoffcain.info/notizia/maldives-naifaru-court-sentences-woman-in-absentia-to-death-by-stoning40300121.9 Maldives Penal Code, arts. 36-37, Law No. 1/81 (Jan. 1, 1967).10 Maldives Prevention of Terrorism Act, art. 6(a), Law No. 10 of 1990 (Dec. 9, 1990).11 Muizzu Ibrahim, “Maldives to use lethal injection for execution,” Haveeru, Jan. 23, 2014, http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/53390.12 Amnesty International, Maldives: Halt Plans to Carry Out First Execution in More than Six Decades, ASA 29/4364/2016, June 30, 2016.13 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty (Sept. 2018), at 13, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/12/Judged-More-Than-Her-Crime.pdf.14 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty (Sept. 2018), at 11, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/12/Judged-More-Than-Her-Crime.pdf.15 Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty (Sept. 2018), at 6, https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/12/Judged-More-Than-Her-Crime.pdf.48. Moreover, the possibility of facing a death sentence, or an otherwise harsh sentence, for adultery discourages women from reporting sexual assault.16II. The Maldives’ retention of the death penalty for murder has a discriminatory effect on women (List of Issues paragraphs 4 and 8)9. The Committee requested information regarding access to justice17 and measures taken to combat gender ste [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/AHR-The-Maldives-DP-CEDAW-.pdf ) [518] => Array ( [objectID] => 18341 [title] => Report of the Secretary General: Question of the death penalty 2021 (A/HRC/48/29) [timestamp] => 1631664000 [date] => 15/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/united-nations-report-death-penalty-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to decision 18/117 and resolution 42/24 of the Human Rights Council. The report focuses on consequences arising from the lack of transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty on the enjoyment of human rights. [texte] => A/HRC/48/29Advance Unedited VersionDistr.: General15 September 2021Original: EnglishHuman Rights CouncilForty eighth session13 September–1 October 2021Agenda items 2 and 3Annual report of the United Nations High Commissionerfor Human Rights and reports of the Office of theHigh Commissioner and the Secretary-GeneralPromotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to developmentQuestion of the death penalty*Report of the Secretary GeneralSummaryThe present report is submitted pursuant to decision 18/117 and resolution 42/24 of the Human Rights Council. The report focuses on consequences arising from the lack of transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty on the enjoyment of human rights. I.Introduction1.The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117 and resolution 42/24. In resolution 42/24, the Human Rights Council requested the Secretary-General to dedicate the 2021 supplement to his quinquennial report on capital punishment to the consequences arising at various stages of the imposition and application of the death penalty on the enjoyment of the human rights of persons facing the death penalty and other affected persons, paying specific attention to the consequences of the lack of transparency in the application and imposition of death penalty. 2.In preparing this report, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, on behalf of the Secretary-General, sought contributions from Member States; international and regional organizations; national human rights institutions; and non-governmental organizations. The report also draws on a range of materials, including the work of United Nations human rights mechanisms and other public sources, including outside scholars, practitioners and civil society organizations. 3.This report focuses on consequences of the lack of transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty on the enjoyment of human rights, and also includes information on the recent developments towards the abolition of the death penalty. It further examines international legal aspects of transparency and discusses practices and challenges at the national level in ensuring such transparency. The issue of transparency has previously been raised by the Secretary-General in his recent reports on the death penalty to the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the Human Rights Council. II.Recent developments towards abolition of the death penalty4.In December 2020, an increased number of States voted for the adoption of the 8th General Assembly resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. Since the September 2020 report of the Secretary-General to the Human Rights Council on the question of the death penalty, the Parliament of Sierra Leone has reportedly passed legislation abolishing the death penalty; and Kazakhstan abolished the death penalty for all crimes and signed the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). 5.Furthermore, Amnesty International’s 2020 annual report on the global use of the death penalty noted a significant decrease in the number of known executions compared to 2019. According to Amnesty International, the number of executions has been continuously decreasing since 2015 and, in 2020, it reached the lowest figure in more than 10 years. However, the organization cautioned that “its figures were only minimum known ones - as several countries either conceal their death penalty data or provide only limited information”. III.Transparency and the death penalty: legal frameworks and national practices6.Under international human rights law, pending abolition, States that still impose or apply the death penalty should comply with international human rights standards. In particular, in States that have not abolished the death penalty, capital punishment may only be imposed for the “most serious crimes”, which has been considered by the UN Human Rights Committee to be limited to intentional killing. They should also fully adhere to fair trial and due process guarantees in capital punishment 7.The United Nations system has over many years underlined the importance of the public availability of information on the death penalty. In 1989, the Economic and Social Council set out the minimum requirements of such transparency when, in paragraph 5 of its resolution 1989/64, it called upon all Member States: “To publish, for each category of offence for which the death penalty is authorized, and if possible on an annual basis, information about the use of the death penalty, including the number of persons sentenced to death, the number of executions actually carried out, the number of persons under sentence of death, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted on appeal and the number of instances in which clemency has been granted, and to include information on the extent to which the safeguards referred to above are incorporated in national law.” 8.The Economic and Social Council has requested that the Secretary-General conduct a survey of Member States at five-year intervals since 1973. The response rate has been low, leading the Council to request the Secretary-General to “draw on all available data” in future reports, rather than relying solely on Government responses. The Secretary-General’s most recent report shows that retentionist countries have been least likely to respond to these surveys. 9.In resolutions on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, the General Assembly has also called upon all States that maintained the death penalty to provide the Secretary-General with information relating to the use of capital punishment and to make that information publicly available so that informed national and international debates, including on the obligations of States pertaining to the use of the death penalty are possible . In its, the Human Rights Council further recalled that secret executions or those with short or no prior warning added to the suffering of the persons sentenced to death, as well as of other affected persons, and called upon States to ensure that children whose parents or parental caregivers were on death row, the inmates themselves, their families and their legal representatives were provided, in advance, with adequate information about a pending execution, its date, time and location, to allow a last visit or communication with the convicted person, the return of the body to the family for burial or to inform on where the body was located, unless this was not in the best interests of the child.10.In their contributions to this report, several States expressed concerns regarding the lack of transparency. Australia was firmly of the opinion that lack of transparency in the use of the death penalty had direct consequences for the human rights of persons facing the death penalty as well as for other affected persons. Australia viewed that transparency was a prerequisite to assess whether the death penalty was being carried out in compliance with international human rights law. Without transparency, it is not possible to ensure that those in detention awaiting execution are being treated humanely and afforded appropriate legal and procedural protections in accordance with international human rights law. Australia strongly urged countries that retain the death penalty, inter alia, to increase transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty. 11.Italy observed that several countries did not issue official statistics on capital punishment, and as such, was of the view that the number of executions was likely to be much higher. Italy noted that in some countries, the death penalty was considered a State secret and reports of executions, upon which the execution totals were based, came to light through local media, independent sources or relatives, sometimes long after the fact, and represented only a fraction of the total of executions carried out nationwide. Other States divulged news of executions after they had taken place, while relatives, lawyers and the condemned people themselves were kept in the dark before the actual executions took place. In Italy’s view, this framework pointed to the fact that the fight against capital punishment entailed, beyond the stopping of executions, a battle for transparency of information concerning capital punishment, respecting human rights of the condemned persons and their families. 12.Switzerland stated that the commitment against the death penalty was a priority for its foreign policy, and that it was determined to play a leading role in the global movement for the universal abolition of the death penalty. It also remained concerned about the consequences of the lack of transparency in the application of the death penalty for convicts and their families. 13.Trinidad and Tobago reported that the death penalty existed under its domestic laws and provided information regarding legal provisions on the imposition of the death penalty in the country. 14. Some legal systems have made special provisions for minimizing consequences for relatives of persons sentenced to death. For example, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights reported that in Guyana, information and updates in the death penalty cases were provided by the Guyana Prison Service, but how often the information had been shared was not known. In 2015, the Law Commission of India also noted the requirement of transparency in providing information regarding the death penalty. While the Indian National Crime Records Bureau published its Prison Statistics Report annually, it only contained information on the number of prisoners on death row and provides no further details. In Pakistan, the Federal Ombudsman submitted information on the death row population in a report on jail conditions to the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session48/Documents/A_HRC_48_29_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx ) [519] => Array ( [objectID] => 17402 [title] => Addressing the Gender Dimension of the Death Penalty: Coaction Between Parliamentarians and Civil Society [timestamp] => 1631232000 [date] => 10/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/addressing-the-gender-dimension-of-the-death-penalty-coaction-between-parliamentarians-and-civil-society/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Created on the occasion of the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty (10/10/21), this tool’s aim is to provide practical advice and concrete suggestions to civil society organizations who wish/ are already collaborating with parliamentarians to end the death penalty and bring attention to women sentenced to death. [texte] => Created on the occasion of the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty (10/10/21), this tool's aim is to provide practical advice and concrete suggestions to civil society organizations who wish/ are already collaborating with parliamentarians to end the death penalty and bring attention to women sentenced to death.1.Introduction: Gender-based discrimination at the core of the imposition of the death penaltyDespite the fact that women only represent about 5% of all death row inmates, it is essential to take measures to guarantee that women do not face gender discrimination in the application of the death penalty and that they are provided with a fair treatment in full respect of international human rights.Women serving death sentences are at risk of being sexually harassed by male prison guards and do not have access to adequate healthcare and sanitary hygiene products. Most women sentenced to the death penalty are facing socio-economic precarity, have a history of being harassed, physical and sexual abuse , and are isolated in situations they cannot escape, including in the context of domestic, intimate and/or sexual violence. Women offenders often find themselves without the resources to have adequate legal representation, or without the knowledge to access the legal aid, may not fully understand the legal system, and may not have the appropriate support network. The reasons which place women offenders on death row are often deeply rooted in gender-based discrimination and fit within a broader, and tolerated, pattern of violence against women. Women are judged not only on the basis of their crime, but also for having betrayed traditional gender roles. Consequently, the consideration of their sentences tends to be contingent on their conformity with their assigned roles in society. This leads to a huge inconsistency in the imposition of death penalties on women, particularly in how intersecting forms of discrimination impact women in the judicial system. For instance:oIn the United States (US) State of Oklahoma, Wanda Jean Allen, was black, gay and had cognitive deficiencies and was executed in 2001 for murdering her longtime girlfriend,. The prosecutor in Allen's case ‘argued very clearly that she shouldn't be treated as a woman because she was a lesbian and she was “the male” in the relationship.""’oIn Indonesia, there is a case of a mother convicted of murdering her 8-year-old daughter with a male co-defendant, with whom she had an affair. The daughter had been subjected to numerous rapes by the male co- defendant while her father, the defendant’s husband, was at work. During the trial, the situation was presented as an adulterous affair, presenting the defendant as a cheating mother who allowed her lover to rape her daughter and ultimately helped him kill her. She never had a chance to present the exculpatory evidence because she was denied proper legal representation. The stigma associated with her alleged offense has resulted in her not having received any family visit, nor any financial support. Women are more often sentenced to the death penalty for charges which are deeply entrenched in patriarchal norms, including for adultery and which do not meet the threshold of “the most serious crimes” , including drug- related offences. In addition, women sentenced to death will often be accused of murder or manslaughter in the context of prolonged domestic, intimate and/or sexual abuse. This stems from the omission to consider a history of domestic or sexual abuse as a mitigating factor by most legislations or placing hard- to-prove legal requirements for the “self-defense” claim to be effective. 2.What can Parliamentarians do to address Women and the Death Penalty? Parliamentarians, in their roles as the lawmakers, are the ones best placed to promote gender equality in all areas of their work and propose gender-sensitive legislation. Lobbying or advocating with parliamentarians is a concrete step towards changing country or regional policy. The death penalty in many countries is provided for in law, the constitution and/or in a country’s penal code. As such, in retentionist countries, it is up to parliamentarians to address, modify and eliminate the legislation to pave the way towards abolition. Researching the constitution of the country (or statute or founding treaty for regional organizations), as well as the Parliament’s rules of procedure, is a crucial first step. For example, it is essential to know whether parliamentarians can introduce private members’ bills on any topic (often, it can only be the case for bills that have no budgetary implications), or whether they can vote to ratify an international agreement. Being able to give clear and concrete examples of actions parliamentarians can take to further the abolitionist movement is key to mobilizing members of parliament (MPs) to take such steps. In addition, it may also be the case that MPs themselves are not aware of some of the prerogatives they hold or actions they can take, especially in fragile democracies or non-democratic systems, where MPs may not have had much occasion to exercise initiative or oversight. A.Address gender-based discriminationAs the first step, the Parliamentarians can address gender-related discrimination, by:1.Ensuring that their legal framework is gender-sensitive and does not perpetuate gender-based discrimination affecting women sentenced to the death penalty.2.Propose protective measures, rather than coercive ones, to individuals who are constrained into drug trade and other drug-related crimes. Such measures could include a court order to undertake awareness courses, counselling, therapy, treatment, rehabilitation, social integration, or educative seminars. 3.Overcoming gender-biases in judicial institutions, encourage and implement mandatory training programmes for judges that are gender sensitive, which consider the vulnerability of women and girls, and increase their awareness of crimes committed in the context of domestic, intimate and/or sexual violence. 4.Bringing a case of a woman who has been sentenced to death to a parliamentarian to highlight the ongoing violations against women in the judicial system. Parliamentarians can use such example in their anti- death penalty efforts, as for instance, in the USA sending a letter to President Biden, urging his support for the legislation to abolish the death penalty and to commute the death sentences of all 49 people remaining on federal death row, Members of Congress highlighted the case of Lisa Montgomery- a woman who was executed in January 2021 despite suffering from mental illness and having been subjected to physical, emotional and sexual abuse as a child- as an example of the intolerable injustice engendered by the federal death penalty.5.Promoting gender equality in access to justice, including through the development of mentoring programmes addressed to legal professional.6.Amending or adapting the law to allow offender to present evidence of history of abuse before the court and ensure that the law explicitly allows judges to consider prolonged intimate, domestic and/or sexual violence as a mitigating factor or partial/full defence (for example, it can be used to establish self defence, provocation, temporary insanity or any other defence). This has to be coupled with effective measures and awareness to ensure that such defence is taken into consideration properly. 7.Proposing a budget to support the collection of sex-disaggregated data on women and men to increase the understanding of the disproportionate impact the capital offence has on migrant women and women coming from socio-economic precarity. 8.Removing or amending all discriminatory laws which foster gender-based discrimination, including divorce act prohibiting women to get a divorce, even in the context of domestic, intimate and/or sexual violence, or criminal laws tolerating physical violence against women and girls when committed by their husbands, brothers, fathers or other “figures of authority”. 9.Creating a national commission or ombudsperson to ensure that prison facilities are safe for women and offer healthcare services that are appropriate for women, including hygiene products. 10.Ensuring that women have access to free and legal counsel as well as to interpretation services.11.Encouraging Parliamentarians who visit prisons to meet and talk with women sentenced to death to verify that the prison conditions are in line with international human rights. B.Act towards the full abolition and human rights complianceAs for the death penalty in general, Parliamentarians can:1.Introduce a Bill to remove the death penalty for all offences, but importantly, the offences which do not amount to “intentional killing”, including adultery, or drug-related offences. This can be done through (i) a clause in the national constitution guaranteeing the right to life in absolute terms; (ii) legislation proscribing the death penalty as a permissible sanction; or (iii) subscribing to regional and international human rights instruments requiring the abolition of the death penalty and afterwards aligning municipal law to those instruments. 2.Ask their governments to establish an immediate moratorium on the use of the death penalty.3.Remove from national law any death penalty provisions which are in breach of international human rights hard or soft law, such as:oits mandatory imposition to all crimes ;oits imposition for crimes which do not meet the threshold of “most serious crimes” ;oits imposition for crimes committed by persons below 18 years , the application of the death penalty on pregnant or nursing women , or people with mental or intellectual disabilities , or the elderly. 4.Encourage ratification, without reservations, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and its Second Optional Protocol, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty;5.Ensure that trials f [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Parliamentarians-Tool-WD2021.pdf ) [520] => Array ( [objectID] => 17383 [title] => World Coalition elects new Steering Committee and Executive Board for two years [timestamp] => 1631232000 [date] => 10/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-elects-new-steering-committee-and-executive-board-for-two-years/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty held its first 100% virtual General Assembly on 18 June 2021 to elect its new Steering Committee. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty held its first 100% virtual General Assembly on 18 June 2021 to elect its new Steering Committee. (more…) "World Coalition elects new Steering Committee and Executive Board for two years" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [521] => Array ( [objectID] => 17304 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2021! [timestamp] => 1631232000 [date] => 10/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/19-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-events-map-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Take action now! The 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. [texte] => Take action now!The 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. (more…) "Take Action for World Day 2021!" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [522] => Array ( [objectID] => 17266 [title] => Bylaws 2021 [timestamp] => 1631145600 [date] => 09/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bylaws-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bylaws of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty As Amended by the 18 June 2021 General Assembly [texte] => Bylaws of the World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyAs Amended by the 18 June 2021 General Assembly Bylaws of the World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyAs Amended by the 18 June 2021 General Assembly An association is created, governed by the French law of 1st July 1901 and the decree of 16th August 1901 and having the following bylaws:PreambleThe signatories of the Final Declaration of the 1st World Congress Against the Death Penalty, held in Strasbourg on 21-23 June 2001, pledged to “create a worldwide coordination of abolitionist associations and campaigners” (§9 of the Declaration). In conformity with this commitment, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty was created in Rome, Italy, on 13 May 2002.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its member organisations share the common objective of universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty subscribes to the principles of equality, diversity and inclusiveness as well as the rule of law, human rights, and the Sustainable Development Goals.ARTICLE 1: NAME The name of the association is “World Coalition against the Death Penalty” (hereinafter: “the Coalition”), in French “Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort”. ARTICLE 2: REGISTERED OFFICEThe registered address for the Coalition is Mundo M 47 avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, France.The registered address may be amended as appropriate, upon decision by the Steering Committee. ARTICLE 3: PURPOSE3.1. The goal of the Coalition is the universal abolition of the death penalty. To this end, the Coalition is dedicated to bringing together private, public, international, national, local and regional organisations to share in this objective. 3.2. In particular, the objectives of the Coalition consist of strengthening international action in the fight against the death penalty; in leading and coordinating action at an international level, particularly lobbying activities, to complement the actions that its members are carrying out; in bringing together new abolitionists, and in putting more pressure on those countries that keep capital punishment in their legislation. The Coalition also aims to create a network of abolitionist players and to support them. 3.3. The role of the Coalition is to complement the actions of its members, who remain entirely independent. As a priority, the Coalition acts at an international level. 3.4. The purpose of the World Coalition is to promote the universal abolition of the death penalty through all available means.ARTICLE 4: GENERAL RULES 4.1. At all levels of the Coalition, decisions shall be made by vote of a majority of two thirds of the members present or represented.4.2. Any governing body of the Coalition that has elected or appointed a person may relieve him/her of his or her role provided that s/he is given a chance to explain him/herself beforehand. ARTICLE 5: MEMBERSHIP5.1. Membership is open to all organisations and corporations, public or private, international, national, local or regional, who are committed to the fight against the death penalty, including local governments, trade unions, bar associations and human rights organisations.5.2. Every organisation that subscribes to the objective of universal abolition of the death penalty, and wishes to join the Coalition, should address a written request to the Secretariat, presenting the organisation, and indicating the ways in which it is currently taking, or planning to take, abolitionist action. The organisation should also address to the Secretariat a signed copy of the Intention Statement of the Coalition.5.3. Membership requests shall be submitted for examination and decision to the Steering Committee. ARTICLE 6: DE-REGISTRATION Membership status is lost through:-resignation by notification of the decision to the Executive Board of the Coalition;-de-registration determined by the General Assembly after serious violation of the current Statutes, of the Intention Statement of the Coalition or, if relevant, of the Rules of Procedure.-Non-payment of the membership fees, according to the terms established in the Rules of Procedure.ARTICLE 7: GENERAL ASSEMBLY 7.1. The General Assembly is comprised of all the members of the Coalition. It meets once every two years. It is convened by the President of the Coalition by any existing means of communication. Its agenda is fixed by the Steering Committee.If there is a need, or at the request of two thirds of the members, the President of the Coalition shall convene a special General Assembly.7.2. The General Assembly elects the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee is elected for twoyears. The General Assembly determines and adopts the general strategy of the Coalition. In the years in which the General Assembly meets, it also adopts the activity report and the financial report which are presented by the Steering Committee. 7.3. Each member has one vote. A member of the Coalition can be represented with a written proxy by another member of the Coalition at the General Assembly. A member can represent a maximum of two other members by proxy.7.4. The right to vote at the General Assembly will be reserved for those members who are up to date with their membership fees or for those who have been exempted.ARTICLE 8: STEERING COMMITTEE8.1. The Steering Committee is in charge of implementing the strategy defined by the General Assembly. 8.2. The Steering Committee is made up of twenty-five members of the World Coalition, elected by the General Assembly, including if at all possible one local government, one trade union, one bar association and one human rights organisation. If the number of candidates is not sufficient to fill the 25 positions, the Steering Committee will work with the number of elected members. The composition of the Steering Committee must also endeavor to ensure a balanced geographical representation. Each member organisation of the Steering Committee must designate an individual to be its permanent representative, who can be replaced by the organization at any time.8.3. The Steering Committee meets at least once a quarter and is convened by the President of the Coalition. It deliberates on all propositions from any member of the Steering Committee or from ten or more members of the Coalition. A member of the Steering Committee can be represented by another member with a written proxy. A member of the Steering Committee cannot represent more than two other members by proxy.8.4 In the years in which the General Assembly does not meet, the Steering Committee is responsible for the adoption of the activity report and the financial report.8.5. The Steering Committee elects the Executive Board from amongst the candidates presented by its members. 8.6. The Steering Committee must send the minutes of each of its meetings to all members of the Coalition. 8.7. The members of the Steering Committee can represent the Coalition publicly, but can only express themselves on behalf of the Coalition on specific matters that have been approved by the General Assembly or the Steering Committee.8.8. The Steering Committee or the General Assembly can put working groups in place for specific projects that will be coordinated by a member of the Coalition. The Steering Committee can appoint a permanent working group to help the Executive Board in its assignments. If relevant, the means of designation and operation, and the powers of the different working groups, will be provided for in the rules of procedure or in the minutes of the Steering Committee or General Assembly meetings which created them. ARTICLE 9: EXECUTIVE BOARD9.1. The Executive Board, under the delegation of the Steering Committee, has the responsibility for the general control, management, governance and legal issues concerning the non-profit organisation. The Executive Board implements the decisions of the Steering Committee. 9.2. The Executive Board comprises five members of the Steering Committee - a president, a treasurer and three vice-presidents. The Executive Board is elected by the Steering Committee for a term of two years and each Executive Board member can be re-elected for a maximum of three consecutive terms. If the number of candidates is not sufficient to fill the five posts, the Executive Board will work with the number of members elected. The members of the Executive Board are individuals and not organisations but they must be linked to a member organisation of the Steering Committee.9.3. The Executive Board’s mandate will begin at the same time as the mandate of the Steering Committee. The Executive Board meets at least once a quarter before each Steering Committee meeting and is convened by the President of the Coalition. 9.4. The Executive Board must send the minutes of each of its meetings to the Steering Committee, using any usual means of communication. 9.5. The members of the Executive Board can represent the Coalition publicly, but can only express themselves on behalf of the Coalition on specific matters that have been approved by the General Assembly or the Steering Committee.9.6 In the event that a member of the Executive Board resigns or is permanently unable to fulfill his or her duties, the President shall inform the Steering Committee, which at its next meeting, will elect a new member of the Executive Board in accordance with the provisions set out in Articles 8.5 and 9.2 ARTICLE 10: PRESIDENT10.1. The President represents the Coalition legally for acts of civil life and may take part in court proceedings on behalf of the Coalition, both in defense and in prosecution, with the provision, in the case of prosecution of a case at law, that s/he seeks prior authorization of the Steering Committee.10.2 The President must send the preparatory documents for the meetings of the General Assembly to all members of the Coalition one month in advance, using any usual means of communication.10.3. The President has the authority, wh [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/EN-WCADP_Status2021_v2.0.pdf ) [523] => Array ( [objectID] => 17255 [title] => 2020 Activity Report [timestamp] => 1631145600 [date] => 09/09/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2020-activity-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Activity Report of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty for 2020, as adopted by its General Assembly on 18 June 2021 [texte] => Activity Report of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty for 2020, as adopted by its General Assembly on 18 June 2021I - Introduction by the PresidentDuring the past 6 years I have had the privilege of working from the Executive Board (EB) for the welfare of the Coalition and its member organizations. The last 4 years in the presidency, with the support of the Steering Committee. Along with me, the treasurer, Guillaume Colin, also reaches the maximum of three consecutive terms that we can serve at the EB; I am deeply grateful to Guillaume for those years of excellent service.Universal abolition of the death penalty does not come alone; it is driven by the efforts of thousands of activists. Reviewing this period, one realizes the importance of teamwork and the incalculable value of our network, which naturally carries the coordination of efforts, mutual support and partnership.When I started on the EB, we were working on a 5 year strategic plan that we have been able to see being implemented, with serious difficulties -primarily due to COVID-19-, but with great determination. Like any organization, we have experienced “growing pains”, we have not been perfect. But I can assure you that, on our way to our 20th anniversary, our struggle today is in a better position, more coordinated, mature, better informed, stronger, more integrated; and in addition to the important work at international organizations, the academia and justice courts, we have taken into account the battles of those who work and fight in every corner of the planet.Since assuming the presidency, our Coalition has added about 15 organizations to join us in our work. In numbers, there are 3 new abolitionist countries for all crimes, 3 more countries that are abolitionist in practice and 5 states in the United States that abolished capital punishment, in addition to the moratorium on executions in California, which had the biggest death row in that country. We have added, on balance, 6 votes in the UN in favor of the Resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, in a world that seems to become more polarized on this issue, and on other human rights matters. Several countries also reduced the scope of crimes for which they apply the death penalty.And, while the trends towards victory is clear, we have faced enormous challenges, such as countries at risk of returning to execute, in particular I will mention the Philippines. We also suffered the spate of federal executions in the United States in the last 6 months of the Trump administration, but on the other hand they elected -for the first time- a president who pledged to abolish the federal death penalty in his campaign. It was with enormous disappointment that we watched the political prosecutions and large number of executions in Egypt; among other drawbacks that we collectively challenged. On top of it, this pandemic has changed everyone’s plans, including ours. Missions in many countries needed to be cancelled, others have just been postponed.Above all that, during this time we have had the opportunity to develop partnerships with several member organizations, providing them with greater visibility and institutional support, while enhancing their ability to receive funding for specific abolitionist projects. We have also supported work (such as the survey in Iran or the stories of women and the death penalty with Cornell University), and joined with ECPM to co-sponsor a World Congress. We have also entered into agreements with private companies to receive pro-bono work from their lawyers and develop projects that will be of great benefit to the Coalition and to our collective cause. Finally, although I am sure I have missed several items, I would like to highlight the launch of our new website worldcoalition.org.From Puerto Rico, a Caribbean and Latin American country, we embrace the universal abolition cause as human rights cause; we renew our vows of solidarity and commitment to fight for a more equitable, fairer societies and for better justice systems which transform the Peoples. Until abolition! Jusqu’à l’abolition! Kevin Miguel Rivera Medina, President (II - Objectives, Results, 2020 Indicators and Target CountriesA.SECURING ABOLITION1)Abolition of the death penalty Indicator for 2020: at least 1 country abolishes the death penalty Target countries: Belarus, Central African Republic, Chad, Cuba, Dominica, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Niger, Liberia, Malaysia, Russia, Saint Lucia, Tajikistan, Uganda, 3 US states, Zambia, ZimbabweResults: Chad abolished the death penalty for all crimes, including terrorism, in April 2020.The State of Colorado in the USA abolished the death penalty on 23 March 2020.2)Ratification of abolitionist treatiesIndicator for 2020: 2 new countries ratify Target countries: Armenia, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Congo (Republic of), Cote d’Ivoire, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Samoa, SurinamePriority Countries: Guinea and Cote d’IvoireResults: Kazakhstan signed OP2-ICCPR on 23 September 2020. On 29 December 2020, the Senate of Kazakhstan passed a Law for its ratification, but the instruments or ratification were yet to be deposited with the UN Secretary General.3)Preventing the reintroduction of the death penaltyIndicator for 2020: no country reintroduces the death penalty Target countries: Mongolia, Philippines, Turkey, US StatesResult: No country reintroduced the death penalty in 20204)Preventing the reintroduction of the death penalty in abolitionist countries for ordinary crimes onlyIndicator for 2020: no country reintroduces the death penalty Target countries: Brazil, Israel, PeruResult: No country reintroduced the death penalty in 2020B.PROMOTING MORATORIA ON EXECUTIONS IN VIEW OF FULL ABOLITION5)Contributing to the worldwide moratorium on executionsIndicator for 2020: 122 countries vote in favor of the moratorium resolution Target countries: Congo, DRC, Guinea, KenyaResult: 123 countries voted in favor of the moratorium resolution, including Congo and Guinea 6)Encouraging official moratoriumIndicator for 2020: 1 country officially declares a moratorium on executions Target countries: Belarus, the State of California in the USA, DRC, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, TaiwanResult: Malaysia and the State of California in the US continued to observe official moratoriums on executions in 2020. 7)Preventing resumption of executionsIndicator for 2020: no abolitionist in practice countries resume executionsTarget countries: Cameroon, Chad, Liberia, Maldives, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, TunisiaResults: no target abolitionist in practice country resumed executions in 2020 C.LIMITING THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY8)Reducing the scope of the death penaltyIndicator: at least 1 country reduces the scope of the death penalty in 2020Target countries: Antigua and Barbuda, China, Dominica, Grenada, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA states (Texas, Virginia, Alabama), VietnamResult: The State of California in the USA extended the ban on the death penalty for intellectually disabled individuals to include those individuals who are over 18 years of age in 2020.9)Reducing the number of people executedIndicator: 10% decrease in 5 years (AI figure for 2016: 1,031 – excluding China) Target countries: Belarus, China, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Palestine, Pakistan, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand Results: The number of known executions decreased by 26% compared to the 2019 total, continuing the year-on-year reduction recorded since 2015 (483 people, excluding China). The significant drop in known executions was primarily linked to decreases in Iraq and Saudi Arabia.10)Reducing the number of people sentenced to deathIndicator: 10% decrease in 5 years (AI figure for 2016: 3,117– excluding China)Target countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Barbados, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Kenya, Lebanon, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Tunisia, USA,Results: The global total of newly imposed death sentences known to Amnesty International (at least 1,477- excluding China) fell by 36% compared to 2019, partly because the Covid-19 pandemic caused disruptions and delays in criminal proceedings across the world.11)Encouraging clemency and commutations to reduce the number of people on death rowIndicator: 20% decrease in 5 years (According to Amnesty International’s annual report: “at least 21 885 people were known to be under a sentence of death worldwide at the end of 2017”)Target countries: Algeria, India, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, USA Result: Amnesty International recorded commutations or pardons of death sentences in 33 countries including: India, Japan, Kenya, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, ant the USA. Recorded commutation of death sentences increased by 87% in Sub-Saharan Africa.12)Encouraging more transparency regarding the application of the death penaltyIndicator: At least 1 retentionist country makes available relevant information in a report to the UN (UPR, UNSG annual report, moratorium report, reports to treaty bodies…), disaggregated by sex, age, nationality and race, as applicable, and other applicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the number of persons sentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the number of executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted on appeal or in which amnesty or pardon has been granted, as well as information on any scheduled execution, which can contribute to possible informed and transparent national and international debates (2020 UNGA Moratorium Resolution A/RES/75/183, 7.c) Target countries: Belarus, China, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Japan, North Korea, S [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/EN_WCADP_2020ActivityReport.pdf ) [524] => Array ( [objectID] => 18475 [title] => The Arts and Human Rights: Introducing the “Sweet Destiny” Album and Film [timestamp] => 1629849600 [date] => 25/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/introducing-the-sweet-destiny-album-and-film/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHR); August 25, 2021: Pioneering Iranian alternative rock band, Kiosk have released a new musical film and album titled “Sweet Destiny.” Based on a historic 1853 photograph of a public execution by cannon fire in Iran, it is the first professional Farsi language album or film of its kind to be dedicated to the subject of the death penalty.The story is narrated by the photographer who has been summoned to photograph the scene of the execution as proof and questions the defendant’s crime. Divided into 14 acts, the imagined story of the execution is layered with cultural and political metaphors and references. Kiosk’s rich and poignant songs create context, take the viewers through the history of Iran since 1853 and highlight the critical issues around the death penalty and human rights breaches in Iran. Using historical photographs, paintings and animation, Sweet Destiny is visually mesmerising and thought provoking with sprinkles of satire that masterfully cross cultural boundaries. The film is subtitled in English. [texte] => / IHRightsیک جوان کرد به‌نام #میلاد_جعفری پس از بازداشت توسط نیروی انتظامی، به‌طرز مشکوکی در بازداشتگاه آگاهی شاپور، جان خود… https://t.co/5akLVmvZGY13 AprIHRNEWS AND ARTICLESREPORTSINFOGRAPHICSTRANSITIONMULTIMEDIASTATEMENTSفارسی HOME NEWS AND ARTICLES THE ARTS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: INTRODUCING THE “SWEET DESTINY” ALBUM AND FILMThe Arts and Human Rights: Introducing the “Sweet Destiny” Album and Film25 Aug 21 Sweet DestinyShare thisKiosk’s rich and poignant songs create context, take the viewers through the history of Iran since 1853 and highlight the critical issues around the death penalty and human rights breaches in Iran.The Arts and Human Rights: Introducing the “Sweet Destiny” Album and FilmIran Human Rights (IHR); August 25, 2021: Pioneering Iranian alternative rock band, Kiosk have released a new musical film and album titled “Sweet Destiny.” Based on a historic 1853 photograph of a public execution by cannon fire in Iran, it is the first professional Farsi language album or film of its kind to be dedicated to the subject of the death penalty.The story is narrated by the photographer who has been summoned to photograph the scene of the execution as proof and questions the defendant’s crime. Divided into 14 acts, the imagined story of the execution is layered with cultural and political metaphors and references. Kiosk’s rich and poignant songs create context, take the viewers through the history of Iran since 1853 and highlight the critical issues around the death penalty and human rights breaches in Iran. Using historical photographs, paintings and animation, Sweet Destiny is visually mesmerising and thought provoking with sprinkles of satire that masterfully cross cultural boundaries. The film is subtitled in English. Kiosk have dedicated the film “to the families of the victims of the death penalty and all those working for the abolishment of this inhuman punishment.” Supported by Iran Human Rights, Sweet Destiny has been made available for those in Iran but we ask the Iranian diaspora and our friends and allies to support our fight against the death penalty by donating their chosen amount through this PayPal link. You can watch the full film here. For more information, visit the Sweet Destiny website. “In order to abolish the death penalty, we need society as a whole to stand shoulder to shoulder with activists and human rights organisations and shout in unison. Artists and the arts can convey the voice of activists to sections of society that human rights organisations cannot reach. Kiosk and Arash Sobhani have managed to bring that voice to popular culture with their talent and artistry by producing the outstanding and powerful Sweet Destiny film and album,” said Iran Human Rights’ Director, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam.The Sweet Destiny album is also available for streaming on Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube and Soundcloud. Share thisFOLLOW US ON FACEBOOKMORE FROM @IHRIGHTSIran Human Rights @ihrights 09 AprRT @Hoghoghema: «پدر #امیرحسین_مرادی به‌دلیل فشارهای وارد شده بر فرزندش سکته کرده است. مادر امیرحسین هم از نظر روحی اصلا در شرایط مناسبی نی…Iran Human Rights @ihrights 09 AprRT @Hoghoghema: رضا یونسی، برادر #علی_یونسی، در این گفتگو که به مناسبت ۵۶۰ امین روز بازداشت موقت برادرش و #امیرحسین_مرادی تدوین شده، از چگو…Iran Human Rights @ihrights 09 AprOn 24 Dec 2021, IHRNGO expressed its grave concern about the impending heavy and baseless sentences against Ali and… https://t.co/UdTh6nliaJIHRNGO is building a strong civil society, through empowerment of the citizens, promoting and defending the human rights. LATEST CARTOON The Supreme Leader's CaneLATEST REPORT Report: Human Rights Defenders in Iran 202116 Dec 21Report: Human Rights Defenders in Iran 2021 ABOUT USCONTACT US NGOsource Equivalency Determination on File [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/en/articles/4864/ ) [525] => Array ( [objectID] => 18390 [title] => The death penalty and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment [timestamp] => 1629504000 [date] => 21/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-and-the-prohibition-of-torture/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The signatory organizations are convinced that the death penalty is incompatible with the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, which is a peremptory norm of international law (jus cogens) and should thus be abolished. The death penalty is only tolerated by international law and standards to the extent that it may only be imposed for the most serious crimes and applied in a way that causes the least possible suffering. However, the signatory organizations believe that from the sentencing to the execution, the death penalty inevitably causes physical harm and psychological suffering amounting to torture or ill-treatments.The present position paper documents the extent to which international and regional organisation have already recognised a violation of the absolution prohibitionof torture in the application and imposition of the death penalty. [texte] => THE DEATH PENALTY AND THE PROHIBITION OF TORTURE AND CRUEL,INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENTAugust 2021The signatory organizations1 are convinced that the death penalty is incompatible with theprohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, which is aperemptory norm of international law (jus cogens) and should thus be abolished2. The death penaltyis only tolerated by international law and standards to the extent that it may only be imposed forthe most serious crimes3 and applied in a way that causes the least possible suffering4. However,the signatory organizations believe that from the sentencing to the execution, the death penaltyinevitably causes physical harm and psychological suffering amounting to torture or illtreatments.I. The death penalty recognised as a form of torture at the different stages of itsapplicationA. At the time of sentencing1. Fair trial guaranteesAs recalled in the General Comment No. 36 on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civiland Political Rights (“the Covenant”), a death penalty conviction based on information procuredby torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of interrogated persons would violate article6 of the Covenant regarding the right to life, but also fair trial guarantees5 and the prohibition oftorture6. Recently, both the Human Rights Committee and the Committee Against Tortureexpressed concerns about allegations of death sentences based on confessions obtained under1 Signatory organizations:1. Paris Bar Association; 2. Bar Association of Puerto Rico (BAPR); 3. Nigerian Coalition Against the Death Penalty(CONICOPEM); 4. Capital Punishment Justice Project (CJPJ); 5. Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty(CTCPM); 6. Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM); 7. International Federation of ACAT (FIACAT); 8.International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH); 9. International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims(IRCT); 10. Iran Human Rights (IHR); 11. World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT); 12. Parliamentarians forGlobal Action (PGA); 13. Redress; 14. Syndicat national des agents de la formation et de l'éducation du Niger(SYNAFEN) ; 15. World Coalition Against Death Penalty (WCADP) ; 16. Witness to Innocence (WTI).2 International Court Tribunal for former Yugoslavia, Prosecutor v. Anto Furund􀀀ija, IT-95-17/1-T, para. 153 – 157, 10December 1998.3 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 6, 16 December 19664 Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, Safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the deathpenalty, Resolution 1984/50, 25 May 1984.5 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 6 paragraph 2 and article 14, 16 December 19666 Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, General Comment No. 36 - Article 6: right to life, CCPR/C/GC/36,para. 54, 3 September 2019.2duress or torture in Bahrain7 and in Viet Nam8. In such situation, the imposition of the deathpenalty would amount to a violation of the right to life and the absolute prohibition of torture.Moreover, the absence of legal assistance by counsel of their choice at any time during theinvestigative phase of their detention is perceived as particularly grave when facing the deathpenalty9.2. Prohibition of the death penalty for vulnerable groupsInternational law explicitly prohibits the application of the death penalty to different groups ofhuman beings perceived as particularly vulnerable, such as juveniles10, pregnant women11 orpersons whose serious psychosocial or intellectual disabilities impede their effective defence12.According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, juveniles, “because oftheir immaturity, may not fully comprehend the consequences of their actions and should benefit from less severesanctions than adults”13.To Juan Méndez, the former Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman ordegrading treatment or punishment (“Special Rapporteur on torture”), these prohibitions shouldthen not be understood as attributing a different value to their right to life, but as consideringimposition and application of the death penalty in such cases as excessive, and thus as particularlycruel, inhuman and degrading with regard to article 7 of the Covenant and articles 1 and 16 of theConvention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment(“the Convention against Torture”)14.B. Pending execution: the death row phenomenonAccording to the Special Rapporteur on torture, conditions of detention on death row mayamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In 2012, he definedthe death row phenomenon as a combination of circumstances, including the « lengthy and anxietyriddenwait for uncertain outcomes, isolation, drastically reduced human contact and even the physical conditions inwhich some inmates are held », which produce severe mental trauma and physical suffering15. Secretdetention, solitary confinement and social exclusion can also characterize the death rowphenomenon and have effects on detainees ranging from various forms of anxiety, stress and7 Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, Concluding observations on the initial report of Bahrain,CCPR/C/BHR/CO/1, para. 31 -32, 15 November 2018.8 Committee against Torture of the United Nations, Concluding observations on the initial report of Viet Nam,CAT/C/VNM/CO/1, para. 28- 29, 28 December 2018.9 Working Group on Arbitrary Detention of the Human Rights Council of the United Nations, Opinion No. 32/2019concerning Saeed Malekpour (Islamic Republic of Iran), A/HRC/WGAD/2019/32, para. 47, 9 September 2019.10 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, article 6 § 5, 16 December 1966.11 Ibidem.12 Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, General Comment No. 36 – Article 6: right to life, CCPR/C/GC/36,para. 49, 3 September 2019.13 UN News, Robinson expresses concerns about scheduled execution in US of two juvenile offenders, 1 August 2002.14 General Assembly of the United Nations, Interim report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman ordegrading treatment or punishment, A/67/279, para. 58, 9 August 2012.15 Ibid. para. 42.3depression to cognitive impairment and suicidal tendencies16 in violation of the prohibition oftorture17.In Soering v. United Kingdom, the European Court of Human Rights considered that a long periodspent on death row « with the ever present and mounting anguish of awaiting execution of the death penalty »would expose the convict to « a real risk of treatment going beyond the threshold » of article 3 of theEuropean Convention on Human Rights18. That jurisprudence was later reaffirmed by theEuropean Court19 and other regional courts have also followed such as the Inter-AmericanCommission on Human Rights20.The Human Rights Committee considers that prolonged judicial proceedings, if they do not per seconstitute cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, especially when the convict is availing himselfor herself of appellate remedies, could amount to a violation of article 7 of the Covenantdepending on the author, the specific conditions of detention and whether the proposed methodof execution is abhorrent21. Hence, failure to provide convicts with timely notification about thescheduled date of their execution is also considered as a form of ill-treatment which renders theexecution likely to be contrary to the prohibition of torture22. Similarly, the Committee AgainstTorture affirmed that the delays in recourse procedures in the United States keep prisonerssentenced to death in a situation of anguish and incertitude for many years which can amount totorture in certain cases23.Criminology confirmed as well that the death row phenomenon produces feelings ofabandonment, leading to « the death of personality », whose symptoms are depression, capacity,loss of sense of reality and physical and mental deterioration, that may result in severe personalitydistortions and denial of reality24. Thus, psychological trauma is an inevitable consequence of theimposition of the death penalty according to authors25.C. During the execution1. GeneralAccording to the European Court of Human Rights, judicial execution involves deliberate andpremeditated destruction of a human being, hence causing physical pain and psychological16 Human Rights Council of the United Nations, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Torture and other cruel, inhuman ordegrading treatment or punishment, A/HRC/43/49, para. 59, 20 March 2020.17 Working Group on Arbitrary Detention of the Human Rights Council of the United Nations, Opinion No. 32/2019concerning Saeed Malekpour (Islamic Republic of Iran), A/HRC/WGAD/2019/32, para. 40, 9 September 2019.18 European Court of Human Rights, Soering v. United Kingdom, No. 14038/88, para. 111, 7 July 1989.19 European Court of Human Rights, Einhorn v. France, No. 71555/01, para. 26, 16 October 2001.20 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Russell Bucklew v. United States, No. 71/18, Case 12.958, para. 91, 10May 2018 and Inter-American Court on Human Rights, Hilaire, Constantine and Benjamin et al. v. Trinidad and Tobago,para. 168, 21 June 2002.21 Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, Kindler v. Canada, No. 470/1991, para. 15.3, 30 July 1993.22 Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, General Comment No. 36 - Article 6: right to life, CCPR/C/GC/36,para. 40, 3 September 2019.23 Committee against Torture of the United Nations, Concluding observations on the combined third to fifth periodic reports ofthe United States of America, CAT/C/USA/CO/3-5, para. 25, 19 December 2014.24 Johnson, Robert. Condemned to die: Life under sentence of death, New York, Elsevier, 1981.25 N Bojosi, Kealeboga. The death row phenomenon and the prohibition against torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment,African Human Rights Law Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 303-333, 2004.4suffering, whatever the method of exec [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://www.fiacat.org/en/publications-en/reports/thematic-reports/3003-the-death-penalty-and-the-prohibition-of-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment ) [526] => Array ( [objectID] => 17093 [title] => What is the Risk that the Death Penalty Will Return in Your Country? [timestamp] => 1629417600 [date] => 20/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/threat-levels-of-the-resurgence-of-the-death-penalty-based-on-key-indicators-drawn-from-the-project-experience/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This interactive tool will allow you to identify the threat levels of the resurgence of the death penalty in your country. It is based on key indicators drawn from the experience of the World Coalition’s pilot project in three countries: the Maldives, the Philippines and Turkey from 2018 to 2021. [texte] => This interactive tool will allow you to identify the threat levels of the resurgence of the death penalty in your country. It is based on key indicators drawn from the experience of the World Coalition’s pilot project in three countries: the Maldives, the Philippines and Turkey from 2018 to 2021. (more…) "What is the Risk that the Death Penalty Will Return in Your Country?" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [527] => Array ( [objectID] => 17071 [title] => Poster Hausa 2021 – Ranan Yancin Hukum Cin Kissan Dounia [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-hausa-2021-ranan-yancin-hukum-cin-kissan-dounia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Matan da Akama Hukun Cin Raï da Raï : Gaskiyan da Ba'a Gani [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021_Poster_Hausa_BD.pdf ) [528] => Array ( [objectID] => 17062 [title] => Poster Zarma 2021 – Jaaro Kan Ika Unndunyara Imatamgan Nda Wiiyen Ciito [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-zarma-2021-jaaro-kan-ika-unndunyara-imatamgan-nda-wiiyen-ciito/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Woyboro Kan Wii Yen Ciiti Ndira a Bon Cimi No Kan Borey Si Nga Ndi [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021_Poster_Zarma_BD.pdf ) [529] => Array ( [objectID] => 17053 [title] => Poster TL 2021- Pandaigdigang Araw Laban sa Parusang Kamatayan [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-tl-2021-pandaigdigang-araw-laban-sa-parusang-kamatayan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Kababaihang nahatulan ng parusang kamatayan: isang di nakikitang realidad [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021-Poster-TAGALOG-BD.pdf ) [530] => Array ( [objectID] => 17044 [title] => Poster Lunganda 2021 – OLUNAKU LWENSI YONNA LWETUJJUKIRA KAWEFUBBE WO KULWANYISA EKIBONEREZO KYO KUWANIKA ABANTU KU KALABBA [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-lunganda-2021-olunaku-lwensi-yonna-lwetujjukira-kawefubbe-wo-kulwanyisa-ekibonerezo-kyo-kuwanika-abantu-ku-kalabba/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => OKUWANIKA ABAKAZI KU KALABBA: AMAZIMA AMEKUSIFU [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021-Poster-LUGANDA-BD.pdf ) [531] => Array ( [objectID] => 17035 [title] => Poster Lingala 2021 – Mokolo ya kobundela etumbu ya liwa na mokili mobimba [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-lingala-2021-mokolo-ya-kobundela-etumbu-ya-liwa-na-mokili-mobimba/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Basi pe bazali kozuwa etumbu ya liwa: Ezali kosalema kasi komonana na miso ya bato te [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021_Poster_LINGALA-BD.pdf ) [532] => Array ( [objectID] => 17005 [title] => 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty – Engaging the Special Procedures of the UN Human Rights Council: Women and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/19th-world-day-special-procedures-of-the-un-human-rights-council/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the methods in this tool are applicable beyond the scope of capital punishment, for the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty, Reprieve and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty have drafted this How-To on engaging the United Nations (UN) Special Procedures for elevating cases pertaining to women who have been sentenced to the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WD2021_How-to-Work-With-UN-mechanisms_v5.pdf ) [533] => Array ( [objectID] => 17003 [title] => The war on drugs, forensic science and the death penalty in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-war-on-drugs-forensic-science-and-the-death-penalty-in-the-philippines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The effectiveness of the death penalty to deter heinous crimes remains a contentious issue even though it has been abolished in many countries. Three years into President Rodrigo Duterte’s administration, the push to re-impose the death penalty is being taken seriously. There is urgency in providing options to the drug problem other than killing drug suspects in the streets or sentencing them to death. The drug problem is a complex issue and exposes the human vulnerability of its users for criminal exploitation. We propose here that addressing these vulnerabilities in a balanced and comprehensive manner through health-focused, rights-based criminal justice responses, conducting forensic science-based drug investigations and determining the social causes of drug abuse is an alternative solution that demands cooperation across different sectors of society as well as underscores the fundamental value of human life. [texte] => The effectiveness of the death penalty to deter heinous crimes remains a contentious issue even though it has been abolished in countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, European Union member nations and some Asian countries such as Cambodia, and Nepal [1]. Many argue that the irrevocability of the death penalty, in the face of potential erroneous convictions, can never justify its imposition [2,3].Three years into President Rodrigo Duterte’s administration, the push to re-impose the death penalty for the third time is being taken seriously by the Philippine House of Congress and the Senate. With the majority of legislators supportive of President Duterte’s war on drugs amidst the absence of the universal principles of the rule of law [4], there is increasing realization of the impending possibility that a death penalty law will be passed soon. In 2019 alone, 19 bills had been filed in the 18th Philippine Congress seeking to re-impose the death penalty for certain serious offenses. 15 of these seek to impose the death penalty for drug trafficking and other drug related offenses.The Philippines is not new to the death penalty. The death penalty in the Philippines can be traced as far back in history as the time of Spanish colonization wherein the Spanish Penal Code of 1848 prescribed the death penalty for individuals challenging its rule. This continued through to the Marcos regime that ended during the EDSA revolution of February 1986. During the Corazon Aquino government the ratification of the 1987 Constitution paved the way for the abolition of the death penalty making the Philippines to be the first Asian country to do so [1]. All death sentences at the time were reduced to reclusion perpetua. However, five years later, the Philippine Congress under the administration of then President Fidel Ramos re-imposed the death penalty law through Republic Act No. 7659 in order to address the rising criminality and incidence of heinous crimes. The country held the record for the highest number of mandatory death offenses (30 offenses) and death eligible offenses (22 offenses) after it was re-imposed in 1994. Notably in its history, majority of death penalty convictions in the Philippines were decided based on testimonial evidence. On June 24, 2006, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo suspended capital punishment when Republic Act No. 9346 was signed into law. In the same year, the Philippines became a signatory to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which strongly advocates for the abolition of the death penalty globally.Those who oppose the death penalty argue against its re-imposition on several grounds: 1) the death penalty is anti-poor; 2) the death penalty does not deter the commission of crimes; 3) the death penalty is disproportionate to the crime, even as classifying drug trafficking and other drug related offenses as most serious crimes is questionable; 4) the high judicial error rate on capital cases found upon review by the Philippine Supreme Court; and 5) the failure of government agencies to prosecute drug suspects which highlights the weaknesses in drug investigations. We propose here that the increased use of forensic sciences and the formation of institutional cooperation amongst law enforcement, health agencies and universities to improve drug investigations would significantly aid in the prosecution and conviction of the real perpetrators of drug offenses (supply) as well as address the reasons why persons choose to use drugs in the first place (demand). Strengthened international cooperation across law enforcement agencies with support from institutions such as the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime is also needed to address the movement of drugs within and across national borders [3]. The production, trafficking, sale and use of drugs is a more complex problem [5] that cannot be solved within the six-month moratorium originally set by the Duterte administration in 2016 which many believe to have been the justification for the “extraordinary procedures” used for the country’s war on drugs. There are numerous allegations from local as well as international bodies of state-mandated killings or the so-called “extrajudicial killings” performed by “of-duty” police officers, with many undocumented cases that do not make it to any police blotter [6,7]. While more recent official number of deaths was estimated to be ∼6,600, some human rights groups claim the number of deaths to be more than 30,000, most of whom belong to the urban poor [8]. We believe that bringing back the death penalty only opens doors to abuses, government misconduct and unfair trial for many of the more vulnerable members of the community. With over 240,000 drug arrestees and 1,283,409 surrenderees packed in overcrowded jails [9], the re-imposition of the death penalty will only further the blood bath already happening in the streets, by bringing this war to the courtroom and legalizing the actions of agents who are convinced that death is the ultimate solution to the war on drugs.The death penalty is grossly disadvantageous and is disproportionately meted against the poor [2,10]. Records show that most of the persons who were sentenced to death belong to the lower classes of society [2]. In 2004 during the time that the death penalty was in place in the Philippines, a survey conducted by the Free Legal Assistance Group on 890 out of 1120 death inmates showed that 73.1% death convicts belong to the lower classes, 8.2% belonged to the middle class, while only 0.8% belonged to the upper class. Majority were unschooled and unlettered, having finished only elementary education, mostly in public schools. Most inmates were not assisted by counsel during investigations because they could not afford to hire a lawyer. During trial most opted to seek legal assistance from the Public Attorney’s Office. Notably, 27.5% did not have a single consultation with their lawyer during the entire time of their trial which took an average of 4–7 years, and 24.9% only had from 2-5 consultations [11]. The heavy workload of state prosecutors, defense counsels and judges affect trial preparations, including mandatory death and death-eligible cases at that time. If the death penalty law is passed, the extent of defense provided for the poor who could not hire private lawyers is expected to lead to a very high number of death convictions. The lack of access to a fair trial has been repeatedly raised against the implementation of the death penalty in many jurisdictions [12].The proponents of the death penalty in the House of Representatives and the Senate try to justify its re-imposition by claiming that it is an effective deterrent to crimes. However, contrary to the view of its proponents, there are no conclusive studies to show that the death penalty actually deters crimes [13,14]. In fact, crime volume decreased in the years after the abolition of the death penalty based on the statistics provided by the Philippine National Police for 2009–2014 [15]. In the US, Johnson [16] highlighted the importance of the certainty of being caught and punished, rather than the severity of punishment, in deterring the commission of crimes.The United Nations first recognized capital punishment as a global concern in December 1966 when the UN General Assembly adopted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and expressly announced the goal of abolishing the death penalty in all countries. Even though capital punishment is not prohibited, it is to be limited only to the most serious crimes. The lack of a clear definition provided by the ICCPR of what constitutes the “most serious crimes” has led to the arbitrary exercise of the death penalty because what one country may consider a most serious crime may not be considered as such in another country [13]. In a study comparing the use of capital punishment for drug trafficking in different countries, Leechaianan and Longmire [12] concluded that giving the death penalty to those convicted of drug-related crime is disproportionate to the gravity of the offense. The study cites an implicit consensus across many United Nation agencies that interprets the most serious crime to be those that are life threatening or intentional crimes with fatal outcomes. Hence the argument questioning the seriousness of drug offenses when different jurisdictions vary in the imposition of the death penalty was put forward. For example, the death penalty is meted out to persons with 15 g of diamorphine (equivalent to 750 g of normal heroine) in Singapore whereas possession of only 15 g of normal heroine is sufficient to get the same penalty in Malaysia. The gravity of a crime that qualifies it to be a serious crime must be universally recognized across all jurisdictions regardless of political, cultural and religious backgrounds.A major concern in the Philippines is that the trier of fact in the lower courts is a single individual. Substantial errors committed by trial courts on questions of facts may not be corrected by appellate courts thus, convictions made by trial court judges are difficult to reverse. Under the Philippine procedural law, the Supreme Court will not rule on questions of fact but usually passes solely upon questions of law. During the re-imposition of the death penalty from 1994 to 2004, death conviction cases were sent to the Supreme Court for automatic review. In the same period, even with Philippine procedural laws that limit the review process, over 71% of death penalty convictions were modified (64.6%) or revoked (7.1%) by the Supreme Court. Errors were detected without the presentation of additional evidence since the Philippine criminal justice system was not structured to accept post-conviction evidence at that time. The Supreme Court then required that all death penalty cases must first be reviewed by the Court of Appeals before these cas [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X19301597 ) [534] => Array ( [objectID] => 17001 [title] => Death in the time of Covid-19: Efforts to restore the death penalty in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-in-the-time-of-covid-19-efforts-to-restore-the-death-penalty-in-the-philippines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Philippine Congress recently passed a bill amending the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 and reimposing the penalty of life imprisonment to death for specific-drug related offenses. House Bill No. 7814 also allows the presumption of guilt in certain drug-related crimes unless otherwise proven, thereby overturning the long-standing constitutional presumption of innocence. The bill has been sent to the Senate for its concurrence and could only be several steps away before being signed into law by President Rodrigo R. Duterte. This paper discusses the ramifications of the new bill and the questioned timeliness of its passage when the country continues to have a large and overcrowded prison population and a significant number of deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 in Southeast Asia. The government's lapses in following the 2021 national vaccination plan became apparent in the 31 March 2021 assessment made by the congressional health panel on the government's response to the pandemic. From the authors' perspective, the urgency of using the country's limited resources to help medical frontliners and local government units prevent further infections and save lives should have outweighed the efforts exerted to pass a law that legalized the death penalty for the third time in the Philippines. [texte] => "The Philippine Congress recently passed a bill amending the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 and reimposing the penalty of life imprisonment to death for specific-drug related offenses. House Bill No. 7814 also allows the presumption of guilt in certain drug-related crimes unless otherwise proven, thereby overturning the long-standing constitutional presumption of innocence. The bill has been sent to the Senate for its concurrence and could only be several steps away before being signed into law by President Rodrigo R. Duterte. This paper discusses the ramifications of the new bill and the questioned timeliness of its passage when the country continues to have a large and overcrowded prison population and a significant number of deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 in Southeast Asia. The government's lapses in following the 2021 national vaccination plan became apparent in the 31 March 2021 assessment made by the congressional health panel on the government's response to the pandemic. From the authors' perspective, the urgency of using the country's limited resources to help medical frontliners and local government units prevent further infections and save lives should have outweighed the efforts exerted to pass a law that legalized the death penalty for the third time in the Philippines. Previous article in issue"In characterizing the global pandemic of 2020, the immortal words of Charles Dickens have never seemed to be more apt -, "[I]t was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of disbelief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair ... " (Dickens, 1859). These eloquent passages ring particularly true in the Philippines to describe the government’s continuing efforts in the mid-dle of a national health crisis to restore the death penalty as part of the drive to solve the illegal drug problem. The “war on drugs” was one of Philippine President Rodrigo R. Duterte’s central campaign platforms where he committed to stop the drug trade within six months (Corrales, 2017). When he took office on 1 July 2016, he emboldened the police to kill drug suspects with impunity (Reyes, 2016). As of 31 December 2020, the “war on drugs” had officially claimed 6011 lives during anti-drug operations (Marquez, 2021). However, the United Nations Commis-sion on Human Rights and its Philippine equivalent estimate that the figure is significantly higher (Human Rights Watch, 2021, p. 386). During his State of the Nation Address delivered on 27 July 2020, President Duterte renewed his call to bring back the death penalty by lethal injection for crimes specified in the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. The President asserted that “this law will not only help deter criminality but also save our children from the dangers posed by illegal and dangerous drugs” (Rappler, 2020).In response to the President’s appeal, the House of Representatives consolidated 11 pending bills into House Bill No. 7814 (Barbers & Garbin, 2020). This bill was passed on 02 March 2021, amending pro-visions of the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 and reimposing the penalty of life imprisonment to death for specific-drug related offenses (PTV News, 2021). Congress took a step further by making the prosecution of drug cases easier in court. HB7814 contained provisions that persons are presumed guilty of committing certain drug-related offenses unless otherwise proven, thereby overturning the long-standing presumption of innocence that is found in Article 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations, 1948) and Article III, Sec. 14 (2) of the Philippine Constitution of 1987 (Republic of the Philippines, 1987). Several lawmakers strongly opposed the bill, particularly the inclusion of the ‘presumption of ‘guilt’ clauses (CNN Philippines, 2021). To date, the bill has been sent to the Senate for its concurrence and could only be several steps away from being signed into law by the President, who has made the “war on drugs” a part of his political platform (Corrales, 2017). The consolidated bill identified the drug offenses that could result in a death sentence (death-eligible crimes) and those where the court is required to impose the maximum punishment of death (death-manda-tory crimes). These offenses are listed in Table 1. Drug trafficking, drug abuse, and other drug-related offenses pose a threat to the Philippines (Simbulan, Estacio et al., 2019) and the global community. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimated that in 2019 at least 269 million people worldwide, or at least 5.4% of the global population aged 15–64, had used drugs at least once in the previous year (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2020). Psychiatric studies have shown that drug addiction is a brain disease accompanied by a psychiatric disorder or other co-morbidities (Leshner, 1997). In other countries, the temporary removal of drug users from the community while treating their addiction is a more effective interven-tion (Kerr, Small et al., 2005). There is evidence to support the cost-effectiveness of drug treatment compared to the use of law enforcement-based resources to address a country’s drug problem (Caulkins & Chandler, 2006). Hence, the Philippines need to explore and fund diverse drug-rehabilitation approaches that are focused on addressing health issues rather than expanding law enforcement. Interestingly, the Mega Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Center in Nueva Ecija, some 100 km north of Manila, is not fully utilized. The facility built for 10,000 addicts had reported only 2,085 severe drug addicts who completed its program in three and a half years (Allard & Lema, 2020). In 2019, technical experts updated the drug policies that should guide local government units to establish treatment and reha-bilitation programs for drug users (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2019). Because the policies are guidelines and not directives from the executive branch of government, funding to support local programs is not automatically appropriated in the national budget. Also, programs appear to be implemented mainly by religious and socio-civic organizations rather than the government’s health network. The addi-tional economic requirements for successful treatment, e.g., absence of an income during the rehabilitation period when the drug user is the wage earner, must also be addressed. One approach to incentivize drug users to complete an entire rehabilitation program is by providing alternative forms of employment for the remaining family members during the treatment period.The authors find the underutilization of Philippine drug treatment facilities alarming, given the severely overcrowded jails and prisons. We strongly urge Congress to thoroughly review the country’s approach to the drug problem, to approve a larger proportion of the national budget for health that would specifically focus on drug rehabilitation, and to support sociological research that assesses the effectiveness of local programs given the specific challenges drug users face in the Philippines. The drug problem should be seen from a public health perspective and not viewed solely as a law enforcement problem to address a policy of criminalization and punishment (Simbulan, Estacio et al., 2019).Serious doubts have been raised about the timeliness and appropri-ateness of the passage of HB7814 in the middle of a global pandemic where the SARS-CoV-2 virus had already infected over 953,106 Fili-pinos, with 127,006 active cases, and caused the death of 16,141 others, as of 20 April 2021 (DOH, 2021). Aside from the human toll, the pandemic has devastated the Philippine economy, which posted a negative growth rate of −9.5% for its Gross Domestic Product in 2020 (Mapa, 2021). Around 10.9 million Filipinos lost their jobs and had lower incomes due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Lazo & Rodriguez, 2020). The Philippine government debt also ballooned to P9.8 trillion at the end of December 2020, pushing the debt-to-GDP ratio to the highest level over a decade as the government borrowed more to fund the pandemic response (Laforga, 2021). Moreover, it seems like poor Filipinos are being targeted by the ‘War on Drugs’ because they are the ones who use shabu or crystal meth that can shrink the brain (Espenido, 2018; Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2021). In our opinion, these urgent and pressing problems certainly deserve more of the 'legislators' time and attention than measures intended to cause more deaths and suffering.The current global pandemic highlighted the severe state of Philippine jails and prisons that are more crowded than other prison systems globally (Aben, 2020). As of February 2021, the seven Philippine correctional institutions' average prison population occupation rate was 442%, with the women's correctional facility in Mindanao having the highest rate of 551% (Bureau of Corrections, 2021). The occupancy level of Philippine prisons was 463.6% which was the second-highest level below the Republic of Congo (World Prison Brief, 2020).As a consequence of the “war on drugs” and the numerous unsolved cases of extrajudicial killings (Go & De Ungria, 2019), prisoners on the so-called government's narcotics list have been told to stay in jail to remain alive (Gomez, 2018). During the Duterte administration, the narcotics list was used to target drug suspects in police operations and drive-by shootings. The government has channeled ‘intelligence’ money so that the list could be updated and used as an integral instrument in the war on drugs (Talabong, 2020). Many suspects from the most impoverished communities who have been caught because of the narcotics list cannot pose bail. During the period before the pandemic, police arrested nearly 100 drug suspects daily (Morales, 2017). Most remain imprisoned throughout their trial, thus [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666353821000114 ) [535] => Array ( [objectID] => 16982 [title] => Preventing the Reinstatement of Capital Punishment in the Maldives [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/preventing-the-reinstatement-of-capital-punishment-in-the-maldives/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Findings from a preliminary study concerning the local abolitionist movement, risksto related civilsociety organizations and the identification of capacity building opportunities. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2_pg_-MALDIVES_EN_BD.pdf ) [536] => Array ( [objectID] => 16962 [title] => Preventing the Reintroduction of the Death Penalty in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/preventing-the-reintroduction-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-philippines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Findings of a study on the threats facing local civil society efforts to combat reinstroduction of the death penalty and the risks involved with reintroducing the death penalty in the Philippines. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/PHIL_2_page_handout_EN.pdf ) [537] => Array ( [objectID] => 16943 [title] => Turkey: The Risk of Reinstatment of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/turkey-the-risk-of-reinstatment-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Findings from a preliminary study on the situation of human rights defenders in Turkey and the potential of a return to capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/doc-2page_turquie_EN_V3.pdf ) [538] => Array ( [objectID] => 16941 [title] => The death penalty in Egypt: Ten year after the uprising [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-egypt-ten-year-after-the-uprising/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Reprieve wrote this report about the use of the death penalty in Egypt. [texte] => On 17th August 2017, I was visiting Egypt during my summer break, and was due to travel back to Ireland, my home country, in four days. Instead,I was arrested for taking part in protests. I was 17 years old. Witnessing people being massacred for democracy didn’t sit right with me as a teen.I grew up believing that democracy and human rights have no borders, and that people shouldn’t be kidnapped and murdered when calling for these rights.I was charged in a mass trial along with hundreds of others. In jail, I was tortured: I was stripped naked, beaten and kept in sweltering, overcrowded cells. Any visitations that were permitted could only last for two minutes, while I was behind barbed wiring. I thought that if I was not executed, I would surely die in jail. After four years and two months of adjourned trials, I was acquitted and released. By the time I got home to Ireland, I was 21 years old.I lost the crucial years from being a child to becoming an adult. While being in jail, two of my sisters got married, and five new babies were welcomed into the family. My mother was diagnosed with cancer and my uncle passed away. I received a letter from my best friend describing my high school graduation, which I had missed, and a few years later, my college graduation too. To this day flashbacks of whatI endured continue to haunt me.I first heard of Reprieve while in solitary confinement. It was my 18th birthday and I cried that I couldn’t celebrate it with my loved ones. Reprieve sent me a birthday card with 8,000 signatures. It was a candle that lit my dark cell. I was released because of the tireless work of my family, the legal organisation Reprieve, assistance from the Irish government, and support from others who heard about my circumstances.Thousands of other Egyptians have had the same terrifying experience. Egypt continues to use mass trials to sentence people to death. Some of those sentenced to death are children, like I was. Many of those sentenced in mass trials are eventually executed, and in 2020, the rate of executions in Egypt skyrocketed. This report lays bare the extent of this shocking crisis, with figures that make the scale of this disaster undeniable.Continued attention on Egypt’s trial and execution practices is essential so that no one else is subjected to the same injustices. I hope that this report draws attention to the urgency of the situation in Egypt and to those cellmates who said to me while I was walking out of my cell “Ibrahim, please don’t forget us.”Reprieve and partner organisations in Egypt gather information about the use of the death penalty in Egypt from official court documents and reviews of English and Arabic sources, including official government sources from Egypt, newspapers and other media sources from Egypt and around the Arab world, and reporting by Egypt-based human rights monitors. Events taking place after 31 December 2020 were not collected and therefore are not reflected in the data. The methodology by which we gather this information, many of the underlying sources, and our analysis of this information is available athttps://egyptdeathpenaltyindex.com/about/.It is important to note that the UN General Assembly has called on all states that continue to apply the death penalty to:“make available relevant information, disaggregated by sex, age, nationality and race, as applicable, and other applicable criteria, with regard to their use of the death penalty, inter alia, the number of persons sentenced to death, the number of persons on death row and the number of executions carried out, the number of death sentences reversed or commuted on appeal and information on any scheduled execution, which can contribute to possible informed and transparent national and international debates, including on the obligations of States pertaining to the use of the death penalty.”Unfortunately, the vast majority of executing states, including Egypt, have failed to make any such information available.Offences punishable by the death penalty: 104 offences are punishable by death under Egyptian law.ii Set out in the Penal Code,iii Counterterrorism Law,iv Military Judiciary Law,v and Anti-Narcotics Law,vithese crimes include a number of non-violent and non-lethal offences, including a wide and vaguely defined range of terrorism-related offences that expose people to the death penalty for perceived opposition to the current regime.Egypt’s criminal court system: When a defendant is sentenced to death in Egypt, they are first given a preliminary death sentence, and their case is referred to the Grand Mufti.viii The Grand Mufti is Egypt’s highest Islamic religious authority. His religious opinions, issued on various matters, are non-binding but influential. The Grand Mufti issues an opinion on each preliminary death sentence handed down in Egypt, including sentences imposed on non-Muslims. The trial judge then takes the opinion into consideration before confirming or commuting the death sentence.The death sentence can be appealed to the Court of Cassation, Egypt’s highest court.ix Under the current law, the Court of Cassation is no longer required to remit a capital case to a lower court for a retrial or rehearing.x Instead, it has the power to confirm or alter the sentence.xi Once a death sentence is confirmed by the Court of Cassation, it becomes final, pending presidential order of its implementation or pardon.xii A defendant’s lawyer can file a final request for reconsideration with the Prosecutor, who then communicates it to the Court of Cassation.xiiiExecutions are carried out by hanging for civilians,xivincluding those who are tried before military courts, or by firing squad for military personnel.At risk of imminent execution: Someone is at risk of imminent execution when they have exhausted all of their court appeals, and there is no legal barrier to execution. Egypt’s criminal procedure requires people on death row, and their families, to be notified of their execution dates in advance. But the recent practice has been to execute people suddenly and without notifying their families. Especially now, as Egypt is carrying out executions at an unprecedented rate, everyone with a finalised death sentence is considered at imminent risk.Definitions: Political criminal charge Refers to charges where the facts and circumstances are perceived to be connected to the political and societal changes that have arisen in Egypt since the January 2011 revolution. These charges include terrorism, assembly, civilian clashes, storming a government installation, and membership in a terrorist organisation (when that organisation as a whole has committed other crimes). These are often the charges when political demonstrations result in violence between security forces and civilians.Non-Political criminal chargeRefers to charges where the facts and circumstances are not perceived to be connected to the political and societal changes that have arisen in Egypt since the January 2011 revolution.Mass trialThere is no single internationally accepted definition of a mass trial. For the purposes of this report, a mass trial is defined as one in which 15 or more individuals are tried simultaneously. In absentia convictionA conviction of a defendant who was not present at trial, i.e., a conviction handed down in the defendant’s absence.xviAssembly LawxviiA British Colonial-era law that enshrines the concept of collective liability, allowing the state to hold any individual accused of attending an assembly deemed illegal for being unlicensed jointly liable for any criminal act that allegedly arose because of that assembly.xviiiProtest LawxixA law originally passed in 1923 and then replaced by the government of interim President Adly Mansour.xxIt was intended to complement the Assembly Law by prohibiting unlicensed gatherings of ten or more people in “public meetings” without notifying security forces and giving them the opportunity to limit or prohibit the gathering.Child LawxxiA domestic law originally passed in 1996, and amended in 2008, which protects children under the age of 18 from the death sentence and life imprisonment..Egypt remains fifth in global rankings for executions. Between 2018 and the end of 2020, Egypt carried out at least 241 executions. The vast majority of these executions were in 2020,when Egypt executed at least 152 people, the highest number of annual executions on record. At least 26 people are currently at risk of imminent execution.Arrow-rightThere are widespread and well-founded concerns that Egypt’s criminal justice system cannot afford defendants the basic guarantees of due process and fair trial rights. Mass trials continue to proceed despite widespread international condemnation that they are simply unfit to meet the basic requirements of international fair trial protections. There have been at least 53 mass trials since 2011, in which 2,182 people were sentenced to death. Egypt has continued to used mass trials to issue death sentences in the last three years; at least 213 people have been sentenced to death in mass trials since 2018, a quarter of all death sentences in that period. In the same period, 27 people were executed after being convicted in mass trials. Egypt continues to sentence children to death in contravention of both domestic and international law. At least 17 children have received preliminary death sentences since 2011. Civilians are being tried in military courts at an unprecedented rate. There are concerns that proceedings in these courts are even less likely to adhere to international fair trial obligations; between 2017 and 2020, at least 55 people received the death penalty before military courts. Changes in 2017 to the law to truncate the appeals process have now been fully implemented by Egypt’s judiciary; since 2018, at least 202 death sentences have been upheld by Egypt’s highest court, the Court of Cassation. The escalating use of the death pen [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Egypt ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/05/ResearchReport_DeathPenaltyInEgypt2021.pdf ) [539] => Array ( [objectID] => 16922 [title] => Helpful Hints and Advice on Online Harassment [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/helpful-hints-and-advice-on-online-harassment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Online advocacy efforts by human rights organizations face increasingly dangerous threats. In this short guide, we elaborate a few helpful hints and advice, as well as list a compilation of resources that organizations can refer to handle online harassment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Online_Harassment_Tool.pdf ) [540] => Array ( [objectID] => 16912 [title] => Fair Trial Standards in the Maldives in Dhivehi [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fair-trial-standards-in-the-maldives-in-dhivehi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => އް ތަ ޑު ނގަ ން މި ގެ ތު ޢަ ރީ ޝަ ރި ވެ ފު ސާ ން އި ގެ ޭޖއް ރާ ހި ވެ ދި2020ސް ވަ ދު ރާ ކު ގަ ހަ ފާ އި ގަ ރު ވަ ން ފެ ގެ ޔޭ ނި ދު ށް ޅަ ކޮ ދެ ބާ ދަ އަ ގެ ރު މ [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Maldives_World_Day-Tool_Dhivehi.pdf ) [541] => Array ( [objectID] => 16902 [title] => Fair Trial Standards in the Maldives (World Day Against the Death Penalty 2020) [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fair-trial-standards-in-the-maldives-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty this year is dedicated to the right to effective legal representation for individuals who face death sentences around the world. The theme of access to counsel reinforces the importance of fair trial standards in every legal system and judicial context. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/EN_Maldives_World_Day_Tool_Right_to_Representation_Oct-2020.pdf ) [542] => Array ( [objectID] => 16901 [title] => Investigating Attitudes to the Death Penalty in Indonesia in bahasa Indonesia [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/investigating-attitudes-to-the-death-penalty-in-indonesia-in-bahasa-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pandangan Para Pembentuk Opini tentang Hukuman Mati di Indonesia [texte] => Pada 1971, Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa menetapkan tujuan untuk mewujudkan penghapusan hukuman mati secara universal. Selama lima dekade terakhir jumlah negara yang telah menghapus hukuman mati perlahan meningkat. Saat ini, 109 dari 193 negara anggota PBB telah menghapuskan hukuman mati secara hukum (111 di antaranya menghapus sepenuhnya dalam semua keadaan dan 8 untuk semua tindak pidana umum di masa damai); dan 49 negara lainnya dianggap sebagai abolisionis de facto, yang berarti mereka tidak melaksanakan satu pun eksekusi dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Indonesia adalah salah satu dari minoritas negara yang masih mempertahankan hukuman mati sebagai hukuman yang sah, dengan eksekusi terakhir terjadi pada 2016. Hingga Oktober 2020, ada sekitar 355 orang terpidana mati di Indonesia.The Death Penalty Project, Inggris, dalam kemitraan dengan LBH Masyarakat, mengupayakan sebuah penelitian untuk mendalami pandangan para ‘pembentuk opini’ Indonesia tentang hukuman mati. Sentra HAM Universitas Indonesia sangat senang dapat bermitra dalam pekerjaan penting ini dan bekerja sama dengan seseorang yang amat bereputasi seperti Profesor Carolyn Hoyle, Universitas Oxford, untuk melakukan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pandangan orang-orang yang bekerja di berbagai sektor penting, yang melalui pekerjaan mereka membantu membentuk dan memengaruhi opini. Penelitian ini hendak memberikan wawasan tentang pemahaman mereka, dan komitmen mereka untuk retensi atau abolisi. Melalui proses wawancara, kajian ini mengajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan penting tentang asumsi seputar dukungan publik, efek jera, dan pelaksanaan hukuman mati.Laporan ini disarankan dibaca bersama-sama dengan laporan pendampingnya Meneliti Sikap tnetang Hukuman Mati di – Opini Publik: Tidak Ada Halangan untuk Penghapusan, yang mengkaji lebih dalam dari sekadar pertanyaan biner apakah masyarakat umum mendukung hukuman mati atau tidak, dan memastikan informasi tentang tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang sesungguhnya.Secara keseluruhan, rangkaian studi yang komprehensif ini untuk pertama kalinya memberikan analisis terperinci tentang pandangan dan sikap orang Indonesia tentang hukuman mati dan data yang kaya bagi pihak-pihak yang tertarik dan terlibat dalam pokok persoalan ini. Saya sungguh-sungguh berharap bahwa penelitian ini akan membuka dialog lebih lanjut dan lebih berpengetahuan di seluruh Indonesia dan mendorong para pembuat kebijakan dan pemimpin masyarakat lainnya untuk terus membahas penggunaan hukuman mati di Indonesia.Laporan ini membuat terang bahwa di antara narasumber yang diwawancarai, ada keinginan untuk berubah. Setiap negara harus memutuskan sendiri kapan dan bagaimana penghapusan hukuman mati dilakukan. Namun demikian, agar percakapan tentang persoalan ini bermakna dan bermanfaat, percakapan itu harus didasarkan informasi yang baik. Untuk alasan inilah saya senang mendukung setiap pekerjaan yang fokus pada pendidikan dan informasi yang menyediakan Indonesia dan warganya data yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat keputusan penting seperti itu.Laporan ini mempertimbangkan temuan dari wawancara dengan 40 ‘pembentuk opini’ di seluruh Indonesia. Mereka adalah orang-orang yang memiliki yurisdiksi atas sebagian proses pidana atau yang dianggap berpengaruh dalam membentuk atau menanggapi opini publik: tiga orang dari LSM terkemuka; empat perwakilan media; enam politisi; enam pengacara atau praktisi peradilan pidana; empat hakim; enam akademisi hukum dalam posisi status tinggi; enam pejabat publik senior dan lima tokoh agama. Kami berupaya menggali pengetahuan mereka tentang penyelenggaraan sistem peradilan pidana, khususnya penerapan hukuman mati, pandangan mereka tentang hukuman mati dan alasan mereka atas pandangan tersebut, serta kecenderungan tanggapan mereka terhadap perubahan dalam kebijakan pidana.Ini adalah laporan pendamping untuk studi kami tentang ‘Opini Publik tentang Hukuman Mati di Indonesia’, dan paling baik dibaca bersama laporan tersebut. Bersama-sama, kedua laporan ini menunjukkan bahwa opini warga negara Indonesia atas hukuman mati tidak menjadi penghalang bagi penghapusan hukuman mati.1Kami menemukan bahwa dua pertiga (67%) dari para pembentuk opini mendukung penghapusan hukuman mati (selanjutnya, abolisionis).Sebagian besar dari mereka melihatnya sebagai pelanggaran hak asasi manusia.Sebaliknya, sebagian besar narasumber yang mendukung dipertahankannya hukuman mati (selanjutnya, retensionis) bersikap demikian karena meyakini bahwa hukuman mati dapat mencegah pembunuhan dan perdagangan gelap narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang (selanjutnya, narkoba), namun tidak ingin hukuman mati diperluas cakupannya. Baik para retensionis maupun abolisionis merasa bahwa jika hukuman mati dipertahankan, hal tersebut sebaiknya hanya untuk kejahatan ‘luar biasa’, meskipun yang mereka maksud adalah tindak pidana yang selama ini memang sudah diancam hukuman mati, yakni perdagangan gelap narkoba, pembunuhan dan terorisme. Semua menginginkan agar orang ‘rentan’ dikecualikan dari ancaman hukuman mati, terutama anak-anak, orang tua dan perempuan hamil, serta mereka yang memiliki disabilitas mental dan fisik.Sebagian besar narasumber cukup berpengetahuan mengenai penerapan dan penelitian tentang hukuman mati, tetapi para abolisionis lebih baik pengetahuannya daripada retensionis. Walau demikian, sebagian besar narasumber merasa bahwa pembuat keputusan politik tidak memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai tentang penelitian dan bagaimana hukuman mati digunakan dalam praktiknya. Baik para abolisionis maupun retensionis merasa bahwa pemerintah mempertahankan hukuman mati karena dianggap perlu untukmencegah peredaran narkoba, selain karena mayoritas warga dianggap mendukung retensi.Hampir seluruh responden menyebut bahwa pencegahan adalah tujuan utama hukuman. Walau begitu, semua narasumber lebih yakin dengan ‘pemolisian yang lebih efektif ’ dan pada langkah-langkah sosial (seperti pengurangan kemiskinan) daripada hukuman mati sebagai cara untuk mengurangi kejahatan dengan kekerasan dan tindak pidana narkoba. Ketika ditanya tentang metode pengurangan kejahatan terbaik, hanya dua orang yang menyebutkan hukuman mati untuk tindak pidana narkoba dan tidak ada yang mengatakan bahwa hukuman mati akan efektif dalam mencegah pembunuhan.Meskipun mayoritas responden merasa bahwa pengedar narkoba cenderung tidak menargetkan negara-negara yang menerapkan hukuman mati, sebagian besar tidak merasa bahwa penghapusan hukuman mati di Indonesia akan berakibat pada meningkatnya penggunaan narkoba, peredaran narkoba, atau kematian terkait narkoba.Sebagian besar narasumber rendah kepercayaannya bahwa sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia menyediakan pengaman yang memadai, juga rendah kepercayaannya pada polisi. Setengah dari mereka juga rendah kepercayaannya pada jaksa dan sepertiga juga rendah kepercayaannya pada pengadilan. Para retensionis cenderung berpikir bahwa kesalahan penghukuman jarang terjadi dan lebih memiliki kepercayaan pada jaksa dan pengadilan daripada para abolisionis.Saat diberikan serangkaian kemungkinan reaksi publik terhadap penghapusan hukuman mati, tanggapan yang paling sering disebut adalah ‘mungkin akan ada BEBERAPA yang menyatakan atau mengungkapkan ketidakpuasan menjelang penghapusan, tapi mayoritas publik akan menerimanya setelah undang-undangnya disahkan’. Kebanyakan dari mereka yang mengidentifikasi diri sebagai retensionis menyatakan bahwa meskipun mereka secara pribadi tidak akan mendukung penghapusan, mereka tidak akan menentangnya.Sejak dekade terakhir abad ke-20, yang menjadi kekuatan pendorong bagi gelombang baru penghapusan hukuman mati adalah perkembangan hukum hak asasi manusia internasional. Dengan kemunculannya setelah Perang Dunia Kedua dan kaitannya dengan lahirnya negara-negara yang baru terlepas dari imperialisme dan kolonialisme totaliter, prinsip-prinsip hak asasi manusia internasional menciptakan iklim dan seperangkat instrumen universal yang mendukung perlindungan warga negara dari kekuasaan negara. Di antara instrumen-instrumen ini, dan yang menjadi kunci dari pembatasan progresif hukuman mati, adalah Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak-hak Sipil dan Politik (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – ICCPR) yang membatasi hukuman mati, sebelum abolisi terjadi, hanya untuk kejahatan ‘paling serius’. Indonesia meratifikasi ICCPR pada Februari 2006.Pengaman (Safeguards) yang dibuat untuk Menjamin Perlindungan Hak-hak Mereka yang Menghadapi Hukuman Mati diadopsi oleh Dewan Ekonomi dan Sosial PBB pada 1984, dan telah direvisi, mendefinisikan lingkup ‘kejahatan paling serius’ menjadi tidak lain dari ‘kejahatan yang disengaja dengan konsekuensi mematikan atau lainnya yang sangat berat’. Definisi ‘paling serius’ yang tidak terlalu presisi ini tidak membatasi hukuman mati hanya untuk pembunuhan yang disengaja, dan negara-negara tertentu terus memberlakukan hukuman mati untuk perdagangan gelap narkoba, tindak pidana politik dan agama dan bahkan perilaku seksual yang tidak akan dikriminalisasi di negara lain.Negara-negara yang mempertahankan hukuman mati untuk berbagai tindak pidana yang tidak mematikan menegaskan hak kedaulatan mereka untuk menentukan tindak pidana mana yang menimbulkan kerugian paling serius dalam masyarakat mereka. Bahwa ada beragam interpretasi tentang ‘yang paling serius’, sesuai ketakutan nasional atau kepentingan agama dan politik, menengarai adanya gagasan yang berkebalikan dari sifat universal hak asasi manusia dan menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian internasional tidak dapat mewujudkan potensi penuhnya tanpa adanya kemauan politik. Di Indonesia, kemauan politik tampaknya me [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Pandangan-Para-Pembentuk-Opini-tentang-Hukuman-Mati-di-Indonesia-Bagian-I-Pembentuk-Opini-Keinginan-Akan-Perubahan.pdf ) [543] => Array ( [objectID] => 16897 [title] => Capital Punishment, 2019 – Statistical Tables [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-2019-statistical-tables/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report presents statistics on persons who were under sentence of death or were executed in 2019 [texte] => At year-end 2019, a total of 29 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) held 2,570 prisoners under sentence of death, which was 56 (2%) fewer than at year-end 2018. During 2019, the number of prisoners under sentence of death declined for the 19th consecutive year. California (28%), Florida (13%), and Texas (8%) held about half of the prisoners under sentence of death in the United States on December 31, 2019. Te BOP held 61 prisoners under sentence of death at year-end. Seven states executed a total of 22 prisoners in 2019. Texas executed 9 prisoners, which accounted for 41% of the executions carried out in 2019. Tis report presents statistics on persons who were under sentence of death or were executed in 2019, and on state and federal death penalty laws. At year-end 2019, a total of 32 states and the federal government authorized the death penalty (map 1).Eleven states and the BOP received a total of 31 prisoners under sentence of death in 2019. Twenty-one states and the BOP removed a total of 65 prisoners from under sentence of death by means other than execution. The New Hampshire legislature repealed the death penalty provision of the capital murder statute, but the repeal was prospective, leaving one male prisoner under a previously imposed sentence of death. The New Mexico Supreme Court declared the state capital statute unconstitutional, and the two prisoners under sentence of death were resentenced to life. The largest decline in the number of prisoners under sentence of death in 2019 occurred in California (down 11 prisoners), followed by Pennsylvania (down 8), Texas (down 7), and Tennessee (down 6). During 2019, the number of prisoners held under sentence of death increased in three states: North Carolina (up 3), Ohio (up 2), and South Carolina (up 1). Ninety-eight percent of prisoners under sentence of death were male. Among prisoners under sentence of death at year-end 2019, about 56% were white and 41% were black. Among prisoners under sentence of death at year-end 2019 with a known ethnicity, 15% were Hispanic. As of December 31, 2019, prisoners under sentence of death had been on death row for an average of 18.7 years. Prisoners executed during 2019 had been on death row for an average of 22 years. Terms and defnitions Aggravating factors—Specifc elements of a crime Civil authority—The state or federal entity responsible defned by statute. When present, these factors may for implementation and enforcement of capital allow a jury to impose a death sentence for a person punishment laws, excluding military authorities. convicted of a capital ofense. Sometimes these are also Commutation—Reduction of a death sentence by called aggravating circumstances. the president (federal) or by a governor or a board of Capital conviction—A formal declaration that a advisors empaneled to review sentences (state). Criteria defendant is guilty of a capital ofense, made by the for granting a commutation vary by state. The new verdict of a jury, the decision of a judge, or a guilty plea sentence can be to life or a term of years. by the defendant in a court of law. Death row—A slang term that originally referred to Capital ofense—A criminal ofense punishable by the area of a prison in which prisoners under sentence death. Ofenses that are eligible for a death sentence of death were housed. Usage of the term “death row” are defned by statute in each jurisdiction that continues despite the fact that many states do not authorizes capital punishment. The most common maintain a separate unit or facility for prisoners under is frst-degree murder accompanied by at least one sentence of death. aggravating factor. Received under sentence of death—The admission Capital punishment—The process of sentencing of a person to prison after being sentenced to death by convicted ofenders to death for the most serious a court. crimes and carrying out that sentence. The specifc Removal from under sentence of death—The removal ofenses and circumstances that determine whether of a prisoner who was previously under sentence of a crime is eligible for a death sentence are defned death and is no longer included in the count of persons by statute and are prescribed by Congress or a under sentence of death. A prisoner can be relieved of state legislature. a death sentence by several methods: execution, death Capital statutes—State or federal laws dictating by causes other than execution, commutation, or an specifc crimes that are eligible for a death sentence overturned capital conviction or sentence. and specifc procedures to be followed in carrying out Sentence of death—A sentence imposed by a court for such sentences. a capital ofense which authorizes the state to execute a convicted ofender.Status of the death penalty in 2019 As of December 31, 2019, a total of 32 states and the federal government authorized the death penalty (tables 1, 2, and 3). While the Washington Supreme Court declared the state death penalty statute unconstitutional, as applied, on October 11, 2018 (State v. Gregory, 192 Wash. 2d 1, 427 P.3d 621 (2018)), the Washington state legislature has neither revised nor repealed the statute. During 2019, one state repealed its death penalty statute, one had its statute ruled unconstitutional by the state’s highest court, and fve revised statutes related to the death penalty. In 2019, the New Hampshire legislature repealed the death penalty (HB 455), efective May 30, 2019. Because the repeal was prospective, it did not afect the previously imposed death sentence of one male prisoner. Te New Mexico Supreme Court invalidated the state’s death penalty statute on June 28, 2019. Te court found in Fry v. Lopez (2019-NMSC-013, 447 P.3d 1086) that, by allowing the death penalty for murders committed prior to the enactment date but not for similar murders committed afer the enactment date, imposition of a death sentence conficted with the proportionality provision of the same statute. Te ruling efectively removed the state’s two remaining prisoners from under sentence of death. During 2019, Alabama revised statutory provisions relating to its death penalty. Te legislature added murder of any frst responder operating in an ofcial capacity (Ala. Code § 13A-5-40(a)(21)) to the list of ofenses eligible for the death penalty. It also added two aggravating circumstances: the victim was a law enforcement or correctional ofcer murdered while on duty or for reasons related to their job; and the victim was a frst responder who was operating in an ofcial capacity (Ala. Code § 13A-5-49 (13), (14)). Tese changes became efective October 1, 2019. Arizona amended the list of aggravating circumstances required to make a murder eligible for the death penalty (A.R.S. § 13-751(F)). Te state’s legislature removed elements from the statute: that the defendant knowingly created a grave risk of death to persons other than the murder victim (A.R.S. § 13-751(F)(3)); committed the ofense in a cold, calculated manner without pretense of moral or legal justifcation (A.R.S. § 13-751(F)(13)); or used a stun gun (A.R.S. § 13-751(F)(14)). Te changes resulted in a total of 10 possible aggravating circumstances and became efective on August 27, 2019. Arkansas revised its code of criminal procedure to prohibit disclosure of information or documents related to the execution process and participants (Ark. Code Ann. § 5-4-617), efective July 24, 2019. Te Oregon legislature revised several elements of the statute related to the state’s death penalty (SB 1013 (2019)), which became efective September 29, 2019. Oregon revised the defnition of aggravated murder. Te changes allow for the death penalty in only the following circumstances: murder of two or more persons for the purpose of infuencing the public or government through intimidation or coercion; murder committed by an inmate or someone with a prior conviction for aggravated murder; premeditated murder of a child age 13 or younger; and murder of police, correctional, probation, or parole ofcers when the murder was related to their ofcial duties. Te changes also added a new ofense: frst-degree murder, which encompasses elements previously classifed as aggravated murder, which is punishable by life without the possibility of parole. Tennessee revised two statutory provisions related to the death penalty. Te specifed aggravating circumstances were amended to include knowingly selling or distributing fentanyl or other opiates with the intent to commit murder (Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-204(i)(18)). Te state also revised the code of criminal procedure to provide that when a judgment has become fnal in trial court, the conviction and the sentence of death will be automatically reviewed by the Tennessee Supreme Court instead of requiring the defendant to fle a direct appeal from the trial court to the state’s Court of Criminal Appeals (Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-206(a)-(c)). Te changes became efective July 1, 2019. Authorized methods of execution in 2019 sentencing. Five states authorized alternative methods Methods of execution are defned by statute and vary by jurisdiction. In 2019, all 32 states with a death penalty statute authorized lethal injection as a method of execution (table 4). Fifeen states also authorized an alternative method of execution: electrocution (9 states), lethal gas (3), hanging (2), fring squad (3), and nitrogen hypoxia (3). In states that authorized multiple methods of execution, the condemned prisoner usually selected the method. Five states (Arizona, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Utah) stipulated which method must be used depending on the date of either the ofense or if lethal injection was ruled to be unconstitutional: Delaware authorized hanging; Mississippi and Oklahoma authorized electrocution, fring squad, or nitrogen hypoxia; Utah authorized fring squad; and Wyoming authorized lethal gas. Federal prisoners are executed by lethal injection, pursuant to 28 CFR Part 26. Fo [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Government body report ) [url_doc] => https://bjs.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh236/files/media/document/cp19st.pdf?utm_source=WeeklyUpdate&utm_campaign=2809ad1b5d-weekly_update_2017_w41_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_37cc7e4461-2809ad1b5d-344695193 ) [544] => Array ( [objectID] => 16895 [title] => State-Sanctioned Killing of Sexual Minorities: Looking Beyond the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/state-sanctioned-killing-of-sexual-minorities-looking-beyond-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report examines the extent to which states sanction the killing of sexual minorities. It looks beyond those countries that impose the death penalty for same-sex intimacy to the far greater number of countries in which state actors commission, condone, endorse and enable such killings. He argues that the state-sanctioned killing of sexual minorities is often perpetrated well beyond the boundaries of the law, and even in countries that do not criminalise such conduct. [texte] => While the number of countries that retain the death penalty as a form of criminal punishment has been decreasingly steadily (Amnesty International, n.d.), a minority of states continue to execute prisoners. Indeed, the end of Donald Trump’s United States presidency was marked by an unprecedented spree of federal executions (Death Penalty Information Center, 2021). Although the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights permits the execution of persons convicted of crimes involving ‘intentional killing’, many abolitionists take the position that the death penalty is wrong under all circumstances.6 When it comes to the execution of individuals for same-sex sexual conduct, the majority of governments that retain the death penalty concur with the abolitionists. International human rights law is also clear that imposing the death penalty for same sex sexual conduct is prohibited: Crimes not resulting directly and intentionally in death, such as attempted murder, corruption and other economic and political crimes, armed robbery, piracy, abduction, drug and sexual offences, although serious in nature can never serve as the basis, within the framework of article 6, for the imposition of the death penalty. . . Under no circumstances can the death penalty ever be applied as a sanction against conduct the very criminalization of which violates the Covenant, including adultery, homosexuality, apostasy, establishing political opposition groups or offending a head of State. (United Nations Human Rights Committee, 2019b:35–36; emphasis added)Of the 84 countries that retain the death penalty (Amnesty International, 2020:53), same-sex sexual acts could be punished by death in only 11 countries (Human Dignity Trust, n.d.; Mendos et al., 2020). In six countries—Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen—consensual same-sex conduct is punishable by death, according to the UN Report of the Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity (Madrigal-Borloz, 2018: para. 51). The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) confirms with ‘full legal certainty’8 that the death penalty is the prescribed punishment for consensual same-sex sexual acts in these countries. In its latest report, the ILGA goes further, identifying five additional countries—Afghanistan, Pakistan, Qatar, Somalia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)—where the death penalty may be imposed, qualifying that there is ‘no full legal certainty’ (Ibid.). The Human Dignity Trust (n.d.) identifies the same 11 countries, but differs from the ILGA’s categorisation: it labels five countries—Iran, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Somalia and Yemen—as ‘implementing’ the death penalty and argues that the death penalty is a ‘legal possibility’ in six countries—Afghanistan, Brunei, Mauritania, Pakistan, Qatar, and UAE (Ibid.). The two organisations differ in their classification of Brunei, Mauritania, and Somalia. The ILGA focuses on the legal framework, thereby dividing countries that prescribe the death penalty with ‘full legal certainty’ and those that do not meet this threshold. On the other hand, the Human Dignity Trust (n.d.) focuses on the ‘implementation’ of the death penalty, i.e. executions being carried out. Accordingly, the ILGA classifies Brunei and Mauritania as countries that clearly prescribe the death penalty under law, while the Human Dignity Trust classifies both states in the second tier due to the lack of executions in practice. Conversely, the ILGA categorises Somalia in the second tier because its penal code does not prescribe the death penalty for same-sex sexual conduct and uncertainty exists around the interpretation of Sharia law, but the Human Dignity Trust views Somalia as an executing state on the basis that of al-Shabaab, a militant group, carrying out ‘executions’ (in this report, we discuss the killing of sexual minorities by militant groups in Part 2). First, we examine how codified laws and Sharia law in these 11 countries prescribe, or have the potential to prescribe, the death penalty as punishment for consensual same-sex sexual acts. In each of these jurisdictions, the scope of the relevant offences is defined as follows: •In Brunei, the punishment for same-sex sexual conduct is death by stoning: ‘for the purpose of this Order, liwat means sexual intercourse between a man and another man or between a man and a woman other than his wife, done against the order of nature that is through the anus’ (Section 82, Syariah Penal Code Order 2013; came into force in April 2019). •Iran has the most extensive framework codifying the criminalisation of sexual minorities, and prescribes the death penalty for livat (penetrative anal intercourse between men), tafkhiz (putting one’s penis between the thighs or buttocks of another man), and musaheqeh (vaginal contact between two women) (see Table 1 for a summary of the relevant legislative provisions in the Penal Code 2013). •In Mauritania, the law states: ‘Any adult Muslim man who commits an indecent act or an act against nature with an individual of his sex will face the penalty of death by public stoning.’ (Act Against Nature, Penal Code 1984, Article 308).10•In Nigeria, twelve states have introduced Sharia Penal Codes (Human Rights Watch, 2004). While the wording of the relevant provisions differs slightly between states, the language typically used to prescribe the death penalty for same-sex sexual acts is as follows: ‘Whoever has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man or woman is said to commit the offences of sodomy. Except that whoever is compelled by the use of force or threats or without his consent to commit that act of sodomy upon the person of another shall not be the subject of the act of sodomy nor shall he be deemed to have committed the offence.’ (Sharia Penal Code 2001, State of Gombe). In two of the 12 states, women also face the death penalty for same-sex sexual conduct.•In Saudi Arabia, no codified law exists for same-sex sexual acts. However, the state claims that such acts ought to be punished by death according to Sharia law (Mendos et al., 2020:70). •In Yemen, ‘Homosexuality is the contact of one man to another through his posterior; both sodomites whether males or females are punished by whipping of one hundred strokes if not married. It is admissible to reprimand it by imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year, punishment by stoning to death if married.’ (Homosexuality, Penal Code 1994, Article 264)•In Afghanistan,Pakistan,Qatar,Somalia and the UAE,the respective penal codes do not prescribe the death penalty for same-sex sexual acts. However, these countries operate dual or hybrid legal systems, meaning that codified law is administered in parallel to Sharia law. Under Sharia law, same-sex sexual acts may be punishable by death if construed by the courts as zina (adultery) (see Mendos et al., 2020).Examining the legislative measures in these jurisdictions makes clear that codified laws in Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, and Yemen ‘unequivocally’ prescribe the death penalty for same-sex conduct (Mendos et al., 2020:31), bearing in mind that in some of these countries the implementation of the death penalty is unlikely (discussed below). Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, Qatar, and the UAE operate a hybrid legal system; accordingly, although the death penalty is not prescribed for same-sex sexual acts in codified law, scope remains for the death penalty to be used against sexual minorities in accordance with Sharia law. In Saudi Arabia, there is a complete absence of codified law concerning same-sex sexual conduct. The courts instead apply an iteration of Sharia law which imposes the death penalty for same-sex intimacy (Mendos et al., 2020:31). In sum, a global analysis shows that 11 countries couldprescribe the death penalty for same-sex sexual acts. That being said, the application of the death penalty in some countries turns on the gender, age, marital status, religion and sexual position of the ‘offender’ (see Table 2).Gender: States criminalising same-sex sexual acts regularly distinguish between offenders on the basis of gender. Men who have sex with men are criminalised in all instances: in seven countries (Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen) the prescribed punishment for men engaging in same-sex sexual acts is the death penalty. In the remaining four countries (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, and the UAE marked as ‘unclear’ in Table 2), the lack of clarity comes from the interpretation of zina (adultery). If same-sex sexual conduct can be considered zina because same-sex marriages are not recognised, both genders could theoretically be executed.Women who have sex with women face the death penalty in two countries: Iran and Nigeria. In Iran, a woman will only be executed upon her fourth conviction for such acts, whereas a man may be executed upon his first conviction. We have been unable to identify any instances where women were judicially executed in any of the 11 countries.19 However, women are subjected to harsh punishments for engagement in same-sex intimacy: in Mauritania and Yemen, women may be imprisoned, while in Iran, women may be sentenced to 100 lashes (for the first three convictions).Age: In at least three countries—Brunei, Iran, and Nigeria—minors, defined as persons under 18 years, may be executed. In Iran, the age of criminal responsibility is nine years for girls, and 15 years for boys, and persons having attained those respective ages can be sentenced to death (Islamic Penal Code of Iran, Article 147; Iranian Lesbian & Transgender Network (6Rang) 2015:1). In Brunei, children who have reached puberty are punishable as adults (Syariah Penal Code, Section 13; Child Rights International Network, n.d.). In Nigeria, children hav [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/report/State-Sanctioned_Killing_of_Sexual_Minorities_Looking_Beyond_the_Death_Penalty/14069318 ) [545] => Array ( [objectID] => 16893 [title] => Right Here, Right Now Life Stories from America’s Death Row [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/right-here-right-now-life-stories-from-americas-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Upon receiving his execution date, one of the thousands of men living on death row in the United States had an epiphany: “All there ever is, is this moment. You, me, all of us, right here, right now, this minute, that's love.” Right Here, Right Now collects the powerful, first-person stories of dozens of men on death rows across the country. From childhood experiences living with poverty, hunger, and violence to mental illness and police misconduct to coming to terms with their executions, these men outline their struggle to maintain their connection to society and sustain the humanity that incarceration and its daily insults attempt to extinguish. By offering their hopes, dreams, aspirations, fears, failures, and wounds, the men challenge us to reconsider whether our current justice system offers actual justice or simply perpetuates the social injustices that obscure our shared humanity. [texte] => To the reader, from a man living on death row:fact: Tough guys (like I’m supposed to be) are soft guys too, tenderhearted and caring. We love animals and children very much and cry sometimes when we see images of their suffering. I am not ashamed to say that I like to read Mother Earth News magazine. I especially like the last page of the publica-tion, called “Earth Words.” This page shows beautiful pictures of natural land-scapes accompanied by a poem or some words of wisdom.One issue shows a hippopotamus with a portion of its head, eyes, and snout above the water in the Linyanti River at sunset. The accompanying poem is one of Maya Angelou’s; it reads: “No sun outlasts its sunset, but will rise again and bring the dawn.”I’m praying that you bring the dawn, God willing.What does it mean for each of us to bring the dawn? When I was a kid, we would sometimes go camping all alone. Just before sunset, we’d head of with nothing but a tent, sleeping bags, and ourselves. We’d tell ghost stories, stay up late, and if we got hungry, it was easy enough to hunt up something to eat. Easy because we were “camping” in our backyard.Just before dawn, when the night was its darkest and chilliest, we’d generally abandon the tent for our own warm beds.Many of those who live on death row didn’t have backyards as children,and if they did, those backyards certainly weren’t places to safely sleep. And as for hunting up groceries, good luck with that. Too often, there sim-ply weren’t any. Even when there was food, it was often kept padlocked in a cabinet or refrigerator, since food was limited and the hunger of growing boys was not. Instead of pretending to camp out, one man recalled how he and his brother pretended to be locked up. Pretended to be incarcerated.I think about my own children, how they built tepees and forts and treehouses. How they never once played “prison.” How they didn’t even know what prison was.In 2013, Hidden Voices was invited by a psychologist, the programs director at a prison, to develop a project for a group of residents living on death row. At that time, the death penalty was lawful inthirty-five states, down one from the previous year after Connecticut abolished its death sentence. More than three thousandpeople were incarcerated on America’s Death Row. And that number didn’t even count America’s Junior Death Row: the children we sentenced to life without parole, meaning the children we sentenced to grow up and die in prison.At Hidden Voices, we describe ourselves as “a radically inclusive, par-ticipatory, and co-creative collective committed to creating just, com-passionate, and sustainable relationships.” Building these relationships is the only way to create the just and compassionate world we all wish to inhabit. So I sugested that instead of developing a project for the men, we follow our usual process and develop a project with the men. At Hidden Voices, our core values are simple: All lives have meaning. All stories matter. The programs director agreed. We were in. But little did we imag-ine what we were in for.When we walked into that first meeting in2013, we brought nothing but paper, pencils, and our Hidden Voices process. At the close of our second meeting, we left with a list of intended outcomes, a rich visioning of what we might create to achieve those outcomes, and a list of whom to invite to our table: both to speak and to listen.By unanimous agreement, the most critical intention read like this: “We intend for our stories to break the stereotype of who lives on death row. We want the public to know we are not monsters.” And so we set forth with a destination clearly in mind but absolutely no idea how the journey would unfold.Justice. The project evolved to include a wealth of material: collections of stories, interviews, performances on death row, cycles of monologues, public readings, two interactive exhibits, and the play Count: Stories from America’s Death Row. We worked hands-on with groups of men and one-on-one, laughed and wept together on phone calls, exchanged letters, spoke with family members, and invited others living on death row around the country to share their most intimate stories, words, and prayers. The stories in this collection are drawn from those interactions.The men who played “prison,” and who now live there, generally pre-ferred to share stories of the “good times,” in no small part because thosestories stood in relief against the background chaos: the time they went to an amusement park; the time they got a pair of brand-new shoes; the time they went fishing at the creek and Grandma slipped and lost her wig in the water. Heck, who doesn’t enjoy a good laugh? But we also in-vited them to share the other stories, the ones that required more efort. Those stories—of meals that consisted solely of ketchup crackers, of a par-ent waking the children in the middle of the night and forcing them to choose which one would receive that night’s beating, of learning to tie their shoes and smoke weed at the same age—those were shared more slowly and at greater cost. Often they were introduced with the halting words, “I’ve never told anyone this before.”More than once, the speaker wept.In those moments, the other guys sat quietly. Patiently. There was no attempt to console, no attempt to stem the rising waters, no patting someone’s back. This was prison, after all. The men ofered something far more powerful and healing: the profound respect of allowing another person the space to feel what they were feeling, without any need to have that other person stop feeling so that the rest of us might feel better. In that windowless place, there was so much unspoken, of tenderness and grief. Of shared, unshed tears for the children they once were, for the men they had become."One prisoner commented that he never realized the traumatic things that happened in his life were tragic until he became an adult. “It was just stuf that happened, understand?”Well, sure. Who notices the water in which we swim, the air we breathe? We don’t question the beliefs that drive us, because we don’t recognize them as beliefs. We just see them as “what is.” You can’t question what 4Introductionyou don’t see. As children, those men were just trying to keep their heads above water."No other society has imprisoned as many of its own as we do here in the United States. What we hide in the dark obscurity of prisons and jails are real people, shredded by mental illness, violence, abuse, and poverty. As one young man told me, “Poverty and prison go together like Kool-Aid and sugar. Without sugar, you got no Kool-Aid. Without poverty, you got no prison.”Scholars from around the world have referred to our current state of incarceration as “American apartheid.” In her February 6, 2009, Children’s Defense Fund Child Watch column, Marian Wright Edelman writes, “Incarceration is becoming the new American apartheid and poor children of color are the fodder....Child poverty and neglect, racial disparities in systems that serve children, and the pipeline to prison are not acts of God. They are America’s immoral political and economic choices that can and must be changed.”Perhaps we would benefit from our own Truth and Reconciliation process. Who need to tell the truth? Who need to listen? Surely we all do. We need to tell the truth about who it is we incarcerate. We need to tell the truth about why we think it’s OK. Too often, what we accept as truth is simply some form of It must be because it is. Stay within that circu-lar world, and those statements hold up. You can’t see the river till you climb onto the banks. But clamber up, and suddenly the river is defined. It stands out against a larger landscape of possibility.After a public reading of these monologues, an audience member said, “I always assumed those men must belong on death row because that’s where they were.” Simple, isn’t it? We can’t see what we don’t know. The muddy waters of those other lived realities are opaque to us.In one of our prison sessions, a resident stated bluntly that childhood was overrated; he didn’t remember “anything positive under all that dirt.” Another man gently insisted they shouldn’t blame childhood cir-cumstances for their choices. As young teens they had chosen to start selling drugs. No one had forced them. But is that true?The notion of “choice” has such allure. It is seductive to imagine we are in control of our destinies. But when I asked my children how they might have gone about buying and selling drugs in middle school, they just laughed. The best they could come up with was a girl rumored to have smoked a joint.My children wouldn’t have “chosen” to sell drugs because(1) we didn’t need the money and(2) they’d have had no idea where or how to begin. At thirteen, my children were surrounded by ice skates, baseball prac-tice, and violins. The young man who made the comment about “choice” was surrounded by guns, drugs, and an immediate need for rent money. Are we seriously trying to convince ourselves that this boy had the same choices as my kids? That we have acted responsibly by sentencing children like him to execution or to life in prison without parole, mean-ing to grow up and die there?The men were shocked to hear me say this. But my goodness, just look around. Who benefits from the conjoined notion of choice and personal responsibility? Obviously, it’s those with the most benefits. The story we tell ourselves is we are personally responsible, because of the choices we made, for our abundant benef [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.dukeupress.edu/Assets/PubMaterials/978-1-4780-1411-9_601.pdf ) [546] => Array ( [objectID] => 16891 [title] => The Phantom [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-phantom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => THE PHANTOM tells the story of one of the darkest episodes in the long history of American justice. A story of how the State of Texas knowingly sent an innocent man to his death and left a serial killer at large. A case in which - for the first time - it can be conclusively proven that the US courts executed a blameless man. This film uncovers the shocking truth behind a tale of murder, corruption and lies that unfolded in the dusty, desperate streets of a Texas oil town nearly thirty years ago. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPzF3ZjQg40 ) [547] => Array ( [objectID] => 16820 [title] => Violations of the Right to Life in the Context of Drug Policies [timestamp] => 1628553600 [date] => 10/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hrc47-arbitrary-detention/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International and co-signatories congratulate Mr Tidball-Binz on his appointment as Special Rapporteur on summary executions. With this statement, we highlight key violations of the right to life enabled by repressive drug policies or reported in the context of drug law enforcement; and encourage this Rapporteur to pay specific attention to the impact of […] [texte] => Harm Reduction International and co-signatories congratulate Mr Tidball-Binz on his appointment as Special Rapporteur on summary executions. With this statement, we highlight key violations of the right to life enabled by repressive drug policies or reported in the context of drug law enforcement; and encourage this Rapporteur to pay specific attention to the impact of drug control on the right to life in future activities. (more…) "Violations of the Right to Life in the Context of Drug Policies" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [548] => Array ( [objectID] => 16872 [title] => PRESS RELEASE – Indignation after 30 death sentences in Kinshasa [timestamp] => 1628035200 [date] => 04/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/drc-may-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Kinshasa, Paris, May 27, 2021 Our organizations denounce the recent death sentences handed down by the High Court of Gombe, in the center of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo, following violence against the forces of order. [texte] => Kinshasa, Paris, May 27, 2021 Our organizations denounce the recent death sentences handed down by the High Court of Gombe, in the center of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo, following violence against the forces of order. (more…) "PRESS RELEASE – Indignation after 30 death sentences in Kinshasa" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation [2] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [549] => Array ( [objectID] => 16848 [title] => Women sentenced to death: An invisible reality [timestamp] => 1628035200 [date] => 04/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hrc47-women/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and supporting member organizations welcome the annual full-day meeting to discuss the human rights of women under resolution 6/30. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and supporting member organizations welcome the annual full-day meeting to discuss the human rights of women under resolution 6/30. (more…) "Women sentenced to death: An invisible reality" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [550] => Array ( [objectID] => 16808 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty in the Central African Republic [timestamp] => 1627862400 [date] => 02/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hrc47-car/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Together Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, the International Federation of ACAT (FIACAT) and Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture in the Central African Republic (ACAT CAR) welcome this interactive dialogue and wish to draw the attention of the Independent Expert on the application of the death penalty […] [texte] => Together Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, the International Federation of ACAT (FIACAT) and Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture in the Central African Republic (ACAT CAR) welcome this interactive dialogue and wish to draw the attention of the Independent Expert on the application of the death penalty in Central African Republic. (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty in the Central African Republic" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [551] => Array ( [objectID] => 16799 [title] => Statement on the occasion of the adoption of the upr report of Lebanon [timestamp] => 1627862400 [date] => 02/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hrc47-lebanon/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => We welcome Lebanon’s position in accepting some of the recommendations on strengthening the justice sector and improving strengthening the justice sector and those aimed at improving the conditions of detention, including the fight against acts of torture and ill-treatment. [texte] => We welcome Lebanon's position in accepting some of the recommendations on strengthening the justice sector and improving strengthening the justice sector and those aimed at improving the conditions of detention, including the fight against acts of torture and ill-treatment. (more…) "Statement on the occasion of the adoption of the upr report of Lebanon" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [552] => Array ( [objectID] => 16774 [title] => Statement on the occasion of the adoption of the upr report of Mauritania [timestamp] => 1627862400 [date] => 02/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hrc47-mauritania/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Together against the death penalty, the Mauritanian Association for Human Rights, The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcome the adoption of the report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review of Mauritania by the Human Rights Council. [texte] => Together against the death penalty, the Mauritanian Association for Human Rights, The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcome the adoption of the report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review of Mauritania by the Human Rights Council. (more…) "Statement on the occasion of the adoption of the upr report of Mauritania" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritania ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [553] => Array ( [objectID] => 16752 [title] => Sierra Leone abolishes the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1627862400 [date] => 02/08/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sierra-leone-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/sierra-leone-flag-500x250.gif [extrait] => On Friday 23rd July 2021, Sierra Leone’s Parliament unanimously abolished the death penalty by passing the Abolition of the Death Penalty Act. [texte] => On Friday 23rd July 2021, Sierra Leone’s Parliament unanimously abolished the death penalty by passing the Abolition of the Death Penalty Act. (more…) "Sierra Leone abolishes the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sierra Leone ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [554] => Array ( [objectID] => 18409 [title] => Life After Sentence of Death: What Becomes of Individuals Under Sentence of Death After Capital Punishment Legislation is Repealed or Invalidated [timestamp] => 1627171200 [date] => 25/07/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/life-after-sentence-of-death-is-repealed-or-invalidated/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => More than 2500 individuals are now under sentence of death in the United States. At the same time, multiple indicators—public opinion polls, legislative repeal and judicial invalidation of deathpenalty laws, the reduction in new death sentences, and infrequency of executions—suggest that support for capital punishment has significantly eroded. As jurisdictions abandon or consider eliminating the death-penalty, the fate of prisoners on death row—whether their death sentences, valid when imposed, should be carried out or whether these individuals should instead be spared execution—looms as contentious political and legal issues, fraught with complex philosophical, penological, and constitutional questions. This article presents a detailed account of what has happened historically to persons awaiting execution, principally within the United States but also internationally, at the time capital-punishment legislation is repealed or invalidated (either completely, or with respect to a narrow category of crimes or persons). Our analysis has uncovered no instances of executions being carried out under those circumstances. This finding has important policy implications and is directly relevant to the Supreme Court’s Eighth Amendment jurisprudence, which relies on execution practices as one measure to help inform the Court about whether the death penalty is a cruel and unusual punishment. [texte] => Akron Law ReviewAkron Law ReviewVolume 54Issue 2Criminal Justice Reform Issue Article 32021Life After Sentence of Death: What Becomes of Individuals UnderLife After Sentence of Death: What Becomes of Individuals UnderSentence of Death After Capital Punishment Legislation isSentence of Death After Capital Punishment Legislation isRepealed or InvalidatedRepealed or InvalidatedJames R. AckerBrian W. StullFollow this and additional works at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreviewPart of the Criminal Law CommonsPlease take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback willbe important as we plan further development of our repository.Recommended CitationRecommended CitationAcker, James R. and Stull, Brian W. (2021) "Life After Sentence of Death: What Becomes ofIndividuals Under Sentence of Death After Capital Punishment Legislation is Repealed orInvalidated,"Akron Law Review: Vol. 54 : Iss. 2 , Article 3.Available at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview/vol54/iss2/3This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Akron Law Journals atIdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA.It has been accepted for inclusion in Akron Law Review by an authorized administrator ofIdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact mjon@uakron.edu,uapress@uakron.edu.267LIFE A FTER SENTENCE OF D EATH:WHAT BECOMES OF INDIVIDUALS U NDER SENTENCE OFD EATH A FTER C APITAL P UNISHMENT LEGISLATION ISR EPEALED OR INVALIDATEDJames R. Acker*Brian W. Stull**I. Introduction ........................................................... 268II. Historical Practices in the United States .................. 276A. American Jurisdictions Which Have Repealed orJudicially Invalidated their Death-Penalty Laws 276B. Execution Practices in Jurisdictions FollowingLegislative Repeal or Judicial Invalidation ofDeath-Penalty Statutes ..................................... 2781. Alaska ........................................................ 2782. Arizona....................................................... 2793. Colorado..................................................... 2824. Connecticut................................................. 2845. Delaware .................................................... 2866. District of Columbia.................................... 2877. Hawaii........................................................ 2878. Illinois ........................................................ 2889. Iowa ........................................................... 29010. Kansas........................................................ 29111. Maine ......................................................... 29312. Maryland .................................................... 29413. Massachusetts............................................. 29514. Michigan .................................................... 29615. Minnesota................................................... 29716. Missouri ..................................................... 29817. New Hampshire .......................................... 29919. New Mexico ............................................... 302* Emeritus Distinguished Teaching Professor, School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany.** Senior Staff Attorney, American Civil Liberties Union, Capital Punishment Project.1Acker and Stull: Life After Sentence of DeathPublished by IdeaExchange@UAkron, 2021268 AKRON LAW R EVIEW [54:26720. New York................................................... 30321. North Dakota .............................................. 30522. Oregon ....................................................... 30623. Rhode Island............................................... 31024. South Dakota .............................................. 31125. Tennessee................................................... 31226. Vermont ..................................................... 31327. Virginia ...................................................... 31528. Washington................................................. 31629. West Virginia ............................................. 31730. Wisconsin ................................................... 318III. International Practice: Abolition and Post-AbolitionExecutions ............................................................. 319A. Canada ............................................................ 320B. The United Kingdom........................................ 320C. Europe and Other Countries Worldwide............ 322IV. Juveniles and the Death Penalty.............................. 325V. Conclusion............................................................. 327I. I NT RODUCT IONWhat should become of individuals who are awaiting executionfollowing the repeal or judicial invalidation of capital punishmentlegislation? Having lawfully been sentenced to death, should theirexecutions go forward? Or since death is no longer an authorizedpunishment in their jurisdiction, should their capital sentences beinvalidated and replaced by life imprisonment? In states debating theabolition of capital punishment, and in states that have taken that step, thefate of individuals who have previously been sentenced to death loomslarge, complicating repeal initiatives and raising urgent questions in theaftermath of abolition. The ethically, politically, and legally fraught issueof whether offenders previously sentenced to death should or can beexecuted following a jurisdiction’s elimination of capital punishment hasrepeatedly surfaced and inevitably must be confronted by the legislatures,governors, and occasionally the courts, in states that have considered andrecently carried out the abolition of capital punishment.2Akron Law Review, Vol. 54 [2021], Iss. 2, Art. 3https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview/vol54/iss2/3 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2525&context=akronlawreview ) [555] => Array ( [objectID] => 18593 [title] => Uganda – Universal Periodic Review – Death Penalty – July 2021 [timestamp] => 1626825600 [date] => 21/07/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uganda-universal-periodic-review-death-penalty-july-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses Uganda's compliance with its international human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. The report examines and discusses the current state of the death penalty in Uganda, including (1) the broad scope of crimes that are eligible for the death penalty; (2) the lack of effective access to counsel in capital cases; (3) the occurrence of extrajudicial killings.This report recommends that Uganda adopt a number of key steps to better align its death penalty practices with Uganda's international human rights obligations. These steps include the following: establishing an official, de jure moratorium on the death penalty; reducing the number and scope of crimes that are eligible for the death penalty; reducing the maximum possible sentence from death to one that is fair, proportionate and in compliance with international human rights standards; and other measures [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgUGANDAStakeholder Report on the Death Penalty for the United Nations Universal Periodic ReviewSubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rights, a non-governmental organization in special consultative statusFoundation for Human Rights InitiativeandThe World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyfor the 40th Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic ReviewJan–Feb 2022Submitted 15 July 2021Founded in 1983, The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publication. The Advocates is the primary provider of legal services to low-income asylum seekers in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on postconviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) is an independent, non-governmental, nonpartisan and not-for-profit human rights advocacy organisation, registered in Uganda under the Non-Governmental Organizations Act, 2016. FHRI Vision is a society based on a human rights and civic culture as a foundation for peace, stability, democracy, social justice and sustainable development. FHRI’s Mission is to promote respect and observance of human rights practices and civic values, enhance best practices through training, education, research, advocacy, ICTs, and strategic partnership. The organisation has Observer Status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, is a member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (Paris) and is affiliated to the International Federation of Human Rights Defenders, (FIDH) in Paris, France. It is a membership organisation with a total of 1,515 members. FHRI commands a 29-year experience and expertise in human rights activism in Uganda. FHRI has been at the forefront in monitoring and documenting human rights violations, publication of periodic human rights 2reports, legal aid service provision to victims of human rights abuse; reporting before regional human rights treaty bodies, the judiciary, parliament, police and prisons; actively campaigns for the abolition of the death penalty including carrying out programmes that promote citizen participation and state accountability. Currently, it is spearheading five campaigns namely; My Rights, My Power, Access to Justice, Rights and Rule of Law, Freedom from Pre-trial detention and the Campaign against the death penalty in Uganda. FHRI is located at the Human Rights House, Plot 1853, John Kiyingi Road, Nsambya, Kampala Uganda.3I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses Uganda’s compliance with its international human rights obligations with respect to the death penalty. The report examines and discusses the current state of the death penalty in Uganda, including (1) the broad scope of crimes that are eligible for the death penalty; (2) the lack of effective access to counsel in capital cases; (3) the occurrence of extrajudicial killings. 2. This report recommends that Uganda adopt a number of key steps to better align its death penalty practices with Uganda’s international human rights obligations. These steps include the following: establishing an official, de jure moratorium on the death penalty; reducing the number and scope of crimes that are eligible for the death penalty; reducingthe maximum possible sentence from death to one that is fair, proportionate and in compliance with international human rights standards; and other measures.II. BACKGROUND AND FRAMEWORKA. 2016 Universal Periodic Review of Uganda3. During the 2016 Universal Period Review, Uganda received 18 recommendations related to the death penalty, 16 recommendations related to torture, 1 recommendation related to detention conditions, 4 recommendations related to the administration of justice, 14 recommendations related to freedom of expression and opinion and human rights defenders, and 2 recommendations related to the excessive use of force by police.1. Moratorium on the death penalty, abolition of the death penaltyStatus of Implementation: Not accepted, not implemented.4. Uganda received 7 recommendations to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,1and 11 recommendations to consider imposing a formal moratorium on the death penalty or to abolish it entirely. 2 Uganda did not accept these recommendations and it has not implemented them.2. TortureStatus of Implementation: Partially Accepted, Not implemented.5. Uganda received 10 recommendations to sign or ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 34 recommendations to implement the Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act,4and 2 recommendations to investigate all allegations of torture to hold perpetrators accountable.5 Uganda accepted the recommendations to implement the Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act and to investigate all allegations of torture, and is considering whether to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture.43. Detention ConditionsStatus of Implementation: Accepted, not implemented6. Uganda received 1 recommendation to separate juveniles from adults in detention and rehabilitation centers.6 Uganda has accepted this recommendation but has not implemented it.4. Administration of JusticeStatus of Implementation: Not accepted, not implemented.7. Uganda received one recommendation to cease harassment and arbitrary detention of political opposition leaders and supporters and ensure peaceful political dissent and discourse,7two recommendations to ensure the separation of powers, the independence and funding of judiciary;8and one recommendation to strengthen the juvenile justice system.9 Uganda did not accept the first recommendation but accepted the other three. Uganda has not implemented these recommendations.4. Freedom of Expression and Opinion/Human Rights DefendersStatus of Implementation: Partially accepted, not implemented.8. Uganda received three recommendations to review the Public Order Management Act and the Non-Governmental Organizations Act to ensure the right of freedom of association;10two recommendations to ensure freedom of assembly and freedom of expression;11 fourrecommendations to consult a broad range of civil society actors and recognize and protect the work of human rights defenders;12 and five recommendations to investigate and punish threats against human rights defenders and civil society organizations.13 Uganda noted the recommendations related to the Public Order Management Act but accepted the otherrecommendations. Uganda has not implemented these recommendations.5. Excessive Use of Force by PoliceStatus of Implementation: Accepted, partially implemented.9. Uganda received one recommendation to enact laws on legal aid and transitional justice14and one recommendation to investigate excessive use of force cases fully.15 Uganda accepted these recommendations but has not made significant progress in implementing them, despite occasional directives issued by the Inspector General of Police urging officers to adhere to accepted policing standards.B. Domestic Legal Framework10. Uganda’s domestic legal framework has remained largely unchanged since the previous UPR in 2016. The Constitution of Uganda was adopted in 1995 and it is the supreme law of the land. Acts of Parliament, regulations made by executive authorities, case law (some from English Common Law, some as developed by Ugandan courts), international treaties and conventions, and customary law also contain applicable law. Uganda is a common law country. The Supreme Court is the final court of appeal. The Court of Appeal of Uganda 5is the second highest court, and it can also sit as the Constitutional Court, determining all questions relating to the interpretation of the Constitution.11. Uganda’s Constitution articulates a qualified right to life, providing that “[n]o person shall be deprived of life intentionally except in execution of a sentence passed in a fair trial by a court of competent jurisdiction in respect of a criminal offense under the laws of Uganda and the conviction and sentence have been confirmed by the highest appellate court.”1612. The following crimes are eligible for the death penalty under the Penal Code: crimes related to treason and offenses against the state17; rape18; aggravated defilement19; murder20;aggravated robbery21; smuggling while armed with a deadly weapon22; detention with sexual intent23; and kidnapping or detaining with intent to murder.24 There are also [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Uganda-UPR-Death-Penalty-Final.pdf ) [556] => Array ( [objectID] => 18603 [title] => Zimbabwe – Universal Periodic Review – Death Penalty – July 2021 [timestamp] => 1626307200 [date] => 15/07/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/zimbabwe-universal-periodic-review-death-penalty-july-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report addresses Zimbabwe's compliance with its human rights obligations with respect to its use of the death penalty. The United Nations considers Zimbabwe a de facto abolitionist country. It has not carried out any executions since 2005. Courts, however, continue to sentence individuals to death, with 88 people currently on death row as of December 2020, after 8 sentences were commuted in April 2020. The new Zimbabwean Constitution (the "2013 Constitution") has replaced the mandatory death penalty with a discretionary sentence for the crime of murder committed under aggravating circumstances. The 2013 Constitution further outlaws the imposition of the death penalty on women, men over the age of 70, and men under the age of 21 at the time the offence was committed. In its 2016 Universal Periodic Review, Zimbabwe noted all recommendations related to the death penalty, partly on the ground that Zimbabwean public opinion did not support abolition of death penalty. Since 2016, developments demonstrate a more positive attitude among the public and opinion leaders toward further reform and the abolition of death penalty.This report focuses on various issues concerning the death penalty and related international human rights instruments, and on conditions of detention and acts of torture and ill treatment of people in detention. Specifically, this report recommends that Zimbabwe abolish the death penalty, improve detention conditions, ratify relevant human rights treaties, and increase resources dedicated to improving the justice system. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USATel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.orgZimbabweStakeholder Report for the United Nations Universal Periodic ReviewSubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rights, a non-governmental organization in special consultative statusThe World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyEleos Justice, Monash UniversityandCapital Punishment Justice Projectfor the 40th Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic ReviewJan-Feb 2022Submitted 15 July 2021Founded in 1983, The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. The Advocates conducts a range of programs topromote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publication. The Advocates is the primary provider of legal services to low-income asylum seekers in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on postconviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.In 2018, Monash University joined forces with an Australian NGO, the Capital Punishment Justice Project, with a shared ambition to end the death penalty in Asia. Together, they formed Eleos Justice. Over the coming five years, Eleos Justice hopes to see a significant shift in the debate about the death penalty, and capital punishment policy. Our long-term vision is to become the region’s leading institute for evidence-based research, policy, network-building, and clinical casework devoted to restricting and abolishing the death penalty. Eleos Justice is based at the Faculty of Law, Monash University (Australia).2The Capital Punishment Justice Project (formerly Reprieve Australia) has been advocating for a world without the death penalty since 2001. It strives to be practical and effective by drawing upon networks of lawyers and experts in related disciplines to support local advocates who are working for change. Its projects began in the USA where it continues to assist lawyers in capital proceedings. In 2012, the scope of its work expanded to Asia in recognition of the persistence of the death penalty in that region. It is now an experienced participant in litigation, advocacy and professional development within Asia. It is committed to developing legal and policy solutions that will make a difference for people at risk of execution and create the conditions for abolition.3I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses Zimbabwe’s compliance with its human rights obligations with respect to its use of the death penalty. The United Nations considers Zimbabwe a de factoabolitionist country. It has not carried out any executions since 2005.1 Courts, however, continue to sentence individuals to death, with 88 people currently on death row as of December 2020,2 after 8 sentences were commuted in April 2020.3 The new ZimbabweanConstitution (the “2013 Constitution”) has replaced the mandatory death penalty with a discretionary sentence for the crime of murder committed under aggravating circumstances. The 2013 Constitution further outlaws the imposition of the death penalty on women, men over the age of 70, and men under the age of 21 at the time the offence was committed.4In its 2016 Universal Periodic Review, Zimbabwe noted all recommendations related to the death penalty, partly on the ground that Zimbabwean public opinion did not support abolition of death penalty.5 Since 2016, developments demonstrate a more positive attitude among the public and opinion leaders toward further reform and the abolition of death penalty.62. This report focuses on various issues concerning the death penalty and related international human rights instruments, and on conditions of detention and acts of torture and ill treatment of people in detention. Specifically, this report recommends that Zimbabwe abolish the death penalty, improve detention conditions, ratify relevant human rights treaties, and increase resources dedicated to improving the justice system. II. BACKGROUND AND FRAMEWORKA. 2016 Universal Periodic Review of Zimbabwe3. During its second-cycle Universal Periodic Review, Zimbabwe received 13recommendations related to the death penalty, 34 related to torture, 2 related to prison conditions, and 2 related to the administration of justice. In response, Zimbabwe supported only recommendations pertaining to prison conditions, administration of justice and torture.1. Abolition of the death penaltyStatus of Implementation: Not Accepted, Not Implemented4. Zimbabwe received eight recommendations to ratify or accede to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.7 Sevenrecommendations invited Zimbabwe to establish a formal moratorium on death penalty and abolish death penalty in domestic law.8 Zimbabwe noted these recommendations and stated that the recommendations are currently receiving attention by the Government.9 Zimbabwestill has a discretionary death sentence in place. However, as discussed in detail below, recent political developments include a motion in Parliament on the abolition of the death penalty and a call for moratorium on executions for all individuals currently on death row.102. Improvement of prison conditionsStatus of Implementation: Accepted, Not Implemented45. Zimbabwe received two recommendations relating to the improvement of detention conditions in prisons and police holding cells.11 Zimbabwe supported these recommendations.12 While prison conditions continue to be harsh, Zimbabwe has recently issued several amnesty orders to decongest overcrowded cells in the wake of the COVID19 pandemic.133. Prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatmentStatus of Implementation: Partially Accepted, Not Implemented6. Zimbabwe received 33 recommendations relating to torture and the ratification of the Convention against Torture and its Optional Protocol, to which Zimbabwe is not a party.14Zimbabwe noted these recommendations.7. Zimbabwe accepted a recommendation to accelerate the process of reviewing and aligning its domestic laws with the Constitution, particularly those provisions pertaining to the prohibition of torture.15 Despite this commitment, Zimbabwe has not undertaken any significant developments in reviewing domestic legislation pertaining to the prohibition of torture.4. Administration of justice & fair trialStatus of Implementation: Accepted, Not Implemented8. Zimbabwe received two recommendations relating to the implementation of measures to strengthen the system of justice administration in order to ensure equal access and due process and to fight impunity.16 These recommendations also asked Zimbabwe to ensure that all individuals who have been detained and charged with an offence are given a fair and impartial trial.17 Zimbabwe supported these recommendations, however, Zimbabwe has not implemented any changes in this regard.B. Domestic Legal Framework9. The death penalty remains legal in Zimbabwe, although its leaders, including the current President Mnangagwa, have repeatedly expressed their intention to abolish the death penalty.1810. The 2013 Constitution abolished the mandatory death penalty yet retained a discretionarydeath penalty with limited scope. Section 48 of the 2013 Constitution permits the imposition of the death penalty for the crime of murder committed under aggravating circumstances.19 The Constitution grants courts discretion on whether to impose the death penalty, even in the presence of aggravating circumstances.20 The definition of aggravated circumstances is broad, ranging from insurgency, torture, and terrorism, to rape or sexual assault, robbery, and murder in a public place.21 The Defense Act authorizes Zimbabwean martial courts to impose death penalty for certain military offences.2211. The 2013 Constitution also narrowed the scope of people who can be executed. The death penalty cannot be imposed on (i) women, (ii) men over the age of 70, or (iii) men under the age of 21 at the time the offence was committed.23512. The right to appeal both conviction and sentence is automatic in cases in which the death penalty is imposed.24 In addition, all men sentenced to death have the constitutional right to seek a presidential pardon or commutation of the penalty.25III. IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONSRight or area 2.1. Acceptance of international norms13. Zimbabwe ratified the ICCPR on 13 May 1991.26 It accepted recommendations to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR during its first Universal Periodic Review.27To date, however, Zimbabwe has not ratified OP2-ICCPR,28 and it noted similar recommendations in the second UPR cycle.29 14. In December 2018, Zimbabwe voted against the biennial resolution of the UN General Assembly calling for [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Zimbabwe-UPR-death-penalty-Final.pdf ) [557] => Array ( [objectID] => 16667 [title] => Detailed Factsheet: Women and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1625097600 [date] => 01/07/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-women-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2021, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and other abolitionist organizations worldwide will celebrate the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty. This year, the World Day is dedicated to women who risk being sentenced to death, who have received a death sentence, who have been executed, and to those who have had their death sentences commuted, exonerated, or pardoned. This detailed factsheet will use the phrase “women sentenced to death” as an inclusive phrase for all of these categories. As women represent a small percentage of those on death row globally, very little has been reported about these women. Yet we can learn much by analyzing their crimes, their lives prior to the crimes, and the conditions under which they are detained on death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/EN_Detailed-Factsheet_WD2021_v1-2.pdf ) [558] => Array ( [objectID] => 16648 [title] => TESTIMONIALS FROM WOMEN SENTENCED TO DEATH [timestamp] => 1625097600 [date] => 01/07/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/testimonials-from-women-sentenced-to-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Collection of testimonials of women's experiences around the world regarding their death sentences- World Day 2021 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Testimonies2021_v1.0_EN.pdf ) [559] => Array ( [objectID] => 16630 [title] => PRIMER ON TRANSGENDER INDIVIDUALS FACING THE DEATH PENALTY [timestamp] => 1625011200 [date] => 30/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/primer-on-transgender-individuals-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2021, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and other abolitionist organizations worldwide will celebrate the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty. This year the World Day is dedicated to women who risk being sentenced to death, who have received a death sentence, who have been executed, and to those who have had their death sentences commuted, have been exonerated or pardoned. Included in this theme, are trans women and other gender diverse individuals, who are a minority on death row but who are discriminated against on the basis of gender. Capital punishment disproportionately targets socially marginalized individuals; it is no different for transgender people, who may face discrimination in every aspect of their lives. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Trans-Rights-and-Death-Penalty-Factsheet_V1.0.pdf ) [560] => Array ( [objectID] => 16595 [title] => FACTS AND FIGURES 2020/2021 [timestamp] => 1625011200 [date] => 30/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2020-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 2020/2021 Facts & Figures Sheet for the World Day Against the Death Penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/FactsFigures2021_EN_v1.0.pdf ) [561] => Array ( [objectID] => 21510 [title] => Investigating Attitudes to the Death Penalty in Indonesia, Part Two – Public Opinion: No Barrier to Abolition [timestamp] => 1624838400 [date] => 28/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/investigating-attitudes-to-the-death-penalty-in-indonesia-part-two-public-opinion-no-barrier-to-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2019-20, The Death Penalty Project, in partnership with LBH Masyarakat and the University of Indonesia, commissioned Professor Carolyn Hoyle, of The Death Penalty Research Unit at the University of Oxford to conduct research investigating attitudes towards the death penalty in Indonesia. The findings have been presented in a two-part report; the first details the findings of a nuanced public survey and the second details the findings of interviews conducted with opinion formers. The public opinion research was undertaken by surveying a stratified random sample of 1,515 respondents – a sample large enough to make inferences from the data about the views of the overall population. [texte] => Over the past few decades, the movement towards abolition and progressive restriction of the deathpenalty has sought to persuade countries around the world that, while they may enjoy the sovereignright to administer punishments of their choosing, the death penalty violates universally accepted humanrights, especially for those offences not widely considered to be the most serious.1 However, in many Asiancountries, international human rights discourse and treaties aimed at abolition may have limited efficacy,and be stigmatised as a form of cultural imperialism. Governments in this region assert that criminaljustice and penal policies must be determined by their unique political, social and cultural circumstances.While in some regions of the world, not least the Middle East and South Asia, the threat of terrorismhas justified retention of capital punishment, in South East Asia, retentionists find rationalisation in theharms caused by drug trafficking. During 2019, there were at least 118 executions and 184 new deathsentences for drug-related offences in Asia and the Middle East.2The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Article 6(2) allows for ‘limitedretention’ of the death penalty for only the ‘most serious’ crimes. While the UN Economic and SocialCouncil has defined the scope of ‘most serious crimes’ to nothing ‘beyond intentional crimes with lethalor other extremely grave consequences’, in Asia, this concept has been interpreted differently according tonational ethos, customs and political imperatives.3 In South East Asia, drug trafficking is considered to beone of the most serious offences. A decision by Indonesia’s Constitutional Court in 2007 acknowledgesthat the ICCPR, which Indonesia ratified in 2005, allows states to retain the death penalty only for the‘most serious’ crimes, but found that particularly serious drugs crimes were able to satisfy this test. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/investigating-attitudes-to-the-death-penalty-in-indonesia-part-two/ ) [562] => Array ( [objectID] => 16899 [title] => Investigating Attitudes to the Death Penalty in Indonesia Part One – Opinion Formers: An Appetite for Change [timestamp] => 1624838400 [date] => 28/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/investigating-attitudes-to-the-death-penalty-in-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2019-20, The Death Penalty Project, in partnership with LBH Masyarakat and the University of Indonesia, commissioned Professor Carolyn Hoyle, of The Death Penalty Research Unit at the University of Oxford to conduct research investigating attitudes towards the death penalty in Indonesia. The findings have been presented in a two-part report; the first details the findings of a nuanced public survey and the second details the findings of interviews conducted with opinion formers. [texte] => Since the closing decade of the twentieth century, the driving force for the new wave of abolition of the death penalty has been the development of international human rights law. Arising in the aftermath of the Second World War, and linked to the emergence of countries from totalitarian imperialism and colonialism, international human rights principles created a climate and a set of universal instruments advocating the protection of citizens from the power of the state. Among these instruments, and key to the progressive restriction of the death penalty, has been the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which restricts the death penalty, pending abolition, to only the ‘most serious’ crimes. Indonesia ratified the ICCPR in February 2006.The Safeguards Guaranteeing Protection of the Rights of Those Facing the Death Penalty, adopted by the UN Economic and Social Council in 1984, and revised since, defined the scope of ‘most serious crimes’ to nothing ‘beyond intentional crimes with lethal or other extremely grave consequences’. This rather imprecise definition of ‘most serious’ has not restricted capital punishment to only intentional murder, and certain states continue to impose the death penalty for drug trafficking, political and religious offences, and even sexual behaviours that, elsewhere, would not be criminalised.Those countries that retain the death penalty for a range of non-lethal offences assert their sovereign right to determine which offences cause most serious harms within their communities. That there are such varied interpretations of ‘most serious’, according to national fears or religious and political imperatives, suggests the converse of a universal notion of human rights and indicates that treaties cannot realise their full potential without political will. In Indonesia, political will would appear to be against abolition of the death penalty while the public is thought to demand it, and while drug offences remain a key concern within the criminal justice system. However, differences in criminal justice and penal policies across South East Asia suggest that the death penalty is not an inevitable response to the drugs ‘problem’.In Indonesia, as elsewhere, drugs can cause considerable harm to those who use them and who distribute illicit substances – not least, health problems, crime and poverty. Indonesia has responded primarily through criminal justice policy, with the enactment in 1997 of most of its harsh contemporary drug laws, further amended in 2009.2 Indeed, most funding has been directed towards drug-control activities in a ‘war on drugs’, rather than public-health-oriented programmes, in spite of evidence that harsh penalties have had little impact.3Rising levels of production and trafficking of drugs within South East Asia, with the ensuing increasing affordability of proscribed substances, have led the authorities in Indonesia to claim they are in a state of emergency.4 If that is so, it is an emergency shared by her neighbours. But notwithstanding common experiences, the search for solutions has taken countries in somewhat different directions in relation to the death penalty. Drugs are trafficked across Cambodia’s borders with Thailand and Vietnam, though the state has had no recourse to the death penalty since abolition in 1989. The only other South East Asian state to have abolished the death penalty is the Philippines, and, yet there, President Rodrigo Duterte is trying to reintroduce the death penalty specifically for drug-related crimes. This would clearly be in contravention of international law, given that the Philippines is a state party to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, but Duterte’s populist politics have considerable support within his country, as well as among other leaders in the region.Myanmar, abolitionist in practice, imposed just four death sentences in 2019, none for drug offences, though it produces – and sells to its neighbours – significant quantities of illegal drugs. Sri Lanka, also abolitionist in practice for some 44 years, has nonetheless made clear its intention to resume executions, and almost half of its new death sentences in 2019 were for drug-related offences. While Thailand retains the death penalty for drug trafficking, there have been no executions for drug offences for a decade. Malaysia imposed 26 new death sentences in 2019, more than three quarters of which were for drug trafficking. This increased further the population of more than 1,200 people on death row, 70% of whom are convicted for drug trafficking. However, Malaysia is in the second year of a moratorium on executions, and has suggested it may review abolition of the mandatory death penalty for drug trafficking, following a report by a special committee set up by the government to review alternative sentences to the mandatory death penalty, and submitted to the government in July 2020.As the death penalty is a state secret in Vietnam, data are not reliable. However, Amnesty International estimates that at least 76 death sentences were imposed in 2019, the majority of which were for drug offences.6 Singapore continues to impose harsh penalties for drug offences, including long terms of imprisonment and whipping.7 Twelve new death sentences, and two of Singapore’s four executions carried out in 2019, were for drug trafficking.Within these diverse responses to drug offending, Indonesia would appear to sit somewhere between Singapore and Vietnam on the one side, and the remaining neighbouring countries on the other – though, for this purpose, the Philippines is rather hard to categorise, given its current proclivity for extrajudicial executions for drug-related offences. For decades, Indonesia’s commitment to the death penalty for drug traffickers has been visible in the steady pace of death sentences. Over the past 20 years, this has put almost 300 people on death row, about 186 of whom are convicted for drug offences, and produced 44 executions, 24 for drug trafficking. Meanwhile, in 2019, Indonesia imposed 60 new death sentences for drug trafficking, three quarters of all death sentences imposed (80), eight of which were imposed on foreign nationals.Furthermore, its current President, Joko Widodo, made apparent his pro-death penalty stance for serious drug offences soon after taking office, as part of his efforts to cultivate an image of being tough on law and order. By way of example, in December 2014 he declared that he would refuse clemency to all drug offenders on death row as a necessary measure to counter the ‘drugs emergency’, and, since then, politicians have promoted the merits of a zero-tolerance approach to drugs.8 Hence, the government justified the 18 executions for drug offences in 2015 and 2016 in terms of a state of emergency caused by drugs.9Claims about drug fatalities sustain the belief that only the harshest punishment – death – is appropriate for drug traffickers. Political rhetoric, and, most likely, judicial sentencing, relies on official statistics on drug-related deaths that suggest drug misuse has devastating consequences for the health of the nation. In January 2015, following executions, the government claimed that between 55 and 85 people died each day from drugs. These figures were revised to approximately 20-25 in 2018, suggesting a strong downward trend in recent years.10 That said, there is little transparency around any of these numbers. The figures on drug deaths cited by the President to justify the executions in 2015 are recognised by social scientists to be based on questionable methods and vague measures.11 Indeed, there seems to be no workable or precise definition of ‘drug-related deaths’. Either way, it would now be hard to find a clear relationship between declining deaths and executions, given that there has been none over the past few years.Notwithstanding these shaky premises, proponents of capital punishment claim, without rigorous evidence, that Indonesian society, including its opinion leaders, are committed to the death penalty – and, further, that it must be retained for its deterrent effect.12 The beliefs in deterrence and in the destructive power of drugs are reciprocal, with each reinforcing the other in a discourse that closes off thoughtful consideration of the facts. While more than five decades of robust research on the deterrent effects of the death penalty, especially in the United States, have established no deterrent effect from either death sentences or executions, we have, as yet, no reliable data on the possible deterrent effect of the death penalty in relation to drug offending in this region.Alongside an unfaltering belief in the deterrent effect of the death penalty, the Indonesian government cites public support as a key reason for retaining the death penalty for what it deems to be serious offences. In early 2019, we conducted a scoping study in Indonesia, including a series of interviews with criminal justice and human rights experts, to explore the apparent appetite for capital punishment. It soon became apparent that there is, in Indonesia, a growing abolitionist movement, with various human rights charities actively gathering data on, and supporting, vulnerable defendants sentenced to death and executed without adequate due process of law, and without access to many of the safeguards that should be in place in any country that retains the death penalty. However, it was apparent that, in their activism, they experienced entrenched and uncompromising views on capital punishment, as did we. We identified three key assumptions behind the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/investigating-attitudes-to-the-death-penalty-in-indonesia-part-one/ ) [563] => Array ( [objectID] => 16530 [title] => Call for tenders for the contracting of travel management services [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-tenders-for-the-contracting-of-travel-management-services/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => The World Coalition requires travel management services, on a non-exclusive basis, for World Coalition staff, members and partners. [texte] => The World Coalition requires travel management services, on a non-exclusive basis, for World Coalition staff, members and partners. (more…) "Call for tenders for the contracting of travel management services" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [564] => Array ( [objectID] => 16513 [title] => Call Tender Travels [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/call-tender-travels/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition requires travel management services, on a non-exclusive basis, for World Coalition staff, members and partners. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EN-WCADP-CallTender_TravelAgency2021.pdf ) [565] => Array ( [objectID] => 16463 [title] => Call for tenders for an external final evaluation [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-tender-evaluation-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => External Evaluation of the project “Preventing the risk of resurgence of the death penalty in three abolitionist countries” of 36 months in the Maldives, Philippines and Turkey [texte] => External Evaluation of the project “Preventing the risk of resurgence of the death penalty in three abolitionist countries” of 36 months in the Maldives, Philippines and Turkey (more…) "Call for tenders for an external final evaluation" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives [1] => Philippines [2] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [566] => Array ( [objectID] => 16486 [title] => Call Tender Evaluation 2021 [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/call-tender-evaluation-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => External Evaluation of the project “Preventing the risk of resurgence of the death penalty in three abolitionist countries” of 36 months in the Maldives, Philippines and Turkey [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives [1] => Philippines [2] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EN-WCADP-ToR-ExtEval-CountriesRisk2021.pdf ) [567] => Array ( [objectID] => 16416 [title] => Program of the 18 June 2021 General Assembly [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/program-general-assembly-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/general-assembly-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => If you are a member organization, join the fantastic program we will have on Friday 18 June! [texte] => If you are a member organization, join the fantastic program we will have on Friday 18 June! (more…) "Program of the 18 June 2021 General Assembly" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [568] => Array ( [objectID] => 16428 [title] => 2021 General Assembly of the World coalition against the death penalty – Program [timestamp] => 1623715200 [date] => 15/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2021-general-assembly-of-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty-program/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => If you are a member organization, join the fantastic program we will have on Friday 18 June! [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EN-WCADP-Programme2021GA.pdf ) [569] => Array ( [objectID] => 16383 [title] => 68th Ordinary Session African Commission on Human & Peoples’ Rights- Anti-Death Penalty Advocacy Continues [timestamp] => 1623369600 [date] => 11/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/68th-ordinary-session-achpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ACHPR_68th_Ordinary_Session_Joint_Pane_on_Violence_Against_Women_in_Vulnerable_Situations-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The ACHPR (the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met virtually for its 68th Ordinary Session from 14 April – 4 May 2021. [texte] => The ACHPR (the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights) met virtually for its 68th Ordinary Session from 14 April – 4 May 2021. (more…) "68th Ordinary Session African Commission on Human & Peoples’ Rights- Anti-Death Penalty Advocacy Continues" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [570] => Array ( [objectID] => 16382 [title] => Poster SWA – 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-swa-2021-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Wanawake waliohukumiwa kunyongwa: Ukweli uliofichika [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/SWA_WD2021_Poster_BD-1.pdf ) [571] => Array ( [objectID] => 16380 [title] => Poster JPN – 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-jpn-2021-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 死刑を科された女性：その知られざる現実 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/JPN_WD2021_Poster_BD-1.pdf ) [572] => Array ( [objectID] => 16355 [title] => Poster DE – 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-de-2021-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Frauen in der Todeszelle: Ungesehene Realität [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/DE_WD2021_Poster_BD-1.pdf ) [573] => Array ( [objectID] => 16346 [title] => Poster IT – 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-it-2021-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Donne condannate a morte: una realta’ invisibile [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IT_WD2021_Poster_BD-1.pdf ) [574] => Array ( [objectID] => 16324 [title] => Leaflet World Day Against the Death Penalty 2021 – EN [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-en-2021-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2021, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionist organizations around the world will celebrate the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty. This year the World Day is dedicated to women who risk being sentenced to death, who have received a death sentence, who have been executed, and to those who have had their death sentences commuted, have been exonerated or pardoned. Their stories are an invisible reality. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/BROCHURE-WORLD-DAY-2021-EN-1.pdf ) [575] => Array ( [objectID] => 16301 [title] => 2020 World Day report [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2020-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty explored the theme “Access to Counsel: A Matter of Life or Death” in light of the continued execution of individuals who struggle to have adequate support from the State (in having access to a trained, experienced attorney, to have adequate time to mount a defense, etc), who consequently also face their challenges in the judicial system. Having access to qualified and effective representation at all stages of a trial is important to ensure due process and can spell the difference between life and death for people facing capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/WORLD_DAY_2020_REPORT_EN-v1_NO_ANNEX.pdf ) [576] => Array ( [objectID] => 16135 [title] => Poster EN – 2021 World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/wd2021-poster_en/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Women sentenced to death: an invisible reality. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EN_WD2021_Poster_BD.pdf ) [577] => Array ( [objectID] => 16116 [title] => Mobilization Kit World Day 2021 [timestamp] => 1623283200 [date] => 10/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-world-day-2021/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Day Against the Death Penalty is aimed at political leaders and public opinion in both retentionist and abolitionist countries. For the 19th year in a row, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is calling for local initiatives and world-wide actions that shine a spotlight on the abolition of the death penalty. The goal of this Mobilization Kit is to inform of this year’s objectives as well provide ideas of activities that boost the global abolitionist goal. This year the World Day is dedicated to women who risk being sentenced to death, who have received a death sentence, who have been executed, and to those who have had their death sentences commuted, have been exonerated or pardoned. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/WD2021_MobilizationKit_EN.pdf ) [578] => Array ( [objectID] => 18811 [title] => A/HRC/48/L.17/Rev.1 Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council [timestamp] => 1622592000 [date] => 02/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-48-l-17-rev-1-resolution-adopted-by-the-human-rights-council/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => GE.21-14079(E)Human Rights CouncilForty-eighth session13 September–8 October 2021Agenda item 3Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil,political, economic, social and cultural rights,including the right to developmentAlbania,* Australia,* Austria, Belgium,* Benin,* Bulgaria, Chile,* Costa Rica,* Croatia,* Cyprus,* Czechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic,* Ecuador,* Estonia,* Fiji, Finland,* France, Georgia,* Germany, Greece,* Iceland,* Ireland,* Israel,* Italy, Latvia,* Liechtenstein,* Lithuania,* Luxembourg,* Malta,* Mexico, Monaco,* Mongolia,* Montenegro,* Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand,* North Macedonia,* Norway,* Peru,* Poland, Portugal,* Republic of Moldova,* Romania,* San Marino,* Slovakia,* Slovenia,* Spain,* Sweden,* Switzerland,* Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Uruguay: draft resolution48/… Question of the death penaltyThe Human Rights Council,Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and all other relevant international and regional human rights instruments, and reaffirming that all States must implement their obligations under international human rights law,Recalling also the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty,Recalling further General Assembly resolutions 62/149 of 18 December 2007, 63/168 of 18 December 2008, 65/206 of 21 December 2010, 67/176 of 20 December 2012, 69/186 of 18 December 2014, 71/187 of 19 December 2016, 73/175 of 17 December 2018 and 75/183 of 16 December 2020 on the question of a moratorium on the use of the death penalty,Reaffirming the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of persons facing the death penalty set out in the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May 1984, and the provisions regarding the implementation of the guidelines contained in Council resolutions 1989/64 of 24 May 1989 and 1996/15 of 23 July 1996,Recalling all resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights on the question of the death penalty, the last of which was resolution 2005/59 of 20 April 2005,Recalling also Human Rights Council decision 18/117 of 28 September 2011 on reporting by the Secretary-General on the question of the death penalty, Council resolution 22/11 of 21 March 2013 on a panel on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed, Council decision 22/117 of 21 March 2013 on a high-level * State not a member of the Human Rights Council.United Nations A/HRC/48/L.17/Rev.1General Assembly Distr.: Limited5 October 2021Original: EnglishA/HRC/48/L.17/Rev.12panel discussion on the question of the death penalty, and Council resolutions 26/2 of 26 June 2014, 30/5 of 1 October 2015, 36/17 of 29 September 2017 and 42/24 of 27 September 2019 on the question of the death penalty,Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the question of the death penalty, in the latest of which the Secretary-General focused on consequences arising from the lack of transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty for the enjoyment of human rights, and where he examined international legal aspects of transparency and discussed practices and challenges at the national level in ensuring such transparency, including relating to the right of access to information, the right to a fair trial, the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and the principles of non-discrimination and equality before the law,1Acknowledging the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty,2according to which the panel found that there was no evidence that the death penalty had a deterrent effect that reduced the crime rate,Mindful of the work of the special procedure mandate holders who have addressed human rights issues related to the death penalty, including the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers and the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism,Mindful also of the work undertaken by the treaty bodies to address human rights issues related to the death penalty,Recognizing the role of regional and subregional instruments and initiatives towards the abolition of the death penalty, which in some cases have led to the prohibition of the use of the death penalty,Welcoming the fact that the international trend towards the abolition of the death penalty is continuing and that many States are applying a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, and welcoming also all measures taken by States towards limiting the application of the death penalty,Noting that, according to the Human Rights Committee, States parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights that have abolished the death penalty are barred from reintroducing it, and noting also that the reinstatement of the death penalty by a State party to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a violation of international law,Noting also that States with different legal systems, traditions, cultures and religious backgrounds have abolished the death penalty or are applying a moratorium on its use,Strongly deploring the fact that the use of the death penalty leads to violations of the human rights of the persons facing the death penalty and of other affected persons,Emphasizing that lack of transparency in the use of the death penalty has direct consequences for the human rights of the persons sentenced to death and for other affected persons,Emphasizing also the importance of transparency to ensure that those in detention awaiting execution are treated humanely, with respect for their inherent dignity, and that their prison conditions comply with international standards, such as the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules),Noting that discrimination is aggravated when transparency does not exist or is insufficient, and that transparent reporting and access to information can expose discriminatory practices or impact in the imposition and application of the death penalty,Recalling that, particularly in cases of capital punishment, States must guarantee transparency in order to ensure that all persons benefit from due process guarantees, such as 1 A/HRC/48/29.2 A/HRC/48/38.A/HRC/48/L.17/Rev.13a fair and public trial and adequate assistance by legal counsel at every stage of proceedings, including during detention and arrest, without discrimination of any kind,Recalling also that derogation from the right to life is never permitted, even during a state of emergency, and noting further that since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)pandemic, additional limitations on transparency and due process were recorded in some countries, including for death penalty cases, negatively affecting the rights of convictedpersons and their family members,Recalling further that persons sentenced to death, their families and their lawyers should be provided with timely and reliable information on the procedures and timing of appeals, clemency petitions and executions,Stressing that the term “the most serious crimes” has consistently been read restrictively and interpreted as pertaining only to crimes of extreme gravity involving intentional killing, and stressing also that under no circumstances can the death penalty ever be applied as a sanction against specific forms of conduct, such as apostasy, blasphemy, adultery, consensual same-sex conduct or relations, establishing political opposition groups or offending a head of State, and that States parties that retain the death penalty for such offences commit a violation of their international obligations,Stressing also the need to examine further in which circumstances the imposition or application of the death penalty violates the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including because of the death row phenomenon, the methods of execution or the lack of transparency around executions,Emphasizing that access to consular assistance for foreign nationals, provided for in the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, is an important aspect of the protection of those facing the death penalty abroad,Acknowledging the interest in studying the question of the death penalty, as well as in holding local, national, regional and international debates related thereto,Emphasizing the importance for the effectiveness and transparency of debates on the death penalty of ensuring that the public has access to balanced information, including accurate information and statistics on criminality and the various effective ways to combat it without resorting to capital punishment,1. Urges all States to protect the rights of persons facing the death penalty and other affected persons by complying with their international obligations;2. Calls upon States that have not yet acceded to or ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, to consider doing so;3. Urges States that have not yet abolished the death penalty to ensure transparency in the imposition and application of this punishment, and to respect all other international minimum safeguards for the protection of the human rights of individuals who are facing the death penalty, as set [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/RES/42/24 ) [579] => Array ( [objectID] => 18810 [title] => La seconda lettera. Corrispondenza con un condannato a morte. [timestamp] => 1622592000 [date] => 02/06/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/la-seconda-lettera-corrispondenza-con-un-condannato-a-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => James Aren Duckett è detenuto nell'FSP (Florida State Prison) dal 30 giugno 1988, a seguito della condanna per lo stupro e l'uccisione di una bambina di 11 anni. In questi 33 anni, Jim, così lo chiamano gli amici e i suoi cari, lotta con i suoi legali per affermare la propria innocenza e per evidenziare le incongruenze e i malfunzionamenti del sistema giudiziario (e carcerario) degli Stati Uniti d'America. Oltre alla sua storia, la corrispondenza con l'autrice, iniziata nel 2012 e tuttora attiva, svela pensieri, paure e riflessioni di Jim, eternamente sospeso tra l'attesa di un responso e la vita in un carcere di massima sicurezza. Una preziosa testimonianza, la sua, che impone il rifiuto dell'idea che la Giustizia passi attraverso la pena di morte. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://books.google.fr/books/about/La_seconda_lettera_Corrispondenza_con_un.html?id=90i9zgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y ) [580] => Array ( [objectID] => 16094 [title] => ISOLATION AND DESOLATION CONDITIONS OF DETENTION OF PEOPLE SENTENCED TO DEATH MALAYSIA – Bahasa Melayu [timestamp] => 1622073600 [date] => 27/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-conditions-detention-malaysia-bahasa-melayu/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Isolation and Desolation - Conditions of Detention of People Sentenced to Death in Malaysia is the first ever fact-finding mission report on the conditions of detention of death row prisoners in Malaysia. It examines the use of death penalty in Malaysia as well as the actual situation of people on death row. This report is not meant to point fingers but rather to put the facts on the table in a transparent manner and work from there. It is mainly an advocacy tool for all abolitionist stakeholders, from civil society actors to the parliamentarians who will keep fighting for the abolition of the death penalty.---------------------------------------Isolation and Desolation – Conditions of Detention of People Sentenced to Death di Malaysia adalah satu-satunya laporan berasaskan misi mengkaji fakta (fact-finding mission) mengenai keadaan-keadaan penahanan bagi banduan-banduan hukuman mati di Malaysia.Laporan ini mengkaji pelaksanaan hukuman mati di Malaysia dan juga keadaan sebenar orang-orang yang dijatuhkan hukuman mati. Laporan ini bukan bertujuan untuk menunding jari terhadap mana-mana pihak, tetapi bertujuan untuk memberi pencerahan kepada fakta-fakta yang ditemui dan berusaha ke atasnya. Laporan ini bertujuan utama sebagai alat advokasi kepada semua pihak yang mempunyai kepentingan dalam pemansuhan, bermula dari ahli persatuan kemasyarakatan sehingga ahli parlimen yang akan berusaha berterusan untuk memansuhkan hukuman mati. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquete-Malaisie-GB-2019-280420-WEB.pdf ) [581] => Array ( [objectID] => 16092 [title] => Isolation and desolation conditions of detention of people sentenced to death Malaysia [timestamp] => 1622073600 [date] => 27/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-conditions-of-detention-malaysia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Isolation and Desolation - Conditions of Detention of People Sentenced to Death in Malaysia is the first ever fact-finding mission report on the conditions of detention of death row prisoners in Malaysia. It examines the use of death penalty in Malaysia as well as the actual situation of people on death row. This report is not meant to point fingers but rather to put the facts on the table in a transparent manner and work from there. It is mainly an advocacy tool for all abolitionist stakeholders, from civil society actors to the parliamentarians who will keep fighting for the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => "INTRODUCTIONRationale for this report Little is known about the conditions under which death row prisonersare held in Malaysia. There are currently 1,280 men and womenon death row in the country, following trials that do not alwaysrespect basic international principles. Recent reports have beenpublished, illustrating violations of the right to a fair trial in deathpenalty cases.1 Our report is not intended to duplicate what hasbeen reported in other studies. It aims, through the testimonies ofseveral death row prisoners still in detention, of their families andof religious organisations working in prisons, to take stock of thesituation of those sentenced to death, at a time when the authoritiesare questioning the total abolition of the death penalty. The firstpart of this report will analyse the history of the death penalty in thecountry. The second part will review the main stages of the criminaland clemency processes. The third part will detail the conditions ofdetention of persons sentenced to death. The fourth part will givethe floor to the families of those sentenced to death. The fifth andfinal part will provide some information on the execution process.""Presentation of MalaysiaMalaysia is a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural country, located inSoutheast Asia. It is composed of 13 states (Negeri) and 3 federalterritories (Wilayah Persekutuan), separated by the South China Seainto two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia.Malaysia’s population, of more than 32,000,000 inhabitants,2 comprisesthree main ethnic groups: 62% Bumiputera (literally translated as “sonof the land”, representing the Malays and the natives of Sabah and Sarawak), 21% Chinese and 6% Indian.3 Ethnicity plays an importantrole in Malaysian politics. Since independence, successive governmentshave taken affirmative actions to advance the rights of Bumiputeraover other groups by giving them preferential treatment in many areas,including education, employment or business. Islam is recognised asMalaysia’s established religion. The Malaysian Constitution grantsfreedom of religion to non-Muslims.Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy. The Federal Head of State isthe Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commonly referred to as the “King”, whomainly plays a ceremonial role, but is of paramount importance inthe clemency process in death penalty cases. Malaysia is governedby a Prime Minister. From independence in 1957 until 2018, thecountry was ruled by a coalition of parties led by the United MalaysNational Organisation (UMNO). During this period, the number ofcrimes punishable by the mandatory4 or discretionary death penaltysteadily increased and included various offences such as: murder, firearms offences, drug trafficking, terrorism, etc., making Malaysiaone of the countries that executed the most convicts in the world.469 people have been executed since Malaysia’s independence,including 229 for drug trafficking.5In 2018, the new coalition party Pakatan Harapan won the elections,ending more than 60 years of UMNO rule. Despite statementsannouncing the full abolition of the death penalty, the newgovernment, led by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, declaredin 2019 that it would abolish only the mandatory death penalty.A Special Committee to Review Alternative Punishments to theMandatory Death Penalty has been set up and has submitted itsreport, which had not yet been made public. In February 2020, after2 years of hope for renewal in the country, Mahathir Mohamadresigned, undermined by internal quarrels within the ruling partyand his inability to deliver on his election promises. In March 2020,he was replaced by Muhyiddin Yassin, who defected from the rulingcoalition and allied himself with the UMNO party""Overview of the death penalty in MalaysiaThe legislative framework of the death penaltyWhile the Federal Constitution recognises the right to life, itprovides for exceptions. Section 5 of the Constitution providesthat: “No person may be deprived of life or personal liberty exceptin accordance with law.”6 Malaysian law provides for the deathpenalty for more than 20 offences. The death penalty is mandatoryby law for several offences, including murder and offences relatedto terrorism, making Malaysia one of the few countries where thejudiciary has no discretion in capital cases. Malaysia allows theapplication of Shariah law in Islamic courts, but those courts cannottry capital cases.""Many of these capital offences do not involve any element ofintentional killing, such as drug trafficking or kidnapping. Theimposition of the death penalty in such cases is contrary tointernationally recognised human rights standards, in particular theUnited Nations (UN) Death Penalty Safeguards recommendations,endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 1984, which state that“Capital punishment may be imposed only for the most seriouscrimes, it being understood that their scope should not gobeyond intentional crimes with lethal or other extremely graveconsequences.”7 The prohibition of the imposition of the deathpenalty for all but the “Most serious crimes” is also provided inArticle 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights(ICCPR). Although Malaysia has not ratified several internationalhuman rights treaties,8 including the ICCPR, the Malaysiangovernment has repeatedly asserted that its legislation is inconformity with the ICCPR.9 In October 2018, the UN Human RightsCommittee clarified the term “Most serious crimes”: “The term ‘themost serious crimes’ must be read restrictively and appertain onlyto crimes of extreme gravity, involving intentional killing. Crimes. and sexual offences, although serious in nature, can never serveas the basis, within the framework of Article 6, for the impositionof the death penalty.”10 In addition, the use of the death penalty tocombat drug-related crimes and the imposition of mandatory deathpenalty have been identified as clear violations of international lawby UN Special Rapporteurs on Summary Executions and on Torture.11Certain categories of persons are excluded from capital punishment.The execution of pregnant women is prohibited: the law provides forthe commutation of the death penalty to life imprisonment oncepregnancy has been proven.12 No death sentence may be passedon people who commit an offence when they are under 18 years ofage.13 In addition, the legislation provides that people, “By reason ofunsoundness of mind, are incapable of knowing the nature of theact, or that [they are] doing what is either wrong or contrary to law”,do not commit criminal offences.14 Therefore, according to the law,""they cannot be sentenced to death. Nevertheless, this is not alwaysthe case. Osariakhi Ernest Obyangbon, a Nigerian citizen sentencedto death in 2000, was diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia in2007, before his appeal. His sentence to death was upheld by thecourt. He was spared execution in 2014 after strong protests byhuman rights organisations. His sentence was commuted in 2017,10 years after his diagnosis.15The method of execution is by hanging.161,280 people on death row in December 2019Until recently, the Malaysian authorities did not publish detaileddata on the implementation of death penalty in the country. Dataon death sentences have therefore been estimated by humanrights NGOs, based on the limited information provided by theauthorities or by the families of people sentenced to death. Thislack of transparency does not comply with the UN Economic andSocial Council’s 1989 Resolution, which urged Member States “Topublish, for each category of offence for which the death penaltyis authorized, and if possible on an annual basis, information aboutthe use of the death penalty, including the number of personssentenced to death, the number of executions actually carried out,the number of persons under sentence of death, the number ofdeath sentences reversed or commuted on appeal and the numberof instances in which clemency has been granted, and to includeinformation on the extent to which the safeguards referred toabove are incorporated in national law.”17 In 2018, disaggregateddata were made available for the first time to international humanrights organisations, which showed that the number of personssentenced to death was much higher than previously recorded. Theestimated data presented in Table 2 below are therefore partial,but nevertheless provide interesting trends.In the last 10 years, the number of death sentences has increasedconsiderably, due to the hard-line policy against drug-related crimes.18 72% of all death sentences recorded in 2018 relate todrug offences.19 As Harm Reduction International notes in its 2019report, “While the overall death row population grew 13.8% between2017 and 2018, death row prisoners for drug offences specificallyincreased by 38% during the same period.”20 In December 2019,the Minister of Home Affairs reported to the Parliament that1,280 persons were awaiting execution in Malaysian prisons,21 70%of whom were convicted of drug trafficking. This is a significantincrease since 2011, when 696 people were awaiting execution inMalaysian prisons.22 That is a very large number of people on deathrow, and one of the highest numbers in the world.23 Compared tothe situation in other countries, the proportion of people on deathrow among the prison population is 14 times higher in Malaysiathan in the United States.24 In addition, while 1,280 people are ondeath row in Malaysia, the number of people on death row in theUnited States is 2,656 in 2019, with a population 10 times higher. ""The vast majority of the 1,280 persons on death row has beenconvicted for drug trafficking. According to December 2019 data,persons on death row were convicted of the following offences: 70%for drug trafficking (899 persons), 27% for murder (350 persons), 1%for firearms offences (15 persons), 0.6% for crimes against the rulerof the State27 (8), 0.4% for kidnapping (5), 0.2% for gang robberyand murder (2), and 0.1% for a [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquete-Malaisie-GB-2019-280420-WEB.pdf ) [582] => Array ( [objectID] => 16083 [title] => Issues and recommendations to raise with the government of Malawi [timestamp] => 1622073600 [date] => 27/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/statement-malawi-68sessionachpr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => OverviewThis document has been prepared by the Community of Sant’Egidio, Reprieve and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty to assist the Commissioners ahead of the 2nd/3rd periodic report of the Government of Malawi that covers the reporting period of 2015-2019. [texte] => "The Community of Sant'Egidio was founded in 1968 and has since become a network of more than 70 countries tied together by values of peace and providing assistance to the poor. The Community has consistently advocated against the death penalty, and in 2002, launched the first International Day Cities for Life - Cities against the Death Penalty on 30 November. Approximately 80 cities were involved for the first edition in 2002. Now more than 2150 cities have rallied around the initiative - including 80 capitals in five continents, taking part in the event by raising public awareness, promoting educational initiatives and organising events held in symbolic monuments and squares. The Community of Sant'Egidio in Malawi contributed to this report.Reprieve is an international legal action charity that was founded in 1999 (UK charity registration no. 1114900). Reprieve provides support to some of the world's most vulnerable people, including people sentenced to death and those victimized by states’ abusive counter-terrorism policies. Based in London, but with offices and partners throughout the world, Reprieve is currently working on behalf of 70 people facing the death penalty in 16 countries, including Malawi. Reprieve's vision is a world free of execution, torture and detention without due process.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition. The World Coalition headquarters are based in Montreuil, France. ""Summary Malawi has a de facto moratorium on executions and has not executed anyone since the new Constitution was enacted in 1994. The last known execution was in 1992. As a result of the landmark 2007 Supreme Court judgment in Kafantayeni v Attorney General of Malawi, individuals convicted of murder are no longer automatically sentenced to death and instead, evidence of an offender’s age, good character, difficult upbringing, mental health, and other factors are considered in mitigation. After a further Supreme Court judgment in 2010, all individuals automatically sentenced to death before 2007 became entitled to a new sentencing hearing where the judge would consider mitigating circumstances. In order to facilitate the new sentencing hearings, a group of stakeholders formed the Malawi Resentencing Project, through which the High Court provided new, constitutional sentences to approximately 154 people between February 2015 and September 2017. The project was immensely successful, garnering international accolades, media coverage, and awards, including the World Justice Prize for the stakeholders involved in coordinating and carrying out the project. As a result of the project, 155 individuals were resentenced to terms of years, 146 of whom have been released after serving sentences ranging from 15 to 42 years. Of these, at least 16 people were identified as being children at the time of the offence for which they were sentenced to death. Only one person was resentenced to life in prison. None were re-sentenced to death. Most of those released returned to their home villages. ""After the conclusion of the resentencing hearings, the Resentencing Project sought to take qualitative and quantitative survey evidence from the home villages of those individuals who had been released as a result of the Project. In particular, the survey sought to gather evidence on views of traditional leaders who oversee communities where people who were formerly sentenced to death have been released and reintegrated. This experience gives the leaders a unique view of the death penalty. One leader surveyed concluded that he no longer supported the death penalty because ""prison is for reform, and there is no reform in death."" In all, 94% of the traditional leaders surveyed said that they didn’t want the death penalty to continue to be a punishment in Malawi. They said they prefer rehabilitation.Very few death sentences have been handed down in recent years. No one was sentenced to death between March 2016 and May 2019 (the close of the reporting period), at which point there were only 15 people on death row in Malawi. However, between May 2019 and time of writing, the country has taken what will hopefully be a temporary step back, issuing 12 new death sentences. In the recent cases where the death sentences were imposed, there are concerns that Legal Aid did not have sufficient time, personnel and resources to conduct effective mitigation investigations and make comprehensive submissions. There have also been documented cases of torture against suspects in death-eligible cases, including at least one case where police killed the suspect, Buleya Lule, through torture by electrocution. Evidence extracted through torture and forced confessions have been admitted in court in most recent death penalty cases. ""Importantly, there have not been automatic commutations for those with death sentences to life in prison since 2005. Prior to 2005, all those sentenced to death received regular, automatic commutations from the President as part of holiday celebrations. Since 2005, these commutations have ceased entirely, though they have been reported to be ongoing in public documents. This is likely a result of misunderstanding and miscommunication, due to the lack of guidelines and processes around commutation. The clemency process, to the extent that it has been formalized, is opaque and inaccessible to prisoners. Despite this, in general terms, Malawi seems to be on track towards abolition.Malawi demonstrated its increasing openness to abolition of the death penalty by changing its vote from abstention to votes in favour of the past three UNGA Resolutions for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty (in 2016, 2018 and 2020).Malawi’s previous report to the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights was examined in 2015. In its Concluding Observations, the African Commission recommended that the Government of Malawi adopt an official moratorium on the death penalty as the next step towards definitive abolition and ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR.""Recommendations1.That the Government of Malawi to take further steps toward abolition, including by issuing a formal moratorium on executions.2.That the Government of Malawi to continue its laudable record of voting in favour of the UNGA resolution on a moratorium, as It did again in 2020. 3.That the Government of Malawi to take specific steps to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) on the abolition of death penalty, as recommended in the Concluding Observations of the ACHPR in 2015.4.That the Government of Malawi to issue regular, automatic commutations to life for all those who are sentenced to death. 5.That the Government of Malawi to formalise and provide transparency on its clemency and pardon procedures.6.That the Government of Malawi to uphold the ruling and jurisprudence from the Kafantayeni case and related resentencing project by ensuring consideration of all relevant mitigating factors in every capital case, including ensuring all actors in the proceedings have resources to conduct proper investigation and present mitigation.7.That the Government of Malawi to ensure courts abide by minimum standards for fair trials.8.That the Government of Malawi ensure that every person who is sentenced to death is able to access an appeal, as guaranteed by Malawi Criminal Procedure and Evidence Code, sec. 324 and Section 42(f) of the Constitution. 9.That the Government of Malawi uphold its commitment to the Convention Against Torture and Section 19 of the Constitution of Malawi by preventing torture against suspects and making it illegal to use torture-tainted evidence in court. The Government of Malawi should pass domestic legalisation revising Section 176 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence code, which currently allows forced confessions to be admitted in evidence.10.That the Government of Malawi to ensure that each accused person in a capital case receives effective independent legal representation." [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/2021_Malawi_68sessionACHPR_statement.pdf ) [583] => Array ( [objectID] => 16068 [title] => Editorial: Amnesty International releases annual report [timestamp] => 1622073600 [date] => 27/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/editorial-amnesty-international-releases-annual-report/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/amnesty-international-report-2021-500x250.jpg [extrait] => On 21 April, we published our annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows that in 2020 the world got one step closer to freeing itself from this cruel punishment. [texte] => On 21 April, we published our annual report on the global use of the death penalty, which shows that in 2020 the world got one step closer to freeing itself from this cruel punishment. (more…) "Editorial: Amnesty International releases annual report" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [584] => Array ( [objectID] => 16044 [title] => Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1621987200 [date] => 26/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tenth-quinquennial-report-unsg/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => SummaryIn its resolution 1745 (LIV) of 16 May 1973, the Economic and Social Council invited the Secretary-General to submit to it, at five-year intervals starting from 1975, periodic updated and analytical reports on capital punishment. The Council, in its resolution 1995/57 of 28 July 1995, recommended that the quinquennial reports of the Secretary-General continue to cover also the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. In the same resolution, the Council requested the Secretary-General, in preparing the quinquennial report, to draw on all available data, including current criminological research. The present report, which is the tenth quinquennial report, contains a review of the use of and trends in capital punishment, including the implementa tion of the safeguards during the period 2014–2018.In accordance with resolutions 1745 (LIV) and 1990/51, of 24 July 1990, of the Economic and Social Council, as well as its decision 2005/247 of 22 July 2005, the present report is submitted to the Council at its substantive session of 2020, and will also be before the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its twenty-ninth session and the Human Rights Council at its forty-fourth regular session.The report on the 2014–2018 quinquennium confirms the trend documented in previous reports towards abolition and restriction of the use of capital punishment in most countries. The number of States that have abolished the death penalty in law and in practice continued to grow. This is reflected in the increased number of States bound by treaty obligations not to implement the death penalty. The quinquennium also witnessed some years of dramatic increases in the number of executions, which were carried out by a small number of States. The situation stabilized at the end of the survey period, and the number of recorded executions in the final year, 2018, was the lowest in many years. The safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty apply to States that retain capital punishment. It is of concern, however, that the death penalty continued to be imposed on persons below 18 years of age at the time of commission of the offence, and that death sentences were imposed in cases where the “most serious crimes” standard was not met and in cases of trials that did not comply with international standards. [texte] => "Introduction1. The present report, prepared pursuant to Economic and Social Councilresolutions 1754 (LIV) of 16 May 1973 and 1995/57 of 28 July 1995, and Councildecision 2005/247 of 22 July 2005, is the tenth quinquennial report of theSecretary-General on capital punishment. 1 It covers the period 2014–2018 andreviews developments in the use of capital punishment. In accordance with Councilresolution 1989/64 of 24 May 1989, the report also covers the implementation of thesafeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. Inthe same resolutions, the Council requested the Secretary-General, in preparing thequinquennial report, to draw on all available data, including current criminologicalresearch.""Background and scope2. All United Nations Member States were invited to contribute information to thepresent report by means of a detailed questionnaire (the “survey questionnaire”). 2Inthe present report, States are classified by death penalty status as at 1 January 2014,making it possible to chart changes over the five-year period up to the end ofDecember 2018, as well as to make comparisons with the results of previousquinquennial reports, which used a similar method of analysis. The followingcategories are used:(a) Abolitionist for all crimes, whether in time of peace or war;(b) Abolitionist for ordinary crimes, meaning that the death penalty has beenabolished for all ordinary offences committed in peacetime, such as those containedin the criminal code or those recognized in common law (for example, murder, rapeand robbery with violence), and that the death penalty is retained only for exceptionalcircumstances, such as military offences in wartime, or crimes against the State, suchas treason, terrorism or armed insurrection;(c) Abolitionist de facto, that is, States and territories in which the deathpenalty remains lawful and death sentences may still be pronounced but executionshave not taken place for 10 years. States and territories that carried out exe cutionswithin the previous 10 years but have made an international commitment through theestablishment of an official moratorium are also designated as de facto abolitionist;(d) Retentionist in practice, that is, States in which the death penalty rema inslawful and that have conducted executions during the previous 10 years.3. Although the present report deals with the period covered by the survey,significant developments that took place during 2019 and are relevant to the law andpractice of capital punishment have been noted so as to make the conclusions of thereport as current as possible.4. Survey questionnaires were returned by 60 States, 3 which is six more than forthe previous report, in 2015. 5. In order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the situation, andin accordance with resolution 1995/57, in which the Council requested theSecretary-General to draw on all available data, including current criminologicalresearch, and to invite the comments of specialized agencies, intergovernmentalorganizations and non-governmental organizations in consultative status with theCouncil on the question of capital punishment, information on the use of the deathpenalty was drawn from other sources, including the summary reports of high-levelpanel discussions requested by the Human Rights Council, 4annual reports submittedby the Secretary-General at the request of the Council5and reports submitted by theSecretary-General at the request of the General Assembly, 6in accordance with therelevant resolutions and decisions. 7 Documents produced in the course of theuniversal periodic review as well as those produced by treaty bodies and the specialprocedures of the Council also provided valuable information. The followingnon-governmental organizations submitted reports and written statements: AmnestyInternational, Death Penalty Focus, Fundación Luz María, the International HarmReduction Association and the Japan Federation of Bar Associations.""Changes in the status of the death penalty, 2014–20186. At the end of December 2018, 167 States were deemed abolitionist either in lawor in practice and 30 States were classified as retentionist. This compares with159 abolitionist States and 38 retentionist States at the end of the previousquinquennium (2009–2013). During the survey period 2014–2018, no State that hadpreviously become abolitionist, either in law or in practice, reverted to the use ofcapital punishment.""States that had abolished the death penalty for all crimes by thebeginning of 20148. At the beginning of 2014, 101 States had abolished the death penalty for allcrimes, compared with 95 in 2009, 79 in 2004, and 70 in 1999. No fully abolitionistState reintroduced the death penalty during the survey period. By the end of thequinquennium, in 2018, 109 States were abolitionist for all crimes. Fiji, which hadbeen abolitionist for ordinary crimes from the time of independence, abolished capitalpunishment in all circumstances in 2015. Several States, namely, Benin, the Congo,Guinea, Madagascar, Mongolia, Nauru and Suriname, that were previously classifiedas de facto abolitionist moved to the de jure abolitionist category either by the enactment of legislation or by judicial decision. Two States, the Gambia a nd Liberia,are listed as fully abolitionist de jure by virtue of their ratification of the SecondOptional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aimingat the abolition of the death penalty,8 despite the fact that they still have domesticlegislation in force that allows for capital punishment.9. Of the States that responded to the survey questionnaire, 40 identifiedthemselves as abolitionist de jure. When asked whether there had been any attemptsto reintroduce capital punishment through changes in legislation, none of themanswered in the affirmative. "States that had abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes by the beginning of 2014 10. At the beginning of 2014, seven States, namely, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Fiji, Israel, Kazakhstan and Peru, had abolished the death penalty for ordinary offences governed by the criminal code or similar legislation, but not for certain special offences against the State (usually treason) or offences under the military code committed in wartime. None of those States recorded any executions during the quinquennium. 11. During the survey period, Fiji became fully abolitionist. Three States, Burkina Faso, Chad and Guatemala, enacted legislation abolishing the death penalty for ordinary crimes. In Burkina Faso, provisions allowing for capital punishment in the Penal Code were repealed by Parliament, although capital punishment remained possible under the Military Justice Code. Draft legislation and a new draft constitution in Burkina Faso provided for full abolition. 9 In Guatemala, the Constitutional Court declared death penalty provisions in the Penal Code and the Anti-Narcotics Law to be invalid, although capital punishment under the Military Code remained possible. In Chad, the new Criminal Code, adopted in 2017, abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes, retaining it for acts of terrorism. 10 The Government of Chad informed the Human Rights Council that the legislation was under review and that it was in support of abolishing the death penalty completely. 11 Burkina Faso and Guatemala were deemed de facto abolitionist and have not conducted executions for many years, while Chad held several executions for terrorism-related offences in 2015. 12. Article 2 of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights permits States to ratify or accede with a reservation allowing the death penalty “in time of war pursuant to a conviction for a most serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime”. The provision has been invoked by 10 States parties to the Protocol. When it ratified the Protocol in 2014, El Salvador made reference to its Constitution, stating that the death penalty might be imposed only in the cases provided under the military laws during an international state of war. Several States objected that the reservation was inconsistent with article 2 of the Protocol.12 __________________ 8 United Nations, Treaty Series, v"De facto abolitionist States at the beginning of 201413. At the beginning of the quinquennium, in January 2014, 51 States could bedescribed as de facto abolitionist. Over the five years of the survey, seven States,namely, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Uganda,Zimbabwe and the State of Palestine, became de facto abolitionist, either because10 years had elapsed without an execution or because they had declared an officialmoratorium. Twenty-five of the 49 States deemed de facto abolitionist at the end ofthe survey period had not conducted an execution for 25 years or more.14. In reports to the Human Rights Council and the treaty bodies and in replies tothe survey questionnaire, 20 States that had not conducted an execution for at least10 years described themselves as having a de facto moratorium, namely, Algeria, 13Armenia,14 Barbados,15 Eritrea,16 Eswatini,17 Grenada,18 Guinea,19 Jamaica,20 the LaoPeople’s Democratic Republic, 21 Lebanon, 22 Mali, 23 Mauritania, 24 Morocco, 25Myanmar, 26 Nigeria, 27 the Republic of Korea, 28 Saint Lucia, 29 Sri Lanka, 30Tajikistan 31 and Zambia. 32 The Niger stated that it had imposed no officialmoratorium, even though it had not conducted an execution since 1976 and had votedin favour of the General Assembly resolution on a moratorium on the use of the deathpenalty.33 It said that it was committed to the abolition of the death penalty but hadchosen to conduct awareness campaigns on the issue, with the assistance ofinternational partners, until the conditions for abolition were met. 34 In its response tothe questionnaire, Israel, which records only two executions in its entire history, thelast dating to 1962, said that there [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/E/2020/53 ) [585] => Array ( [objectID] => 16035 [title] => Death sentences and executions 2020 [timestamp] => 1621987200 [date] => 26/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2020. As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: - official figures; - judgements; - information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives; - media reports; - and, for a limited number of countries, other civil society organizations. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, , such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countries governments do not publish information on their use of the death penalty. In China and Viet Nam, data on the use of the death penalty is classified as a state secret. During 2020 little or no information was available on some countries – in particular Laos and North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) – due to restrictive state practice. [texte] => Amnesty International is a movement of 10 million people which mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaign for change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our vision is of a world where those in power keep their promises, respect international law and are held to account. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarity and compassion with people everywhere can change our societies for the better."NOTE ON AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S FIGURES ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2020. As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures; judgements; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives; media reports; and, for a limited number of countries, other civil society organizations. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. In many countries governments do not publish information ontheir use of the death penalty. In China and Viet Nam, data on the use of the death penaltyis classified as a state secret. During 2020 little or no information was available on somecountries – in particular Laos and North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) – dueto restrictive state practice. ""Therefore, for many countries, Amnesty International’s figures on the use of the death penaltyare minimum figures. The true figures are likely to be higher. Where the organization obtainsofficial information on a specific country in a given year, this is noted in the report. In 2009 Amnesty International stopped publishing its estimated figures on the use of the death penalty in China, a decision that reflected concerns about how the Chinese authorities misrepresented Amnesty International’s numbers. Amnesty International always made clear that the figures it was able to publish on China were significantly lower than the reality, because of the restrictions on access to information. China has yet to publish any figures on the death penalty; however, available information indicates that each year thousands of people are executed and sentenced to death. Amnesty International renews its call on the Chinese authorities to publish information on the use of the death penalty in China.""In tables and lists, where “+” appears after a figure next to the name of a country – forexample, Malaysia (22+) – it means that Amnesty International confirmed 22 executions,death sentences or persons under sentence of death in Malaysia but believes that there weremore than 22. Where “+” appears after a country name without a figure – for instance, Syria(+) – it means that Amnesty International has corroborated executions, death sentencesor persons under sentence of death (more than one) in that country but had insufficientinformation to provide a credible minimum figure. When calculating global and regional totals,“+” has been counted as 2, including for China. Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of the nature or circumstances of the crime; guilt, innocence or other characteristics of the individual; or the method used by the state to carry out the execution. The organization campaigns for total abolition of capital punishment."“A modern system of criminal justice must be reasonably accurate, fair, humane, and timely. Our recent experience with the Federal Government’s resumption of executions adds to the mounting body of evidence that the death penalty cannot be reconciled with those values.” Stephen Breyer, Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court, 16 July 2020GLOBAL TRENDS The year 2020 was marked by a further global decline in the use of the death penalty, and while the Covid-19 pandemic contributed to reductions in the number of executions carried out and death sentences imposed, it also exacerbated the inherent cruelty of this punishment. The number of known executions decreased by 26% compared to the 2019 total, continuing the year-on-year reduction recorded since 2015 and once again reaching the lowest figure in more than 10 years. The number of known executing countries (18) decreased by 2 compared to 2019 and confirmed that the resort to executions remained confined to a minority of countries. The significant drop was primarily linked to important reductions in executions in two of the countries that have historically reported high execution figures, Iraq and Saudi Arabia; and to a lesser extent some hiatuses that took place in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. In the USA, the surge in federal executions was balanced out in the national count mostly because of new stays of execution – or slower pursuit of warrants– in some US states, as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic. Six of the judicial reprieves granted in the USA in 2020 specifically referred to the Covid-19 pandemic. In Singapore executions were put on [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5037602021ENGLISH.PDF ) [586] => Array ( [objectID] => 27203 [title] => Extending borders of knowledge: gendered pathways to prison in Thailand for international cross border drug trafficking [timestamp] => 1621987200 [date] => 26/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extending-borders-of-knowledge-gendered-pathways-to-prison-in-thailand-for-international-cross-border-drug-trafficking/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study compares the prison trajectories of women and men involved in international cross-border drug trafficking (ICBDT) in Thailand, identifying shared and gendered pathways, including a unique romantic susceptibility trajectory for women. [texte] => Skip to main contentAn official website of the United States governmentPMC home pagePrimary site navigationSearch PMC Full-Text Archive Advanced Search Journal List User GuideAs a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health.Learn more: PMC Disclaimer | PMC Copyright NoticePsychiatry, Psychology, and Law logoPsychiatr Psychol Law. 2021 May 26;28(6):909–933. doi: 10.1080/13218719.2021.1894263Extending borders of knowledge: gendered pathways to prison in Thailand for international cross border drug traffickingSamantha Jeffries a,✉, Prarthana Rao b, Chontit Chuenurah b, Michelle Fitz-Gerald aaSchool of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, AustraliabOffice of the Bangkok Rules and Treatment of Offenders, Thailand Institute of Justice, Bangkok, Thailand✉Correspondence: Samantha Jeffries, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Queensland, Australia. Email: s.jeffries@griffith.edu.auPMCID: PMC9176368 PMID: 35694652AbstractFew researchers have concerned themselves with qualitative gender-comparative studies of women’s and men’s prison trajectories – particularly appraisals relating to international cross border drug trafficking (ICBDT). Using life history interviews with prisoners incarcerated in three regions of Thailand, we describe, examine and compare the features of women’s and men’s pathways to prison for ICBDT. Overall, the findings point to both similarities and divergences in experiences by gender. Three pathways to prison emerged for both women and men: (1) ‘deviant’ lifestyle, (2) economic familial provisioning and (3) inexperience and deception. However, gendered variance was found within these pathways; an additional woman-only trajectory, the romantic susceptibility pathway, was also identified.Keywords: international cross border drug trafficking, ICBDT, drug couriers, drug mules, gender, Thailand, Southeast Asia, feminist pathwaysIntroductionThe ‘war on drugs’ (global and domestic) and its associated prohibitionist policies and harsh punishments for drug-related crime have contributed greatly to the growth in women’s incarceration numbers around the world (Inter-American Commission of Women, 2014; Penal Reform International, 2016). For example, since the war on drugs began, female prison populations have evidenced a steady increase in the number of women incarcerated for international cross border drug trafficking (ICBDT; see Fleetwood, 2014; Kensy et al., 2012; Unlu & Ekici, 2012). Although most people arrested for ICBDT are men, women comprise a significant minority (Banks, 2011; Barnoux & Wood, 2013; Fleetwood, 2014; Penal Reform International, 2016). It is estimated that women represent around 20% of the drug traffickers arrested worldwide (Fleetwood & Haas, 2011).In Thailand, the government has taken a particularly punitive approach to illicit drugs (particularly methamphetamine) since the 1990s. This culminated in an official drug ‘war’ being declared in February 2003. The Thai government’s objective was to reduce both use and availability. The chosen method was strict law enforcement and harsh sentencing regimes. Drug offenders of ‘whatever nature’ were ‘indiscriminately imprisoned’ (Junlakan et al., 2013). Furthermore, over a three-month period in early 2003, the drug war escalated with the extrajudicial killings of over 2000 suspected drug dealers and traffickers (Cohen, 2014; Jeffries, 2014; Jeffries & Chuenurah, 2016; Junlakan et al., 2013).Unsurprisingly, given this hard-line approach to illicit drugs, Thailand’s prison population has risen steeply since the early 1990s and drug offenders are significantly overrepresented. Furthermore, the drug war has disproportionately impacted women; although data specific to the number of women incarcerated in Thailand for ICBDT are unavailable, we do know that – compared to men – drug offenders constitute a higher percentage of the female prison population (Jeffries, 2014; Jeffries & Chuenurah, 2016). For example, Jeffries and Chuenurah’s (2016) study of imprisonment trends in Thailand from 2003 to 2013 found that, compared to men, far higher proportions of the female sentenced prison population were incarcerated for a drug offence over the period (72 to 89% compared to 45 to 65%).In 2009 the United Nations (UN) advocated for international collaboration to address women’s involvement in ICBDT (Fleetwood & Haas, 2011), yet there is a relative paucity of studies exploring the potential gendered conditions occasioning imprisonment for these offences. Currently, ICBDT research is ordinarily focused on quantitatively charting international drug markets and organised transitional criminal networks, and there is no consideration of women as drug traffickers or the gendered nature of ICBDT (e.g. Bright et al., 2019; Chin & Zang, 2015; Reid et al., 2006; Wood, 2017). Research exploring ICBDT as a conceivably gendered happening is scant – and of the studies published, most have focused exclusively on women (Fleetwood, 2014; Fleetwood et al., 2015).The results from this limited body of work suggest that women who participate in ICBDT are often first-time offenders with negligible links to organised crime, and that their role is characterised by a lack of control; namely, women are often unaware of what they are carrying and are subjugated to various degrees (Fleetwood & Haas, 2011). Women living with vulnerabilities are frequently targeted and groomed by recruiters (commonly men), and remuneration is minimal while the risks of apprehension and incarceration are high (Kensy et al., 2012). Women drug couriers are invariably under-educated, impoverished and primarily responsible for familial economic provisioning. Gendered vulnerability – including the feminisation of poverty1 – and the confines of familial caregiving restrict women’s choices, impelling them into ICBDT. Other typical susceptibilities include extensive victimisation histories, associated trauma and general life chaos, all of which increase women’s vulnerability to being exploited by recruiters (Bailey, 2013; Fleetwood, 2014; Sudbury, 2005).Some women’s participation in ICBDT is linked to experiences of abuse, violence, threats, coercion, manipulation and deception, including unknowingly transporting drugs and being used as a decoy (Fleetwood, 2014; Fleetwood et al., 2015; Kensy et al., 2012; Unlu & Ekici, 2012).2 Subsequently, it has been argued that women drug couriers are in fact victims of human trafficking because many are moved across international borders under circumstances of force, threat, coercion, fraud and/or deception for exploitative purposes (Fleetwood, 2014). Despite this, the global use of rationalised sentencing models (e.g. legislated mandatory minimum imprisonment terms) that assume individual choice and responsibility while minimising the significance of social inequality and vulnerability ensure that harsh penalties are applied, regardless of culpability, mitigating circumstances or the collateral damage caused by incarceration (Fleetwood et al., 2015; Fleetwood & Haas, 2011; Kensy et al., 2012).Prior research in this field has argued that women ICBDT offenders often present as victims of happenstance who are unduly and unfairly punished. Men on the other hand are construed as rational actors; the ‘real’ players/criminals in the international drug trade (Fleetwood, 2014). However, a lack of research on men’s ICBDT participation makes it difficult to unpack the extent to which these crimes are in fact gendered. Furthermore, understanding both men’s and women’s ICBDT experiences may prove useful in challenging notions about trafficking that legitimate harsh punishments for men as well as women.This article reports findings from in-depth life history interviews with women and men imprisoned in Thailand for ICBDT. Utilising a feminist pathways approach, we explored and mapped these women’s and men’s narratives of their imprisonment journeys. Our aim is to contribute to the development of a gendered understanding of the ICBDT experience. The paper begins with a discussion of the extant literature. We then explain our methodological approach, present our findings and position the research results within the broader subject field. Finally, we discuss the limitations of our study and provide directions for further research.Literature reviewTwo bodies of literature informed this research: (1) prior studies on the gendered nature of ICBDT and (2) the feminist pathways to crime framework. We review both below. What will be shown is that studies specifically focused on the gendered features of ICBDT are restricted in number, scope and breadth. To date, attention has chiefly centred on women imprisoned for ICBDT in Europe or the Americas. The primary aims have been to understand: (1) the impact of the global drug war on women, (2) the part women play in the international drug market, (3) women’s immediate offending motivations, (4) women’s agency in offending and (5) women’s experiences within foreign systems of criminal justice. Each study we reviewed below took a broadly feminist approach and provided instrumental knowledge about an understudied and especially marginalised group of women. However, none specifically applied a feminist pathways perspective, and only one attempted to compare the ICBDT narratives of women and men (Bailey, 2013; Dorado, 1998, cited in Díaz-Cotto, 2005; Fleetwood, 2014; Sudbury, 2005).In contrast to the existing ICBDT research, feminist pathways scholars look further than the expressed motivations, characteristics and experiences of offending. Pathways scholarship maps the life histories of women (and less frequently of men) to determine their criminalisation trajectories. By ad [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Gender [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic Article ) [url_doc] => https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9176368/ ) [587] => Array ( [objectID] => 15991 [title] => Statement delivered to ACHPR on its 68th Ordinary Session [timestamp] => 1620777600 [date] => 12/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-delivered-to-achpr-on-its-68th-ordinary-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-500x251.png [extrait] => Oral statement on behalf of FIACAT, FIDH, World Coalition against the Death Penalty, ECPM, Avocats sans frontières, COJESKI-RDC, ECPM, RAL and Reprieve on the activities of the Members of the Commission and the Special Mechanisms. [texte] => Oral statement on behalf of FIACAT, FIDH, World Coalition against the Death Penalty, ECPM, Avocats sans frontières, COJESKI-RDC, ECPM, RAL and Reprieve on the activities of the Members of the Commission and the Special Mechanisms. (more…) "Statement delivered to ACHPR on its 68th Ordinary Session " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [588] => Array ( [objectID] => 15971 [title] => At least 267 People Executed in Iran in 2020 Despite COVID-19 Pandemic [timestamp] => 1620172800 [date] => 05/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/at-least-267-people-executed-in-iran-in-2020-despite-covid-19-pandemic/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/annual-report-death-penalty-iran-2020-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The 13th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rights (IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty), shows that despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the Islamic Republic continued carrying out executions as in the previous years, and remains the only country to have executed juvenile offenders in 2020. [texte] => The 13th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rights (IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty), shows that despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the Islamic Republic continued carrying out executions as in the previous years, and remains the only country to have executed juvenile offenders in 2020. (more…) "At least 267 People Executed in Iran in 2020 Despite COVID-19 Pandemic" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [589] => Array ( [objectID] => 15959 [title] => LBH Masyarakat (Community Legal Aid Institute) [timestamp] => 1620172800 [date] => 05/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lbh-masyarakat-community-legal-aid-institute/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/LogoLBHM.png [extrait] => LBH Masyarakat (Community Legal Aid Institute) is a collective of individuals who believe that every human has potential to actively participate in legal aid, to uphold justice, and to contribute to the protection of human rights. LBH Masyarakat believes in equality, non-discrimination, and acknowledgement of inherent human dignity. LBH Masyarakat defends the right of every […] [texte] => LBH Masyarakat (Community Legal Aid Institute) is a collective of individuals who believe that every human has potential to actively participate in legal aid, to uphold justice, and to contribute to the protection of human rights. LBH Masyarakat believes in equality, non-discrimination, and acknowledgement of inherent human dignity. LBH Masyarakat defends the right of every human being without distinction on any backgrounds: ethnicity, religion, race, social status, sexual orientation, gender identity, mental health situation, or other status.LBH Masyarakat has represented people on death row and raised their profile in both national and international media. LBH Masyarakat also spoke at the UN General Assembly Special Session on drugs on the issue of drugs and the death penalty, attended World Congresses against the Death Penalty, held press conferences, issued press releases, and spoke to the national media, on the issue of abolition of the death penalty, monitored the development of the Draft of Criminal Code, submitted joint shadow reports with Reprieve UK to the UPR on Indonesia focusing solely on the death penalty, spoke at the UPR Pre-Session and attended the UPR sessions, organised events in commemoration of the World Day against the Death Penalty, co-organised the National Conference on the Death Penalty, with KontraS, organised a series of Capital Defence Lawyer Training (topics included: torture and forensic documentation, investigation and mitigation, media, mental health).It also conducted a research on Strengthening Safeguard Mechanisms for Persons Facing the Death Penalty/Executions, and recently partnered with the Death Penalty Project and the University of Oxford for a study on the Feasibility of Systematic Research on the Deterrent Effects of the Death Penalty in Indonesia and on the Feasibility of Conducting Research on Attitudes Towards the Death Penalty in Indonesia: Elite and Public Opinions. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [590] => Array ( [objectID] => 15946 [title] => Madrid Bar Association [timestamp] => 1620172800 [date] => 05/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/madrid-bar-association/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Logotipo-icam.png [extrait] => Founded in 1596, the Madrid Bar Association is made up of 77,000 lawyers, and its main mission is to defend their corporate interests and those of the citizens they serve. Likewise, the Bar guarantees its independence and the validity of the basic values of the profession, and provides its members with the services they need […] [texte] => Founded in 1596, the Madrid Bar Association is made up of 77,000 lawyers, and its main mission is to defend their corporate interests and those of the citizens they serve. Likewise, the Bar guarantees its independence and the validity of the basic values of the profession, and provides its members with the services they need for the best performance of their work.The lawyers of Madrid are a main reference in legal controversies and for the elaboration of laws. Our Association carries out an important public service activity in the form of in-court representation, legal assistance to detainees and legal advice services; maintaining its duty of solidarity with the most needy colleagues by covering our risks; and supporting the exercise of defence as the key to our collective and individual contribution to the construction of the Rule of Law.The Madrid Bar Association is today a modern corporation, well managed, with high quality standards, transparent in its actions and democratic in its behaviour. It has a budget of more than 25 million euros and human resources of nearly 200 employees.In order to publicly express its institutional position in relation to the death penalty and its abolition, the Bar Association, by agreement of its Board of Governors, became a member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [591] => Array ( [objectID] => 15925 [title] => Coordination Maghrébine des Organisations des Droits Humains (CMODH) [timestamp] => 1620172800 [date] => 05/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coordination-maghrebine-des-organisations-des-droits-humains-cmodh/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/LogoCMODH.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [592] => Array ( [objectID] => 15919 [title] => Annual report on the death penalty in Iran 2020 [timestamp] => 1620086400 [date] => 04/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 13th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rights (IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) provides an assessment and analysis of the death penalty trends in 2020 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. [texte] => "One of the most serious causesI have fought for in my life hasbeen the abolition of the deathpenalty in Iran. It is unaccept-able to end a life, no matterwhat the justification may be.I am not opposed to punishingcriminals; criminals will continueto be punished until the rootscauses of their crimes areeradicated, but crimes persistand this is neither a desirable,nor an acceptable outcome forsociety""It is difficult for me to see thechildren left behind after theexecution of their mother and/or father. Not only do those childrenlose their parents, but they cannot even talk about them due tosocietal shame. They lose everything, and it remains to be seen whathorrific fate awaits them""The death penalty is violence. As violent as war on a smaller scale.In war, people are killed; people are also killed by the death penalty.In human battles, the violence of the death penalty is worse thanthe killings on the frontlines. I am sorry to say that Iran is one of thefew countries where men and women are executed on multiple andsometimes false, and in my opinion unacceptable, charges. When Iwas imprisoned in Zanjan prison, I was with a woman who has beenwaiting for her stoning sentence for eight years. But because Iran isnot carrying out stoning punishments due to international pressure,they have changed her sentence to execution by hanging. A womanhas to lose her life because of her relationship with a man. ""Do you know what the root cause of this crime was? This woman, likeall Iranian women, has been deprived of the right to divorce. Is thiswoman guilty? In my opinion, the system that brought her here bydepriving her of this right is the guilty party. So this woman has been 8 9 ANNUAL REPORTON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN2020victimised once by not having the right to divorce and victimisedagain in practice, when she was punished for being unable to divorce.She has lost her youth awaiting the gallows. ""While I was in Zanjan Prison, a woman I had lived with, who I saw wasso full of life and desire to live, was executed by hanging. I cannotfathom how the people around her could ignore her intense desire tolive and her pleas not to die, and why they ended her life?""Unfortunately, the laws in Iran have left the door open for theimplementation of unjust executions, including political ones.Political executions began not long after the 1979 revolution and havecontinued throughout the years, but have unfortunately intensifiedduring the nationwide protests of 2009, 2017, 2018 and 2019.I also want to speak of the recent surge in executions in Sistan andBaluchistan, and of the executions of Kurdish activists in Kurdistanbefore that.""The executions of people like Navid Afkari and Ruhollah Zam in thepast year have been the most ambiguous executions in Iran. Thedeath sentence of Ahmadreza Djalali is one of the most erroneoussentences, and the reasons for the issuance of these deathsentences must be carefully examined. These people have beensentenced to death after being held in solitary confinement andsubjected to horrific psychological and mental torture. That is why Ido not consider the judicial process to be fair or just; and neither iskeeping defendants in solitary confinement, forcing them to makeuntrue and false confessions that are used as key evidence in issuingthese sentences. That is why I am particularly worried about therecent arrests in Sistan and Baluchistan and Kurdistan, and I hopethat anti-death penalty organisations will pay special attention tothe detainees, because I fear that we will be facing another wave ofexecutions over the coming year"Narges MohammadiPREFACE"The 13th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rights(IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) provides anassessment and analysis of the death penalty trends in 2020 in theIslamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2020,the trend compared to previous years, the legislative frameworkand procedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthlybreakdown of executions. Lists of the female and juvenile offendersexecuted in 2020 are also included in the tables""The report also looks into the abolitionist movement within Iran,including the forgiveness movement and its contribution to limit theuse of the death penalty, the mass online “#don’t execute” campaignstarted organically during the COVID-19 pandemic to save the livesof protesters on death row, and the authorities’ attempt to promotethe death penalty and crackdown on human rights defenders andcivil society."The 2020 report is the result of hard work from IHR members and supporters who took part in the reporting, documenting, collecting, analysing and writing of its content. We are especially grateful to IHR sources inside Iran who, by reporting on unannounced and secret executions in prisons of 26 different provinces, incur a significant risk. Due to the very difficult context, the lack of transparency and the obvious risks and limitations that human rights defenders face in the Islamic Republic of Iran, this report does not give a complete picture of the use of the death penalty in Iran by any means. There are reported executions which are not included in this report due to a lack of sufficient details or an inability to confirm cases through two different sources. However, it aims to provide the most complete and realistic figures possible in the present circumstances.4 The current report does not include suspicious deaths of prisoners or those killed under torture. ECPM supports the elaboration, editing process, publishing and distribution of this report in the framework of its international advocacy work against the death penalty. The problems of transparency of data and information on the death penalty in Iran should be overcome by a strong strategy of distribution and dissemination. The overall objectives of this report for IHR and ECPM 4 See below, section “Sources”. 10 11 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2020 are to bring out and publicise the facts, in order to change national and international views on the situation of the death penalty in Iran, first executioner country in the world.5 5 Per capita. 2020 ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE • At least 267 people were executed in 2020, compared to 280 in 2019 and 273 in 2018 • 91 executions (34%) were announced by official sources. In 2019 and 2018, 84 (30%) and 93 (34%) executions respectively had been announced by the authorities • 66% of all executions included in the 2020 report, i.e. 176 executions, were not announced by the authorities • At least 211 executions (79% of all executions) were for murder charges • At least 25 people (approximately 10%) were executed for drugrelated charges • 1 public execution, the lowest number in the last 15 years • At least 4 juvenile offenders were among those executed • At least 9 women were executed • 2 executions in relation to the nationwide protests • 1 execution based on charges related to running a dissident social media channel • 1 execution for consumption of alcoholic beverages • At least 38 executions in 2020 and more than 3,619 executions since 2010 have been based on death sentences issued by the Revolutionary Courts • At least 662 prisoners sentenced to death for murder charges were forgiven by the families of the murder victims in 2020 (374 in 2019) – a significant increase compared to previous years 12 13 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2020 INTRODUCTION The 13th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, by IHR and ECPM, is being published in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, with Iran being one of the hardest hit countries. This is partly due to the fact that the authorities knowingly denied its presence and refused to implement measures to limit its spread at an early stage. The present report shows that at least 267 people were executed throughout the country in 2020. This is at the same level as in 2018 and 2019, with 273 and 280 executions respectively, demonstrating that the Islamic Republic’s priority has been to continue the executions instead of implementing measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 in prisons. In fact, the ongoing executions may have been a contributing factor in the outbreak of COVID-19 in several prisons. The lack of transparency and mismanagement of the spread of Coronavirus also led to panic and riots in several Iranian prisons. The authorities’ response to the COVID-19 prison riots was to violently repress them and to implement yet more death sentences, with a particular surge being recorded in the Kurdistan region. According to the 2020 report, there was a significant increase in the number of executions in the ethnic regions of Baluchistan and Kurdistan compared to the previous two years. This has continued into 2021, with Baluchi prisoners accounting for one third of all executions as of mid-February. On the launch of this report, IHR and ECPM call for a moratorium in the use of the death penalty in Iran. IHR Director, Mahmood AmiryMoghaddam said: “Iran is one of the few countries that has not reduced its use of the death penalty under the COVID-19 pandemic. We call on Iranian authorities to stop the executions immediately.” ECPM Director Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan added: “We are alarmed at the disproportionate number of ethnic minority executions as evidenced in this report, and call on the international community to pay more attention to the situation in the ethnic regions of Iran.” Like 2019, the majority of the prisoners executed in 2020 were charged with murder and sentenced to qisas (retribution-in-kind). At least 211 people were executed for murder charges in 2020. According to Iranian law, as the plaintiff (victim’s family) have the right to qisas, the State places the responsibility on them to decide whether the defendant should be executed or not. In a unique survey conducted by the GAMAAN Institute for IHR and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) measuring “Iranians’ attitude [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran_2021-gb-290321-BD.pdf ) [593] => Array ( [objectID] => 15920 [title] => Death Penalty For Drug Offences: Global Overview 2020 [timestamp] => 1620086400 [date] => 04/05/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our tenth on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international law. [texte] => "There were 30 confirmed executions for drug offences in 2020, down from 116 in 2019. All of the executions took place in 3 countries (China, Iran and Saudi Arabia)At least 213 people received a death sentence for drug offences in 2020, up from 183 in 2019.Thirty-five countries still retain the death penalty for drug offences.""There are at least 3,000 people currently on death row for drug offences worldwide.Vietnam alone accounted for over a third of all confirmed death sentences for drug offences in 2020.As of October 2020, there were 355 people on death row in Indonesia, of which 214 were convicted for drug offences (a 29% increase from 2019).""Singapore did not carry executions for the first time since 2013.Data on the death penalty for drug offences is grossly insufficient, partly due to a lack of information on executions in China and Vietnam (both are reported to routinely execute people for drug offences).""Harm Reduction International (HRI) is a leadingnon-governmental organisation dedicated toreducing the negative health, social and legalimpacts of drug use and drug policy. We promotethe rights of people who use drugs and theircommunities through research and advocacy tohelp achieve a world where drug policies and lawscontribute to healthier, safer societies.The organisation is an NGO with SpecialConsultative Status with the Economic and SocialCouncil of the United Nations.The Death Penalty for Drug Offences:Global Overview 2020Ajeng Larasati and Giada Girelli© Harm Reduction International, 2021ISBN 978-1-8380910-6-4Designed by ESCOLAPublished by Harm Reduction International61 Mansell Street, AldgateLondon E1 8ANTelephone: +44 (0)20 7324 3535E-mail: office@hri.globalWebsite: www.hri.global4This report would not be possible without data made available or sharedby human rights organisations and individual experts, many of which providedadvice and assistance throughout the drafting process. We would specificallylike to thank the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran,the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), the Bahrain Institute for Rightsand Democracy (BIRD), the European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights(ESOHR), Hands Off Cain, the Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (ICJR),Justice Project Pakistan, LBH Masyarakat, Odhikar, Project 39A (National LawUniversity, Delhi), Reprieve and The Rights Practice. We are also indebted toIyad Alqaisi, Fahri Azzat, Ricky Gunawan, Pulasthi Hewamanna, Carolyn Hoyle,Richard Lines, M. Ravi and Tripti Tandon.Thanks are also owed to colleagues at Harm Reduction Internationalfor their feedback and support in preparing this report: Gen Sander, CinziaBrentari, Naomi Burke-Shyne, Catherine Cook, Robert Csák, ColleenDaniels, Lucy O’Hare, Maddie O’Hare, Suchitra Rajagopalan, Emily Rowe,Sam Shirley-Beavan, Olga Szubert and Anne Taiwo. And to Temitope Salami,the dedicated volunteer at Harm Reduction International.Any errors are the sole responsibility of Harm Reduction International.""Harm Reduction International (HRI) has monitored the use of thedeath penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breakingpublication on this issue in 2007. This report, our tenth on the subject,continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy andpractical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drugoffences, a practice which is a clear violation of international law.The Global Overview 2020 provides an analysis of key developmentsrelated to the death penalty for drug offences in 2020, their potential medium-term and long-term consequences, and the influence of COVID-19on these changes. It will also examine the impact of measures introducedin response to COVID-19 on the right to a fair trial. A special section at theend of the report provides a review of best practices identified by lawyersfor advocating against the death penalty at the national level.Harm Reduction International opposes the death penalty in allcases without exception, regardless of the person accused and theirguilt, the nature of the crime and the method of execution.Introduction56Drug offences (also referred to as drug-related offences or drug-related crimes) are drug-related activities categorised as crimes under nationallaws. For the purposes of this report, this definition excludes activitieswhich are not related to the trafficking, manufacturing, possession or use ofcontrolled substances and related inchoate offences (inciting, assisting orabetting a crime).In the 35 states that retain the death penalty for drug offences, capitalpunishment is typically applied for the following offences: cultivation andmanufacturing, and the smuggling, trafficking or importing/exporting of controlled substances. However, in some of these states, the following drugoffences may also be punishable by the death penalty (among others): drugpossession, storing and hiding drugs, financing drug offences, inducing orcoercing others into using drugs. For more information on the drug offencespunishable by death by jurisdiction, see HRI’s legislation table at www.hri.global/death-penalty-2020.HRI’s research on the death penalty for drug offences excludes countrieswhere drug offences are punishable with death only if they involve, or resultin, intentional killing. For example, in Saint Lucia (not included in this report),the only drug-related offence punishable by death is murder committed inconnection with drug trafficking or other drug offences.1The death penalty is reported as ‘mandatory’ when it is the only punishment that can be imposed following a conviction for at least certaincategories of drug offences (without regard to the particular circumstancesof the offence or the offender). Mandatory sentences hamper judicial sentencing discretion, and thus, according to international human rights standards,are inherently arbitrary.""The numbers that have been included in this report are drawn fromand cross-checked against official government reports (where available) andstate-run news agencies, court judgments, non-governmental organisations(NGOs) reports and databases, United Nations (UN) documents, media reports,scholarly articles, and communications with local activists and human rightsadvocates, organisations and groups. Every effort has been taken to minimiseinaccuracies, but there is always the potential for error. HRI welcomes information or additional data not included in this report.Identifying current drug laws and controlled drugs schedules in somecountries can be challenging, due to limited reporting and recording at thenational level, together with language barriers. Some governments make theirlaws available on official websites; others do not. Where it was not possiblefor HRI to independently verify a specific law, the report relies on crediblesecondary sources.With respect to data on death row population, death sentences andexecutions, the margin for error is even greater. In many countries, information about the use of the death penalty is shrouded in secrecy, or opaque atbest. For this reason, many of the figures cited in this report cannot be considered comprehensive, and instead should be read as minimum numbersof confirmed sentences, executions and death row populations, illustrativeof how capital punishment is carried out for drug offences. Real numbers arehigher, in some cases significantly. Where information is incomplete, attemptswere made to identify additional sources. In some cases, information differsacross sources due to this lack of transparency. In these cases, HRI has madea judgment based on available evidence.When the symbol ‘+’ is found next to a number, it means that the reportedfigure refers to the minimum confirmed number, but according to crediblereports the actual figure is likely to be higher. Global and yearly figures are calculated by using the minimum confirmed figures." [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/files/2021/04/07/HRI_Death_Penalty_Report_2020_FINAL.pdf ) [594] => Array ( [objectID] => 15888 [title] => Adoption of Bill Allowing the Imposition of the Death Penalty for a New Crime. [timestamp] => 1619740800 [date] => 30/04/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/adoption-of-bill-allowing-the-imposition-of-the-death-penalty-for-a-new-crime/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/philippines-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Philippine House Bill No. 7814 provides the death penalty for a new crime under the 2002 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act. [texte] => Philippine House Bill No. 7814 provides the death penalty for a new crime under the 2002 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act. (more…) "Adoption of Bill Allowing the Imposition of the Death Penalty for a New Crime." [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [595] => Array ( [objectID] => 15877 [title] => SALAM for Democracy and Human Rights (SALAM DHR) [timestamp] => 1619740800 [date] => 30/04/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/salam-dhr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/SalamDHR-Logo-500x262.jpg [extrait] => SALAM for Democracy and Human Rights (SALAM DHR) is an NGO that endeavors to preserve universal principles of dignity and respect by shielding democracy and human rights. SALAM DHR conducts monitoring and analysis, produces reports, develops recommendations on policy and legislation, organizes advocacy campaigns, conducts trainings, and builds effective coalitions. SALAM DHR is actively involved […] [texte] => SALAM for Democracy and Human Rights (SALAM DHR) is an NGO that endeavors to preserve universal principles of dignity and respect by shielding democracy and human rights. SALAM DHR conducts monitoring and analysis, produces reports, develops recommendations on policy and legislation, organizes advocacy campaigns, conducts trainings, and builds effective coalitions. SALAM DHR is actively involved in international cooperation for human rights and democracy, including the production of alternative reports on key human rights topics, coordinating coalitions, lobbying for reform of flawed institutions, and articulating NGO positions at the UN Human Rights Council, the European Parliament, and various domestic bodies.For example, in the past three years, SALAM DHR has conducted the following activities and campaigns to abolish the death penalty:1) Publishing reports on death penalty in Bahrain in regular basis2) Issuing joint statements on death penalty in Bahrain in different occasions3) Recently signed a joint open appeal letter to King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Kingdom of Bahrain to commute the death sentences in Bahrain4) We are in direct contact with OHCHR, The Special Rapporteur and working groups on extrajudicial killing, and Human Rights Council member to update them in all issues related to death penalty in Bahrain5) Engaged in sides events and delivered oral intervention on death penalty in Human Rights Council sessions6) Lobbying for the abolition of the death sentence in Bahrain and the Middle East on the local, regional and international level7) Raising awareness against the use of the Death Penalty in the Media. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [596] => Array ( [objectID] => 15866 [title] => Kosovo [timestamp] => 1619395200 [date] => 26/04/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/kosovo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [597] => Array ( [objectID] => 21546 [title] => Co-Sponsorship, Note Verbale, and Association Behaviour at the Unga: An Analysis of the Death Penalty Moratorium Resolutions [timestamp] => 1619049600 [date] => 22/04/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/co-sponsorship-note-verbale-and-association-behaviour-at-the-unga-an-analysis-of-the-death-penalty-moratorium-resolutions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since December 2007, seven resolutions in favour of a universal moratorium on death penalty executions have been adopted by the UN General Assembly. In an earlier paper (Pascoe and Bae 2020) we examined UN member states’ voting patterns over these seven resolutions, asking why some countries vote in a manner seemingly contradictory to their domestic death penalty practices. With a slightly different focus, we now further explore idiosyncratic state behaviour, this time through an analysis of co-sponsorship and the note verbale of dissociation. Our assumption is that states which plan to vote 'yes' in the plenary will also co-sponsor the resolution beforehand. We also presume that states which vote 'no' in the plenary will sign the note verbale invariably circulated several months later, as a further means of condemnation.However, when it comes to the moratorium resolutions, not all member states fit into either of these binary categories. Many countries situate themselves in between the two groups of ‘genuine’ supporters and opponents. These countries in the middle evince inconsistency between their plenary votes and what we term their ‘association behaviour’ before or after the plenary, consisting of co-sponsorship and adherence to the note verbale. This paper analyses these groups of countries to determine the underlying causes for their ambivalent, or even contradictory, positions concerning the moratorium resolutions. The findings of this research stand to enrich not only the academic literature on international organizations, but also to inform the campaigning efforts of abolitionist UN member states and non-governmental organizations. [texte] => CO-SPONSORSHIP, NOTE VERBALE, AND ASSOCIATIONBEHAVIOUR AT THE UNGA:AN ANALYSIS OF THE DEATH PENALTY MORATORIUMRESOLUTIONSDANIEL PASCOE* AND SANGMIN BAE*** Associate Professor of Law, City University of Hong Kong dcpascoe@cityu.edu.hk** Professor of Political Science, Northeastern Illinois University sbae@neiu.eduTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS, FORTHCOMING 2021ABSTRACTSince December 2007, seven resolutions in favour of a universal moratorium on death penaltyexecutions have been adopted by the UN General Assembly. In an earlier paper (Pascoe and Bae2020) we examined UN member states’ voting patterns over these seven resolutions, asking whysome countries vote in a manner seemingly contradictory to their domestic death penalty practices.With a slightly different focus, we now further explore idiosyncratic state behaviour, this timethrough an analysis of co-sponsorship and the note verbale of dissociation. Our assumption is thatstates which plan to vote 'yes' in the plenary will also co-sponsor the resolution beforehand. Wealso presume that states which vote 'no' in the plenary will sign the note verbale invariablycirculated several months later, as a further means of condemnation.However, when it comes to the moratorium resolutions, not all member states fit into either ofthese binary categories. Many countries situate themselves in between the two groups of ‘genuine’supporters and opponents. These countries in the middle evince inconsistency between theirplenary votes and what we term their ‘association behaviour’ before or after the plenary, consistingof co-sponsorship and adherence to the note verbale. This paper analyses these groups of countriesto determine the underlying causes for their ambivalent, or even contradictory, positionsconcerning the moratorium resolutions. The findings of this research stand to enrich not only theacademic literature on international organizations, but also to inform the campaigning efforts ofabolitionist UN member states and non-governmental organizations.KEYWORDSUnited Nations General Assembly, Human Rights, Death Penalty, Co-Sponsorship, Note VerbaleFUNDINGThis research was funded by a School of Law Matching Grant, City University of Hong KongETHICSThis research received ethical approval from City University of Hong Kong Research Grants &Contracts Office (Application H001635, Approval 26 March 2018)Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=38317002CO-SPONSORSHIP, NOTE VERBALE, AND ASSOCIATIONBEHAVIOUR AT THE UNGA:AN ANALYSIS OF THE DEATH PENALTY MORATORIUMRESOLUTIONS1. INTRODUCTION AND THE EMPIRICAL PUZZLEIn December 2007, an historic resolution in favour of a universal moratorium on death penaltyexecutions was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). The resolution calledon all member states which still retained the death penalty to observe a moratorium on executionswith a view to completely abolishing the death penalty. Since then, six consecutive resolutionshave been adopted, thereby totalling seven such resolutions thus far (adopted in 2007; 2008; 2010;2012; 2014; 2016; 2018).1 In an earlier paper we examined UN member states’ voting patternsover these seven moratorium resolutions, asking why some countries vote in a manner differentfrom their domestic practices. After analysing individual cases that did not fit the conventionalexpectation that countries having abolished the death penalty would vote in favour and thoseretaining it would vote against, we aimed to discern and explain patterns in the idiosyncratic votingmotivations of countries.2Related but with a different focus, we now seek to further explore state behaviour regarding themoratorium resolutions, this time through an analysis of co-sponsorship and the note verbale ofdissociation. A proposed resolution in the UNGA is initially drafted by one or more member states.The state initiating and drafting a resolution is typically the lead ‘sponsor’ of the resolution andpresents the resolution to the relevant standing committee for discussion,3 in this case the ThirdCommittee, dealing with human rights, humanitarian, and social matters. After it has been drafted,other member states can express their support for the resolution by signing an official co-sponsorform or, latterly, by subscribing as a co-sponsor through the UN’s electronic voting system.4 Thebulk of co-sponsorship takes place in the months prior to the plenary vote (i.e. October-November),both before and after negotiation over content at the committee stage.5 If the committee approvesthe draft resolution by a majority vote, the plenary vote will proceed towards the end of the UNGAsession in December, with the moratorium resolution tabled on a biennial basis since 2008.Although the vast majority of resolutions are adopted by consensus without a vote, the deathpenalty moratorium resolution is one of the more contentious on the UNGA’s agenda, with itscontent, co-sponsorship and plenary support being fiercely fought over each time.Following each of the seven successful plenary votes so far, another group of countries have furtherproceeded to sign a third person diplomatic note reiterating their opposition to the moratoriumresolution, called a note verbale of dissociation. The note verbale, in the form of an open letteraddressed to the UN Secretary-General, has appeared between one to nine months after everysuccessful plenary vote. The first two notes were jointly circulated by the signatories to the UNSecretary-General in 2008 and 2009, whereas the subsequent iterations from 2011, 2013, 2015,2017 and 2019 were circulated by the Permanent Representative of Egypt.6Table 1 and Chart 1 present the total number of ‘yes’ and ‘no’ votes cast over each of the sevenmoratorium resolutions to date, along with the number of countries that co-sponsored eachresolution and the number of countries that signed the note verbale of dissociation. While theElectronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=38317003number of co-sponsoring countries has remained relatively steady over the years (falling slightlyfrom 86 in 2007 to 83 in 2018), the number of countries signing the note has declined sharply overthe same time period (58 in 2007 to 30 in 2018), concomitant with the reduced number of votesagainst the resolution at the plenary stage (54 in 2007 to 35 in 2018). For the first four resolutions(2007; 2008; 2010; 2012), the number of countries that signed the note actually surpassed thenumber of countries that voted against the resolution, but this has changed since the 2014resolution, where the number of the note verbale signatories became fewer than the number of ‘no’votes.Table 1: UNGA Moratorium Resolution Votes, Co-Sponsorship, Note Verbale, 2007-2018Resolution(Vote Date)Yes No Co-Sponsorship Note VerbaleA/RES/62/149(18 Dec 2007)104 54 86 58A/RES/63/168(18 Dec 2008)106 46 89 53A/RES/65/206(21 Dec 2010)109 41 79 53A/RES/67/176(20 Dec 2012)111 41 82 47A/RES/69/186(18 Dec 2014)117 37 95 27A/RES/71/187(19 Dec 2016)117 40 89 32A/RES/73/175(17 Dec 2018)121 35 83 30Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=38317004Chart 1: UNGA Moratorium Resolution Votes, Co-Sponsorship, Note Verbale, 2007-2018A Spectrum of SupportUNGA resolutions, including the death penalty moratorium resolutions, are supported or opposedby member states with varying degrees of enthusiasm. At one end of the spectrum is the ‘genuine’supporting group. Although commentators have identified several further gradations of support forthe resolutions among prospective co-sponsors,7 at a basic level the ‘genuine’ supporting groupare the countries that co-sponsor a draft resolution and vote in favour of the resolution in theplenary.8 A prominent example are the many EU member states who explicitly and repeatedlydeclare that they seek to promote human rights issues within the UN system. They oftencollectively draft, co-sponsor and vote in favour of resolutions pertaining to human rights matters,including the death penalty moratorium resolutions. 9 However, notwithstanding Europeanleadership on the moratorium resolutions, the group of ‘genuine’ supporters is truly global in termsof representation, and includes many non-European states. Latin American countries areparticularly prominent within the co-sponsorship group, despite several being classified byAmnesty International as ‘abolitionist for ordinary crimes only’, because they retain capitalpunishment for wartime offences or treason (e.g. Brazil and Chile during all seven votes, andBolivia from 2007 to 2012).10 Each year, between 70-80 percent of countries that voted in favourof the resolution also participated in co-sponsorship. Our first default assumption is therefore thatcountries which plan to vote in favour of the resolution will also co-sponsor, as ‘genuine’supporters.At the opposite end of the spectrum are those countries that have voted against each resolution andhave also signed the note verbale of dissociation to formally express their opposition. In the caseof the moratorium resolutions, Egypt, Singapore and Saudi Arabia are invariably the most vocalopponents,11 with Iran, Botswana and Barbados also expressing strong opposition with the earlier0102030405060708090100110120130UNGA Moratorium Resolutions 2007-2018Yes No Co-Sponsorship Note VerbaleElectronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=38317005iterations of the note.12 Emphasising ‘the sovereign right of all countries to develop their own legalsystem,’ these nations have drafted and circulated the note in the months after a new moratoriumresolution has passed, reaffirming their strong opposition to any ‘attempt to create a universaldecision’ on the application of the death penalty, which is for them ‘first and foremost an issue ofthe criminal justice system’ rather than a human rights issue.13 Given the large number of stateswhich initially signed the note when it was first circulated in 2008 and 2009, our second defaultpresumption is tha [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3831700 ) [598] => Array ( [objectID] => 15800 [title] => Armenia ratifies international treaty for irreversible abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1616630400 [date] => 25/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/armenia-ratifies-international-treaty-for-irreversible-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/armenia-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Armenia ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR on 18 March 2021. [texte] => Armenia ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR on 18 March 2021. (more…) "Armenia ratifies international treaty for irreversible abolition of the death penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Armenia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [599] => Array ( [objectID] => 15786 [title] => The Commonwealth of Virginia Abolishes the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1616630400 [date] => 25/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-commonwealth-of-virginia-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/virginia-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Virginia became the 23rd US State to formally ban capital punishment on 24 March 2021. [texte] => Virginia became the 23rd US State to formally ban capital punishment on 24 March 2021. (more…) "The Commonwealth of Virginia Abolishes the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [600] => Array ( [objectID] => 15646 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Waray) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-waray/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_waray_V2_basse-definition.pdf ) [601] => Array ( [objectID] => 15645 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Tausug) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-tausug/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_tausug_V2-BD.pdf ) [602] => Array ( [objectID] => 15644 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Tagalog) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-tagalog/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_TAGALOG_V3-basse-def.pdf ) [603] => Array ( [objectID] => 15643 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Pangasinense) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-pangasinense/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_PANGASINENSE_V3_basse-def.pdf ) [604] => Array ( [objectID] => 15642 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Marano) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-maranao/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_MARANAO_V1-BD.pdf ) [605] => Array ( [objectID] => 15641 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Kapampangan) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-kapampangan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_Kapampangan_V2-basse-def.pdf ) [606] => Array ( [objectID] => 15640 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Ilokano) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-ilokano/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_ILOKANO_V1-BD.pdf ) [607] => Array ( [objectID] => 15638 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Hiligaynon) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-hiligaynon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_HILIGAYNON_V1.pdf ) [608] => Array ( [objectID] => 15633 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (English) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-english/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_EN_V4-basse-def.pdf ) [609] => Array ( [objectID] => 15631 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Cebuano) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-cebuano/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_CEBUANO_V2.pdf ) [610] => Array ( [objectID] => 15534 [title] => Keep the Death Penalty Abolished in the Philippines (Bicolano) [timestamp] => 1616457600 [date] => 23/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/keep-the-death-penalty-abolished-in-the-philippines-bicolano/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [texte] => This brochure was developed by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the Commission on the Human Rights in the Philippines. It explains why the death penalty risks returning in the Philippines and the reasons against its resurgence. It is available in 11 languages of the Philippines, plus French and English. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Philippines_Brochure2021_BICOLANO_V1-BD.pdf ) [611] => Array ( [objectID] => 15777 [title] => Recapping the UN Crime Congress in Kyoto [timestamp] => 1615766400 [date] => 15/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/recapping-the-un-crime-congress-in-kyoto/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/14-United-Nations-Congress-on-Crime-Prevention-and-Criminal-Justice-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice was held in Kyoto, Japan from 7 to 12 March 2021. [texte] => The United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice was held in Kyoto, Japan from 7 to 12 March 2021. (more…) "Recapping the UN Crime Congress in Kyoto" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [612] => Array ( [objectID] => 15763 [title] => Widespread and systematic violations of human rights in Iran [timestamp] => 1615507200 [date] => 12/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/widespread-and-systematic-violations-of-human-rights-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/members-logo-statement-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Joint letter sent to Member states of the United Nations Human Rights Council on 12 March 2021 [texte] => Joint letter sent to Member states of the United Nations Human Rights Council on 12 March 2021 (more…) "Widespread and systematic violations of human rights in Iran" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [613] => Array ( [objectID] => 15747 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty must be an integral part of crime prevention programmes and criminal justice reforms [timestamp] => 1614902400 [date] => 05/03/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-must-be-an-integral-part-of-crime-prevention-programmes-and-criminal-justice-reforms/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-500x251.png [extrait] => As the Fourteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice is about to begin in Kyoto, Japan, the undersigned organizations urge the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and its subsidiary bodies, including the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC); and all UN member states, including the Congress host country Japan, to make […] [texte] => As the Fourteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice is about to begin in Kyoto, Japan, the undersigned organizations urge the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and its subsidiary bodies, including the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC); and all UN member states, including the Congress host country Japan, to make abolition of the death penalty an integral component of programmes to prevent crime and improve criminal justice systems globally. (more…) "Abolition of the death penalty must be an integral part of crime prevention programmes and criminal justice reforms" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [614] => Array ( [objectID] => 15739 [title] => UN High Level Panel on the Death Penalty and Deterrence [timestamp] => 1614211200 [date] => 25/02/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-high-level-panel-on-the-death-penalty-and-deterrence/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/United-Nations-Council-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The UN Biennial High Level Panel on the Death penalty focused on the deterrent effect capital punishment has on crime. Representatives from member states, NGOs and NHRIs made statements to the high level panel discussing the deterrent theory. [texte] => The UN Biennial High Level Panel on the Death penalty focused on the deterrent effect capital punishment has on crime. Representatives from member states, NGOs and NHRIs made statements to the high level panel discussing the deterrent theory. (more…) "UN High Level Panel on the Death Penalty and Deterrence" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [615] => Array ( [objectID] => 15724 [title] => The Flaws of Deterrence Theory for Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1614038400 [date] => 23/02/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-flaws-of-deterrence-theory-for-capital-punishment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => Joint Oral Statement delivered during the United Nations 46th Human Rights Council Biennial high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty. [texte] => Joint Oral Statement delivered during the United Nations 46th Human Rights Council Biennial high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty. (more…) "The Flaws of Deterrence Theory for Capital Punishment" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [616] => Array ( [objectID] => 15709 [title] => Pakistan’s Supreme Court Repeals Death Penalty for people with intellectual disability [timestamp] => 1612915200 [date] => 10/02/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pakistans-supreme-court-repeals-death-penalty-for-people-with-intellectual-disability/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/pakistan-flag-500x250.jpg [extrait] => By commuting two death sentences, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled that capital punishment cannot be carried out to people with serious mental health issues. [texte] => By commuting two death sentences, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled that capital punishment cannot be carried out to people with serious mental health issues. (more…) "Pakistan’s Supreme Court Repeals Death Penalty for people with intellectual disability" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Intellectual Disability ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [617] => Array ( [objectID] => 14455 [title] => Calling Upon the Council of Paris to Overhaul Bahrain-Owned Paris FC’s Subsidy [timestamp] => 1612483200 [date] => 05/02/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-upon-the-council-of-paris-to-overhaul-partnership-with-bahrain/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/flag-bahrain-500x250.jpg [extrait] => This Tuesday, on February 2, 2021, the Council of Paris will announce its position on the renewal of the yearly €500,000 subvention allocated to the Paris FC. [texte] => This Tuesday, on February 2, 2021, the Council of Paris will announce its position on the renewal of the yearly €500,000 subvention allocated to the Paris FC. (more…) "Calling Upon the Council of Paris to Overhaul Bahrain-Owned Paris FC’s Subsidy" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [618] => Array ( [objectID] => 14213 [title] => 246 People Removed from Death Rows in Zambia [timestamp] => 1611878400 [date] => 29/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/246-people-removed-from-death-rows-in-zambia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/flag-zambia-500x250.jpg [extrait] => President Edgar Lungo announced, on 27 January 2021, that 246 death sentences had been commuted into life, a more than welcome decision that has brought the overall number of commutations to over 500 since 2015. [texte] => President Edgar Lungo announced, on 27 January 2021, that 246 death sentences had been commuted into life, a more than welcome decision that has brought the overall number of commutations to over 500 since 2015. (more…) "246 People Removed from Death Rows in Zambia" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [619] => Array ( [objectID] => 14196 [title] => How Business May Contribute to Universal Abolition [timestamp] => 1611878400 [date] => 29/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-business-may-contribute-to-universal-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Business-and-Universal-Abolition-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have long been at the forefront of the movement for human dignity, as the main, highly-specialized – and sometimes isolated– champions for social justice. However, a new generation of advocates from the private sector, whose primary center of interest or area of expertise seems disconnected from international human rights standards, has been […] [texte] => Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have long been at the forefront of the movement for human dignity, as the main, highly-specialized – and sometimes isolated– champions for social justice. However, a new generation of advocates from the private sector, whose primary center of interest or area of expertise seems disconnected from international human rights standards, has been expressing serious hopes for a fairer global society. (more…) "How Business May Contribute to Universal Abolition" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [620] => Array ( [objectID] => 14156 [title] => Let the Lord Sort Them. The Rise and Fall of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1611705600 [date] => 27/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/let-the-lord-sort-them-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Maurice Chammah (The Marshall Project) explores the rise and fall of capital punishment in Texas where it appears to durably decline in spite of the state's long use of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/554923/let-the-lord-sort-them-by-maurice-chammah/ ) [621] => Array ( [objectID] => 13822 [title] => Resolution 75/183 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1610409600 [date] => 12/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-75-183-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 December 2020 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/75/478/Add.2, para. 89) 75/183. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/RES/75/183 ) [622] => Array ( [objectID] => 13811 [title] => Liechtenstein [timestamp] => 1610064000 [date] => 08/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/liechtenstein/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liechtenstein ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [623] => Array ( [objectID] => 13789 [title] => Tuvalu [timestamp] => 1610064000 [date] => 08/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/tuvalu/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tuvalu ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [624] => Array ( [objectID] => 13778 [title] => Niue [timestamp] => 1610064000 [date] => 08/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/niue/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niue ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [625] => Array ( [objectID] => 12973 [title] => DPIC’s Report on the 2020 Death Penalty Usage in the US [timestamp] => 1609891200 [date] => 06/01/2021 [annee] => 2021 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/dpics-report-on-the-2020-death-penalty-usage-in-the-us/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/DPIC_YearEndReport_2020-500x250.jpg [extrait] => TheDeath Penalty Information Center’s 2020 annual report highlights the continuing trend toward abolition in the US and the resumption of federal executions in a challenging COVID-19 context. [texte] => TheDeath Penalty Information Center’s 2020 annual report highlights the continuing trend toward abolition in the US and the resumption of federal executions in a challenging COVID-19 context. (more…) "DPIC’s Report on the 2020 Death Penalty Usage in the US" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [626] => Array ( [objectID] => 13013 [title] => Statement on the Adoption of the 8th UN General Assembly Resolution for a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1608163200 [date] => 17/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-on-the-adoption-of-the-8th-un-general-assembly-resolution-for-a-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Moratorium_PlenarySession_Vote-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty warmly congratulates the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on the adoption of Resolution A/RES/75/183 for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, which was adopted by a great majority of 123 UN Member States on 16 December 2020. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty warmly congratulates the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on the adoption of Resolution A/RES/75/183 for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, which was adopted by a great majority of 123 UN Member States on 16 December 2020. (more…) "Statement on the Adoption of the 8th UN General Assembly Resolution for a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [627] => Array ( [objectID] => 18484 [title] => Sentenced to Death Without Execution [timestamp] => 1607990400 [date] => 15/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sentenced-to-death-without-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This research is a contribution towards understanding why six small, independent island nations in the Eastern Caribbean – Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, and St Vincent and the Grenadines, all members of the OECS – and the neighbouring island of Barbados retain the death penalty in their criminal statutes, and yet have not executed anyone sentenced to death for a very long time. With the exception of St Kitts and Nevis, where an execution took place in 2008, no-one has been judicially executed in any of the other countries for more than 20 years – and in Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia and Barbados for more than 30 years. Furthermore, death sentences have been imposed within the past 10 years only in St Lucia and Barbados, and in four of these seven nations no-one is under sentence of death on ‘death row’ at the time of writing.The questions posed by this publication are: why do these countries hang on to capital punishment and what are the barriers and hindrances to the complete abolition of capital punishment by these nations [texte] => Sentenced to Death Without ExecutionWhy capital punishment has not yet been abolished in the Eastern Caribbean and BarbadosThe views of opinion formersRoger Hood and Florence Seemungalwith the assistance of Amaya Athill© 2020 The authors All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors. This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of The Death Penalty Project and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. Copies of this report may be obtained from: The Death Penalty Project 87-91 Newman Street LondonW1T 3EY ISBN: 978-1-9996417-5-7This report was made possible by grants to The Death Penalty Project from the European Union (European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights) and the United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office Magna Carta Fund. AcknowledgementsThis study was commissioned by The Death Penalty Project, and funded by the European Union (European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights) and the United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office. It seeks to provide new empirical evidence concerning the opinions of informed, influential citizens towards the retention or abolition of the death penalty in six member states of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and Barbados. The study has been carried out as part of a larger collaborative project funded by the European Union and undertaken by The Death Penalty Project; the Faculty of Law at the University of the West Indies (Cave Hill); local organisations Greater Caribbean for Life and the St Vincent and the Grenadines Human Rights Association; and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Our colleagues in each country played a very important part in selecting people who might agree to be interviewed. We were helped greatly by Dr David Berry, Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of the West Indies, who kindly wrote to these potential participants to explain the purpose of the project, introduce the research team, and make sure everyone was satisfied by a strong guarantee of confidentiality. We are most grateful to them all and to every one of the 100 respondents who generously agreed to give us the benefit of their views on this important issue.We are especially grateful to Amaya M Athill, LLM, attorney-at-law, for her assistance. She carried out 50 of the 100 interviews for this study with exemplary efficiency, grace and care. Dr Florence Seemungal was responsible for the control and conduct of the fieldwork, carrying out the other 50 interviews, coding the responses, and entering the data into an SPSS file. With thanks to Saul Lehrfreund and Parvais Jabbar for appointing us as their consultants once again, and especially to Oskar Butcher and Annette So, at The Death Penalty Project, for the support they have so willingly and expertly provided throughout the conduct of this study. Thanks also to my colleague Professor Carolyn Hoyle for reading the text so closely and for providing wise advice.Roger Hood and Florence SeemungalOxford, December 2019ContentsFOREWORD .................................................................................................................. 7EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................. 11PART ONE: Introduction ............................................................................................... 15PART TWO: Methodology ............................................................................................. 191. The Informants ......................................................................................................................... 202. The Questionnaire..................................................................................................................... 20PART THREE: The Findings.......................................................................................... 231. In favour of retention or in favour of abolition?........................................................................ 242. Extent of knowledge................................................................................................................. 253. Reasons for favouring retention................................................................................................ 274. Reasons for favouring abolition ................................................................................................ 285. Strength of feelings on the issue: how strong a barrier to abolition?......................................... 296. Opinions on why the death penalty has not been abolished ..................................................... 347. How could progress towards abolition be achieved?................................................................. 368. Why not follow the international trend?................................................................................... 37PART FOUR: Conclusions and Implications of The Findings........................................... 41APPENDIX ONE: Facts about the Scope and Implementation of the Death Penalty in their Own Country...... 47APPENDIX TWO: Sample Questionnaire (Grenada)...................................................................................... 51ABOUT THE AUTHORS.............................................................................................. 63Foreword Over the past three decades, enormous strides have been made towards the goal, first adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1971, of achieving the universal abolition of the death penalty.1 At present, only 36 (18%) of the 196 member states are regarded as active retentionists, having carried out an execution within the past 10 years, although in 2018 only 21 did so. In addition to the 114 countries that have abolished the death penalty in law (106 of them completely in all circumstances and eight for all common crimes in peacetime), another 46 are regarded by the United Nations as abolitionist de facto, having carried out no executions for at least 10 years. Twenty-eight of these countries are classified as ‘abolitionist in practice’ by Amnesty International on the grounds that they have made a clear commitment not to resume executions, although it is notable that half of them did impose a death sentence in 2018. According to Amnesty’s report for that year, 55 countries passed at least one death sentence. It is clear, therefore, that the goal of total abolition throughout the world will be achieved sooner if more countries that have ceased executions, but still retain the death penalty in law – and sometimes impose death sentences – can be convinced to abolish the death penalty completely. Hopefully, the research reported here, which aims to investigate why the six countries of the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados have been so reluctant to move from abolition to complete abolition, will contribute to this development. Political progress towards abolition has been notably absent in Caribbean countries, but judicial restrictions on the imposition and carrying out of the death penalty have precipitated the gradual decline in the use of capital punishment since since the landmark judgment of the Privy Council in Pratt v Attorney General of Jamaica in 1993. Today, death sentences are rarely imposed, and death rows remain largely empty. Nine of the 12 Commonwealth Caribbean countries (including all jurisdictions addressed in this study, except for Barbados) have nobody, or only one prisoner, on death row. In Barbados, the 10 prisoners still under sentence of death are currently awaiting resentencing following the 2018 Caribbean Court of Justice ruling, which found the mandatory death penalty to be unconstitutional there.2Across the Caribbean region, executions are extremely rare. The last execution was carried out in St Kitts and Nevis in 2008, when Charles Laplace was hanged in controversial circumstances before he had exhausted the appellate process and where there were unaddressed mental health concerns. Aside from this isolated case, no executions have been carried out in any of the Eastern Caribbean States for more than 20 years. More than 30 years have elapsed since the last execution was carried out in Barbados, Dominica, Grenada or St Lucia. A regional status quo has emerged, whereby the death penalty remains on the statute books but is hardly ever imposed and executions almost never carried out. There is little evidence of a willingness by governments to question this policy: indeed, until very recently, quite the reverse. However, recent developments at an international level indicate that attitudes may be shifting. At the United Nations General Assembly in December 2018, Dominica and Antigua and Barbuda lifted their historical opposition to the 7th Resolution calling for a universal moratorium on executions, voting for the first time to support and abstain from the resolution respectively. With the exception of St Kitts and Nevis, all countries included in this study have signed and/or ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and thus have a clear responsibility to move towards the complete 1 For an updated account and analysis of UN policy see CCPR General Comment No 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the right to life. (CCPR/C/GC/36/Rev.4) para 50. 2Nervais and Severin v The Queen, [2018] CCJ 19 (AJ).78eradication of the death penalty. The ICCPR provides no justification for states merely to pursue a policy aimed at restricting the use of capital punishment, as has been the practice in many Caribbean states. They need to do more than limit the death penalty, and the [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda [1] => Barbados [2] => Dominica [3] => Grenada [4] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [5] => Saint Lucia [6] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2809872v1_wsdocs_-sentencing-to-death-without-execution-2020.pdf ) [628] => Array ( [objectID] => 18476 [title] => Abolition of the Death Penalty in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados [timestamp] => 1607990400 [date] => 15/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-eastern-caribbean-and-barbados/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Greater Caribbean for Life has launched its educational toolkit to assist activists and organisations as they work toward abolishing the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean. The production of this toolkit forms part of GCL’s activities under its EU partnered project to educate on death penalty abolition in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados.The launch of the toolkit is timely as a few of these target countries recently voted against adopting the UN Moratorium on the use of the death penalty and countries that had previously chosen to abstain have now firmly voted against the resolution. GCL members condemn the rise of violent crime in our region and express solidarity and compassion with the victims of crime, however, we reject the notion that capital punishment will act as a deterrent or foster respect for life in our communities.It is our hope that this toolkit will assist in promoting respect for the right to life for all human beings in the Caribbean region. [texte] => 22An Abolitionist Organising ToolkitWHO WE ARE 3Greater Caribbean for Life 4Our Mission 4Our Objectives 4GLOSSARY OF TERMS 5HOW TO USE THIS TOOLKIT 7SECTION ONE 9History of the Death Penalty in the English Speaking Caribbean 9Death Penalty Laws 10Death Penalty Statistics 11Why Isn’t the Death Penalty being used in the English Speaking Caribbean? 11SECTION TWO 16Report Findings 17SECTION THREE 19International Human Rights Instruments 19Regional Human Rights Instruments 22The Case Law: Inter-American Court of Human Rights 26Case 26Year and Country 26Court 26Principle 26DaCosta Cadogan v. Barbados[5] 26The Inter-American Commission Report on the Death Penalty 27SECTION FOUR 32What is the Goal? 32Ways to Mobilise 33Public Outreach 36SECTION FIVE 42Notes: 433344WHO WE AREGreater Caribbean for LifeGreater Caribbean for Life / Gran Caribe por la Vida was constituted in 2013 in Trinidad and Tobago by Caribbean organisations and activists with the purpose of campaigning for and working towards the complete abolition of the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean and supporting Caribbean abolitionist activists and organizations in the region [Mexico, Central America, The Caribbean Islands, Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guyanas] and collaborating with the international abolitionist community. Our MissionThe Greater Caribbean for Life aims at campaigning for and working towards the permanent abolition of the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean; supporting Caribbean abolitionist activists and organizations in this Region; and collaborating with the international abolitionist community.Our Objectives• Spearhead the lobbying efforts to convince Caribbean decision-makers to abolish the death penalty• Build the grassroots struggle in the region by encouraging activism• Campaign and educate the wider Caribbean public about the need to abolish the death penalty• Support Caribbean activists with all the tools, information and strategies necessary to campaign for abolition• Cooperate with and take part in the international campaigning efforts against the death penalty55GLOSSARY OF TERMSABOLITIONIST FOR ALL CRIMES Countries whose laws do not provide for the death penalty for any crime.ABOLITIONIST FOR ORDINARY CRIMESCountries whose laws provide for the death penalty only for exceptional crimes, such as crimes under military law or during war.ABOLITIONIST IN PRACTICE Countries which retain the death penalty in law for ordinary crimes but have not executed anyone during the past 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions.RETENTIONIST Countries that retain the death penalty in law for ordinary crimes, such as murder, in times of peace and do not meet criteria for “abolitionist in practice”.CLEMENCY An act showing mercy or leniency, usually by the executive, by lessening or even completely eradicating a sentence; used as a general term covering both commutations and pardons.COMMUTATION The death sentence is replaced by a less severe punishment, such as a term of imprisonment, often by the judiciary on appeal, but sometimes also by the executive.66GREATER CARIBBEAN The Greater Caribbean, also known as the Caribbean Basin, is composed of 25 countries. It includes 13 Caribbean islands, the Caribbean states of South America, and the countries of Central America and Mexico (in addition to Puerto Rico, and the US, British, Dutch and French Caribbean territories).PARDON The convicted person is completely exempted from further punishment; this can be granted for a variety of reasons, usually by the executive such as the head of state or government, or in some cases by clemency boards which have been given final authority.EXONERATION After sentencing and the conclusion of the appeals process, the convicted person is later freed from blame or acquitted of the original criminal charge, and therefore is regarded as innocent in the eyes of the law.MOST SERIOUS CRIMES The only category of crimes to which the use of the death penalty must be restricted to under international law. International bodies have interpreted this as being limited to crimes involving intentional killing.MORATORIUM ON EXECUTIONS / ON THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYA public commitment made by the highest authorities or courts, which officially suspends the carrying out of death sentences, or even imposition of the death penalty as such; this should not be confused with a period of time where executions have in fact not been carried out.77HOW TO USE THIS TOOLKITThis toolkit is for YOU - an activist who is working or who is interested in working on the abolition of the death penalty in the Caribbean. It is intended to equip you with some key advocacy tools to effectively influence the institutions and individuals who can make abolition a reality. We know this topic can be heavy and hard. Our goal is to ensure you have all of the relevant information at your fingertips. This toolkit is not intended to be an exhaustive guide. Activism on the abolition of the death penalty in the Englishspeaking Caribbean has a long history, and new challenges and opportunities continue to arise. The toolkit is divided into five sections.SECTION ONE:DEATH PENALTY ACROSS THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING CARIBBEANSets out the history and development of the mandatory death penalty in our target Caribbean Countries. SECTION TWO:WHAT DO PEOPLE IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING CARIBBEAN THINK OF THE DEATH PENALTY?Highlights the main points from the Death Penalty Project UK’s study “Sentenced to Death Without Execution: Why capital punishment has not yet been abolished in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados”SECTION THREE:DEATH PENALTY IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING CARIBBEAN AND INTERNATIONAL LAWSets out the international law framework around the death penalty and the relationship between Caribbean countries and the international and regional human rights instruments.88SECTION FOURTOOLS TO COMBAT THE DEATH PENALTYFocuses on some practical approaches to carrying out advocacy at national and regional levels. This provides key tools, suggestions and tips for advocacy that can be used to strengthen and broaden work against the death penalty.SECTION FIVEADDITIONAL RESOURCESHighlights links with other organizations, groups and websites with key information, suggestions and guidance for campaigns for abolition. 99SECTION ONEThis toolkit focuses on 7 countries within the English-Speaking Caribbean, namely:Antigua and BarbudaBarbadosDominicaGrenada St. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesThe focus on these countries is intentional as these nations retain the death penalty in their legislation and form part of GCL’s collaborative project with the European Union to advance abolition efforts.History of the Death Penalty in the English-Speaking CaribbeanThe imposition in the Caribbean of the mandatory sentence of death by hanging as a punishment for murder is a legacy of British colonialism which has been incorporated into our relevant criminal codes and statutes.Subsequent to the wave of Independence in the Caribbean, legal challenges to the mandatory death penalty began to arise by way of challenges to its constitutional validity. As a result, the development of the thinking around the imposition, moralities, 1010and practicalities of the death penalty has been extensively undertaken by variouslevels of the Caribbean court system (as we will discuss further below). Therefore, a body of case law has developed which has restricted both the use of the mandatory death sentence and carrying out of an execution. Despite this, developments in our jurisprudence on the issue of mandatory death penalty, the codification of the mandatory death sentence in murder cases remains largely unchanged in our criminal codes and legislation in our target English speaking Caribbean countries.Death Penalty LawsThe table below is a guide to where the death penalty is codified in law in the target English speaking Caribbean countries.Country Code/Legislation Section WordingAntigua and BarbudaOffences against the Person ActSection 2 - Murder Whosoever is convicted of murder shall suffer death as a felon. Barbados Offences against the Person Act Section 2 -Punishment for MurderAny person convicted of murder shall be sentenced to, and suffer, death.*Note: The Barbados Constitutional Amendment Act 2019has now made the mandatory death penalty unconstitutional Dominica Offences against the Person ActSection 2 - Murder Any person who is convicted of murder shall suffer the penalty of death.Grenada Criminal Code Section XVIII -Criminal Homicide and Similar Offences Whoever commits murder shall be liable to suffer death1111Country Code/Legislation Section WordingSt. Lucia Criminal Code Section 86(1) -Capital MurderSubject to subsection (2), murder committed in any of the following circumstances is capital murder… St. Vincent and the Grenadines Criminal Code Section 159 (1) -Definition of Murder(1) Any person who, with malice aforethought, causes the death of another person by an unlawful act or omission is guilty of murder and, subject to the provisions of section 24(2) and (3), shall be sentenced to death.Death Penalty StatisticsDespite the death penalty still being on the books in our target countries, none have carried out executions in recent years. This is because the jurisprudence as it has developed in the Caribbean has restricted the carrying out of executions in many important ways. As a result, persons on death row have had their sentences commuted to life, reduced, or pardoned.Country Last ExecutionLast Death Sentence ImposedNumber on Death Row in 2019Murder Rate per 100,000Antigua & Barbuda 1991 2000 0 9Dominica 1986 2000 0 14Grenada 1978 2002 0 9St. Kitts & Nevis 2008 2008 0 56St. Vincent & the Grenadines 1995 2008 1 36Barbados 1984 2016 7 8Source: Statistics from Research by the Death Penalty Project UK, Amnesty international and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime. 1212Why Isn’t the Death Penalt [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/an-abolitionist-educational-toolkit.pdf ) [629] => Array ( [objectID] => 12335 [title] => Moratoria del uso de la pena de muerte. Informe del Secretario General (2020) [timestamp] => 1607644800 [date] => 11/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moratoria-del-uso-de-la-pena-de-muerte-informe-del-secretario-general-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Informe de las Naciones Unidas ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/es/A/75/309 ) [630] => Array ( [objectID] => 12334 [title] => Мораторий на применение смертной казни. Доклад Генерального секретаря [timestamp] => 1607644800 [date] => 11/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/%d0%bc%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d1%81%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b9-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b7-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Доклад Организации Объединенных Наций ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/ru/A/75/309 ) [631] => Array ( [objectID] => 12336 [title] => Moratoire sur l’application de la peine de mort. Rapport du Secrétaire général [timestamp] => 1607644800 [date] => 11/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moratoire-sur-lapplication-de-la-peine-de-mort-rapport-du-secretaire-general/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Rapport des Nations Unies ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/fr/A/75/309 ) [632] => Array ( [objectID] => 12292 [title] => 256 Death Sentences Commuted Into Life in Tanzania [timestamp] => 1607644800 [date] => 11/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/256-death-sentences-commuted-into-life-in-tanzania/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Tanzania_Flag-1-500x289.jpg [extrait] => On the occasion of Tanzania’s Independence Day on 9 December, President John Magufuli announced he would commute the death sentences of 256 convicts into life imprisonment. The law say I must hang all 256 of them. [But] [w]ho will be more sinful – those convicted of killing one, two, or three people, or me, who […] [texte] => On the occasion of Tanzania's Independence Day on 9 December, President John Magufuli announced he would commute the death sentences of 256 convicts into life imprisonment.The law say I must hang all 256 of them. [But] [w]ho will be more sinful – those convicted of killing one, two, or three people, or me, who is required to kill 256?John Magufuli, President of the United Republic of TanzaniaThe last known execution in Tanzania was carried out in 1994, yet this landmark decision marks a significant first for the country and offers new impetus to the abolitionist movement both at national and international level.Source : Anadolu Agency [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [633] => Array ( [objectID] => 13029 [title] => Statement on the occasion of the International Human Rights Day [timestamp] => 1607558400 [date] => 10/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-on-the-occasion-of-the-international-human-rights-day/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/universal-declaration-of-human-rights-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Humanity and the global human rights movement, including the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, are celebrating the 72nd anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 1948. This day has been commemorated by the United Nations as International Human Rights Day. [texte] => Humanity and the global human rights movement, including the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, are celebrating the 72nd anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 1948. This day has been commemorated by the United Nations as International Human Rights Day. (more…) "Statement on the occasion of the International Human Rights Day" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [634] => Array ( [objectID] => 12273 [title] => Community of Sant’Egidio Calls for Universal Abolition with Cities for Life, Cities Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1607385600 [date] => 08/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/community-of-santegidio-calls-for-universal-abolition-with-cities-for-life-cities-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Community-of-Sant-Egidio-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The discussion was chaired by Mario Marazitti, who stood in front of broadcasted live images of the light-draped Colosseum in Rome, Italy, displaying the slogan of this international key event, “No Justice Without Life”. [texte] => The discussion was chaired by Mario Marazitti, who stood in front of broadcasted live images of the light-draped Colosseum in Rome, Italy, displaying the slogan of this international key event, “No Justice Without Life”. (more…) "Community of Sant’Egidio Calls for Universal Abolition with Cities for Life, Cities Against the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy [1] => Malaysia [2] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [635] => Array ( [objectID] => 12231 [title] => Calling for an End to the Federal Executions of the Outgoing Trump Administration [timestamp] => 1607385600 [date] => 08/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calling-for-an-end-to-the-federal-executions-of-the-outgoing-trump-administration/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/USWhiteHouse-2-500x263.jpg [extrait] => A few days after losing the national election to President-Elect Joe Biden, the Donald Trump administration in the United States of America has continued scheduling a spree of federal executions in an attempt to push its cruel, inhuman and degrading death penalty agenda forward. President Trump resumed federal executions in July 2020, breaking a 17-year […] [texte] => A few days after losing the national election to President-Elect Joe Biden, the Donald Trump administration in the United States of America has continued scheduling a spree of federal executions in an attempt to push its cruel, inhuman and degrading death penalty agenda forward. President Trump resumed federal executions in July 2020, breaking a 17-year moratorium. President-Elect Biden, who is set to be sworn into office on the 21 January 2021, has vowed to eliminate capital punishment at the federal level and to incentivize states to follow suit. Refusing to have his death penalty agenda overturned by deferring executions to the incoming Biden administration, Trump has given the green light to hastily carry out federal executions as his days at the White House quickly vanish. Given that the American people voted for President-Elect Joe Biden and his abolitionist platform, the scheduled executions violate this democratic process, not only the most basic human right to a decent life.In the four-month lead-up to the November 2020 American presidential elections, seven executions were conducted – far more than the number any other presidential administration has carried out in the last 78 years, the same as all retentionist states together. Just a few weeks after the pronouncement of Trump’s electoral defeat, the Department of Justice (DOJ) carried out another execution on the 20th November and announced its intention to proceed with a total of seven executions – three planned for December and another four in January – by the time Biden takes office. The last execution carried out in the midst of a presidential transition was during Grover Cleveland’s first presidency in 1888-1889, making Trump the first outgoing president to resort to lame-duck executions and break “normal rules of civility” in over a century. By the time he leaves office, President Trump will have put more people to death within half a year than any other President in a whole term in American history.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its member organizations strongly condemn the Trump administration’s intentions to proceed with these lame-duck federal executions and call for an immediate moratorium on all executions. Transitions of power are times for pardons and commutations, not for wantonly applying this outdated and inhumane punishment. Pardons and commutations constitute a better and longer-lasting legacy for his outgoing administration – one founded upon the respect of democracy rather than on the continued violation of human rights. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [636] => Array ( [objectID] => 11863 [title] => About the Library [timestamp] => 1607040000 [date] => 04/12/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/about-the-library/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For a resource to be placed in the library, two main criteria need to be satisfied. Firstly, the resource needs to be substantially based on the death penalty or shed light on a particular issue relevant to the death penalty.Secondly, the resources need to be published after the year 2000, to ensure that only the […] [texte] => For a resource to be placed in the library, two main criteria need to be satisfied. Firstly, the resource needs to be substantially based on the death penalty or shed light on a particular issue relevant to the death penalty.Secondly, the resources need to be published after the year 2000, to ensure that only the most up-to-date information is made available (exceptions to this criterion are made if the resource is deemed to be of great importance and its information has not been covered in a resource published after 2000).The library is user-friendly and resources can be searched by theme (e.g. death row conditions, mental illness, foreign nationals, juveniles, lethal injection, etc.), by country (e.g. China, USA, Belarus, etc.) or by region (e.g. Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, etc.). If necessary, a resource may have multiply themes, countries and regions. Each result found is accompanied by a short summary of the resource to help you with your research.This library should be used in conjunction with the Death Penalty Worldwide database. Together, these two resources will save you an enormous amount of time and effort in your search through the endless amount of information that exists on the death penalty by providing you with already collated and categorised resources and information.The library's creation would not have been possible without the efforts of World Coalition staff, namely; Emile Carreau for putting this together; Tara Wray for all her hard work trawling through reams of resources to be added; Aurélie Plaçais for her guidance and expertise on the death penalty; and Thomas Hubert for his technical support and patience.A big thanks must also go out to the World Coalition's member organisations and network of human rights academics. With their help, we were able to find the bulk of leading resources on the death penalty. Likewise, a big thanks to all those that helped translate keywords which will ensure that the library is a tool for everybody the world over.This library is a work in progress and will continue to expand. The World Coalition hopes that you will help us to improve this tool by contacting us when you know of a resource that has not yet been added. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [637] => Array ( [objectID] => 11205 [title] => The Process of Abolishing the Death Penalty in Members States of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation [timestamp] => 1606435200 [date] => 27/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-process-of-abolishing-the-death-penalty-in-members-states-of-the-organisation-of-islamic-cooperation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As the 47th session of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is being held on 27-28 November 2020 in Niamey, Niger, ECPM and Nael Georges release this study, "The Process of Abolishing the Death Penalty in Member States of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation". [texte] => METHODOLOGYThis study is based on an in-depth analysis of documentaryresources related to the processes involved in abolishing the deathpenalty in some of the OIC member States: periodic reports sent bythese States to United Nations (UN) bodies – such as the HumanRights Council and Committee against Torture –, observationsfrom these committees, regional reports related to human rights,national legislation and key political decisions adopted by theStates in question. To fulfil the research aspect on the issue ofthe death penalty in Islam, we studied the sources of Islamic law,certain Islamic documents – including some relating to humanrights in Islam – as well as publications stating the positionsof a number of religious leaders on the abolition of the deathpenalty. As part of this study, we also identified certain international,regional, national and Islamic figures who may be able toenlighten us or who played a role in this battle. We conductedinterviews with some of these figures, a list of which appears atthe end of the publication. Using the documents in our possessionand interviews, we examined issues surrounding abolishingthe death penalty in Islam and the political and legal systems inthe States in question.This study shall show that the process towards abolition differsfrom one State to the next. The involvement of parliamentarians,figures in civil society and politicians tended to play a decisiverole. International pressure and certain States wishing to presentthe image of a country that respects human rights or is opento democratic values also produced results. The involvementof certain States at international conferences, namely the UNand European Union (EU), resulted in a promise of abolition andsupport of the Second Optional Protocol to the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition ofthe death penalty (OP2). There was a constitutional amendmentto abolish the death penalty in some States such as Turkey;the role of the constitutional court in Benin proved decisive instopping it being used; criminal and martial laws also requiredmodification to remove any reference to capital punishmentin abolitionist countries; last but not least, life being sacred in20 21 THE PROCESS OF ABOLISHING THE DEATH PENALTYIN MEMBER STATES OF THE ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATIONECPM2020certain African traditions led some African States to abolish it.Our work first requires an exploration of the death penalty inIslam then an observation of the processes towards abolitionwith case studies of several abolitionist OIC member States.INTRODUCTIONThe use of the death penalty affects human dignity. It is an unjustpunishment akin to torture. The States that apply it don’t tend tohave an independent legal system to guarantee fair trials. Moreover,this form of punishment is often inflicted on the most disadvantaged,discriminated or marginalised people in society, namelyreligious and ethnic minorities. Capital punishment is also usedas a political weapon against opponents and those who exercisetheir unquestionable right to freedom of speech. It creates a climateof fear that increases when executions take place in publicsuch as in countries with an authoritarian regime, as Iran.2 ThePalestinian poet and writer Ashraf Fayadh is currently in prisonin Saudi Arabia. He was sentenced to death for “apostasy”3 andpromoting “atheism in his writing”.4 Mahmoud Muhammad Taha,a Sudanese religious thinker, was hanged in 1985 following pressurefrom Islamic fundamentalists for trying to modernise Islam.5Evolution in the interpretation of Islam have resulted in freedomof speech being respected and the death penalty being abolished.Its abolition in member States of the Organisation of IslamicCooperation (OIC) is therefore essential to promoting respect forhuman rights, democratic change and development.The involvement of States that are now members of the OIC indeveloping international human rights instruments has been asignificant step towards the universal protection of these rights.Countless Muslim-majority States have contributed to writing theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).6 The declarationclearly states in its article 3 that “Everyone has the right to life,liberty and security of person.”7 Recent decades have also seen2 Iran Human Rights (IHR) and Together against the Death Penalty (ECPM), 12th AnnualReport on the Death Penalty in Iran, 2020, p. 41 and sqq., available on: http://www.ecpm.org/en/release-of-the-12th-annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran/3 Cf. infra. Part 1, III. Sources of Islamic law and the death penalty.4 His sentence was commuted to 8 years in prison and 800 lashes following internationalpressure on the Saudi Arabian Government.5 Cf. infra. Part 1, IV. ii. Islam and secularism.6 They include Egypt, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, Turkeyand Yemen.7 In principle, like other international declarations, this declaration constitutes a voluntaryinstrument. It has no legally binding value for UN member States. However, the UDHRmay constitute a source of international law due to its universal nature.22 23 THE PROCESS OF ABOLISHING THE DEATH PENALTYIN MEMBER STATES OF THE ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATIONECPM2020a significant change in the positions of OIC member States withregards to human rights.This study intends to support the call to abolish the death penaltyin all these States. It analyses the stages involved in the abolitionprocess and details the role of various figures in this area to betterunderstand the events that led some of them to abolish the deathpenalty. This work is intended for international, regional and nationalfigures, including civil society and other human rights advocates. Itis a tool that will ultimately support capacity building and advocacyactivities. Analysing the political and legal issues surrounding theabolition of the death penalty in OIC member States provides abetter understanding of its obstacles and an overview of the elementsrequired for abolition to spread throughout the OIC.Religion plays a significant part in the respect of human rights ingeneral and the abolition of the death penalty in particular. Islamis a vital political and legal power in most OIC member Statestoday. Several of these States’ Governments often present thereligious argument to justify imposing the death penalty: abolishingthis sentence would be impossible as it would go againstIslamic precepts. However, certain religious leaders agree thatthere is no religious consensus in Islam on the absolute necessityto enforce the death penalty and several Muslim-majorityStates have already abolished capital punishment.Saudi Arabia and Iran are among the States that use the deathpenalty the most in the world. They continue to enforce a very strictinterpretation of Islamic Sharia resulting in countless executions inthe name of Islam. Capital punishment is used for purely religiouscrimes such as blasphemy, apostasy, adultery and homosexuality;8however, there is always a political factor: ordinary crimes suchas conspiracy and drug trafficking are punishable by death. Areport published in 2020 by the UN9 states: “The Human Rights8 Twelve States, all Muslim, currently impose the death penalty for “crimes” related tohomosexuality: Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Brunei, United Arab Emirates, Iran, Mauritania,Pakistan, Qatar, Sudan, Yemen, Somalia and certain regions of Nigeria. See ECPM, Le Bagneau pays des sables. Peine de mort, conditions de détention et de traitement des condamnésà mort - Mauritanie (Forced labour in the land of sand. The death penalty, prison conditionsand treatment of death row inmates - Mauritania), 2019, p. 49, available in French on: http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/Mauritanie-Le-bagne-au-pays-des-sables.pdf9 Human Rights Council, Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in theIslamic Republic of Iran, Forty third session [A/HRC/43/61], 24 February-20 March 2020,available on: https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/43/61Council has deemed public executions contrary to the provisionsof the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. (…) Thedeath penalty continues to be heavily imposed for a large numberof offences, in violation of article 6 in the International Covenanton Civil and Political Rights which States that states parties thathave not yet abolished the death penalty should only use it for themost serious crimes. Based on the unchanging definition of theHuman Rights Council, the most serious crimes involve murder.10The Islamic criminal code does not restrict the death penalty tothese offences. For example, the death penalty may be used incases of adultery, sexual relations between consenting men oroffences that are not clearly defined such as efsad-e fel-arz(‘spreading corruption on Earth’).” The 12th Annual Report on theDeath Penalty by Iran Human Rights (IHR) and Together againstthe Death Penalty (ECPM) provides an evaluation and analysis oftrends regarding the death penalty in 2019 in the Islamic Republicof Iran, where at least 280 people were executed last year.11This study aims to combat the death penalty worldwide andsupport its universal abolition. Considering the importance ofreligion in the debate surrounding the abolition or retention of thedeath penalty, it also reviews Islamic criminal law and addressesIslamic perspectives to move away from using this punishment.10 Cf. supra, General comment n° 36 of the UN Human Rights Committee.11 IHR and ECPM, op. cit., p. 7."It is vital that we differentiatebetween the Koran, from whichmuch of the raw material forproducing Islamic law is derived,and the law itself. While itsrevelatory inspiration is divine,Islamic law is man-madeand thus subject to humaninterpretation and revision."Abdurrahman Wahidformer President of IndonesiaIndonesia24 25 THE PROCESS OF ABOLISHING THE DEATH PENALTYIN MEMBER STATES OF THE ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATIONECPM2020PART ITHE OICAN [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Albania [2] => Algeria [3] => Azerbaijan [4] => Bahrain [5] => Brunei Darussalam [6] => Burkina Faso [7] => Cameroon [8] => Chad [9] => Comoros [10] => Djibouti [11] => Egypt [12] => Indonesia [13] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [14] => Iraq [15] => Jordan [16] => Kazakhstan [17] => Kuwait [18] => Kyrgyzstan [19] => Lebanon [20] => Libya [21] => Malaysia [22] => Maldives [23] => Mali [24] => Morocco [25] => Mozambique [26] => Niger [27] => Nigeria [28] => Oman [29] => Qatar [30] => Saudi Arabia [31] => Sierra Leone [32] => Somalia [33] => Sudan [34] => Suriname [35] => Tajikistan [36] => Togo [37] => Tunisia [38] => Turkey [39] => Turkmenistan [40] => Uganda [41] => United Arab Emirates [42] => Uzbekistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/rapport-OCI-2020-GB-191120-web.pdf ) [638] => Array ( [objectID] => 8689 [title] => How to become a member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/how-to-become-a-member-of-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The subscription to the World Coalition is limited to legal entities only (associations, bar associations, cities, NGOs, trade unions…). The World Coalition is open to every organization committed against capital punishment. Each candidate must be approved by the Steering Committee after review of its application file. If you want to become a new member of […] [texte] => The subscription to the World Coalition is limited to legal entities only (associations, bar associations, cities, NGOs, trade unions…). The World Coalition is open to every organization committed against capital punishment. Each candidate must be approved by the Steering Committee after review of its application file. If you want to become a new member of the World Coalition, please fill in the application form by clicking here.Once you became a member, you can join any Working Group you are interested in to promote the immediate, definitive and universal end of the death penalty worldwide over different aspects covered by the World Coalition’s work (World Day, international advocacy, United Nations moratorium, countries where capital punishment is at risk of resurgence…).All members which are up to date with their fees are entitled to vote in the General Assembly of the World Coalition. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [639] => Array ( [objectID] => 11043 [title] => Someone on death row needs help. Could you do anything? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/someone-on-death-row-needs-help-could-you-do-anything/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => We do feel deeply concerned every time someone is sentenced to death somewhere in the world. Unfortunately, the World Coalition does not work directly on individual cases but some of its members do. We strongly encourage you to contact a member based in your country or region by clicking here [texte] => We do feel deeply concerned every time someone is sentenced to death somewhere in the world. Unfortunately, the World Coalition does not work directly on individual cases but some of its members do. We strongly encourage you to contact a member based in your country or region by clicking here [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [640] => Array ( [objectID] => 11044 [title] => Why abolish the death penalty? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/why-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 1- No State should have the power to take a person’s life. 2- It is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from judicial error and innocent people are likely to be sentenced to death or executed. 3- It unfair. The death penalty is discriminatory and is often used disproportionately against people who are poor, people […] [texte] => 1- No State should have the power to take a person’s life.2- It is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from judicial error and innocent people are likely to be sentenced to death or executed.3- It unfair. The death penalty is discriminatory and is often used disproportionately against people who are poor, people with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, and members of racial and ethnic minority groups. In some places, the imposition of the death penalty is used to target groups based on sexual orientation, gender identity, political opinion, or religion.4- It is inhuman, cruel, and degrading. Conditions on death row and the anguish of facing execution inflict extreme psychological suffering, and execution is a physical and mental assault.5- It denies any possibility of rehabilitation.It does not offer justice to murder victim’s families: the effects of murder cannot be erased by more killing, and the death system prolongs the suffering of victims’ families.6- It is applied overwhelmingly in violation of international standards: it breaches the principles of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that everyone has the right to life and that no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. On eight occasions, the United Nations General Assembly has called for the establishment of a moratorium on the use of the death penalty (Resolutions 62/149 in 2007, 63/168 in 2008, 65/206 in 2010, 67/176 in 2012, 69/186 in 2014, 71/187 in 2016, 73/175 in 2018, 75/183 in 2020).7- It creates more pain, particularly for the relatives of the person sentenced to death, including children, who will be subjected to the violence of programmed and forced mourning.8- It counterproductive, because by instituting the killing of a human being as a criminal solution, the death penalty endorses the idea of murder more than it fights it.9- It is inefficient and does not keep society safe. It has never been conclusively shown that the death penalty deters crime more effectively than life imprisonment.10- Not all murder victims’ families want the death penalty. A large and growing number of crime victims’ families worldwide reject the death penalty and are speaking out against it, saying it does not bring back or honor their murdered family member, does not heal the pain of the murder, and violates their ethical and religious beliefs. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [641] => Array ( [objectID] => 11045 [title] => Do you have information for my research? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/i-would-need-information-for-my-research/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition offers an online library of more than 2,000 free-to-access documents, including reports from NGOs or international human rights mechanisms, advocacy tools and articles written by the Secretariat. These documents focus on a wide range of themes related to the death penalty issue (fair trial, death row conditions, discriminations etc.) and provide many […] [texte] => The World Coalition offers an online library of more than 2,000 free-to-access documents, including reports from NGOs or international human rights mechanisms, advocacy tools and articles written by the Secretariat. These documents focus on a wide range of themes related to the death penalty issue (fair trial, death row conditions, discriminations etc.) and provide many facts and figures on national profiles or on international and regional trends. Feel free to use them and to suggest new documents to add to this list. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [642] => Array ( [objectID] => 11046 [title] => Can you finance a project against the death penalty? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/finance-a-project-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition does not have the capacity to finance every project related to the abolition of the death penalty worldwide, but some of its members can help you. We strongly encourage you to contact a member in your country or region to be provided help regarding your project. [texte] => The World Coalition does not have the capacity to finance every project related to the abolition of the death penalty worldwide, but some of its members can help you. We strongly encourage you to contact a member in your country or region to be provided help regarding your project. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [643] => Array ( [objectID] => 11047 [title] => How do I join the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/join-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => All our jobs and traineeships ads, as well as our calls for actions projects, are available here. [texte] => All our jobs and traineeships ads, as well as our calls for actions projects, are available here. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [644] => Array ( [objectID] => 11048 [title] => Can I volunteer with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty? [timestamp] => 1606089600 [date] => 23/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/volunteer-with-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => We thank you a lot for your interest in getting involved within the abolitionist community. However, please note the World Coalition only works with legal entities and as such does not hire volunteers. [texte] => We thank you a lot for your interest in getting involved within the abolitionist community. However, please note the World Coalition only works with legal entities and as such does not hire volunteers. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [645] => Array ( [objectID] => 10689 [title] => Legal information [timestamp] => 1605830400 [date] => 20/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/legal-information/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Credits This website is published by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. Director: Aurélie PlaçaisProgram Manager: Bronwyn DudleyAdministrative and Financial Manager: Wilfred GondoroLogisitics and Partnership Manager: Carlos ValeraWeb-Editor: Hédia Zaalouni Development and production: Moduloo (J Villalard)Graphic design: Les poulets bicyclettes Hosting : OVH Copyright informationThe contents of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons license which gives […] [texte] => CreditsThis website is published by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Director: Aurélie PlaçaisProgram Manager: Bronwyn DudleyAdministrative and Financial Manager: Wilfred GondoroLogisitics and Partnership Manager: Carlos ValeraWeb-Editor: Hédia ZaalouniDevelopment and production: Moduloo (J Villalard)Graphic design: Les poulets bicyclettesHosting : OVHCopyright informationThe contents of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons license which gives you the right to copy it provided that you give the original author credit. You may not use it for commercial purposes nor alter or transform it. This license applies to the entire website unless otherwise stated.Personal informationThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty collects information which you provide by filling in the forms on the site (contact, membership, signing up to the newsletter and so on). In conformity with French law, you have the right to access and correct the information you concerning.CookiesThis internet site uses cookies to make navigation easier. These cookies are not used to collect information without your knowledge or to access your computer.For more information, please contact us. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [646] => Array ( [objectID] => 10588 [title] => The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty Highlights the Life-Saving Importance of Effective Legal Representation in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1605657600 [date] => 18/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-highlights-the-life-saving-importance-of-effective-legal-representation-in-capital-cases/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/world-day-500x224.jpg [extrait] => The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty explored the theme “Access to Counsel: A Matter of Life or Death” in light of the continued execution of individuals who struggle to have adequate support from their lawyers, who consequently also face their own challenges in the judicial system. Having access to qualified and effective representation […] [texte] => The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty explored the theme “Access to Counsel: A Matter of Life or Death” in light of the continued execution of individuals who struggle to have adequate support from their lawyers, who consequently also face their own challenges in the judicial system. Having access to qualified and effective representation at all stages of a trial is important to ensuring due process, and can spell the difference between life and death for people facing capital punishment. Although access to effective legal representation is guaranteed in most constitutions and human rights instruments, many justice systems continue to violate this right.The abolitionist community commemorated the World Day through advocacy, art, education, policy, and protest. This year’s World Day was marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has prompted many of the World Coalition’s members and partners to hold their events virtually or to modify them to take safety measures into account.Asia: Taking Bigger Strides Towards Regional AbolitionKazakhstan recently signed the Second Optional Protocol (OP2), aiming at the abolition of the death penalty – a step that was welcomed warmly by the global abolitionist community. In a high-level conference dedicated to the World Day, Kazakhstan’s Foreign Minister Mukhtar Tileuberdi spoke out against the death penalty and stressed the country’s commitment to upholding the fundamental right to life and human dignity. Tileuberdi hoped that Kazkahstan could lead the way towards making Central Asia a region completely free of the death penalty.In the Philippines, two webinars were organized by local NGO Karapatan and the Commission on Human Rights, with the latter launching a research study titled “In Defense of the Right to Life: Analyzing Factors Affecting Filipino Opinion About the Death Penalty” and the Right to Life website, which serves as a database containing information about the death penalty and a repository of advocacy tools.Africa: Bringing People Together Through Art and PolicyIn Uganda, the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative’s commemoration of the World Day was featured a wide range of activities, including the singing of songs by St. Egidio Children’s Choir, the reading of a poem by Katika Africa, the delivery of testimonies by former death row inmates, and presentations by Uganda Prisons Service and the Makerere University.The Republic of Congo chapter of the international NGO Action des Chrétiens pour l’Abolition de la torture (ACAT) organized a symposium that gathered members of the Senate, the National Assembly, the National Commission for Human Rights, and the Ministry of Justice, among many others. ACAT Congo explained the importance of the OP-2 and called on parliamentarians to ratify the instrument.In Egypt, the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights published a comprehensive article explaining the right to access a lawyer and an effective defense for those sentenced to death. They situate such discussions within the Egyptian legal framework and provide answers to questions that are important in capital cases, such as “How can attorney-client communication be effective?” and “Are lawyers assigned to cases accompanied by a death sentence?”.Media Coverage: Amplifying Public Statements and Social Media Posts from Every Corner of the WorldWith the constraints posed by the pandemic, the abolitionist community took to the online sphere to express support for the 18th World Day. The World Coalition led a 10-day countdown on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, which featured statistics and fun facts about abolitionist progress, as well as testimonies from people on death row and their lawyers. For the first time, Facebook profile picture frames bearing the visuals of this year’s World Day theme were launched in both English and French. On WhatsApp, tools were sent to partners on the African continent, which they then disseminated to nearly 3,400 people in their networks. Thousands of posts from civilians, embassies, political figures, and organizations used the hashtag #nodeathpenalty to express support for the abolitionist movement.Organizations at local, regional, and international levels have also expressed support for the World Day through statements and press releases. In a joint statement, the European Union and the Council of Europe reiterated their opposition to the use of capital punishment and called on member states to support the moratorium resolution at the 75th session of the UN General Assembly. The African Commission on Human & People’s rights also published a communique condemning capital punishment. The national governments of many abolitionist countries released press statements expressing their commitment to the cause, including Australia, Belgium, France, and Portugal, among many others. Canada reiterated its “strong opposition to the use of the death penalty in all cases, everywhere” and announced its intention to join the Support Group of the International Commission Against the Death Penalty, further strengthening the abolitionist cause at the occasion of the World Day. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia [1] => Belgium [2] => Canada [3] => Congo [4] => Egypt [5] => France [6] => Kazakhstan [7] => Philippines [8] => Portugal [9] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [647] => Array ( [objectID] => 10560 [title] => 120 UN Member States Support the Moratorium at Committee Vote [timestamp] => 1605657600 [date] => 18/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/120-un-member-states-supports-the-moratorium-at-committee-vote/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/UnitedNations-500x263.jpg [extrait] => On 17 November, the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly has adopted a draft resolution calling upon UN Member States to observe a moratorium on executions. [texte] => On 17 November, the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly has adopted a draft resolution calling upon UN Member States to observe a moratorium on executions. (more…) "120 UN Member States Support the Moratorium at Committee Vote" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo [1] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [2] => Djibouti [3] => Eswatini [4] => Guinea [5] => Lebanon [6] => Mexico [7] => Nauru [8] => Philippines [9] => Republic of Korea [10] => Sierra Leone [11] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [648] => Array ( [objectID] => 10570 [title] => Voting record – Draft resolution A/C.3/75/L.41 as amended, Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1605657600 [date] => 18/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/voting-record-draft-resolution-a-c-3-75-l-41-as-amended-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://www.un.org/en/ga/third/75/docs/voting_sheets/L.41.pdf ) [649] => Array ( [objectID] => 10547 [title] => UPR 36th Session Debriefed on Facebook Live [timestamp] => 1605571200 [date] => 17/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/upr-36th-session-debriefed-on-facebook-live/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/live-facebook-500x263.jpg [extrait] => As the 36th session of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) was being held under the auspices of the UN Human Rights Council from 02 to 13 November, the Advocates for Human Rights, a member organization of the World Coalition, facilitated Facebook live debriefings to cover the review of States that have not yet abolished capital […] [texte] => As the 36th session of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) was being held under the auspices of the UN Human Rights Council from 02 to 13 November, the Advocates for Human Rights, a member organization of the World Coalition, facilitated Facebook live debriefings to cover the review of States that have not yet abolished capital punishment.A Unique State-Driven Process to Monitor the Situation of Human Rights WorldwideThe Universal Periodic Review is a mechanism of the UN Human Rights Council whose objective is to examine the situation of every UN member States regarding the protection of human rights. It aims at ensuring that UN member States duly comply with their international obligations or have undertaken the implementation of reforms to guarantee human rights. As the name suggests, each UN member State is expected to be reviewed on a regular basis – hence the use of the terms “universal” and “periodic”.The UPR consists in a succession of four-year cycles of review, each of them divided into four main stages. The first stage of one State’s UPR requires the preparation of reports on the human rights situation in the country. This includes a comprehensive national report submitted by the State delegation prior to its review, as well as information that may have been communicated by other stakeholders, including Civil Society Organizations, such as non-government organizations (NGO) and National Human rights Institutions (NHRI). Stage two involves the interactive dialogue during which the government delegation introduces its report before the Human Rights Council. Every UN member State that wishes to participate in this interactive dialogue can commend the State under review for the recent commitments it has taken regarding human rights or raise its concerns. It is also entitled to offer recommendations to help the State further comply with international human rights standards. Then, the government delegation may be given the floor to provide other States with oral answers. Stage three consists of the drafting and the adoption of the review report in which the State gives its responses for all the recommendations that have been made. It can either accept or note them – which means rejecting. Each State has to share its responses prior to the next session of the Human Rights Council that is scheduled in March 2021. The last stage is also the longest, as it lasts approximatively three years and consists of the implementation of all recommendations that have been accepted. NGOs and NHRIs are particularly encouraged to monitor this phase, as their comments could contribute to the next review, four years later. Live Debriefings of Interactive Dialogue – Diplomacy Serving Human Rights ValuesMember organizations of the World Coalition that submitted information for States whose legislation still provides for capital punishment, had been invited by the Advocates for Human Rights to participate in Facebook live debriefings in order to discuss the recommendations made on this occasion. They could share their analysis and respond to questions from the chat.States that have been reviewed are the following: Belarus, Jamaica, Libya, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, and the USA. Each debriefing was broadcasted live on the World Coalition’s Facebook page and remains available for watching – click the country you would like to access the video. As regards such States, where legislation still provides for the death penalty, recommendations made during the interactive dialogues of the Universal Periodic Reviews would range from establishing a moratorium on executions to fully abolishing the death penalty. The UN Human Rights Council is an intergovernmental area where diplomatic issues may be expected to collide, and this makes the wording of recommendations offered by States a subtle matter. Indeed, States with a strong retentionist position are more likely to note every recommendation that calls upon them to formally abolish capital punishment. Within the combat for universal abolition, it appears clearly that every new step undertaken to limit the application of such an inhuman penalty is a fragile but substantial achievement. Alexius Kamangila, a Reprieve follow and a volunteer for Communitat de San’Egidio, did value the response of the delegation of Malawi as regards the ongoing moratorium. Although the President committed to carrying out executions during his campaign, the State delegation explained that Malawi would continue to observe a moratorium.As another illustration, discussion on the USA review focused on the government’s statement, which assured that capital punishment is never used in an arbitrary or a discriminatory manner. According to the panellists, however, the Washington Supreme Court State v. Gregory case, in which the Court found capital punishment to be unconstitutional after considering racial bias and arbitrariness, may fuel serious concerns and even contribute to refuting such a statement. The idea that capital punishment would have a unique deterrent effect is not supported by evidence; but it remains in all cases a strongly polarized political matter. “Death is not a traditional value”, Valiantsin Stefanovic, from Viatnsa and current Vice-President of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), pointed out during the debriefing that covered Belarus – the last European State that retains the death penalty and keeps carrying out executions.Advice from Civil Society Organizations to Strengthen One AnotherThe Universal Periodic Review allows Civil Society Organizations to get involved in international advocacy that can be intimidating at first sight. Panellists from the Maldives pointed out that the UPR is a leading platform to shine a light on many human rights violations as well as to engage diplomats. In this regard, Germany recommended Maldives conduct further investigation on the ban of the local NGO Maldivian Democracy Network, which is exceedingly rare.All participants also emphasized the importance of advocating both in Geneva, where the UN Human Rights Council convenes, and in capitals, as well as working closely with embassies. As explained above, the UPR process implies a significant commitment from States. For a State under review, the UPR does not culminate in providing responses for each recommendation. It continues afterwards with a paramount three-year stage during which the State is supposed to adopt all necessary measures to enshrine these recommendations. The UPR involves a lot of work on the part of Civil Society Organizations to keep track of recommendations and hold States accountable of the international commitments they have made. Nonetheless, this commitment relies on a mutual basis. One may consider that States which had offered recommendations have a responsibility, as they have committed to following up their implementation in the three next years – prior to reviewing the State again. Every effort matters. Cycle after cycle, the right to life is undoubtedly put a bit more on the frontpage, and time after time, abolition becomes a closer, stronger and wider achievement. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => Jamaica [2] => Liberia [3] => Libya [4] => Malawi [5] => Maldives [6] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [650] => Array ( [objectID] => 11049 [title] => I am a member of the media. Whom should I contact with my inquiry? [timestamp] => 1605139200 [date] => 12/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/media-and-press-inquiries/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For media and press inquiries, please contact: press[@]worldcoalition.org [texte] => For media and press inquiries, please contact: press[@]worldcoalition.org [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [651] => Array ( [objectID] => 20218 [title] => Death Penalty Glossary [timestamp] => 1605052800 [date] => 11/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/faq/death-penalty-glossary/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition works on a very specific topic within the realm of human rights. Not everybody is familiar with the different terms, concepts and instruments that are relevant to the conduct of anti-death penalty work. Here are some important words to get you started if you’re new to the abolitionist community: Abolitionist noun […] [texte] => The World Coalition works on a very specific topic within the realm of human rights. Not everybody is familiar with the different terms, concepts and instruments that are relevant to the conduct of anti-death penalty work. Here are some important words to get you started if you’re new to the abolitionist community: Abolitionist noun A person, group, country or movement that believes in or works towards the universal and permanent eradication of the death penalty in all circumstances. Abolitionist in law noun A country whose laws do not provide for the death penalty for any crime. Moratorium noun A temporary suspension of executions and, more rarely, of death sentences. Every few years, the UN Member States vote on a formal moratorium on executions. Botched execution noun An execution that encounters unanticipated problems or delays that cause additional suffering and unnecessary agony for the prisoner. Ordinary crime noun A crime that is not considered extremely serious, such as hold-up, fraud, theft or burglary. Capital crime noun A crime that is punishable by the death penalty. Capital crimes differ from country to country, but they mostly include serious offenses, such as murder, mass murder, treason, espionage, and terrorism. Reducing the scope of the death penalty verb To lessen the number of crimes for which a person can be sentenced to death. Clemency noun The process by which a governor, president, or administrative board may reduce a prisoner’s sentence or grant a pardon. Reprieve verb A limited form of clemency, in which an execution is temporarily delayed. Can also be referred to as a “stay of execution”. De facto abolitionist noun A country that retains the use of the death penalty in law but has not carried out any executions for the past 10 years or more. Retentionist noun A person, group, country or movement that believes in the death penalty and continues to hand down death sentences and carry out executions. Death row noun The state of waiting for execution after being convicted of a capital crime. Time on death row can vary widely, with some reaching decades between conviction and the final execution. Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR (OP2) noun Fondly known within the abolitionist community as the OP2, the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty is the only global treaty that prohibits executions and provides for total abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => Frequently asked questions [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [652] => Array ( [objectID] => 9910 [title] => Membership Rules [timestamp] => 1604966400 [date] => 10/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/membership-rules/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WCADP_MembershipRules_EN-4.pdf ) [653] => Array ( [objectID] => 9882 [title] => Membership Intention Statement [timestamp] => 1604966400 [date] => 10/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/membership-intention-statement/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WCADP_IntentionStatement-EN.pdf ) [654] => Array ( [objectID] => 9872 [title] => Membership Application Form [timestamp] => 1604966400 [date] => 10/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/membership-application-form/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WCADP_MembershipApplicationForm_EN-2.docx ) [655] => Array ( [objectID] => 9861 [title] => Bylaws of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1604966400 [date] => 10/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bylaws-of-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WCADP_Bylaws_EN.pdf ) [656] => Array ( [objectID] => 9798 [title] => High-Level Remote Panel on the Moratorium Resolution [timestamp] => 1604620800 [date] => 06/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/high-level-remote-panel-on-the-moratorium-resolution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 5 November, a webinar gathering high-level panelists was held by Ensemble contre la peine de mort / Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) as one of their initiatives for the moratorium campaign. Usually organized in New York, USA on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), the event had to be facilitated […] [texte] => On 5 November, a webinar gathering high-level panelists was held by Ensemble contre la peine de mort / Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) as one of their initiatives for the moratorium campaign. Usually organized in New York, USA on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), the event had to be facilitated online this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Steady Victories but Ongoing Challenges Within the Fight for AbolitionRepealing the death penalty is both an ancient idea and a modern issue. For instance, H.E. Stefano Stefanile, Deputy Permanent Representative of Italy to the United Nations, who took part in this high-level panel, mentioned that the Grand Duchy of Tuscany had abolished capital punishment in 1786 – long before Italy was unified. Today, abolitionist progress worldwide is undeniable. In 2019, roughly 90% of UN member States did not carry out any executions, and almost 60% of them have abolished the death penalty in law for all crimes. As for the number of executions, the right to life has met another victory with a 5% decrease in executions recorded in 2019 compared to 2018, thereby reaching their lowest level in at least 10 years.The ambassadors of Belgium, France, Italy, Switzerland – the latter cochairs the interregional taskforce in charge of drafting the resolution text this year – as well as the European Union all recalled that the abolition movement enjoys the full support of their countries or organizations. In his brief introduction, Pr. William Schabas, professor of International Law, also shared an enthusiastic view on the abolition of death penalty, as he considers universal abolition to be nearly completed by 2030.Despite legitimate optimism, lowering our guard would undoubtedly be a mistake. As panelists recalled, abolition is not an absolute given. Today, two-thirds of the world’s population live under the yoke of a domestic legislation that provides for the death penalty, H.E. Nicolas de Rivière, Permanent Representative of France to the United Nations, pointed out. Since the first moratorium resolution was adopted by the UNGA in 2007, new issues have been raised as regards to the numerous violations of human rights perpetrated when issuing a death sentence, such as miscarriages of justice, torture, and discrimination, among others.A Symbolic Text as a First Step Towards Universal AbolitionThe resolution for a moratorium on executions is a text adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, which convenes all UN member states, every other year since 2008 - after the first one had been adopted in 2007. Support in favor of this resolution is steadily gaining ground with a record 121 votes in favor in 2018. This sent a very symbolic message to the whole abolitionist community, including positive votes from States that are considered abolitionist in practice after no execution has been recorded in ten years. As only 106 UN member States have formally abolished the death penalty, this result means that abolition in law offers hope for new supporters. However, recent studies conducted by ECPM showed that approximatively 20% of UN member States’ votes were not in line with the actual domestic situation of the death penalty.As its name suggests, the resolution does not call upon States to formally abolish the death penalty, but rather to only to suspend executions, Pr. Nadia Bernoussi, a Professor of Constitutional Law and a Representative of Morocco to the UN Human Rights Council Advisory Committee, explained. Like any other resolutions adopted by the UNGA, she proceeded, the moratorium resolution is not legally-biding for States that favored it, but this might be what makes it of strength and interest for the abolitionist community. Voting in favor of the resolution is not onerous for States, even for those that still retain capital punishment in law, so they all should be strongly encouraged to support it. Additionally, support for the resolution has already been a springboard to new abolitions.In 2018, the vote of the resolution text within the UN Third Commission, prior to being adopted at the plenary session of the UNGA, raised important discussions over States’ sovereign right to impose appropriate legal penalties to persons under their jurisdiction. H.E. Alhem Sara Charikhi, Diplomat of the Embassy of Algeria to the United Nations, explained that Algeria has favored the moratorium resolution since 2007 despite retaining the death penalty in law. In this regard, she added, Algeria is the only country in the MENA area that has never changed its stand on the text. Indeed, Algeria has decided to observe a de facto moratorium on executions since 1993 despite facing a page of its history that is riddled with terrorism.A Time for Arguments and CommitmentsIvan Šimonović, Commissioner at the International Commission Against the Death Penalty and former UN Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, took time to remind people attending the panel of some of the main arguments against capital punishment. Studies show that the death penalty has no unique deterrent effect on the commission of crimes and that it disproportionally affects the most vulnerable people, as well as the well-being of third persons who are involved in the criminal proceedings (ranging from capital defendant’s relatives to prosecutors).Above all, capital punishment is not a sole criminal matter but a social issue, as it tends to affect the whole society. According to Ivan Šimonović, there seems to be a high correlation between the death penalty and authoritarianism. Abolition, however, is always a matter of human rights and dignity.H.E. André Aseba, Minister of Human Rights of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), wished to highlight that the current Constitution of the DRC enshrines the supremacy of international standards. These provisions contributed to overcoming legal loopholes in some cases by allowing a judge to draw on the 2002 Rome Statute to the International Criminal Court (ICC) to issue a decision he might not have been able to take otherwise. This could inspire judges working on death penalty cases, he added. H.E. André Aseba repeated his commitment to helping the DRC accede to international standards aimed at the abolition of the death penalty. “I am sure we will manage to vote on the resolution this time,” he concluded.Tentative Voting Procedure ScheduleThe resolution text is expected to be voted on first at the UN Third Committee level in mid-November, then at the UNGA plenary session in mid-December. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria [1] => Belgium [2] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [3] => France [4] => Italy [5] => Morocco [6] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [657] => Array ( [objectID] => 9791 [title] => No one is spared – The widespread use of the death penalty in Iran [timestamp] => 1604534400 [date] => 05/11/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/no-one-is-spared-the-widespread-use-of-the-death-penalty-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Juveniles [3] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/iranpdm758ang-2.pdf ) [658] => Array ( [objectID] => 9557 [title] => Groundbreaking Survey Reveals Iranians’ Attitudes Towards the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1603411200 [date] => 23/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/groundbreaking-survey-reveals-iranians-attitudes-towards-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/moisson-300x197.jpg [extrait] => This survey, conducted by the GAMAAN Institute between the 3rd and the 11th of September 2020, includes responses from about twenty thousand people living inside Iran. [texte] => This survey, conducted by the GAMAAN Institute between the 3rd and the 11th of September 2020, includes responses from about twenty thousand people living inside Iran. (more…) "Groundbreaking Survey Reveals Iranians’ Attitudes Towards the Death Penalty" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [659] => Array ( [objectID] => 9326 [title] => Note verbale dated 13 September 2019 from the Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1602720000 [date] => 15/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Permanent Missions to the United Nations inNew York listed below have the honour to refer to General Assembly resolution 73/175, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Assembly on 17 December 2018 by a recorded vote. The Permanent Missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention of existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain [1] => Bangladesh [2] => Botswana [3] => Brunei Darussalam [4] => Chad [5] => China [6] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [7] => Egypt [8] => Ethiopia [9] => Grenada [10] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [11] => Iraq [12] => Jamaica [13] => Kuwait [14] => Libya [15] => Nigeria [16] => Oman [17] => Pakistan [18] => Papua New Guinea [19] => Qatar [20] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [21] => Saint Lucia [22] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [23] => Saudi Arabia [24] => Singapore [25] => Sudan [26] => Syrian Arab Republic [27] => United Arab Emirates [28] => Yemen [29] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/73/1004 ) [660] => Array ( [objectID] => 9301 [title] => Guatemala [timestamp] => 1602720000 [date] => 15/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/guatemala/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guatemala ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [661] => Array ( [objectID] => 9187 [title] => Ratification Kit – Peru [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-peru/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Peru ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Peru-EN-4.pdf ) [662] => Array ( [objectID] => 9169 [title] => Ratification Kit – Guatemala [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-guatemala/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guatemala ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Guatemala-EN-3.pdf ) [663] => Array ( [objectID] => 9142 [title] => Ratification Kit – El Salvador [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-el-salvador/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the American Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => El Salvador ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Salvador-EN-3.pdf ) [664] => Array ( [objectID] => 9106 [title] => Ratification Kit – Colombia [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-colombia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the American Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Colombia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Colombia-EN-3.pdf ) [665] => Array ( [objectID] => 9077 [title] => Ratification Kit – Bolivia [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-bolivia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the American Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Bolivia-EN-3.pdf ) [666] => Array ( [objectID] => 9057 [title] => 2018 Report – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2018-report-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => The present report provides information on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 71/187. It discusses developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions. The report highlights trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, including foreign nationals and migrants. It also discusses gender-based discrimination against women in the application of the death penalty, the disproportionate impact of its use on poor or economically vulnerable individuals, and regional and international initiatives for advancing the abolition of thedeath penalty. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/73/260 ) [667] => Array ( [objectID] => 9033 [title] => Resolution 73/175 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1602633600 [date] => 14/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-73-175-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/73/589/Add.2) 73/175. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/73/589/Add.2) 73/175. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/73/175 ) [668] => Array ( [objectID] => 18173 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2020 [timestamp] => 1602201600 [date] => 09/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper updates The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019. It is intended to provide a concise update to highlight changes in the status of the death penalty in OSCE participating States since the previous publication and to promote constructive discussion of the issue. It covers the period from 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020. Special Focus: Is the death penalty inherently arbitrary? [texte] => Introduction1. OverviewOSCE participating States have made a number of commitments regarding the deathpenalty, including consideration of the question of capital punishment, exchange ofinformation on the question of the abolition of the death penalty and the provisionof information on the use of the death penalty to the public.1 Where the death penaltyis still in use, participating States have agreed that it can be imposed only for themost serious crimes and only in line with international commitments.2In accordance with these commitments and its mandate, the OSCE Office forDemocratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) monitors trends and new developmentsregarding human rights standards and practices among OSCE participatingStates related to the death penalty. The findings are presented each year in theBackground Paper on the Death Penalty in the OSCE Area.3 The background paperis based on information gathered by ODIHR on the situation of the death penalty inall 57 OSCE participating States during the reporting period, incorporating informationfrom international and regional human rights bodies, non-governmental organizationsand media reports.The thematic focus of this year’s background paper, which covers developments from1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020, is whether the death penalty constitutes an inherentlyarbitrary form of punishment. Since 2016, ODIHR has included such thematic1 “Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the OSCE”, OSCE,29 June 1990, Copenhagen, paras. 17.7 and 17.8, . See also:“Concluding Document of the Third Follow-up Meeting, Vienna, 4 November 1986 to 19 January 1989”,OSCE, (hereafter, “Vienna Document 1989”); “Document of the Sixteenth Meeting of the MinisterialCouncil Helsinki 2008”, OSCE, (hereafter, “Helsinki Document 2008”).2 “Vienna Document 1989”, para. 24, op. cit., note 1.3 “The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2016”, OSCE/ODIHR, 21 September 2016, “TheDeath Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2017”, OSCE/ODIHR, 19 September 2017, “The DeathPenalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2018”, OSCE/ODIHR, 12 September 2018, “The Death Penaltyin the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019”, OSCE/ODIHR, 17 September 2019.The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area–Background Paper 20206discussions on various aspects of the death penalty in this annual background paperin an effort to further assist OSCE participating States in their exchange of informationon the death penalty and the further consideration of its abolition.The background paper covers the status of the death penalty in the OSCE regionduring the reporting period, including the thematic focus on the arbitrariness ofthe death penalty and positive developments, as well as the main areas of concern.Throughout the background paper, an abolitionist state is defined as an OSCE participatingState in which there is no death penalty, in law, for any crimes. A de-facto abolitioniststate is one in which the death penalty is foreseen in law, but in practice thepunishment is not imposed. A retentionist state is one that continues to implementthis penalty by sentencing and carrying out executions.7The Situation of the DeathPenalty in the OSCE Area1. The inherent arbitrariness of the death penaltyThe death penalty is still a reality around the world: according to AmnestyInternational, at least 657 executions took place worldwide in 2019.4 In the OSCE region,both retentionist countries, Belarus and the United States, carried out executionsduring the reporting period. However, countries that still apply the death penalty areincreasingly becoming exceptions in the international community, as there is an undeniableglobal trend towards abolition.In its ground-breaking General Comment No. 36 on Article 6 of the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which was examined in depth in TheDeath Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019, the United Nations HumanRights Committee established that the death penalty cannot be reconciled with fullrespect for the right to life.5 The grounds under which the death penalty can be appliedaccording to international human rights law have been shrinking, and the4 This number does not include executions carried out in China, calculated to be in the thousands. For moresee: “Amnesty International Global Report: Death sentences and executions 2019”, Amnesty International,21 April 2020, p. 8.5 The General Comment on Article 6 of ICCPR is relevant to 56 OSCE participating States that have ratifiedthis core instrument of the human rights framework. Only the Holy See is not a state party to the ICCPR.See: “The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019”, OSCE/ODIHR, 17 September 2019,p. 8. In his introductory essay to the Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019, ChristofHeyns, the former Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions insists that thisconcept must be informed by the objectives of progressive restriction with a view to eventual full abolition.General Comment no. 36 also touches upon this concept, saying it “must be read restrictively andappertain only to crimes of extreme gravity, involving intentional killing. Crimes not resulting directlyand intentionally in death […] although serious in nature, can never serve as the basis, within the frameworkof article 6, for the imposition of the death penalty.”The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area–Background Paper 20208standards that the state must meet when applying capital punishment have becomeincreasingly stringent.6Furthermore, deprivation of life is a priori arbitrary, unless it complies fully with domesticand international law. In this same General Comment it is further exploredthat “the notion of ‘arbitrariness’ is not to be fully equated with ‘against the law’, butmust be interpreted more broadly to include elements of inappropriateness, injustice,lack of predictability, and due process of law as well as elements of reasonableness,necessity, and proportionality.”7 Where capital punishment is still allowed,8 internationallaw clearly states that the death penalty must be reserved for the “most seriouscrimes.”9 The Inter-American Commission has emphasized that cases where thedefendant might be condemned to the death penalty merit an especially high standardof reliability and consistency.10The UN Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 first laid out the internationallyrecognized minimum standards that must be respected by those states thatcontinue to impose capital punishment, in the form of nine safeguards. These ninesafeguards encompass the following principles: it must be limited to the most seriouscrimes; non-retroactivity; juveniles, pregnant women and other categories of defendantsare protected from the death penalty; presumption of innocence; fair trialguarantees; the right of appeal; pardon or commutation; the obligation to minimizesuffering and the prohibition of carrying out an execution while there are outstandinglegal challenges to it.116 UN Human Rights Committee, “General Comment No. 36 on Article 6 of the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, on the right to life”, UN Doc. CCPR/C/GC/36, 30 October 2018, paras 33-51.7 Ibid., para. 12.8 All countries in Europe, except for Belarus, have abolished the death penalty. All 47 member states of theCouncil of Europe have ratified (or committed to ratify, in Russia’s case) Protocol No. 6 to the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights (ECHR), which is the first legally-binding instrument abolishing the deathpenalty in peacetime. All members of the European Union (EU) have to sign and ratify the ECHR, andthe EU is often vocal on its opposition to the death penalty. For more information, see: Council of Europe“Death penalty: Factsheet” and European Parliament, “The death penalty and the EU’s fight against it”,February 2019.9 UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 6, 16 December1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171.10 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Organization of American States, Report Nº 78/07 Case12.265, Merits (Publication) Chad Roger Goodman Commonwealth of The Bahamas, 15 October 2007, para. 34.11 Report of the Secretary-General, Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protectionof the rights of those facing the death penalty, UN Doc E/2015/49, 13 April 2015.The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area–Background Paper 20209In a 2012 report, the former Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitraryexecutions elaborated on the requirements that must be in place so that the applicationof the death penalty does not become arbitrary:“The requirement of non-arbitrariness in the context of the death penalty hasa procedural component, centred on the requirements of legality and fair trial.It also has a substantive component that entails, among other requirements,imposition only for the most serious crimes, minimum standards of protectionfor vulnerable groups, and equality and consistency.”12Often, these standards and requirements are not reflected in reality. During the reportingperiod, there were numerous reports that the executions carried out withinthe OSCE region were in some form arbitrary, either substantively or procedurally.For instance, many prisoners executed in the United States had a significant mentalimpairment, including mental illness, or an innocence claim pending.13Although the executions carried out in the OSCE region during the reporting periodonly represent a very limited number of death penalty cases from a global perspective,they raise the important question about whether or not the death penaltycan be considered a non-arbitrary form of punishment. Globally, many retentioniststates fail to live up to the stringent conditions imposed on the death penalty by internationallaw. Belarus, the other retentionist state in the OSCE region, has also beencondemned [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://www.osce.org/odihr/466467 ) [669] => Array ( [objectID] => 8738 [title] => 75th UN General Assembly High-Level Event Focuses on the Gender Dimension of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1601942400 [date] => 06/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/75th-un-general-assembly-high-level-event-focuses-on-the-gender-dimension-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => On September 24th, the UN Permanent Mission of Italy, the European Union, and Amnesty International, in cooperation with the UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OHCHR) and UN Women, held a high-level virtual event that shed light on the gender dimension of the death penalty. The webinar was conducted as part of […] [texte] => On September 24th, the UN Permanent Mission of Italy, the European Union, and Amnesty International, in cooperation with the UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OHCHR) and UN Women, held a high-level virtual event that shed light on the gender dimension of the death penalty. The webinar was conducted as part of the High-Level Week of the 75th Session of the UN General Assembly, and also commemorated the 25th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action.High-level officials from the UN system were present in the webinar, including UN Secretary General António Guterres, who reaffirmed the call for “every country, in all circumstances, to abolish the cruelest of punishments”. This call was echoed by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet, who reaffirmed her Office’s opposition to the use of the death penalty everywhere and noted that the trend towards abolition remains strong.The webinar also invited speakers from academia and civil society to partake in the discussion on the often-neglected state of women on death row. The connections between gender and the death penalty are numerous, as gender bias persists extensively in the criminal justice system. Women are more likely to be prosecuted for crimes that are perceived to be breaking gender norms, or for more petty crimes, such as carrying lower amounts of drugs. They are less likely to be acquitted or have their court decisions revised, which can have devastating consequences for capital cases. Women accused of murder are often victims of domestic abuse and gender-based violence, but the judicial system does not take these gendered experiences into account. Moreover, most women on death row come from backgrounds of severe socioeconomic deprivation, are migrants, or are illiterate, and are thus unable to obtain effective legal representation during their trials.The panelists provided points for effective policy response and collective action. It is necessary to rethink the notion of self-defense in the realm of criminal law, and take into account what it means in terms of domestic abuse against women. Courts must re-examine all cases of women on death row and adopt a gender lens to understand the underlying discrimination against them in the criminal justice system. The academe and civil society need to strengthen the knowledge base on the situation of women on death row, and collect better data in order to ingrain gender into the discussion on capital punishment.In 2021, the theme of the 19th World Day Against the Death Penalty will be on gender and the death penalty in the hopes of bringing more attention to the numerous challenges women continue to face in the criminal justice system. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [670] => Array ( [objectID] => 8701 [title] => technique [timestamp] => 1601510400 [date] => 01/10/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/technique/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [671] => Array ( [objectID] => 8626 [title] => Marvi Rural Development Organization [timestamp] => 1600128000 [date] => 15/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/marvi-rural-development-organization/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Marvi Rural Development Organization (MRDO) is registered under the Societies Act as a non-profit/non-government organization in 1994 envisioned to address social sufferings of marginalized and underprivileged population segments in northern Sindh, particularly disadvantaged men, women and children. Since its inception, MRDO has designed and implemented over 60 projects of diversified nature for vulnerable, disastrous, and […] [texte] => Marvi Rural Development Organization (MRDO) is registered under the Societies Act as a non-profit/non-government organization in 1994 envisioned to address social sufferings of marginalized and underprivileged population segments in northern Sindh, particularly disadvantaged men, women and children. Since its inception, MRDO has designed and implemented over 60 projects of diversified nature for vulnerable, disastrous, and underserved communities with harnessing and empowering approach with a particular focus on women who have limited access to rights, health and educational facilities, rule of law, economic empowerment, community physical infrastructure and social justice.MRDO also has an agenda to voice and condemn flawed Juvenile Justice System of Pakistan (JJSA 2018), the police and law enforcing agencies, detention of juveniles - which is prohibited in JJSP - and trial of minor in the same way as prescribed for adults - which is also a violation of law. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [672] => Array ( [objectID] => 8594 [title] => Support us [timestamp] => 1599782400 [date] => 11/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/support-us/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Abolitionist countries and institutions Political support Join the “Friends of the Protocol” group and support our ratification campaign. Contribute to the World Day Against the Death Penalty on 10 October by mobilizing your diplomatic network in countries that still impose the death penalty. Financial support Make universal abolition of the death penalty a reality by […] [texte] => Abolitionist countries and institutions Political supportJoin the “Friends of the Protocol” group and support our ratification campaign.Contribute to the World Day Against the Death Penalty on 10 October by mobilizing your diplomatic network in countries that still impose the death penalty.Financial supportMake universal abolition of the death penalty a reality by financing the sole international platform that mobilizes and gathers abolitionists from all around the world.Join our institutional donors:Foundations and businessesOperational and advocacy supportShare your experience in supporting civil society organizations, especially network leaders, with us.Support civil society in a global context where its scope of action is challenged and where support from the private sector contributes to strengthening its independence.Become a responsible company and take action against the death penalty.Financial supportContribute to universal abolition of the death penalty by financing the unique international platform of worldwide abolitionists.Join our private donors:Civil society organizations committed to the abolition of the death penaltyJoin us!Universities, research centers, law clinicsContribute to improving the knowledge base on the abolition of the death penalty by developing research projects on this issue.Develop partnerships with abolitionist civil society to create evidence-based tools and arguments and promote an research-based advocacy.Follow the example of existing research centers: [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [673] => Array ( [objectID] => 8531 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2020! [timestamp] => 1599696000 [date] => 10/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Take action now! The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. Organising an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on […] [texte] => Take action now!The 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world.Organising an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on our Calendar of Events! (Please send us: event title, date, time, location, short description and a web link to the event)Spread the word on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram: #nodeathpenaltyClick on the map to check the events near you and browse the schedule below to find out what is happening in your country:Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organize an event, etc. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [674] => Array ( [objectID] => 5416 [title] => Indonesian : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Cebuano) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-cebuano/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Cebuano) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Cebuano-1.pdf ) [675] => Array ( [objectID] => 5418 [title] => Tagalog : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Tagalog) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tagalog-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-tagalog/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Tagalog) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Tagalog-1.pdf ) [676] => Array ( [objectID] => 5420 [title] => : Factsheet for Lawyers – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-lawyers-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2020 World Day, focusing on the right to access to counsel, Reprieve and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty released a facthsheet for defense lawyers. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsheetLawyers_EN-1.pdf ) [677] => Array ( [objectID] => 5422 [title] => : Fiche d’information pour les juges – Journée mondiale 2020 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fiche-dinformation-pour-les-juges-journee-mondiale-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A l'occasion de la Journée mondiale 2020, portant sur le droit à un·e avocat·e, The Advocates for Human Rights et la Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort proposent une fiche d'information à destination des juges. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsheetJudges_EN-1.pdf ) [678] => Array ( [objectID] => 5424 [title] => Japanese : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Japanese) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-japanese/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Japanese) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_Poster_BD_Japanese-1.pdf ) [679] => Array ( [objectID] => 5426 [title] => Italian : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Italian) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-italian/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Italian) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_Poster_BD_IT-1.pdf ) [680] => Array ( [objectID] => 5428 [title] => Divehi : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Dhivehi) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/divehi-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-dhivehi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Dhivehi) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_Poster_BD_DV-1.pdf ) [681] => Array ( [objectID] => 5430 [title] => German : Poster – 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-german/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_Poster_BD_DE-1.pdf ) [682] => Array ( [objectID] => 5432 [title] => : Time to Abolish the Death Penalty in Zimbabwe: Exploring the Views of its Opinion Leaders [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/time-to-abolish-the-death-penalty-in-zimbabwe-exploring-the-views-of-its-opinion-leaders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report draws on in-depth interviews with 42 opinion leaders on the death penalty, their knowledge of the criminal justice system, the likelihood of abolition and how that could be achieved. They represent the fields of politics, public service, law, religion, civil society, academia, and defence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Zimbabwe-Opinion-Leaders-Report-2020.pdf ) [683] => Array ( [objectID] => 5561 [title] => Death Row USA – Spring 2020 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-usa-spring-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Spring 2020 edition of Death Row USA, on the situation of the death penalty in the USA as of April 2020 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.naacpldf.org/wp-content/uploads/DRUSASpring2020.pdf ) [684] => Array ( [objectID] => 5565 [title] => Ratification Kit – Kazakhstan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-kazakhstan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kazakhstan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Kazakhstan-EN-6.pdf ) [685] => Array ( [objectID] => 5571 [title] => Leaflet – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 2020 World Day 8-page leaflet [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => ) [686] => Array ( [objectID] => 5573 [title] => Detailed Factsheet – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed factsheet on international and regional human rights standards on the right to access to effective legal representation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_DetailedFactsheet_EN-1.pdf ) [687] => Array ( [objectID] => 5575 [title] => Annual Report – 2019 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-2019-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Report of the 2019 World Day [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019_Annual-Report_FR-1.pdf ) [688] => Array ( [objectID] => 5577 [title] => Factsheet for Police Personnel – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-police-personnel-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2020 World Day, focusing on the right to access to counsel, Repreive and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty released a facthsheet for police officers. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsheetPolice_EN-1.pdf ) [689] => Array ( [objectID] => 5579 [title] => Factsheet for Media Representatives – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-media-representatives-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2020 World Day, focusing on the right to access to counsel, Reprieve and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty released a facthsheet for media representatives. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsheetMedia_EN-1.pdf ) [690] => Array ( [objectID] => 5581 [title] => Factsheet for Judges – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-judges-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2020 World Day, focusing on the right to access to counsel, The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty released a facthsheet for judges. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsheetJudges_FR-1.pdf ) [691] => Array ( [objectID] => 5583 [title] => The defense has the floor – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-defense-has-the-floor-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 2020 World Day, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has compiled testimonies from those for whom access to counsel is a matter of life or death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => ) [692] => Array ( [objectID] => 5585 [title] => Call for tenders for printing, design and layout services – Annex [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/call-for-tenders-for-printing-design-and-layout-services-annex/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP_CallForTenders_Printing_Design_Layou-Annex_EN-1.pdf ) [693] => Array ( [objectID] => 5587 [title] => Application form – Call for Actions in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean States (18th World Day) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/application-form-call-for-actions-in-barbados-and-the-eastern-caribbean-states-18th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call for actions on World Day in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean States [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Form_SmallGrants2020_GCL-1.docx ) [694] => Array ( [objectID] => 5589 [title] => Application form – Call for Actions in the Philippines (18th World Day) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/application-form-call-for-actions-in-the-philippines-18th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call for actions in the Philippines [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Form_SmallGrants2020_Philippines-1.docx ) [695] => Array ( [objectID] => 5591 [title] => Just Mercy film discussion – Florida International University College of Law (Webinar) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/just-mercy-film-discussion-florida-international-university-college-of-law-webinar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Just Mercy film discussion and reflections on racism in the US criminal justice system, scheduled on 22 July 2020. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FIU_College_Of_Law_Webinar_JustMercy-1.pdf ) [696] => Array ( [objectID] => 5595 [title] => Provisional Budget – 18th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/provisional-budget-18th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Small Grants 2020 provisional budget [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Provisional_Budget_Budget_Previsionnel_SmallGrants2020-1.xlsx ) [697] => Array ( [objectID] => 5597 [title] => Application form – Call for Actions in the Maldives and Turkey (18th World Day) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/application-form-call-for-actions-in-the-maldives-and-turkey-18th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call for actions on the World Day in the Maldives and Turkey [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Form_SmallGrants2020_Maldives_Turkey-1.docx ) [698] => Array ( [objectID] => 5599 [title] => Application form – Call for actions in Sub-Saharan Africa (18th World Day) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/application-form-call-for-actions-in-sub-saharan-africa-18th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call for actions on 2020 World Day in Sub-Saharan Africa. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Form_SmallGrants2020_Sub-Saharian_Africa-1.docx ) [699] => Array ( [objectID] => 5607 [title] => Mobilization Kit – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mobilization Kit for the 2020 World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_MobilizationKit_EN-1.pdf ) [700] => Array ( [objectID] => 5609 [title] => Facts and Figures – 2020 World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2020-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facts and figures from several human rights organizations on death sentences and executions in 2019, as well progress towards the abolition of capital punishment worldwide. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_FactsFigures2020_EN-1.pdf ) [701] => Array ( [objectID] => 5622 [title] => Muzzling critical voices: Politicized trials before Saudi Arabia’s Specialized Criminal Court [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/muzzling-critical-voices-politicized-trials-before-saudi-arabias-specialized-criminal-court/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Despite the Saudi Arabian authorities’ rhetoric about reforms, they have unleashed an intense crackdown on citizens promoting change in the last few years. One of the instruments of that repression has been the Specialized Criminal Court (SCC), which was set up in 2008 to try individuals accused of terror-related crimes. Amnesty International has documented the cases of 95 individuals who were tried before the SCC between 2011 and 2019. It has concluded that the SCC’s judges have presided over grossly unfair trials, handing down prison sentences of up to 30 years and numerous death sentences, in an effort to silence dissent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde23/1633/2020/en/ ) [702] => Array ( [objectID] => 5624 [title] => How to Work with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-work-with-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition has developed and published a training manual on working with the African Union’s human rights organ, the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR). This how-to guide was created specifically for civil society to help encourage successful interaction with the ACHPR, a growing and influential human rights mechanism on the continent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP-CADHP-EN-BD-1.pdf ) [703] => Array ( [objectID] => 6565 [title] => Ratificationt Kit – Armenia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratificationt-kit-armenia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Armenia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Armenia-EN-3.pdf ) [704] => Array ( [objectID] => 5433 [title] => : التعليق العام رقم 36 المادة 6 ( الحق في الحياة ) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85-36-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => يستعاض بهذا التعليق العام عن التعليق العام رقم 6 الذي اعتمدته اللجنة في دور تها السادسة عشرة (1982 )، والتعليق العام رقم 14 الذي اعتمدته اللجنة في دور تها ال ث ا لث ة والعشرين (1984 ). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/ar/CCPR/C/GC/36 ) [705] => Array ( [objectID] => 5435 [title] => Urdu : جسٹس پراجیکٹ پاکستان کا ڈیٹا بیس [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/urdu-%d8%ac%d8%b3%d9%b9%d8%b3-%d9%be%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%db%8c%da%a9%d9%b9-%d9%be%d8%a7%da%a9%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86-%da%a9%d8%a7-%da%88%db%8c%d9%b9%d8%a7-%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => سٹس پراجیکٹ پاکستان نے سزائے موت کے قیدیوں کے لیے کام کے دوران پھانسیوں اور سزائے موت سے متعلق مواد اکٹھا کیا ہے۔ HURIDOCS کے تکنیکی تعاون سے جسٹس پراجیکٹ پاکستان نے اپنی تحقیق کو ایک اوپن سورس ڈیٹا بیس کی شکل دی ہے۔ یہ منصوبہ سزائے موت سے متعلق اعدادوشمار تک عام رسائی فراہم کرنے کی پہلی کڑی ہے، جس کا مقصد محققین، صحافیوں، وکلاء ، طلبہ، انسانی حقوق کے کارکنان اور عام لوگوں کو اس غیر انسانی اور غیر منصفانہ سزا سے متعلق مستند اعدادوشمار مہیا کرنا ہے۔ یہ ڈیٹا بیس نہ صرف جسٹس پراجیکٹ پاکستان کے اعدادوشمار تک رسائی فراہم کرتا ہے، بلکہ عام افراد کو اس میں مزید مواد کی شمولیت کی دعوت بھی دیتا ہے۔ [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://data.jpp.org.pk/ur/ ) [706] => Array ( [objectID] => 5436 [title] => Viêt Namese : Khả năng của Việt Nam gia nhập Nghị định thư tùy chọn thứ hai về bãi bỏ hình phạt tử hình theo Công ước quốc tế về các quyền dân sự và chính trị (ICCPR) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/viet-namese-kha-nang-cua-viet-nam-gia-nhap-nghi-dinh-thu-tuy-chon-thu-hai-ve-bai-bo-hinh-phat-tu-hinh-theo-cong-uoc-quoc-te-ve-cac-quyen-dan-su-va-chinh-tri-iccpr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá khả năng Việt Nam phê chuẩn Nghị định thư không bắt buộc thứ hai đối với Công ước quốc tế về các quyền dân sự và chính trị (ICCPR) nhằm xóa bỏ án tử hình. Nó phân tích: (a) khung pháp lý quốc tế hiện hành và quá trình phát triển pháp lý để xóa bỏ án tử hình ở các quốc gia được chọn, (b) sự tương thích giữa các quy định hiện hành về án tử hình trong hệ thống pháp luật Việt Nam và Nghị định thư tùy chọn thứ hai của ICCPR và (c) đánh giá tính khả thi để bãi bỏ án tử hình ở Việt Nam. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.vn.undp.org/content/dam/vietnam/docs/Publications/Death%20Penalty%20Report%20(VIE).pdf ) [707] => Array ( [objectID] => 5437 [title] => Indonesian : Tidak Manusiawi: Kondisi Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Bagi Terpidana Mati di Indonesia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-tidak-manusiawi-kondisi-lembaga-pemasyarakatan-bagi-terpidana-mati-di-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Meskipun telah banyak penelitian telah dilakukan terkait dengan administrasi peradilan dalam kasus-kasus hukuman mati di Indonesia, hanya sedikit penelitian tentang kondisi penahanan seseorang yang dijatuhi hukuman mati di sebuah negara. Penelitian ini adalah salah satu penelitian pertama yang berfokus pada kondisi penahanan narapidana yang di hukum mati di Indonesia. Laporan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan suara kepada mereka yang mengalami hukuman mati di Indonesia dan juga pendapat dari keluarga mereka, bersamaan dengan mendokumentasikan situasi mereka. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/rapportindon%C3%A9sie_bahasa.pdf ) [708] => Array ( [objectID] => 5438 [title] => Malay : Kecacatan yang membawa maut: Mengapa Malaysia harus mansuhkan hukuman mati [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malay-kecacatan-yang-membawa-maut-mengapa-malaysia-harus-mansuhkan-hukuman-mati/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Hukuman mati dikekalkan di bawah undang-undang Malaysia untuk lebih 30 kesalahan dan selalu di laksanakan untuk kesalahan2 seperti- mengedar dadah- yang tidak sampai batas sempadan “jenayah paling serius”, yang mana perlaksanaan hukuman ini mesti di bataskan di bawah undang2 dan standard antarabangsa. Sehingga September 2019, lebih dari 1,290 orang telah di hokum mati. Kajian Amnesty International telah mengetengahkan beban hukuman mati dia Malaysia yang sebahagian besarnya terpikul di bahu pesalah yang disabitkan dengan kesalahan mengedar dadah, yang mana termasuklah wanita dan rakyat asing. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5010782019MALAY.pdf ) [709] => Array ( [objectID] => 5439 [title] => Japanese : The Chaplain [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-the-chaplain/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The late, great Ren Osugi (Hana-bi) stars as a prison chaplain working on death row in this thought-provoking chamber drama—his final film as an actor and first as a producer. Visiting with a regular roster of inmates who await their final sentence—including a converted ex-yakuza and a philosophy-spouting mass murderer—the newly appointed clergyman gradually learns of their circumstances and is forced to confront his own understanding of life, death and salvation. Featuring unforgettable characters and a restrained visual style, Dai Sako’s searching film takes on the rarely-addressed topic of Japan’s death penalty in order to question the state of the country’s soul. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.japansociety.org/event/the-chaplain ) [710] => Array ( [objectID] => 5440 [title] => Malay : Poster – 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Malay) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malay-poster-17th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-malay/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty Poster in Malay [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Poster_Malay-1.pdf ) [711] => Array ( [objectID] => 5442 [title] => German : Poster – 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (German) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-poster-17th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-german/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty Poster in German [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Poster_DE-1.pdf ) [712] => Array ( [objectID] => 5444 [title] => : Last Chance for Life: Clemency in Southeast Asian Death Penalty Cases [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/last-chance-for-life-clemency-in-southeast-asian-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://global.oup.com/academic/product/last-chance-for-life-clemency-in-southeast-asian-death-penalty-cases-9780198809715?cc=mt&lang=en&# ) [713] => Array ( [objectID] => 5445 [title] => : Résolution des barreaux sur la peine de mort [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-des-barreaux-sur-la-peine-de-mort/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Résolution des avocats sur la peine de mort et les conditions de détention et de traitement des condamnés à mort Resolution of lawyers on the death penalty and conditions of detention and treatment of persons sentenced to deathResolución sobre la pena de muerte y cas condiciones de detención y el trato a las personas condenadas a muerte [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7congress-Resolution_Peine_de_mort_Barreaux_EN-FR-1.pdf ) [714] => Array ( [objectID] => 5601 [title] => A/HRC/RES/42/24 – Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council on 27 September 2019 – The question of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-res-42-24-resolution-adopted-by-the-human-rights-council-on-27-september-2019-the-question-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/RES/42/24 ) [715] => Array ( [objectID] => 5604 [title] => A/HRC/42/28 – Capital punishment and the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-hrc-42-28-capital-punishment-and-the-implementation-of-the-safeguards-guaranteeing-protection-of-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to resolution 36/17,of the Human Rights Council. The report examines the consequences arising at various stages of the imposition and application of the death penalty on the enjoyment of the human rights of persons facing the death penalty and other affected persons. It pays specific attention to the impact of the resumption of the use of the death penalty on human rights [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/42/28 ) [716] => Array ( [objectID] => 5611 [title] => General Comment No 36 – Article 6: right to life [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/general-comment-no-36-article-6-right-to-life/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Tis general comment replaces general comments No. 6, adopted by the Committee at its sixteenth session (1982), and No. 14, adopted by the Committee at its twenty-third session (1984) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/CCPR/C/GC/36 ) [717] => Array ( [objectID] => 5655 [title] => PROCEEDINGS – 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/proceedings-7th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Six months after the 7th World Congress against the Death Penalty, ECPM is proud to announce the publication of the Proceedings of the Brussels Congress. This unpublished, documented and illustrated book reports on the rich debates held during the Congress and discusses the new associative and political dynamics promoted in this context. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/actes-Bruxelles-2019.pdf ) [718] => Array ( [objectID] => 5662 [title] => 2018 World Day – Report [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2018-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Report of the 2018 World Day Against the Death Penalty, on the conditions of detention on death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2018Rapport_EN-1.pdf ) [719] => Array ( [objectID] => 5678 [title] => Paroles d’enfant (noir et blanc) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/paroles-denfant-noir-et-blanc/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Témoignages d'enfants dont un parent a été condamné à mort ou exécuté, compilés par la Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort, avec le soutien de ses organisation membres pour la collecte et le partage des témoignages. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Temoignages_FR_BW-1.pdf ) [720] => Array ( [objectID] => 5692 [title] => Poster – 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty (Black and White) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-17th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-black-and-white/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty Poster in black and white [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Poster_EN_BW-1.pdf ) [721] => Array ( [objectID] => 5696 [title] => Poster – 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-17th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty Poster [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Poster_EN-1.pdf ) [722] => Array ( [objectID] => 5725 [title] => FINAL DECLARATION – 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/final-declaration-7th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => FINAL DECLARATION7TH World Congress Against the Death PenaltyBrussels, 1st March 2019 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7congress-FinalDeclaration-EN-1.pdf ) [723] => Array ( [objectID] => 5448 [title] => Dutch : Poster – 16. Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dutch-poster-16-welttag-gegen-die-todesstrafe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe Poster [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2018Poster_DE-1.pdf ) [724] => Array ( [objectID] => 5450 [title] => Italian : Poster – 16° Giornata mondiale contro la Pena di morte [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-16-giornata-mondiale-contro-la-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster del 15° Giornata Mondiale contro la pena di morte. Dignita Per Tutti. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2018Poster_IT-1.pdf ) [725] => Array ( [objectID] => 5732 [title] => IHR: Rights-Based Policing – Idealizing Human Rights in Law Enforcement in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ihr-rights-based-policing-idealizing-human-rights-in-law-enforcement-in-the-philippines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book documents the results of an IHR research project appraising the Philippine National Police’s commitment to human rights-based policing. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://law.upd.edu.ph/ihr-launches-new-books-on-death-penalty-and-rights-based-policing/ ) [726] => Array ( [objectID] => 5739 [title] => Kit Cities for Life – 2018 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/kit-cities-for-life-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The International Day Cities for Life - Cities against the Death Penalty, is the largest international mobilization of the abolitionist movement. Its objective is to establish a dialogue within the civil society on the topic and involve local administrators, aiming at abolishing the death penalty and making the rejection of violence the true identity of a city and its citizens. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/KitCitiesForLife_2018-1.pdf ) [727] => Array ( [objectID] => 5744 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 24 – October 2018 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-24-october-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every six months to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate-Oct2018-EN-1.pdf ) [728] => Array ( [objectID] => 5747 [title] => Human Rights Council, 39th session – Question of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-council-39th-session-question-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submitted to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty. In his report the Secretary-General confirms that the trend towards the universal abolition of the death penalty is continuing. During the reporting period, initiatives limiting the use of the death penalty and implementing the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty were also recorded in several States. A minority of States continued to use the death penalty, in contravention of international human rights law. As requested by the Council in its resolution 22/11, the report also includes information on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session39/Documents/A_HRC_39_19_EN.docx ) [729] => Array ( [objectID] => 5752 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area – Background Paper 2018 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => OSCE participating States have made a number of commitments regarding the death penalty, including to consider the potential abolition of capital punishment. In light of these commitments and its mandate, the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) monitors trends and new developments regarding human rights standards and practices among OSCE participating States related to the death penalty. The findings are presented each year in the Background Paper on the Status of the Death Penalty in the OSCE Area. The background paper is based on the information provided by participating States, in the form of responses to ODIHR questionnaires. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.osce.org/odihr/393728?download=true ) [730] => Array ( [objectID] => 5757 [title] => DEATH ROW USA – Spring 2018 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-usa-spring-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provides death row statistics and an update on executions in the US as of April 2018. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DRUSASpring2018-1.pdf ) [731] => Array ( [objectID] => 5759 [title] => Unjust and Unwanted: Malaysia’s Mandatory Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/unjust-and-unwanted-malaysias-mandatory-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Malaysia is one of only a handful of countries around the world that continues to retain a mandatory death penalty. The newly elected Malaysian government has promised to abolish mandatory death sentences and other “oppressive laws”. This short animation sheds light on what the mandatory death penalty is, what the Malaysian public think about it and why it is time to consign this abhorrent punishment to history. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/unjust-and-unwanted-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-malaysia/ ) [732] => Array ( [objectID] => 5760 [title] => GUILTY. THE FINAL 72 HOURS OF BALI-9’S MYURAN SUKUMARAN [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guilty-the-final-72-hours-of-bali-9s-myuran-sukumaran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The final 72-hours in the life of Myuran Sukumaran, the Bali-9 convicted criminal who became an accomplished artist while in Kerobokan prison under the tutorship of artist Ben Quilty. Myuran was executed by Indonesian firing squad on Nusakambangan Island, 29 April 2015 alongside fellow Australian Andrew Chan and six others. Dramatic and archival material takes us into the final three days of Myuran Sukumaran’s life, as he farewells his family and creates his final paintings. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.guiltyfilm.com.au/ ) [733] => Array ( [objectID] => 5767 [title] => On Mother’s Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/on-mothers-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A challenging, poetic and relatable piece of physical theatre in the round. On Mother's Day is the story of Ramón, an endearing and friendly inmate, who spends his life running from violence only to find it within himself. It is a visually arresting ensemble performance about childhood, identity, and lost time. The script is based on seven years of letters between the writer Saaramaria Kuitinen and convicts on death row. Now, Ekata Theatre's newest piece takes this material and uses a unique style of engaging visual storytelling, humour, and ensemble work to present a hard-hitting critique of the dehumanisation of the victims in the capital punishment system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://thecockpit.org.uk/show/on_mothers_day ) [734] => Array ( [objectID] => 5789 [title] => Leaflet – 16th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-16th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2018 World Day leaflet provides information about living conditions on death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2018_Leaflet_EN-1.pdf ) [735] => Array ( [objectID] => 5795 [title] => Poster – 16th World Day against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-16th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 16th World Day against the Death Penalty dedicated to living conditions on death row. Dignity For All. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2018Poster_EN-1.pdf ) [736] => Array ( [objectID] => 5798 [title] => Death Row – The Final Minutes [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-the-final-minutes/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => First as a reporter and then as a spokesperson for the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Michelle was a frequent visitor to Huntsville's Walls Unit, where she recorded and relayed the final moments of death row inmates' lives before they were put to death by the state.Michelle was in the death chamber as some of the United States' most notorious criminals, including serial killers, child murderers and rapists, spoke their last words on earth, while a cocktail of lethal drugs surged through their veins. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/Death-Row-execution-Americas-infamous-ebook/dp/B0799LB52S ) [737] => Array ( [objectID] => 5801 [title] => Capital Punishment, 2016 – Statistical Brief [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-2016-statistical-brief/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presents statistics on persons under sentence of death at year-end 2016, including summary trends in the population, admissions to and releases from death row, the number of persons executed, and an advance count of executions in 2017. Data are from BJS's National Prisoner Statistics(NPS-8 series.Highlights:- At year-end 2016, a total of 32 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) held 2,814 prisoners under sentence of death, which was 58 (2%) fewer than at year-end 2015.- California (26%), Florida (14%), and Texas (9%) held nearly half (49%) of the nation's prisoners under sentence of death at year-end 2016; in 2016, Texas executed seven prisoners, Florida executed one, and California did not execute any prisoners.- In 2016, the number of prisoners under sentence of death decreased for the sixteenth consecutive year.- Twelve states received a total of 32 prisoners under sentence of death in 2016.- Five states executed a total of 20 prisoners in 2016, with Georgia (9) and Texas (7) accounting for 80% of executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=6246 ) [738] => Array ( [objectID] => 5805 [title] => Outliers and Outcomes: How 9 of 10 Death Cases End with a Life Sentence & Why That Matters [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/outliers-and-outcomes-how-9-of-10-death-cases-end-with-a-life-sentence-why-that-matters/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => OTSE is a coalition of individuals and organizations working to reduce use of and ultimately end capital punishment in Ohio. The purpose of the report is to provide information and analysis to the media, members of the general public, legislators and state leaders.The death penalty in Ohio has become increasingly rare and is relegated to just a few high-use,outlier counties.Indeed, although Ohio has set an execution schedule unmatched by any state in the country up to the year 2023, it seems doubtful, based on its history of litigation and execution drug shortages, that Ohio will execute all those individuals. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://otse.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/outliers-and-outcomes-otse-2017-report.pdf ) [739] => Array ( [objectID] => 5808 [title] => Tanzania Human Rights Report – 2017 ‘Unknown Assailants’: A Threat to Human Rights [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tanzania-human-rights-report-2017-unknown-assailants-a-threat-to-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “Unknown Assailants: A Threat to Human Rights”So is named The Tanzania Human Rights Report of 2017 released by the Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC).This report was published on April, 25th 2018 and it enlights for the fifteenth time the major human rights violation in Tanzania. This report, while it deals with human rights violation in Tanzania concerning civil and politial rights, freedom of violence, freedom of expression, etc, also presents some issues due to these violations such as the right to participate in governance, particularly the right to participate in political life, which are deny. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://humanrights.or.tz/assets/attachments/1524659401.pdf ) [740] => Array ( [objectID] => 5828 [title] => Documentary: “In The Executioner’s Shadow; a Story of Justice, Injustice and the Death Penalty” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/documentary-in-the-executioners-shadow-a-story-of-justice-injustice-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Video "It is the potential of this documentary to move us toward a more enlightened society that excites me about this work." Benjamin Jealous, former NAACP PresidentAs wrongful convictions, botched executions, and a broken justice system inch further into the spotlight, we must consider: What is justice? What part should the death penalty play? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://intheexecutionersshadow.com/ ) [741] => Array ( [objectID] => 5831 [title] => SHAMS Center issues a report on the status of death penalty in the Palestinian territories: in 2017 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/shams-center-issues-a-report-on-the-status-of-death-penalty-in-the-palestinian-territories-in-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this report, SHAMS emphasizes that in Palestine they apply inconsistent legal combination of laws that punish with death penalty, which are not Palestinian laws basically.The problem is that capital punishment violates against an essential human right, and it is irreversible once executed. It doesn’t represent a public deterrent so; it is nothing but a form of violence not a solution for it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.shams-pal.org/eng/?p=1488 ) [742] => Array ( [objectID] => 5836 [title] => Caught in a Web Treatment of Pakistanis in the Saudi Criminal Justice System [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/caught-in-a-web-treatment-of-pakistanis-in-the-saudi-criminal-justice-system/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Report about the treatment of Pakistanis in the Saudi criminal justice system [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/03/07/caught-web/treatment-pakistanis-saudi-criminal-justice-system#page ) [743] => Array ( [objectID] => 5838 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 23 – March 2018 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-23-march-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every six months to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate_March2018_EN-1.pdf ) [744] => Array ( [objectID] => 5434 [title] => Viêt Namese : Liệu Hình phạt Tử hình Có Tác dụng Ngăn chặn Tội phạm Giết người ở Nhật Bản? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/viet-namese-lieu-hinh-phat-tu-hinh-co-tac-dung-ngan-chan-toi-pham-giet-nguoi-o-nhat-ban/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Không giống như ở Mỹ, nơi tràn ngập các nghiên cứu về tử hình và tác dụng răn đe của hình phạt này, có rất ít nghiên cứu về hình phạt tử hình và tác dụng răn đe của nó ở Nhật Bản. Mặc dù vậy, người dân và các quan chức nước này vẫn đưa ra những nhậnđịnh đầy tự tin đối với chủ đề này. Trên thực tế, tác dụng răn đe được xem là “điểm tranh cãi chủ chốt giữa các lập luận ủng hộ và phản đối” hình phạt tử hình ở Nhật Bản. Khó khăn trong việc thu thập các số liệu chuẩn mực về tội phạm từ Chính phủ Nhật Bản đã khiến cho việc tiến hành một nghiên cứu nghiêm túc về đề tài này gần như là bất khả thi. Bài viết này sử dụng các số liệu thống kê hàng tháng về tội phạm giết người và tộiphạm giết người cướp mà trước không thể tiếp cận được để xem xét liệu việc tuyên và thực thi án tử hình ở Nhật Bản có tác dụng ngăn chặn những tội phạm kể trên trong giai đoạn từ năm 1990 đến 2010 hay không. Và phát hiện chính của nghiên cứu này là hình phạt tử hình không có tác dụng răn đe tội phạm giết người và tội phạm cướp của giết người trong giai đoạn nói trên. Cần phải có thêm nghiên cứu về đề tài này, tuy nhiên, tại thời điểm hiện tại Chính phủ Nhật Bản không có bất cứ căn cứ chắc chắn nào để tiếp tục khẳng định nước này cần duy trì hình phạt tử hình vì hình phạt này giúp ngăn chặn tội phạm có tính đặc biệt nghiêm trọng. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2693340/Johnson-VN_final.pdf ) [745] => Array ( [objectID] => 5454 [title] => Portuguese : Projecto de protocolo adicional à carta Africana dos direitos humanos e dos povos acerca da abolição da pena de morte em Africa [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-projecto-de-protocolo-adicional-a-carta-africana-dos-direitos-humanos-e-dos-povos-acerca-da-abolicao-da-pena-de-morte-em-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Para completar e reforçar as disposições da carta Africana dos direitos humanos e dos povos,o artigo 66 da carta autoriza a adopção de protocolos ou acordos particulares. É com estefundamento que a Comissão Africana dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos (CADHP) – organismoda União Africana (UA) encarregado da promoção e protecção dos direitos humanos em Africa– propôs à UA a adopção de um protocolo específico sobre a abolição da pena de morte queprecisa que “o direito à vida é o fundamento de todos os outros direitos”, e que “a abolição dapena de morte é essencial à protecção eficaz” deste direito. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/AfricanProtocol_leaflet-PR-1.pdf ) [746] => Array ( [objectID] => 5456 [title] => : The Right Way: More Republican lawmakers championing death penalty repeal [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-right-way-more-republican-lawmakers-championing-death-penalty-repeal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => At a press conference in Washington, DC, Conservatives Concerned About the Death Penalty released a new report that shows the surge in the number of Republican lawmakers who sponsored death penalty repeal legislation at the state level. The report – called The Right Way – looked at all death penalty repeal bills filed since 2000, using the increase in sponsorships as a measure for growing Republican leadership on the issue. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://conservativesconcerned.org/therightway/ ) [747] => Array ( [objectID] => 5457 [title] => German : Poster – 15. Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-poster-15-welttag-gegen-die-todesstrafe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster für den Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe gewidmet Armut.Armut und Jutiz Eine Tödliche Mischung [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => ) [748] => Array ( [objectID] => 5458 [title] => Italian : Poster – 15° Giornata mondiale contro la Pena di morte [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-15-giornata-mondiale-contro-la-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster del 15° Giornata Mondiale contro la pena di morte dedicato alla povertà. Povertà e Giustizia: un Mix Mortale. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => ) [749] => Array ( [objectID] => 5846 [title] => Mom of murdered son finds ‘only pain’ from death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mom-of-murdered-son-finds-only-pain-from-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Politicians champion the death penalty while they campaign and are in office, and then they retire and move on, never having to deal with the reality of it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.floridatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/07/01/mom-murdered-son-finds-only-pain-death-penalty/103326096/ ) [750] => Array ( [objectID] => 5851 [title] => In the Executioner’s Shadow [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-the-executioners-shadow/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => What would you do if someone you love was raped, tortured, or murdered? How would you seek justice? The very thought evokes horror— we shudder to even consider it. But it is a reality faced by Vicki and Syl Scheiber after their daughter’s rape and murder; faced by Karen Brassard in the traumatic aftermath of the Boston Marathon bombing; faced by former Virginia state executioner Jerry Givens after performing 62 executions.As wrongful convictions, botched executions, and a broken justice system inch further into the spotlight, we must consider: What is justice? What part should the death penalty play?In the Executioner's Shadow allows a glimpse into Jerry's rarely seen world of death row and execution. It explores Karen’s moral conflict as she attends the accused bomber’s trial, a young man the same age as her son. It defies our perception of justice as Vicki and Syl fight for the life of their daughter's murderer.In the Executioner's Shadow illuminates the oft hidden realities entangled in death row, the death penalty, and the U.S. Justice system at large. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://intheexecutionersshadow.com/trailere/ ) [751] => Array ( [objectID] => 5857 [title] => End Crime, not Life is not about protecting criminals, but about protecting vulnerable innocents [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/end-crime-not-life-is-not-about-protecting-criminals-but-about-protecting-vulnerable-innocents/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Cheong Chun Yin, a Malaysian boy, was about 23 years old when he was arrested for drug trafficking. A trusting boy he was asked to bring some ‘gold' to Singapore. Merri was a victim of domestic abuse, whose son had a heart defect. She took a job abroad to help pay his hospital bills. A loving man bought her a suitcase for her home journey. The tragedy of such stories is what keeps human rights activists and lawyers from ASEAN unrelenting in their opposition to the death penalty, for reasons they spell out in this video. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.endcrimenotlife.com/library/videos/endcrime-not-life-not-about-protecting-criminals-about-protecting-vulnerable ) [752] => Array ( [objectID] => 5866 [title] => Pakistan – Joint Submission UPR Review [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pakistan-joint-submission-upr-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Joint submission for the Universal Periodic Review of Pakistan in 2017. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/28_03_2017_-PUB-Pakistan-UPR-Submission-final-1.pdf ) [753] => Array ( [objectID] => 5873 [title] => Singapore: Cooperate or die: Singapore’s flawed reforms to the mandatory death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/singapore-cooperate-or-die-singapores-flawed-reforms-to-the-mandatory-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Singapore has recorded a significant reduction in its use of the death penalty in recent years, with executions dropping from more than 70 per year in the mid-1990s to single figures in the subsequent decade. Despite this progress, the death penalty in the country continues to be used in violation of international law and standards, particularly with respect to its mandatory application and use for drug-related offences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/7158/2017/en/ ) [754] => Array ( [objectID] => 5876 [title] => Deterrence Podcast – Death Penalty Information Center [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deterrence-podcast-death-penalty-information-center/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/podcast/audio/discussions/discussions-e11.mp3 ) [755] => Array ( [objectID] => 5879 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 22 – November 2017 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-22-november-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every six months to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate22-nov2017-EN-1.pdf ) [756] => Array ( [objectID] => 5903 [title] => Overview on death row inmates: Taiwan’s Experience [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/overview-on-death-row-inmates-taiwans-experience/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presentation of Lin Hsinyi, Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty for the Fact-finding workshop focused on the socioeconomic status of people on death row which took place during the 2017 General Assembly of the World Coalition [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TAEDP-1.pdf ) [757] => Array ( [objectID] => 5907 [title] => The Death Penalty in the USA [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-usa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presentation of Robert Dunham, Death Penalty Information Center, for the plenary session on the death penalty in the USA which took place during the 2017 General Assembly of the World Coalition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/RobertDunham-1.pdf ) [758] => Array ( [objectID] => 5927 [title] => Leaflet – 15th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-15th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2017 World Day leaflet provides information about poverty and the death penalty and presents 10 reasons why the death penalty is used discriminatorily, and often against the poor as well as arguments against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_2017WorldDayLeaflet-1.pdf ) [759] => Array ( [objectID] => 5929 [title] => Poster – 15th World Day against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-15th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 15th World Day against the Death Penalty dedicated to poverty. Poverty and Justice: a Deadly Mix. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017WorldDayPosterEN-1.jpg ) [760] => Array ( [objectID] => 5934 [title] => China’s deadly secret [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chinas-deadly-secret/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Chinese government continues to conceal the extent to which capital punishment is being used in China, despite more than four decades of requests from UN bodies and the international community and despite the Chinese authorities’ own pledges to bring about increased openness in the country’s criminal justice system. This report focuses on the extent to which the authorities maintain near absolute secrecy over the death penalty system, while using partial and generally unverifiable disclosures to claim progress and reject demands for greater transparency. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa17/5849/2017/en/ ) [761] => Array ( [objectID] => 5936 [title] => Digital Proceedings Oslo 2016 – 6th World congress against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/digital-proceedings-oslo-2016-6th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This publication brings together the contributions of experts and discussions among participants at the 6th World Congress against the Death Penalty held in Oslo, Norway, in June 2016. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://actes2016.ecpm.org/en/ ) [762] => Array ( [objectID] => 5942 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 21 – February 2017 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-21-february-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every six months to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate-fev2017-EN-1.pdf ) [763] => Array ( [objectID] => 5944 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2016: trends confirm global movement toward restricted use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2016-trends-confirm-global-movement-toward-restricted-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The number of abolitionist countries continued to grow in 2016, but national crises have created a political climate that heightens the risk that the death penalty will be reintroduced in a handful of abolitionist nations.The Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide assesses the evolutions of the worldwide situation of the death penalty in 2016. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://blog.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/2017/02/dp-in-2016.html ) [764] => Array ( [objectID] => 5945 [title] => Resolution 71/187 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-71-187-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2016 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/71/484/Add.2] 71/187. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2016 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/71/484/Add.2] 71/187. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/71/187 ) [765] => Array ( [objectID] => 6324 [title] => Ratification Kit – Morocco [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-morocco/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Morocco-EN-1.pdf ) [766] => Array ( [objectID] => 5452 [title] => Indonesian : Kejaksaan Agung Kembali Akan Laksanakan Hukuman Mati [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-kejaksaan-agung-kembali-akan-laksanakan-hukuman-mati/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mengemukanya rencana kejagung untuk melaksanakan hukuman mati jilid ketiga mau tak mau memunculkan pro kontranya kembali. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.endcrimenotlife.com/library/videos/kejaksaan-agung-kembali-akan-laksanakan-hukuman-mati ) [767] => Array ( [objectID] => 5453 [title] => : Madam Eswari’s story [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/madam-eswaris-story/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => CADPA invited filmmaker Dawn Mikkelsen to make 8 short videos for a series called ‘Say Yes to Life’. Dawn spoke with many of those intimately linked with people on death row to bring you their stories. “Madam Eswari’s story’ is the first of these. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.endcrimenotlife.com/library/videos/madam-eswaris-story ) [768] => Array ( [objectID] => 5459 [title] => German : Poster – 14. Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-poster-14-welttag-gegen-die-todesstrafe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster für den Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe, im Bezug auf Terrorismus:Hinrichtungen sind die Waffe der Terroristen. Stoppt die Spirale der Gewalt. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016WorldDayPosterDE-1.jpg ) [769] => Array ( [objectID] => 5461 [title] => Italian : Poster – 14° Giornata mondiale contro la Pena di morte [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-14-giornata-mondiale-contro-la-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster del 14 ° Giornata Mondiale contro la pena di morte dedicato al terrorismo:Le esecuzioni sono l'arma dei terroristi. Interrompiamo il ciclo della violenza. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016WorldDayPosterIT-1.jpg ) [770] => Array ( [objectID] => 5778 [title] => Courting Death – The Supreme Court and Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/courting-death-the-supreme-court-and-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While execution chambers remain active in several states in the United States, constitutional regulation has contributed to the death penalty’s new fragility. In the next decade or two, Carol Steiker and Jordan Steiker argue, the fate of the American death penalty is likely to be sealed by this failed judicial experiment. Courting Death illuminates both the promise and pitfalls of constitutional regulation of contentious social issues. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674737426 ) [771] => Array ( [objectID] => 5960 [title] => Oregon’s death penalty disproportionately used against persons with significant mental impairments [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/oregons-death-penalty-disproportionately-used-against-persons-with-significant-mental-impairments/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Although,by all functional measures, Oregonians have abandoned the death penalty, 35 condemned inmates remain on Oregon’s death row.What do we know about those people, and about the quality of justice that resulted in their death sentences? This report examines the cases of the condemned men and women in Oregon to see how they ended up there, and what patterns emerged.Here’s what we found: In Oregon, two-thirds of death row inmates possess signs of serious mental illness or intellectual impairment, endured devastatingly severe childhood trauma, or were not old enough to legally purchase alcohol at the time the offense occurred. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://fairpunishment.org/new-report-oregons-death-penalty-disproportionately-used-against-persons-with-significant-mental-impairments/ ) [772] => Array ( [objectID] => 5963 [title] => Annual Report on the Death Penalty: The Case of Puerto Rico – 2015 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-the-case-of-puerto-rico-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => After a presentation of the legislation regarding the death penalty in Puerto Rico, the report covers the death penalty situation in the State in 2015 (Puerto Ricans facing the death penalty in Puerto Rico and well as in U.S. states). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CoalicionPuertorriquenaContraLaPenaDeMuerte-InformeAnual2015-EN-1.pdf ) [773] => Array ( [objectID] => 5969 [title] => Kit Cities for Life – 2016 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/kit-cities-for-life-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The International DayCities for Life - Cities against the DeathPenalty, is the largest international mobilization ofthe abolitionist movement.Its objective is to establish a dialogue within thecivil society on the topic and involve localadministrators, aiming at abolishing the deathpenalty and making the rejection of violence thetrue identity of a city and its citizens. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/KitCitiesForLife2016-EN-1.pdf ) [774] => Array ( [objectID] => 5971 [title] => Too Broken to Fix: Part II – An In-depth Look at America’s Outlier Death Penalty Counties [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/too-broken-to-fix-part-ii-an-in-depth-look-at-americas-outlier-death-penalty-counties/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The trends are clear. In 2015, juries returned the fewest number of new death sentences—49—since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976.Of the 3,143 county or county equivalents in the United States, only 16—or one half of one percent—imposed five or more death sentences between 2010 and 2015.This report takes a close look at how capital punishment operates on the ground in half of these active death-sentencing counties. In Part II, we highlight Dallas (TX), Jefferson(AL), San Bernardino (CA), Los Angeles (CA), Orange (CA), Miami-Dade (FL),Hillsborough (FL), and Pinellas (FL) counties.Our review of these counties, like the places profiled in Part I, reveals thatthese counties frequently share at least three systemic deficiencies: a history ofoverzealous prosecutions, inadequate defense lawyering, and a pattern of racialbias and exclusion. These structural failings regularly produce two types of unjustoutcomes which disproportionately impact people of color: the wrongful convictionof innocent people, and the excessive punishment of persons who are young or sufferfrom severe mental illnesses, brain damage, trauma, and intellectual disabilities. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://fairpunishment.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FPP-TooBroken_II.pdf ) [775] => Array ( [objectID] => 5974 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 20 – October 2016 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-20-october-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate20-Oct2016-EN-1.pdf ) [776] => Array ( [objectID] => 5981 [title] => 2016 Report – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2016-report-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to its resolution 69/186. It discusses developments towards the abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of moratoriums on executions. The report also reflects on trends in the use of the death penalty, including the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. It also discusses the role of national human rights institutions and private companies, as well as regional and international initiatives for advancing the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/71/332 ) [777] => Array ( [objectID] => 5990 [title] => Too Broken to Fix: Part I – An In-depth Look at America’s Outlier Death Penalty Counties [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/too-broken-to-fix-part-i-an-in-depth-look-at-americas-outlier-death-penalty-counties/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The trends are clear. In 2015, juries returned the fewest number of new death sentences—49—since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976.Of the 3,143 county or county equivalents in the United States, only 16—or one half of one percent—imposed five or more death sentences between 2010 and 2015.This report takes a close look at how capital punishment operates on the ground in half of these active death-sentencing counties. In this first report, we dig deep into Caddo, Clark, Duval, Harris, Maricopa, Mobile, Kern, and Riverside counties. Our review reveals that these counties frequently share at least three systemic deficiencies: a history of overzealous prosecutions, inadequate defense lawyering, and a pattern of racial bias and exclusion. These structural failings regularly produce two types of unjust outcomes which disproportionately impact people of color: the wrongful conviction of innocent people, and the excessive punishment of persons who are young or suffer from severe mental illnesses, brain damage, trauma, and intellectual disabilities. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://fairpunishment.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/FPP-TooBroken.pdf ) [778] => Array ( [objectID] => 6003 [title] => Leaflet – 14th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-14th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2016 World Day leaflet provides information about the countries that have the death penalty for terrorism and presents 10 things you should know about the death penalty for terrorism as well as arguments against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_2016WorldDayLeaflet-1.pdf ) [779] => Array ( [objectID] => 6005 [title] => Poster – 14th Wold Day against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-14th-wold-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 14th Wold Day against the death penalty dedicated to terrorism: Execution is a terrorist's tool. Stop the cycle of violence [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016WorldDayPosterEN-1.jpg ) [780] => Array ( [objectID] => 6011 [title] => Death Penalty India Report – Volume 2 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-india-report-volume-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This project sought to answer questions regarding the socio-economic profile of prisoners sentenced to death in India while looking into the process of death sentencing in itself. By means of meaningful statistics and case studies, this report manages to enlighten some aspects of the death penalty in India which are generally not fully explored and triggers a sociological discussion on these thorny issues that goes beyond the legal analysis of Supreme Court judgments.Chapters:6) Experience in custody7) Trial and appeals8) Living on death row9) Seeking mercy10) ImpactLink to Volume 1: http://www.worldcoalition.org/resourcecentre/document/id/1462890615 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Death-Penalty-India-Report-Volume-2.pdf ) [781] => Array ( [objectID] => 6012 [title] => Death Penalty India Report – Volume 1 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-india-report-volume-1/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This project sought to answer questions regarding the socio-economic profile of prisoners sentenced to death in India while looking into the process of death sentencing in itself. By means of meaningful statistics and case studies, this report manages to enlighten some aspects of the death penalty in India which are generally not fully explored and triggers a sociological discussion on these thorny issues that goes beyond the legal analysis of Supreme Court judgments.Chapters:1) Coverage of the project2) Durations on death row3) Nature of crimes4) Socio-economic profile5) Legal assistanceLink to Volume 2: http://www.worldcoalition.org/resourcecentre/document/id/1463669874 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Death-Penalty-India-Report-Volume-1.pdf ) [782] => Array ( [objectID] => 6025 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 19 – January 2016 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-19-january-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate19-Jan2016-EN-1.pdf ) [783] => Array ( [objectID] => 5464 [title] => : Waiting for capital punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/waiting-for-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => According to Iranian law, the age when girls are held accountable for criminal punishment is nine years old, while international conventions have banned the death penalty for persons under 18. In Iran, the death penalty for children is used for crimes such as murder, drug trafficking, and armed robbery.Pursuant to the passing of new laws in recent years, the Iranian Judiciary System detains children in Juvenile Delinquents Correction Centers after their death sentence verdict, and a large number of them are hanged upon reaching age 18. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.lensculture.com/articles/sadegh-souri-waiting-for-capital-punishment#slide-1 ) [784] => Array ( [objectID] => 5465 [title] => Indonesian : Kaedilan ang Cacat. Peradilan Yang Tidak Adil Dan Hukuman Mati di Indonesia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-kaedilan-ang-cacat-peradilan-yang-tidak-adil-dan-hukuman-mati-di-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Meskipun protes keras dari Organisasi lokal dan hak asasi manusia internasional , pemerintah Indonesia baru di bawah Presiden Joko Widodo telah dieksekusi 14 orang , termasuk warga negara Indonesia dan asing , pada tahun 2015. Semua dari mereka telah dihukum karena perdagangan narkoba . Dalam kesempatan lain Presiden Widodo anche Lain Bahwa pemerintah publik akan menolak aplikasi apapun grasi dibuat oleh orang-orang yang dijatuhi hukuman mati untuk kejahatan narkoba . Yang laporan ini didasarkan pada pekerjaan Amnesty International selama tiga Dekade terakhir mendokumentasikan penggunaan hukuman mati di Indonesia , meliputi penelitian dilakukan selama kunjungan Maret 2015 ke negara itu . Laporan ini menyoroti 12 kasus individu tahanan hukuman mati , dari total 131 orang hukuman mati , yang mengarah ke masalah sistemik dalam administrasi Indonesia keadilan itu mengakibatkan pelanggaran hukum dan standar HAM internasional. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa21/2434/2015/en/ ) [785] => Array ( [objectID] => 5466 [title] => German : Poster – 13° Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-poster-13-welttag-gegen-die-todesstrafe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster - 13° Welttag gegen die Todesstrafe: die Todesstrafe stoppt nicht den Drogenhandel [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => /media/resourcecenter/2015PosterDE.jpg ) [786] => Array ( [objectID] => 5467 [title] => Italian : Poster – 13° Giornata mondiale [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-13-giornata-mondiale/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster - 13° Giornata mondiale contro la Pena di morte: La pena di morte non uccide il traffico di droga [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => /media/resourcecenter/2015PosterIT.jpg ) [787] => Array ( [objectID] => 5825 [title] => Factsheet – Death Penalty Abolition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-death-penalty-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Court’s case-law and pending cases on abolition of the death penalty. It deals with death-row phenomenon - the risk of being stoned to death / of being sentended to death and the death penalty as result of unfair trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Death_penalty_ENG.pdf ) [788] => Array ( [objectID] => 5854 [title] => On Trial: The Implementation of Pakistan’s Blasphemy Laws [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/on-trial-the-implementation-of-pakistans-blasphemy-laws/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Pakistan-On-Trial-Blasphemy-Laws-Publications-Thematic-Reports-2015-ENG.pdf ) [789] => Array ( [objectID] => 5913 [title] => Database Center for North Korean Human Rights – Briefings on public execution [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/database-center-for-north-korean-human-rights-briefings-on-public-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => NKDB hosts a monthly English language briefing and discussion on North Korean human rights every month with embassy officials, NGO staff, and NKDB staff as guests [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://nkdb.org/en/activities/briefings.php?board=briefings&act=view&no=30&page=3&search_mode=&search_word=&cid=&goUrl=/en/activities/briefings.php ) [790] => Array ( [objectID] => 5968 [title] => Note verbale dated 28 July 2015 from the Permanent Mission of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The permanent missions to the United Nations in New York listed below have the honour to refer to General Assembly resolution 69/186, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Third Committee on 21 November 2014 and subsequently by the General Assembly on 18 December 2014 by a recorded vote. The permanent missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention of existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda [1] => Bangladesh [2] => Botswana [3] => Brunei Darussalam [4] => China [5] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [6] => Egypt [7] => Ethiopia [8] => Guyana [9] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [10] => Iraq [11] => Jamaica [12] => Kuwait [13] => Libya [14] => Malaysia [15] => Nigeria [16] => Oman [17] => Pakistan [18] => Qatar [19] => Saudi Arabia [20] => Singapore [21] => Sudan [22] => Syrian Arab Republic [23] => Trinidad and Tobago [24] => United Arab Emirates [25] => Yemen [26] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/69/993 ) [791] => Array ( [objectID] => 6042 [title] => Capital punishment and the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty – Yearly supplement of the Secretary-General to his quinquennial report [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-the-implementation-of-the-safeguards-guaranteeing-protection-of-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty-yearly-supplement-of-the-secretary-general-to-his-quinquennial-rep/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Report examines the possible consequences of the imposition and application of the death penalty on the enjoyment of various human rights, including human dignity, the right to life, the right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the right to a fair trial and the right to equality and non-discrimination. It further examines the human rights consequences of the lack of transparency in the imposition and application of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session30/Documents/A_HRC_30_18_ENG.docx ) [792] => Array ( [objectID] => 6058 [title] => Q&A: The Death Penalty and Drug Offenses [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/qa-the-death-penalty-and-drug-offenses/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Q&A was prepared by Harm Reduction International (www.ihra.net), the International Drug PolicyConsortium (www.idpc.net) and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (www.worldcoalition.org) aheadof World Day against the Death Penalty on 10 October 2015. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2015_QA-1.pdf ) [793] => Array ( [objectID] => 6061 [title] => Killing in the Name of Justice. The Death Penalty in Saudi Arabia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/killing-in-the-name-of-justice-the-death-penalty-in-saudi-arabia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2015 Amnesty International's Report on Saudi Arabia gravely confirms that Saudi Arabia remains one of the most prolific executioners in the world. Between January 1985, the earliest year from when information on executions is available, and June 2015 it executed at least 2,200 persons, almost half of whom were foreign nationals. Over one third of these executions were carried out for offences that do not meet the threshold of “most serious crimes” for which the death penalty can be imposed under international law. Most of these crimes, such as drug-related offences, are not mandatorily punishable by death according to the authorities’ interpretation of Islamic Shari’a law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde23/2092/2015/en/ ) [794] => Array ( [objectID] => 6062 [title] => HANDS OFF CAIN’S 2015 REPORT. The Most Important Facts of 2014 (And the First Six Months of 2015) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hands-off-cains-2015-report-the-most-important-facts-of-2014-and-the-first-six-months-of-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2015 HANDS OFF CAIN's Report analyses the current status of executions around the world, providing detailed regional overviews. The Report confirms the worldwide trend towards abolition, even though the death penalty is still applied for violent and non-violent crimes, as in the contexts of the "war on drugs" and the "war on terror". [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=19305152 ) [795] => Array ( [objectID] => 6071 [title] => Detailed Fact Sheet – Death Penalty and Drug Crimes [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-fact-sheet-death-penalty-and-drug-crimes/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed information on the death penalty and drug crimes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2015_Factsheet-1.pdf ) [796] => Array ( [objectID] => 6075 [title] => Leaflet – 13th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-13th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2015 World Day leaflet provides information on the issues surrounding drug crimes and the death penalty. It also gives arguments against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2015WD-LeafletEN-1.pdf ) [797] => Array ( [objectID] => 6077 [title] => Poster – 13th Wold Day against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-13th-wold-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 13th Wold Day against the death penalty dedicated to drug crimes: the death penalty doesn't stop drug crimes [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2015WD_PosterEN-small-1.jpg ) [798] => Array ( [objectID] => 6086 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 18 – May 2015 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-18-may-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate18-May2015-EN-1.pdf ) [799] => Array ( [objectID] => 6088 [title] => Oral Statement: 56th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/oral-statement-56th-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => During the 56th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in Banjul, Gambia, 21 April – 7 May 2015, the FIACAT made an oral statement as they would like to would like to congratulate on the actions taken by the Committee for the prevention of torture in Africa since the 55th Ordinary Session of the ACHPR. Nevertheless, FIACAT remains greatly concerned by the number of cases of torture documented by its members (ACATs) and the impunity which torturers enjoy. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.fiacat.org/oral-satement-56th-ordinary-session-of-the-achpr-fiacat-s-oral-statement-on-torture-in-africa ) [800] => Array ( [objectID] => 6101 [title] => Ratification Kit – Sierra Leone [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-sierra-leone/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sierra Leone ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/SierraLeone-EN-1.pdf ) [801] => Array ( [objectID] => 6103 [title] => Ratification Kit – Dominican Republic [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-dominican-republic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Dominican Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DominicanRepublic-EN-1.pdf ) [802] => Array ( [objectID] => 6105 [title] => Ratification Kit – Madagascar [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-madagascar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Madagascar ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Madagascar-EN-1.pdf ) [803] => Array ( [objectID] => 6107 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 17 – March 2015 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-17-march-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate17-mar2015-EN-1.pdf ) [804] => Array ( [objectID] => 6115 [title] => Resolution 69/186 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-69-186-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2014 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/69/488/Add.2 and Corr.1)] 69/186. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [texte] => United Nations General Assembly Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2014 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/69/488/Add.2 and Corr.1)] 69/186. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/69/186 ) [805] => Array ( [objectID] => 6127 [title] => UN advocacy: the universal periodic review – Death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/un-advocacy-the-universal-periodic-review-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => PowerPoint presentation used at The Advocates for Human Rights’ training session on death penalty advocacy for the United Nations' Universal Periodic Review of human rights. See also the video of the presentation here. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://theadvocatespost.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/un-advocacy-upr-death-penalty-final.pptx ) [806] => Array ( [objectID] => 6129 [title] => Death Penalty Issues Checklist – Universal Periodic Review Stakeholder Reports [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-issues-checklist-universal-periodic-review-stakeholder-reports/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => List of points of international human rights law to review when submitting a report on a country's use of the death penalty to the United Nations' Universial Periodic Review. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://theadvocatespost.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/death-penalty-issues-checklist.pdf ) [807] => Array ( [objectID] => 6267 [title] => Kit for Cities Against the Death Penalty – 2015 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/kit-for-cities-against-the-death-penalty-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/KitCitiesForLife2015-EN-1.pdf ) [808] => Array ( [objectID] => 5447 [title] => Japanese : 誤判の必然性死刑事件における司法 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e8%aa%a4%e5%88%a4%e3%81%ae%e5%bf%85%e7%84%b6%e6%80%a7-%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e4%ba%8b%e4%bb%b6%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%81%91%e3%82%8b%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 本報告書は日本、アメリカ、台湾、カリブ海諸国、シエラレオネ共和国及びイギリスにおける実例と調査結果から、世界的な動向を紹介するものである。国際人権法は、不当な有罪判決及び無実あるいは公正な裁判を受けていない人間への死刑執行の可能性を認めている。その結果、国際基準は死刑事件に厳格な基準を課すこと及びより高度な適正手続きを適用することを目指している。各国に対して死刑の適用において厳密な手続的規則の尊重を求める自由権規約及びその他の国際基準については、付録に記載した。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://portfolio.cpl.co.uk/DPP/The-inevitability-of-error-japanese/1/ ) [809] => Array ( [objectID] => 5468 [title] => Italian : Lucca Comics & Games: Amnesty International Italia presenta Precious, un gioco di ruolo sulla pena di morte [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-lucca-comics-games-amnesty-international-italia-presenta-precious-un-gioco-di-ruolo-sulla-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Il 1° novembre, nel corso della fiera Lucca Comics & Games 2014 verrà presentato Precious. La cosa più preziosa il primo gioco di ruolo sulla pena di morte, realizzato dall'Associazione Coyote Press con la collaborazione di Amnesty International Italia. La meccanica del gioco è accompagnata da un ampio saggio sul tema della pena capitale, realizzato dal Coordinamento pena di morte di Amnesty International Italia, che presenta dati e statistiche sul tema, casi per i quali si è attivata, spunti di informazione e discussione - dalla campagna contro la pena di morte ai diversi paradossi che questa porta con sé, la deterrenza, la discriminazione razziale e sociale, la negazione dei diritti. Il saggio è seguito da 10 ritratti di persone reali, coinvolte a vario titolo sul tema: condannati a morte, sostenitori della pena capitale, abolizionisti e attivisti per i diritti umani. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.it/Lucca-Comics-Games-presentazione-Precious-gioco-di-ruolo-sulla-pena-di-morte ) [810] => Array ( [objectID] => 5469 [title] => : [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/5469-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => ) [811] => Array ( [objectID] => 5517 [title] => German : Der Gerichtshof in 50 Fragen [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-der-gerichtshof-in-50-fragen/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Die Konvention unterscheidet zwischen zwei Beschwerdeformen: Individualbeschwerden, die von jeder natürlichen oder juristischen Person, Personenvereinigung oder nichtstaatlichen Organisation mit der Behauptung einer Verletzung der Konventionsrechte erhoben werden können, und Staatenbeschwerden, die von einem Konventionsstaat gegen einen anderen Konventionsstaat angestrengt werden. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/50Questions_DEU.pdf ) [812] => Array ( [objectID] => 5518 [title] => Ukrainian : ЄСПЛ у 50-ти запитаннях [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ukrainian-%d1%94%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%bb-%d1%83-50-%d1%82%d0%b8-%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bf%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f%d1%85/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Конвенція розрізняє два види заяв: індивідуальні, які подаються будь-якою особою чи групою осіб, компанією чи неурядовою організацією стосовно порушення їх прав; та міждержавні заяви, подані однієї державою проти іншої. З часу заснування Суду майже всі заяви до нього подавалися приватними особами, які безпосередньо зверталися до Суду зі скаргами на одне чи декілька порушень Конвенції. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/50Questions_UKR.pdf ) [813] => Array ( [objectID] => 5816 [title] => Capital Punishment in Twentieth-Century Britain. Audience, Justice, Memory [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-in-twentieth-century-britain-audience-justice-memory/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Drawing on primary research, this book explores the cultural life of the death penalty in Britain in the twentieth century, including an exploration of the role of the popular press and a discussion of portrayals of the death penalty in plays, novels and films. Popular protest against capital punishment and public responses to and understandings of capital cases are also discussed, particularly in relation to conceptualisations of justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.routledge.com/Capital-Punishment-in-Twentieth-Century-Britain-Audience-Justice-Memory/Seal/p/book/9780203104705 ) [814] => Array ( [objectID] => 5915 [title] => Terror on Death Row: The Abuse and Overuse of Pakistan’s Anti-Terrorism Legislation [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/terror-on-death-row-the-abuse-and-overuse-of-pakistans-anti-terrorism-legislation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report is a result of death row prisoner data from 38 prisons across Pakistan’s four provinces(Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (‘KPK ’),Punjab and Sindh. For most of Pakistan, the data runs to December 2012, thereby covering all those who are presently subject to execution dates. However, the report reflects further data on the province of Sindh running to October 2014 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2014_12_18_PUB-Pakistan-Terror-Courts-Report-JPP-and-Reprieve.pdf ) [815] => Array ( [objectID] => 6037 [title] => Parlamentarians and the Abolition of the Death Penalty – A Resource – [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/parlamentarians-and-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-a-resource/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This resource is for parlamentarians around the globe, currently working or thinking of working for the abolition of the death penalty. It is intended to provide some of the key arguments for abolition based on a series of case studies, showing how abolition has been achieved around the world. It is provided with an arguments section as well as with specific case studies based on countries that have either achieved abolition or have managed to achieve one of the intermediate steps toward abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP-ResourceParliamentarians2015-EN-1.pdf ) [816] => Array ( [objectID] => 6110 [title] => European Aid for Executions : How European Counternarcotics Aid Enables Death Sentences & Executions in Iran and Pakistan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/european-aid-for-executions-how-european-counternarcotics-aid-enables-death-sentences-executions-in-iran-and-pakistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Information gathered by Reprieve andpublished for the first time in this reportexposes how counter-narcotics aidprovided to Iran and Pakistan by Europeangovernments has ended up enabling andencouraging death sentences and executionsfor drug offences in those countries. Thereport’s findings are the product of two yearsof research, synthesising unpublished deathrow data obtained from Iranian and Pakistaniprisons with data on European counter-narcotics aid delivered through the UnitedNations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/European-Aid-for-Executions-A-Report-by-Reprieve.pdf ) [817] => Array ( [objectID] => 6114 [title] => The True Legacy of Atkins and Roper: The Unreliability Principle, Mentally Ill Defendants, and the Death Penalty’s Unraveling [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-true-legacy-of-atkins-and-roper-the-unreliability-principle-mentally-ill-defendants-and-the-death-penaltys-unraveling/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In striking down the death penalty for intellectually disabled and juvenile defendants, Atkins v. Virginia and Roper v. Simmons have been understandably heralded as important holdings under the Court's Eighth Amendment jurisprudence that has found the death penalty "disproportional" for certain types of defendants and crimes. This Article argues, however, that the cases have a far more revolutionary reach than their conventional understanding. In both cases the Court went one step beyond its usual two-step analysis of assessing whether imposing the death penalty violated "evolving standards of decency." This extra step looked at why even though intellectual disability and youth were powerful mitigators, juries were not able to reliably use them in their decision making. The Court thus articulated expressly for the first time what this Article calls the "unreliability principle:" if too great a risk exists that constitutionally protected mitigation cannot be reliably assessed, the unreliability means that the death penalty cannot be constitutionally imposed. In recognizing the unreliability principle, the Court has called into serious question the death penalty for other offenders to whom the principle applies, such as mentally ill defendants. And, unlike with the "evolving standards" analysis, the unreliability principle does not depend on whether a national consensus exists against the practice. This Article identifies the six Atkins-Roper factors that bring the unreliability principle into play and shows why they make application of the death penalty to mentally ill defendants unconstitutional. The principle, which finds its constitutional home in the cases of Woodson v. North Carolina and Lockett v. Ohio, has profound implications for the death penalty, and if taken to its logical endpoint calls into question the Court's core premise since Furman v. Georgia, that by providing individualized consideration of a defendant and his crime, the death penalty decision will be free of arbitrariness. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2532510 ) [818] => Array ( [objectID] => 6136 [title] => A Tale of Two (and Possibly Three) Atkins: Intellectual Disability and Capital Punishment Twelve Years after The Supreme Court’s Creation of a Categorical Bar [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-tale-of-two-and-possibly-three-atkins-intellectual-disability-and-capital-punishment-twelve-years-after-the-supreme-courts-creation-of-a-categorical-bar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The article, with three co-authors, examines empirically the capital cases decided by the lower courts since the United States Supreme Court created the categorical ban against the execution of persons with intellectual disability twelve years ago in the Atkins decision. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2549737 ) [819] => Array ( [objectID] => 6171 [title] => 2014 Report – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2014-report-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to its resolution 67/176. It discusses trends towardsthe abolition of the death penalty andthe establishment of moratoriums on executions. The report also reflects on the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty and discusses various international and regional initiativesfor the implementation of resolution67/176. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/288 ) [820] => Array ( [objectID] => 6172 [title] => Question of the death penalty: Report of the Secretary-General 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submittedin order to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty. The reportconfirms that the trend towards the universal abolition of the death penalty is continuing.However, numerous concerns remain with regard to the lack of respect for internationalhuman rights norms and standards in States that still impose the death penalty. Asrequested in Human Rights Council resolution 22/11, the report also includes informationon the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/27/23 ) [821] => Array ( [objectID] => 6183 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 16 – October 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-16-october-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate16-Oct2014-EN-1.pdf ) [822] => Array ( [objectID] => 6187 [title] => Capital Punishment A Hazard to a Sustainable Criminal Justice System? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-a-hazard-to-a-sustainable-criminal-justice-system/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book questions whether the death penalty in and of itself is a hazard to a sustainable development of criminal justice. As most jurisdictions move away from the death penalty, some remain strongly committed to it, while others hold on to it but use it sparingly. This volume seeks to understand why, by examining the death penalty’s relationship to state governance in the past and present. It also examines how international, transnational and national forces intersect in order to understand the possibilities of future death penalty abolition.The chapters cover the USA - the only western democracy that still uses the death penalty - and Asia - the site of some 90 per cent of all executions. Also included are discussions of the death penalty in Islam and its practice in selected Muslim majority countries. There is also a comparative chapter departing from the response to the mass killings in Norway in 2011. Leading experts in law, criminology and human rights combine theory and empirical research to further our understanding of the relationships between ways of governance, the role of leadership and the death penalty practices. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&title_id=19084&edition_id=23974 ) [823] => Array ( [objectID] => 6205 [title] => Factsheet – Lawyers [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-lawyers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the death penalty remains, persons with mental disabilities are at risk of being sentenced to death and executed in breach of international standards. This briefing paper provides concrete examples of what can be done to address this risk, including by ensuring that adequate mental health expertise is available for defendants in capital cases in which mental or intellectual disabilities are claimed as a factor. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2014-Fact_Sheet_Lawyers-1.pdf ) [824] => Array ( [objectID] => 6207 [title] => Fact Sheet – Judges [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fact-sheet-judges/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the death penalty remains, persons with mental disabilities are at risk of being sentenced to death and executed in breach of international standards. This briefing paper provides concrete examples of what can be done to address this risk, including by implementing existing standards barring the imposition of death sentences or executions on those with intellectual disabilities and those who are seriously mentally ill. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2014-Fact_Sheet_Judges-1.pdf ) [825] => Array ( [objectID] => 6217 [title] => The Death Penalty Project’s Annual Lecture 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-projects-annual-lecture-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 28th January 2014, DPP's 3rd lecture was held at the Inner Temple, London. Professor William Schabas delivered a lecture entitled “Universal Abolition: Only a Decade Away“. This video recording of the lecture includes the Q&A session. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7kwwyygA0A#t=464 ) [826] => Array ( [objectID] => 6218 [title] => #nodeathpenalty – Signs [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/nodeathpenalty-signs/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For this 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty the World Coalition has decided to focus on a social media campaign which it hopes will spread the truth about death penalty more widely than ever before. The concept is simple. People will make signs stating why they are against the death penalty and take a photo of themselves holding that sign and upload it onto a social media platform, with the hashtag #nodeathpenalty. With the photo uploaded, the person will nominate at least 3 people to do the same, thus creating an exponential (snowball) effect. Think of it as a cross between the #bringbackourgirls campaign in support for [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/nodeathpenalty-signs-English-version-1.pdf ) [827] => Array ( [objectID] => 6220 [title] => #nodeathpenalty – Flyer [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/nodeathpenalty-flyer/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For this 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty the World Coalition has decided to focus on a social media campaign which it hopes will spread the truth about death penalty more widely than ever before. The concept is simple. People will make signs stating why they are against the death penalty and take a photo of themselves holding that sign and upload it onto a social media platform, with the hashtag #nodeathpenalty. With the photo uploaded, the person will nominate at least 3 people to do the same, thus creating an exponential (snowball) effect. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/nodeathpenalty-flyer_EN-1.pdf ) [828] => Array ( [objectID] => 6228 [title] => Detailed Fact Sheet – Death Penalty and Mental Health [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-fact-sheet-death-penalty-and-mental-health/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed information on the death penalty and mental health. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2014_Fact_Sheet_Final-1.pdf ) [829] => Array ( [objectID] => 6230 [title] => Mobilisation Kit 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilisation-kit-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Produced to guide organisers, the kit suggests action and provides information about World Day and the theme chosen. For example, the section called “10 things you can to do on 10.10” suggests 10 activities to carry out within the framework of World Day such as participation in an art project, organisation of an event, or writing to those sentenced to death. It also suggests 10 tips for successful action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-KitMobilisationWD2014_V0.1-1.pdf ) [830] => Array ( [objectID] => 6234 [title] => The Death Penalty in Taiwan: a Report on Taiwan’s legal obligations under the ICCPR [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-taiwan-a-report-on-taiwans-legal-obligations-under-the-iccpr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report highlights specific aspects of Taiwan’s domestic legal order that does not meet the minimum standards under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Taiwan passed legislation to incorporate the ICCPR into the domestic legal order in 2009, yet the current death penalty practice is largely out of line with the contemporary understanding of the ICCPR as it relates to the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://portfolio.cpl.co.uk/DPP/Taiwan-report/1/ ) [831] => Array ( [objectID] => 6235 [title] => Leaflet – 12th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-12th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2013 World Day leaflet provides information on the issues surrounding mental health and the death penalty. It also gives arguments against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-8-pages-WEB-1.pdf ) [832] => Array ( [objectID] => 6239 [title] => Poster – 12th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-12th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 12th World Day against the Death Penalty dedicated to mental health:Mental disorder is never a crimeCare. Don't kill [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Poster_12th-World-Day-1-scaled.jpg ) [833] => Array ( [objectID] => 6242 [title] => Statement on Executions in the USA [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/statement-on-executions-in-usa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Following the botched execution of Clayton Lockett in Oklahoma on 29 April, the United Nations called on the United States to suspend executions in the face of potential international law violations. The World Coalition supports this call. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Statement_USA_Botched-Executions_May2014_EN-1.pdf ) [834] => Array ( [objectID] => 6253 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 15 – March 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-15-march-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate15-Mar2014-EN-1.pdf ) [835] => Array ( [objectID] => 6255 [title] => Supreme Court of India ruling in Shatrughan Chauhan & Anr. Versus Union of India & Ors. [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/supreme-court-of-india-ruling-in-shatrughan-chauhan-anr-versus-union-of-india-ors/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Court (pictured) ruled in favour of two prisoners who petitioned for a commutation of their death sentences to life imprisonment, claiming “the unconscionably long delay in deciding the mercy petition has caused the onset of chronic psychotic illness”. It acknowledged the “unbearable mental agony after confirmation of death sentence” and added that in some cases “death-row prisoners lost their mental balance on account of prolonged anxiety and suffering experienced on death row”. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/outtoday/wpc552013.pdf ) [836] => Array ( [objectID] => 6256 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 14 – January 2014 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-14-january-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate14-Jan2014-EN-1.pdf ) [837] => Array ( [objectID] => 6258 [title] => Ratification Kit – Haiti [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-haiti/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Haiti ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Haiti-EN-1.pdf ) [838] => Array ( [objectID] => 6260 [title] => Ratification Kit – Togo [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-togo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Togo-EN-1.pdf ) [839] => Array ( [objectID] => 5470 [title] => Japanese : 死刑囚の子ども達の未来に向けて [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e5%9b%9a%e3%81%ae%e5%ad%90%e3%81%a9%e3%82%82%e9%81%94%e3%81%ae-%e6%9c%aa%e6%9d%a5%e3%81%ab%e5%90%91%e3%81%91%e3%81%a6/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 本レポートは，初めに死刑囚の子どもについての基本的情報，すなわち，親が刑事司法制度において裁かれるに全過程を通じて現れる諸問題を提示する。次に，一般的な受刑者の子どもが直面する問題点との類似性を踏まえつつ，死刑囚の子どものケースは異なるものであることに焦点を当てる。世界における受刑者の子どもが置かれた状況の詳細については，勧告や望ましい実践例も含め，QUNO発刊のCollat-eralConvicts （2012）を参照していただきたい。第三に，死刑囚の子どもだけが体験する根本的に特有な問題点を検討する。本レポートは，限られた数の勧告のみを掲示している。これは，網羅的であることを意図するのではなく，前向きな展開が明確な分野の勧告のみを取り上げたためである。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.quno.org/sites/default/files/resources/Lightening%20the%20Load-Web-JP.pdf ) [840] => Array ( [objectID] => 5477 [title] => Belarusian : відэа: “Палёт” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/belarusian-%d0%b2%d1%96%d0%b4%d1%8d%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%91%d1%82/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Анімацыйная стужка, створаная таленавітымі валанцёрамі кампаніі "Праваабаронцы супраць смяротнага пакарання" раскрывае тэму незваротнасці і жорсткасці смяротнага прысуду. Беларусь -- апошняя краіна ў Еўропе і на постсавецкай прасторы, якая выкарыстоўвае смяротнае пакаранне. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&list=UUfP4k-QJViA0bBkr_X7D6kg&v=mH2SYEJsUdU ) [841] => Array ( [objectID] => 5478 [title] => Greek : НОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ УГОЛОВНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА В КИТАЕ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/greek-%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%b2%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Бурное социально-экономическое развитие КНР в последние годы обусловило изменения, произошедшие в современном китайском обществе, что, в свою очередь, повлекло необходи- мость изменения уголовного законодательства Китая. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://cj.isea.ru/pdf.asp?id=8110 ) [842] => Array ( [objectID] => 5504 [title] => German : Was ist die OSZE? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-was-ist-die-osze/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Europa ist mit neuen Bedrohungen und Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Mit ihrem vielseitigen Sicherheitsbegriff bietet die OSZE der Region ein Forum für politischen Dialog und Verhandlungen und eine Plattform für multilaterale Partnerschaften, die der praktischen Arbeit vor Ort dienen. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/de/secretariat/35780?download=true ) [843] => Array ( [objectID] => 5505 [title] => Italian : COS’È L’OSCE? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-cose-losce/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => L’Europa affronta nuove minacce e sfide. Grazie al suo approccio globale alla sicurezza, l’OSCE offre alla regione un forum per il dialogo e per i negoziati politici, nonché una piattaforma per partenariati multilaterali che attuano iniziative concrete sul terreno. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/it/secretariat/35778?download=true ) [844] => Array ( [objectID] => 6133 [title] => The International Library of Essays on Capital Punishment, Volume 3 : Policy and Governance [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-international-library-of-essays-on-capital-punishment-volume-3-policy-and-governance/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This volume provides analyses of a range of subjects and issues in the death penalty debate, from medicine to the media. The essays address in particular the personal complexities of those involved, a fundamental part of the subject usually overridden by the theoretical and legal aspects of the debate. The unique personal vantage offered by this volume makes it essential reading for anyone interested in going beyond the removed theoretical understanding of the death penalty, to better comprehending its fundamental humanity. Additionally, the international range of the analysis, enabling disaggregation of country specific motivations, ensures the complexities of the death penalty are also considered from a global perspective. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&forthcoming=1&title_id=19273&edition_id=24738 ) [845] => Array ( [objectID] => 6134 [title] => The International Library of Essays on Capital Punishment, Volume 2 : Abolition and Alternatives to Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-international-library-of-essays-on-capital-punishment-volume-2-abolition-and-alternatives-to-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The essays selected for this volume develop conventional abolition discourse and explore the conceptual framework through which abolition is understood and posited. Of particular interest is the attention given to an integral but often forgotten element of the abolition debate: alternatives to capital punishment. The volume also provides an account of strategies employed by the abolition community which challenges tired methodologies and offers a level of transparency previously unseen. This collection tackles complex but fundamental components of the capital punishment debate using empirical data and expert observations and is essential reading for those wishing to comprehend the fundamental issues which underpin capital punishment discourse. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&forthcoming=1&title_id=19272&edition_id=24737 ) [846] => Array ( [objectID] => 6135 [title] => The International Library of Essays on Capital Punishment, Volume 1 : Justice and Legal Issues [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-international-library-of-essays-on-capital-punishment-volume-1-justice-and-legal-issues/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This volume provides up-to-date and nuanced analysis across a wide spectrum of capital punishment issues. The essays move beyond the conventional legal approach and propose fresh perspectives, including a unique critique of the abolition sector. Written by a range of leading experts with diverse geographical, methodological and conceptual approaches, the essays in this volume challenge received wisdom and embrace a holistic understanding of capital punishment based on practical experience and empirical data. This collection is indispensable reading for anyone seeking a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the complexity of the death penalty discourse. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&forthcoming=1&title_id=19271&edition_id=24736 ) [847] => Array ( [objectID] => 6150 [title] => Note verbale dated 16 April 2013 from the Permanent Mission of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The permanent missions to the United Nations in New York listed below have the honour to refer to General Assembly resolution 67/176, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Third Committee on 19 November 2012, and subsequently by the General Assembly on 20 December 2012 by a recorded vote. The permanent missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention of existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Antigua and Barbuda [2] => Bahrain [3] => Bangladesh [4] => Barbados [5] => Botswana [6] => Brunei Darussalam [7] => Chad [8] => China [9] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [10] => Egypt [11] => Equatorial Guinea [12] => Eritrea [13] => Eswatini [14] => Ethiopia [15] => Grenada [16] => Guyana [17] => India [18] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [19] => Iraq [20] => Jamaica [21] => Kuwait [22] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [23] => Libya [24] => Malaysia [25] => Mauritania [26] => Myanmar [27] => Nigeria [28] => Oman [29] => Pakistan [30] => Papua New Guinea [31] => Qatar [32] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [33] => Saint Lucia [34] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [35] => Saudi Arabia [36] => Singapore [37] => Solomon Islands [38] => Somalia [39] => Sudan [40] => Syrian Arab Republic [41] => Tonga [42] => Trinidad and Tobago [43] => Uganda [44] => United Arab Emirates [45] => Yemen [46] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/67/841 ) [848] => Array ( [objectID] => 6209 [title] => The Death Penalty and Intellectual Disability: A Guide [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-and-intellectual-disability-a-guide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the 2002 landmark decision Atkins v. Virginia 536 U.S. 304, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that executing a person with intellectual disability is a violation of the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits “cruel and unusual punishment,” but left states to determine their own criteria for intellectual disability. AAIDD has always advocated against the death penalty for people with intellectual disability and has long provided amicus curiae briefs in Supreme Court cases. Thus, in this comprehensive new book published by AAIDD, notable authors in the field of intellectual disability discuss all aspects of the issues, with a particular focus on foundational considerations, assessment factors and issues, and professional concerns in Atkins assessments. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://aaidd.org/publications/bookstore-home/product-listing/2013/07/01/the-death-penalty-and-intellectual-disability-a-guide ) [849] => Array ( [objectID] => 6214 [title] => The Death Penalty in Japan: A report on Japan’s legal obligations under the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and an assessment of public attitudes to capital punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-japan-a-report-on-japans-legal-obligations-under-the-international-convenant-on-civil-and-political-rights-and-an-assessment-of-public-attitudes-to-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report was commissioned by the Death Penalty Project in order to assess Japan's legal obligations on the use of the death penalty under the ICCPR, and to examine the related subject of public attitudes toward capital punishment in Japan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://content.yudu.com/A22nfv/DPP-Japan-Report/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathpenaltyproject.org%2Flegal-resources%2Fresearch-publications%2Fthe-death-penalty-in-japan%2F ) [850] => Array ( [objectID] => 6264 [title] => Death penalty in Iran: A State terror policy – Special Update for 11th World Day against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-iran-a-state-terror-policy-special-update-for-11th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The change of administration in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and taking of office by a new president on 3 August 2013 has not brought any change as far as the death penalty is concerned. Between the 14 June presidential election and 1st October, more than 200 people have been reportedly executed, including possibly three people who may have been younger than 18 at the time of the commission of the alleged crimes.Against this backdrop, FIDH and its member organisation, LDDHI, have decided topublish the present report to analyse the new penal laws in force in Iran that are invoked consistently to violate the right to life in general and to execute child offenders. Coinciding with 10 October 2013, World Day against the Death Penalty, this report aimsto serve as an update on the current state of application of the death penalty in the IRI. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.scribd.com/document_downloads/175038412?extension=pdf&from=embed&source=embed ) [851] => Array ( [objectID] => 6265 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 13 – November 2013 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-13-november-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate13-Nov2013-EN-1.pdf ) [852] => Array ( [objectID] => 6273 [title] => Oral Statement from Amnesty International during the Panel on Children of Parents Sentenced to the Death Penalty or Executed (Human Rights Council, 24th Session) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/oral-statemen-from-amnesty-international-during-the-panel-on-children-of-parents-sentenced-to-the-death-penalty-or-executed-human-rights-council-24th-session/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Oral Statement from Amnesty International during the Panel on Children of Parents Sentenced to the Death Penalty or Executed, Human Rights Council, 24th Session. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/IOR41/013/2013/en/b49913e1-5e41-4165-bae3-330aca9c35c0/ior410132013en.pdf ) [853] => Array ( [objectID] => 6278 [title] => Children of parents sentenced to death or executed: How are they affected? How can they be supported? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/children-of-parents-sentenced-to-death-or-executed-how-are-they-affected-how-can-they-be-supported/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => From the point of arrest decades after the execution or release of a parent accused of a capital crime, the children’s mental health and wellbeing, living situation, and relationships with others can all be affected, usually in a devastating manner. The inherent trauma of knowing that a loved one is going to be executed can be exacerbated by public indifference or hostility, and by authorities who either fail to recognise or deliberately refuse to consider the situation of these children. This publication addresses the challenges to support the children. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.quno.org/geneva/pdf/humanrights/women-in-prison/webChildren_English.pdf ) [854] => Array ( [objectID] => 6279 [title] => Petition – Guatemala [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/petition-guatemala/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the 2013 World Day, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is asking Guatemala to abolish the death penalty for all crimes in law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => ) [855] => Array ( [objectID] => 6280 [title] => Petition – Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/petition-barbados-and-trinidad-tobago/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the 2013 World Day, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is asking Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago to abolish the mandatory death penalty for all crimes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-2013WorldDayPetition-Barbados-TT-1.pdf ) [856] => Array ( [objectID] => 6282 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 12 – September 2013 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-12-september-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate12-Sept2013-EN-1.pdf ) [857] => Array ( [objectID] => 6288 [title] => Fact Sheet – Death Penalty in the Caribbean [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fact-sheet-death-penalty-in-the-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed information on the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-2013WorldDayFactSheet-1.pdf ) [858] => Array ( [objectID] => 6293 [title] => Leaflet – World Coalition Presentation [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-world-coalition-presentation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presentation of the World Coalition's activities [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/PresentationCoalition-EN_BD-1.pdf ) [859] => Array ( [objectID] => 6309 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 11 – Mai 2013 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-11-mai-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate11-May2013-EN-1.pdf ) [860] => Array ( [objectID] => 6311 [title] => Leaflet – 11th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-11th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The leaflet of the 2013 World Day provides information on the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean. It also gives arguments against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_2013WorldDayLeaflet-1.pdf ) [861] => Array ( [objectID] => 6313 [title] => Poster – 11th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-11th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 11th World Day against the Death Penalty dedicated to the Caribbean:Stop Crime, not Live. Abolish the Death Penalty now [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2013WorldDayPoster_EN-1.jpg ) [862] => Array ( [objectID] => 6321 [title] => Resolution 67/176 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-67-176-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December 2012 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/67/457/Add.2 and Corr.1)] 67/176. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [texte] => Resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December 2012 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/67/457/Add.2 and Corr.1)] 67/176. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/67/176 ) [863] => Array ( [objectID] => 6348 [title] => WMA Resolution to Reaffirm the WMA’s Prohibition of Physician Partecipation in Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/wma-resolution-to-reaffirm-the-wmas-prohibition-of-physician-partecipation-in-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Medical Association has strengthened its opposition to capital punishment with a resolution at its recent conference in Bangkok that "physicians will not facilitate the importation or prescription of drugs for execution." [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/c23/index.html.pdf?print-media-type&footer-right=[page]/[toPage] ) [864] => Array ( [objectID] => 6349 [title] => Film: “Execution” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/film-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International Presents a Groundbreaking Film Event That Takes the Audience to the Front Row of an Execution--Regal Cinemas opens its doors in eight major cities across America for this first-of-a-kind motion picture less than 1 week after California's attempt to repeal the death penalty fails. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.executionfilm.com/ ) [865] => Array ( [objectID] => 6350 [title] => Film “Kill Troy Killing Me” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/film-kill-troy-killing-me/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A death penalty abolitionist (Martina Correia) must sound the alarms of our criminal justice system in time to save her brother from lethal injection. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ll8zMcNnjkU ) [866] => Array ( [objectID] => 6362 [title] => Video “Flight” – animation about death penalty in Belarus [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/video-flight-animation-about-death-penalty-in-belarus/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The animation film, created by talented volunteers of the campaign "Human Rights Defenders against Death Penalty", dwells on the topic of the cruelty and inhumanity of the death penalty in Belarus. Our country is the last one in Europe and on the post-Soviet space where the death penalty is still used [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://spring96.org/en/news/60563 ) [867] => Array ( [objectID] => 6363 [title] => Article: “Viedo Darryll Stallworth, Former Prosecutor supports SAFE California” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/article-viedo-darryll-stallworth-former-prosecutor-supports-safe-california/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Short video of Darryl Stallworth, a former California Deputy DA who once sought the death penalty as a prosecutor -- and now wants to replace the death penalty with life without parole. Darryl believes Prop. 34 is right step for California, and I wanted to share his story with you, too [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.safecalifornia.org/act/one-minute-changed-his-life?track=ema_20120510fwd&tag=ema_20120510fwd&utm_source=ema_20120510fwd&utm_medium=ema_&utm_campaign=fwd ) [868] => Array ( [objectID] => 6367 [title] => Film “THE ROAD TO LIVINGSTON” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/film-the-road-to-livingston/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Delia Perez-Meyer, an elementary school teacher, has taken a weeklyjourney from the classroom to death row for the past 12 years. She tells of her personal voyage, beginning from a place of frustration to acceptanceand hopeful activism. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.austinfilm.org/film-the-road-to-livingston-docs-in-progress ) [869] => Array ( [objectID] => 5471 [title] => Japanese : 联合国关于在刑事司法系统中获得法律援助机会的原则和准则 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e8%81%94%e5%90%88%e5%9b%bd%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e5%9c%a8%e5%88%91%e4%ba%8b%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%ad%e8%8e%b7%e5%be%97%e6%b3%95%e5%be%8b%e6%8f%b4%e5%8a%a9%e6%9c%ba%e4%bc%9a/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 经济及社会理事会决议 [根据预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会的建议(E/2012/30和Corr.1和2)通过] [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/RES/2012/15&referer=/english/&Lang=C ) [870] => Array ( [objectID] => 5475 [title] => Portuguese : Homofobia do Estado: Uma pesquisa mundial sobre legislações que criminalizam relações sexuais consensuais entre adultos do mesmo sexo [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-homofobia-do-estado-uma-pesquisa-mundial-sobre-legislacoes-que-criminalizam-relacoes-sexuais-consensuais-entre-adultos-do-mesmo-sexo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Este relatório anual é caracterizado por contrastes – algumas vitórias a serem celebradas contra um conjunto de leis odiosas ainda em vigência e contra os crimes de ódio ao redor do mundo. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_Homofobia_do_Estado_2012.pdf ) [871] => Array ( [objectID] => 5476 [title] => Japanese : 死刑を止めた国・韓国 [単行本] [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e3%82%92%e6%ad%a2%e3%82%81%e3%81%9f%e5%9b%bd%e3%83%bb%e9%9f%93%e5%9b%bd-%e5%8d%98%e8%a1%8c%e6%9c%ac/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => なぜ韓国は15年間死刑執行がないのか。事実上の死刑廃止国・韓国から学ぶ。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20130115p2a00m0na015000c.html ) [872] => Array ( [objectID] => 5479 [title] => Georgian : უვადო თავისუფლების აღკვეთისა და გრძელვადიანი სასჯელების გამოყენება და აღსრულება საქართველოში [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/georgian-%e1%83%a3%e1%83%95%e1%83%90%e1%83%93%e1%83%9d-%e1%83%97%e1%83%90%e1%83%95%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1%e1%83%a3%e1%83%a4%e1%83%9a%e1%83%94%e1%83%91%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%90%e1%83%a6%e1%83%99/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => საქართველოში ბოლო განაჩენი სიკვდილით დასჯის შესახებ აღსრულებულ იქნა სავარაუდოდ 1992/93 წლებში. სიკვდილით დასჯილთა შესახებ სტატისტიკურიინფორმაცია გამოთხოვილ იქნა სასჯელაღსრულების პრობაციისა და იურიდიული დახმარების სამინისტროს სასჯელაღსრულების დეპარტამენტიდან, თუმცა მიღებული პასუხის თანახმად, აღნიშნული ინფორმაცია ვერ იქნა მოძიებული [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/South%20Caucasus%20Research%20Report%20Death%20Penalty%20and%20Alternatives%20GEORGIAN.pdf ) [873] => Array ( [objectID] => 5480 [title] => Korean : Death Penalty: Another Murder [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/korean-death-penalty-another-murder/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For 15 years there have been no executions in South Korea. The film focuses mainly on South Korea through the stories of those directly affected by the death penalty and others outside the country who argue the case for abolition from the perspective of victims' families, Renny Cushing, Murder Victims Families for Human Rights. It includes testimony from those sentenced to death, a prison warden, the former President of South Korea, Kim Dae Jung, a former prisoner of conscience who was himself sentenced to death and who introduced a moratorium during his presidency. No executions have taken place in South Korea since former President Kim Dae Jung announced his decision. In September South Korea celebrated 5,000 days with no executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://adam.amnesty.org/asset-bank/action/search?attribute_603=Another+Murder ) [874] => Array ( [objectID] => 5481 [title] => Italian : Ratifica del protocollo n° 13 alla Convenzione per la salvaguardia dei Diritti dell’Uomo e delle Libertà fondamentali relativo all’abolizione delle pena di morte in ogni circostanza [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-ratifica-del-protocollo-n-13-alla-convenzione-per-la-salvaguardia-dei-diritti-delluomo-e-delle-liberta-fondamentali-relativo-allabolizione-delle-pena-di-morte-in-ogni-circost/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Status della raticazione del Protocollo 13 ECHR [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?CL=ITA&CM=&NT=187&DF=&VL= ) [875] => Array ( [objectID] => 5482 [title] => German : Ratifizierung des Protokoll Nr. 13 zur Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten bezüglich der Abschaffung der Todesstrafe unter allen Umständen [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-ratifizierung-des-protokoll-nr-13-zur-konvention-zum-schutze-der-menschenrechte-und-grundfreiheiten-bezuglich-der-abschaffung-der-todesstrafe-unter-allen-umstanden/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Status der Ratifizierung des Protokolls 13 ECHR [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?CL=GER&CM=&NT=187&DF=&VL= ) [876] => Array ( [objectID] => 5483 [title] => Thai : สถานการณ์โทษประหาร และการประหารชีวิต ในปี 2554 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/thai-%e0%b8%aa%e0%b8%96%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%93%e0%b9%8c%e0%b9%82%e0%b8%97%e0%b8%a9%e0%b8%9b%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b0%e0%b8%ab%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3-%e0%b9%81%e0%b8%a5%e0%b8%b0/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => รายงานข้อมูลการใช้โทษประหารชีวิตในปี 2554 เป็นเครื่องยืนยันว่าทั่วโลกมีแนวโน้มที่มุ่งสู่การยกเลิกโทษประหาร จำ� นวนประเทศที่มีการประหารชีวิตลดลงจากปีที่ผ่านมา และในภาพรวมมีความก้าวหน้าเกิดขึ้นในทุกภูมิภาคของโลก สหรัฐอเมริกาเป็นเพียงประเทศเดียวในกลุ่มประเทศอุตสาหกรรม G8ที่ยังมีการประหารชีวิตอยู่ มลรัฐอิลลินอยส์เป็นรัฐที่ 16 ซึ่งยกเลิกโทษประหารและในเดือนพฤศจิกายน จอห์น คิตซ์ฮาร์เบอร์ (John Kitzhaber) ผู้ว่าการมลรัฐโอเรกอนประกาศยุติการใช้โทษประหารชั่วคราว [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2012/en/af1daeff-8121-48b8-bd39-01f7fea430ac/act500012012th.pdf ) [877] => Array ( [objectID] => 5484 [title] => Korean : 연례사형현황 보고서 2011 사형선고와 사형집행 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/korean-%ec%97%b0%eb%a1%80%ec%82%ac%ed%98%95%ed%98%84%ed%99%a9-%eb%b3%b4%ea%b3%a0%ec%84%9c-2011-%ec%82%ac%ed%98%95%ec%84%a0%ea%b3%a0%ec%99%80-%ec%82%ac%ed%98%95%ec%a7%91%ed%96%89/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 2011년 세계 사형현황은 전세계적인 사형폐지 움직임을 잘 나타내주고 있다. 사형을 적용하는 국가의 수는 예년에 비해 더 줄어들었으며 세계 모든 지역에서 사형폐지를 향한 움직임이 있었다.미국은 G8 국가들 중 유일하게 사형을 집행했지만 일리노이 주(州)가 16번째 사형폐지주가 되었고 오레곤 주지사가 사형집행모라토리엄을 선포하는 등 일정 부분에서 발전이 있었다. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2012/en/b3820c01-fa89-4013-97a1-58677236dce5/act500012012ko.pdf ) [878] => Array ( [objectID] => 5485 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIÙ IMPORTANTI DEL 2011 (E DEI PRIMI SEI MESI DEL 2012) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2011-e-dei-primi-sei-mesi-del-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da oltre dieci anni, si è confermata nel 2011 e anche nei primi sei mesi del 2012.I Paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 155. Di questi, i Paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 99; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 7; quelli che attuano una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 5; i Paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni o che si sono impegnati internazionalmente ad abolire la pena di morte, sono 44. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=16308814 ) [879] => Array ( [objectID] => 6269 [title] => Caribbean Human Development Report – Human Development and the Shift to Better Citizen Security [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/caribbean-human-development-report-human-development-and-the-shift-to-better-citizen-security/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Caribbean Human Development Report reviews the current state of crime as well as national and regional policies and programmes to address the problem in seven English- and Dutch-speaking Caribbean countries: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. The new study recommends that Caribbean governments implement youth crime prevention through education, as well as provide employment opportunities that target the marginalized urban poor. A shift in focus is needed it says, from a state protection approach to one that focuses on citizen security and participation, promoting law enforcement that is fair, accountable, and more respectful of human rights. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://hdr.undp.org/fr/content/human-development-and-shift-better-citizen-security ) [880] => Array ( [objectID] => 6344 [title] => BN at 6 – Our Stories, Our Miracles: Sentenced to Death, An Innocent Man Steps Out After 24 Years in Prison – Olatunji Olaide shares his story of Survival, Freedom & Hope [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bn-at-6-our-stories-our-miracles-sentenced-to-death-an-innocent-man-steps-out-after-24-years-in-prison-olatunji-olaide-shares-his-story-of-survival-freedom-hope/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Olatunji Olaide was wrongfully arrested and subsequently sentenced to death. He shares the harrowing experience of his time in prison and his survival and freedom with BN and how he kept his head high in the face of the storm.We hope that you are inspired by it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/07/19/bn-at-6-our-stories-our-miracles-an-innocent-man-steps-out-after-24-years-in-prison-olatunji-olaide-shares-his-story-of-pain-survival-freedom/ ) [881] => Array ( [objectID] => 6355 [title] => Article: “Troy Davis: Why Poster Boys Don’t Matter” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/article-troy-davis-why-poster-boys-dont-matter/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Is the Troy Davis case the tipping point on the capital punishment debate? Unfortunately, not until the majority of Americans believes that killing—even an unquestionably guilty murderer—is wrong. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.guernicamag.com/daily/david_r_dow_troy_davis_why_pos/ ) [882] => Array ( [objectID] => 6397 [title] => FHRI and PRI submission to the UN Sec-Gen report on the status of the death penalty in East Africa – Kenya and Uganda April 2012 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fhri-and-pri-submission-to-the-un-sec-gen-report-on-the-status-of-the-death-penalty-in-east-africa-kenya-and-uganda-april-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Two trends accompanying the abolition of the death penalty give reason for concern: there is a striking increase in offences that carry the sanction of life imprisonment as the sanction which typically replaces the death penalty following abolition or a moratorium of the death penalty; and a striking increase in prisoners serving this indefinite sentence. Secondly, a differential, harsher treatment is applied to them as compared to other categories of prisoners. At the same time, the development of international standards in any affirmative–if not legally binding– form are lacking. As a consequence states are more frequently enforcing a form of punishment problematic in terms of international human rights standards and norms. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/Life%20after%20death_English%20(117KB).pdf ) [883] => Array ( [objectID] => 6426 [title] => Killer Art: Florida’s Death Row Artists [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/killer-art-floridas-death-row-artists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Art and letters from the men who await death in the Union Correctional Institution in Raiford, Florida [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.createspace.com/3798968 ) [884] => Array ( [objectID] => 6427 [title] => Circumstances of Offense: Robert “Saint” Bailey on Death Row [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/circumstances-of-offense-robert-saint-bailey-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book is a first-hand account of the life of Simon City Royals gangster Robert "Saint" Bailey who is currently on Death Row in Raiford, Florida. He killed a law enforcement officer in 2005. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Circumstances-Offense-Robert-Saint-Bailey/dp/1469972018/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1330006530&sr=8-1 ) [885] => Array ( [objectID] => 6447 [title] => THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2011 (and the first six months of 2012) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-of-2011-and-the-first-six-months-of-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => THE SITUATION TODAY The worldwide trend towards abolition, underway for more than ten years, was again confirmed in 2011 and the first six months of 2012. There are currently 155 Countries and territories that, to different extents, have decided to renounce the death penalty. Of these: 99 are totally abolitionist; 7 are abolitionist for ordinary crimes; 5 have a moratorium on executions in place and 44 are de facto abolitionist (i.e. Countries that have not carried out any executions for at least 10 years or Countries which have binding obligations not to use the death penalty). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=16308818 ) [886] => Array ( [objectID] => 6453 [title] => Leaflet – 10th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-10th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The leaflet on the 2012 World Day provides information on the evolution of the abolition of the death penalty in the past ten years and presents the challenges ahead. It also gives arguments against the death penaty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WorldDay2012Leaflet-1.pdf ) [887] => Array ( [objectID] => 6455 [title] => Poster – 10th World Day [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-10th-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster of the 10th World Day against the Death Penalty:Abolish the Death Penalty. It's a better world without it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2012WorldDayPoster_EN-1.pdf ) [888] => Array ( [objectID] => 6462 [title] => Peter Jackson talks about his innocence project: ‘West of Memphis’ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/peter-jackson-talks-about-his-innocence-project-west-of-memphis/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the past seven years, Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh have quietly financed investigations to help free Jason Baldwin, Jesse Misskelley Jr., and Damien Echols, known as the the West Memphis Three, who were wrongly convicted in 1994 of murdering three 8-year-old boys in West Memphis , Arkansas. This piece provides and in-depth look into Peter and Fran's involvement with the investigattion, the creation of 'West of Memphis' as a way to expose key developments in the infamous murder case and Jackson's main goal, to exonerate the West Memphis Three and help find the real killer. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/01/16/peter-jackson-west-memphis-three/ ) [889] => Array ( [objectID] => 6552 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 10 – March 2012 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-10-march-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate10-Mar2012-EN-1.pdf ) [890] => Array ( [objectID] => 5472 [title] => Slovene : PrIročnIk Izobraževalno gradIvo Izobraževanje za človekovo dostojanstvo Priročnik o uPorabi ParticiPatornih metod Pri učenju človekovih Pravic [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/slovene-prirocnik-izobrazevalno-gradivo-izobrazevanje-za-clovekovo-dostojanstvo-prirocnik-o-uporabi-participatornih-metod-pri-ucenju-clovekovih-pravic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Priročnik je del projekta Amnesty International Izobraževanje za človekovo dostojanstvo in je namenjen souporabi z vsebinskimi priročniki projekta o revščini in človekovih pravicah. Razvit pa je bil s fleksibilnostjo, ki omogoča, da se ga lahko uporabi tudi samostojno kot splošni pripomoček v raznolikih okoljih. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display_doc.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Famnesty.org%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fasset%2FACT35%2F020%2F2011%2Fen%2F0d5e55f3-389f-44f5-a383-23c86bba938f%2Fact350202011sl.pdf&external=N ) [891] => Array ( [objectID] => 5473 [title] => Polish : Poradnik dla facylitatorów i facylitatorek Pakiet materiałów Projektu edukacja dla Godności Przewodnik Po strategiach aktywnego uczestnictwa w edukacji Praw człowieka [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/polish-poradnik-dla-facylitatorow-i-facylitatorek-pakiet-materialow-projektu-edukacja-dla-godnosci-przewodnik-po-strategiach-aktywnego-uczestnictwa-w-edukacji-praw-czlowieka/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Publikacja jest częścią projektu Amnesty international – edukacja dla Godności i może być wykorzystywana w realizacji modułów projektowych na temat ubóstwa i praw człowieka, a także jako odrębna propozycja tematów zajęć szkoleniowych. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display_doc.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Famnesty.org%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fasset%2FACT35%2F020%2F2011%2Fen%2F034cc77d-32c5-479e-8fb9-18d88a982ddc%2Fact350202011pl.pdf&external=N ) [892] => Array ( [objectID] => 5474 [title] => Italian : MANUALE DI FACILITAZIONE KIT DIDATTICO GUIDA ALL’USO DELLE METODOLOGIE PARTECIPATIVE PER L’EDUCAZIONE AI DIRITTI UMANI [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-manuale-di-facilitazione-kit-didattico-guida-alluso-delle-metodologie-partecipative-per-leducazione-ai-diritti-umani/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Questa guida rientra nel progetto Education for Human Dignity di Amnesty International e nasce per essere utilizzata con i moduli del progetto riguardanti povertà e diritti umani.Il manuale di facilitazione, è stato, però, realizzato con la flessibilità necessaria a renderlo fruibile anche singolarmente, come risorsa generale in diversi contesti. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display_doc.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Famnesty.org%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fasset%2FACT35%2F020%2F2011%2Fen%2F0c2478e6-6ae1-436e-892a-e9065c041e53%2Fact350202011it.pdf&external=N ) [893] => Array ( [objectID] => 5486 [title] => Urdu : آٹھ کیس شیٹ (ڈھکنے کا چین، بھارت، انڈونیشیا، جاپان، ملائیشیا، پاکستان، سنگاپور ، تائیوان) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/urdu-%d8%a2%d9%b9%da%be-%da%a9%db%8c%d8%b3-%d8%b4%db%8c%d9%b9-%da%88%da%be%da%a9%d9%86%db%92-%da%a9%d8%a7-%da%86%db%8c%d9%86%d8%8c-%d8%a8%da%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d9%86%da%88%d9%88/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => اس رپورٹ کو ترتیب دیتے ہوئے کئی مقدمات کا دوبارہ جائزہ لیا گیا جس سے سزائے موت پر عمل درآمد سے پیدا ہونے والے اصل خطرات ظاہر ہوئے ہیں۔ آٹھ کیس شیٹ (ڈھکنے کا چین، بھارت، انڈونیشیا، جاپان، ملائیشیا، پاکستان، سنگاپور ، تائیوان) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/urdu_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [894] => Array ( [objectID] => 5487 [title] => Thai : แปดแผ่นกรณี (ครอบคลุมถึงจีน, อินเดีย, อินโดนีเซีย, ญี่ปุ่น, มาเลเซีย, ปากีสถาน, สิงคโปร์, ไต้หวัน) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/thai-%e0%b9%81%e0%b8%9b%e0%b8%94%e0%b9%81%e0%b8%9c%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%93%e0%b8%b5-%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%a5%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%a1%e0%b8%96%e0%b8%b6/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ในรายงานฉบับนี้ มีการทบทวนคดีต่างๆ ที่เกิดขึ้นซึ่งสะท้อนให้เห็นอย่างชัดเจนถึงอันตรายร้ายแรงของการใช้โทษประหารชีวิต การตัดสินว่าใครจะถูกประหารและใครที่จะรอด มักไม่ แปดแผ่นกรณี (ครอบคลุมถึงจีน, อินเดีย, อินโดนีเซีย, ญี่ปุ่น, มาเลเซีย, ปากีสถาน, สิงคโปร์, ไต้หวัน) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/thai_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [895] => Array ( [objectID] => 5488 [title] => Tagalog : Eight kaso sheet (sumasakop sa China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tagalog-eight-kaso-sheet-sumasakop-sa-china-india-indonesia-japan-malaysia-pakistan-singapore-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Sa pagbuo ng ulat na ito, nirepaso ang ilang kaso na malinaw na nagpapakita ng tunay na panganib sa pagsasagawa ng parusang kamatayan. Eight kaso sheet (sumasakop sa China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/tag_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [896] => Array ( [objectID] => 5489 [title] => Japanese : 八ケースシート（カバー中国、インド、インドネシア、日本、マレーシア、パキスタン、シンガポール、台湾） [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e5%85%ab%e3%82%b1%e3%83%bc%e3%82%b9%e3%82%b7%e3%83%bc%e3%83%88%ef%bc%88%e3%82%ab%e3%83%90%e3%83%bc%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e3%80%81%e3%82%a4%e3%83%b3%e3%83%89%e3%80%81%e3%82%a4%e3%83%b3%e3%83%89/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 本報告書をまとめるに際し、死刑を適用することが現実に危険であるということを明らかに示す事例を検討したシート（カバー中国、インド、インドネシア、日本、マレーシア、パキスタン、シンガポール、台湾） [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/jp_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [897] => Array ( [objectID] => 5490 [title] => Indonesian : Delapan kasus lembar (meliputi Cina, India, Indonesia, Jepang, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapura, Taiwan) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-delapan-kasus-lembar-meliputi-cina-india-indonesia-jepang-malaysia-pakistan-singapura-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Saat penyusunan laporan ini, sejumlah kasus sudah ditinjau lagi yang secara jelas menunjukkan bahaya nyata penerapan hukuman mati. Delapan kasus lembar (meliputi Cina, India, Indonesia, Jepang, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapura, Taiwan) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/ind_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [898] => Array ( [objectID] => 5491 [title] => Hindi : आठ मामले शीट (कवर चीन, भारत, इंडोनेशिया, जापान, मलेशिया, पाकिस्तान, सिंगापुर, ताइवान) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hindi-%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%a0-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%9f-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9a%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => इस रिपोर्ट संकलन में मामलों की संख्या की समीक्षा की गई है जो स्पष्ट रूप से मौत की सजा को लागू करने के बहुत असली खतरों का प्रदर्शन. आठ मामले शीट (कवर चीन, भारत, इंडोनेशिया, जापान, मलेशिया, पाकिस्तान, सिंगापुर, ताइवान) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/hindi_adpan_sheet_all_web.pdf ) [899] => Array ( [objectID] => 5492 [title] => Korean : 아시아에서의 치명적 불의 불공정 재판을 멈춰라, 사형집행을 중단하라. [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/korean-%ec%95%84%ec%8b%9c%ec%95%84%ec%97%90%ec%84%9c%ec%9d%98-%ec%b9%98%eb%aa%85%ec%a0%81-%eb%b6%88%ec%9d%98-%eb%b6%88%ea%b3%b5%ec%a0%95-%ec%9e%ac%ed%8c%90%ec%9d%84-%eb%a9%88%ec%b6%b0%eb%9d%bc/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 아시아∙태평양 지역에서는 세계 나머지 모든 곳을 다 합친 것보다 더 많은 사람이 사형을 당한다. 게다가 불공정한 재판을 받고 사형당할 가능성까지 감안하면 사형이 얼마나 부당한 제도인지 명백히 드러난다. 공정한 재판을 받지 못한 채 사형이 집행된 후에는 이를 되돌이킬 방법이 전혀 없다. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/korean_3347_adpan_shrta4_web.pdf ) [900] => Array ( [objectID] => 5493 [title] => Thai : การประหารชีวิตที่อยุติธรรม ในภูมิภาคเอเชีย ยุติการพิจารณาคดีที่ไม่เป็นธรรม ยกเลิกการประหารชีวิต [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/thai-%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%9b%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b0%e0%b8%ab%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%8a%e0%b8%b5%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%b4%e0%b8%95%e0%b8%97%e0%b8%b5%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%95/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ในเอเชียแปซิฟิกมีจ [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/thai_3347_adpan_shrta4_web.pdf ) [901] => Array ( [objectID] => 5494 [title] => Urdu : یفاصناان کلہم ںیم ایشیا ںیرک متخ توم ےازس ،دنب تامدقم ہنافصنمریغ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/urdu-%db%8c%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a7%d9%86-%da%a9%d9%84%db%81%d9%85-%da%ba%db%8c%d9%85-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4%db%8c%d8%a7-%da%ba%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ae-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%85-%db%92/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ںیم سا ۔ےہ یتاج ید توم ےازس وک دارفا ہدایز ےس ایند یقاب ںیم ےطخ کفسیپ ایشیا ںیم ےجیتن ےک تعامس ہنافصنمریغ ںیہنا ہک ےئاج ایل رک لماش یھب وک ناکما سا رگا ۔ےہ یتاجوہ حضاو یفاصناان یعومجم یک ازس سا وت یئگ ید ازس [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/ur_3347_adpan_shrta4_web1.pdf ) [902] => Array ( [objectID] => 5495 [title] => Tagalog : NAKAMAMATAY NA KAWALAN NG KATARUNGAN SA ASYA Itigil ang Di Makatarungang paglilitis, Itigil ang Pagbitay [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tagalog-nakamamatay-na-kawalan-ng-katarungan-sa-asya-itigil-ang-di-makatarungang-paglilitis-itigil-ang-pagbitay/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mas maraming tao ang pinarusahan ng kamatayan sa Rehiyong Asya-Pasipikokung ikukumpara sa pinagsamang iba pang bahagi ng mundo. Idagdag pa rito ang probabilidad na sila ay binitay pagkatapos ng di-makatarungang paglilitis, at lalong lilinaw ang garapal na inhustisya ng parusang ito. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/tag_3347_adpan_shrta4_web.pdf ) [903] => Array ( [objectID] => 5496 [title] => Mongolian : АЗИ ТИВ ДЭХ ЭНЭРЭЛГҮЙ ШУДАРГА БУС ЯВДАЛ Шударга бусaap шүүх явдлыг зогсоож, цаазын ялыг халъя [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mongolian-%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%b8-%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2-%d0%b4%d1%8d%d1%85-%d1%8d%d0%bd%d1%8d%d1%80%d1%8d%d0%bb%d0%b3%d2%af%d0%b9-%d1%88%d1%83%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b3%d0%b0-%d0%b1%d1%83%d1%81-%d1%8f%d0%b2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ази, Номхон далайн бүсэд дэлхийн бусад орнуудыг нийлүүлж тооцсоноос ч илүү олон хүнийг цаазалж байна. Үүнээс гадна тэр хүмүүсийг шударга бус шүүхээр шүүсэн байх магадлалтай бөгөөд энэхүү шийтгэл нь асар ичгүүргүй, шударга бус болох нь улам ойлгомжтой болсоор байна. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/mon_3347_adpan_shrta4_proof_web.pdf ) [904] => Array ( [objectID] => 5497 [title] => Japanese : 不当に奪われる生命～アジアにおける不公正な裁判を止め、死刑執行の停止を～ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e4%b8%8d%e5%bd%93%e3%81%ab%e5%a5%aa%e3%82%8f%e3%82%8c%e3%82%8b%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd-%ef%bd%9e%e3%82%a2%e3%82%b8%e3%82%a2%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%81%91%e3%82%8b%e4%b8%8d%e5%85%ac%e6%ad%a3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => アジア太平洋地域における死刑の執行数は、世界の他の地域の合計数よりも多い。その上、不公正な裁判で処刑された可能性や、死刑の著しい不正義が明らかになっている。誤判で死刑判決が言い渡されると、取り返しがつかない。アジア太平洋地域の人口の95パーセントが、死刑を存置 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/jp_3347_adpan_shrta4_web.pdf ) [905] => Array ( [objectID] => 5498 [title] => Hindi : एशिया में घातक अन्याय: समाप्ति अनुचित परीक्षण, सज़ाएँ बंद करो [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hindi-%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%b6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%98%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ae/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => संयुक्त दुनिया के बाकी की तुलना में एशिया - प्रशांत क्षेत्र में और अधिक लोगों को क्रियान्वित कर रहे हैं. इस संभावना है कि वे एक अनुचित परीक्षण के बाद मार डाला गया जोड़ें, और इस सज़ा के सकल अन्याय सब भी स्पष्ट हो जाता है. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/hindi-3347_adpan_shrta4_web1.pdf ) [906] => Array ( [objectID] => 5499 [title] => Indonesian : KETIDAKADILAN YANG MEMATIKAN DI ASIA Akhiri peradilan yang tidak adil, hentikan eksekusi [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-ketidakadilan-yang-mematikan-di-asia-akhiri-peradilan-yang-tidak-adil-hentikan-eksekusi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Lebih banyak orang yang dieksekusi mati di kawasan Asia-Pasifik dibandingkan dengan gabungan jumlah hukuman mati di kawasan lain di dunia. Ditambah lagi adanya kemungkinan bahwa mereka dieksekusi hukuman mati setelah melalui sebuah peradilan yang tidak adil, maka ketidakadilan yang sangat besar dari hukuman ini menjadi semakin jelas. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/ind_3347_adpan_shrta4_web1.pdf ) [907] => Array ( [objectID] => 5500 [title] => Portuguese : História de uma execução [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-historia-de-uma-execucao/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Reportagem de Fabian Biasio sobre a execução de um assassino esquizofrênico no Texas. Em 2003, o fotógrafo acompanhou Tina Morris durante a semana que precedia a execução do seu irmão, James Colburn. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.swissinfo.ch/por/multimidia/galeria_fotos/Historia_de_uma_execucao.html?cid=31312600 ) [908] => Array ( [objectID] => 5519 [title] => German : Der in Kürze Gerichthof [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-der-in-kurze-gerichthof/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte ist ein internationales Gericht, das seine Tätigkeit im Jahre 1959 aufnahm. Er entscheidet über Individual- und Staatenbeschwerden, in denen eine Verletzung der in der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention niedergelegten bürgerlichen und politischen Rechte gerügt wird. Seit 1998 ist der Gerichtshof ein ständig tagendes Gericht, an das sich Einzelpersonen direkt wenden können. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Court_in_brief_DEU.pdf ) [909] => Array ( [objectID] => 6398 [title] => FHRI and PRI submission to the UN Sec-Gen report on the status of the death penalty in East Africa – Kenya and Uganda April 2012 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fhri-and-pri-submission-to-the-un-sec-gen-report-on-the-status-of-the-death-penalty-in-east-africa-kenya-and-uganda-april-2012-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To date, Kenya and Uganda have not signed the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and are not party to any international or regional treaty prohibiting the death penalty. While Kenya abstained from voting in the 2010 UN General Assembly moratorium resolution, Uganda voted against it and signed the note verbale of issociation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/FHRI%20and%20PRI%20submission%20to%20the%20UN%20Sec-Gen%20report%20on%20the%20status%20of%20the%20death%20penalty%20in%20East%20Africa%20-%20Kenya%20and%20Uganda%20April2012.pdf ) [910] => Array ( [objectID] => 6399 [title] => Briefing Paper on the death penalty in Middle East & North Africa [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-paper-on-the-death-penalty-in-middle-east-north-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => NGO coalition report submitted to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/NGO%20report%20on%20death%20penalty%20in%20Belarus.pdf ) [911] => Array ( [objectID] => 6429 [title] => One Iranian lawyer’s fight to save juveniles from execution [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/one-iranian-lawyers-fight-to-save-juveniles-from-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As part of Amnesty International's 2012 death penalty campaign the Guardian and animators from Sherbet tell in this short animation fim the extraordinary story of Mohammad Mostafaei, a lawyer who has saved 20 of the 40 juveniles he has defended from execution in Iran. Actor Paul Bettany speaks the lawyer's words. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2012/mar/27/lawyer-fight-juveniles-execution-animation ) [912] => Array ( [objectID] => 6476 [title] => MVFHR Asia Speech Tour in Korea & Japan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mvfhr-asia-speech-tour-in-korea-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MVFHR is an organization formed by a group of victim's family members. They have traveled across the ocean all the way down to Korea, Japan, and Taiwan to share their stories and views on the death penalty with the local victim's family members, attorneys, and human rights organizations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rAKflop76s&feature=youtu.be ) [913] => Array ( [objectID] => 6477 [title] => The Executioner’s Song [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-executioners-song/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Norman Mailer tells Gary Gilmore's story, and those of the men and women caught up in his procession toward the firing squad, with implacable authority, steely compassion, and a restraint that evokes the parched landscapes and stern theology of Gilmore's Utah. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Executioners-Song-Norman-Mailer/dp/0375700811/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1323431284&sr=8-1 ) [914] => Array ( [objectID] => 6480 [title] => Outlook: The release of Sierra Leone’s longest serving female death row prisoner. [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/outlook-the-release-of-sierra-leones-longest-serving-female-death-row-prisoner/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The release of Sierra Leone's longest serving female death row prisoner. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sierra Leone ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p00fvkmq/Outlook_04_04_2011/ ) [915] => Array ( [objectID] => 6482 [title] => Execution Watch: Mitt Romney’s ‘Foolproof’ Death Penalty Act and the Politics of Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/execution-watch-mitt-romneys-foolproof-death-penalty-act-and-the-politics-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article presents a legal and political analysis of the 2003 - 2005 effort of Governor Mitt Romney to make the death penalty available as a sentencing option in Massachusetts. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1967201 ) [916] => Array ( [objectID] => 6489 [title] => Victim’s son objects as Texas sets execution in hate crime death [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/victims-son-objects-as-texas-sets-execution-in-hate-crime-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As Texas prepares to execute one of his father's killers, Ross Byrd hopes the state shows the man the mercy his father, James Byrd Jr., never got when he was dragged behind a truck to his [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/21/us-texas-execution-son-idUSTRE78K35B20110921 ) [917] => Array ( [objectID] => 6500 [title] => Death penalty’s unlikely opponents [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penaltys-unlikely-opponents/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article reviews several cases where the families of victim's speak out against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/new-voices-death-penaltys-unlikely-opponents ) [918] => Array ( [objectID] => 6508 [title] => Executing the will of the voters: a roadmap to mend or end the California Legislature’s Milti-billion-dollar death penalty debacle [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executing-the-will-of-the-voters-a-roadmap-to-mend-or-end-the-california-legislatures-milti-billion-dollar-death-penalty-debacle/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Article uncovers the true costs of administering the death penalty in California by tracing how much taxpayers are spending for death penalty trials versus non–death penalty trials and for costs incurred due to the delay from the initial sentence of death to the execution.The article makes recomendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/LoyolaCalifCosts.pdf ) [919] => Array ( [objectID] => 6511 [title] => Remedies for California’s Death Row Deadlock [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/remedies-for-californias-death-row-deadlock/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Article identifies the woeful inefficiencies of the current procedures that have led to inexcusable delays in arriving at just results in death penalty cases and describes how California came to find itself in this untenable condition. The article makes recomendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/AlarconSClawrev.pdf ) [920] => Array ( [objectID] => 6514 [title] => A victim of 9/11 hate crime now fights for his attacker’s life [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-victim-of-9-11-hate-crime-now-fights-for-his-attackers-life/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Immigrant badly wounded by 'Arab Slayer' mounts long-shot bid to halt execution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43241014/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/victim-hate-crime-now-fights-his-attackers-life/ ) [921] => Array ( [objectID] => 6539 [title] => Elmer ‘Geronimo’ Pratt dies at 63; former Black Panther whose murder conviction was overturned [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/elmer-geronimo-pratt-dies-at-63-former-black-panther-whose-murder-conviction-was-overturned/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Elmer G. "Geronimo" Pratt, a former Los Angeles Black Panther Party leader whose 1972 murder conviction was overturned after he spent 27 years in prison for a crime he said he did not commit, has died. He was 63. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-geronimo-pratt-20110603,0,6307630.story ) [922] => Array ( [objectID] => 6554 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 9 – October 2011 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-9-october-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => ) [923] => Array ( [objectID] => 6557 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 8 – August 2011 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-8-august-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate8-August2011-EN-1.pdf ) [924] => Array ( [objectID] => 6559 [title] => Ratificationt Kit – Cambodia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratificationt-kit-cambodia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cambodia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Cambodia-EN-1.pdf ) [925] => Array ( [objectID] => 6567 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 7 – May 2011 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-7-may-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate7-May2011-EN-1.pdf ) [926] => Array ( [objectID] => 6569 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 6 – March 2011 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-6-march-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate6-March2011-EN-1.pdf ) [927] => Array ( [objectID] => 7008 [title] => Human Rights and Democracy: The 2010 Foreign & Commonwealth Office Report [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-and-democracy-the-2010-foreign-commonwealth-office-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report covers the period from January to December 2010, though some key events in early 2011 have also been included. It highlights the important progressbeing made, serious concerns that we have, and what we are doing to promote our values around the world. It will rightly be studied closely by Parliament, NGOs and the wider public. There is a chapter dedicated to the death penalty, as well as 2010 figures on the death penalty in target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/htcdn/Human-Rights-and-Democracy-The-2010-Foreign-Commonwealth-Report.pdf ) [928] => Array ( [objectID] => 7035 [title] => Note verbale dated 11 March 2011 from the Permanent Mission of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The permanent missions to the United Nations in New York listed below have the honour to refer to General Assembly resolution 65/206, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Third Committee on 11 November 2010, and subsequently by the General Assembly on 21 December 2010 by a recorded vote. The permanent missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention of existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Antigua and Barbuda [2] => Bahamas [3] => Bahrain [4] => Bangladesh [5] => Barbados [6] => Botswana [7] => Brunei Darussalam [8] => Central African Republic [9] => Chad [10] => China [11] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [12] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [13] => Dominica [14] => Egypt [15] => Equatorial Guinea [16] => Eritrea [17] => Eswatini [18] => Ethiopia [19] => Grenada [20] => Guinea [21] => Guyana [22] => Indonesia [23] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [24] => Iraq [25] => Jamaica [26] => Kuwait [27] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [28] => Libya [29] => Malaysia [30] => Myanmar [31] => Niger [32] => Nigeria [33] => Oman [34] => Pakistan [35] => Papua New Guinea [36] => Qatar [37] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [38] => Saint Lucia [39] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [40] => Saudi Arabia [41] => Sierra Leone [42] => Singapore [43] => Solomon Islands [44] => Somalia [45] => Sudan [46] => Syrian Arab Republic [47] => Tonga [48] => Trinidad and Tobago [49] => Uganda [50] => United Arab Emirates [51] => Yemen [52] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/65/779 ) [929] => Array ( [objectID] => 5527 [title] => Hindi : 17 भारतीयों की अपील पर यूएई करे निष्पक्ष जांच: एमनेस्टी [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hindi-17-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%88/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => युक्त अरब अमीरात में एक पाकिस्तानी नागरिक की हत्या के लिए मौत की सज़ा पाने वाले 17 भारतीयों के मामले में मानवाधिकार संस्था एमनेस्टी इंटरनेशन ने यूएई की कड़ी आलोचना की है. एमनेस्टी ने भारतीयों को कथित तौर पर 'प्रताड़ित किए जाने और ज़बरदस्ती उनसे अपराध मनवाने' के बारे में यूएई की आलोचना की है. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/mobile/india/2010/04/100424_uae_indians_as.shtml?page=all ) [930] => Array ( [objectID] => 5543 [title] => Portuguese : Homofobia do Estado: Uma pesquisa mundial sobre legislações que proíbem relações sexuais consensuais entre adultos do mesmo sexo [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-homofobia-do-estado-uma-pesquisa-mundial-sobre-legislacoes-que-proibem-relacoes-sexuais-consensuais-entre-adultos-do-mesmo-sexo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => O propósito deste relatório anual sobre a Homofobia do Estado, expresso desde sua primeira edição, em 2007, é revelar e denunciar os países que, no século 21, negam às pessoas LGBTI os direitos humanos mais fundamentais: o direito à vida e à liberdade, na esperança de que, a cada ano, mais e mais países abandonem a ―comunidade‖ dos países homofóbicos.Em comparação com o relatório do ano passado, em que relacionamos os 77 países que perseguiam as pessoas com base em sua orientação sexual, no presente relatório você encontrará ‗apenas‖ 76 países nesta mesma lista, incluindo os cinco ―infames‖,que condenam as pessoas à morte com base em sua orientação sexual: Irã, Mauritânia, Arábia Saudita, Sudão e Iêmen (e algumas regiões da Nigéria e da Somália). Um país a menos, se comparado ao relatório de 2009, pode parecer um avanço insignificante, até nos darmos conta de que ele compreende 1/6 da população humana. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abglt.org.br/docs/ILGA-Homofobia_do_Estado_2010.pdf ) [931] => Array ( [objectID] => 5556 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIÙ IMPORTANTI DEL 2009 (E DEI PRIMI SEI MESI DEL 2010) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2009-e-dei-primi-sei-mesi-del-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => LA SITUAZIONE AD OGGI : L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da oltre dieci anni, si è confermata nel 2009 e anche nei primi sei mesi del 2010. I Paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 154. Di questi, i Paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 96; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 8; quelli che attuano una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 6; i Paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni o che si sono impegnati internazionalmente ad abolire la pena di morte, sono 44. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=13310616 ) [932] => Array ( [objectID] => 6517 [title] => Myth #10 – The death penalty is not political [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-10-the-death-penalty-is-not-political/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: The death penalty is not political. FACT: The death penalty is often driven by politics rather than a desire to repair social problems and bring justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_Campaign_hidden_motives/ ) [933] => Array ( [objectID] => 6518 [title] => Myth #9 – The Bible supports the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-9-the-bible-supports-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: The Bible preaches retribution. Jesus supports the death penalty. FACT: People have been arguing for decades over interpretations of the Bible. The Church has officially declared its opposition to the death penalty. The concept of "mercy" is preached in the majority of religions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_campaign_religion/ ) [934] => Array ( [objectID] => 6519 [title] => Myth #8 – Executions help victims’ families to heal [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-8-executions-help-victims-families-to-heal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: Executions help victims’ families to heal. FACT: Whilst we cannot speak for all victims’ families, it is clear that not all families are healed after the execution. Rather, the death penalty creates more victims and more brutality. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_campaing_closure/ ) [935] => Array ( [objectID] => 6520 [title] => Myth #7 – Executions are humane [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-7-executions-are-humane/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: Executions are humane. The process is painless and orderly. FACT: There is no decent way to kill a prisoner. Hanging, stoning, beheading and electrocuting all constitute cruel, inhumane and degrading punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_campaign_cruel_punishment/ ) [936] => Array ( [objectID] => 6521 [title] => Myth #6 – The death penalty applies to everyone equally [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-6-the-death-penalty-applies-to-everyone-equally/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: The death penalty applies to everyone equally, regardless of race, wealth or background. FACT: People who are convicted of the same crime receive vastly different penalties, across the world and within the same country or even case. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_campaign_arbitrariness/ ) [937] => Array ( [objectID] => 6522 [title] => Myth #5 – Death penalty trials are a fair process [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-5-death-penalty-trials-are-a-fair-process/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: Death penalty trials are a fair process. Trials and appeals are closely scrutinised. The defendant's basic rights are protected. FACT: People are executed around the world every day because they did not have a fair trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_Campaign_Unfair_trials/ ) [938] => Array ( [objectID] => 6523 [title] => Myth #4 – Only evil people are executed [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-4-only-evil-people-are-executed/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: Only evil people are executed. People on death row are truly evil. FACT: There is a lot more to a human being than his worst action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_Campaign_Right_to_life_evil_people/ ) [939] => Array ( [objectID] => 6524 [title] => Myth #3 – The death penalty saves money [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-3-the-death-penalty-saves-money/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: The death penalty saves money. It costs less to kill people than to imprison them for life. FACT:The death penalty costs millions more than a sentence of life without parole. Taxpayers' money could be used more efficiently on crime prevention programs and police. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_07_DP_Campaign_Cost/ ) [940] => Array ( [objectID] => 6525 [title] => Myth #2 – The death penalty reduces crime [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-2-the-death-penalty-reduces-crime/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: The death penalty acts as a deterrent to potential criminals. FACT: The death penalty does not deter crime. It stimulates it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_17_DP_campaign_deterrence/ ) [941] => Array ( [objectID] => 6526 [title] => Myth #1 – Innocent people are not executed [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-1-innocent-people-are-not-executed/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MYTH: Only guilty prisoners are sent to their death. FACT: Professionals in the justice system know that innocent people have been executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/articles/2010_02_07_DP_Campaign_Innocence/ ) [942] => Array ( [objectID] => 6571 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 4 – April 2010 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-4-april-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate4-Apr2010-EN-1.pdf ) [943] => Array ( [objectID] => 6573 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 3 – February 2010 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-3-february-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate3-Feb2010-EN-1.pdf ) [944] => Array ( [objectID] => 6648 [title] => Death isn’t Justice [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-isnt-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster for tomorrow is an independent, non-profit international project whose goal is to encourage people, both in and outside the design community, to make posters to stimulate debate on issues that affect us all. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.posterfortomorrow.org/en/projects/death-is-not-justice ) [945] => Array ( [objectID] => 6711 [title] => Danthong Breen – Union for Liberty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/danthong-breen-union-for-liberty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Danthong Breen, from the NGO Union for Liberty, based in Thailande, explains why the death penalty is torture. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://vimeo.com/9716378 ) [946] => Array ( [objectID] => 6767 [title] => America’s Death Penalty: Between Past and Present [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/americas-death-penalty-between-past-and-present/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This volume represents an effort to restore the sense of capital punishment as a question caught up in history. Edited by leading scholars of crime and justice, these original essays pursue different strategies for unsettling the usual terms of the debate. In particular, the authors use comparative and historical investigations of both Europe and America in order to cast fresh light on familiar questions about the meaning of capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Americas-Death-Penalty-Between-Present/dp/0814732674/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1291815935&sr=1-1 ) [947] => Array ( [objectID] => 6775 [title] => Peculiar Institution: America’s Death Penalty in an Age of Abolition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/peculiar-institution-americas-death-penalty-in-an-age-of-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book offers a fresh perspective on why the death penalty endures in the United States when so many other countries in the Western world have already abolished it. The book seeks to understand the persistence of the death penalty in the U.S. as a social fact, using sociological, historical and legal analyses to explain the unique and peculiar manner in which the death penalty is applied. Garland concludes that the death penalty has survived in the United States because it is deeply connected to the fundamentally American institutions of local autonomy and popular democracy. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Peculiar-Institution-Americas-Penalty-Abolition/dp/0674057236/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1292937213&sr=1-1-fkmr0 ) [948] => Array ( [objectID] => 7003 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area – Background Paper 2010 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper updates The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2009.It is intended to provide a concise update to highlight changes in the status of thedeath penalty in OSCE participating States since the previous publication and topromote constructive discussion of this issue. It covers the period from 1 July 2009to 30 June 2010. ----- To find past OSCE papers please visit: http://www.osce.org/documents?keys=The+Death+Penalty+in+the+OSCE+Area+-+Background+Paper+ [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Albania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/odihr/71484 ) [949] => Array ( [objectID] => 7007 [title] => Report to the Committee on Defender Services Judicial Conference of the United States – Update on the Cost and Quality of Defense Representation in Federal Death Penalty Cases [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-to-the-committee-on-defender-services-judicial-conference-of-the-united-states-update-on-the-cost-and-quality-of-defense-representation-in-federal-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Part I of this report offers an introduction and overview of the research. Part II examines the way prosecution policies and practices have developed from 1989, the beginning of the modern federal death penalty era, through the end of 2009. Parts III, IV, and V of this report discuss the costs associated with defending a federal capital case. Section VI describes qualitative data obtained through interviews of federal judges who had presided over a federal death penalty case and experienced federal capital defense counsel on topics such as the quality of defense representation, case budgeting and case management practices, the role of experts, and the death penalty authorization process. Finally, in Sections VII and VIII, the Recommendations of the 1998 Spencer Report are reaffirmed, and the Commentary associated with those recommendations is updated to reflect the past 12 years of experience with federal capital litigation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/FederalDPCost2010.pdf ) [950] => Array ( [objectID] => 7040 [title] => Resolution 65/206 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-65-206-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/65/456/Add.2 (Part II))] 65/206. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/zh/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/65/206&referer=http://www.un.org/zh/ga/65/res/all3.shtml&Lang=E ) [951] => Array ( [objectID] => 7054 [title] => Moratoriums on the use of the death penalty. Report of the Secretary-General (2010) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moratoriums-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to General Assembly resolution 63/168. The report confirms the global trend towards abolition of the death penalty. It also recommends that Member States introduce a moratorium on the death penalty. Those States which still intend to implement the death penalty and are not willing to establish a moratorium should apply the death penalty only in the case of the most serious crimes. The protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty should be ensured, pursuant to the relevant international laws. Furthermore, in that regard, States have an obligation not to practise the death penalty in secrecy, nor to practice discrimination in its application. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/65/280&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [952] => Array ( [objectID] => 7079 [title] => Death In Decline ’09: Los Angeles Holds California Back as Nation Shifts to Permanent Imprisonment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-in-decline-09-los-angeles-holds-california-back-as-nation-shifts-to-permanent-imprisonment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The tide is turning in the United States from death sentences to permanent imprisonment. A growing number of states are choosing permanent imprisonment over the death penalty, fueled by growing concerns about the wrongful conviction of innocent people and the high costs of the death penalty in comparison to permanent imprisonment. In 2009, the number of new death sentences nationwide reached the lowest level since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976. California lags behind in this national trend. The Golden State sent more people to death row last year than in the seven preceding years. By the close of 2009, California’s death row was the largest and most costly in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclunc.org/docs/criminal_justice/death_penalty/death_in_decline_09.pdf ) [953] => Array ( [objectID] => 7080 [title] => SLAMMING THE COURTHOUSE DOORS – Denial of Access to Justice and Remedy in America [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/slamming-the-courthouse-doors-denial-of-access-to-justice-and-remedy-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => According to a new report by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) entitled, "Slamming the Courthouse Doors: Denial of Access to Justice and Remedy in America," many states severely restrict access to justice for capital defendants and limit the availability of remedies to correct errors. The problem of inadequate counsel continues to pervade death penalty systems across the country: “Few states provide adequate funds to compensate lawyers for their work or to investigate cases properly. In addition to inadequate funding, the majority of death-penalty states lack adequate competency standards. Many states require only minimal training and experience for attorneys handling death penalty cases, and in some cases capital defense attorneys fail to meet the minimum guidelines for capital defense set by the American Bar Association (ABA),” according to the ACLU. The report also states that the absence of a right to counsel in post-conviction appeals leaves capital defendants with few options to address serious errors during their trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/HRP_UPRsubmission_annex.pdf ) [954] => Array ( [objectID] => 7132 [title] => THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2009 (and the first six months of 2010) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-of-2009-and-the-first-six-months-of-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => THE SITUATION TODAY The worldwide trend towards abolition, underway for more than ten years, was again confirmed in 2009 and the first six months of 2010. There are currently 154 countries and territories that, to different extents, have decided to renounce the death penalty. Of these: 96 are totally abolitionist; 8 are abolitionist for ordinary crimes; 6 have a moratorium on executions in place and 44 are de facto abolitionist (i.e. countries that have not carried out any executions for at least 10 years or countries which have binding obligations not to use the death penalty). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=13310629 ) [955] => Array ( [objectID] => 7206 [title] => Vietnam: From “Vision” to Facts: Human Rights in Vietnam under its Chairmanship of ASEAN [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/vietnam-from-vision-to-facts-human-rights-in-vietnam-under-its-chairmanship-of-asean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The use of the death penalty is frequent in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. In 2009, the government reduced the number of offences punishable by death from 29 to 22. Capital punishment is applied for crimes including murder, armed robbery, drug trafficking, rape, sexual abuse of children, and a range of economic crimes. Execution is by firing squad. A draft law was introduced in November 2009 proposing the use of two methods of execution, either by firing squad or by lethal injection. Statistics on the number of death sentences and executions are not made public. Indeed, following criticisms by international human rights organisations, in January 2004, Vietnam adopted a decree classifying death penalty statistics as “state secrets”. According to the Vietnamese and international press, at least 100 people are executed each year in Vietnam. In 2007, 104 death sentences were pronounced, including 14 women. In 2010, the official legal magazine Phap Luat (Law) reported 11 death sentences for the month of January alone. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/bon.pdf ) [956] => Array ( [objectID] => 7207 [title] => The Death Penalty in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – Special edition for the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-socialist-republic-of-vietnam-special-edition-for-the-4th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The use of the death penalty is frequent in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV). Capital punishment is applied for 22 offences, including murder, armed robbery, drug trafficking, rape, sexual abuse of children, and a range of economic crimes, such as graft and corruption, fraud and embezzlement (for 500 million dong - $33,200 - or more of state property), illegal production and trade of food, foodstuffs and medicines. Seven political acts perceived as “threats against national security” carry the death penalty as a maximum sentence. Capital punishment is most often used to sanction drug-related offences, followed by corruption, black-market and violent crimes. Vietnam has some of the harshest drug laws in the world. A 1997 law made possession or smuggling of 100g or more of heroin, or 5 kilograms or more of opium, punishable by death. In 2001, 55 sentences were pronounced for drug trafficking alone. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/RAPPORT_VIETNAM_WEB_0408.pdf ) [957] => Array ( [objectID] => 7208 [title] => Iran/death penalty: A state terror policy – Special edition for the 4th World Congress against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iran-death-penalty-a-state-terror-policy-special-edition-for-the-4th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the various aspects of the topic including: domestic laws, international legal framework, execution of juvenile offenders, religious and ethnic minorities, and methods of execution. According to the report, there are over 20 main categories of offences, some of them with several sub-categories, in the IRI, which are punishable by the death penalty. The majority of those “offences” are certainly not among “the most serious crimes.” Some others should not be considered as “offences” at all. In conclusion, FIDH issued a wide set of recommendations to the IRI and the international community. Among others, it recommended the adoption of an immediate moratorium on executions in light of the serious shortcomings of the guarantees of due process and fair trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Report_Iran_2010_En-2.pdf ) [958] => Array ( [objectID] => 5501 [title] => Polish : Czym jest ODIHR? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/polish-czym-jest-odihr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Biuro Instytucji Demokratycznych i Praw Człowieka (ODIHR) jest jedną z głównych organizacji praw człowieka na świecie. ODIHR prowadzi aktywną działalność w Europie, na Kaukazie, w Azji Centralnej i Ameryce Północnej. Siedziba ODIHR mieści się w Warszawie. Biuro działa na rzecz wspierania idei demokratycznych wyborów, poszanowania praw człowieka, praworządności, tolerancji i przeciwdziałania dyskryminacji. ODIHR jest instytucją praw człowieka należącą do Organizacji Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie (OBWE). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/pl/odihr/elections/13702?download=true ) [959] => Array ( [objectID] => 5502 [title] => Greek : Τι είναι το ODIHR; [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/greek-%cf%84%ce%b9-%ce%b5%ce%af%ce%bd%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%84%ce%bf-odihr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Το Γραφείο Δημοκρατικών Θεσμών και Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων (ODIHR) του ΟΑΣΕ είναι ένα από τα βασικά περιφερειακά όργανα ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων στον κόσμο. Με έδρα την Βαρσοβία της Πολωνίας, το ODIHR δραστηριοποιείται σε όλη την Ευρώπη, τον Καύκασο, την Κεντρική Ασία και την Βόρεια Αμερική.Προάγει τις δημοκρατικές εκλογές, τον σεβασμό των ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων, την ανοχή και την εξάλειψη των διακρίσεων και το κράτος δικαίου. Το ODIHR είναι ο θεσμός για τα ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα του Οργανισμού για την Ασφάλεια και την Συνεργασία στην Ευρώπη (ΟΑΣΕ), ενός διακυβερνητικού φορέα που εργάζεται για την σταθερότητα, την ευημερία και την δημοκρατία στα 56 Κράτη που συμμετέχουν σε αυτόν. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.google.fr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCYQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmercury.ethz.ch%2Fserviceengine%2FFiles%2FISN%2F176206%2Fipublicationdocument_singledocument%2F7a2aa056-cd7c-46b5-a109-7df4428deb91%2Fel%2FGreek%2BFactsheet%2Bof%2Bthe%2BOSCE%2BOffice%2Bfor%2BDemocratic%2BInstitutions%2Band%2BHuman%2BRights.pdf&ei=cGWJVObaL4bmUsephJgK&usg=AFQjCNFDWjxd4tXFWUDDlpcSsYM_x-b5TA&sig2=fT5LIoWOMrGknlbrLKPQWA&bvm=bv.81456516,d.d24 ) [960] => Array ( [objectID] => 5503 [title] => German : Was ist das ODIHR? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-was-ist-das-odihr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Das OSZE- Demokratische Institutionen und Menschenrechte (ODIHR) ist weltweiteine der wichtigsten regionalen Menschrechts institutionen. Das ODIHR hat seinen Sitz in Warschau (Polen) und ist in Europa, im Kaukasus, in Zentralasien und in Nordamerika. Das Bro fordert demokratische Wahlen, Respekt Menschenrechte, Toleranz und Nicht diskriminierung, sowie Rechtstaatlichkeit. Das ODIHR ist die Menschenrechts institution der Organisation Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa (OSZE). Die OSZE ist eine zw ischenstaatliche Organisation, die Stabilitt, Prosperit und Demokratie in ihren 56 Teilnehm erstaaten arbeitet. Die OSZE um fasst eine Region, die sich von Vancouver im Westen bis Wladiwostok im Osten erstreckt, und ist damit weltweit die grûte regionale Sicherheits organisation. Menschenrechte und Demokratie sind Grundpfeiler des um fassenden Sicherheitskonzeptes der OSZE. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/de/odihr/elections/13702?download=true ) [961] => Array ( [objectID] => 5524 [title] => Italian : Guida pedagogica: Giornata Mondiale contro la Pena di Morte 2009 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-guida-pedagogica-giornata-mondiale-contro-la-pena-di-morte-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Guida pedagogica per Insegnanti e alunni dai 14 ai 18 anni: Pena di morte e diritto internazionale, Innocenza ed Errori giudiziari, Pena di morte e diritti umani (Tortura e discriminazione razziale), Le condizioni di detenzione, Il costo della pena di morte (caso particolare degli Stati Uniti). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP_EducationalGuide_IT-1.pdf ) [962] => Array ( [objectID] => 5526 [title] => German : Unschuldige und ihre Fälle in Kürze [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-unschuldige-und-ihre-falle-in-kurze/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Unschuldige und ihre Fälle in Kürze, mit fälschlichen Identifizierung sowie erzwungener Geständnisse. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/unschuldige.pdf ) [963] => Array ( [objectID] => 5555 [title] => Italian : SINTESI DEI FATTI PIÙ IMPORTANTI DEL 2008 (e dei primi sei mesi del 2009) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-sintesi-dei-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2008-e-dei-primi-sei-mesi-del-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da oltre dieci anni, si è confermata nel 2008 e anche nei primi sei mesi del 2009. I Paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 151. Di questi, i Paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 96; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 8; quelli che attuano una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 5; i Paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni o che si sono impegnati internazionalmente ad abolire la pena di morte, sono 42. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=12000550 ) [964] => Array ( [objectID] => 6575 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 2 – December 2009 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-2-december-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate2-Dec2009-EN-1.pdf ) [965] => Array ( [objectID] => 6577 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 1 – October 2009 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-1-october-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign. This update will be published every other month to give information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdateOct2009-1.pdf ) [966] => Array ( [objectID] => 6633 [title] => Unstacking the Deck – A Handbook for Capital Defense Attorneys on Challenging the State’s Case in Aggravation [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/unstacking-the-deck-a-handbook-for-capital-defense-attorneys-on-challenging-the-states-case-in-aggravation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => When the state decides to seek the death penalty against a criminal defendant, the cards are heavily stacked against him before the trial even starts. First, the defendant must face a jury that already assumes he is guilty simply because he has been charged with a crime. They will assume this all the more given that it is a capital case. Moreover, the jury selection process itself will produce a jury that is predisposed to vote both for guilt and for death.The purpose of this handbook is to provide some suggestions for ways to “unstack the deck” for capital defendants by challenging the state’s case in aggravation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyresource.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2013/09/Handbook.Aggravation.pdf ) [967] => Array ( [objectID] => 6716 [title] => Oleg Alkaev, former head of Belarus’s death row [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/oleg-alkaev-former-head-of-belaruss-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Colonel Oleg Alkaev, who was Director of remand prison (SIZO)6 No. 1 in Minsk and ordered a number of executions. He gave this testimony to Amnesty International, a member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x8ru9w_oleg-alkaev-former-head-of-belarus_news ) [968] => Array ( [objectID] => 7005 [title] => Capital Punishment, 2009 – Statistics Tables [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-2009-statistics-tables/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => At yearend 2009, 36 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons held 3,173 inmates under sentence of death, which was 37 fewer inmates than at yearend 2008. This represents the ninth consecutive year that the population has decreased. California, Florida, Texas, and Pennsylvania held half of all inmates on death row as of December 31, 2009. The Federal Bureau of Prisons held 55 inmates. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/cp09st.pdf ) [969] => Array ( [objectID] => 7036 [title] => Note verbale dated 10 February 2009 from the Permanent Missions to the United Nations of Afghanistan, the Bahamas, […] and Zimbabwe addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Permanent Missions to the United Nations in New York listed below present their compliments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and have the honour to refer to resolution 62/149, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Third Committee on 15 November 2007, and subsequently by the General Assembly on 18 December 2007 by a recorded vote. The Permanent Missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention to existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Bahamas [2] => Bahrain [3] => Bangladesh [4] => Barbados [5] => Botswana [6] => Brunei Darussalam [7] => Central African Republic [8] => Chad [9] => China [10] => Comoros [11] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [12] => Dominica [13] => Egypt [14] => Equatorial Guinea [15] => Eritrea [16] => Eswatini [17] => Ethiopia [18] => Fiji [19] => Gambia [20] => Grenada [21] => Guinea [22] => Guyana [23] => Indonesia [24] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [25] => Iraq [26] => Jamaica [27] => Japan [28] => Jordan [29] => Kuwait [30] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [31] => Libya [32] => Malaysia [33] => Maldives [34] => Mauritania [35] => Mongolia [36] => Myanmar [37] => Niger [38] => Nigeria [39] => Papua New Guinea [40] => Qatar [41] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [42] => Saint Lucia [43] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [44] => Saudi Arabia [45] => Singapore [46] => Solomon Islands [47] => Somalia [48] => Sudan [49] => Suriname [50] => Syrian Arab Republic [51] => Thailand [52] => Tonga [53] => Trinidad and Tobago [54] => Uganda [55] => United Arab Emirates [56] => Yemen [57] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/63/716 ) [970] => Array ( [objectID] => 7052 [title] => Question of the death penalty : Report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report contains information covering the period from June 2008 to July 2009, and draws attention to a number of phenomena, including the continuing trend towards abolition, the practice of engaging in a national debate on the death penalty, and the ongoing difficulties in gaining access to reliable information on executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/12/45&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [971] => Array ( [objectID] => 7172 [title] => Ending Executions in Europe – Towards Abolition of the Death Penalty in Belarus [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ending-executions-in-europe-towards-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-belarus/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Belarus is the last country in Europe and in the former Soviet Union that is still carrying out executions. Since gaining its independence from the USSR in 1991 Belarus has taken some significant steps towards ending the use of the death penalty. The information in this report has been gathered over more than two decades of work monitoring the practice of the death penalty in Belarus. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR49/001/2009/en/d3b9c42d-a356-4dee-ad16-5b05842ba01a/eur490012009en.pdf ) [972] => Array ( [objectID] => 7204 [title] => ایران: مجازات اعدام – سیاست دولتی ایجاد وحشت [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => در دوراني که حرکت به سوي لغو مجازات اعدام در سراسر جهان رو به گسترش است، تمايز جمهوري اسلامي ايران در تعداد زياد اعدام هايي است که در شرايطي آشکارا ناقض�? موازين بين المللي حقوق بشر انجام مي پذيرد. محاکمه های ناعادلانه، اعدام نوجوانان، هد�? گیری اقلیت های قومی و مذهبی... مجازات اعدام در نقض آشکار تعهدات ایران بر اساس قانون بین المللی حقوق بشر انجام می پذیرد. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Death_Penalty_report-full062009.pdf ) [973] => Array ( [objectID] => 5528 [title] => Korean : 사형제도 극단적 형벌 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/korean-%ec%82%ac%ed%98%95%ec%a0%9c%eb%8f%84-%ea%b7%b9%eb%8b%a8%ec%a0%81-%ed%98%95%eb%b2%8c/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 과연 사형제도가 범죄를 억제할까?; 정치적 도구로 사용되는 사형; 비밀리에 이뤄지는 사형집행; 생명을 생명으로 갚아라?; 인도적인’ 살인 - 과연 ‘인도적인’ 사형집행 방식이 존재하는가?; 국제사회는 사형에 반대한다 - 전세계적인 사형제도 폐지를 향해; 국가에 의해 살해당한 사람들 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/015/2008/en/543f4d7f-16f0-418f-880c-f30c6d57dc57/act500152008kor.pdf ) [974] => Array ( [objectID] => 5533 [title] => Portuguese : UM BREVE DISCURSO SEDICIOSO ACERCA DA PENA DE MORTE [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-um-breve-discurso-sedicioso-acerca-da-pena-de-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Em decorrência de certos crimes de grande repercussão que abalam a sociedade e da impotência do Estado frente à criminalidade, ressuscitam vozes e projetos solicitando a aplicação da pena de morte entre nós. O tema é de abordagem complexa, polêmica e controversa.Os partidários da supressão do homem sustentam que a presença da pena de morte na legislação teria por escopo de definitivamente banir ou diminuir o crescente índice de criminalidade em nosso país, além de desestimular homicídios, latrocínios, crimes sexuais violentos, seqüestros etc.Mas será que a pena de morte, como têm sido defendido por alguns setores da sociedade, seria a solução para os problemas de violência e da criminalidade, que estão sendo vivenciadas pela população brasileira? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brazil ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://infodireito.blogspot.com/2008/08/artigo-um-breve-discurso-sedicioso.html ) [975] => Array ( [objectID] => 5554 [title] => Italian : SINTESI DEI FATTI PIÙ IMPORTANTI DEL 2007 (e dei primi sei mesi del 2008) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-sintesi-dei-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2007-e-dei-primi-sei-mesi-del-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La Moratoria Onu delle esecuzioni : Il 18 dicembre 2007, la 62ª Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite ha approvato con 104 voti a favore, 54 contrari e 29 astensioni una Risoluzione che chiede agli Stati membri di “stabilire una moratoria delle esecuzioni, in vista dell’abolizione della pena di morte.” [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=10314561 ) [976] => Array ( [objectID] => 5954 [title] => China’s death penalty: reforms on capital punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chinas-death-penalty-reforms-on-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper covers the death penalty situation in China, which is, according to the author, unlikely to abolish the death penalty in the near future. China topped the world in the imposition of the death penalty in 2008, while wrongful convictions and erroneous executions have been found, despite China's official policy to prevent excessive executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/publications/files/BB412.pdf ) [977] => Array ( [objectID] => 6153 [title] => The Death Penalty: America’s Experience with Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-americas-experience-with-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book addresses one of the most controversial issues in the criminal justice system today—the death penalty. Paternoster et al. present a balanced perspective that focuses on both the arguments for and against capital punishment. Coverage draws on legal, historical, philosophical, economic, sociological, and religious points of view. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780195332421.do ) [978] => Array ( [objectID] => 6687 [title] => Ross, Colin Campbell Eadie (1892 – 1922) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ross-colin-campbell-eadie-1892-1922/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The raped, strangled and naked body of 12-year-old Alma Tirtschke was found in a right-of-way off nearby Gun Alley. The press, notably the Herald under (Sir) Keith Murdoch, fanned public outrage, pressured police for an arrest and matched the government's initial reward, which was quickly raised from £250 to £1000. Ross, one of many people routinely interviewed, was arrested and remanded. The police, relying on the information of dubious characters, including the fortune-teller 'Madame Ghurka', claimed that Ross had confessed to violating and choking the girl. The Herald prejudiced his trial by publishing his photograph and printing the names and addresses of the jury. George Maxwell, appearing for Ross with T. C. Brennan, described the Crown witnesses as 'disreputables', mercenaries whose evidence was contradictory and untrustworthy. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/AS10417b.htm ) [979] => Array ( [objectID] => 6740 [title] => Leaflet Asia 2008: it’s time to end executions [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-asia-2008-its-time-to-end-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This leaflet gives you information about the World Coalition's demands in Asia. It aslo provides a summary of the situation of the death penalty in Asia. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/BrochureJM2008en-1.pdf ) [980] => Array ( [objectID] => 6910 [title] => South Korea’s changing capital punishment policy: The road from de facto to formal abolition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/south-koreas-changing-capital-punishment-policy-the-road-from-de-facto-to-formal-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The most recent executions in South Korea took place in December 1997, when 23 people were executed at short notice on the same day. Similarly, nineteen executions occurred in 1995 and 15 in 1994, in each instance occurring all on the same day. These group executions seem to reflect cultural factors that monthly statistics alone do not capture. No executions have occurred since 1998, but this de facto suspension has not been reinforced by law. Since 1999, lawmakers have thrice endorsed a bill favoring life imprisonment without parole in place of the death penalty, but each time the proposal has stalled and failed to move forward. The need remains to develop a culturally appropriate pro-abolition argument that could persuade the Korean public that the death penalty is unworkable and wrong. On 21 January 2007, in the Inhyeokdang case, the Korean Court acquitted 8 persons who had been executed 32 years earlier. The hope is that, in light of strong arguments based on the risk to innocent persons and the irreversibility of capital punishment, Korea will effectively transition from de facto to formal abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/10/2/171.abstract ) [981] => Array ( [objectID] => 6964 [title] => From seventy-eight to zero: Why executions declined after Taiwan’s democratization [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/from-seventy-eight-to-zero-why-executions-declined-after-taiwans-democratization/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article examines, from a legal perspective, why executions in Taiwan declined from 78 in 1990 to zero in 2006. The inquiry focuses on three considerations: the number of laws that authorized employment of the death penalty; the code of criminal procedure; and the manner in which executions were carried out, including the manner in which amnesty was granted. The article argues that the ratification of international covenants and constitutional interpretations did not play a significant role in the decline, and that several factors that did play a role included the annulment or amendment of laws, changes in criminal procedure, establishment of and further amendments to guidelines for execution and two laws for reducing sentences. This article maintains that the absence of executions in 2006 is a unique situation that will not last because some inmates remain on death row, meaning that executions in Taiwan will continue unless the death penalty is abolished. However, the article concludes that the guarantee of the utmost human right, the right to life, can be sustained in Taiwan through the demands of democratic majority rule. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/10/2/153.abstract ) [982] => Array ( [objectID] => 6994 [title] => Not “Waiving” But Drowning: The Anatomy of Death Row Syndrome and Volunteering for Execution [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/not-waiving-but-drowning-the-anatomy-of-death-row-syndrome-and-volunteering-for-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Within the international community, other countries have recognized the potential for harm caused by our current system, and as a result have refused to extradite back to the United States individuals who might face the death penalty. These countries cite not only the possibility of execution as reason for refusal, but the waiting process which attends that death as a separate, independent violation of human rights. If we remain unpersuaded by the international community, the behavioral trends of those individuals awaiting execution are telling as well. Within one week in 2008, two individuals awaiting death in Texas committed suicide, reflecting the heightened suicide rates on death row, estimated at ten times greater than those in society at large and several times greater than those in a general prison population. In addition, the widely-recognized practice of “volunteering” for execution permits condemned inmates to waive their state and federally mandated rights to appeal in order to speed up the execution process, in essence “volunteering” to be executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/pilj/vol17no2/documents/17-2SmithArticle.pdf ) [983] => Array ( [objectID] => 7037 [title] => Note verbale dated 11 January 2008 from the Permanent Missions to the United Nations of Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, […] and Zimbabwe addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Permanent Missions to the United Nations in New York listed below present their compliments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and have the honour to refer to resolution 62/149, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Third Committee on 15 November 2007, and subsequently by the General Assembly on 18 December 2007 by a recorded vote. The Permanent Missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attempt to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention to existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Antigua and Barbuda [2] => Bahamas [3] => Bahrain [4] => Bangladesh [5] => Barbados [6] => Botswana [7] => Brunei Darussalam [8] => Central African Republic [9] => China [10] => Comoros [11] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [12] => Dominica [13] => Egypt [14] => Equatorial Guinea [15] => Eritrea [16] => Eswatini [17] => Ethiopia [18] => Fiji [19] => Grenada [20] => Guinea [21] => Guyana [22] => Indonesia [23] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [24] => Iraq [25] => Jamaica [26] => Japan [27] => Jordan [28] => Kuwait [29] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [30] => Libya [31] => Malaysia [32] => Maldives [33] => Mauritania [34] => Mongolia [35] => Myanmar [36] => Nigeria [37] => Oman [38] => Pakistan [39] => Papua New Guinea [40] => Qatar [41] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [42] => Saint Lucia [43] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [44] => Saudi Arabia [45] => Singapore [46] => Solomon Islands [47] => Somalia [48] => Sudan [49] => Suriname [50] => Syrian Arab Republic [51] => Thailand [52] => Tonga [53] => Trinidad and Tobago [54] => Uganda [55] => United Arab Emirates [56] => Yemen [57] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/62/658 ) [984] => Array ( [objectID] => 7038 [title] => Resolution 62/149 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-62-149-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/62/439/Add.2)] 62/149. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [texte] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/62/439/Add.2)] 62/149. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/62/149 ) [985] => Array ( [objectID] => 7039 [title] => Resolution 63/168 – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-63-168-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/63/430/Add.2)] 63/168. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [texte] => Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/63/430/Add.2)] 63/168. Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/63/168 ) [986] => Array ( [objectID] => 7051 [title] => Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. Report of the Secretary-General (2008) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report surveys respect for the rights of those sentenced to death as set out in the international human rights treaties and the guidelines established by the Economic and Social Council in 1984. Drawing on contributions of Member States, the report surveys various motivations for establishing a moratorium on or abolishing the death penalty, as well as those for retaining the death penalty. It also includes up-to-date statistical information on the worldwide use of the death penalty, including moratoriums established in States that have not abolished this form of punishment, together with relevant developments since the sixty-second session of the General Assembly. The report concludes by confirming the global trend towards abolition of the death penalty, the important role played by moratoriums in those States that seek to abolish it and possibilities for further work on the issue. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/63/293&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [987] => Array ( [objectID] => 7144 [title] => India: Lethal Lottery: The Death Penalty in India – A study of Supreme Court judgments in death penalty cases 1950-2006 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/india-lethal-lottery-the-death-penalty-in-india-a-study-of-supreme-court-judgments-in-death-penalty-cases-1950-2006/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report shows that contrary to the majority Bench's views and intentions in Bachan Singh, errors and arbitrariness have not been checked by the safeguards in place, and no small role in this has been played by the judges themselveswho have rarely adhered to the requirements laid down in Bachan Singh, making it clear that it is commonly the judge's subjective discretion that eventually decides the fate of the accused-appellant. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA20/007/2008/en/16f59d0b-15fc-11dd-8586-f5a00c540031/asa200072008eng.pdf ) [988] => Array ( [objectID] => 7203 [title] => The Death Penalty in Japan: The Law of Silence – Going Against the International Trend [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-japan-the-law-of-silence-going-against-the-international-trend/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report is the outcome of a fact-finding mission conducted by FIDH in July 2008, in order to assess the measures taken by the Japanese government to implement the recommendations made by a previous investigation, conducted in 2003.The conclusions of the report are appalling. According to Florence Bellivier, General Secretary of FIDH “Japan continues to condemn criminals to death, and incarcerate them up for decades, in prisons where secrecy and isolation are commonplace, in total disregard of the world opinion”. In addition, the rhythm of the executions has accelerated over the recent years. “2008 has been a record year, with more executions this year than in any other of the last fifteen years. We are witnessing a real step backwards” added Dan Van Raemdonck, Vice-President of FIDH. Thirteen persons have been executed since the beginning of the year, and 102 are currently on death row. There has not been a single retrial of a death penalty case since 1986, and no convicted prisoner has been pardoned since 1975. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/japon505a2008.pdf ) [989] => Array ( [objectID] => 5521 [title] => Viêt Namese : Những biến chuyển về mặt Pháp Lý về sự riêng tư trên Internet và quyền tự do ngôn luận ảnh hưởng đến công việc và sự an toàn của những nhà Đấu Tranh Nhân Quyền toàn cầu. [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/viet-namese-nhung-bien-chuyen-ve-mat-phap-ly-ve-su-rieng-tu-tren-internet-va-quyen-tu-do-ngon-luan-anh-huong-den-cong-viec-va-su-an-toan-cua-nhung-nha-dau-tranh-nhan-quyen-toan-cau/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Khi emails của chúng ta không đến được người nhận hay khi chúng ta không thể lên được mạng? Chúng ta phản ứng như thế nào về chuyện virus phá hoại các máy vi tính trên thế giới, hay một email tưởng như đến từ một người bạn, yêu cầu mở một hồ sơ đính kèm? Những quyết định thiếu thông tin sẽ dẫn đến sự chọn lựa không hay, và s ựlệ thuộc mù quáng vào khoa học kỹ thuật thường dẫn đến những lỗi lầm đắt giá. Tài liệu này không nhắm tới những thiên tài điện toán. Mục đích của nó là huấn luyện những người sử dụng máy vi tính một cách bình thường và cung cấp họ những giải pháp cho những vấn đề về bảo mật và an toàn trong môi trường điện toán hiện nay. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.frontlinedefenders.org/files/esecman.vi_.pdf ) [990] => Array ( [objectID] => 5532 [title] => Portuguese : PENA DE MORTE: SOLUÇÃO DA VIOLÊNCIA OU VIOLAÇÃO DO DIREITO À VIDA? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-pena-de-morte-solucao-da-violencia-ou-violacao-do-direito-a-vida/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Visa o presente artigo a destacar a preocupação do homem com a criminalidade, procurando encontrar meios que possam minimizá-la. Objetiva tornar o assunto objeto de discussão. O tema, dividido em subtemas, procura, no contexto da História, demonstrar como foi tratado esse assunto, verificando a constatação do problema, tomando como medida a paz social. Trata, também, dos aspectos constitucionais sobre o direito à vida, e da sua importância para o ser humano. Detém-se este trabalho à inconstitucionalidade da pena de morte em nosso país, através de uma análise da doutrina a mais científica possível, capaz de conduzir à conscientização inalienada sobre o tema em pauta. Este texto jurídico demonstra que a pena capital não é a solução para a violência, mas uma forma de violar o nosso maior direito, a vida. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brazil ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.esmarn.tjrn.jus.br/revistas/index.php/revista_direito_e_liberdade/article/view/83 ) [991] => Array ( [objectID] => 5535 [title] => Italian : La condanna a morte di Saddam Hussein. Riflessioni sul divieto di pena capitale e sulla “necessaria sproporzione” della pena nelle gross violations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-la-condanna-a-morte-di-saddam-hussein-riflessioni-sul-divieto-di-pena-capitale-e-sulla-necessaria-sproporzione-della-pena-nelle-gross-violations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => L’articolo prende in considerazione la condanna a morte di Saddam Hussein e sottolinea come il principio di compensazione che sta alla base di numerosi ragionamenti a favore della pena di morte sia del tutto inapplicabile nel caso di violazioni dei diritti umani quali quelle compiute dal dittatore iracheno. Partendo da questa constatazione l’autore passa poi a descrivere come il valore di una persona non sia legato solamente alle proprie gesta e conclude che la pena di morte vada rifiutata proprio a causa dell’impossibilità di misurare la distanza tra il valore della vita di una persona e le sue azioni. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Riviste.asp?IDArticolo=30489 ) [992] => Array ( [objectID] => 5542 [title] => Indonesian : Praktek Hukuman Mati Di Indonesia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-praktek-hukuman-mati-di-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Paper ini merupakan catatan monitoring KontraS terhadap praktek hukuman mati di Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara di dunia yang masih menerapkan hukuman mati dalam aturan pidananya. Padahal, hingga Juni 2006, lebih dari setengah negara-negara di dunia telah menghapuskan praktek hukuman mati baik secara de jure atau de facto. Di tengah kecenderungan global akan moratorium hukuman mati, praktek ini justru makin lazim diterapkan di Indonesia. Paling tidak selama empat tahun berturut-turut telah dilaksanakan eksekusi mati terhadap para orang narapidana. Pro-kontra penerapan hukuman mati ini semakin menguat, karena tampak tak sejalan dengan komitmen Indonesia untuk tunduk pada kesepakatan internasional yang tertuang dalam Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak Sipil dan Politik serta Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://kontras.org/hmati/data/Working%20Paper_Hukuman_Mati_di_Indonesia.pdf ) [993] => Array ( [objectID] => 5553 [title] => Italian : SINTESI DEI FATTI PIU’ IMPORTANTI DEL 2006 (e dei primi sette mesi del 2007) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-sintesi-dei-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2006-e-dei-primi-sette-mesi-del-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da oltre dieci anni, si è confermata anche nel 2006 e nei primi sette mesi del 2007. I paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 146. Di questi, i paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 93; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 9; 1 paese, la Russia, in quanto membro del Consiglio d’Europa è impegnato ad abolirla e, nel frattempo, attua una moratoria delle esecuzioni; quelli che hanno introdotto una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 4; i paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono cioè sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni, sono 39. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=9324654 ) [994] => Array ( [objectID] => 6347 [title] => Film: “The Execution of Wanda Jean” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/film-the-execution-of-wanda-jean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In THE EXECUTION OF WANDA JEAN, award-winning filmmaker Liz Garbus continues her investigations into the American criminal justice system with the compelling story of convicted murderess Wanda Jean Allen [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/The-Execution-Wanda-Jean-Allen/dp/B000BB154I ) [995] => Array ( [objectID] => 6681 [title] => Where is the justice for me?’ The case of Troy Davis, facing execution in Georgia [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/where-is-the-justice-for-me-the-case-of-troy-davis-facing-execution-in-georgia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Troy Anthony Davis has been on death row in Georgia for more than 15 years for the murder of a police officer he maintains he did not commit. Given that all but three of the witnesses who testified against Troy Davis at his trial have since recanted or contradicted their testimony amidst allegations that some of it had been made under police duress, there are serious and as yet unanswered questions surrounding the reliability of his conviction and the state’s conduct in obtaining it. As the case currently stands, the government’s pursuit of the death penalty contravenes international safeguards which prohibit the execution of anyone whose guilt is not based on “clear and convincing evidence leaving no room for an alternative explanation of the facts”. Amnesty International does not know if Troy Davis is guilty or innocent of the crime for which he is facing execution. As an abolitionist organization, it opposes his death sentence either way. It nevertheless believes that this is one in a long line of cases in the USA that should give even ardent supporters of the death penalty pause for thought. For it provides further evidence of the danger, inherent in the death penalty, of irrevocable error. As the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court wrote in 1993, “It is an unalterable fact that our judicial system, like the human beings who administer it, is fallible. Or as a US federal judge said in 2006, “The assessment of the death penalty, however well designed the system for doing so, remains a human endeavour with a consequent risk of error that may not be remediable.” [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/research/reports/usa-%E2%80%98where-is-the-justice-for-me-the-case-of-troy-davis-facing-execution-in-georgia ) [996] => Array ( [objectID] => 7071 [title] => State Secrets: China’s Legal Labyrinth [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/state-secrets-chinas-legal-labyrinth/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report describes and examines the PRC state secrets system and shows how itallows and even promotes human rights violations by undermining the rights tofreedom of expression and information. The PRC state secrets system, implementedthrough a CPC-controlled hierarchy of government bodies, is comprised of statesecrets laws and regulations that work in tandem with the PRC’s state security,criminal procedure and criminal laws, to create a complex, opaque system that controlsthe classification of—and criminalizes the disclosure or possession of—statesecrets. By guarding too much information and sweeping a vast universe of informationinto the state secrets net, the complex and opaque state secrets system perpetuatesa culture of secrecy that is not only harmful but deadly to Chinese society [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/State-Secrets-Report/HRIC_StateSecrets-Report.pdf ) [997] => Array ( [objectID] => 7098 [title] => A Crisis of Confidence: Americans’ Doubts About the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-crisis-of-confidence-americans-doubts-about-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => According to a national public opinion poll conducted in 2007, the public is losing confidence in the death penalty. People are deeply concerned about the risk of executing the innocent, about the fairness of the process, and about the inability of capital punishment to accomplish its basic purposes. Most Americans believe that innocent people have already been executed, that the death penalty is not a deterrent to crime, and that a moratorium should be placed on all executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/CoC.pdf ) [998] => Array ( [objectID] => 7168 [title] => The Death Penalty Worldwide – Developments in 2006 (With amendments) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-worldwide-developments-in-2006-with-amendments/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The world continued to move closer to the universal abolition of capital punishment during 2006. By the end of the year 88 countries had abolished the death penalty for all crimes. The death penalty has now been abolished in law or practice by 128 countries. Other subjects covered in this document include significant judicial decisions; the use of the death penalty against child offenders; resumptions of executions; and campaigning activities to promote abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/005/2007/en/30ea2f85-d3b8-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/act500052007en.pdf ) [999] => Array ( [objectID] => 7184 [title] => USA: Breaking a lethal habit – A look back at the death penalty in 2007 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/usa-breaking-a-lethal-habit-a-look-back-at-the-death-penalty-in-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document looks back at the death penalty in 2007 beginning with the New Jersey Death Penalty Study Commission releasing its final report recommending abolition and concluding with the UN General Assembly passing a landmark resolution calling for a global moratorium. It includes death by electrocution; abolition; execution, commutation and stay of execution; mental illness; child rape as well as geographical and colour bias. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/197/2007/en/96bc53c0-afb8-11dc-b001-5f9481a8353e/amr511972007eng.pdf ) [1000] => Array ( [objectID] => 7209 [title] => The Death Penalty in Botswana: Hasty and Secretive Hangings – International Fact Finding Mission [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-botswana-hasty-and-secretive-hangings-international-fact-finding-mission/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report determined that the death penalty remains a sensitive and secretive issue in Botswana. The authorities are reluctant to encourage public debate about the death penalty and its possible abolition. There is a total lack of transparency in the actual execution process of the death sentence. The hasty way in which most recent hangings have been carried out, further cast doubt upon the willingness of the Government of Botswana to seriously address this issue. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Botswana ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Botswana473angconjointpdmjuin2007.pdf ) [1001] => Array ( [objectID] => 5507 [title] => Bulgarian : Как гласът ни да бъде чут в ЕС:Наръчник за НПО [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bulgarian-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%ba-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%8a%d1%82-%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d0%b1%d1%8a%d0%b4%d0%b5-%d1%87%d1%83%d1%82-%d0%b2-%d0%b5%d1%81%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%8a%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b8/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Това обучение наръчник е специално проектиран за тези "новодошъл", неправителствени организации и активисти, които са в процес на създаване на Европейска стратегия. Това се постига, чрез предоставяне на "пригодени направени информация за институциите на ЕС, начин на работа на европейски НПО, както и лобиране" съвети ", илюстрирани с примери на ниво кампании на ЕС. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/ONGGuide_BU.pdf ) [1002] => Array ( [objectID] => 5508 [title] => Romanian : Cum s v face i vocea auzit în cadrul Uniunii Europene: Îndreptar pentru Organiza iile Non-Guvernamentale [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/romanian-cum-s-v-face-i-vocea-auzit-in-cadrul-uniunii-europene-indreptar-pentru-organiza-iile-non-guvernamentale/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Acest îndreptar a fost creat în mod special pentru acele ONG-uri care abia i-au început activitatea i pentru membrii acestora, implica i în procesul de formulare a unei strategii europene. Pentru a- i atinge scopul, aceast publica ie ofer informa ii despre UE adaptate pe m sura fiec rei organiza ii, precum i sfaturi legate de activitatea de „lobbying”, ilustrate prin prezentara unor cazuri de campanii la nivelul UE. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/NGOGuide_RO.pdf ) [1003] => Array ( [objectID] => 5509 [title] => Estonian : Enda kuuldavaks tegemine Euroopa Liidus: juhend vabaühendustele [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/estonian-enda-kuuldavaks-tegemine-euroopa-liidus-juhend-vabauhendustele/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Käesolev koolituskäsiraamat on välja töötatud eelkõige nende vabaühenduste ja aktivistide jaoks, kes endale parajasti Euroopa strateegiat loovad. Käsiraamat pakub kohandatud teavet ELi institutsioonide ja Euroopa vabaühenduste tegevuse kohta, samuti näpunäiteid lobitööks, mida illustreerivad näited ELi kampaaniatest. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/ONGguide_Estonian.pdf ) [1004] => Array ( [objectID] => 5510 [title] => Italian : Far sentire la propria voce nell’UE Guida per le ONG [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-far-sentire-la-propria-voce-nellue-guida-per-le-ong/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Questo manuale è stato pensato per le ONG e gli attivisti "nuovi arrivati" che stanno creando una strategia europea e contiene informazioni mirate sulle istituzioni comunitarie e sul funzionamento delle ONG europee, nonché suggerimenti per svolgere attività di lobby, illustrati da esempi di campagne condotte a livello europeo. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/OngGuide_IT.pdf ) [1005] => Array ( [objectID] => 5511 [title] => German : Einfluss nehmen in der EU: Ein Handbuch für NROs [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-einfluss-nehmen-in-der-eu-ein-handbuch-fur-nros/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Dieses Handbuch richtet sich speziell an die „Neulinge“ unter den NROs und Aktivisten, die dabei sind, eine europäische Strategie zu entwickeln. Es enthält daher auf die Realität dieser NROs und Aktivisten abgestimmte Informationen über EU-Institutionen, die Funktionsweise europäischer NROs und „Lobby-Tipps“, die mit einigen Beispielen von Kampagnen auf EU-Ebene illustriert werden. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/NGOGuide_DE.pdf ) [1006] => Array ( [objectID] => 5512 [title] => Hungarian : Hallassuk hangunkat az EU-ban: útmutató civil szervezeteknek [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hungarian-hallassuk-hangunkat-az-eu-ban-utmutato-civil-szervezeteknek/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ez a kézikönyv kifejezetten azoknak az „újonc” civil szervezeteknek és aktivistáknak készült, akiknél most van folyamatban az uniós stratégia kidolgozása. Ennek megfelelően helyzetre szabott információt nyújt az uniós intézményekről és az európai civil szervezetek tevékenységéről, valamint uniós szintű kampányok példáival illusztrált lobbizási „tippeket” ad. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/NGOGuide_HU.pdf ) [1007] => Array ( [objectID] => 5513 [title] => Latvian : Tava balss Eiropas Savieniba: Rokasgramata NVO [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/latvian-tava-balss-eiropas-savieniba-rokasgramata-nvo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Rokasgrāmata ir veidota atbilstoši jauno “ienācēju” vajadzībām – NVO un iedzīvotāji, kas ir uzsākuši ES lobēšanas stratēģijas izstrādi. Rokasgrāmatā ir apkopota informācija par ES institūcijām, Eiropas NVO darbības metodēm, kā arī padomi lobēšanas mākslā, atspoguļojot praktiskos piemērus. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/Handbook_LV.pdf ) [1008] => Array ( [objectID] => 5514 [title] => Portuguese : Faça ouvir A sua voz na União Europeia! [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-faca-ouvir-a-sua-voz-na-uniao-europeia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facultando informações talhadas à medida sobre as instituições comunitárias ou sobre o modo de funcionamento das ONG europeias, fornecendo igualmente conselhos sobre a actividade de lobbying, este manual de formação, ilustrado com exemplos de campanhas realizadas ao nível europeu, foi elaborado com a intenção de servir as ONG e as(os) activistas que começaram agora a preocupar-se com a definição e a afirmação da sua própria estratégia europeia. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/OngGuidePT%5B1%5D.pdf ) [1009] => Array ( [objectID] => 5515 [title] => Slovene : Naj se slisi vas glas v EU: Prirocnik za nevladne organizacije [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/slovene-naj-se-slisi-vas-glas-v-eu-prirocnik-za-nevladne-organizacije/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Priročnik za usposabljanje je posebej oblikovan za tiste novodošle nevladne organizacije in aktiviste, ki so v procesu uvajanja evropske strategije. Podaja ustrezno prikrojene informacije o institucijah EU, o načinu delovanja evropskih nevladnih organizacij, nudi pa tudi “nasvete” o lobiranju, ki so podkrepljeni s primeri kampanj na ravni EU. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/NGOGuide_SLO.pdf ) [1010] => Array ( [objectID] => 5520 [title] => Portuguese : Tribunal Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-tribunal-africano-dos-direitos-humanos-e-dos-povos/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => O Tribunal Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos foi estabelecido pelo Protocolo à Carta Africana dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos relativamente ao Estabelecimento do Tribunal Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos. A missão do Tribunal consiste em complementar e reforçar as funções da Comissão promovendo e protegendo os direitos, as liberdades e as obrigações do homem e dos povos nos Estados membros da União Africana. O Tribunal é composto por onze (11) juízes cidadãos dos Estados membros da União Africana e eleitos em função de suas capacidades individuais. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.african-court.org/pt/index.php/about-the-court/jurisdiction-2 ) [1011] => Array ( [objectID] => 5544 [title] => Japanese : 「人権と死刑を考える国際リーダーシップ会議」 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e3%80%8c%e4%ba%ba%e6%a8%a9%e3%81%a8%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e3%82%92%e8%80%83%e3%81%88%e3%82%8b%e5%9b%bd%e9%9a%9b%e3%83%aa%e3%83%bc%e3%83%80%e3%83%bc%e3%82%b7%e3%83%83%e3%83%97%e4%bc%9a%e8%ad%b0/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 欧州連合（ＥＵ）の行政機関として、死刑廃止政策を積極的に推進するＥＣからは、駐日ＥＣ代表部のライテラー公使が、裁判員制度を目前に控えるなか、死刑の存廃・目的・機能、適用方法、犯罪被害者遺族のみならず被執行者遺族の問題を議論することが必要と指摘し、「世論調査による８０％の死刑支持率は、死刑継続の正当化ではなく、さらなる議論を要することを示すもの」と語った。またＡＢＡからは、多忙なスケジュールの合間をぬって来日したマイケル・グレコ会長が発言した。ＡＢＡは、死刑存廃に関する態度は留保したまま、死刑制度に関するさまざまな問題点を指摘し、９７年２月に死刑執行停止を求める決議を採択し、死刑制度の運用や死刑事件弁護等に関するガイドラインを制定するほか、さまざまなプログラムを全米さらには海外で展開している。グレコ会長は、「命が奪われる前には、公正な裁判が行われなければならない」として、法律家の責任を強く訴えた [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.euinjapan.jp/media/news/news2005/20051109/110000/ ) [1012] => Array ( [objectID] => 5545 [title] => Japanese : 21世紀日本に死刑は必要か？死刑執行停止法の制定を求めて [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-21%e4%b8%96%e7%b4%80-%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e3%81%ab%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e3%81%af%e5%bf%85%e8%a6%81%e3%81%8b%ef%bc%9f%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e5%9f%b7%e8%a1%8c%e5%81%9c%e6%ad%a2%e6%b3%95%e3%81%ae/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 賛否が分かれる死刑制度2006年9月現在、死刑制度を維持している国は、世界で68か国です。死刑制度に賛成の立場からは、人の生命を奪った者が自らの生命を奪われるのは当然である、という応報的な考え方や、愛する者を奪われた被害者遺族の感情を考えれば死刑は必要である、死刑の威嚇によって犯罪を抑止することができる、などが死刑制度を維持すべき理由として挙げられています。一方、死刑を廃止している国は129か国。死刑制度に反対の立場からは、人権保障の観点から、たとえ国家であっても生命という究極の価値を奪うことは許されない、死刑は残虐で非人道的な刑罰である、とする考えや、誤判による死刑のおそれがあること、死刑に犯罪抑止の効果は実証されていないこと、などが挙げられています。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/ja/publication/booklet/data/shikei_pamphlet.pdf ) [1013] => Array ( [objectID] => 5552 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIù IMPORTANTI DEL 2005 (e dei primi sei mesi del 2006) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2005-e-dei-primi-sei-mesi-del-2006/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da almeno dieci anni, si è confermata anche nel 2005 e nei primi sei mesi del 2006. I paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 142. Di questi, i paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 90; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 10; 1 paese, la Russia, in quanto membro del Consiglio d’Europa è impegnato ad abolirla e, nel frattempo, attua una moratoria delle esecuzioni; quelli che hanno introdotto una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 5; i paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono cioè sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni, sono 37. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=8000651 ) [1014] => Array ( [objectID] => 5557 [title] => Japanese : 今日が最期の日？ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e4%bb%8a%e6%97%a5%e3%81%8c%e6%9c%80%e6%9c%9f%e3%81%ae%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%9f/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 日本では、死刑執行の予定日に刑務所の外で監視行動などがおこなわれることはない。処刑がおこなわれるかどうかは当局だけが知るところだからである。また処刑は通常、国会が閉会中で処刑の問題を国会で協議することができないような時期におこなわれる。臼井日出男元法相によれば、「死刑についての論議を大々的にする」機会を野党議員に与えないために、このような方針がとられているということである。死刑の執行に関して唯一明らかにされているのは、定期的に法務省が出す統計情報である。執行された人の名前は明らかにはされず、家族が公開しないかぎり知ることはできない。法務省はこうした秘密主義は, 死刑囚の家族を、身内が処刑されたと知られないよう、保護するためだとしている。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA22/006/2006/en/3ce20491-d420-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/asa220062006ja.pdf ) [1015] => Array ( [objectID] => 6090 [title] => The last executioner: memoirs of Thailand’s last prison executioner [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-last-executioner-memoirs-of-thailands-last-prison-executioner/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Chavoret Jaruboon was personally responsible for executing 55 prison inmates in Thailand’s infamous prisons. As a boy, he wanted to be a teacher like his father, but his life changed when he chose one of the hardest jobs in the world. Honest and often disturbing – but told with surprising humour and emotion – 'The Last Executioner' is the remarkable story of a man who chose death as his vocation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Last-Executioner-Memoirs-Thailands-executioner-ebook/dp/B005BSZ8SK/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1429002365&sr=1-1&keywords=the+last+executioner%3A+memoirs+of+thailand%27s+last+prison+executioner ) [1016] => Array ( [objectID] => 6428 [title] => A Life in the Balance: The Billy Wayne Sinclair Story, A Journey from Murder to Redemption Inside America’s Worst Prison System [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-life-in-the-balance-the-billy-wayne-sinclair-story-a-journey-from-murder-to-redemption-inside-americas-worst-prison-system/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Life in the Balance: a book on the Billy Wayne Sinclair Story, A Journey from Murder to Redemption Inside America’s Worst Prison System. The New York Times Book Review called it a “numbing tale of crime, punishment, and redemption.” [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Life-Balance-Sinclair-Redemption-Americas/dp/1611451027/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1332494421&sr=1-2 ) [1017] => Array ( [objectID] => 6674 [title] => Death Penalty – Mistake (Leonel Herrera) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-mistake-leonel-herrera/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This video explores the story of Leonel Herrera who was sentenced to death for the murder of a police man. A statement from his nephew came many years later that shed light on Leonels innocence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUOanRJXCrM ) [1018] => Array ( [objectID] => 7010 [title] => Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak – MISSION TO CHINA [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment-manfred-nowak-mission-to-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Special Rapporteur also observes positive developments at the legislative level, including the planned reform of several laws relevant to the criminal procedure, which he hopes will bring Chinese legislation into greater conformity with international norms, particularly the fair trial standards contained in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) which China signed in 1998 and is preparing to ratify. He also welcomes the resumption by the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) of its authority to review all death penalty cases,59 particularly given the fact that the quality of the judiciary increases as one ascends the hierarchy. The Special Rapporteur suggests that China might use the opportunity of this important event to increase transparency regarding the number of death sentences in the country, as well as to consider legislation that would allow direct petitioning to the SPC in cases where individuals do not feel that they were provided with adequate relief by lower courts in cases involving the useof torture, access to counsel, etc. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2006/6/Add.6&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [1019] => Array ( [objectID] => 7149 [title] => Japan: “Will this day be my last?” The death penalty in Japan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japan-will-this-day-be-my-last-the-death-penalty-in-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report examines a number of concerns related to the application of the death penalty in Japan, where approximately 87 prisoners currently remain on death row. These concerns include the fact that a prisoner is notified of the execution on the morning of the day it is to be carried out. In some cases the prisoner is not notified at all. This means that prisoners live with the constant fear of execution, not knowing whether they will be alive the next day. Amnesty International calls on the Japanese government to abolish the death penalty as a matter of urgency. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA22/006/2006/en/04c23096-d420-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/asa220062006en.pdf ) [1020] => Array ( [objectID] => 7179 [title] => USA: Blind faith: An appeal to President George W. Bush to admit that the USA’s 30-year experiment with the death penalty has failed [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/usa-blind-faith-an-appeal-to-president-george-w-bush-to-admit-that-the-usas-30-year-experiment-with-the-death-penalty-has-failed/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the context of the "war on terror", US officials have authorized and condoned interrogation techniques and detention conditions that violate the international prohibition on torture. Yet officials have at the same time claimed to be committed to treating detainees humanely. Amnesty International now urges President Bush, in addition to reconsideration of his administration's approach to the treatment of detainees in US custody at home and abroad, to reconsider his support for the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/100/2006/en/e15e9aec-d418-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/amr511002006en.pdf ) [1021] => Array ( [objectID] => 5551 [title] => Italian : SINTESI DEI FATTI PIU’ IMPORTANTI DEL 2004 (e dei primi mesi del 2005) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-sintesi-dei-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2004-e-dei-primi-mesi-del-2005/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : L’evoluzione positiva verso l’abolizione della pena di morte in atto nel mondo da almeno dieci anni, si è confermata anche nel 2004 e nei primi mesi del 2005. I paesi o i territori che hanno deciso di abolirla per legge o in pratica sono oggi 138. Di questi, i paesi totalmente abolizionisti sono 86; gli abolizionisti per crimini ordinari sono 11; 1 paese, la Russia, in quanto membro del Consiglio d’Europa è impegnato ad abolirla e, nel frattempo, attua una moratoria delle esecuzioni; quelli che hanno introdotto una moratoria delle esecuzioni sono 5; i paesi abolizionisti di fatto, che non eseguono cioè sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni, sono 35. Dall’inizio del 2004, 3 paesi sono passati dal fronte dei mantenitori a quello a vario titolo abolizionista, mentre altri 5 hanno fatto ulteriori passi in avanti all’interno dello stesso fronte abolizionista. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=6000639 ) [1022] => Array ( [objectID] => 5560 [title] => Swahili : Tanzania: Adhabu ya Kifo Imerasimishwa? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/swahili-tanzania-adhabu-ya-kifo-imerasimishwa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Katika hoja zinazotumika sana kutetea adhabu ya kifo ni kuwa inasaidia kupunguza uhalifu. Inaelezewa kuwa adhabu ya kifo inalinda jamii dhidi ya watu waliohatari na kuzuia wengine wasije wakafanya uhalifu. Hoja hizi zimethibitishwa kutokuwa na ukweli wowote. Je adhabu ya kifo inalinda jamii dhini ya uhalifu? Hailekei kuwa hivyo. Jamii zinazotumia adhabu ya kifo hazina ulinzi dhidi ya uhalifu kuliko zaidi ya zile jamii zisizotumia adhabu hiyo. Mahali ambapo kuna adhabu mbadala kama vile kifungo, ulinzi wa jamii, hautegemei kuwaondosha kimwili wahalifu. Zaidi ya hapo, inaweza kuelezwa kuwa tahadhari zinazochukuliwa kuzuia wanaosubiri, kuuwawa kujiua inaonyesha wazi kuwa kumuondosha kimwili mhalifu sio sababu ya msingi ya adhabu ya kifo. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/tz414swa.pdf ) [1023] => Array ( [objectID] => 6903 [title] => The Juvenile Death Penalty Today: Death Sentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, January 1, 1973 – February 28, 2005 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-juvenile-death-penalty-today-death-sentences-and-executions-for-juvenile-crimes-january-1-1973-february-28-2005/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is Issue #77, the final issue of these periodic reports, having first been launched on June 15, 1984. On that date, the death penalty for juvenile offenders (defined as those under age 18 at the time of their crimes) was an obscure issue in law as well as in political and social arenas. During the last twenty-one years, these reports have been with us (1) through the intense litigation of the late 1980s, (2) through our society's near hysteria about violent juvenile crime in the 1990s, (3) into the era of the international pressure on the United States to abandon this practice, and (4) now at the end of this practice. The validity and influence of these reports is indicated by thecitations to them in the opinions of leading courts, including the United States Supreme Court: Roper v. Simmons, 125 S.Ct. 1183, 1192, 1193, 1210, 1211, 1221 (2005); In re Stanford, 537 U.S. 968, 971 (2002); and Stanford v. Kentucky, 492 U.S. 361, 373 (1989). In the litigation leading up to the final juvenile death penalty case before the United States Supreme Court (Roper v. Simmons, 125 S.Ct. 1183 (2005)), the Missouri Supreme Court majority opinion included 12 citations to these reports: See Simmons v. Roper, 112 S.W.3d 397, 408, 409, 411 (Mo. 2003). This final issue of this periodic report is intended to document the status of the death penalty for juvenile offenders as ofthe day before the United States Supreme Court held this practice to be unconstitutional. These reports sketch the characteristics of the juvenile offenders and their crimes who have been sentenced to death, who have been executed, and who are currently under death sentences. ---- See bottom left hand corner of web page. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/StreibJuvDP2005.pdf ) [1024] => Array ( [objectID] => 6944 [title] => Killing the Willing: “Volunteers,” Suicide and Competency [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/killing-the-willing-volunteers-suicide-and-competency/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Every death-row volunteer inevitably presents us with the following question: Should a death-row inmate who wishes to waive his appeals be viewed as a client making a legal decision to accept the justness of his punishment, or as a person seeking the aid of the state in committing suicide? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=lsrp_papers ) [1025] => Array ( [objectID] => 7011 [title] => Report by the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak – MISSION TO MONGOLIA [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-by-the-special-rapporteur-on-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment-manfred-nowak-mission-to-mongolia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Special Rapporteur is also deeply concerned about all the circumstances surrounding the death penalty in Mongolia, especially the total secrecy. Despite repeated requests to the highest authorities of the Government, as well as prosecutors and the judiciary, the Special Rapporteur was not provided with any official information. Concern was expressed that not even the families of the condemned persons are notified of the exact date or place of execution and do not receive their mortal remains for burial, which amounts to inhuman treatment of the family, contrary to article 7 of the Covenant. Moreover, prisoners on death row at the Gants Hudag and Zuunmod detention centres are held in complete isolation, handcuffed and shackled, and denied adequate food. These conditions constitute additional punishments which can only be qualified as torture as defined in article 1 of the Convention. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mongolia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2006/6/Add.4&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [1026] => Array ( [objectID] => 5531 [title] => Japanese : 特集／死刑を考える [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e7%89%b9%e9%9b%86%ef%bc%8f%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e3%82%92%e8%80%83%e3%81%88%e3%82%8b/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 【特集】死刑を考える・死刑代替刑としての終身刑・死刑廃止議員連盟の法案作成課程を振り返る・死刑廃止をめぐる最近の国際的動向・死刑求刑検察官上告5事件以降の死刑判決の分析・共犯事件の死刑適用基準・死刑判決に対する被告人による上訴取下げの問題点 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://218.42.146.84/genjin//search.cgi?mode=detail&bnum=20089 ) [1027] => Array ( [objectID] => 5534 [title] => Portuguese : A PENA DE MORTE NA LEGISLAÇÃO CRIMINAL COMUM DO BRASIL -O CASO MOTTACOQUEIRO E SUA REPERCUSSÃO [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-a-pena-de-morte-na-legislacao-criminal-comum-do-brasil-o-caso-mottacoqueiro-e-sua-repercussao/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Este artigo trata da pena de morte dentro da legislação criminal brasileira, analisando algumas sanções impostas no período colonial, por meio do Livro V das Ordenações Filipinas, bem como da legislação pertinente no Brasil Império, pelo Código Criminal de 1830 e suas reformas de 1832 e 1835. Por fim, discorre sobre o processo Motta Coqueiro e sua repercussão na sociedade, após decisão condenatória do réu, posteriormente provado inocente, com o intuito de acabar com este tipo de penalidade no Brasil. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brazil ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:rede.virtual.bibliotecas:artigo.revista:2004;1000765621 ) [1028] => Array ( [objectID] => 5550 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIU´ IMPORTANTI DEL 2003 (e dei primi mesi del 2004) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2003-e-dei-primi-mesi-del-2004/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : La situazione della pena di morte nel mondo è ulteriormente e positivamente cambiata in senso abolizionista nell´ultimo anno. I paesi o i territori che a vario titolo hanno deciso di rinunciare a praticarla sono oggi 133. Di questi 81 sono totalmente abolizionisti; 14 sono abolizionisti per crimini ordinari; 1 (la Russia) in quanto membro del Consiglio d´Europa è impegnato ad abolirla e, nel frattempo, attua una moratoria delle esecuzioni; 5 hanno stabilito una moratoria delle esecuzioni; 32 sono abolizionisti di fatto (non eseguono sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20135 ) [1029] => Array ( [objectID] => 5558 [title] => Indonesian : Indonesia: Urusan tentang pidana mati [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesian-indonesia-urusan-tentang-pidana-mati/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International juga prihatin akan adanya seruan untuk memperluas jenis masalah kejahatan yang dapat dijatuhi pidana mati. Saat ini pidana mati dapat dijatuhkan pada pelaku kejahatan yang berhubungan dengan masalah pembunuhan; kejahatan menentang keamanan negara; pembunuhan Presiden atau Wakil Presiden dan kejahatan yang berhubungan dengan narkoba. Berlawanan dengan kecenderungan internasional yang ingin menghapuskan atau mengurangi jumlah kasus kejahatan yang dapat dijatuhi pidana mati, dua undang-undang yang berhubungan dengan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan dan terorisme yang telah diadopsi selama empat tahun terakhir mencantumkan pidana mati atas beberapa kejahatan. Pada tahun-tahun belakangan ini juga telah ada seruan untuk menjatuhkan pidana mati bagi pelaku penebangan kayu ilegal dan pelaku korupsi. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA21/040/2004/en/4e115c31-d585-11dd-bb24-1fb85fe8fa05/asa210402004in.pdf ) [1030] => Array ( [objectID] => 6600 [title] => Model League of Arab States: Delegates’ Handbook and Rules of Procedure [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/model-league-of-arab-states-delegates-handbook-and-rules-of-procedure/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document provides an introduction to the League explaining the idea of the Arab League, how it was formed, its objectives and its structure. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ysu.edu/gep/hsPDF/arab04.pdf ) [1031] => Array ( [objectID] => 6761 [title] => Death penalty – Beyond abolition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-beyond-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Europe is today the only region in the world where the death penalty has been almost completely abolished. In the Council of Europe's 45 member states, including the European Union's 15 member states and its 13 candidate countries, capital punishment is no longer applied. The Council of Europe played a pioneering role in the battle for abolition, believing that the death penalty has no place in democratic societies under any circumstances. This determination to eradicate the death penalty was reflected in Protocol No.6 to the European Convention on Human Rights, on the abolition of the death penalty in peacetime, which was adopted in April 1983, then in Protocol No.13 on the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances, adopted in May 2002.Introduced by Roger Hood, an international expert on death penalty legislation, this book reviews the long and sometimes tortuous path to abolition in Europe. It also addresses the tangible problems which countries face once the death penalty has been abolished, and related issues: the situation of murder victims' families and alternatives to capital punishment, particularly the choice of a substitute sentence.The Council of Europe's campaign for abolition is currently being pursued beyond Europe's borders, in those states which have Observer status with the organisation, particularly the United States and Japan: the situation in these countries is discussed here.This publication will be of interest to all those who feel concerned by this issue, particularly members of NGOs, lawyers, officials in departments dealing with legal and criminal affairs, and human rights campaigners. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://book.coe.int/EN/ficheouvrage.php?PAGEID=36&lang=EN&produit_aliasid=1627 ) [1032] => Array ( [objectID] => 6922 [title] => Explaining Death Row’s Population and Racial Composition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/explaining-death-rows-population-and-racial-composition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Twenty-three years of murder and death sentence data show how murder demographics help explain death row populations. Nevada and Oklahoma are the most death-prone states; Texas's death sentence rate is below the national mean. Accounting for the race of murderers establishes that black representation on death row is lower than black representation in the population of murder offenders. This disproportion results from reluctance to seek or impose death in black defendant-black victim cases, which more than offsets eagerness to seek and impose death in black defendant-white victim cases. Death sentence rates in black defendant-white victim cases far exceed those in either black defendant-black victim cases or white defendant-white victim cases. The disproportion survives because there are many more black defendant-black victim murders, which are underrepresented on death row, than there are black defendant-white victim murders, which are overrepresented on death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1740-1461.2004.00006.x/abstract ) [1033] => Array ( [objectID] => 6954 [title] => Courtroom Contortions: How America’s application of the death penalty erodes the principle of equal justice under law [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/courtroom-contortions-how-americas-application-of-the-death-penalty-erodes-the-principle-of-equal-justice-under-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => One cost this country pays for the death penalty is that its courts are constantly compelled to corrupt the law in order to uphold death sentences. That corruption soils the character of the United States as a nation dedicated to equal justice under law.This is not the only price we pay for being one of the very few democracies in the world that retains capital punishment in the 21st century. But it is a significant item on the cost side of the cost-benefit ledger, something that each thinking person ought to balance in deciding whether he or she supports capital punishment. And it warrants discussion because this cost is little understood. I have spent much of my time for the past 40 years representing death-sentenced inmates in appeals at every level of the state and federal judicial systems, and I am only lately coming to realize how large a tax the death penalty imposes on the quality of justice in those systems. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=courtroom_contortions ) [1034] => Array ( [objectID] => 7135 [title] => Myanmar: The Administration Of Justice – Grave And Abiding Concerns [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myanmar-the-administration-of-justice-grave-and-abiding-concerns/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report discusses Amnesty International's concern about political imprisonments in Myanmar. Arbitrary arrests; torture and ill-treatment during incommunicado detention; unfair trials; and laws which greatly curtail the rights to freedom of expression and assembly continue as major obstacles to the improvement in the State Peace and Development Council's human rights record. The section dedicated to the death penalty talks about the death penalty system in relation to specific cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Myanmar ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA16/001/2004/en/f64ca073-d5fa-11dd-bb24-1fb85fe8fa05/asa160012004en.pdf ) [1035] => Array ( [objectID] => 7146 [title] => Singapore: The death penalty – A hidden toll of executions [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/singapore-the-death-penalty-a-hidden-toll-of-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => More than 400 prisoners have been hanged in Singapore since 1991, giving the small city-state possibly the highest execution rate in the world relative to its population of just over four million people. This report examines the use of the death penalty for drug offences, murder and firearms offences. It emphasizes the cruel and arbitrary nature of the death penalty and shows how it has been imposed on the most marginalized or vulnerable members of society including drug addicts, the poorly educated, the impoverished or unemployed, and migrant workers. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA36/001/2004/en/74c4cb33-d64e-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/asa360012004en.pdf ) [1036] => Array ( [objectID] => 7164 [title] => The Death Penalty Worldwide – Developments in 2003 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-worldwide-developments-in-2003/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document covers significant events concerning the death penalty during the year 2003. Subjects covered in this document include significant judicial decisions; the use of the death penalty against the innocent; reductions and expansions in the scope of the death penalty; moratoria on executions and commutations of death sentences [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/007/2004/en/41d9f5fc-d64a-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/act500072004en.pdf ) [1037] => Array ( [objectID] => 7189 [title] => People’s Republic of China: Executed “according to law”? The death penalty in China [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/peoples-republic-of-china-executed-according-to-law-the-death-penalty-in-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document describes the process that someone suspected of committing a capital crime goes through under the Chinese criminal justice system, from detention through to execution. This process will be described using examples of cases researched by Amnesty International, and others monitored in the official press in China. As shown, there is potential for the violation of human rights at every stage of the criminal justice process leading to execution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/003/2004/en/31175157-d642-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/asa170032004en.pdf ) [1038] => Array ( [objectID] => 5549 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIU´ IMPORTANTI DEL 2002 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2002/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => La situazione ad oggi : La situazione della pena di morte nel mondo è quanto mai cambiata negli ultimi anni. I paesi o i territori che in un modo o nell´altro hanno deciso di rinunciare a praticarla sono oggi 130. Di questi 78 sono totalmente abolizionisti; 14 sono abolizionisti per crimini ordinari; 2 in quanto membri del Consiglio d´Europa sono impegnati ad abolirla e, nel frattempo, attuano una moratoria delle esecuzioni; 6 attuano una moratoria delle esecuzioni; 30 sono abolizionisti di fatto (non eseguono sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni). I paesi mantenitori della pena di morte sono 66, anche se non tutti la praticano con assiduità. Nel 2002, solo 34 di questi paesi hanno compiuto esecuzioni che sono state almeno 4.078, un po´ in calo rispetto al 2001 quando erano state almeno 4.700. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20124 ) [1039] => Array ( [objectID] => 5559 [title] => Japanese : 死刑民主主義国家にあるまじき行為 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9%e5%9b%bd%e5%ae%b6%e3%81%ab%e3%81%82%e3%82%8b%e3%81%be%e3%81%98%e3%81%8d%e8%a1%8c%e7%82%ba/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 廃止推進団体の努力にもかかわらず、世論には、死刑制度の継続を支持する強い傾向があることは確かです。死刑適用の実状を政府が隠し、これまでよかったといわれた治安が徐々に悪化していることもあり、この時機に政府が、国民に不人気な決断をすることはないでしょう。欧州評議会をはじめとする、国際組織からの圧力に対して、政府は「内政に対する許しがたい干渉」ときめつけています。保守派が与党の政府において、廃止に向けての議論が政治決定となる気配はありません。日本のすべての弁護士が加盟する日弁連は、廃止法案提案でコンセンサスに至らなかったという事実が、現時点で死刑がなくなる可能性が少ないことを雄弁に物語っています。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/jp359j.pdf ) [1040] => Array ( [objectID] => 6758 [title] => Legal Lynching: The Death Penalty and America’s Future [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/legal-lynching-the-death-penalty-and-americas-future/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this collaborative work, the Jacksons, father (former presidential candidate and founder of the Rainbow Coalition) and son (a congressional representative) with Salon.com editor Shapiro, pursue a nationwide conversation on the issues surrounding the death penalty one that begins with the proposal of a moratorium and could lead to the eventual cessation of capital punishment. This book describes a bureaucratic nightmare involving defense lawyers asleep at trial, vengeance-hungry politicos and a problematic, imperfect justice system in which the handing out of death sentences is skewed, both racially and economically. An objective examination of this penal system would be beneficial to all, say the authors: since the Supreme Court allowed executions to resume in 1976, one in every eight prisoners on death row has been found innocent and released. There are undoubtedly cases, the authors argue, where the proof of innocence didn't see the light of day in time. Navigating the historical precedents of the death penalty and the reasons why federally mandated executions were restored following a 10-year moratorium imposed in 1967, the authors thoroughly detail legitimate questions regarding what they view as erroneous deterrence theories, scriptural misrepresentation and simple vengeance. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Legal-Lynching-Penalty-Americas-Future/dp/0385722117/ref=tmm_pap_title_0 ) [1041] => Array ( [objectID] => 6768 [title] => Ultimate Punishment: A Lawyer’s Reflections on Dealing with the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ultimate-punishment-a-lawyers-reflections-on-dealing-with-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Turow bases his opinions on his experiences as a prosecutor and, in his post-prosecutorial years, working on behalf of death-row inmates, as well as his two years on Illinois's Commission on Capital Punishment, charged by the former Gov. George Ryan.Turow presents both sides of the death penalty debate and seems himself to flip sides depending on the argument.Turow's reflections include: * Thoughts on victims' rights vs. community rights * Whether execution is a deterrent * The possible execution of an innocent person * If not the death penalty, what to do with the worst offenders [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Ultimate-Punishment-Lawyers-Reflections-Dealing/dp/031242373X/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1291137959&sr=1-1-fkmr0 ) [1042] => Array ( [objectID] => 6787 [title] => America’s Experiment With Capital Punishment: Reflections on the Past, Present, and Future of the Ultimate Penal Sanction [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/americas-experiment-with-capital-punishment-reflections-on-the-past-present-and-future-of-the-ultimate-penal-sanction/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The second edition of America's Experiment with Capital Punishment is an updated and expanded version of the comprehensive first edition. Chapters, authored by the country's leading legal and social science scholars, have been revised to include a host of important developments since the 1998 edition. Thus, new evidence and information is presented concerning racial disparities in the administration of the death penalty, wrongful convictions, deterrence, the prediction of future dangerousness, jury decision-making, public opinion about the death penalty, the effects of the capital punishment process on murder victims' and offenders' relatives, death row incarceration, the costs of capital punishment, execution methods, and many other issues. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.cap-press.com/pdf/1303.pdf ) [1043] => Array ( [objectID] => 7092 [title] => Iraq: The Death Penalty, Executions, and “Prison Cleansing” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iraq-the-death-penalty-executions-and-prison-cleansing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This briefing paper examines Iraq's arbitrary and widespread use of the death penalty and extrajudicial executions. For more than three decades, the government of President Saddam Hussein has sanctioned the use of the death penalty and extrajudicial executions as a tool of political repression, both in order to eliminate real or suspected political opponents and to maintain a reign of terror over the population at large. The executions that have taken place over this period constitute an integral part of more systematic repression - characterized by widespread arbitrary arrests, indefinite detention without trial, death in custody under torture, and large-scale "disappearances" - through which the government has sustained its rule. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/mena/iraq031103.htm ) [1044] => Array ( [objectID] => 7116 [title] => I don’t want another kid to die: Families of Victims Murdered by Juveniles Oppose Juvenile Executions [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/i-dont-want-another-kid-to-die-families-of-victims-murdered-by-juveniles-oppose-juvenile-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “I don’t want another kid to die” is a report about the juvenile death penalty from the perspective of family members of victims killed by juvenile offenders and parents of juvenile offenders who have been executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus/JuvenileBookRevised.pdf ) [1045] => Array ( [objectID] => 7162 [title] => Uzbekistan: ‘Justice only in heaven’ – the death penalty in Uzbekistan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uzbekistan-justice-only-in-heaven-the-death-penalty-in-uzbekistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document reports on the use of the death penalty in Uzbekistan. It looks at the scope of the death penalty and the current hurdles to its abolition. The report also examines those factors which commonly lead to judicial error - the use of arbitrary detention and torture, unfair trials and corruption.The latter part of the report looks at the conditions for prisoners on death row and the suffering inflicted by the state on the families of those sentenced to death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uzbekistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR62/011/2003/en/def3986d-d68a-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/eur620112003en.pdf ) [1046] => Array ( [objectID] => 7171 [title] => Socialist Republic of Viet Nam: The death penalty – inhumane and Ineffective [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/socialist-republic-of-viet-nam-the-death-penalty-inhumane-and-ineffective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International is alarmed by the recent dramatic rise in the reported imposition of the death penalty in Viet Nam, particularly for drugs-related offences and other economic crimes. It believes that the continuing use of the death penalty in Viet Nam is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment and a breach of the right to life and that the conditions surrounding its imposition in Viet Nam are in contravention of international human rights standards. In this report Amnesty is calling on the Vietnamese Government to immediately establish a moratorium on all executions, while taking steps towards total abolition of the death penalty in accordance with international standards and United Nations recommendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.refworld.org/topic,50ffbce582,50ffbce59d,3f914f157,0,,COUNTRYREP,VNM.html ) [1047] => Array ( [objectID] => 7177 [title] => Uzbekistan: Unfair trials and secret executions: Summary of the report “‘Justice only in heaven’ – the death penalty in Uzbekistan” [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uzbekistan-unfair-trials-and-secret-executions-summary-of-the-report-justice-only-in-heaven-the-death-penalty-in-uzbekistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document provides a summary of the report "Uzbekistan: "Justice only in heaven" - the death penalty in Uzbekistan" (EUR 62/011/2003). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uzbekistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR62/012/2003/en/d8ef0474-d685-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/eur620122003en.pdf ) [1048] => Array ( [objectID] => 5536 [title] => German : Protokoll Nr. 13 zur Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten bezüglich der Abschaffung der Todesstrafe unter allen Umständen [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-protokoll-nr-13-zur-konvention-zum-schutze-der-menschenrechte-und-grundfreiheiten-bezuglich-der-abschaffung-der-todesstrafe-unter-allen-umstanden/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Artikel 1 – Abschaffung der TodesstrafeDie Todesstrafe ist abgeschafft. Niemand darf zu dieser Strafe verurteilt oder hingerichtet werden. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/GER/Treaties/Html/187.htm ) [1049] => Array ( [objectID] => 5537 [title] => Italian : Protocollo n° 13 alla Convenzione per la salvaguardia dei Diritti dell’Uomo e delle Libertà fondamentali relativo all’abolizione delle pena di morte in ogni circostanza [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-protocollo-n-13-alla-convenzione-per-la-salvaguardia-dei-diritti-delluomo-e-delle-liberta-fondamentali-relativo-allabolizione-delle-pena-di-morte-in-ogni-circostanza/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Articolo 1 – Abolizione della pena di morteLa pena di morte è abolita. Nessuno può essere condannato a tale pena né giustiziato. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/ita/Treaties/Html/187.htm ) [1050] => Array ( [objectID] => 5546 [title] => Japanese : 死刑制度問題に関する提言 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e6%ad%bb%e5%88%91%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%e3%81%ab%e9%96%a2%e3%81%99%e3%82%8b%e6%8f%90%e8%a8%80/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 国連の国際人権（自由権）規約は、第6 条6 項において、「この条のいかなる規定も、この規約の締約国により死刑の廃止を遅らせ又は妨げるために援用されてはならない」として、死刑廃止の方向性を確認していたが、1989 年、国連総会において国際人権（自由権）規約第二選択議定書、いわゆる「死刑廃止条約」（以下、「死刑廃止条約」という。）が採択され（1991 年発効）、死刑の廃止が明確化された。日本は米国・中国などと共に同条約に反対し、今日に至るまで批准していない（注1）。また、国際人権（自由権）規約人権委員会は、1993 年11 月4 日、第3 回の日本政府報告書の審査にあたり、日本政府に対し、死刑廃止に向けた措置をとること、および死刑確定者のおかれた拘禁状態が規約に違反するとして、これを改善することを勧告している。しかし、その後も日本において前記勧告を受けての改善は一切なされず、同委員会は1998 年11 月6 日に再度、日本政府に対し、死刑の廃止および死刑確定者処遇の改善を勧告した。 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/ja/opinion/report/data/2002_45.pdf ) [1051] => Array ( [objectID] => 5548 [title] => Italian : I FATTI PIÙ IMPORTANTI DEL 2001 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-i-fatti-piu-importanti-del-2001/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Il 2001 ha confermato l´evoluzione verso l´abolizione della pena di morte in corso ormai da dieci anni. Nell´anno, la Repubblica Federale di Iugoslavia è diventata totalmente abolizionista, il Cile ha abolito la pena di morte per i crimini ordinari, l´Irlanda l´ha abolita anche dalla Costituzione, il Burkina Faso è entrato a fare parte del gruppo degli abolizionisti di fatto non avendo eseguito sentenze capitali da oltre dieci anni, il Libano ha deciso di attuare una moratoria delle esecuzioni. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20094 ) [1052] => Array ( [objectID] => 6803 [title] => Striving to Eliminate Unjust Executions: Why the ABA’s Individual Rights & Responsibilities Section Has Issued Protocols on Unfair Implementation of Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/striving-to-eliminate-unjust-executions-why-the-abas-individual-rights-responsibilities-section-has-issued-protocols-on-unfair-implementation-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The ABA concluded in 1997 that pervasive unfairness in capital punishment regimes warranted a halt to executions unless all of the systemic problems the ABA identified were corrected. Four years later, with those problems still pervasive, the ABA’s Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities issued protocols designed to facilitate the evaluation of the fairness—or lack thereof—of a jurisdiction’s capital punishment system. The protocols are particularly timely because many state legislative bodies are authorizing, or considering authorizing, studies of death penalty implementation. The protocols provide an overview, a list of questions to consider, and recommendations with regard to each topic area they cover. While these are not exhaustive, and are not fully applicable in every death penalty jurisdiction, they should prove invaluable to any group seeking to seriously evaluate the manner in which capital punishment is actually administered today. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/03/63.1.tabak_.pdf ) [1053] => Array ( [objectID] => 7117 [title] => Dignity Denied: The Experience of Murder Victims’ Family Members Who Oppose the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dignity-denied-the-experience-of-murder-victims-family-members-who-oppose-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report, which includes policy recommendations, is the culmination of a long effort to identify and document the bias on the part of some prosecutors, judges, and members of the victims' services community against victims' family members who oppose the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.mvfhr.org/sites/default/files/pdf/dignitydenied.pdf ) [1054] => Array ( [objectID] => 7170 [title] => TAJIKISTAN: DEADLY SECRETS – The death penalty in law and practice [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tajikistan-deadly-secrets-the-death-penalty-in-law-and-practice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Official secrecy surrounds the death penalty in Tajikistan. The picture that Amnesty International has been able to build is incomplete, yet alarming. With random and relentless cruelty, prisoners are executed in secret after unfair trials, with no warning to their families. According to the evidence gathered by Amnesty International, none of the prisoners sentenced to death in Tajikistan received a fair trial. Most, if not all, were tortured. Several different prisoners have given detailed accounts naming the same investigator, but no action has apparently been taken to investigate the truth of these allegations. Testimony extracted under torture has been admitted as evidence and used to condemn prisoners to death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tajikistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR60/008/2002/en/38364ad9-d7fe-11dd-9df8-936c90684588/eur600082002en.pdf ) [1055] => Array ( [objectID] => 7173 [title] => THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – The Death Penalty in 2000 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-peoples-republic-of-china-the-death-penalty-in-2000/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The attached report analyses the use of the death penalty in China in 2000 and examines sentencing patterns and the legislation behind the death penalty in China. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/032/2002/en/5818f318-d80c-11dd-9df8-936c90684588/asa170322002en.pdf ) [1056] => Array ( [objectID] => 7186 [title] => People’s Republic of China: The Death Penalty Log in 2000 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/peoples-republic-of-china-the-death-penalty-log-in-2000/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Log gives available details of death sentences and executions occurring in China throughout 2000. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/031/2002/en/782aa2cc-d80c-11dd-9df8-936c90684588/asa170312002en.pdf ) [1057] => Array ( [objectID] => 6949 [title] => THE JURY IN THE TWENTY – FIRST CENTURY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-jury-in-the-twenty-first-century-an-interdisciplinary-conference/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The first section below describes how, for many jurors, the decision about guilt appears to be so overwhelming that it prevents truly separate decision making about punishment. The second section focuses on the degree to which jurors feel constrained by what they view as a requirement to impose death if certain aggravating factors are present in the case. And finally, the third section explores the way in which mitigating evidence, even when it appears to have been extensive and credible, is ignored, devalued, or discredited. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.brooklaw.edu/~/media/PDF/LawJournals/BLR_PDF/blr_v66iv.ashx ) [1058] => Array ( [objectID] => 6967 [title] => An Ancient Precedent: Reflections on the Tale of Korea’s Abolitionist King [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/an-ancient-precedent-reflections-on-the-tale-of-koreas-abolitionist-king/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article will first briefly describe the current situation in the two Koreas and the local anti-death penalty movement before turning to an examination of an ancient Korean precedent for abolition based on an understanding of Buddhist teachings. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-MISC/102921.htm ) [1059] => Array ( [objectID] => 6969 [title] => The Death Penalty in Japan: An “Absurd” Punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-japan-an-absurd-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article outlines some of the main arguments against the death penalty in Japan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=67+Brooklyn+L.+Rev.+827&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=87a5a0f58e9ab963d970d33e8058fa61 ) [1060] => Array ( [objectID] => 7134 [title] => Saudi Arabia: Defying world trends – Saudi Arabia’s extensive use of capital punishment [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/saudi-arabia-defying-world-trends-saudi-arabias-extensive-use-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document examines the death penalty in Saudi Arabia and how it is sustained by a mixture of legal, judicial and political factors, whose redress requires a strong political will from the Saudi Arabian government together with a consistent concern and assistance by the international community. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE23/015/2001/en/382926c0-f83c-11dd-a0a9-2bd73ca4d38a/mde230152001en.pdf ) [1061] => Array ( [objectID] => 7175 [title] => People’s Republic of China: The Death Penalty in 1999 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/peoples-republic-of-china-the-death-penalty-in-1999/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report analyses the use of the death penalty in China and examines sentencing patterns and the legislation behind the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/005/2001/en/496b7b06-dc39-11dd-a4f4-6f07ed3e68c6/asa170052001en.pdf ) [1062] => Array ( [objectID] => 7182 [title] => UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: No return to execution – The US death penalty as a barrier to extradition [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/united-states-of-america-no-return-to-execution-the-us-death-penalty-as-a-barrier-to-extradition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document examines the issue of extradition and the death penalty in the United States. It looks at the emergence of death penalty clauses in extradition treaties and laws and gives examples of specific cases in the US where extradition has either prevented the application of the death penalty or been circumvented to allow individuals to be sentenced to death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/171/2001/en/aef3b824-d8b9-11dd-ad8c-f3d4445c118e/amr511712001en.pdf ) [1063] => Array ( [objectID] => 5547 [title] => Italian : Sintesi dei fatti più rilevanti del 2000 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-sintesi-dei-fatti-piu-rilevanti-del-2000/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In questi anni, abbiamo assistito ad un progressivo rafforzamento del processo abolizionista, ed anche i fatti registrati nel 2000 confermano questo trend positivo. Al 31 dicembre 2000, sono 123 i paesi abolizionisti a vario titolo: 77 sono totalmente abolizionisti, 12 abolizionisti per crimini ordinari, 30 abolizionisti di fatto, 2 impegnati ad abolire la pena di morte in quanto membri del Consiglio d´Europa, 2 attuano una moratoria legale delle esecuzioni. I paesi mantenitori sono 73. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nessunotocchicaino.it/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20080 ) [1064] => Array ( [objectID] => 6864 [title] => Europe – A Death Penalty Free Zone: Commentary and Critique of Abolitionist Strategies [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/europe-a-death-penalty-free-zone-commentary-and-critique-of-abolitionist-strategies/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The purpose of this paper is to offer a critique and commentary on the European agenda on the abolition of the death penalty, and in so doing the author has relied heavily on the contributions made by a number of commentators to the recent Council of Europe publication, "The Death Penalty: Abolition in Europe". [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=26+Ohio+N.U.L.+Rev.+625&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=262441aa7a8b09ef8e93bf756df0021c ) [1065] => Array ( [objectID] => 6877 [title] => Still Unfair, Still Arbitrary — But Do We Care? [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/still-unfair-still-arbitrary-but-do-we-care/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => My assignment is to try to give an overview of the status of the death penalty in America at the beginning of the twenty-first century. I will try to put that in the context of how the death penalty was viewed thirty years ago, or more, and maybe that will tell us something about how the death penalty will be viewed thirty or forty years from now. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=26+Ohio+N.U.L.+Rev.+517&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=e3762c1917e6dabca746c438859252df ) [1066] => Array ( [objectID] => 6897 [title] => Abortion, Capital Punishment, and the Politics of “God’s” Will [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/abortion-capital-punishment-and-the-politics-of-gods-will/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In her paper, Professor Kimberly J. Cook uses statistics to illustrate the role the Christian Right plays in the public discourse over two issues permeated with religious overtones: abortion and the death penalty. She shows how the Christian Right's approach to these issues is based on an ideological notion of 'Justice " that is primarily focused on vengeance and punishment, to the exclusion of forgiveness. Professor Cook's exploration of the modern roots of this ideology leads to a movement dating from the 1960s known as Christian Reconstructionism, which advocates using state action to enforce its unique interpretation of "God's Will." This interpretation not only advocates an expansive view of the death penalty, but also patriarchal gender roles backed by force of law, religious intolerance, and the manifest goal of establishing a global Christian theocracy. Though it has been publicly disavowed by mainstream Christian Fundamentalists, Professor Cook argues that Reconstructionism has become the cornerstone of the Christian Right. To support this assertion, she compares current Christian Right socio-political goals with Reconstructionist theology. Professor Cook concludes with a warning that the Christian Right's political power, coupled with its Reconstructionist influenced ideology, places our constitutional protections at risk. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1372&context=wmborj ) [1067] => Array ( [objectID] => 7145 [title] => Socialist Republic of Viet Nam: The death penalty – recent developments [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/socialist-republic-of-viet-nam-the-death-penalty-recent-developments/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document contains information about the recent developments in Vietm Nam regarding the death penalty. Amnesty International welcomes the reduction in the number of offenses punishable by the death penalty. However, the organization remains concerned that there is still a broad range of offenses which are punishable by the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA41/001/2000/en/24fbf627-df76-11dd-8abb-118b2e919ec0/asa410012000en.pdf ) [1068] => Array ( [objectID] => 5463 [title] => Italian : Riflessioni sulla pena di morte [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-riflessioni-sulla-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.it/Riflessioni-sulla-morte-Albert-Camus/dp/8877108142 ) [1069] => Array ( [objectID] => 5540 [title] => German : Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-konvention-zum-schutze-der-menschenrechte-und-grundfreiheiten/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Artikel 2 - Recht auf Leben1 Das Recht jedes Menschen auf Le-ben wird gesetzlich geschützt. Niemand darf absichtlich getötet werden, außer durch Vollstreckung eines Todesurteils, das ein Gericht wegen eines Verbre-chens verhängt hat, für das die Todes-strafe gesetzlich vorgesehen ist. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_DEU.pdf ) [1070] => Array ( [objectID] => 5541 [title] => Italian : Convenzione per la salvaguardia dei Diritti dell’Uomo e delle Libertà fondamentali [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-convenzione-per-la-salvaguardia-dei-diritti-delluomo-e-delle-liberta-fondamentali/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Articolo 2 - Diritto alla vita1 Il diritto alla vita di ogni persona è protetto dalla legge. Nessuno può essere intenzionalmente privato della vita, salvo che in esecuzione di una sentenza capi-tale pronunciata da un tribunale, nel ca-so in cui il reato sia punito dalla legge con tale pena. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ITA.pdf ) [1071] => Array ( [objectID] => 6750 [title] => Deterrence [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deterrence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Scientific studies have consistently failed to demonstrate that executions deter people from committing crime anymore than long prison sentences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=82 ) [1072] => Array ( [objectID] => 6751 [title] => The High Cost of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-high-cost-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A fact sheet on the cost of the death penalty in the United States. Life emprisonment without parole is suggested. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=42 ) [1073] => Array ( [objectID] => 6735 [title] => Death Penalty and Arbitrariness [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-and-arbitrariness/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This sheet details the factors which contribute to the arbitrariness of the death penalty in the USA. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-and-arbitrariness/page.do?id=1101083 ) [1074] => Array ( [objectID] => 6736 [title] => Death Penalty and Deterrence [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-and-deterrence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An argument against deterrence is made by looking at a survey which found that during the last 20 years, the homicide rate in states with the death penalty has been 48 to 101 percent higher than in states without the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/the-death-penalty-and-deterrence/page.do?id=1101085 ) [1075] => Array ( [objectID] => 6737 [title] => Human Rights and the Death Penalty in the United States [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-and-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This sheet details what human rights are in relation to the death penalty and the USA. It discusses racism, inadequete legal representation and the unjustifiable cost of the death penalty in the US. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.discoverhumanrights.org/uploads/death_penalty_fact_sheet_u_s.pdf ) [1076] => Array ( [objectID] => 6746 [title] => Religion and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/religion-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In recent years, a growing number of religious organizations have participated in the nation's death penalty debate. The purpose of this Web page is to provide access to information regarding the efforts of these faith groups and to highlight recent developments related to religion and the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/religion-and-death-penalty ) [1077] => Array ( [objectID] => 6748 [title] => Inadequete Legal Representation [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/inadequete-legal-representation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Perhaps the most important factor in determining whether a defendant will receive the death penalty is the quality of the representation he or she is provided. Almost all defendants in capital cases cannot afford their own attorneys. In many cases, the appointed attorneys are overworked, underpaid, or lacking the trial experience required for death penalty cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=83 ) [1078] => Array ( [objectID] => 6730 [title] => Death Penalty and Innocence [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-and-innocence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This webpage talks about innocence and the death penalty: Examples of innocence in three cases in the United States and factors leading to wrongful conviction. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-and-innocence/page.do?id=1101086 ) [1079] => Array ( [objectID] => 6732 [title] => Death Penalty Cost [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-cost/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This factsheet deals with the cost of the death penalty in the United States using figures from a study conducted by the Californian Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-cost/page.do?id=1101084 ) [1080] => Array ( [objectID] => 6733 [title] => Death Penalty and Race [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-and-race/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => From initial charging decisions to plea bargaining to jury sentencing, African-Americans are treated more harshly when they are defendants, and their lives are accorded less value when they are victims. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-and-race/page.do?id=1101091 ) [1081] => Array ( [objectID] => 6734 [title] => Anything But Humane [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/anything-but-humane/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A fact sheet on the lethal injection in the United States. This page details the process of lethal injection with statements of US health professional associations on participation in execution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/lethal-injection/page.do?id=1101012 ) [1082] => Array ( [objectID] => 6684 [title] => Witness to Innocence – from death row to freedom [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/witness-to-innocence-from-death-row-to-freedom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Errors have been made repeatedly in death penalty cases because of: poor legal representation, racial prejudice, prosecutorial misconduct, the presentation of erroneous evidence, false confession, junk science, eyewitness error. Once convicted, a death row prisoner faces enormous obstacles in convincing any court that he or she is innocent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ntcmissionaloutreach.org/missional-outreach-blog/witness_to_innocence ) [1083] => Array ( [objectID] => 6664 [title] => How to Lobby [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-lobby/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Lobbying your elected officials is one of the most important actions you can take to bring about the end of the death penalty. Here are some tips for communicating effectively with government officials. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => http://www.californiapeopleoffaith.org/lobbying.pdf ) [1084] => Array ( [objectID] => 6647 [title] => The Last Meals Project [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-last-meals-project/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This series visually documents the face and last meal of a convicted killer and is without question honest and true. This will be an ongoing project as executions continue to take place in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.lastmealsproject.com/pages.html ) [1085] => Array ( [objectID] => 6653 [title] => Student Resource Centre [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/student-resource-centre/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A resource centre for students researching the death penalty. It provides student essays as an example on how to write an essay on the death penalty. It also contains a contact list of - death row inmates, activists, jurists, families of inmates, and others that have agreed to make themselves available to answer students' questions regarding capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://ccadp.org/students.htm ) [1086] => Array ( [objectID] => 6655 [title] => Capital Punishment in Context [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-in-context/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Capital Punishment in Context contains several cases of individuals who were sentenced to death in the United States. Each case presents a narrative account of the individual’s crime, trial and punishment, along with guidelines for analysis, discussion and further research on issues raised by the case. The narratives are supplemented by resources such as original police reports from the homicide investigation and transcripts of testimony from witnesses. After reading the case, you can further explore issues by following a series of links to new information. Each case, along with the related materials, delineates a path through the criminal justice system. At every stage of the process, questions are raised about how the system works. These questions can lead to an analysis of key topics, such as the quality of legal representation for criminal defendants, the risk of wrongful convictions, the role of capital jurors, judicial independence, and the role that race may play in the criminal justice system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/ ) [1087] => Array ( [objectID] => 6636 [title] => False Confessions and Recording of Custodial Interrogations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/false-confessions-and-recording-of-custodial-interrogations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Many of the nation’s 249 wrongful convictions overturned by DNA evidence involved some form of a false confession. Yet it’s virtually impossible to fathom wh a person would wrongly confess to a crime he or she did not commit. The causes behind false confessions is explored in this text. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.innocenceproject.org/Content/False_Confessions__Recording_Of_Custodial_Interrogations.php ) [1088] => Array ( [objectID] => 6641 [title] => Host a Speaking Event [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/host-a-speaking-event/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Are you stressing about finding that perfect speaker for your next event? Worried that the speaker be inspirational, educational, and entertaining all at the same time? Look no further. We are awaiting your call to help you organize an unforgettable and unique experience for your audience. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.witnesstoinnocence.org/events-host.html ) [1089] => Array ( [objectID] => 6626 [title] => Petition for DNA Testing [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/petition-for-dna-testing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is a document which can be used for those petitioning to have DNA evidence re-examined. Specific to Arizona but can be used as a guide in other jurisdictions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.azjusticeproject.org/Assets/Docs/dnaPETITION.pdf ) [1090] => Array ( [objectID] => 6627 [title] => Death Penalty Laws in states [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-laws-in-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document provides state by state information in the United States regarding laws that govern the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/resources/statelaws ) [1091] => Array ( [objectID] => 6628 [title] => Death Qualification [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-qualification/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document describes who is elgible for Death Qualification, Jury Selection, and what death qualification entails. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/resources/deathqualification ) [1092] => Array ( [objectID] => 6629 [title] => Clemency Procedures in Death Penalty States [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/clemency-procedures-in-death-penalty-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This file is relevant to the US, giving a list of states where governors can grant clemency, where the governor must have recommendations of clemency and where governors recieve a non-binding recommendation of clemency. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/resources/clemency ) [1093] => Array ( [objectID] => 6630 [title] => Overview of the Capital Trial Process [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/overview-of-the-capital-trial-process/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document briefly goes through the steps involved in a death penalty case, from the point of arrest to judge sentences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/resources/trialprocess ) [1094] => Array ( [objectID] => 6631 [title] => Screening questionnaire for DNA Grant Cases [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/screening-questionnaire-for-dna-grant-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Arizona Justice Project will use this questionnaire to decide whether your case qualifies for assistance under the DNA testing grant, provided by the National Institute of Justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.azjusticeproject.org/Assets/Docs/DNA%20GRANT%20Questionnaire.pdf ) [1095] => Array ( [objectID] => 6632 [title] => Investigating Forensic Problems in the United States: How the Federal Government Can Strengthen Oversight Through the Coverdell Grant Program [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/investigating-forensic-problems-in-the-united-states-how-the-federal-government-can-strengthen-oversight-through-the-coverdell-grant-program/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report describes the federal forensic oversight program; outlines the problems that have plagued the program since its inception (with specific examples): Explains the consequences of the federal government’s inadequate administration of the program; shows how forensic negligence and misconduct lead to wrongful convictions; and gives specific recommendations for what the federal government, states and individuals can do to strengthen forensic oversight. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.innocenceproject.org/docs/CoverdellReport.pdf ) [1096] => Array ( [objectID] => 6635 [title] => Facts on Post-Conviction DNA Exonerations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-on-post-conviction-dna-exonerations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This fact sheet gives facts on post DNA exonerations and provides information on the main causes of wrongful conviction including eyewitness misidentification, false confessions and snitches. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.innocenceproject.org/Content/Facts_on_PostConviction_DNA_Exonerations.php ) [1097] => Array ( [objectID] => 6617 [title] => Murder Victims Families for Human Rights Brochure [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/murder-victims-families-for-human-rights-brochure/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights was launched on international human rights day, 2004, by a group of victims' family members who oppose the death penalty and have extensive speaking and organizing experience in the United States and around the world. Through their statements, testimony, and educational materials, MVFHR members let policymakers and the general public know that it is possible to be both pro-victim and anti-death penalty. The response to one human rights violation should not be another human rights violation. We honor victims by preventing violence, not by perpetuating it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.mvfhr.org/sites/default/files/pdf/brochure.pdf ) [1098] => Array ( [objectID] => 6620 [title] => Families of Murder Victims Oppose the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/families-of-murder-victims-oppose-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The San Diego chapter of California People of Faith Working Against the DeathPenalty educates and mobilizes faith communities to act to abolish the death penalty in California. We are a nonpartisan, statewide, interfaith organization. As communities of faith, we join together to take responsibility for the killing of our citizens by the State of California. As people of faith, we know that the God/Wisdom of all faiths calls us to something more: a high and often difficult standard of love, forgiveness and justice that is rooted not in retribution but rather in redemption and restoration. The death penalty denies the sacredness of human life. Spiritually, the death penalty diminishes us all. As we invest in vengeance in this society, we divest ourselves of compassion. As we support retribution, we neglect restorative justice. We cannot be a community of compassion and unity if we choose to destroy one another. And we should not allow the State to do it for us. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/downloads/san%20diego%20victim%20brochureFinal.pdf ) [1099] => Array ( [objectID] => 6621 [title] => Death Penalty Can Prolong the Suffering of a Vicitm’s Family [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-can-prolong-the-suffering-of-a-vicitms-family/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Many family members who have lost loved ones to murder feel that the death penalty will not heal their wounds nor will it end their pain. This webpage provides resources for those looking to connect with murder victims' families organisations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=56 ) [1100] => Array ( [objectID] => 6622 [title] => Facts Law Enforcement Should Know About the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-law-enforcement-should-know-about-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A leaflet detailing the facts that law enforcement should be aware of; how the system prolongs suffering of the victim's family, mistakes that have been made, the uneven application of the death penalty - these amongst other topics are explored to inform law enforcement about the facts of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/downloads/LEO%20Brochure%20Final%2011.16.09.pdf ) [1101] => Array ( [objectID] => 6606 [title] => Department of Public Information Non-Governmental Organizations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/department-of-public-information-non-governmental-organizations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The NGO Relations Cluster is the link to over 1,500 Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) associated with the Department of Public Information and supports their efforts to interact effectively with the United Nations in their areas of expertise. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/dpingorelations/ ) [1102] => Array ( [objectID] => 6613 [title] => International Network of Academics Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-network-of-academics-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => It is of the utmost importance, in the short and medium-term, to develop an intense work of academically nature both of study and disclosure of the problems of the abolition of the death penalty in the international scenario, to complement and help the work of the diplomatic action and non-governmental organizations. To this effect it is proposed to keep REPECAP as an ever – growing scientific world network comprising academic law scholars, human rights centers, institutions of public law and Ngos, with expertise and skill in the problems of death penalty and interests in the field of international criminal justice, as well as young researchers who have been dealing with these topics or wish to get involved with the subject, regardless of nationality or locations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.academicsforabolition.net/pdf/aboutus.pdf ) [1103] => Array ( [objectID] => 6598 [title] => Overview – Association of Southeast Asian Nations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/overview-association-of-southeast-asian-nations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document provides a quick overview of ASEAN, going through its aims and purposes, fundamental principles, its community and its charter. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.asean.org/asean/about-asean/overview ) [1104] => Array ( [objectID] => 6602 [title] => Guidelines for Submitting Communications [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guidelines-for-submitting-communications/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document outlines the functions of the Commission, how to make presentations in front of the Commission, the procedures of examining the communication and the recommendations of the Commission. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.achpr.org/files/pages/communications/guidelines/achpr_infosheet_communications_eng.pdf ) [1105] => Array ( [objectID] => 6603 [title] => Procedure (Communications Procedure of the African Commission for Human and Peoples rights) [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/procedure-communications-procedure-of-the-african-commission-for-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document describes the procedures of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights stating who can apply to the court and what measures they may take. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.achpr.org/files/pages/communications/procedure/achpr_communication_procedure_eng.pdf ) [1106] => Array ( [objectID] => 6588 [title] => Instructions: Form for Filing Petitions alleging Human Rights Violations [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/instructions-form-for-filing-petitions-alleging-human-rights-violations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The following form, prepared by the Commission’s Executive Secretariat, is intended to make it easier for victims of violations, their family members, organizations of civil society or other persons to file complaints alleging human rights violations by OAS member States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.cidh.oas.org/cidh_apps/instructions.asp?gc_language=E ) [1107] => Array ( [objectID] => 6530 [title] => Listing of verifiable executions worldwide reported this month. [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/listing-of-verifiable-executions-worldwide-reported-this-month/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Listing of verifiable executions worldwide reported per month. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/world.html ) [1108] => Array ( [objectID] => 6307 [title] => Take action on the death penalty [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/take-action-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Two-page guide with tips and contacts for individuals interested in getting started in anti-death penalty activism in the US. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.discoverhumanrights.org/uploads/take_action_on_the_death_penalty_2.pdf ) [1109] => Array ( [objectID] => 6299 [title] => The Death Penalty in China and the World [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-china-and-the-world/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this lesson students aged 11-16 work collectively to use their mathematical skill and appropriate technology to examine and analyse information about the changing use of the death penalty in China and the world. They look for the most effective ways of presenting information using charts, graphs and maps, and comment on the reliability and validity of the data that they have collected. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org.uk/uploads/documents/doc_18397.pdf ) [1110] => Array ( [objectID] => 6300 [title] => A Matter of Life and Death: films, an assembly, lessons and information on the death penalty to inspire students aged 14+ [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-matter-of-life-and-death-films-an-assembly-lessons-and-information-on-the-death-penalty-to-inspire-students-aged-14/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Through A Matter of Life and Death lessons, assembly and films, students aged 14+ can explore the issues surrounding the use of the death penalty, one of Amnesty's oldest and most established campaigns. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org.uk/content.asp?CategoryID=11869 ) [1111] => Array ( [objectID] => 5889 [title] => Indian Movie on the Death Penalty: Dhananjoy [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indian-movie-on-the-death-penalty-dhananjoy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The story is based on the conviction Dhananjoy, accused for the gruesome murder of Hetal Parekh, which took place in the year 1990. On the basis of circumstantial evidence and on the basis of the deceased mother's statement, Dhananjoy Chatterjee- a security guard, was executed and hanged to death on the early hours of 15th August 2004, after serving imprisonment for 14 long years and after having appealed to all levels of court in the country; and finally, to the President of India. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/dhananjoy/ET00055075 ) [1112] => Array ( [objectID] => 5891 [title] => Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions on a gender-sensitive approach to arbitrary killings [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-on-a-gender-sensitive-approach-to-arbitrary-killings/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the report, the Special Rapporteur considers key elements of a gender-sensitive perspective to the mandate, in the interests of strengthening an inclusive application of critical norms and standards related to the right to life. These elements include consideration of the impact of gender identity and expression, intersecting with other identities, on the risks factors to killings or death, the degree of predictability of harm and States’ implementation of its due diligence obligations. Applying gender lenses to the notion of arbitrariness, the Special Rapporteur highlights that gender-based killings — when committed by non-State actors — may constitute arbitrary killings. It also shows that violations of the right to life stem not only from an intentional act of deprivation of life by the State or a non-State actor, but also from the deprivation of basic conditions that guarantee life, such as access to essential health care [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Executions/Pages/AnnualReports.aspx ) [1113] => Array ( [objectID] => 5844 [title] => Why two mothers back death penalty repeal [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/why-two-mothers-back-death-penalty-repeal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article talks about the tension between protecting the innocent on the one hand and dragging the process out for victims' families on the other, and how those two can't be reconciled. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/2037 ) [1114] => Array ( [objectID] => 5714 [title] => For or against abolition of the death penalty: Evidence from Taiwan [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/for-or-against-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-evidence-from-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Taiwan-Public-Opinion-FINAL-ENG.pdf ) [1115] => Array ( [objectID] => 5689 [title] => Sentenced to oblivion. Fact-finding mission on death row. Cameroon [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sentenced-to-oblivion-fact-finding-mission-on-death-row-cameroon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report "Sentenced to oblivion. Fact-finding mission on death row. Cameroon", which was officially launched on 21 June at the Delegation of the European Union from Yaoundé to Cameroon, is the result of an unprecedented fact-finding mission, conducted from May to October 2018 in five Cameroonian prisons by the Cameroonian Lawyers' Network against the Death Penalty (Racopem) and the association ECPM (Ensemble contre la peine de mort). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquette-cameroun-2019-GB-150219-BD-page.pdf ) [1116] => Array ( [objectID] => 5516 [title] => German : Einleitung durch die Kontaktgruppe der Europäischen Zivilgesellschaft : Ein Leitfaden für die Zusammenarbeit [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-einleitung-durch-die-kontaktgruppe-der-europaischen-zivilgesellschaft-ein-leitfaden-fur-die-zusammenarbeit/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Das Handbuch ist dafür gedacht, Ihnen einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Sektoren von NGOs zu geben, die sich für BürgerInnenrechte und für das allgemeine Interesse einsetzen und kann Ihnen somit gleichsam als Kompass für die europäische Zivilgesellschaft dienen. Im ersten Teil geben wir Ihnen zunächst einen generellen Einblick in die bereits bestehende Praxis des Dialogs zwischen EU Institutionen und NGOs, die sich über die letzten 20 Jahre hinweg herausgebildet hat. Daran anschließend möchte wir Ihnen die Forderungen der NGOs im Bezug auf die Umsetzung des Paragraphen über den Zivilen Dialog nahebringen, wie er in der neuen Verfassung niedergeschrieben ist. Im zweiten Teil finden Sie einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Politkbereiche, in denen sich die sechs Sektoren in den nächsten 5 Jahren ihrer Amtszeit jeweils engagieren werden. Dieser Teil soll es Ihnen ermöglichen, die Bereiche auszumachen, in denen europäische NGOs für Ihre jeweils spezifische Arbeit im Parlament Expertise anbieten können. Die Werte und Ziele der Kontaktgruppe finden Sie in Teil III. Der Anhang ist eine komplette Kontaktliste der verschiedenen NGOs, die im Rahmen der Kontaktgruppe zusammen kommen. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://library.deeep.org/record/1036/files/DEEEP-GUIDE-2015-015.pdf ) [1117] => Array ( [objectID] => 5522 [title] => Japanese : 人権のための殺人被害者遺族の会 [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-%e4%ba%ba%e6%a8%a9%e3%81%ae%e3%81%9f%e3%82%81%e3%81%ae%e6%ae%ba%e4%ba%ba%e8%a2%ab%e5%ae%b3%e8%80%85%e9%81%ba%e6%97%8f%e3%81%ae%e4%bc%9a/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 人権のための殺人被害者遺族の会（ＭＶＦＨＲ）は、2004年の国際人権デーに、死刑に反対し、米国および世界中で幅広く講演活動を行っている被害者遺族のグループによって設立されました。私たちのメンバーが死刑に反対する理由は様々ですが、死刑はあらゆる法的・倫理的基準に違反しているという確信において一致しています。「いかなる場合であっても死刑には反対する」という方であれば、どのような遺族の方であれ~殺人事件、死刑執行、超法規的な殺害行為そして「失踪」の被害者家族~、ＭＶＦＨＲの会員になることができます [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.mvfhr.org/sites/default/files/MVFHR%20brochure%20Japa%20folding%20ver-2.pdf ) [1118] => Array ( [objectID] => 5523 [title] => Italian : Famiglie Delle Vittime Di Omicidio Per I Diritti Umani [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-famiglie-delle-vittime-di-omicidio-per-i-diritti-umani/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In tutto il mondo, coloro che sopravvivono alle vittime di omicidi sono in genere considerati a favore della pena capitale. Si presume che le esecuzioni vadano incontro al bisogno dei superstiti di giustizia, e di porre fine ad una vicenda. Opporsi alla pena di morte, è spesso visto come un andare contro alla vittima. Attraverso le loro dichiarazioni, le testimonianze e il materiale educativo, i membri dell’associazione fanno sapere ai responsabili della vita politica, e al grande pubblico, che è possibile essere sia a favore delle vittime che contro la pena di morte. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.mvfhr.org/sites/default/files/pdf/Italianbrochure.pdf ) [1119] => Array ( [objectID] => 5529 [title] => German : Über Verbrechen und Strafen [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-uber-verbrechen-und-strafen/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Im Sommer des Jahres 1764 erschien in Livorno im Großherzogtum Toskana, das damals zum Habsburger Reich gehörte, ohne Namen des Verfassers ein schmales Buch von eben hundert Seiten über Verbrechen und Strafen: 'Dei Delitti e delle Pene'. Das Titelblatt gab einen Satz Bacons wieder, der besagen sollte, daß der Zweck, dem dieses Buch diente, nicht sofort und mit einem Male zu erreichen sei, doch an die Beständigkeit und Festigkeit seiner Propagierung der Erfolg sich knüpfen werde. Cesare Beccaria (geboren am 15. März 1738 in Mailand, gestorben am 28. November 1794 ebendort) bestritt in dieser Abhandlung den Sinn der Todesstrafe und verfocht soziale Bedingungen, die Verbrechen einschränken müßten. Es war dies der erste wahrhaft unabhängige und von Rücksichten freie literarische Ausdruck der Aufklärung im Reich der Kaiserin Maria Theresia. Die vorliegende Neuübersetzung folgt der letzten Ausgabe Beccarias von 1766 und bringt im Anhang Texte aus der zeitgenössischen Diskussion.'Mißhandlung und Folter, all das Furchtbare wurde entweder tatsächlich beseitigt oder in den Strafprozessen aller Staaten wenigstens abgemildert; und dies ist das Werk nur eines Buches.' [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.de/%C3%9Cber-Verbrechen-Strafen-Cesare-Beccaria/dp/3458338667/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1295269206&sr=8-2 ) [1120] => Array ( [objectID] => 5530 [title] => Italian : Dei delitti e delle pene-Consulte criminali [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-dei-delitti-e-delle-pene-consulte-criminali/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 'Dei delitti e delle pene' è il testo da cui nasce la moderna criminalistica. Non è un trattato di giurisprudenza; è piuttosto un pamphlet, un libretto coraggioso, liberissimo", nel quale "in massa le idee tutte si aggirano, e cospirano in vari punti di vista, che formano una grand'opera", come ebbe a scrivere Alessandro Verri. Filosofo, economista e illustre letterato di metà Settecento, Beccaria spera che dall'aspra battaglia contro le istituzioni esistenti possa nascere un nuovo ordine, la cui affermazione è legata alla forza di espressione delle esigenze di progresso. "Le Consulte criminali" affrontano invece con impeto i temi della pena di morte, della prevenzione del crimine e delle condizioni di vita e di assistenza nelle carceri. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.it/delitti-delle-pene-Consulte-criminali-grandi/dp/8811363403 ) [1121] => Array ( [objectID] => 5506 [title] => Portuguese : Instruções: FORMULÁRIO PARA APRESENTAR PETIÇÃO SOBREVIOLAÇÕES DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/portuguese-instrucoes-formulario-para-apresentar-peticao-sobreviolacoes-dos-direitos-humanos/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => O formulário que se segue foi preparado pela Secretaria Executiva da CIDH e se destina a facilitar a apresentação de petições referentes a violações dos direitos humanos praticadas por Estados membros da OEA, denunciadas pelas vítimas de tais violações, por seus familiares, organizações da sociedade civil ou outras pessoas. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.cidh.oas.org/cidh_apps/instructions.asp?gc_language=P ) [1122] => Array ( [objectID] => 5415 [title] => : [timestamp] => 1599523200 [date] => 08/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/5415-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Marshall Islands ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => ) [1123] => Array ( [objectID] => 4996 [title] => Second Optional Protocol: An irreversible mechanism for abolishing the death penalty” – Denys Robiliard [timestamp] => 1599436800 [date] => 07/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/second-optional-protocol-an-irreversible-mechanism-for-abolishing-the-death-penalty-denys-robiliard/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Denys Robiliard, a lawyer and former president of Amnesty International's French section, details why the Second Optional protocol to the UN's ICCPR is an crucial instrument to push the abolition of the death penalty worldwide. [texte] => What is the importance and particularity of the Second Optional Protocol in terms of international law ?To start with, it is the only international instrument with universal authority that abolishes the death penalty. There is a possible reservation but it is limited to both military crimes and crimes committed during war (1). This reservation is more significant than the one in Protocol 6 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (2). The other main feature of Protocol 2 is that, following the example of the ICCPR, the Protocol cannot be denounced; once it has been ratified by a state party, the position cannot be reversed. It is an irreversible mechanism for abolishing the death penalty.The 3rd World Congress was an opportunity to observe the current situation as regards ratification of Protocol 2 in a number of countries. What lessons can we learn from Cambodia’s situation (3) for instance ?Firstly, the ratification issue is specific to each country. The work done by the Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defence of Human Rights in preparation for the Congress was very interesting in terms of the methods it used. It carried out a comprehensive analysis of all the possible obstacles to ratification at both government and parliamentary levels. One of its conclusions was that the relationship between Cambodia and the international community is presently dominated by a quasi-power struggle over the trial of former Khmer Rouge members, making any measure which promotes international law to a greater or lesser degree difficult.However, identifying the obstacles is a first step towards finding ways to overcome them. We now have to identify the people and arguments that will convince Cambodia that the trial of Khmer Rouge members is not connected to the issue of the death penalty. Cambodia is an abolitionist country and there is no reason why a dispute regarding international criminal law should delay ratification of Protocol 2.Liberia has abolished the death penalty through ratification of Protocol 2. Following their example, would it not be desirable to focus diplomatic efforts on signing Protocol 2 rather than promoting a moratorium ?Firstly, there are countries where it is difficult to see why a moratorium would be called for since they are already de facto abolitionists. In many African countries for instance, the death penalty is provided for in the criminal codes, which are inspired from the old colonial codes, but not applied. Protocol 2 perfectly suits their situation: if they do not plan to re-establish the death penalty in practice, why not ask them to make an international commitment not to do so? For abolition activists like us, it is obviously a precious tool. De facto abolition is a dangerous situation for those condemned to death by the countries concerned who remain on death row and whose situation can change radically overnight.Why is ratification of Protocol 2 important in countries which have already abolished the death penalty ?It is a similar situation. Why do we campaign for ratification of Protocol 2? Because it is essential to have a safety net at international level. It is very easy to re-establish the death penalty: one law can undo another. We know that in a crisis situation the death penalty can be re-introduced. Members of parliament in abolitionist countries must be convinced that, even if capital punishment has already been outlawed in domestic law, they must make an international, irreversible commitment to abolition.France recently revised its Constitution to allow for ratification of Protocol 2. What do you think of this decision ?The French attitude is even more important. Over and above making it possible to ratify Protocol 2, enshrining the right to life and the prohibition of capital punishment in constitutional law is per se extremely important and exemplary. France should now continue to serve as an example by ratifying Protocol 2.1. Editor’s note :This reservation is admissible only if the relevant provisions already exist in the national legislation of the state party and if the reservation is taken at the time of ratification or accession.2. Editor’s note :Protocol n°6 to the ECPHRFF forbids the death penalty “in peacetime” . Protocol n° 13 of 2002 on the other hand abolishes the death penalty “in all circumstances.3. Cambodia abolished the death penalty in 1989 but has not yet signed Protocol 2. It is one of the countries targeted in the WCADP’s campaign for ratification of Protocol 2. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1124] => Array ( [objectID] => 4254 [title] => Recent US Federal Executions Raise Ethical and Political Issues [timestamp] => 1599004800 [date] => 02/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/recent-us-federal-executions-raise-ethical-and-political-issues/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b787e3ab952c58eca55b4d739d3904dd_2-1.jpg [extrait] => Two more federal executions were carried out at the end of August in the United States of America. The abolitionist movement in the United States denounces human rights violations, challenges the cost of the death penalty in this time of crisis and even opposes its disrespect for tribal sovereignity. [texte] => At the end of August, two additional federal executions were rapidly carried out in the US Penitentiary of Terre Haute, in the United States, bringing the total number of people executed by the federal government to five since federal executions resumed in mid-July 2020. No federal execution has been carried out since Louis Jones was put to death in 2003. This means that the American administration ordered more executions in the past month than in the 1988-2003 period that followed the restoration of the federal death penalty in 1988, after a short moratorium ruled by the Supreme Court.As a member of the Navajo Nation, Lezmond Mitchell, executed on 26 August 2020, was the sole Amerindian person on death row in the United Sates. Navajo’s President Jonathan Vez and Vice President Myron Lizer reaffirmed the opposition of the Navajo Nation to capital punishment, which is considered contrary to Navajo culture and tradition. Denouncing an “affront” to its tribal sovereignty, the Navajo Nation called on the United States government to commute Lezmond Mitchell’s sentence. The National Congress of American Indians and many tribal governments had also joined in this unsuccessful call.Keith Nelson, executed on 28 August 2020, was temporally granted a stay from a judge who challenged the lethal injection procedure. According to his lawyers, his conviction should have considered important mitigating circumstances related to Nelson’s mental health. He was also denied his right to effective legal counsel, his lawyers added.Opposition to the death penalty in the United Sates, however, progressively takes root through many mobilizations. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the American Civil Liberties Foundation have filed a lawsuit against the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), asking it to disclose the cost of federal executions while the COVID-19 outbreak remains a serious matter of concern in the country. They both question the use of taxpayer dollars in this time of economic and health crisis to resume executions that could further spread the virus.Questioning the legal and constitutional basis of the recent executions, Death Penalty Action also shared an online petition, signed by the World Coalition, that calls on the United States Congress to further investigate potential violations that arise, as well as to vote on the abolition of federal capital punishment. Wesley Purkey’s autopsy, executed on 16 July 2020, recently revealed pulmonary edema causing “excruciating pain”, broadening the debate over whether the death penalty is a cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, which is prohibited by the Eight Amendment of the Constitution.For the upcoming 2020 World Day Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition draws attention to the right to defence and to the dignity of convicted people at every step of criminal proceedings in capital cases. While advocating for the unconditional abolition of capital punishment, the World Coalitions encourages every claim and means to challenge or restrict the application of the death penalty as a first – and often essential – step to its end. For one less death sentence is one human life saved, pending final and universal abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Intellectual Disability [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1125] => Array ( [objectID] => 4255 [title] => Expanded Ban on Death Penalty for Intellectually Disabled People in California [timestamp] => 1598918400 [date] => 01/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/expanded-ban-on-death-penalty-for-intellectually-disabled-people-in-california-2/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1c462ead699305fa1977cc8fb2f06a25_2-1-500x334.jpg [extrait] => The California State Legislature extended the ban on capital punishment for intellectually disabled people [texte] => The California State Legislature extended the ban on capital punishment for intellectually disabled people. Until now, California law makes illegal to sentence to death anyone whose intellectual disability has been determined before they turn 18 years of age. This new legislation removes this threshold and will prohibit intellectually disabled people from being sentenced to death if mental health experts prove that their impairment began during their brain development period.This law now has to be presented to Gov. Gavin Newsom. As an opponent to capital punishment, he decreed a moratorium on executions in 2019.According to Amnesty International’s last report on death sentences and executions in 2019, “people with mental or intellectual disabilities” are facing the death penalty in the USA, as well as in Japan, Maldives and Pakistan, in violation of international human rights standards. According to Amnesty International, California has the biggest population on death row in the USA.(Source: Los Angeles Times) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Intellectual Disability ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1126] => Array ( [objectID] => 4256 [title] => Saudi Arabia Reviews Death Sentences Issues Against Children [timestamp] => 1598918400 [date] => 01/09/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/saudi-arabia-reviews-death-sentences-issued-against-children/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0bc5c6bfbb447a59a54f17fb9c3dd5bd_2-1-500x334.jpg [extrait] => According to the Saudi Human Rights Commission, the death sentence issued against Ali al-Nimr, Dawoud al-Marhoun and Abdullah al-Zaher will be reviewed in accordance with reforms decreed in the Kingdom in April on juvenile criminal justice. [texte] => Saudi Human Rights Commission announced, on 26 August 2020, that Public Prosecution would review the death sentences issued against Ali al-Nimr, Dawoud al-Marhoun and Abdullah al-Zaher. Convicted for terrorism but minors at the time of the offense, the latter would benefit from recent criminal justice reforms introduced by a royal decree in April 2020 aiming at the abolition of the death penalty against juveniles.Saudi law now provides that minors can be sentenced to no more than 10 years in prison and serve their sentence in a juvenile facility. Reforms enacted by this decree entered into force retroactively. When the decree was published, questions had however been raised on loopholes in Saudi Kingdom's promise to halt death sentences against children.(Source : Saudi Human Rights Commission) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1127] => Array ( [objectID] => 9075 [title] => Report No. 211/20. Case 13.570. Report on admissibility and mertis. Lezmond C. Mitchell. United States of America [timestamp] => 1598227200 [date] => 24/08/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-no-211-20-case-13-570-report-on-admissibility-and-mertis-lezmond-c-mitchell-united-states-of-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => On April 3, 2017, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights received a petition and request for precautionary measures submitted by Hilary Potashner, Federal Public Defender, and Gia Kim and Jonathan C. Aminoff, Deputy Federal Public Defenders, alleging the international responsibility of the United States of America for the violation of the rights of Lezmond M. Mitchell, a citizen of the United States and a member of the Navajo Nation, who is on federal death row. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/2020/USAD13570EN.pdf ) [1128] => Array ( [objectID] => 4257 [title] => Reorienting Drug Policy in Indonesia towards the Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals [timestamp] => 1596672000 [date] => 06/08/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/reorienting-drug-policy-in-indonesia-towards-the-achievement-of-the-sustainable-development-goals/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f8ac4d07779ad2c26daf09d9150cde55_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => Indonesian not-for-profit organization LBH Masyarakat, Reprieve, and the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs recently published a report that reframes the drug problem and corresponding policy action in light of the country’s commitment to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report argues that the drug policies currently in place in Indonesia must be re-evaluated in such a way that tackles poverty and inequality and prioritizes support for those who are “left behind”, and put an end to its current punitive strategies. [texte] => In their latest published report, LHB Masyarakat, Reprieve, and the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs shed light on the lack of coherence between Indonesia’s national campaign to eradicate illicit drugs and its firm commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).In September 2015, member states of the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with Indonesia as one of the key actors that helped formulate its framework and pursue its adoption at the global level. Apart from this, the country also aligned an ambitious 5-year development program with the SDGs and sought out numerous efforts to improve the quality of life and upgrade its public health and social welfare infrastructure. True to the SDGs, Indonesia focused on those who are “left behind” by putting an emphasis on the development of the welfare of poorer citizens and those living in remote regions.However, despite its commitment to the SDGs, Indonesia uses a strategy against illicit drugs that has impeded development, fueled poverty, aggravated inequalities, and caused more harm to citizens than over the drugs it has tried to control. A law passed in 1976 adopted strict penalties for drug offences, including the death penalty, and a basic rehabilitation framework, which faces significant challenges in implementation at present. The current Long-Term National Development Plan (RPJPN) 2020-2024 frames illicit drugs as a threat to national security but has largely ignored the socioeconomic implications of having punitive drug control measures in place, and has also failed to couple such measures with investments in evidence-based health and social services.As a result, despite the considerable cost of the drug control strategy in Indonesia, levels of drug availability and use have been at an all-time high. Drug control efforts have led to numerous problems in the country’s penal system, including overcrowding in prisons, the poor provision of health services and rehabilitation programs, and the disproportionate handing of the death penalty for offenders. The number of individuals sentenced with the death penalty in relation to drug-related offenses has increased in the years after the adoption of the 2030 Agenda, running contrary to the SDGs’ aims to uphold the right to life, decrease violence, and protect fundamental freedoms, and uphold a peaceful and just society.Furthermore, individuals who are punished for drug use are unable to pay for legal services and are more likely to be deprived of access to justice. In 2015, out of 42 death penalty cases, 11 defendants were deprived of legal counsel in the police investigation and court proceedings. The ones who are “left behind” – those who are poor, vulnerable, mentally impaired, or subject to discrimination due to their skin – are disproportionately given the death sentence, many of which are arbitrarily handed down and are based on unreliable data and assumptions that are not borne out of evidence.The SDGs cannot be achieved when national policies enable injustice, fuel violence, drive poverty and inequality, and stigmatize disadvantaged groups. Drug policies must not undermine the SDGs but instead contribute to their achievement. With only ten years left to fulfill the 2030 Agenda, Indonesia should take the opportunity to reaffirm its commitment to the SDGs by abolishing the death penalty and adopting a fair, well-rounded, and human rights-based approach to its pervasive drug problem. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1129] => Array ( [objectID] => 4258 [title] => Sudan Repeals Capital Punishment for Homosexuality [timestamp] => 1596153600 [date] => 31/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sudan-repeals-capital-punishment-for-homosexuality/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a5811b1ab62c1621f885b714650e2a57_2-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Sudan repealed the death penalty for homosexuality and apostasy [texte] => On 9 July 2020, the Sudan's Sovereign Council approved legislative amendments substantially reforming the Sudanese justice system. The death penalty was repealed for certain crimes, including apostasy – consisting in renunciation of a religion – and gay sex. However, the latter remains a criminal offense punishable with prison sentences.Capital punishment was also abolished for children and persons over 70 years of age.(source: Bedayaa) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sudan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1130] => Array ( [objectID] => 4259 [title] => The ACHPR Moves Online, along with Advocacy to End Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1596067200 [date] => 30/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-achpr-moves-online-along-with-advocacy-to-end-capital-punishment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/df90a4637750e1ee525d17575deacf52_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => Adapting to the restrictions that the COVID-19 pandemic has placed on physical gatherings, the NGO Forum and following 66th ACHPR Session (African Commission on Human and People’s Rights) were held via Zoom videoconference on 9-10 July and 13 July – 07 August, 2020, respectively. [texte] => As much of the world continues to battle the coronavirus pandemic, the ACHPR (the African Union’s human rights branch) decided to hold their 66th Ordinary Session via online platform Zoom from Monday 13 July to Friday 7 August 2020. This marks the first time the ACHPR has met for a session through a virtual space. Despite the novelty of the situation, there was still space for civil society organizations to interact. Prior to the opening ceremony of the session, the World Coalition, and six member organizations with the ACHPR observer status, submitted an oral declaration regarding the death penalty on the African continent and the COVID-19 pandemic. While there were no panels planned during the sessions, as there usually are, each thematic working group within the ACHPR presented an activity report of work done since the previous session. The Working Group on the Death Penalty, Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Killings and Enforced Disappearances in Africa was amongst those whose report was presented. Likewise, the African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies also held their NGO Forum for civil society prior to the ordinary session on the 9th and 10th July 2020. Set up to allow for civil society organizations to make the most of the upcoming session, the Forum allowed for the meeting of special interest groups, of which a group dedicated to the discussion of the death penalty on the African continent.Given the nature of this ordinary session, there was no training opportunity provided to World Coalition members on how to advocate with the ACHPR mechanism. Nevertheless, a training manual was developed by the World Coalition for NGOs, How to Work with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights for the Abolition of the Death Penalty and launched in March 2020. Available digitally, this guide provides the foundation of advocacy work with this human rights mechanism.Photo Credit: WCADP- ACHPR 65th Ordinary Session, in April 2019, Egypt. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1131] => Array ( [objectID] => 4260 [title] => US Federal Executions Resume [timestamp] => 1595894400 [date] => 28/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/us-federal-executions-resume/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/698a9d208b6f5cd6b7da50e0e68e00b0_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => It has been 17 years since the United States decided on a de facto moratorium on federal executions, which can be carried out only for certain federal criminal offences. This moratorium, however, ended in July. [texte] => It has been 17 years since the United States decided on a de facto moratorium on federal executions, which can be carried out only for certain federal criminal offences. This moratorium, however, ended in July. Attorney General William Barr ordered the resumption of federal executions beginning July 25th, 2019 – the first ones to be carried out since 2003. Just one year later, on July 14th, 2020, the Trump Administration put Daniel Lewis Lee to death by lethal injection after many judicial twists and turns. In the end, three federal executions were carried out in the same week.In the early hours of July 14th, the United States Supreme Court finally ruled 5-1 to overturn a federal court’s decision that ordered to stay Lee’s execution – this court had argued that the product used to kill him may cause great suffering. In an interview with The Associated Press, William Barr explained that his Department has a duty to lead all sentences to completion on behalf of the victims. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and the abolitionist community strongly oppose such an argument, given that capital punishment offers neither closure nor a sense of justice. Among the parties who called for a federal court stay of Lee’s execution also included family members of Lee’s victims, who rather asked judges to sentence him to life imprisonment. The death penalty is a cruel punishment that only creates suffering as Daniel Lewis Lee’s attorney revealed in her testimony: “Over the four hours it took for this reckless and relentless government to pursue these ends, Daniel Lewis Lee remained strapped to a gurney: a mere 31 minutes after a court of appeals lifted the last impediment to his execution at the federal government's urging, while multiple motions remained pending, and without notice to counsel, he was executed.”Two days later, Wesley Purkey was also executed after a court of appeals refused to hear his claim, mentioning that his lawyers engaged in “procedural gamesmanship” by filing for appeal in several courts. The next day, the administration gruesomely carried out a third federal execution by killing Dustin Lee Honken. A fourth execution is scheduled to take place by the end of August.The end of the federal moratorium is a terrible ordeal for the abolitionist trend in the United States, which is the only State in the Americas that continues to conduct executions. Federal executions are contrary to the promising progress the United States made in 2019 after New Hampshire abolished the death penalty and after the Governor of California established a moratorium within the US State with the biggest death row population. This positive trend towards abolition then continued in 2020, after Colorado abolished the death penalty in March, making it the 22nd State to repeal capital punishment.The way federal executions resumed does echo to the 2020 World Day Against the Death Penalty, which the World Coalition has dedicated to the right to effective legal representation. Enjoying legal representation at all stages of criminal proceedings – until the very last claim before the Supreme Court, for instance – is a fundamental right. Wesley Prukey, 68, executed on July 16th, had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and, according to his lawyers, did not understand why he had been sentenced to death. The technical nature of the numerous judicial claims that put Lee’s final moments on hold only makes this right more vital. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1132] => Array ( [objectID] => 4261 [title] => Call for tenders for printing, design and layout services [timestamp] => 1594080000 [date] => 07/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-tenders-for-printing-design-and-layout-services/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition requires contracts for printing, design and layout services, visibility items and reprography for any publications that may be required, in addition to materials that may be required with these features. [texte] => The World Coalition requires contracts for printing, design and layout services, visibility items and reprography for any publications that may be required, in addition to materials that may be required with these features. In addition, the World Coalition reserves the right to solicit any products and/or quantities different from those listed, in response to need, and in some cases a specific design will be required. All communication products generated must respect the image of the World Coalition.According to the internal procedure of the World Coalition, the recruiting body will be, depending on the size of the contract and in accordance with Article 3 Internal Financial Control, the Steering Committee.I. Description of the services requieredThe World Coalition is looking for a company with experience at the international and national level, developing communication materials for international and civil society organizations. The selected company must be able to:• Provide innovative designs that can transmit clear messages • Support the World Coalition's visual identity• Producing high quality work at a good value for money • Meeting the World Coalition's communication and visibility needs• Efficiently produce the required products and deliver them in a timely manner to the World Coalition Secretariat in Montreuil, France.This document provides an overview of the different types of products that the World Coalition wishes to produce. Product specifications (type, size, color, etc.) will vary according to changing needs and the demand expressed in the implementation of the World Coalition's activities by its partners.The services required are described in FOUR LOTS which are attached as annexes to this document. Tenderers are free to position themselves on one or more lots:• LOT 1: Printing services (Brochures, posters, catalogues, etc.)• LOT 2: Layout of publications• LOT 3: Graphic Design• LOT 4: Merchandising and Promotional ItemsII. Duration of the contractThe service will be provided for a period of one year from the date of signature of the contract, renewable three times. This extension will be automatic, if no notice is given at least fifteen days before the end.The World Coalition reserves the right to terminate the contract at any time if it is not satisfied with the service provided.III. Delivery and billingDelivery of products will be primarily to the World Coalition's headquarters in Montreuil, but delivery may also be required to other locations. The company to which the contract is awarded undertakes to respect the delivery date agreed for each order, assuming responsibility in the event of any delay.Invoicing will be made to the name of: World Coalition Against the Death Penalty SIRET: 51987869800025 for work/service performed, per month due. The amount will vary depending on the services or supplies requested throughout the contract, the World Coalition's prior approval and the submission of an invoice by the selected tenderer, specifying the actions carried out throughout the month and the type of service provided (printing, design or distribution of items).Payment will be made by bank transfer within a period not exceeding thirty days from the presentation of the invoice.IV. SubcontractingIn the event that activities covered by this contract should be subcontracted by the awarded tenderer, the awarded tenderer shall be liable to the World Coalition for the actions of the subcontracted individual or legal entity in all areas, including quality of service, delivery time, completion, obligations related to data and information processing, and compliance by the subcontracted company with its social and tax obligations.V. Evaluation criteriaThe evaluation of the proposals submitted will be based on the economic and technical offer according to the following criteria:• Economic proposal: 40 points • Technical proposal: 60 pointsFor the weighting, the highest score will be given, for each of the criteria, to the best offer in this area. The other tenderers will be given a proportional score in accordance with that offer. VI. Ownership of the workWork done under any of the headings will be the property of the World Coalition.The selected contractor may not use for itself or provide to third parties any of the work contracted for, or publish, in whole or in part, the contents of the work without the written permission of the Coalition. In all cases, the selected tenderer will be liable for any damages that may result from failure to comply with this obligation.VII. Submission of proposalsInterested applicants meeting the requirements set out in these terms of reference may send their offer by email to Carlos Valera (cvalera@worldcoalition.org) before 17 July 2020.Interested suppliers can obtain further information at the above contact address. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1133] => Array ( [objectID] => 18301 [title] => The Culture of Capital Punishment in Japan [timestamp] => 1593820800 [date] => 04/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-culture-of-capital-punishment-in-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Japan retains the death penalty for three main reasons: because it missed a major opportunity for abolition in the postwar Occupation, because of the long hegemony of the (conservative) Liberal Democratic Party, and because (like the United States and China) it has sufficient size, economic influence, and political clout to enable it to defy human rights norms. Capital punishment also persists in Japan because it performs welcome functions for politicians, prosecutors, media, and the public.Despite widespread belief to the contrary, capital punishment in Japan does not deter homicide better than long terms of imprisonment do. [texte] => The Culture of CapitalPunishment in JapanDavid T. JohnsonUniversity of Hawaii at MānoaHonolulu, HI, USAPalgrave Advances in Criminology and Criminal Justice in AsiaISBN 978-3-030-32085-0 ISBN 978-3-030-32086-7 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32086-7This title was first published in Japanese by Iwanami Shinsho, 2019 as “アメリカ人のみた日本の死刑”. [Amerikajin no Mita Nihon no Shikei]© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020. This book is an open accesspublication.Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, distributionand reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to theoriginal author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license andindicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under thislicense to share adapted material derived from this book or parts of it.The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s CreativeCommons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If materialis not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is notpermitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtainpermission directly from the copyright holder.This work is subject to copyright. All commercial rights are reserved by the author(s),whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation,reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or inany other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronicadaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known orhereafter developed. Regarding these commercial rights a non-exclusive license has beengranted to the publisher.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names areexempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice andinformation in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied,with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may havebeen made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in publishedmaps and institutional affiliations.Cover credit: Alamy ACTG0FThis Palgrave Pivot imprint is published by the registered company Springer NatureSwitzerland AGThe registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, SwitzerlandvPrefaceIn July 2018, 13 former members of Aum Shinrikyo were executed inJapan, including Asahara Shoko, the guru of the new religion whosecrimes killed at least 29 people and injured 6500 more. Aum’s offenseswere as heinous as any the country has seen. There was the premeditatedslaughter of attorney Sakamoto Tsutsumi, his wife Satoko, andtheir infant son Tatsuhiko in Yokohama in 1989. There was the saringas attack in Matsumoto in 1994, which targeted judges overseeing alawsuit involving Aum, and which killed eight people and injured morethan 500. And there was Japan’s crime of the century: a terrorist attackin which five coordinated releases of sarin gas in the Tokyo subway onMarch 20, 1995 killed 12 and injured more than 5500—and which (butfor a bit of luck) could have killed many thousands.No one was surprised when those Aum killers were condemned todeath. In February 2004, I interviewed 30 of the people gathered on thesidewalks around the Tokyo District Court where Asahara was about tobe sentenced to death. Everyone received the same question: “If Asaharais convicted, what sentence do you think is appropriate?” The ensuingconversations lasted six hours, with all but one respondent concludingthat this serial killer deserved to die. The exception was an office ladywho said she preferred a life sentence because “death would be too easyfor him.”Fourteen years after Asahara was condemned to death, few Japaneseobjected when he and 12 of his henchman were hanged. Soon afterthose executions, Murakami Haruki (a well-known Japanese novelist)published an essay in a national newspaper which built on his movingaccounts of the subway gas attacks that had been published two decadesearlier.1 In this essay, Murakami noted that “as a general argument, Iadopt a stance of opposition toward the death penalty” but then said “Icannot publicly state, as far as this case is concerned, ‘I am opposed tothe death penalty’,” because he had acquired “a painful awareness of thefeelings of some bereaved families.”2By arguing that he opposes capital punishment but not in this case,Murakami is articulating a sensibility—the death penalty is “unavoidable”(yamu o enai)—that is ubiquitous in Japan’s culture of capital punishment.Prosecutors use this expression to explain their charge decisions,to justify their demands for a death sentence, and to persuade Ministersof Justice to sign death warrants. Victims and survivors use it to lobby forthe ultimate punishment. Reporters and editors use it to forecast capitaloutcomes and to interpret death sentences. Judges and lay judges useit—often—to explain and justify the death sentences they impose. AndJapan’s government uses it to ask citizens whether they support capitalpunishment (a typical survey question asks “Do you agree that the deathpenalty is unavoidable in some cases?”). The “unavoidable” expressionsimultaneously suggests that the death penalty “cannot be helped” andthat the speaker is ambivalent about this purportedly “inescapable” outcome.The reservations wrapped in the expression suggest that Japanesecapital punishment continues to operate because agents of the state(prosecutors, judges, politicians) and citizen-onlookers represent themselves,to themselves and others, as cogs in a machine over which theyhave little control.Sociologically speaking, the view that capital punishment is“unavoidable” is a fiction—but it is a fiction that performs importantfunctions. Claims that capital punishment “cannot be helped” providecomfort and deniability, both to those who participate in state killing,and to those who support and acquiesce to it. In this way, the linguisticformula reflects “bad faith” of the kind lamented by philosophers and1Murakami’s books Andaguraundo (Kodansha, 1997) and Yakusoku Sareta Bashode (Bungei Shunjusha, 1998) were published in English as Underground: The Tokyo GasAttack and the Japanese Psyche (Vintage, 2000).2Murakami Haruki, “AUM Shinrikyo Cases Still Not Closed”, The Mainichi, July 29,2018, at https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20180729/p2a/00m/0na/004000c.vi PREFACEsociologists, for it “pretends something is necessary that in fact is voluntary.”3 The frequent use of this fiction also illustrates how Japan’s deathpenalty is kept “smothered under padded words,” which modern societiesfrequently do in order to discourage debate about the subject.4Systems of capital punishment ask normal people to perform extraordinary,prohibited acts—acts of bureaucratic, premeditated killing.5 Tofacilitate such acts, and to foster support for this form of state killing,Japan’s culture of capital punishment provides a handy linguistic mechanismof moral disengagement. By framing capital punishment as “inevitableand unavoidable” (yamu o enai), this fiction disavows personalresponsibility while lubricating the machinery of death and legitimatingexecutions. In this era of abolition, when it has become increasingly difficultto defend capital punishment, these are noteworthy functions.Many Japanese observers believe the Aum executions are exemplary,because the death penalty was “properly” imposed and “properly” carriedout for murderous acts of breathtaking wickedness, and becausethe agony and anger of victims and survivors demanded that the ultimatepenalty be paid. In these respects, the Aum executions give us aglimpse of the death penalty at its most legitimate. But on closer inspection,these executions—the best-case scenario for Japanese capital punishment—are deeply problematic. To wit:• The Aum executions foreclosed many avenues for learning the truthabout how promising young scientists became hardened killers.• The executions leave lasting questions about why Hayashi Ikuo—the Aum executive who hoped to kill hundreds by releasing saringas on the Chiyoda subway line—escaped the ultimate punishment(he received a sentence of life imprisonment). Did his killings notqualify as the “worst of the worst”?• The Aum executions failed to create “closure” for victims and survivors.For those whose bodies and souls have been brutalized,3Peter L. Berger, Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective (Anchor Books,1963), p. 143.4Albert Camus, “Reflections on the Guillotine”, in Resistance, Rebellion, and Death(Vintage, 1960), p. 178.5Craig Haney, Death by Design: Capital Punishment as a Social Psychological System(Oxford University Press, 2005), p. x.PREFACE viia renewed sense of meaning and connection will only come (if itcomes at all) from outside the law—from attachments with otherpeople.• The executions, which took place 23 years after the last Aumoffenses, hardly send a credible message of deterrence to potentialoffenders who (research shows) are far more sensitive to the certaintyand speed of punishment than to its severity.• The executions leave lingering doubt about important legal issues,including the mental health of Asahara, who drooled and defecatedon himself for years preceding his hanging, and whose appeal wasnever heard by Japan’s Supreme Court.6• The executions and the narrow [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-32086-7 ) [1134] => Array ( [objectID] => 4262 [title] => Call for actions on World Day in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1593561600 [date] => 01/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-actions-on-world-day-in-the-philippines/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/93eec14a2974404b688b9e2506ef54a7_2-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its 14 international member organizations active in the Philippines, the Maldives and Turkey are part of a joint project which aims to combat the resurgence of the death penalty, particularly in the aforementioned three countries at risk. [texte] => Every year, the World Coalition organizes the World Day Against the Death Penalty every October 10. It sends packages to all its members and partners containing all the tools and materials prepared for World Day. At the same time, it suggests actions to be organized and a mobilization kit with indications on how to organize events. For the second year, for the 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition and its partners would like to grant targeted financial support to local civil society organizations in the Philippines to encourage joint actions to celebrate the World Day and thus increase their impact. To do so, we are launching a call for actions for World Day and will help finance activities with a small grant of EUR 2,000. Please note that the World Coalition small grants offer will follow the terms and conditions imposed by the French Development Agency (AFD) and the European Union. How to apply? Please submit by email to car2020@worldcoalition.org your project proposal composed of:- this application form in Word format- your organization’s By-laws (if you are a legal entity)- your organization’s most recent activity report Submission Deadline: Proposals must be submitted by 9 August 2020, midnight CEST (Paris-time). Indicative Timetable: - 9 August 2020: Deadline for submission of proposals- 10-14 August 2020: Evaluation and selection process- 17-21 August: Communication on the selection of 2020 beneficiaries - 21 August-6 September: Signature of an agreement with beneficiariesPayment will be sent in instalments: 80% for the first and 20% for the second. The first instalment will be made at the beginning of the contract and the second after receiving the final reporting and all invoices (any expense without receipt/invoice will not be eligible) - 10 September 2020-February 2021: Implementation period (determined by the length of the proposed project)- Reporting: Submitted within one month after the end of the selected project, the latest 10 March 2021For more information or questions on the application please contact car2020@worldcoalition.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1135] => Array ( [objectID] => 4263 [title] => Call for actions on World Day in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean States [timestamp] => 1593561600 [date] => 01/07/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-actions-on-world-day-in-barbados-and-the-eastern-caribbean-states/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7a00903f6a2dc4aaa0607e23f97dc22b_2-1.jpg [extrait] => The Greater Caribbean For Life (GCL) and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty are part of a joint project, led by The Death Penalty Project and funded by the European Union, which aims to create a platform for death penalty reform in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, leading to eventual abolition [texte] => The Greater Caribbean For Life (GCL) and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (the World Coalition) are part of a joint project, led by The Death Penalty Project and funded by the European Union, which aims to create a platform for death penalty reform in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, leading to eventual abolition. In the framework of this project, GCL and the World Coalition want to support a civil society movement for the abolition of the death penalty in Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent & the Grenadines.To do so, they are launching a call for actions on the issue of the death penalty and will help finance activities lasting between 3 – 6 months with small grants from EUR 1,000 to EUR 3,000 (EC Dollar: 3,175 – 9,525 or BBD: 2,350 – 7,050). Please note that the small grants offer will follow the terms and conditions imposed by the European Union.How to apply? Please submit by email to ecs@worldcoalition.org your project proposal composed by:- this application form in Word format- your by-laws (if you are a legal entity)- your last two activity reports Submission Deadline: Proposals must be submitted by 19 August 2020, midnight Barbados time (UTC-4 / Atlantic Standard Time). Indicative Timetable: - 19 August 2020: Deadline for submission of proposals- 24-28 August 2020: Evaluation and selection process- 31 August: Communication on the selection of 2020 beneficiaries - September: Signature of an agreement with beneficiariesPayment will be sent in instalments: 80% for the first and 20% for the second. The first instalment will be made at the beginning of the contract and the second after receiving the final reporting and all invoices (any expense without receipt/invoice will not be eligible) - 10 September 2020–February 2021: Implementation period (determined by the length of the proposed project)- Reporting: Submitted within one month after the end of the selected project, the latest 10 March 2021For more information: please contact ecs@worldcoalition.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1136] => Array ( [objectID] => 2944 [title] => homepage [timestamp] => 1593475200 [date] => 30/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1137] => Array ( [objectID] => 2905 [title] => Library [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/resources/library/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The online library contains over 2,000 resources on the death penalty identified by the World Coalition since the beginning of the 21st century, in over 15 languages. Except for documents published by the World Coalition, the library links to external resources, which do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Coalition. To report a […] [texte] => The online library contains over 2,000 resources on the death penalty identified by the World Coalition since the beginning of the 21st century, in over 15 languages.Except for documents published by the World Coalition, the library links to external resources, which do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Coalition. To report a missing document or a broken link, please contact us.Find out more about the Resource center [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1138] => Array ( [objectID] => 2904 [title] => The Death Penalty Worldwide [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/resources/the-death-penalty-worldwide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Navigate the list of countries below to get country-by-country information on the laws and practices associated with the use of the death penalty. This information is taken from the Death Penalty Worldwide database, which also offers an advanced search function (capital crimes, prison conditions, appeal procedures, legal representation…) in English and in French. Database execution figures are sourced […] [texte] => Navigate the list of countries below to get country-by-country information on the laws and practices associated with the use of the death penalty.This information is taken from the Death Penalty Worldwide database, which also offers an advanced search function (capital crimes, prison conditions, appeal procedures, legal representation…) in English and in French. Database execution figures are sourced from official government sources, select NGO estimates, and where none of the above are available, media reports. It is difficult to give comprehensive or reliable figures for many countries given lack of information and government secrecy.This database covers the States and territories which still have the death penalty. Global statistics on abolitionist countries are available from Amnesty International.The database is hosted at the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide at Cornell University Law School. It was created by Professor Sandra Babcock in partnership with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and with financial support from the European Union and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1139] => Array ( [objectID] => 2903 [title] => Life of the Network [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/what-we-do/life-of-the-network/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Abolitionists around the world are mobilizing to end the death penalty. World Day, World Congress, important events for the life of the World Coalition such as the steering committees, but also meetings, events and actions carried out by our members around the world: do not miss any event related to the fight against the death […] [texte] => Abolitionists around the world are mobilizing to end the death penalty.World Day, World Congress, important events for the life of the World Coalition such as the steering committees, but also meetings, events and actions carried out by our members around the world: do not miss any event related to the fight against the death penalty and find on this page the agenda of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its members. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1140] => Array ( [objectID] => 2902 [title] => Newsletter [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/news-and-events/newsletter/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => With our monthly newsletter, make sure that you do not miss out on the latest information on the abolition of the death penalty. Subscribe to receive the latest articles published on the site, new documents available in the library as well as the agenda of our members. You can also sign up for our quarterly […] [texte] => With our monthly newsletter, make sure that you do not miss out on the latest information on the abolition of the death penalty. Subscribe to receive the latest articles published on the site, new documents available in the library as well as the agenda of our members.You can also sign up for our quarterly newsletter specifically on gender and the death penaltyName Email Opt in to another listGender and death penalty newsletterI agree to be emailedSubscribeOn this page you can also view past issues of our newsletter. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1141] => Array ( [objectID] => 2901 [title] => Article [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/news-and-events/articles/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Read the articles of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty written by all the actors committed to the universal abolition of capital punishment. Follow abolitionist news and the latest information on issues related to abolition around the world: breakthroughs, research on prison conditions or the treatment of detainees. Articles also cover the issue of […] [texte] => Read the articles of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty written by all the actors committed to the universal abolition of capital punishment.Follow abolitionist news and the latest information on issues related to abolition around the world: breakthroughs, research on prison conditions or the treatment of detainees. Articles also cover the issue of legal representation for convicted persons, the status of women and the role of public opinion. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1142] => Array ( [objectID] => 2900 [title] => The World Coalition’s campaign in favour of the international and regional protocols on abolition [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/what-we-do/the-world-coalitions-campaign-in-favour-of-the-international-and-regional-protocols-on-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1143] => Array ( [objectID] => 2899 [title] => World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/what-we-do/world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1144] => Array ( [objectID] => 2897 [title] => Contact us [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/contact-us/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => You can write to the World Coalition by filling in the form below in English or in French. [texte] => You can write to the World Coalition by filling in the form below in English or in French. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1145] => Array ( [objectID] => 2892 [title] => Network job offers [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/network-job-offers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a network of more than 160 organizations aiming at the worldwide abolition of the death penalty. If you are interested in any position advertised below, please send your application and ensure you indicate how your skills match the position for which you are applying. Please note that […] [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is a network of more than 160 organizations aiming at the worldwide abolition of the death penalty. If you are interested in any position advertised below, please send your application and ensure you indicate how your skills match the position for which you are applying.Please note that the positions advertised could be either for the World Coalition Secretariat or for one of the World Coalition’s member organizations. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1146] => Array ( [objectID] => 2891 [title] => Become a member [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/become-a-member/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Only legal entities can join the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty In accordance with article 5.1. of its Bylaws, the World Coalition welcomes organizations that share the aim of the universal abolition of the death penalty. What the World Coalition offers its members What the World Coalition does not offer its members How members […] [texte] => Only legal entities can join the World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyIn accordance with article 5.1. of its Bylaws, the World Coalition welcomes organizations that share the aim of the universal abolition of the death penalty.What the World Coalition offers its membersAn international network to share news and contacts and to give more visibility to members at the international level (including with the UN bodies);A website with one page dedicated to each member organization and articles published about member activities;A list-serve for members to communicate and share updates, strategies, and resources;Publications and tools dedicated to the Coalition’s mission, such as the mobilization kit for World Day Against the Death Penalty. Every year, each member receives a parcel with all the tools for World Day;News about the death penalty in the world (World Coalition monthly Newsletter, Death Penalty Worldwide Database, and Online Library);A voice and a vote at the bi-annual General Assembly to contribute to strategic issues.What the World Coalition does not offer its membersSupport for individual cases or legal aid;Financial support;Media work or official statements. Members may share these statements with the World Coalition, but the World Coalition cannot create or initiate them.How members can support the World CoalitionBe an active member: the World Coalition depends on its members to contribute to the discussions and advocacy of the network, and they are encouraged to take an active part in missions;Support the Coalition’s work by paying an annual membership fee, as well as by making voluntary financial and in-kind contributions;Actively promote the Coalition and its missions through their work, social media, websites, and advocacy;Share information and resources with local and regional networks (human rights organizations, media, and political groups);Join usOpen the application form × .popup { display: none; position: fixed; z-index: 9999; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: auto; background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.4); animation-name: fadeIn; animation-duration: 0.5s;}.popup-content { background-color: #fefefe; margin: 10% auto; padding: 20px; border: 1px solid #888; width: 80%; animation-name: slideIn; animation-duration: 0.5s;}.close { float: right; font-size: 28px; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer;}.close:hover,.close:focus { color: #000; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;}@keyframes fadeIn { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; }}@keyframes slideIn { from { transform: translateX(-100%); } to { transform: translateX(0); }}.popup.show { display: block;}@media screen and (max-width:768px) { .popup-content { padding: 5px; border: 1px solid #888; width: 90%; animation-name: slideIn; animation-duration: 0.5s;}}const popupButton = document.getElementById("popup-button");const popup = document.getElementById("popup");const close = document.getElementsByClassName("close")[0];popupButton.addEventListener("click", function() { popup.classList.add("show");});close.addEventListener("click", function() { popup.classList.remove("show");});Before you apply for membership, we invite you to consult the Membership Rules, the Intention Statement and the Bylaws.The Steering Committee decides twice a year on new requests for membership – typically in April and November.For any additional information, please contact us. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1147] => Array ( [objectID] => 2890 [title] => Presentation & History [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/presentation-history/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mobilizing for Universal Abolition The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. It was created as a result of the commitment made by the signatories of the Final Declaration of the 1st World Congress Against […] [texte] => Mobilizing for Universal AbolitionThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. It was created as a result of the commitment made by the signatories of the Final Declaration of the 1st World Congress Against the Death Penalty organized by the French NGO Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) in Strasbourg in June 2001.The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.The World Coalition is striving to achieve these aims in the following ways:by supporting its member organizations, local, national and regional abolitionist forces;by coordinating the international advocacy towards worldwide abolition of the death penalty.Complementing the Action of MembersThe World Coalition gives a global dimension to the action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.In conformity with the commitment made by its founders, the World Coalition has also made 10 October the World Day Against the Death Penalty. The first occurrence of this annual event took place in 2003. The World Coalition is also a partner of the World Congress Against the Death Penalty, which is held every three years.The World Coalition promotes international action taken by its members, such as the “Cities Against the Death Penalty” annual operation launched by the Community of Sant’Egidio.Organization and FunctioningThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty brings together abolitionist organizations committed to working together in line with its Bylaws. It is registered in France.The member organizations meet once every other year for the General Assembly to define the World Coalition's strategy and elect some of its members to a Steering Committee for two years. The Steering Committee's member organizations take the necessary decisions to implement this strategy. The Steering Committee elects some of its members to the Executive board, including a President and a Treasurer. The Executive Board is tasked with the general management, the financial running, the governance and the legal issues associated with the Secretariat.The World Coalition’s Secretariat works under the supervision of the Steering Committee to implement the decisions made by the General Assembly, the Steering Committee, the Executive Board and the World Coalition's Working Groups. The Secretariat manages the World Coalition’s budget and is accountable to the Treasurer, the Executive Board, the Steering Committee and the General Assembly for expenditure. The Secretariat is made up of salaried staff.The World Coalition is financed by contributions from its members and donors. It is also seeking financing from other institutional sponsors.HistoryThe participants to the first World Congress Against the Death Penalty, initiated and organized by the French NGO Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM), adopted the Strasbourg Declaration on 22 June 2001 in the hemicycle of the Council of Europe. In paragraph 9, the signatories pledged to “create a world-wide co-ordination of abolitionist associations and campaigners, whose first goal will be to launch a world-wide day for the universal abolition of the death penalty”.After several preparatory meetings in Paris and Brussels, most of the initiative’s protagonists met in Rome on 13 May 2002 to create officially the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. An 11-member Steering Committee was selected then renewed at each General Assembly every two year.World Days and CongressesIn 2003, the World Coalition created the first World Day Against the Death Penalty. This initiative was expressed through more than 180 local initiatives across the world. Belgium, Canada, France, Italy, Mexico, the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and the European Union officially supported the World Day. Since then, October 10 has continued to attract new initiatives. Since 2005, when more than 260 events took place, the World Day Against the Death Penalty has highlighted a particular theme each year. In 2007, the Council of Europe and the European Union officially recognized the World Day as European Day Against the Death Penalty.Having previously been involved in the organization of the 2nd World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Montreal in 2004, the World Coalition is now a partner of this major international abolitionist meeting held every three years and organized by ECPM-Together Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1148] => Array ( [objectID] => 2889 [title] => Member organizations [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/member-organizations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is made of member organizations with diverse backgrounds. To find out more about each of our members, click on their name in the list below. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is made of member organizations with diverse backgrounds. To find out more about each of our members, click on their name in the list below. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1149] => Array ( [objectID] => 2882 [title] => Resources [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/resources/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1150] => Array ( [objectID] => 2881 [title] => Articles [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/news-and-events/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Read the articles of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty written by all the actors committed to the universal abolition of capital punishment. Follow abolitionist news and the latest information on issues related to abolition around the world: breakthroughs, research on prison conditions or the treatment of detainees. Articles also cover the issue of […] [texte] => Read the articles of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty written by all the actors committed to the universal abolition of capital punishment.Follow abolitionist news and the latest information on issues related to abolition around the world: breakthroughs, research on prison conditions or the treatment of detainees. Articles also cover the issue of legal representation for convicted persons, the status of women and the role of public opinion. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1151] => Array ( [objectID] => 2880 [title] => What we do [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/what-we-do/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1152] => Array ( [objectID] => 2878 [title] => Who we are [timestamp] => 1592784000 [date] => 22/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/who-we-are/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1153] => Array ( [objectID] => 4264 [title] => COVID-19: Calling for a Worldwide Moratorium on the Death Penalty During the Pandemic [timestamp] => 1592438400 [date] => 18/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/covid-19-calling-for-a-worldwide-moratorium-on-the-death-penalty-during-the-pandemic/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cc3116a5143ee644e884ff5139100376_2-1-500x347.jpg [extrait] => “When the whole world is trying hard to save lives from COVID-19, an execution by the state is contradictory and perverse” said Kevin Miguel Rivera Medina, President of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => “When the whole world is trying hard to save lives from COVID-19, an execution by the state is contradictory and perverse” said Kevin Miguel Rivera Medina, President of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.In a statement released today, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its member organizations call on all countries that still use the death penalty to impose a moratorium on death sentences and executions on the ground that fair trials and fair legal representation are impossible to maintain during the COVID-19 pandemic.“While some countries now sentence people to death by videoconference, as in Nigeria or Singapore, in others the prison restrictions have seriously infringed the rights of those awaiting execution because courts are stalled and law firms are closed. Options to help people whose lives are at risk are decreasing.”“The current global health crisis has demonstrated how profoundly unfair the system has been on people already weakened by their heavy sentence. A lack of visits to people on death row and the inability for lawyers and judges to work normally are all unfair consequences of an ill-equipped system.” By comparison, those countries that have had the courage during this time to take a step, big or small, towards abolition shows that our world is made better without this archaic, cruel and degrading practice of capital punishment. For example, Cameroon, Kenya, Morocco and Zimbabwe have granted commutations, which also extended to those sentenced to death. This 10 October, civil society will mobilize to celebrate the 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty, which will focus on the right to legal representation and highlight the role of lawyers in protecting those facing the death penalty. A right that is fractured by the health crisis since lawyers are less able to assist their clients and who are also economically weakened. This statement has been released by the following organizations:- ACAT France (Action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture)- The Advocates for Human Rights (TAHR)- Anti Death Penalty Asian Network (ADPAN)- la Coalition tunisienne contre la peine de mort (CTCPM)- Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM)- Fédération internationale des ACAT (FIACAT)- Hands Off Cain- Human Rights Laws Service (HURILAWS)- Justice Project Pakistan (JPP)- les Magistrats européens pour la démocraties et les libertés (MEDEL)- Regroupement des jeunes Africains pour la démocratie et le développement (REJADD-Togo)- Reprieve- The Rights Practiceand published in:- Audace 24 (Côte d'Ivoire)- Business News, en arabe et en français (Tunisie)- CVU Togo Diaspora (Togo)- Le blog de François Fabregat, publié via Médiapart (France)- Le blog de Riccardo Noury et Monica Ricci Sargentini, via Corriere della Sera (Italie)- The Guardian Nigeria (Nigéria)- Ici Lomé (Togo)- Kapitalis (Tunisie)- Redattore Sociale (Italie)- TheNews.com.pk (Pakistan)- Togo Actualité (Togo)- Togo Niooz (Togo)(photo: CDC / LIZABETH MENZIES / AFP) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1154] => Array ( [objectID] => 4265 [title] => The Abolition of the Death Penalty in Tunisia, a Fight Against Torture [timestamp] => 1592438400 [date] => 18/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-tunisia-a-fight-against-torture/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/97d140108741eb80f8b2d48a786bd771_2-1-500x333.png [extrait] => In its 2019 annual report, the Organization Against Torture in Tunisia (Organisation contre la torture en Tunisie, OCTT) denounced the death penalty and identified it as the most cruel form of torture. [texte] => The OCTT notes with high regret the weakness of the de facto moratorium that has been observed in the country for almost 30 years, while a conservative line in favour of capital punishment gains popularity among the public. The death penalty – the most serious infringement on the right to life, the first of every human right – is now under a moratorium that has been observed in practice since 1991. However, the Tunisian government has not enshrined this into law yet. The Constitution of Tunisia entitles exemptions to the right to life (albeit sanctified by its own provisions) in “extreme cases”, which could leave the door open to the retention of the death penalty. As such, the moratorium observed in Tunisia does not stop courts from imposing capital sentences, the number of which continues to increase. 47 people were sentenced to death in 2019, while 95 to 110 people are known to be on death row, including 3 women. At the political level, the context has also remained particularly strained ever since the Parliament adopted in July 2015, by a large majority, a reform of the anti-terrorist law, which led to the establishment of new capital offenses. There are now 54 legal dispositions allowing the imposition of the death penalty, but some contravene the “most serious crime” definition as enshrined in international standards. The high frequency of death sentences and the ensuing violations of the right to life have recently resulted in very serious consequences, including the imposition of two death sentences on a single person.The OCTT also called attention to the great physical, psychological and emotional distress endured by death row inmates in Tunisia, who bear the brunt of the reduction in public spending on prisons, as well the lack of follow-up procedures after being released. In its section dedicated to the death penalty, the OCTT called for major legislative, health and humanitarian reforms that would allow for the immediate and definitive abolition of the death penalty and the promotion of human rights in the country. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1155] => Array ( [objectID] => 4266 [title] => Call for actions on World Day in Sub-Saharan Africa 2 [timestamp] => 1592352000 [date] => 17/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-actions-on-world-day-in-sub-saharan-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition) and FIACAT are part of a joint project which aims to contribute to the abolition of the death penalty in Sub-Saharan Africa. [texte] => In the framework of this project, the World Coalition wants to support partner civil society organizations in organizing activities for the World Day Against the Death Penalty (10 October). For the whole project, the World Coalition will help finance World Day activities in the following countries: Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mauritania, Niger, Republic of Congo, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Togo.For 2020, the second time we launch this offer, the World Coalition will grant up to EUR 9,000 distributed amongst the 9 countries listed. We encourage interested organizations to partner together with local ACATs or other World Coalition members to apply, as strength in numbers will help the activity. To do so, the World Coalition is launching a call for actions for 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty and will help finance activities with small grants from EUR 500 to EUR 1,000.Please note that the World Coalition small grants offer will follow the terms and conditions imposed by the French Development Agency (AFD) and the European Union. How to apply? Please submit by email to africa2020@worldcoalition.org your project proposal composed of:- this Application form in Word format and the filled out Provisional Budget Excel Sheet (here attached)- your organization’s By-laws (if you are a legal entity);- your organization’s most recent activity reportSubmission Deadline: Proposals must be submitted by 8 July 2020, midnight CEST (Paris time).Indicative Timetable: - 8 July 2020: Deadline for submission of proposals- 9–17 July 2020: Evaluation and selection process- 20 July: Communication on the selection of 2020 beneficiaries- 20 July–6 September: Signature of an agreement with beneficiariesPayment will be sent in instalments: 80% for the first and 20% for the second. The first in-stalment will be made at the beginning of the contract and the second after receiving the fi-nal reporting and all invoices (any expense without receipt/invoice will not be eligible)- 10 September 2020–February 2021: Implementation period (determined by the length of the proposed project)- Reporting: Submitted within one month after the end of the selected project, the latest 10 March 2021For more information or questions on the application please contact africa2020@worldcoalition.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burkina Faso [1] => Burundi [2] => Cameroon [3] => Congo [4] => Côte d'Ivoire [5] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [6] => Ghana [7] => Guinea [8] => Kenya [9] => Liberia [10] => Mauritania [11] => Niger [12] => Senegal [13] => Sierra Leone [14] => Togo [15] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1156] => Array ( [objectID] => 4267 [title] => Call for actions on World Day in the Maldives and Turkey [timestamp] => 1592352000 [date] => 17/06/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-actions-on-world-day-in-the-maldives-and-turkey/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its 14 international member organizations active in the Philippines, the Maldives and Turkey are part of a joint project which aims to combat the resurgence of the death penalty, particularly in the aforementioned three countries at risk. [texte] => Every year, the World Coalition organizes the World Day Against the Death Penalty every October 10. It sends packages to all its members and partners containing all the tools and materials prepared for World Day. At the same time, it suggests actions to be organized and a mobilization kit with indications on how to organize events. For the second year, for the 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition and its partners would like to grant targeted financial support to local civil society organizations in the Maldives and Turkey to encourage joint actions to celebrate the World Day and thus increase their impact.To do so, we are launching a call for actions for World Day and will help finance activities with a small grant of EUR 2,000. Please note that the World Coalition small grants offer will follow the terms and conditions imposed by the French Development Agency (AFD) and the European Union. How to apply? Please submit by email to car2020@worldcoalition.org your project proposal composed of:- this application form in Word format- your organization’s By-laws (if you have a legal entity)- your organization’s most recent activity report Submission Deadline: Proposals must be submitted by 9 August 2020, midnight CEST (Paris-time). Indicative Timetable: - 9 August 2020: Deadline for submission of proposals- 10-14 August 2020: Evaluation and selection process- 17-21 August: Communication on the selection of 2020 beneficiaries - 21 August-6 September: Signature of an agreement with beneficiariesPayment will be sent in instalments: 80% for the first and 20% for the second. The first instalment will be made at the beginning of the contract and the second after receiving the final reporting and all invoices (any expense without receipt/invoice will not be eligible)- 10 September 2020-February 2021: Implementation period (determined by the length of the proposed project)- Reporting: Submitted within one month after the end of the selected project, the latest 10 March 2021For more information or questions on the application please contact car2020@worldcoalition.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives [1] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1157] => Array ( [objectID] => 4268 [title] => Finance and Administration Manager [timestamp] => 1589414400 [date] => 14/05/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/finance-and-administration-manager/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recruits a Finance and Administration Manager for a full time permanent position starting as soon as possible. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.Mission:1/ Accounting and financial management- Follow-up of banking operations and payment of invoices;- Management and follow-up of cash, Paypal and bank accounts;- General and analytical accounting (from accounting entry to balance sheet entry);- Accounting closing of accounts in connection with the chartered accountant and the statutory auditor;- Preparation of budgets in collaboration with the staff and the treasurer;- Creation and management of dashboards (Coalition donors, payroll in particular);- Management and monitoring of cash flow (short, medium and long term);- Realization of internal financial reports in collaboration with the chartered accountant, the statutory auditor and the treasurer;- Realization of financial reports to donors;- Management and follow-up of audits of financial reports to donors;- Financial management of missions in conjunction with the Director (Preparation of forms and their payment, others).2/ Management and technical support of financial partnerships- Management of financial partnerships with project members and partners;- Creation of administrative and financial management tools;- Internal training of the staff on the use of these tools;- Training of members and financial partners on the use of these tools;3/ Human resources management- Preparation of the payroll in connection with the dedicated service provider;- Payment of payroll, author and translation contracts;- Management of trainees, lunch vouchers and paid leaves;- Monitoring of social obligations with relevant institutions;- Follow-up of social and employer declarations with the dedicated service provider.4/ Support for the fundraising for the operations of the World Coalition- Fundraising, especially for private funding, in collaboration with the staff and the treasurer;- Preparation of budgets for all funding requests, in collaboration with the staff and the treasurer;- Prospecting missions and meetings with potential donors, in collaboration with the Director.5/ Support for the general coordination of the Coalition (Steering Committee and General Assembly)- Participation in all statutory meetings (Steering Committee meeting every quarter and General Assembly every other year);- Preparation of the financial reports for each meeting, in collaboration with the treasurer;Qualifications- Training: Business School / Master 2 finance, management, MBA- At least 7 years of professional experience, including experience in NGOs at headquarters and with partners in the field; and experience in direct management of grant contracts from public (European Union-DEVCO, AFD, etc.) and private donors (foundations, etc.)- Expertise in French accounting system and management principles, knowledge of the SAGE-05C accounting software would be a plus- Autonomy, rigor, ability to prioritize and to be pro-active, sense of responsibility- Good interpersonal skills, ability to work in a team, ability to share information fluidly, ability to support partners worldwide- Excellent command of Windows and Office (Word, Excel)- Fluent in English and French; third working language would be preferableConditions:- Status: Full time permanent contract (CDI) under French law (Missions Locales and PAIO collective agreement), management position- Remuneration: salary according to qualifications and experience (from €3,000 gross per month) - Social benefit: 50% of the cost of the Parisian transportation, lunch vouchers worth 9 euros (60% paid by the employer), health insurance (50% paid by the employer), provident scheme- Mobility: Travel in Europe and internationally to be planned- Location: Montreuil (93) - FranceTo applyThe application must be sent in English or French to the World Coalition by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: RAF2020) with:- A cover letter - A curriculum vitae- Contact information for two references (please include full name, function, e-mail address and telephone number)We will consider applications on a rolling basis. We will begin considering applications from 25 May 2020. The deadline to apply is 7 June 2020, midnight.Contract expected to start as soon as possible to allow for a transition period with the current Financial and Admin Manager.The World Coalition is signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1158] => Array ( [objectID] => 4269 [title] => Loopholes in Saudi promise to end death sentences against children [timestamp] => 1588723200 [date] => 06/05/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/loopholes-in-saudi-promise-to-end-death-sentences-against-children/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/abc0411e447ec709db9d43d9d69ac50e_2-1-500x346.jpg [extrait] => Saudi Arabia’s Human Rights Commission has announced that children are no longer eligible for the death penalty in the Kingdom. Citing a royal decree, the commission stated that anyone convicted of crimes that took place while they were under the age of 18 will face a maximum punishment of ten years in juvenile detention. [texte] => Extract from Reprieve website, to read the all article click here.The full text of the decree has not been published, but initial legal analysis of an unofficial version posted online suggests there are significant loopholes that will enable prosecutors to continue to seek death sentences against children.There are currently 13 people facing death sentences in Saudi Arabia for alleged crimes that occurred when they were minors. All were charged with terrorism offences related to attending pro-democracy demonstrations. It appears that an exception in the new decree would mean such offences remain death-eligible, irrespective of the age of the defendant.In theory, Royal Decree No.113 on the Juvenile Law, enacted in August 2018, already prohibited death sentences being imposed against minors in Saudi Arabia. But in practice, a loophole in this law, maintaining capital punishment for hudud and qisas offences in Shari’a law, enables prosecutors to charge children as young as seven years old with capital crimes.The Human Rights Commission has not announced whether the new decree will be applied retroactively. Ali al-Nimr, Dawood al-Marhoun and Abdullah al-Zaher remain on death row in Saudi Arabia, at imminent risk of execution for alleged crimes that occurred before they were 18 years old.Last year, Saudi Arabia executed 185 people, including at least three young men who were children at the time of their alleged offences: Mujtaba al-Sweikat, Abdulkarim al-Hawaj and Salman Qureish. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1159] => Array ( [objectID] => 4270 [title] => Iran: Annual report on the death penalty 2019 [timestamp] => 1588550400 [date] => 04/05/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iran-annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-2019/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8796278d2728a3579e9c9e48e0d27f8e_2-1-500x208.jpg [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) published its 12th report on 31 march 2020. The report provides an assessment and analysis of the death penalty trends in 2019 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. [texte] => Extract Iran Human Rights article published on 31 march 2020. To read the full article on Iran Human Rights website click here. THE FULL REPORT (pdf) is available here : https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran-GB.pdf2019 ANNUAL REPORT AT A GLANCE At least 280 people were executed in 2019, 7 more compared to 2018 84 executions (30%) were announced by official sources. In 2018 and 2017, respectively 34% and 21% had been announced by the authorities 70% of all executions included in the 2019 report, i.e. 196 executions, were not announced by the authorities At least 225 executions (80% of all executions) were for murder charges (it is the second-highest number in 10 years) At least 30 people (approximately 11%) were executed for drug-related charges 13 executions were conducted in public spaces At least 4 juvenile offenders were among those executed At least 15 women were executed At least 55 executions in 2019 and more than 3,581 executions since 2010 have been based on death sentences issued by the Revolutionary Courts At least 374 prisoners sentenced to death for murder charges were forgiven by the families of the murder victims - a significant increase compared to previous years As in 2018, the majority of those executed in 2019 in Iran were charged with murder and sentenced to qisas (retribution in kind). At least 225 people were executed for murder charges in 2019. This is the second-highest number of annual qisas executions in the last 10 years.Commenting on the Iranian authorities’ use of the qisas law, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, Director of IHR, said: “Besides being an inhumane punishment, qisas represents a serious violation of the rights of the murder victims’ families who, from being victims of violence grieving for the loss of their loved ones, are converted by the state to executioners”. IHR and ECPM call for the removal of qisas from penal law and underline that punishment is the responsibility of states and not ordinary citizens. In violation of their international obligations, the Iranian authorities continue executions of juvenile offenders. At least four juvenile offenders were executed in 2019 and several are in danger of execution. More than 70% of the executions in this report were not announced by the Iranian authorities. Thus, the total number of executions, and the number of children executed in 2019, might be much higher than the figures presented in this report. Lack of transparency and accountability in the Iranian judicial system must also be addressed by the international community with regard to the bloody crackdown of the nationwide protests in November 2019. During the 3 days of protests in more than 100 cities across Iran, hundreds of people were shot to death by the security forces. IHR’s researchers have concluded that at least 324 people were killed, most of them as a result of bullets to their head, neck or chest, and at least 10,000 were arrested during and in the following few weeks. Reuters reported that 1,500 people were killed during the protests. However, the Iranian authorities still have not publicized the number of victims of the November protests, nor has anyone been held accountable for the killings. IHR has also received reports about the inhumane conditions under which those arrested have been held. ECPM, IHR and several other human rights NGOs have called for a special session of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) to address the Iran protests and to appoint a UN fact-finding mission investigating the number of those killed, the situation of those arrested as a step towards holding those responsible for the crimes committed. Iranian society has entered a new phase as people are struggling for fundamental changes. 2019 started with smaller protests and ended in the largest and bloodiest protests in Iran since the 1980s. There are no indications that the protests will stop at this point. IHR and ECPM are concerned that with increasing protests and anger among the people, the authorities will use even more violence, and above all will increase the use of the death penalty as their only and most efficient weapon to confront the unrest. The international community and especially Iran’s European dialogue partners must play a more proactive role in preventing the use of violence by the Iranian authorities against its own citizens. With the launch of this report, IHR and ECPM call upon the international community, and Iran’s European dialogue partners, to press for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty and for major reforms in the country’s judicial system, which does not meet minimum international standards. Iranian leadership and all organs involved in the crackdown must be held accountable by the international community. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1160] => Array ( [objectID] => 4271 [title] => Sentenced to death without execution: Why capital punishment has not yet been abolished in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados [timestamp] => 1588550400 [date] => 04/05/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sentenced-to-death-without-execution-why-capital-punishment-has-not-yet-been-abolished-in-the-eastern-caribbean-and-barbados/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3857cdd8794d935fc6d1977b491adec7_2-1-500x280.jpg [extrait] => Roger Hood and Florence Seemungal with the assistance of Amaya Athill, published a empirical study aims to shed light on why Eastern Caribbean States and Barbados hang on to capital punishment even though they haven't carried out any executions in the last ten years. [texte] => Extract from Death Penalty Project, publish on april 7.Click here To read the full study.This independent empirical study, which presents the views of 100 ‘opinion formers’, drawn from the seven jurisdictions, aims to shed light on why these countries hang on to capital punishment and what are the barriers to the complete abolition of the death penalty in these nations.Key findings include: Across these seven nations, 48 of the interviewees favoured retention of the death penalty (18 of them strongly) and 52 were in favour of its abolition (30 of them strongly) Of those who favoured retention of the death penalty, only a minority were committed to retaining it: only 10 of 48 interviewees said they would ‘strongly oppose an Act of Parliament to completely abolish the death penalty by definitely voting against it. Respondents believed the best strategies to persuade their respective governments to embrace reform were: ‘through creating an influential civil society pressure group ‘Citizens Against the Death Penalty’; by ‘mounting a legal challenge to the constitutionality of the death penalty’; or by ‘persuading the government to establish a high-level commission to report on the subject’. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1161] => Array ( [objectID] => 1935 [title] => The Sunny Center Foundation [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-sunny-center-foundation/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9712d7acacf191dc38954fbaab22806f_2.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ireland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1162] => Array ( [objectID] => 1936 [title] => Cornell Center on Death Penalty Worldwide [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/cornell-center-on-death-penalty-worldwide/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/884daaa944071d2a2dec5643a02c1c09_2-300x300.png [extrait] => A research, training, and advocacy center focused on promoting international human rights law in the application of the death penalty. [texte] => A research, training, and advocacy center focused on promoting international human rights law in the application of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1163] => Array ( [objectID] => 1937 [title] => Conseil national des barreaux [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/conseil-national-des-barreaux/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/029e12b50a54b4c1c40a40b7d51db511_2-300x177.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1164] => Array ( [objectID] => 1938 [title] => Kenya Human Rights Commission [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kenya-human-rights-commission/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1165] => Array ( [objectID] => 1939 [title] => Bahrain Centre for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/bahrain-centre-for-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1166] => Array ( [objectID] => 1940 [title] => Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l’Homme (AMDH) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-mauritanienne-des-droits-de-lhomme-amdh/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1167] => Array ( [objectID] => 1915 [title] => Mouvance des Abolitionnistes du Congo Brazzaville [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/mouvance-des-abolitionnistes-du-congo-brazzaville/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mandate and Objectives: – Promote fundamental human rights : LIFE , EDUCATION, ACCESS TO WATER AND ELECTRICITY – Making human rights in daily lives – Fighting for universal abolition of the death penalty, starting in Congo Brazzaville by a national moratorium Types of action: – Exhibitions and screenings – Lectures, discussion and citizen petition, Sit-in […] [texte] => Mandate and Objectives:- Promote fundamental human rights : LIFE , EDUCATION, ACCESS TO WATER AND ELECTRICITY- Making human rights in daily lives- Fighting for universal abolition of the death penalty, starting in Congo Brazzaville by a national moratoriumTypes of action:- Exhibitions and screenings- Lectures, discussion and citizen petition, Sit-in in Embassies- Workshops sensitization- Outreach to churches- Door-to-doorActions aimed at the abolition of the death penalty :- Signatures petitions against the execution of Troy Davis sent to the Committee of the State of Georgia- Talks - debate and screening on the 10th World Day against the Death Penalty in Brazzaville- Distributions of prospectus on 10 October at the Law Faculty Brazzaville- Official launch of the creation of a " TROY DAVIS WAS INNOCENT " area on the occasion of the 11th World Day against the Death Penalty in Brazzaville on 10 October 2013- Project on a carnival for universal abolition of the death penalty (Starting at Brazzaville and Kinshasa) Death penalty statute: abolished in law since 2015 [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1168] => Array ( [objectID] => 1916 [title] => Serbia Against Capital Punishment (SACP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/serbia-against-capital-punishment-sacp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/75d52237743d661f8f60a988e9ba5989_2.jpg [extrait] => Serbia Against Capital Punishment (SACP) was formed in 2012 to work towards universal abolition of the death penalty and to oppose its reintroduction in Serbia or any other country. It also opposes torture, as well as all other inhuman and degrading punishments. SACP maintains a data base of more than 7.000 persons sentenced to death […] [texte] => Serbia Against Capital Punishment (SACP) was formed in 2012 to work towards universal abolition of the death penalty and to oppose its reintroduction in Serbia or any other country. It also opposes torture, as well as all other inhuman and degrading punishments.SACP maintains a data base of more than 7.000 persons sentenced to death in Serbia and Yugoslavia from 1804 to 2002.Its web site also contains a data base of Serbian/Yugoslav legislation concerning the death penalty.Every year SACP commissions two polls of public opinion on the death penalty in Serbia and publishes the results on its web site.SACP regularly marks the World Day against the Death Penalty by organizing an appropriate event in Belgrade and /or other Serbian cities. Together with the city of Belgrade, it also takes part in the worldwide campaign Cities for Life. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Serbia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1169] => Array ( [objectID] => 1917 [title] => Kurdistan Human Rights Association-Geneva (KMMK-G) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-of-human-rights-in-kurdistan-of-iran-geneva-kmmk-g/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Kurdistan Human Rights Association-Geneva (KMMK-G) is an independent organization, with no political affiliation. KMMK-G was established in 2006 to serve as a bridge between the Kurdish civil society and the United Nations (UN) agencies and International institutions on the one hand, and the Kurdish and Iranian civil society on the other hand. The organization aims […] [texte] => Kurdistan Human Rights Association-Geneva (KMMK-G) is an independent organization, with no political affiliation. KMMK-G was established in 2006 to serve as a bridge between the Kurdish civil society and the United Nations (UN) agencies and International institutions on the one hand, and the Kurdish and Iranian civil society on the other hand. The organization aims to: Promote democracy, human rights, and social development in and beyond Iranian Kurdistan; Defend the rights of ethnic and religious minorities and challenging all forms of discrimination; Defend the rights of political prisoners; Fight for the abolition of death penalty in Iran and worldwide; Promote women’s rights and the rights of the child; Raise awareness about the human rights situation in Iranian Kurdistan and beyond; Promote the rights and the integration of Kurdish Diaspora [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1170] => Array ( [objectID] => 1918 [title] => Comisión Cubana de Derechos Humanos y Reconciliación Nacional [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/comision-cubana-de-derechos-humanos-y-reconciliacion-nacional/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mandate and Objectives: Promotion and protection of all HR for all. Programme for the abolition of the death penalty. Training programs. Free legal aid services. Preparation of monthly and special reports. Request for precautionary measures to international organizations. Type of actions: Legal defense. Education and outreach in the field of Hman Rights and Humanitarian aid […] [texte] => Mandate and Objectives:Promotion and protection of all HR for all. Programme for the abolition of the death penalty. Training programs. Free legal aid services. Preparation of monthly and special reports. Request for precautionary measures to international organizations.Type of actions:Legal defense. Education and outreach in the field of Hman Rights and Humanitarian aid to the victims of repression.Since 1987 we have worked against the application of the death penalty and, therefore, we have suffered persecution and imprisonment. Since 2003 a kind of de facto moratorium applies in Cuba but still in force tens of motivations in the Penal Code as to issue death penalty convictions. We are now trying to push, with the help of international NGOs, for the government of Cuba to provide for the total abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cuba ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1171] => Array ( [objectID] => 1920 [title] => Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRAI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-activists-in-iran-hrai/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/af84f6ec86ce9d0efa25a6fadf4a7e86_2.jpg [extrait] => Human Rights Activists in Iran (also known as HRAI and HRA) is a non-political and non-governmental organization comprised of advocates who defend human rights in Iran. HRAI was founded in 2006 and aims to promote, safeguard and sustain human rights in Iran. The organization keeps the Iranian community and the world informed by monitoring human […] [texte] => Human Rights Activists in Iran (also known as HRAI and HRA) is a non-political and non-governmental organization comprised of advocates who defend human rights in Iran. HRAI was founded in 2006 and aims to promote, safeguard and sustain human rights in Iran. The organization keeps the Iranian community and the world informed by monitoring human rights violations in the country and disseminating the news about such abuses. Additionally, HRAI strives to improve the current state of affairs in a peaceful manner and supports strict adherence to human rights principles.In general, HRAI’s mission is to protect the human rights of all Iranian citizens regardless of their religion, political views, social status, gender or ethnicity. The organisation defends freedom of speech, association and press. It opposes capital punishment, executions and stoning. It strives to protect the environment and advocates for women’s rights, children’s rights, labour rights, gay rights and the rights of ethnic and religious minorities.The organization condemns the expulsion of college students as a form of punishment for their political beliefs and fights for the right to education.HRAI uses five different methods to achieve its goals, namely: reporting and news dissemination, education, legal assistance, protests and international engagements. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1172] => Array ( [objectID] => 1921 [title] => Centre for Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/centre-for-civil-and-political-rights-ccpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/91401c8ad4a81ac415d7fe81dcbe5730_2.jpg [extrait] => The Centre for Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) envisions the full realisation of the rights proclaimed in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and its two Optional Protocols at the universal level. This includes the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which abolishes the death penalty. The CCPR aims to fulfil that […] [texte] => The Centre for Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) envisions the full realisation of the rights proclaimed in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and its two Optional Protocols at the universal level. This includes the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which abolishes the death penalty.The CCPR aims to fulfil that vision by facilitating the application of the ICCPR and promoting the implementation of recommendations by the UN Human Rights Committee, mainly through engaging with national NGOs. The organisation undertakes workshops, lobbying activities and consultations with NGOs and other relevant national stakeholders.It also undertakes strategic litigation, review of jurisprudence, and follow-up of individual cases presented for the consideration of the Human Rights Committee under the complaints procedure of the first Optional Protocol of ICCPR.The organisation comprises a small secretariat of three permanent staff based in Geneva, and regional coordinators who are currently based in West Africa (Togo) and Asia-Pacific (Indonesia).Its work includes advocating for States that have not ratified the ICCPR, as well as the two Optional Protocols, to take action. The CCPR believes that the UN Human Rights Committee can and should be playing a role to encourage more States to ratify these treaties, and in the case of the Second Optional Protocol, to abolish death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1173] => Array ( [objectID] => 1922 [title] => New Hampshire Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NHCADP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/new-hampshire-coalition-to-abolish-the-death-penalty-nhcadp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/123456f3d89da56cdf9c508065f26ac9_2.jpg [extrait] => New Hampshire Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NHCADP) ‘s mandate and goals are to abolish the Death Penalty in the State of New Hamphire and the United States. To do so, they organise the following actions: direct lobbying of legislators, letter writing campaigns to legislators and media, vigils and other public demonstrations, public information […] [texte] => New Hampshire Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NHCADP) 's mandate and goals are to abolish the Death Penalty in the State of New Hamphire and the United States.To do so, they organise the following actions: direct lobbying of legislators, letter writing campaigns to legislators and media, vigils and other public demonstrations, public information sessions with movies and guest speakers. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1174] => Array ( [objectID] => 1923 [title] => Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/parliamentarians-for-global-action-pga/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/a927e666a3c5d8cd338e9e92d0923133_2.jpg [extrait] => Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA), a non-profit, non-partisan international network of over 1,200 legislators in approximately 130 elected parliaments around the globe, aims to promote peace, democracy, the rule of law, human rights, gender equality and population issues by informing, convening, and mobilizing parliamentarians to realize these goals. The network of legislators’ programme of work […] [texte] => Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA), a non-profit, non-partisan international network of over 1,200 legislators in approximately 130 elected parliaments around the globe, aims to promote peace, democracy, the rule of law, human rights, gender equality and population issues by informing, convening, and mobilizing parliamentarians to realize these goals.The network of legislators’ programme of work is under the political direction of an Executive Committee of 15 members. This structure allows PGA to effectively push policies at the national, regional, and international levels. PGA also works closely with the UN system through the advisory body of the UN Committee for PGA - comprising senior UN ambassadors, high-level UN officials, and some leading NGO representatives. PGA also has had an extremely effective track record with intergovernmental agencies such as the UNFPA, UNDP, UNICEF, UNIFEM, UNESCO, the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and International IDEA. PGA's programs on peace and democracy, sustainable development and population, and international law work in close cooperation with NGOs and leading research institutions in these fieldsOn July 15, 2013, the PGA Executive Committee together with the PGA International Law and Human Rights Programme took the decision to start preparations towards the creation of a global parliamentary platform for the abolition of the death penalty, welcoming a proposal of the PGA UK Board member Mr. Mark Pritchard, MP and the UK All Party Parliamentary Group for the Abolition of the Death Penalty, chaired by PGA member H.E. Ms. Baroness Vivien Stern (member, House of Lords). [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1175] => Array ( [objectID] => 1924 [title] => European Association for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/european-association-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9a2b0b95f4b2338d03bc67ab49f7cdce_2.jpg [extrait] => The European Association for Human Rights mainly promotes the welfare of prisoners. Its work is especially focused on taking care for death row prisoners and their children, and abolishing the death penalty. Many people on death row are dismissed in their search for help and support from the established human rights organizations. There is a […] [texte] => The European Association for Human Rights mainly promotes the welfare of prisoners. Its work is especially focused on taking care for death row prisoners and their children, and abolishing the death penalty. Many people on death row are dismissed in their search for help and support from the established human rights organizations. There is a lack of capacity or projects are not sufficiently advertised.The European Association for Human Rights especially wants to support people who have been looking for help from non-profit organizations for a long time. The Association has started the “Texas Death Row Project” to help Texas death row prisoners to cope better with their physical and mental situations. To do this, it implements the following programmes:Protected childhood: it supports children of selected past and present death row prisoners in Texas.Letters to death row: for prisoners on Texas death row, letters are often the only contact with the outside world. The Association publishs pen pal ads for prisoners on Texas death row, especially for those who have had a difficult time finding friends, as well as for new prisoner who have just arrived on death row.Justice for Gerald Marshall: the Association supports obviously innocent prisoners with their legal cases by helping them to hire qualified legal representation as funds permit. Its first such project is Justice for Gerald Marshall.Care packages for prisoners: the Association supports Texas death row inmates with care packages or funds to have access to essential goods and necessities.Texas death penalty education: the Association educates the public as well as prisoners on the legal atrocities of Texas death row. It strives to inform the public about the death penalty system in Texas and teach the prisoners about their rights with a view to enabling them to protect themselves. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1176] => Array ( [objectID] => 1925 [title] => Greater Caribbean for Life [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/greater-caribbean-for-life/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7d13ab6d8e2466416033265d4f76b9c2_2-272x300.jpg [extrait] => The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) is an independent, not-for-profit civil society organization, incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. GCL was established on 2 October 2013 by activists and organizations from twelve Greater Caribbean countries following an International Conference held in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Our organization came into […] [texte] => p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; direction: ltr; line-height: 120%; text-align: left; }a:link { color: rgb(157, 69, 79); }The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) is an independent, not-for-profit civil society organization, incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. GCL was established on 2 October 2013 by activists and organizations from twelve Greater Caribbean countries following an International Conference held in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Our organization came into existence with a view to bring together all activists and organisations supporting abolition in the region in order to strengthen their voices; it seeks to build and nurture the abolitionist movement in the Greater Caribbean as we campaign for and work towards the permanent abolition of the death penalty in this region in which capital punishment remains in the legal system of thirteen countries and in which two countries retain the mandatory death penalty for murder. GCL is also committed to collaborating with the international abolitionist community, and acts as a supporting platform in its advocacy and educational efforts. GCL’s membership currently includes members from 15 Greater Caribbean countries (Antigua & Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago).Our Executive Committee is comprised of members from Antigua and Barbuda, St.Kitts and Nevis, St.Vincent and the Grenadines, Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago. While GCL vehemently condemns the rise of violent crime in our region and expresses solidarity with victims, members reject the notion that capital punishment will act as a deterrent or foster respect for life in our communities. In addition, in our societies, the death penalty operates in an unequal manner due to a number of socio-economic factors: it is primarily imposed on the poor and the disadvantaged. GCL is committed to promoting more durable and effective solutions aimed at reducing crime in the Greater Caribbean region – rather than the taking of life. Leela Ramdeen, Chair of GCL has said: “The time is long overdue for people in the Caribbean region who wish to find more sustainable, long-term solutions to crime and violence to lift their voices against the inhumanity of the death penalty. Let us encourage governments in the region to find alternatives to the death penalty. While GCL continues to campaign and work towards better responses to the needs of victims and their families, we believe that the death penalty does not make societies safer. Our ‘Mantra’ is: ‘Stop crime, not lives!’” [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1177] => Array ( [objectID] => 1926 [title] => Lualua Center for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lualua-center-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/8426a6bc81fc2145ec1d3cb26e5b8067_2-300x300.jpeg [extrait] => The objectives of Lualua Center for Human Rights are: 1- To contribute in the promotion of economic, social, cultural, environmental and civil growth according to the international declaration of human rights and subsequent relevant international conventions. 2- To work on achieving integrity and transparency and fighting corruption. To enshrine the concept of citizenship by promoting […] [texte] => The objectives of Lualua Center for Human Rights are:1- To contribute in the promotion of economic, social, cultural, environmental and civil growth according to the international declaration of human rights and subsequent relevant international conventions.2- To work on achieving integrity and transparency and fighting corruption. To enshrine the concept of citizenship by promoting the role of citizens in shaping their future.3- To work on spreading the spirit of harmony and fraternity between the peoples of the Arab region on the basis of tolerance, dialogue, non-violence and human rights.4- To establish cooperation ties between the different parties concerned by the association's activities, locally, regionally and internationally.5- To issue publications, circulars and books and to organize conferences, symposiums and workshops but also to make use of the different social media outlets in order to achieve the previously mentioned objectives. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1178] => Array ( [objectID] => 1927 [title] => Society for Human Rights and Development Organisation (SHRDO) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/society-for-human-rights-and-development-organisation-shrdo/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7fa4e99edfffcd36e4463f3faa32664c_2.png [extrait] => The Society for Human Rights and Development Organisation (SHRDO) – Formally MRU youth parliament – purpose is for peace & development and its activities are base on Sub Regional Peace Consolidations, Peace Promotion & Peace Maintenance across Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea & Ivory Coast by the Youngsters/ Youth Leaders themselves that agitates for regional reintegration, […] [texte] => The Society for Human Rights and Development Organisation (SHRDO) - Formally MRU youth parliament - purpose is for peace & development and its activities are base on Sub Regional Peace Consolidations, Peace Promotion & Peace Maintenance across Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea & Ivory Coast by the Youngsters/ Youth Leaders themselves that agitates for regional reintegration, regional peace & security, regional cooperation, political and economic stability in the sub region- it has worked with the UN backed Special Court for Sierra Leone that its mandate did not permit any dead penalty on all convicts. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sierra Leone ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1179] => Array ( [objectID] => 1928 [title] => Legal Awareness Watch (LAW) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/legal-awareness-watch-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Legal Awareness Watch (LAW) is a nonpartisan, non-profitable NGO registered under law since 1999, holding registration number 1388. Since its creation, LAW has been advocating, and raising awareness in Pakistan on human rights of prisoners in 104 Pakistani prisons i.e. the right to vote, right to dignity, right to life etc. Apart from the promotion […] [texte] => Legal Awareness Watch (LAW) is a nonpartisan, non-profitable NGO registered under law since 1999, holding registration number 1388. Since its creation, LAW has been advocating, and raising awareness in Pakistan on human rights of prisoners in 104 Pakistani prisons i.e. the right to vote, right to dignity, right to life etc.Apart from the promotion of human rights, LAW has been running awareness-raising advocacy on the abolition of the barbaric death penalty and the miserable imprisonment practices used against the marginalized (including women and children).To achieve its objectives, LAW with the help of stakeholders and volunteers implements advocacy sessions and forums on the above subjects across Pakistan. LAW does not only implement awareness-raising advocacy sessions on the above cited law but also defends children, women and marginalized groups placed on trial across Pakistan. Thus, LAW has a two-fold agenda:1. advocacy on the laws promulgated for children; and2. adovcacy on individual cases of vulnerable children such as street children of all categories and juveniles facing and convicted of offences punishable by death or mass imprisonment, including blasphemy offence under Section 295 A, B, and C of Pakistan Penal Code 1860.LAW encourages the implementation of the Juvenile Justice System Act 2018 as well as the Destitute and Neglected Children Act 2004 in light of the United Nations Convention on Child Rights (CRC) which the State of Pakistan ratified and signed in 1990. Laws and regulations on children should be implemented in light of the CRC, particularly in accordance with General Comment No. 10 and 21 construing domestic laws by virtue of Article 37 and Article 6 of the CRC which forbid awarding life imprisonment without parole and death sentences upon children even in rare of rarest circumstances. Despite ratification of the CRC in 1990, there were instances where Pakistan both sent under-aged children to the gallows or murdered them extra judicially in police custody or subjected them to extreme violence. LAW is committed to challenging brutality and violence of all forms usually inflicted upon children and marginalized people at all levels of the society and system of criminal justice. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1180] => Array ( [objectID] => 1929 [title] => Coalition nigérienne contre la peine de mort [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalition-nigerienne-contre-la-peine-de-mort/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c36f674dd11a187e254e6994630e3016_2-300x208.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; direction: ltr; line-height: 120%; text-align: left; }a:link { color: rgb(157, 69, 79); } [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1181] => Array ( [objectID] => 1930 [title] => Vivere [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/vivere/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9440f6b7eeecbc8b6a7191c4401955f7_2-300x149.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1182] => Array ( [objectID] => 1931 [title] => International Association of Lawyers [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-association-of-lawyers/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1e57c3e2026d6dfd41a23bd441ad0ecf_2.jpg [extrait] => Established in 1927, and with members in 110 countries, the UIA (International Association of Lawyers) is a global and multi-cultural organization for the legal profession that facilitates professional development, stimulates learning and networking, and promotes the Rule of Law. UIA is open to all the world’s lawyers, both general practitioners and specialists. The UIA’s members […] [texte] => Established in 1927, and with members in 110 countries, the UIA (International Association of Lawyers) is a global and multi-cultural organization for the legal profession that facilitates professional development, stimulates learning and networking, and promotes the Rule of Law.UIA is open to all the world’s lawyers, both general practitioners and specialists. The UIA's members have extensive legal expertise, which is reflected in high-level legal debates within its technical commissions and working groups, as well as in resolutions adopted regarding current problems faced by the legal profession throughout the world.UIA enjoys special consultative status with ECOSOC and participative status with the Council of Europe.In 2003, UIA was the first international association of lawyers to adopt a firm stance in favour of the abolition of the death penalty, and it continues to unceasingly campaign against capital punishment.Since 2015, the UIA Institute for the Rule of Law (UIA-IROL) has assumed the task of promoting the Rule of Law and supporting and defending, in particular lawyers, judges and human rights defenders who are harassed, threatened and/or persecuted in the exercise of their professions, the independence of the legal and judicial professions, and the Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers, especially in defense of human rights. UIA-IROL also ensures UIA’s longstanding commitment to the abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1183] => Array ( [objectID] => 1932 [title] => Réseau Marocain Euromed des ONG [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/reseau-marocain-euromed-des-ong/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/5294f0f6150d4aa6920ac380ae6a58dc_2.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1184] => Array ( [objectID] => 1933 [title] => Observatoire burundais des prisons [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/observatoire-burundais-des-prisons/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1185] => Array ( [objectID] => 1934 [title] => Ordre des avocats du Barreau de Versailles [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ordre-des-avocats-du-barreau-de-versailles/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1c8e8d178e5ba585583499050081c695_2.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1186] => Array ( [objectID] => 1895 [title] => Association Justice et Miséricorde (AJEM) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-justice-et-misericorde-ajem/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e4f638c5d73564ec4edea06817a43cc7_2.jpg [extrait] => The Association Justice and Mercy (AJEM) is a Lebanese nonprofit, nonpolitical and nonsectarian nongovernmental organization (NGO) created in 1996 at the initiative of a group of social workers. AJEM deals mainly with the right of prisoners in Lebanon, and more generally with human rights, the fight against torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, […] [texte] => The Association Justice and Mercy (AJEM) is a Lebanese nonprofit, nonpolitical and nonsectarian nongovernmental organization (NGO) created in 1996 at the initiative of a group of social workers. AJEM deals mainly with the right of prisoners in Lebanon, and more generally with human rights, the fight against torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, and works to abolish the death penalty."The National Coalition for the Abolition of Death Penalty in Lebanon"Early 1997, the first initiative to abolish the death penalty was launched with the participation of celebrities and several NGOs including AJEM . It was at the initiative of AJEM and ADDL (Association for Defense of Human Rights and Freedoms) that the first collective public statement calling for the abolition of the death penalty was launched on May 21, 1998. A wide program of innovative activities has been set up by this movement. As such, it may be noted the implementation of a large demonstration against public executions of two young boys in the town of Tarbaja (Mount Lebanon) on May 20, 1998. The slogan was: "We mourn the victims of crime as well as the first victims of the execution." Members of the movement, including the president of AJEM, stood back in the place of execution, blocking the road with a banner in black and white, so that judges, religious men, security forces, the media and many others could stop and read the slogan.The event made the headlines in a dozen newspapers and local media, Arab and international and was heralded as a milestone in the history of the abolition of death penalty in Lebanon. An early success of this national campaign was the cancellation of the law 302/94 known as the "killer law" which stated that "everyone will be killer (it) killed" regardless of mitigating circumstances. (Act 302/94) Another important result of the launch of the campaign process to abolish the death penalty in Lebanon, was that lawyers, researchers and human rights legislators submitted three bills and proposals to replace the death penalty between 2001 and 2009. On June 30, 2004, a bill was submitted by seven MPs to abolish the death penalty and replace it with life imprisonment and hard labor without the possibility of parole. But the proposal was not developed. In 2006, it is still the "national campaign" (to abolish the death penalty) that prepared a bill that offered the right to study the nature and circumstances of each crime with the opportunity to benefit from the Article 4 of Law 163/2002. It was signed by seven members and introduced in Parliament by MPs and a member of the "campaign": Ghassan MOUKHAIBER. But the project remained unanswered. Finally, in 2008, Dr. Ibhrahim Najjar, Minister of Justice submitted his bill to the Presidency of the Republic and the Cabinet so that the death penalty be abolished and replaced by life imprisonment doubled with forced labor. But this project was not put on the agenda. It is also important to note the parliamentary initiative of 2007, as part of the "National Campaign for Human Rights" which led to important discussions in Parliament on the abolition of the death penalty and possible alternatives, in the presence of members of the "national campaign", organizations and associations defending human rights and of the Members concerned. In addition to research alternatives, this movement has produced statistical documents and publications, and organised trainings, conferences and events with families of victims etc.. The most notable result is the de facto moratorium that prevailed in Lebanon since 2004 and in which this movement has played a major role.The World Day against the Death Penalty on 10/10/2011On the occasion of the Ninth World Day against the Death Penalty held on Monday, October 10, 2011, AJEM has established an advocacy and information destined for the Lebanese people on the death penalty. It hoped thereby to show their support for Lebanese sentenced to death, currently numbering 57, including three women in Lebanese prisons. On October 10, 2011, AJEM was therefore present on the Place de l'Etoile (Beirut Center) from 15:30. AJEM a booth with information the following documents: - the petition "CALL FOR A UNIVERSAL MORATORIUM ON THE DEATH PENALTY" proposed by the World Coalition, in English and French. - The petition "CALL FOR ABOLITION OF DEATH PENALTY IN LEBANON" conducted by AJEM, in both French and Arabic. - "Facts and Figures" on the death penalty worldwide, proposed by the World Coalition, in English and French - The brochure entitled "the death penalty is inhuman," proposed by the World Coalition, in English and French. - "Facts and Figures" on the death penalty in Lebanon, document produced by AJEM, French and Arabic. - Posters of the 9th World Day against the death penalty The World Coalition in French: "the death penalty is inhumane." - Posters of different projects AJEM (torture, violence and drugs) The signing of petitions was a major success. The Lebanese Association ALEF was also present. The flash mob was able to start around 17h after a few words of Father Hady AYA, president of AJEM. All members and persons AJEM especially present on the occasion of this event, donned white masks, in addition to their shirt, and left to stand in front of AJEM, in procession, the music of "Requiem for a Dream," to place before the Lebanese parliament. All participants hava stayed silenced for 2 minutes before the parliament in protest against the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1187] => Array ( [objectID] => 1896 [title] => Act for Human Rights (ALEF) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-libanaise-pour-leducation-el-la-formation-alef/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/52a7494159529c38b9c69e9946ba4f27_2-300x176.jpg [extrait] => Act for Human Rights previously know as “Association libanaise pour l’éducation et la formation” core mandate is Monitoring and Advocacy. Its main concern are Human Rights issues, thus the organization has been advocating against death penalty. Currently our project activities are the following: Death Penalty Abolition Activities in Lebanon- ALEF – act for human rights […] [texte] => Act for Human Rights previously know as "Association libanaise pour l'éducation et la formation" core mandate is Monitoring and Advocacy. Its main concern are Human Rights issues, thus the organization has been advocating against death penalty. Currently our project activities are the following:Death Penalty Abolition Activities in Lebanon- ALEF - act for human rights1- Competition on the Best Human Rights Defense (Moot Court Simulation)Law students in their 4th year from 2 prominent universities will split up into two teams, to compete against each other in preparing the best human rights defense for a real case of an individual who has been convicted to the capital punishment. The team who will present the best human rights defense will win a “Human Rights Trophy”. ALEF along with the above-mentioned university is also looking into the possibility to turn this activity into an annual competition, in order to engage law students into the practice of international human rights law. (April 2012)2- Media CompetitionUniversity students focusing on media are asked to engage in a competition where they will have to shoot a short clip video showing how cruel and inhumane the death penalty is. A professional jury formed by ALEF will then select the best video that will be awarded with a Cannon eos 550 D camera. (Deadline December 5th 2011)3- Round tableA debate over the issue of religion and the death penalty will be sparkled in this forum where relevant representatives from different confessions and political parties will be invited to see what the challenges and impediments in the abolition of the death penalty in Lebanon are. This debate will be unique in terms of tackling the death penalty issue through religion and sociology, other than legislation and politics. (February 2012)4- Outreach materialThe outreach strategy foresees the distribution of informative material to different groups to raise awareness on the inhumanity of the death penalty and present the objectives of the campaign. The campaign goes under the motto “hangman is not a game” and the variety of the material produced will be branded with the logo of this facebook page: Shot glasses will be to students and youngsters in general in pubs Coasters will be handled to restaurants in order to reach the general public Flyers will be given to people in crowded streets. (October, November & December 2011)a- Leaflets & Pins will be handled to students and faculty staff in 4 prominent universities in Lebanonb- Posters will be given to other NGOs5- GraffitiThis is a new tactic in promoting human rights. 4 graffiti drawings will be created by artists to show the cruelty of the death penalty. These graffiti will be drawn on the walls of the most crowded streets in Beirut. (February, March, April 2012)6- Death Penalty DayOn October 10th, a joint - press conference (Alef-act for human rights, Lebanese Centre for Human Rights (CLDH), European Union, human rights activists) was held at the journalist syndicate in Beirut to raise awareness about the issue of death penalty. On the same day, a peaceful sit was organized in partnership with other NGOs in front of the Lebanese parliament. This last action was broadly covered by the local media. (October 2011)7- Informative presentation at universitiesThe issue of the death penalty in Lebanon and in particular Alef’s campaign will be presented in different sessions in prominent universities. to gain support against the death penalty among students of those universities. (February – March 2012)8- Journalist training in partnership with PRI (Penal Reform International) This training held last October provided journalists with the knowledge and skills needed in order to raise their voices against death penalty through their media outlets.16 journalists and bloggers were trained on using a tool kit to advocate against death penalty. (October 2011)9- Mass SMS campaign In this campaign, 100,000 thousand SMS messages will be sent to mobile phones in Lebanon. 50,000 SMS were sent in the first wave on October 10th (International day against Death Penalty), and 50,000 more will be sent on the 10th of December (International day for human rights). The target audience is selected carefully to include professionals such as doctors and lawyers, and politicians not to mention students from different universities. The message displayed “say no to the death penalty” will be sent along the link to the facebook page and website of the project. (October – December 2011)10- Create a facebook/twitter page In order to reap the benefits of social media and since it is expanding rapidly and involving youth from all over the world, a facebook and twitter page for the project was created. In these pages, all the official news of the project are being published in order to keep the audience updated and aware of the news related to the death penalty in Lebanon and of the activities foreseen in the project. (October 2011) [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1188] => Array ( [objectID] => 1897 [title] => League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/league-of-women-lawyers-of-tajikistan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3a03b911c663a6adc274a60faae567b2_2.jpg [extrait] => The League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan aims at improving the legal consciousness of citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan, the protection of civil, social, economic and cultural rights of women in Tajikistan, gender equality, improving women’s status in society lawyer, as well as assisting in the preparation of legal training among young girls. League […] [texte] => The League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan aims at improving the legal consciousness of citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan, the protection of civil, social, economic and cultural rights of women in Tajikistan, gender equality, improving women's status in society lawyer, as well as assisting in the preparation of legal training among young girls. League was created to fulfill and protect the civil and social rights and freedoms of citizens participating in the creation of a sovereign, democratic, secular and unitary state of Tajikistan, through the coordination and implementation of programs and projects aimed at achieving social development, equal access to opportunities for men and women in all spheres of activity, reducing violence against women and assistance to vulnerable populations and risk groups in Tajikistan. For instance, it:• Operates a telephone hotline to provide legal and psychological assistance to the population;• Provides free legal advice and assistance in the forms not prohibited by the laws of the Republic of Tatarstan to women, including mothers of large families, widows, mothers - single, etc.;• Provides protection for victims of violence during the investigation and in court;• Conducted an independent examination of draft laws concerning the rights of women;• Operates on the abolition of the death penalty in Tajikistan• Conduct thematic workshops in all regions of the country to raise the legal consciousness of the population;• Prepares and distributes brochures on women's rights;• Conducted education on child rights in schools in Dushanbe and other cities and districts.• Provides legal assistance to former prisoners.Our organization has been involved in the abolition of the death penalty in Tajikistan since 2000. We hold international conferences and involve government agencies, in particular the Office of the President of Tajikistan. On 17 May 2011, we held an international conference entitled "Central Asia without the death penalty" which was attended by Ruth Dreifuss and Christian Durish Acosta from the International Commission against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tajikistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1189] => Array ( [objectID] => 1898 [title] => Centre d’Observation des Droits de l’Homme et d’Assistance Sociale (CODHAS) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/centre-dobservation-des-droits-de-lhomme-et-dassistance-sociale-codhas/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => CODHAS aims to: – Contribute to the defense and promotion of human rights in the province of North Kivu; – Contribute to the promotion of peace and reconciliation; – Contribute to the promotion of gender Art6. Achieving these aims, in particular through the following strategies: – Organization of activities for the extension of Congolese law […] [texte] => CODHAS aims to:- Contribute to the defense and promotion of human rights in the province of North Kivu;- Contribute to the promotion of peace and reconciliation;- Contribute to the promotion of gender Art6.Achieving these aims, in particular through the following strategies:- Organization of activities for the extension of Congolese law and international legal instruments ratified by the Democratic Republic of the Congo;- Collaboration with other national and international organizations for the promotion and defense of human rights and peace;- Organization of capacity building activities of the members of CODHAS and its target population;- Dissemination of experiences in various fields of human rights, peace and gender;- Action of lobbying and advocacy locally, nationally and internationally on various issues concerning human rights;- Provision of medico-legal assistance to girls and women victims of gender violence and victims of torture;- Organization of visits to places of detention.CODHAS works on the death penalty through advocacy with legislators in the DRC, but also in communities, by organizing conferences, debates, radio and television programs. CODHAS also participated in the ninth World Day against the death penalty on 10 October 2011. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1190] => Array ( [objectID] => 1899 [title] => Legal Defence & Assistance Project (LEDAP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/legal-defence-assistance-project-ledap/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => LEDAP – Legal Defence & Assistance Project provides legal aid to victims of human rights violations, campaign for abolition of the death penalty in Nigeria, documentation of unlawful killings in Nigeria, support to torture survivors, domestic violence support to victims, legislative advocacy on criminal justice, gender violence, human rights. LEDAP is a member of the […] [texte] => LEDAP - Legal Defence & Assistance Project provides legal aid to victims of human rights violations, campaign for abolition of the death penalty in Nigeria, documentation of unlawful killings in Nigeria, support to torture survivors, domestic violence support to victims, legislative advocacy on criminal justice, gender violence, human rights.LEDAP is a member of the National Death Penalty Group (NDELPEG), a network of NGOs and campaigners for abolition of the death penalty in Nigeria, of the Coalition against Rape in Nigeria, and the Coalition against violence in election. It has Observer status with the African Commision on Human and Peoples Rights. It also works with Advocat Sans Frontieres, Amnesty International and the National Human Rights Commission.Regarding its work on the death penalty, it organized training for journalists and NGOs road walk on October 10 2009, 2010, 2011 on World Day against the use of the death penalty, prepared draft bill for abolition of death penalty, and legal defence for over 40 persons on death row in Nigeria.LEDAP is the West Africa Focal Point of the Coalition on Effective African Court on Human and People's Rights'. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1191] => Array ( [objectID] => 1900 [title] => Center for Constitutional Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/center-for-constitutional-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Center for Constitutional Rights is an American NGO based in New York. The Center for Constitutional Rights is committed to fighting injustice on many fronts, as demonstrated by the breadth of our cases as well as our organizing work. CCR works on a wide range of issues: illegal surveillance and attacks on dissent, Criminal Justice […] [texte] => Center for Constitutional Rights is an American NGO based in New York.The Center for Constitutional Rights is committed to fighting injustice on many fronts, as demonstrated by the breadth of our cases as well as our organizing work. CCR works on a wide range of issues: illegal surveillance and attacks on dissent, Criminal Justice and Mass Incarceration, Corporate Human Rights Abuse, Government Abuse of Power, Racial, Gender and Economic Justice, International Law and Accountability.Main actions:• Litigation• Advocacy• Public education• Media work [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1192] => Array ( [objectID] => 1901 [title] => Kurdistan Human Rights Network [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kurdistan-human-rights-network/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/26547b82497567c1f32c9f261ba7c985_2.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1193] => Array ( [objectID] => 1902 [title] => Capital Punishment Justice Project (CPJP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/capital-punishment-justice-project-cpjp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ceb0c953e0ab246d797b80d6dd5f4127_2-300x219.jpg [extrait] => Capital Punishment Justice Project – CPJP (formerly known as Reprieve Australia) is an Australian NGO working to assist in the provision of effective legal representation and humanitarian assistance to those facing the death penalty at the hands of the State. CPJP also works to raise awareness of the application of the death penalty by the […] [texte] => Capital Punishment Justice Project - CPJP (formerly known as Reprieve Australia) is an Australian NGO working to assist in the provision of effective legal representation and humanitarian assistance to those facing the death penalty at the hands of the State. CPJP also works to raise awareness of the application of the death penalty by the State and associated Human Rights.Main actions:- Sending volunteers to work overseas, directly assisting those facing the death penalty. This has traditionally been done in the USA, but the NGO is in the process of expanding in South East Asia.- Raising awareness in Australia and conducting campaigns in response to major issues.- Mercy Campaign: mercycampaign.org.au- Keeping a social media presence and a newsletter to their members. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1194] => Array ( [objectID] => 1903 [title] => Save Anthony [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/save-anthony/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Save Anthony is a charity registered under the 1901 French law. It is designed to promote the story and finance the privately retained legal team of Anthony Mungin, sentenced to death and incarcerated at the Union Correctional Institution in Raiford, Florida (USA) since February 23rd, 1993. Anthony Mungin has always maintained his innocence for the […] [texte] => Save Anthony is a charity registered under the 1901 French law. It is designed to promote the story and finance the privately retained legal team of Anthony Mungin, sentenced to death and incarcerated at the Union Correctional Institution in Raiford, Florida (USA) since February 23rd, 1993. Anthony Mungin has always maintained his innocence for the crime for which he has been sentenced to death.His words:"Since 1993 I have been fighting zealously to stay alive long enough to prove I am innocent of murder. I’ve been compelled to endure this plight without a father, mother nor family support of any kind. I am not deterred by defeats and setbacks, but rather gain new strength from them. I have seen some death row prisoners give up on life with only resigned sigh. Others fight a little, then lose hope. Still others –and I am one of those- never give up. I fight and fight and fight! I fight no matter the cost of battle, the losses I take, the improbability of success. I don’t think it is a question of courage. It’s something constitutional – an inability to let go of life, in which, I have a right to live."Anthony Mungin [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1195] => Array ( [objectID] => 1904 [title] => Confédération générale du travail (CGT) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/confederation-generale-du-travail-cgt/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/abb742c61a572407f59b7fc07dd2a103_2.gif [extrait] => The General Confederation of Labour (Confédération générale du travail – CGT) is based in France and is strong of 690,000 members. It is affiliated to the European Trade Union Confederation and the International Trade Union Confederation and is one of the confederated unions representing France. Through its analysis, proposals and action, it aims at developping […] [texte] => The General Confederation of Labour (Confédération générale du travail - CGT) is based in France and is strong of 690,000 members. It is affiliated to the European Trade Union Confederation and the International Trade Union Confederation and is one of the confederated unions representing France. Through its analysis, proposals and action, it aims at developping in society the ideals of freedom, equality, justice, secularism, brotherhood and solidarity. These ideals are translated into individual and collective guarantees: the right to education, employment, social protection, the means to live with dignity in the workplace, family and community, freedom of opinion and expression, industrial action, strikes and intervention in social and economic life, in business and in society. At the international level it works in major projects of solidarity and pays particular attention to the logic of sustainable human development. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1196] => Array ( [objectID] => 1905 [title] => International Academic Network for the Abolition of Capital Punishment (REPECAP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-academic-network-for-the-abolition-of-capital-punishment-repecap/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/4a20519a06e540a2374e2b633776b038_2-300x276.jpg [extrait] => REPECAP was founded in 2009 with the aim of supporting preparations for the creation of the International Commission against the Death Penalty that was created a year later. We represent a non-governmental organization whose purpose is of academic nature for the dissemination of scientific knowledge impartially through its many nodes present at prestigious Universities around […] [texte] => REPECAP was founded in 2009 with the aim of supporting preparations for the creation of the International Commission against the Death Penalty that was created a year later. We represent a non-governmental organization whose purpose is of academic nature for the dissemination of scientific knowledge impartially through its many nodes present at prestigious Universities around the world. It also seeks to highlight the fact that capital punishment is an act of cruelty intolerable to the international community and its elimination is linked with the fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals.Kind of actions: Congress, seminars, teaching, publishing.Membership of the organization: Max Planck Institute, Irish Centre of Human Rights, Instituto nacional de ciencias penales, Institute of Economic Criminal Law & European Law University Coimbra, College de France, ...Composition of the board: William Schabas, Cherif Bassiouni, Mireille Delmas - Marty, Hans Joerg Albrecht, Ulrich Sieber, Kanako Takayama, Peter Hodgkinson, Anabela Miranda Rodriguez, Sergio Garcia Ramirez, Paloma Biglino Campos, Eduardo Vetere, Luis Arroyo Zapatero, Silvia Steiner, Stefano Manacorda, Sandra Babcock [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1197] => Array ( [objectID] => 1906 [title] => Civil Rights and Social Justice Society (CRSJS) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/civil-rights-and-social-justice-society-crsjs/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7914429d6cfb0b2545912b654c44a0e5_2-262x300.jpg [extrait] => The Civil Rights and Social Justice Society (CRSJS) is a human rights NGO registered under the Travancore Cochin, Literary, Scientific and Charitable Societies Registration Act, 1955 in Kerala State, India in the year 1997. The members of CRSJS are persons committed to the promotion and protection of human rights in all spheres. However the main […] [texte] => The Civil Rights and Social Justice Society (CRSJS) is a human rights NGO registered under the Travancore Cochin, Literary, Scientific and Charitable Societies Registration Act, 1955 in Kerala State, India in the year 1997.The members of CRSJS are persons committed to the promotion and protection of human rights in all spheres. However the main area of focus of the Society is on the police atrocities in Kerala state, India. The Society has been regularly conducting awareness campaigns, seminars, workshops etc. It also renders free legal aid and financial assistance to the victims of human rights violations in Kerala state, India. CRSJS has taken up many a worthy cause with the National and State Human Rights Commissions and in the courts with successful results. CRSJS also focuses on creating awareness about human rights at the grass roots level. It partners with the YHRI – India (Youth for Human Rights International –India) in Kerala state, India and conducts the International Walk for Human Rights in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala state, India on the World Human Rights Day -10th December every year.CRSJS is also associated with the Save Sharmila Solidarity Campaign (SSSC); a nationwide campaign to ensure justice to the Manipuri Poetess and human rights activist Ms. Irom Sharmila who has been on a 12 year old hunger strike to withdraw the Armed Forces Special Powers Act from her homeland and has been actively coordinating its activities in Kerala State, India.The Rajiv Gandhi Literacy Fund (RGLF) which is owned and managed by CRSJS gives financial assistance to a few under privileged children for their education.CRSJS believes that Capital Punishment is a sin against humanity and a reprehensible crime and longs for the day when this scourge is finally eradicated from India and the world.CRSJS depends solely on the funds mobilized from its members and has an undeclared policy of not accepting contributions from non members and funding agencies which has been strictly adhered to ever since its inception in 1997. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1198] => Array ( [objectID] => 1907 [title] => Quaker United Nations Office, Geneva [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/quaker-united-nations-office-geneva/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9b106b67906310a3ebcf5e2b50ed71ec_2.jpg [extrait] => The Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO) serves as a Quaker presence at the United Nations (UN) in Geneva and New York. QUNO represents Quaker concerns at the international level, under the auspices of the Friends World Committee for Consultation (Quakers), the international Quaker body which has General Consultative Status with the UN. In addition to […] [texte] => The Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO) serves as a Quaker presence at the United Nations (UN) in Geneva and New York. QUNO represents Quaker concerns at the international level, under the auspices of the Friends World Committee for Consultation (Quakers), the international Quaker body which has General Consultative Status with the UN.In addition to representing Quakers, QUNO facilitates dialogue and works on specific issues in a manner that is unusual in the UN community. QUNO advocacy is carried out in a number of ways, particularly by facilitating informal, open processes in which all participate on an equal footing. QUNO staff work with people in the UN, multilateral organisations, government delegations and non-governmental organisations to achieve changes in international law and practice.QUNO’s work is based on the Quaker belief in the innate worth of every person. Quakers have long been active on criminal justice issues and have a pro-abolitionist history on capital punishment that spans over three centuries. QUNO’s recent work has focussed on children of prisoners. QUNO is currently investigating the impacts on children of having a parent sentenced to death or executed, something which is rarely considered.Watch the video about this new project! [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1199] => Array ( [objectID] => 1908 [title] => Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for the Promotion of Human Rights and Democracy in Iran [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/abdorrahman-boroumand-foundation-for-the-promotion-of-human-rights-and-democracy-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7e762778174e40ed9d148fdc8627d5be_2.png [extrait] => Abdorrahman Boroumand Center previously know as Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation Mandate and goals : Promoting universal human rights in Iran and documenting the violation of the right to life in the Islamic Republic of Iran Kind of actions : Creation of an online memorial to the victims of the violation of the right to life in […] [texte] => Abdorrahman Boroumand Center previously know as Abdorrahman Boroumand FoundationMandate and goals :Promoting universal human rights in Iran and documenting the violation of the right to life in the Islamic Republic of IranKind of actions :Creation of an online memorial to the victims of the violation of the right to life in Iran and creation of a virtual library promoting human rightsABC previously know as Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation is currently working on a multimedia campaign against death penalty in Iran. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1200] => Array ( [objectID] => 1909 [title] => The Death Penalty Project (DPP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-death-penalty-project-dpp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/030b040946f7d6124f7a781569f56410_2.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Project is an international legal action charity, based in London, working to promote and protect the human rights of those facing the death penalty. We provide free legal representation to death row prisoners around the world, with a focus on Commonwealth countries, to highlight miscarriages of justice and breaches of human rights. […] [texte] => The Death Penalty Project is an international legal action charity, based in London, working to promote and protect the human rights of those facing the death penalty.We provide free legal representation to death row prisoners around the world, with a focus on Commonwealth countries, to highlight miscarriages of justice and breaches of human rights. We also assist other vulnerable prisoners, including juveniles, those who suffer from mental health issues and prisoners serving long-term sentences.For more than three decades, our work has played a critical role in identifying miscarriages of justice, promoting minimum fair-trial guarantees in capital cases, and in establishing violations of domestic and international law. Through our legal work, the application of the death penalty has been restricted in many countries in line with international human rights standards.To complement our legal activities, we conduct capacity building activities for members of the judiciary, defence lawyers and prosecutors; commission studies on criminal justice and human rights issues relating to the death penalty; and engage in dialogue with governments and key stakeholders to promote informed debate. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1201] => Array ( [objectID] => 1910 [title] => Lebanese Association for Civil Rights (LACR) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lebanese-association-for-civil-rights-lacr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/babcdeb92cd8dc8c4a5943e951d4167d_2-300x147.jpg [extrait] => The Lebanese Association for Civil Rights – LACR was founded in 2003 as a continuation of an action experienced since 1983 by two pioneers of the culture of non-violence in Lebanon and the Arab world: Walid Slaybi and Ogarit Younan. They are both writers, researchers, sociologists, pioneers of active training in Lebanon and grassroots activists. […] [texte] => The Lebanese Association for Civil Rights - LACR was founded in 2003 as a continuation of an action experienced since 1983 by two pioneers of the culture of non-violence in Lebanon and the Arab world: Walid Slaybi and Ogarit Younan. They are both writers, researchers, sociologists, pioneers of active training in Lebanon and grassroots activists. Dr. Younan and Dr. Slaybi were also the founders in 1997 of the National Coalition/Campaign to Abolish the death penalty, which brings together 70 associations and parties and dozens of individuals. They also accompanied the World Coalition the World Congress for the abolition since their debut in 2001.Recognized for its innovative expertise in the field of active training and non-violent direct action, LACR works for civil peace, citizenship and change the confessional system, socio-economic and political rights, humanistic education, and justice. LACR is a member of several local, regional and international networks, three of which were initiated and coordinated by it. It is also the objective of LACR to found other movements and institutions working together for the same values as the overall project, including: Non-violent homes in villages (BILAD; educational nuclei anchored at the heart of communities) young Citizens Non-denominational Non-violent (CHAML; political action movement), Mothers for civil peace (UMAHAT), Non-violence Without Borders for the Arab world (regional network), and the Academic University for Non -violence and Human Rights in the Arab World (AUNOHR) with nine specializations at Master level. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1202] => Array ( [objectID] => 1911 [title] => Inmates’Voices [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/inmatesvoices/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/82b324d8fcd777ef36d863c124144bdf_2-300x160.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1203] => Array ( [objectID] => 1912 [title] => Catholic Commission for Social Justice (CCSJ) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/catholic-commission-for-social-justice-ccsj/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mandate and goals : To be a fearless united voice challenging injustice, awakening social consciousness and fostering integral development. We strive for this through: Social Justice Education and Advocacy; Promoting people-centred development, and; Working for the transformation of inequitable structures and systems Kind of actions : Promote and create opportunities, structures and programmes to achieve […] [texte] => Mandate and goals :To be a fearless united voice challenging injustice, awakening social consciousness and fostering integral development. We strive for this through: Social Justice Education and Advocacy; Promoting people-centred development, and; Working for the transformation of inequitable structures and systemsKind of actions :Promote and create opportunities, structures and programmes to achieve social justice; Educate the people of God in values and virtuous living; Raise awareness of the wider community of the social teaching of the Catholic Church; Promote pro-life ministry; Raise awareness of our responsibility as stewards of CreationActions aiming at the abolition of the death penalty:- Co Sponsor of the International Conference on the Death Penalty to be held October 1, 2013 at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago;- Media Releases- Prayer Vigils- Seminars [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1204] => Array ( [objectID] => 1913 [title] => Chaml (Non-Violent Non-Sectarian Lebanese Citizenly Youth) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/chaml-non-violent-non-sectarian-lebanese-citizenly-youth/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7136ca75ff04bb1fbf3c3030c40017bc_2-300x114.png [extrait] => Mandate and goals : Spread the culture of non-violence, non-sectarianism and human rights and advocate for political/legal change that is relevant to our values. We have five principles: Non-sectarianism, Non-violence, Justice, Democracy, and Sovereignty. Kind of actions : – Raise awareness, protest, and lobby to pass the Lebanese Personal Status law – Document sectarian hate […] [texte] => Mandate and goals :Spread the culture of non-violence, non-sectarianism and human rights and advocate for political/legal change that is relevant to our values. We have five principles: Non-sectarianism, Non-violence, Justice, Democracy, and Sovereignty.Kind of actions :- Raise awareness, protest, and lobby to pass the Lebanese Personal Status law- Document sectarian hate speech and file legal charges against politicians who are guilty of such speech- Educate hundreds of youth on the values of non-violence and non-sectarianism through workshops- Protest to support labor rights, women rights, electoral reforms, civil rights and social rights- Protest to abolish the death penalty in Lebanon in addition to visiting inmates on death row inside Lebanese prisons in order to include them in the efforts to abolish the death penalty in Lebanon.Actions aiming at the abolition of the death penalty:We have taken part in many national conferences aiming at abolishing the death penalty. We have also organized and given several trainings on the subject to many young people. Additionally, we have organized and implemented a direct action (theatrical protest) at the Saudi embassy in Lebanon on the same day we heard that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was planning to execute a Lebanese national on charges of sorcery. Our most recent action was participation in a protest/march with LACR and AJEM on the international day to abolish the death penalty on 10 October 2012 - The march headed to both the ministry of justice and the headquarters of the military court to remind the pubic and demand those in charge of our demands to abolish the death penalty in Lebanon.Chaml is also a member of the national coalition for abolishing the death penalty in Lebanon. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1205] => Array ( [objectID] => 1914 [title] => Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo (GAM) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/grupo-de-apoyo-mutuo-gam/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/d4a51c54007bb81ea3547e775b8a08d1_2.jpg [extrait] => Mandate and goals: Organization of relatives of missing persons illegally detained which works for justice, investigating past cases, opening legal proceedings against the national system and the human rights system. Kind of actions: We work for justice, for the strengthening of the institutions linked to the criminal investigation and against the death penalty. Actions aiming […] [texte] => Mandate and goals:Organization of relatives of missing persons illegally detained which works for justice, investigating past cases, opening legal proceedings against the national system and the human rights system.Kind of actions:We work for justice, for the strengthening of the institutions linked to the criminal investigation and against the death penalty.Actions aiming at the abolition of the death penalty:We conduct lobbying at the Congress of the Republic, awareness campaigns, agreements with universities to promote fighting the death penalty among law students and lobbying judges to eradicate this practice in our country. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guatemala ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1206] => Array ( [objectID] => 1875 [title] => Ordine Provinciale dei Medici-Chirurgi e degli Odontoiatri di Firenze [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ordine-provinciale-dei-medici-chirurgi-e-degli-odontoiatri-di-firenze/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/835bad3e79168f1db173211548a54cec_2.gif [extrait] => The Provincial Order of Doctors, Surgeons and Dentists in Florence is a member of the World Coalition. [texte] => The Provincial Order of Doctors, Surgeons and Dentists in Florence is amember of the World Coalition. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1207] => Array ( [objectID] => 1876 [title] => Organisation Marocaine des Droits Humains [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/organisation-marocaine-des-droits-humains/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9fb0c9e667f6e9dc8239664fddbd3acc_2.jpg [extrait] => The Moroccan Organisation for Human Rights (OMDH) aims to diffuse and deepen the awareness of individual and collective human rights in socio-economic, cultural, civil and political matters. Working with other Moroccan, Arabic, African and international organisations, it organises conferences, debates, research, investigations and exhibitions as well as a video competition on human rights. The OMDH […] [texte] => The Moroccan Organisation for Human Rights (OMDH) aims to diffuse and deepen the awareness of individual and collective human rights in socio-economic, cultural, civil and political matters.Working with other Moroccan, Arabic, African and international organisations, it organises conferences, debates, research, investigations and exhibitions as well as a video competition on human rights. The OMDH creates specialised documentation, publishes reports and helps victims of human rights’ violations.The OMDH is mainly composed of lawyers, academics, journalists, doctors, professionals and civil servants. It has branches in 12 major Moroccan cities and continues its expansion across other cities of the kingdom. The organisation supports the project for an inter-Arab coalition against the death penalty. Its president, AminaBouayach, chaired a discussion on this subject during the 3rd World Congress against the death penalty in Paris in February 2007. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1208] => Array ( [objectID] => 1877 [title] => Organisation Mondiale Contre la Torture (OMCT) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/organisation-mondiale-contre-la-torture-omct/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e02f6c249d3b031617dcaf59e8af9997_2-300x181.jpg [extrait] => The OMCT is an independent, non-partisan, non-sectarian, Swiss international non-governmental organisation, founded in Geneva in 1985. It is today the leading global civil society network against torture including more than 200 local member organisations operating in over 90 countries around the world. Driven by the needs of its SOS-Torture Network members, the OMCT engages in […] [texte] => The OMCT is an independent, non-partisan, non-sectarian, Swiss international non-governmental organisation, founded in Geneva in 1985. It is today the leading global civil society network against torture including more than 200 local member organisations operating in over 90 countries around the world. Driven by the needs of its SOS-Torture Network members, the OMCT engages in all areas of anti-torture work, including prevention, accountability and assistance and protection for torture victims and Human Rights Defenders (HRDs).The organisation's International Secretariat is based in Geneva, with offices in Tunis and Brussels. The OMCT is a board member of the European Human Rights Defenders protection mechanism. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1209] => Array ( [objectID] => 1878 [title] => Palestinian Center for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/palestinian-center-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/b5aaa376d2de47905404cf788eca1b55_2.gif [extrait] => The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) is an independent Palestinian human rights organisation based in Gaza City. It enjoys Consultative Status with the ECOSOC of the United Nations and is an affiliate of the International Commission of Jurists (Geneva), the International Federation for Human Rights (Paris), the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (Copenhagen) and the […] [texte] => The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) is an independent Palestinian human rights organisation based in Gaza City. It enjoys Consultative Status with the ECOSOC of the United Nations and is an affiliate of the International Commission of Jurists (Geneva), the International Federation for Human Rights (Paris), the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (Copenhagen) and the Arab Organisation for Human Rights (Cairo).PCHR was established by a group of Palestinian lawyers and human rights activists to:- protect human rights and promote the rule of law in accordance with international standards;- create and develop democratic institutions and an active civil society, while promoting democratic culture within Palestinian society;- support all the efforts aimed at enabling the Palestinian people to exercise its inalienable rights in regard to self-determination and independence in accordance withinternational law and UN resolutions.The work of the Centre is conducted through documentation and investigation of human rights violations, provision of legal aid and counselling for individuals and groups, and preparation of research articles relevant to such issues as the human rights situation and the rule of law. PCHR also provides comments on Palestinian draft laws and urges the adoption of legislation that incorporates international human rights standards and basic democratic principles.Following the first executions carried out by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) in 2005, PCHR stated that capital punishment is an inadequate response to the disintegration of law and order within the areas under the control of the PNA. The Centre condemns the death penalty, irrelevant of the justification provided for imposing it, and holds that the right to life is sacrosanct. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1210] => Array ( [objectID] => 1879 [title] => People of Faith Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/people-of-faith-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/37b3c05ba771adf0179e823a8842c7ae_2.gif [extrait] => People of Faith Against the Death Penalty (PFADP) is a nongovernmental organisation whose mission is to educate and mobilise faith communities to act to abolish the death penalty in the United States. Founded in 1994 in North Carolina, PFADP focuses its programs on organising among faith communities in the Southern United States, where most executions […] [texte] => People of Faith Against the Death Penalty (PFADP) is a nongovernmental organisation whose mission is to educate and mobilise faith communities to act to abolish the death penalty in the United States. Founded in 1994 in North Carolina, PFADP focuses its programs on organising among faith communities in the Southern United States, where most executions in the United States happen.PFADP's members include Christians, Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, and people from other faith traditions. PFADP was founded on a vision of promoting the ethic of restorative justice, seeking to address the needs of the community, victims and offenders. FADP has organised hundreds of community forums and special events on the death penalty. PFADP's NC Moratorium Now campaign led to more than 1,000 North Carolina churches, businesses, and congregations passing resolutions for a moratorium on executions, including resolutions by 39 local governments.This campaign also led to the NC Senate becoming the first legislative body in the American South to call for a temporary halt to executions. PFADP's work is supported by individual member contributions and donations from congregations. PFADP is proud to be a member of the World Coalition against the death penalty and encourages World Coalition members to become involved in PFADP's efforts in the Southern United States. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1211] => Array ( [objectID] => 1880 [title] => Puerto Rican Coalition Against Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/puerto-rican-coalition-against-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/0367379925f1efc82d2db04096f0b159_2.gif [extrait] => The Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty (PCADP) is a non-party, non-sectarian organisation incorporated in Puerto Rico in March 2005 to promote the elimination of the capital punishment.The PCADP aims to join efforts among the different abolitionist organisations and activists in Puerto Rico. Its Statement of Principles emphasises that it does not believe in […] [texte] => The Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty (PCADP) is a non-party, non-sectarian organisation incorporated in Puerto Rico in March 2005 to promote the elimination of the capital punishment.The PCADP aims to join efforts among the different abolitionist organisations and activists in Puerto Rico. Its Statement of Principles emphasises that it does not believe in the impunity of a crime and identifies with the pain of the families of both the victims and the accused. It rejects the death penalty inside and outside Puerto Rico.The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a Spanish-speaking archipelago of 4 million inhabitants, has been under US sovereignty since 1898. It has its own Constitution and laws, which are subordinated to the US federal legislation. Puerto Rican abolitionists opposed the US-imposed death penalty from the early 20th century. They obtained a four-year moratorium in 1917. The last execution took place in 1927 and the Puerto Rican legislature abolished the death penalty in 1929.Today, Puerto Rico is the only territory under US sovereignty to have included the abolition of capital punishment in its constitution. However, the Federal Death Penalty Act and the Federal Extradition Act apply to Puerto Rico, exposing Puerto Ricans to death sentences. Moreover, a Puerto Rican was sentenced to death and executed in Florida in 2006, and others risk the death penalty in other parts of the US.The Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty aims at excluding Puerto Rico from the scope of the Federal Death Penalty Act, as is the case for other federal laws. It also intends to mark its opposition in every case in which death penalty certification is to be requested by federal prosecutors in Puerto Rico.The Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty has been a member of the World Coalition since 2006. It has launched a campaign to form a Caribbean abolitionist network to join forces with other abolitionist groups, either in retentionist or abolitionist countries of the region. As of June 2007, the PCADP was composed of more than 40 religious, political, student, community, labor union, professional, and human rights advocacy organisations. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1212] => Array ( [objectID] => 1882 [title] => Ville de Braine-l’Alleud [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ville-de-braine-lalleud/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/336c8513d9f28ffaa965a2a9e40c4328_2.jpg [extrait] => The town of Brain-l’Alleud is located in Brabant wallon in the Hain valley, about twenty kilometres from Brussels. It has 37,000 inhabitants. Previously the site of the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, today the town welcomes much more peaceful activities, including a large number of NGOS and in particular an Amnesty International group and the […] [texte] => The town of Brain-l’Alleud is located in Brabant wallon in the Hain valley, about twenty kilometres from Brussels. It has 37,000 inhabitants. Previously the site of the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, today the town welcomes much more peaceful activities, including a large number of NGOS and in particular an Amnesty International group and the Coalition for Truth and Justice (CFTJ), which argues against the death penalty in the southern states of the United States. Following a proposal by Myriam Stubbe, the driving force behind the CFTJ, Vincent Scourneau, the Burgomaster (mayor) of Braine-l’Alleud and a lawyer and fervent abolitionist, obtained permission from the town council for its membership of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Since then, the town and CFTJ have together raised awareness with the wider public. Myriam Stubbe, who travels to the United States twice a year to meet death-sentence prisoners, lawyers and American abolitionists, gives talks to high school and university students in the region.Abolitionist events (conferences, concerts, etc.) are also regularly held in Braine-l’Alleud and particularly on the World Day Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1213] => Array ( [objectID] => 1883 [title] => Ville de Dijon [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ville-de-dijon/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/a0df96a41a92791c2b202061a62d4554_2.jpg [extrait] => The City of Dijon, France, is a member of the World Coalition. [texte] => The City of Dijon, France, is a member of the World Coalition. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1214] => Array ( [objectID] => 1884 [title] => National Lawyers Guild (NLG) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/national-lawyers-guild-nlg/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c1bcb58639a0add70d94676cb22c66d6_2.gif [extrait] => The National Lawyers Guild (NLG) is an association dedicated to the need for basic and progressive change in the structure of the US political and economic system. It seeks to unite the lawyers, law students, legal workers and jailhouse lawyers of America in an organization that shall function as an effective political and social force […] [texte] => The National Lawyers Guild (NLG) is an association dedicated to the need for basic and progressive change in the structure of the US political and economic system. It seeks to unite the lawyers, law students, legal workers and jailhouse lawyers of America in an organization that shall function as an effective political and social force in the service of the people, to the end that human rights shall be regarded as more sacred than property interests.Their aim is to bring together all those who recognize the importance of safeguarding and extending the rights of workers, women, farmers, people with disabilities and people of colour, upon whom the welfare of the entire nation depends; who seek actively to eliminate racism; who work to maintain and protect our civil rights and liberties in the face of persistent attacks upon them; and who look upon the law as an instrument for the protection of the people, rather than for their repression.The Guild was the first racially integrated bar association in the US and gave legal support to the 1960s civil rights movement. It opposed US military action in the Vietnam and Gulf Wars. The NLG provides legal support for anti-globalisation, environmental and labour rights activists. It focuses on the case of death row prisoner Mumia Abu-Jamal to advocate the abolition of the death penalty.The Guild organises the Law Student Day Against the Death Penalty once a year. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1215] => Array ( [objectID] => 1885 [title] => Observatoire Marocain des Prisons [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/observatoire-marocain-des-prisons/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7212e8e9aa50cf3603aacbd13814500a_2.jpg [extrait] => L’Observatoire marocain des prisons (OMP) is an independent non-governmental organisation created by human rights activists to protect and promote the rights of prisoners. It monitors prison conditions in Morocco, provides legal assistance to prisoners and runs a research, information and advocacy centre for more humane prisons. The OMP considers that the dignity and physical and […] [texte] => L'Observatoire marocain des prisons (OMP) is an independent non-governmental organisation created by human rights activists to protect and promote the rights of prisoners. It monitors prison conditions in Morocco, provides legal assistance to prisoners and runs a research, information and advocacy centre for more humane prisons.The OMP considers that the dignity and physical and moral integrity of Moroccan prisoners are flouted, in contempt of national and international law. It particularly criticises overcrowding, the lack of hygiene, malnutrition and poor access to healthcare, all of which are preventing prisons from fulfilling their mission of re-education and social rehabilitation. The OMP aims to ensure both that the rights of prisoners already enshrined in legislation are respected and to improve current texts.To this end, it seeks to raise awareness of the problems in prisons among managers and the general public. Its work includes visiting prisons and running humanitarian programmes with prisoners, publishing documents which analyse legislation and the problems facing prisons, and organising conferences on this topic. Moroccan civil, military and anti-terrorist legislation provides for the death penalty in 361 cases. The OMP receives complaints from prisoners sentenced to death about recurrent breaches of their rights (loss of visiting rights, isolation, the behaviour of some staff, etc.) It considers that capital punishment is a violation of the right to life and “legal murder”, and contributes to the abolitionist cause, in particular as a member of the Moroccan and World coalition against the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1216] => Array ( [objectID] => 1888 [title] => Avocats Sans Frontières France [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/avocats-sans-frontieres-france/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/08137a16559a23a38f2e465c1f0ba355_2.gif [extrait] => The mandate and objectives of Avocats Sans Frontières France are: 1. Defending lawyers and defenders of human rights subject to threats or attacks of any kind because of their exercise professional; 2. Contribute to the effective implementation of human rights, universally recognized for ensuring the acces to any private person to a free and independent […] [texte] => The mandate and objectives of Avocats Sans Frontières France are:1. Defending lawyers and defenders of human rights subject to threats or attacks of any kind because of their exercise professional;2. Contribute to the effective implementation of human rights, universally recognized for ensuring the acces to any private person to a free and independent lawyer;3. To work wherever this is useful and necessary the establishment and strengthening of the rule of law, the institution judiciary and especially the right to receive a fair trial and an effective defense.For this purpose, it uses all means at its disposal and can seize any national institution or international law or non-judicial, and respond to them, including through the civil party before the competent courtsAny proposed action by Avocats Sans Frontières France is justified and is focused in at least one of four following areas:Axis 1: Emergency defense for human rights defenders and of victims of the gravest injustices;Axis 2: Protection and enhancement of the free exercise of legal profession for the benefit of vulnerable people;Axis 3: Access to the law and equal justice for vulnerable people;Axis 4: Capacity building and empowerment of local actors of justice;Transversal axis: Advocacy [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1217] => Array ( [objectID] => 1889 [title] => Rescue Alternatives Liberia (RAL) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/rescue-alternatives-liberia-ral/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Being the forerunner of prisoners’ rights and anti-torture and death penalty in Liberia, we have the vision that the Liberian society will adheres to: 1. The tenets of human rights, rule of law and democracy for all people; 2. Active citizens’ participation in national and local governance; and 3. Rehabilitation of survivals of torture, violence […] [texte] => Being the forerunner of prisoners’ rights and anti-torture and death penaltyin Liberia, we have the vision that the Liberian society will adheres to:1. The tenets of human rights, rule of law and democracy forall people;2. Active citizens’ participation in national and localgovernance; and3. Rehabilitation of survivals of torture, violence and drugs.The Rescue Alternatives Liberia (RAL) serves the Liberian society byproviding alternatives to enhancing Human Rights, Rule of Law, Peace andDemocracy Building, and victims’ recovery.RAL engages in:Prison monitoring, violations decumenting and reporting; Advocacy on the abolition of torture and death penalty; rehabilitating victims of torture, human rights issues events in schools and forums, etc... [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liberia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1218] => Array ( [objectID] => 1890 [title] => ACAT Deutschland [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/acat-deutschland/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c69e11809a290048b9459b3caeb9c8e4_2-186x300.jpg [extrait] => The objective of Aktion der Christen für die Abschaffung der Folter (ACAT Deutschland) is to fight against torture and the death penalty. They issue: urgent Appeals, petitions and caimpaign for raising awarness on human rights issues (schools, forums…). [texte] => The objective of Aktion der Christen für die Abschaffung der Folter (ACAT Deutschland) is to fight against torture and the death penalty. They issue: urgent Appeals, petitions and caimpaign for raising awarness on human rights issues (schools, forums...). [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Germany ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1219] => Array ( [objectID] => 1891 [title] => Think Centre [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/think-centre/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/6e193f5f6931ad65d104e87e8e8b5df5_2.jpg [extrait] => Think Centre aims to critically examine issues related to political development, democracy, rule of law, human rights and civil society. They conduct research, campaigns on public awareness. They issue urgent appeals and work by networking and reporting to the UN Human Rights bodies. [texte] => Think Centre aims to critically examine issues related to political development, democracy, rule of law, human rights and civil society. They conduct research, campaigns on public awareness. They issue urgent appeals and work by networking and reporting to the UN Human Rights bodies. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1220] => Array ( [objectID] => 1892 [title] => Japan Innocence and Death Penalty Research Center [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/japan-innocence-and-death-penalty-research-center/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/84c79f1b65089ee8650b311393290935_2.png [extrait] => The JIADEP mission is to assist those who have been wrongfully incarcerated and sentenced to death, and to educate the public on the tragedies of criminal justice in Japan by lecturing, writing, and demonstrating. [texte] => The JIADEP mission is to assist those who have been wrongfully incarcerated and sentenced to death, and to educate the public on the tragedies of criminal justice in Japan by lecturing, writing, and demonstrating. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1221] => Array ( [objectID] => 1893 [title] => Witness to Innocence [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/witness-to-innocence/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/4e0b54d90a267b34b78026065e48874a_2-300x70.png [extrait] => The mission of Witness to Innocence (WTI) is to unite U.S. exonerated death row survivors and their loved ones to become a powerful force for social justice and transformation. WTI seeks to abolish the death penalty, to reform the U.S. criminal justice system to prevent wrongful convictions, and to secure fair financial compensation and social […] [texte] => The mission of Witness to Innocence (WTI) is to unite U.S. exonerated death row survivors and their loved ones to become a powerful force for social justice and transformation.WTI seeks to abolish the death penalty, to reform the U.S. criminal justice system to prevent wrongful convictions, and to secure fair financial compensation and social services for all U.S. exonerated death row survivors.WTI brings together U.S. exonerated death row survivors and their loved ones to provide mutual peer support and to nurture a community of healing in the aftermath of the death row experience. WTI participates in marches, rallies, freedom rides and conferences. Further, our exonerees speak before audiences throughout the country tell their stories, and to raise awareness about the death penalty. In key states, WTI partners work with local death penalty abolitionist organizations and provides support to enable them to meet their goals. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1222] => Array ( [objectID] => 1894 [title] => Children Education Society (CHESO) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/children-education-society-cheso/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The mandate of Children Education Society (CHESO) is: – To combat causes of most vulnerable children including children’s rights violations, poor governance, HIV/AIDS, poverty, climate change and reinforce realization of the children’s right to education -To eliminate bad policies and laws subjecting children to vulnerability – To end human rights violations subjecting children to vulnerability […] [texte] => The mandate of Children Education Society (CHESO) is:- To combat causes of most vulnerable children including children’s rights violations, poor governance, HIV/AIDS, poverty, climate change and reinforce realization of the children’s right to education-To eliminate bad policies and laws subjecting children to vulnerability- To end human rights violations subjecting children to vulnerability- To ensure children’s voices are heard and acted upon- To promote good governance and the rule of law- To promote and protect children’s rights- To support children and their households to obtain redress of their violated rights through court and non-court processes- To support child victims of bad policies, laws and human rights violations to realize their fundamental right to educationTo do so, CHESO:- Conducts research and produces awareness materials (Research reports, booklets, T-shirts, burners, brochures etc)- Conducts awareness raising events to government and political leaders- Conducts awareness raising events in schools- Conducts advocacy events to demand a change through organizing peaceful matches, round table discussions and press conferences- Establishes and operationalizes community educators and monitors- Conducts awareness raising to the general public by Airing TV and Radio ProgrammesRegarding our work on the death penalty, our organization has conducted awareness raising on children rights in schools including a need for abolition of death penalty in Tanzania.We also plan to conduct awareness raising sessions to teachers with students aged 14 to 18 years against death penalty, debates in schools with students aged 14 to 18 years. We plan to conduct ministerial round table discussion to reach to them, voices of the students against death penalty and we plan to mobilize students aged 14 to 18 years to commemorate the world day against death penalty through debates, peaceful matches and roundtable discussions with policy and law makers. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1223] => Array ( [objectID] => 1855 [title] => Comitato Paul Rougeau [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/comitato-paul-rougeau/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/27bc94d9420d059bdf419f6bfb03e87d_2.gif [extrait] => Paul Rougeau was sentenced to death in Texas for the murder of an off-duty policeman. He always maintained he was innocent. In 1992, after he had spent 15 years on death row, the Italian newspaper Il Manifesto printed a letter by Paul Rougeau on its front page. A group of Italian citizens then decided to […] [texte] => Paul Rougeau was sentenced to death in Texas for the murder of an off-duty policeman. He always maintained he was innocent. In 1992, after he had spent 15 years on death row, the Italian newspaper Il Manifesto printed a letter by Paul Rougeau on its front page.A group of Italian citizens then decided to form a committee to help him and soon received support from over 500 members around the world. The Committee maintained a correspondence with Paul Rougeau and hired an attorney to defend him. Despite several appeals and strong public mobilisation, Paul Rougeau was executed two years later.At his request, the Committee took up the case of other death row inmates, such as Joe Cannon and Gary Graham.The Committee keeps supporting death row inmates in the United States through correspondence and legal assistance. It organises abolitionist events in Italy, such as public speeches and educational activities about human rights and the death penalty in schools. It has published four books; it exchanges information through the Internet and circulates a monthly bulletin in Italian with articles and updates about the death penalty.The Paul Rougeau Committee also helps and supports small groups and individuals who correspond with death row inmates in the United States. It cooperates with several organizations engaged in the defence of human rights and for the abolition of the death penalty, starting with Amnesty International. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1224] => Array ( [objectID] => 1856 [title] => Comité des Observateurs des Droits de l’Homme (CODHO) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/comite-des-observateurs-des-droits-de-lhomme-codho/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/cf501d40e522fc6cf90e81695162ecb2_2.gif [extrait] => On 1 July 1997 a group of lawyers, economists and political scientists from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) held a meeting following the massacre of children by militiamen in North Kivu in the east of the country. Revolted by this unspoken tragedy, they decided to set up the Committee of Human Rights Monitors (Codho). […] [texte] => On 1 July 1997 a group of lawyers, economists and political scientists from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) held a meeting following the massacre of children by militiamen in North Kivu in the east of the country. Revolted by this unspoken tragedy, they decided to set up the Committee of Human Rights Monitors (Codho).Since then, Codho has been fighting against impunity. Together with the judiciary, UN mechanisms and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, it helps victims of human rights violations lodge complaints.Codho also fights against the death penalty and torture. The DRC has not yet abolished capital punishment and the Committee works to raise awareness among the majority of the population which still supports the death penalty, mainly out of ignorance. Taking concrete cases as examples, the Committee demonstrates the ineptitude of this punishment through television programmes and meetings with local groups (churches, youth clubs, etc.), including in the most remote provinces.“After the murder of 11 journalists in Kivu, we explained that sentencing the murderers to death would mean the soldiers and politicians who had manipulated them going free. People often change their minds”, commented N’Sii Luanda, President of Codho.Aware that, more than anything else, the legal world needs a law to break with the death penalty, Codho is pressuring parliamentarians to abolish it. It also follows trials where the accused risk being sentenced to death, gives medical, legal and social assistance to victims of torture, and works with local authorities to improve their governance. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1225] => Array ( [objectID] => 1857 [title] => REPRODEVH-Niger [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/reprodevh-niger/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/699a4e1cc24916dd12a695e81d34a540_2-300x202.jpg [extrait] => Created in 2011 by young people and structures concerned with defending human rights, the Progress and Humanitarian Development Network of Niger is a collective of NGOs/ADs whose aim is to defend democracy and good governance, through the promotion of health, education, human dignity for all, the fight against the death penalty, torture and all related […] [texte] => Created in 2011 by young people and structures concerned with defending human rights, the Progress and Humanitarian Development Network of Niger is a collective of NGOs/ADs whose aim is to defend democracy and good governance, through the promotion of health, education, human dignity for all, the fight against the death penalty, torture and all related offences. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1226] => Array ( [objectID] => 1858 [title] => Conférence Internationale des Barreaux [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/conference-internationale-des-barreaux/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e6878fbdae434bfd0efeb2a24135a130_2.gif [extrait] => The International Bar Association Conference (Conférence internationale des barreaux – CIB) was founded by representatives of 24 bar associations of countries that share both the French language and a common judicial tradition. It is now composed of 83 members. The CIB’s objective is to create a cooperation structure between them. It groups together associations that […] [texte] => The International Bar Association Conference (Conférence internationale des barreaux - CIB) was founded by representatives of 24 bar associations of countries that share both the French language and a common judicial tradition. It is now composed of 83 members.The CIB’s objective is to create a cooperation structure between them. It groups together associations that assert an ideal of independence and whose directors are democratically designated by the lawyers themselves. Lawyers can also join on an individual basis and participate in its activities.The CIB organises two to three training sessions for lawyers in its member countries annually. It organises exchanges of interns between its members and has enabled more than 150 young African lawyers to follow an apprenticeship with the law school and firms in Paris.The CIB sends observers or helps local lawyers during sensitive cases and lends support to bar associations in the process of being founded or in difficulty. It is a member of the Agence de la francophonie (Agency for the French-Speaking Community) and sponsored the founding of Avocats sans frontières (Lawyers without borders).While respecting their autonomy, the conference aims to help these bar associations in their work to develop the rule of law in their respective countries. It aims to make the concept of the universal character of human rights and, in particular, the rights of the defence, a reality.During its 17th congress in Dakar in 2002, the CIB adopted a resolution requiring its members to “promote the abolition of the death penalty by all appropriate communication means and to unite its efforts in order to convince the competent authorities of states still using the death penalty of the necessity to undertake the steps needed to abolish this penalty without delay”. It repeats this objective at its regularly organised colloquiums, which sometimes include related subjects such as “African human rights” or “Prisoners’ status” [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1227] => Array ( [objectID] => 1861 [title] => REJADD-Togo [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/rejadd-togo/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3948de198a299642d09081494cf9cf9e_2-264x300.png [extrait] => The Young African Group for Democracy and Development, Togo-chapter (REJADD-Togo) is an organization promoting and protecting human rights and humanitarian actions. It was officially created on August 11, 2006 and currently has an official chapter in Mali. The REJADD-Togo aims to contribute to the sustainable, integral and harmonious development of Africa in general and Togo […] [texte] => The Young African Group for Democracy and Development, Togo-chapter (REJADD-Togo) is an organization promoting and protecting human rights and humanitarian actions. It was officially created on August 11, 2006 and currently has an official chapter in Mali.The REJADD-Togo aims to contribute to the sustainable, integral and harmonious development of Africa in general and Togo in particular.Its main objectives are: to promote and protect human rights, democratic and human values, to contribute to the sustainable development of Africa in general and Togo in particular, to promote good governance in Togo, and to fight against the death penalty and mob retribution in Togo.At the international level, REJADD intends to play a key role in networking African civil society organizations along the dimensions that constitute the cornerstone of the MDGs. It is counting on the collaboration of its African and international civil society colleagues for the operational implementation of its networks, which will contribute smoothly to Africa's development. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1228] => Array ( [objectID] => 1862 [title] => Forum Marocain pour la Vérité et la Justice [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/forum-marocain-pour-la-verite-et-la-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Le Forum marocain pour la vérité et la justice (FMVJ) was created by victims of the “years of lead” between 1956 and 1999. It defines itself as a human rights association dedicated to defending the rights of victims of forced disappearances, arbitrary detention, torture and exile, and their families. The FMVJ seeks to establish the […] [texte] => Le Forum marocain pour la vérité et la justice (FMVJ) was created by victims of the “years of lead” between 1956 and 1999. It defines itself as a human rights association dedicated to defending the rights of victims of forced disappearances, arbitrary detention, torture and exile, and their families.The FMVJ seeks to establish the truth about these human rights violations and to reveal the responsibility of the State and its agents for the atrocities which took place. It fights against the impunity which protects those who carry out certain crimes.The Forum supports victims and helps them recover their dignity, particularly by obtaining legal assistance for them to lodge complaints with national and international courts such as the Equity and Reconciliation Commission (ERC). It keeps the memory of the years of lead alive and puts pressure on the Moroccan authorities to introduce the legal reforms needed to protect human rights.Since 2001, it has managed a welcome and counselling centre for victims of torture. In 2001, a symposium bringing together several Moroccan human rights organisations adopted a recommendation demanding abolition of the death penalty in the kingdom.Since then, the FMVJ has advocated this aim by actively contributing to the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty, founded after this symposium. It investigates death row, probes the authorities concerned after each death sentence is passed and puts pressure on the Coordination of Human Rights Associations in North Africa, of which it is a member, to collectively take on the issue of capital punishment. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1229] => Array ( [objectID] => 1863 [title] => Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/foundation-for-human-rights-initiative-fhri/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/81ffe7a37adb8f0244ff035f6b7656e2_2.jpg [extrait] => The Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) is an independent, non-governmental organisation aiming to enhance the knowledge, respect and observance of human rights in Uganda. FHRI’s objective is to remove obstacles to democratic development. The organisation defends the fundamental freedoms enshrined in the 1995 Ugandan Constitution and other internationally recognised human rights instruments. FHRI undertakes […] [texte] => The Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) is an independent, non-governmental organisation aiming to enhance the knowledge, respect and observance of human rights in Uganda. FHRI's objective is to remove obstacles to democratic development. The organisation defends the fundamental freedoms enshrined in the 1995 Ugandan Constitution and other internationally recognised human rights instruments.FHRI undertakes research, monitoring, documentation and advocacy on a variety of human rights issues and publishes human rights literature. It conducts workshops and seminars on basic law, human rights and related subjects. It encourages exchanges of information and best practices between human rights activists and engages in lobbying and strategic partnerships. The organisation campaigns for judicial independence and respect for the rights of vulnerable groups of people such as the internally displaced, children, minorities, the disabled and women FHRI advocates penal reform through prison visits, training, dialogue and policy analysis.In 2003, FHRI launched a long-term campaign against the death penalty in Uganda, bringing the issue before the Constitutional Court through a constitutional petition.In 2005, the court ruled that the death penalty was constitutional but repealed mandatory death sentences and ruled that condemned prisoners could not spend more than three years on death row. The ongoing campaign saw the formation of a Civil Society Coalition on the Abolition of the Death Penalty, spearheaded by FHRI.FHRI has observer status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1230] => Array ( [objectID] => 1866 [title] => Journey of Hope… From Violence to Healing [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/journey-of-hope-from-violence-to-healing/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/29c65fb9db92f760627855c0f8dcac76_2.jpg [extrait] => “Journey of Hope…from Violence to Healing is an organisation led by murder victim family members joined by death row family members, family members of the executed, the exonerated, and others with stories to tell, that conducts public education speaking tours and addresses alternatives to the death penalty. Every year, the organisation arranges a Journey of […] [texte] => "Journey of Hope...from Violence to Healing is an organisation led by murder victim family members joined by death row family members, family members of the executed, the exonerated, and others with stories to tell, that conducts public education speaking tours and addresses alternatives to the death penalty.Every year, the organisation arranges a Journey of Hope around a US state, featuring speaking engagements in schools and universities, places of worship, civic and professional organisations, legislative hearings, radio and TV talk shows as well as rallies and demonstrations.Journey storytellers represent a variety of faith, color and economic situation. They are real people who know first hand the aftermath of the insanity and horror of murder. They have real stories that recount their tragedies, and their struggles to heal as a way of opening dialogue on the death penalty. When their stories are told, hearts are touched and minds can be changed." [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1231] => Array ( [objectID] => 1867 [title] => Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/legal-and-human-rights-centre-lhrc/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/b4e0a66995c35f9808cfbba7628714c1_2.jpg [extrait] => The Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) is registered as a private, non-governmental, non-partisan and non-profit making organization based in Tanzania, East Africa. The LHRC works to create legal and human rights awareness among the public, in particular the underprivileged section of the society of Tanzania, through legal and civic education, provision of legal aid, […] [texte] => The Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) is registered as a private, non-governmental, non-partisan and non-profit making organization based in Tanzania, East Africa.The LHRC works to create legal and human rights awareness among the public, in particular the underprivileged section of the society of Tanzania, through legal and civic education, provision of legal aid, as well as research, human rights monitoring and advocacy.The LHRC has been running a constant campaign against the death penalty as part as its advocacy package. The organisation advocates law and policy reforms and monitors human rights violations in the country and beyond.The campaign against the death penalty is accommodated under the human rights monitoring programme. The campaigns against the death penalty aim at raising awareness among government officials and the general public in Tanzania about the abolition of the death penalty.The LHRC has published fact sheets about the wrong nature of this kind of punishment. It has raised the issue in its own television and radio programmes and started a joint research programme with the International Federation of Human Rights in 2004.Every year on October 10, World Day Against the Death Penalty, the LHRC organises press conferences to discuss this issue and disseminate the campaign. A number of NGOs in Tanzania have joined the LHRC in the campaign. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1232] => Array ( [objectID] => 1868 [title] => Lifespark [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lifespark/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/8d21b955042a04591285033487c6c651_2.jpg [extrait] => lifespark is a Swiss organization and was founded in January 1993. lifespark is a non-profit organization, financed by membership dues and donations. All work for lifespark is done on a voluntary basis. lifespark has a central governing body; it has members from all linguistic regions of Switzerland. As of the end of 2012, the organization […] [texte] => lifespark is a Swiss organization and was founded in January 1993.lifespark is a non-profit organization, financed by membership dues and donations. All work for lifespark is done on a voluntary basis.lifespark has a central governing body; it has members from all linguistic regions of Switzerland.As of the end of 2012, the organization had 320 members. lifespark members have maintained 1300 pen pal-ships in the past 19 years.THE THREE GOALS OF lifespark:1. One of the main goals of lifespark is to arrange pen pal-ships with prisoners condemned to death in the USA and to offer its members support and advice. The members meet at different events several times a year.- lifespark informs the public about the death penalty and is involved in events and activities to abolish it. Through information stands, press releases, talks in schools and similar activities, people are made aware of the problems involved in the death penalty. In this way we try to combat ignorance, which is the most common reason for supporting the death penalty.- lifespark co-operates with other national and international organisations which share the same goal: the abolition of the death penalty worldwide!Why the USA? As more and more countries in the world abolish the death penalty, the only Western country to continue executing many people each year is the United States. In the past, many of those executed were poor or mentally retarded. Many innocent people have also been executed. The injustices of the US judicial system are obvious. At the same time the world looks up to the USA and accepts its leadership.There are other countries besides the United States which have legalized injustice and inhumanity. However, the USA is the most accessible to us and therefore that is where we concentrate our efforts. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1233] => Array ( [objectID] => 1869 [title] => Ligue des droits de l’Homme [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ligue-des-droits-de-lhomme/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/23f0500d2a0ae3ab4fa9521336606ee9_2.jpg [extrait] => Founded in 1898 during the Dreyfus affair, the League for Human Right (LDH) has a rich history thanks to a century of activism and attentive monitoring of all major contemporary issues. Originally, its mandate was to defend an innocent man, victim of anti-Semitism and reason of state, but the LDH expanded its actions to include […] [texte] => Founded in 1898 during the Dreyfus affair, the League for Human Right (LDH) has a rich history thanks to a century of activism and attentive monitoring of all major contemporary issues. Originally, its mandate was to defend an innocent man, victim of anti-Semitism and reason of state, but the LDH expanded its actions to include the defence of all citizens that were victims of injustice or of a breach of rights.From World War I to the 1960s, the LDH’s aim was to preserve peace, fight against fascism and for decolonisation. In the 1970s, the organisation campaigned for the right to contraception and abortion as well as for the abolition of the death penalty. Since the 1980s, the LDH has fought for the abolition of restrictive laws on immigrants, for the legalisation of undocumented immigrants, and for the right of foreigners to vote in local elections. At the same time, in accordance with the concept of social citizenship, it fights against new forms of poverty and precariousness.It is attached to the protection of secularism against fundamentalism and defends the right to housing, to universal healthcare and equality between the sexes. It condemns all forms of discrimination as well as police violence and fights for the respect of rights by the security forces.For the LDH the abolition of the death penalty in France and in the rest of the European Union is not enough: it supports the international campaign to pressurise countries still using the death penalty, especially in the United States where it is involved in the abolitionist campaign. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1234] => Array ( [objectID] => 1870 [title] => Lutte pour la Justice [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lutte-pour-la-justice/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/6fbe597393a062102b989747d950c3ba_2.jpg [extrait] => Le comité Lutte pour la Justice (LPJ) was created in 1996 by Odell Barnes, a death row prisoner in Texas who wanted to have his innocence recognised and the right to a new trial. His three French correspondents took on his cause the very same year. This informal committee aimed to provide moral support and, […] [texte] => Le comité Lutte pour la Justice (LPJ) was created in 1996 by Odell Barnes, a death row prisoner in Texas who wanted to have his innocence recognised and the right to a new trial. His three French correspondents took on his cause the very same year. This informal committee aimed to provide moral support and, above all, find funding to examine the counterclaim in more detail and finance a competent lawyer. It became a legal association in 1999 so as to improve transparency and efficiency.Thanks to the funds collected, the 5-strong Texan defence team, assisted by volunteers, was able to carry out a comprehensive second enquiry and provide proof of Odell Barnes’ innocence. However, none of Texas’ judges wanted to take this proof into account and the prisoner was executed on 1 March 2000.Lutte pour la Justice thereafter shifted its focus to new cases in the United States and Texas in particular. It no longer provides support to individual death row prisoners but rather to local committees and groups of activists supporting a prisoner sentenced to death.This support takes various forms: advice, financial assistance, moral support, information and communication, etc. LPJ prioritises concrete work on the ground, partnerships with other associations and moral support to both prisoners and their correspondents, and therefore humbly includes itself in the fight for universal abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1235] => Array ( [objectID] => 1873 [title] => Mouvement contre le Racisme et pour l’Amitié entre les Peuples (MRAP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/mouvement-contre-le-racisme-et-pour-lamitie-entre-les-peuples-mrap/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/a2e7f2626eeef1819fce6ce797984c9d_2.png [extrait] => The Movement Against Racism and for Friendship between Nations (MRAP) has its origins in the French Resistance: it emerged from the National Movement against Racism, founded secretly in 1941 to save Jewish children from deportation and to thwart the racist ideology of the Vichy regime. Since then the MRAP has taken action against other forms […] [texte] => The Movement Against Racism and for Friendship between Nations (MRAP) has its origins in the French Resistance: it emerged from the National Movement against Racism, founded secretly in 1941 to save Jewish children from deportation and to thwart the racist ideology of the Vichy regime. Since then the MRAP has taken action against other forms of racism, notably those connected to the colonial wars. It works with others for peace in the world and for the right of nations to decide their own destiny.In France, the organisation campaigns against all forms of racism, for migrant rights, family rights, the respect of asylum rights, and the right for all foreign residents to vote. It fights against the ideas of the far right and in particular against the National Front party.The MRAP gets involved in legal issues by helping victims of discrimination and racist acts but it prioritises preventative action. Thanks to it public education mandate, it intervenes mainly in schools. It also has Consultative status at the UN. The MRAP promotes local anti-racism projects and has several hundred committees spread over France.Clearly opposed to the death penalty – as to all inhumane and degrading acts – it first rallied against capital punishment in the United States because of its racist application there. It demands the release of Mumia Abu Jamal, an African-American journalist sentenced to death who the organisation classes as a political prisoner. The MRAP joined Together Against the Death Penalty’s struggle at the time of preparations for the first World Congress against the Death Penalty which took place in Strasbourg in 2001. It is a founding member of the World Coalition. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1236] => Array ( [objectID] => 1835 [title] => Coordination Eveil et cause pour l’Unité nationale et la lutte contre l’esclavage [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coordination-eveil-et-cause-pour-lunite-nationale-et-la-lutte-contre-lesclavage/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Coordination Eveil et cause pour l’Unité nationale et la lutte contre l’eclavage is a non-governmental organization focused on the fight against slavery and its aftereffects. Created on 22 February 2012, it promotes a culture of Human rights and strenghten the national unity and and the bonds of love and brotherhood between every part of […] [texte] => The Coordination Eveil et cause pour l'Unité nationale et la lutte contre l'eclavage is a non-governmental organization focused on the fight against slavery and its aftereffects.Created on 22 February 2012, it promotes a culture of Human rights and strenghten the national unity and and the bonds of love and brotherhood between every part of Mauritanian society. The organisation fights social injustice in all its aspects and servile practices, marginalization, excluzsion and violation of Human rights, Women's right and prisoner's rights. General secretary: Ahmedsalem Ould MeilidAdress: Tayariit, Route Sucock, NouakchottPhone: 0022242011818Mail: ceculce@gmail.com / ahmed76salum@gmail.com [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1237] => Array ( [objectID] => 1836 [title] => Catholic Mobilizing Network [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/catholic-mobilizing-network/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/44fab7273cd673bf968e0c882ce79f1e_2-300x140.png [extrait] => Catholic Mobilizing Network is a national organization working in close collaboration with the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) and living the mission of the Congregation of St. Joseph. Catholic Mobilizing Network (CMN) proclaims the Church’s pro-life teaching and prepares Catholics for informed involvement in the public debate to end the death penalty and promote […] [texte] => Catholic Mobilizing Network is a national organization working in close collaboration with the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) and living the mission of the Congregation of St. Joseph. Catholic Mobilizing Network (CMN) proclaims the Church’s pro-life teaching and prepares Catholics for informed involvement in the public debate to end the death penalty and promote restorative justice. Catholic Mobilizing Network educates the lay community through our programs and materials on the Church’s teachings on the death penalty, facilitates respectful and informed discourse within the Catholic community and the community at large and advocates local and national community leaders for life and human dignityEDUCATIONCMN creates and distributes educational materials about the Church’s pro-life teachings regarding the death penalty and restorative justice for use in parishes and faith communities. These resources include radio podcasts in English and Spanish, workshops with facilitator guides, state-specific fact sheets, parish bulletin inserts, and more. CMN also networks and presents at national, faith-based conferences each year to educate and mobilize people of faith to end the death penalty. ADVOCACYCMN supports and energizes state campaigns to repeal the death penalty and amplifies the Church’s call for the end of capital punishment. Working with bishops, State Catholic Conferences, Catholic dioceses, religious communities, partner organizations, members of the laity and more, CMN empowers people of faith to speak out against the death penalty in their own communities and implore their state officials to repeal the practice. CMN works closely with Catholic and secular anti-death penalty partners to achieve maximum impact.PRAYER CMN recognizes the power of prayer and encourages and facilitates prayer for victims of violence, for those on death row, and for a justice system rooted in mercy and compassion. CMN creates and distributes prayer cards, plans prayer services, and offers other spiritual resources. Being grounded in prayer serves as a catalyst for people of faith to act to end the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1238] => Array ( [objectID] => 1837 [title] => Communità di Sant’Egidio [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/communita-di-santegidio/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SantEgidio2020-500x424.jpg [extrait] => Sant’Egidio is a Christian community born in 1968, right after the second Vatican Council. An initiative of Andrea Riccardi, it was born in a secondary school in the centre of Rome. With the years, it has become a network of communities in more than 70 countries of the world. The Community pays attention to the […] [texte] => Sant’Egidio is a Christian community born in 1968, right after the second Vatican Council. An initiative of Andrea Riccardi, it was born in a secondary school in the centre of Rome. With the years, it has become a network of communities in more than 70 countries of the world. The Community pays attention to the periphery and peripheral people, gathering men and women of all ages and conditions, united by a fraternal tie through the listening of the Gospel and the voluntary and free commitment for the poor and peace. The abolition of the death penalty is one of the areas of global commitment of the Community Sant’ Egidio.In order to contribute to the progress of the abolition of the death we have elaborated new strategies:Appeals - The appeals sent to governors or to various authorities can help obtain change of sentence or revision of the cases of persons sentenced to death.International Day Cities for Life - Cities against the Death Penalty – Since 2002, every November 30th , the International Day “Cities for Life” commemorates the first abolition of the capital punishment, which took place in 1786 in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Italy). The simultaneous lighting up of the Coliseum in Rome and of more than 1,000 symbolic monuments all over the world, educational initiatives and conferences now gather more than 2300 cities in five continents around the event.International Congresses of Justice Ministers - The International Congress takes place every year in Rome since 2006 and gathers high representatives both from countries that have banned capital punishment from their legal systems and from countries that still have it. They provide support both to retentionist countries, engaging in abolition or moratorium, and to abolitionist countries, when facing mounting pressure for the re-introduction of the death penalty. They consolidate relationships and an abolitionist network, and they have thus contributed to increasing the number of votes in favour of the United Nations Resolution on a world moratorium. Regional and national conferences have also been organized in the last years.Write to someone on death row - Receiving a letter is the sign that someone cares about your life. It is a link with the outside world. It is the hope that someone remembers you. It often means the possibility of establishing a lasting, sincere and otherwise impossible friendship. There are several thousand prisoners sentenced to death who, thanks to the Community of Sant’Egidio, correspond with many friends all over the world. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1239] => Array ( [objectID] => 1838 [title] => Culture pour la Paix et la Justice (CPJ) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/culture-pour-la-paix-et-la-justice-cpj/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/554ee86f0afe1c0c7d1b34cdabf79670_2.jpg [extrait] => The association Culture for Peace and Justice (CPJ) was founded in Kinshasa at the end of 1990s by a lawyer, Liévin Ngondji, and a law student, Molisho Ndarabu Eulethère. At a time of war, they wanted to fight against the practice of the Military court, an exceptional court established in 1997 that pronounced numerous death […] [texte] => The association Culture for Peace and Justice (CPJ) was founded in Kinshasa at the end of 1990s by a lawyer, Liévin Ngondji, and a law student, Molisho Ndarabu Eulethère. At a time of war, they wanted to fight against the practice of the Military court, an exceptional court established in 1997 that pronounced numerous deathsentences followed by executions that were sometimes held in public.Without taking the side of the criminals, CPJ also fixed the goal of fighting against impunity and corruption. It is supported by magistrates and lawyers as well as doctors and engineers etc. who share these goals. CPJ draws media attention to human rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo by taking part in radio and television programmes. It also carries out studies on the state of those sentenced to death and facilities psychiatrist visits on death row.The association leads the World Day against the death penalty on a national level. It formed a Congolese coalition against the death penalty with the Campagne pour les droits de l’Homme au Congo, which was joined by other NGOs and local personalities.Since the founding of the CPJ and partly as a result of its actions, the military court has been repealed, sentenced minors have been separated from adults and the new constitution has been adapted using terms that hardly leave room for the use of the death penalty. CPJ currently concentrates on the plight of those sentenced to death before the Military court was repealed and on co-ordinating abolitionists at regional level. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1240] => Array ( [objectID] => 1839 [title] => Fédération Syndicale Unitaire (FSU) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/federation-syndicale-unitaire-fsu/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3ee7909e64448fa42cae84ed72052a55_2-203x300.png [extrait] => The United Trade-Union Federation (FSU) brings together 22 national trade unions in the fields of education, teaching, research, culture, training and social integration. They represent the majority or a large proportion of workers in their professional fields. FSU unites these national trade unions by combining diversity, pluralism and unity. Its characteristic organisational innovation is to […] [texte] => The United Trade-Union Federation (FSU) brings together 22 national trade unions in the fields of education, teaching, research, culture, training and social integration. They represent the majority or a large proportion of workers in their professional fields.FSU unites these national trade unions by combining diversity, pluralism and unity. Its characteristic organisational innovation is to bring national trade unions, departmental sections and movements together in its operation.FSU is the leading trade-union in France for teaching, research, and culture, and the leading government civil services trade-union.Its objectives include fighting for freedom and equal rights, for human rights, peace and disarmament, fighting against racism and exclusion, and against sexism and discrimination of all kinds.Opposition to the death penalty is part of these objectives, for which FSU is committed to acting in France, Europe and in the world. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1241] => Array ( [objectID] => 1840 [title] => International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-federation-for-human-rights-fidh/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/303072cbea5359416da2c38dd5d6b98b_2.jpg [extrait] => The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)’s mandate is to act effectively to ensure all the rights laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are respected. These include civil and political rights, as well as economic, social and cultural ones. The FIDH is a federation of 141 leagues in 100 countries. It coordinates […] [texte] => The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)’s mandate is to act effectively to ensure all the rights laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are respected. These include civil and political rights, as well as economic, social and cultural ones.The FIDH is a federation of 141 leagues in 100 countries. It coordinates and supports their activities and provides them with a voice at international level. Like its member organisations, the FIDH has no party or religious affiliation and it is independent vis-à-vis all governments.The FIDH protects human rights’ defenders and mobilises the international community so that their role is recognized and they are protected as necessary. It gives daily support to victims of torture, war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide by accompanying them during the whole legal process.The FIDH made a significant contribution to the setting up of the first permanent International Criminal Court, which came into being on July 1, 2002. The FIDH engages in advertising activities and permanent lobbying of intergovernmental organisations. It sets up enquiries, judicial observation missions, and training programmes for human rights’ campaigners.Through its research the FIDH has proven that the death penalty is applied universally in an unjust and discriminatory way; that it is decreed in conditions that are incompatible with the principles of a fair trial; and that it constitutes a form of torture incompatible with the right to respect for human dignity. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1242] => Array ( [objectID] => 1841 [title] => Death Penalty Focus [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/death-penalty-focus/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e4326191a393d37b166e63e6515725c1_2.jpg [extrait] => Death Penalty Focus (DPF) is a non-profit advocacy organization dedicated to the abolition of capital punishment in the United States through public education; grassroots organizing and political advocacy; media outreach; and domestic and international coalition building. With 150,000 members and supporters nationwide, DPF is governed by a volunteer Board of Directors comprised of renowned political, […] [texte] => Death Penalty Focus (DPF) is a non-profit advocacy organization dedicated to the abolition of capital punishment in the United States through public education; grassroots organizing and political advocacy; media outreach; and domestic and international coalition building.With 150,000 members and supporters nationwide, DPF is governed by a volunteer Board of Directors comprised of renowned political, religious, and civic leaders, along with legal scholars and attorneys involved in death penalty litigation.DPF conducts programs focusing on the family members of murder victims who oppose the death penalty, outreach to law enforcement and engaging faith leaders as educators of their congregations and communities. The organization conducts research on behalf of lawyers, educators and the general public, and sponsors a variety of public education and media campaigns.DPF also guides and supports a network of several active chapters throughout California and serves as a liaison among anti-death penalty groups nationwide.DPF organizes year-round public education and professional media campaigns; provide speakers for schools, faith communities, and community organizations; conduct outreach to key constituents; mobilize supporters in support of or against death-penalty-related legislation; and sponsor research projects and opinion polls.DPF publishes and distributes a newsletter and materials on the death penalty and participates in numerous speaking engagements before community groups, schools, church groups, legal and other professional organizations. Our monthly newsletter, The Focus, provides comprehensive information on current death penalty news. DPF distributes thousands of pieces of educational materials each year, available in both English and Spanish, and has developed an educational curriculum for high school teachers interested in discussing the death penalty with their students.DPF believes that the death penalty is an ineffective and brutally simplistic response to the serious and complex problem of violent crime that institutionalizes discrimination against the poor and people of color and diverts attention and financial resources away from preventative measures. DPF is convinced that when the public is informed about the inherent racism, injustice, and the true human and financial cost associated with the death penalty, the United States will abolish state-sanctioned killing. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1243] => Array ( [objectID] => 1842 [title] => Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ensemble-contre-la-peine-de-mort-ecpm/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ecpm.png [extrait] => Since 2000, Together against the Death Penalty (Ensemble contre la peine de mort – ECPM) acts to fight against the death penalty around the world. The association promotes the universal abolition through the creation and dissemination of publications and teaching tools, as part of public campaigns and lobbies governments at both national and international levels. […] [texte] => Since 2000, Together against the Death Penalty (Ensemble contre la peine de mort - ECPM) acts to fight against the death penalty around the world. The association promotes the universal abolition through the creation and dissemination of publications and teaching tools, as part of public campaigns and lobbies governments at both national and international levels. ECPM is supported by many public figures (Robert Badinter, Corinne Lepage, ChristianeTaubira ...).• ECPM has definitely cemented his credibility as a unifying international abolitionist forces: the 4th World Congress against the death penalty in Geneva in 2010 (after Strasbourg 2001, Montreal 2004 and Paris 2007), organized by ECPM, was exceptional by the level of States representation, the participation of retentionist countries, the involvement of the public and the media.• From 2002 to 2011, ECPM has held the Executive Secretariat of the World Coalition against the death penalty.• ECPM supports the emergence of national and regional coalitions, especially in the Arab world (Morocco, Tunisia and Lebanon) and Central Africa.ECPM also works for 10 years with the victims of capital punishment: death row inmates, former death row prisoners released, families of prisoners, families of victims of murder, and terrorism, people from the "killing machine" - doctors , psychologists, prison guards, lawyers: all of their personal experience, can help to become aware of the extent of the cruelty of the death penalty.We work in France around the citizen mobilization (petitions "no gays on the scaffold," and "No to the execution of minors!") new generation mobilization (through our educational program in schools) and around campaigns in particular during the World Day against the death penalty, every October 10.From death row, ECPM committed by producing fact-finding missions, relaying aid needs and the reality on death row, denouncing through its campaigns, emblematic cases of the abolitionist cause: through international mobilization campaign, legal assistance, diplomatic support.Its founding-president is Olivier Dechaud, its General Secretary is Emmanuel Maistre and its Director is Raphael Chenuil-HazanDailymotion : www.dailymotion.com/Association_ECPMYoutube: www.youtube.com/user/AssociationECPM [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1244] => Array ( [objectID] => 1843 [title] => Planète Réfugiés – Droits de l’homme [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/planete-refugies-droits-de-lhomme/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/a6538dad43b96b0ad9253618ddb16344_2-300x118.png [extrait] => Planète Réfugiés-Droits de l’Homme (PRDH) aims, through research, training and advocacy activities in France and internationally, at the effective realization of inherent human rights, as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, treaties and conventions protecting individual and collective freedoms, international standards and guidelines. In terms of research, PRDH focuses part of its action […] [texte] => Planète Réfugiés-Droits de l'Homme (PRDH) aims, through research, training and advocacy activities in France and internationally, at the effective realization of inherent human rights, as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, treaties and conventions protecting individual and collective freedoms, international standards and guidelines.In terms of research, PRDH focuses part of its action on the analysis of political and social information and on respect for fundamental rights for certain countries of origin of asylum seekers in France, countries for which the information remains too incomplete to ensure a real effectiveness of the right of asylum in France for all asylum seekers, without distinction.PRDH is currently working on projects in Mauritania, Bangladesh, Pakistan and France. It also has an international initiative aimed at drafting and adopting minimum standards specific to the detention of death row prisoners worldwide. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1245] => Array ( [objectID] => 1844 [title] => International Federation of ACATs (FIACAT) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-federation-of-acats-fiacat/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/f692a49ac1cadc21f394b538138bb8f8_2-140x300.gif [extrait] => The International Federation of ACATs (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture), FIACAT, is an international non-governmental human rights organisation, set up in 1987, which works towards the abolition of torture and the death penalty. The Federation brings together some thirty national associations, the ACATs, present in four continents. FIACAT – representing its members […] [texte] => The International Federation of ACATs (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture), FIACAT, is an international non-governmental human rights organisation, set up in 1987, which works towards the abolition of torture and the death penalty. The Federation brings together some thirty national associations, the ACATs, present in four continents.FIACAT – representing its members in international and regional organisationsFIACAT enjoys consultative status with the United Nations, participative status with the Council of Europe and observer status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. FIACAT is also accredited to the International Organisation of la Francophonie.By referring the concerns of its members working on the ground to international bodies, FIACAT’s aim is to encourage the adoption of relevant recommendations and their implementation by governments. FIACAT works towards the application of international human rights conventions, the prevention of torture in places of detention, and an end to enforced disappearances and impunity. It also takes part in the campaign against the death penalty by calling on states to abolish capital punishment in their legal systems.To give added impact to these efforts, FIACAT is a founding member of several campaigning coalitions, in particular the World Coalition against the Death Penalty, the Coalition of International NGOs against Torture, the International Coalition against Enforced Disappearances and the Human Rights and Democracy Network.FIACAT – building up the capacities of the ACAT network in thirty countriesFIACAT assists its member associations in organising themselves, supporting them so that they can become important players in civil society, capable of raising public awareness and having an impact on the authorities in their country.It coordinates the network by promoting exchanges, proposing regional and international training events and joint campaigns, thus supporting the activities of the ACATs and providing them with exposure on the international scene.FIACAT – a network of Christians united in fighting torture and the death penaltyFIACAT’s mission is to awaken Churches and Christian organisations to the scandal of torture and the death penalty and convince them to act. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1246] => Array ( [objectID] => 1846 [title] => National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/national-association-of-criminal-defense-lawyers-nacdl/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/b9a209c040703f99f739830f3e05acde_2.gif [extrait] => The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers is the preeminent organization advancing the mission of the criminal defense bar to ensure justice and due process for persons accused of crime or wrongdoing. A professional bar association founded in 1958, NACDL’s 12,000-plus direct members in 28 countries – and 90 state, provincial and local affiliate organizations […] [texte] => The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers is the preeminent organization advancing the mission of the criminal defense bar to ensure justice and due process for persons accused of crime or wrongdoing.A professional bar association founded in 1958, NACDL’s 12,000-plus direct members in 28 countries – and 90 state, provincial and local affiliate organizations totaling more than 40,000 attorneys – include private criminal defense lawyers, public defenders, military defense counsel, law professors and judges committed to preserving fairness and promoting a rational and humane criminal justice system. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1247] => Array ( [objectID] => 1847 [title] => Penal Reform International (PRI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/penal-reform-international-pri/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/49b808b4f7f42d88d88c3058c22a74e3_2-300x300.jpg [extrait] => Penal Reform International (PRI) is an independent international non-governmental organisation that structures its work through a policy programme, regional programmes, and a governance and strategy programme that ensures learning and impact. Registered in The Netherlands (registration no 40025979), PRI operates globally with offices in multiple locations. We work to promote criminal justice systems that uphold […] [texte] => Penal Reform International (PRI) is an independent international non-governmental organisation that structures its work through a policy programme, regional programmes, and a governance and strategy programme that ensures learning and impact. Registered in The Netherlands (registration no 40025979), PRI operates globally with offices in multiple locations.We work to promote criminal justice systems that uphold human rights for all and do no harm. We run practical human rights programmes and support reforms that make criminal justice fair and effective. Our primary objectives are to secure trials that are impartial, sentencing practices that are proportionate and promote social rehabilitation, and humane conditions of detention where alternatives to imprisonment are not possible.We continue to join efforts to abolish the death penalty, which is a cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment and a violation of the right to life. We work to ensure that when there is a moratorium or abolition of capital punishment in any given country it is replaced with humane alternatives. In view of this we challenge life imprisonment without parole. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1248] => Array ( [objectID] => 1848 [title] => Italian Federation for Human Rights (FIDU) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/italian-federation-for-human-rights-fidu/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/476ebce8268ff8c219b2e8c56730be58_2-300x246.jpg [extrait] => Active since 1987 as Italian Helsinki Committee, FIDU promotes the protection of human rights as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social in other relevant international documents. FIDU therefore intends to work to spread the knowledge of […] [texte] => Active since 1987 as Italian Helsinki Committee, FIDU promotes the protection of human rights as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social in other relevant international documents. FIDU therefore intends to work to spread the knowledge of human rights, monitor and report their violations, create greater awareness in public opinion, and exert influence on the States so that they comply with their own commitments on human rights.FIDU is actively engaged in the campaign for the universal abolition of the death penalty and considers that, currently, the main challenge is to maintain the positive global trend towards the abolition and to persuade States that still have the death penalty to remove it from their legislations. As the establishment of moratorium on the use of the death penalty in a retentionist country is often a crucial step towards the abolition, FIDU is involved in an international campaign to obtain, for the next UNGA Resolution on this issue, a higher number of votes in favour and, at the same time, to prevent dangerous steps backwards.FIDU is based in Rome and operates throughout Italy and worldwide; carries out its activities through its national and local bodies, and achieves its goals in compliance with international and EU standards, as well as with the Italian Constitution and laws; it is non-profit-making and pursues civic, solidarity and social utility purposes by carrying out activities of general interest; can join international federations and networks of associations that pursue the same ends with the same methods; it can bring together other associations with a federation pact.Conferences, debates, seminars, exhibitions, fact-finding and advocacy missions in Italy and abroad, cycles of meetings in schools, universities and other educational institutions, printed publications or telematic networks are examples, not exhaustive, of FIDU’s operating methods in the pursuit of its statutory purposes. Follow the FIDU on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1249] => Array ( [objectID] => 1849 [title] => The Human Rights Centre “Viasna” [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-human-rights-centre-viasna/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/268862215bdc3de24830c3dca0b36dae_2-300x300.jpg [extrait] => The Human Rights Centre “Viasna” is a non-governmental human rights organization active since 1996. It is a nation-wide NGO with a central office in Minsk and a dozen local offices across the country. Viasna has about 200 members. In 2003, the Supreme Court groundlessly cancelled the registration of Viasna for its participation in the observation […] [texte] => The Human Rights Centre "Viasna" is a non-governmental human rights organization active since 1996. It is a nation-wide NGO with a central office in Minsk and a dozen local offices across the country. Viasna has about 200 members.In 2003, the Supreme Court groundlessly cancelled the registration of Viasna for its participation in the observation of the presidential election of 2001. On 6 March 2004, the Human Rights Centre "Viasna" became member of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH).The main goal of Viasna is defending human rights in order to secure respect for them by the government in the interests of everyone, without discrimination, and building a just, free and democratic society.Viasna’s key priorities:- Legal support to the victims of human rights violations;- Researching and monitoring the human rights situation in Belarus;- Human rights education;- Campaigning for the abolition of the death penalty;- Monitoring prison conditions;- Election observation, etc. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1250] => Array ( [objectID] => 1851 [title] => Center for Prisoner’s Rights (CPR) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/center-for-prisoners-rights-cpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/CPR-500x207.jpg [extrait] => The Center for Prisoners’ Rights (CPR) was established in March 1995 as the first Japanese NGO specializing in prison reform. CPR‘s goal is to reform Japanese prison conditions in accordance with international human rights standards and to abolish the death penalty. The organisation researches human rights violations in Japanese prisons and makes its finding known […] [texte] => The Center for Prisoners’ Rights (CPR) was established in March 1995 as the first Japanese NGO specializing in prison reform. CPR‘s goal is to reform Japanese prison conditions in accordance with international human rights standards and to abolish the death penalty.The organisation researches human rights violations in Japanese prisons and makes its finding known to the public both inside and outside Japan. CPR gives legal advice to prisoners and provides legal assistance through attorneys if necessary. It studies international human rights standards in the prison reform area, introduces them to Japan and promote ratifications of international human rights treaties.CPR publishes a newsletter four to five times a year, which features prison litigations, reports on visits to foreign prisons and digests of the seminars held by the organisation several times a year. The newsletter is sent to about 5,000 people including prisoners and their families, lawyers and researchers. CPR’s budget consists of annual membership fees, donations and assistance from several foundations. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1251] => Array ( [objectID] => 1852 [title] => Città di Reggio Emilia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/citta-di-reggio-emilia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/81242ca30817cc657d0627d95423edbb_2.jpg [extrait] => For a long time, the city of Reggio Emilia has been proud of its strong vocation for the struggle in defense of Human Rights, which is supported by the commitment of the entire community. An example is that, in order to strengthen its contribution in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa, the city signed […] [texte] => For a long time, the city of Reggio Emilia has been proud of its strong vocation for the struggle in defense of Human Rights, which is supported by the commitment of the entire community. An example is that, in order to strengthen its contribution in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa, the city signed an agreement of association with African National Congress, Nelson Mandela’s party, in 1977. It was such a striking event that it was quoted during the 35th meeting of the UN Anti-Apartheid Special Committee.Relying on this tradition, over the years the municipality of Reggio Emilia has activated and developed numerous activities in defense of Human Rights. Such activities are particularly aimed at supporting the struggle against the death penalty, especially since 2000.The city's work for abolition began when Reggio Emilia's municipal council passed a resolution that year about the death penalty and the continuatuion of the twinning with Fort Worth in Texas, a state that holds the record for executions numbers in the US. The municipal council then decided to go down the path of dialogue, a position restated on many occasions ever since. Through this friendly link established in 1985, it has been striving to open a debate between citizens and authorities around the issue of the death penalty. Moreover, Reggio Emilia has decided to support organisations and initiatives against the death penalty in Texas and around the world. It is a member of the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death penalty and of the World Coalition. The city also contributes to a legal fund managed by the Communità di Sant'Egidio.The city regularly sends appeals to the governor of Texas and the mayor of Fort Worth when executions are scheduled, or to support abolitionist bills in parliament.In October 2006, the mayor of Reggio Emilia, Graziano Delrio, was the first Italian mayor to visit two death row inmates in Livingston, Texas.In February 2007, the chairman of Reggio Emilia's municipal council addressed the World Congress Against the Death Penalty organised by Together Against the Death Penalty.The city also organizes round tables and conferences about the death penalty and human rights every year in the autumn, especially in schools. It participates in the World Day against the death penalty on October 10th and in the Cities for Life-Cities against the death penalty event on November 30. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1252] => Array ( [objectID] => 1853 [title] => Città di Venezia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/citta-di-venezia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The city of Venice is globally renowned for its unique cultural heritage and location. Venice is strongly mobilised to improve the well-being of its inhabitants, by promoting a peaceful coexistence among its people and stimulating inter-religious and intercultural dialogue. In this way the city is following the example of tolerance set by the ancient “Serene […] [texte] => The city of Venice is globally renowned for its unique cultural heritage and location. Venice is strongly mobilised to improve the well-being of its inhabitants, by promoting a peaceful coexistence among its people and stimulating inter-religious and intercultural dialogue. In this way the city is following the example of tolerance set by the ancient “Serene Republic”.The city is actively involved in the promotion of human rights, culture and peace education, the decentralised cooperation in local government to encourage sustainable development for all, and in the fight against racism. This is how the city of Venice has become a symbol for the “No to the Death Penalty International Campaign” organised by the Community of Sant'Egidio since 1998.In 2002 Venice took part in the “Venice for life” initiative which aims to improve the visibility of the campaign against the death penalty and to garner support for a worldwide moratorium. The city became a member of the World Coalition in 2004 and pursues its commitment to contributing to the abolition of the death penalty in the world. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1253] => Array ( [objectID] => 1854 [title] => Coalizione italiana contro la pena di morte APS [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalizione-italiana-contro-la-pena-di-morte/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3792ab30b574a844dec5684f6b5f8636_2.jpg [extrait] => The Italian Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (ICADP) was established to form a network between both Italian and foreign groups, associations, movements, and individuals that work in defense of human rights and oppose capital punishment, and to coordinate their work and efforts. The association was founded as a non-profit organization, and in October 2025 […] [texte] => The Italian Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (ICADP) was established to form a network between both Italian and foreign groups, associations, movements, and individuals that work in defense of human rights and oppose capital punishment, and to coordinate their work and efforts. The association was founded as a non-profit organization, and in October 2025 we also completed the bureaucratic and legal procedures to qualify as a social promotion association. So, the ICADP is now a Social Promotion Association (APS) duly registered with the Italian RUNTS (Third Sector Single National Register).The ICADP holds talks about human rights violations starting with the use of capital punishment around the world, which is the greatest abuse of human rights. Spreading information, promoting campaigns and holding talks on these issues is a central mechanism for accountability, advocacy, and prevention on global, regional, and local levels.The ICADP is especially interested in the situation in the United States, as it is the only Western democracy that still uses the death penalty as a means of punishment. However, it works to get the death penalty abolished all over the world.The ICADP is in direct and constant contact with other abolitionist groups and associations worldwide. Most of its members have direct relations with death row prisoners, both men and women, in the USA and other countries.The Italian Coalition’s strong opposition to the death penalty is unconditional. Its members are convinced that the respect of human rights is an unquestionable top priority. They consider that justice cannot be pursued by taking revenge, but by conducting the forces operating in society in a just and balanced way.In the views of the ICADP, each community must be in a position to assure its members the certainty of punishment if they commit a crime and, above all, equitable and rightful legal proceedings. But it also has to enable offenders to rehabilitate themselves whenever possible, thus balancing the legitimate need of the families of victims of violent crime for justice, and the respect of the very same values that demand an act of justice. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1254] => Array ( [objectID] => 1815 [title] => Adaleh Center for Human Rights Studies [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/adaleh-center-for-human-rights-studies/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/46697920fcc49f2587d787d231406700_2.jpg [extrait] => The Adaleh Center for Human Rights Studies is a non-governmental, non-profit organization founded on September 2003 and based in Amman, Jordan. Its mission is to enforce human rights values in Jordan and the Arab world, through building the capacity of non-governmental organizations and practitioners working in the field of human rights, democracy and justice. The […] [texte] => The Adaleh Center for Human Rights Studies is a non-governmental, non-profit organization founded on September 2003 and based in Amman, Jordan.Its mission is to enforce human rights values in Jordan and the Arab world, through building the capacity of non-governmental organizations and practitioners working in the field of human rights, democracy and justice.The center operates in accordance with all universal human rights declarations, principles, and charters issued by the United Nations.Its vision: to create a mindful society that enjoys basic human rights and freedoms, free from discrimination and violations against human rights, and where values of dignity, freedom, equality, tolerance, and respect are widely spread.Its objectives are:• To elevate the respect towards freedom and human rights.• To enhance democracy principles and the rule of law.• To activate the role of the judiciary and to ensure its independence.• To enhance the knowledge of the law and to ensure its independence.• To spread awareness on human rights.• To invigorate the human rights situation and to document human rights violations. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jordan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1255] => Array ( [objectID] => 1816 [title] => International Organization for Diplomatic Relations [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-organization-for-diplomatic-relations/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2a17ad08cafa4afb3bde625de4bf2096_2.gif [extrait] => The International Organization for Diplomatic Relations (IODR), also known as “Correspondants Diplomatiques” intends to promote alliance and cultural cooperation through the exchange of documents, the organization of conferences, concerts, and events of various kinds, and publications. It promotes solidarity between people and individuals and the full realization of the basic rights of man, as inspired […] [texte] => The International Organization for Diplomatic Relations (IODR), also known as “Correspondants Diplomatiques” intends to promote alliance and cultural cooperation through the exchange of documents, the organization of conferences, concerts, and events of various kinds, and publications.It promotes solidarity between people and individuals and the full realization of the basic rights of man, as inspired by the principles upheld by the United Nations Organisation.Its aim is to satisfy primary needs and in the first place to safeguard human life, work and the family, as the first and irreplaceable nucleus of society, and to remedy insufficiencies in the food supply and to give the highest value to human resources.The IODR intends to guarantee the actual equality of the sexes, supporting and ensuring the inclusion of women in all activities, including politics.The organisation defends liberty as an indispensable condition for the dignity of the individual and the harmonious and complete development of the human personality, respecting the sentiments and ideas of others, of all religions, and all political ideologies;It cultivates the culture of peace in the world, rejecting war as a solution of international controversies and violence under any form whatsoever, always substituting conflict by dialogue and encounter.To achieve these objectives, the IODR conducts a wide range of development and educational projects, including the creation of training centres and courses.The IODR contributes by all possible means - the press, television, radio, economic publications, conferences, etc. - to the popular diffusion, especially among the young, of the human rights proclaimed in the “Universal Declaration of the United Nations” on 15th December 1948 in New York.To carry out the activities necessary for its statutory aims, the organisation relies predominantly on the voluntary persons and free-of-charge services of its own corresponding members. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malta ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1256] => Array ( [objectID] => 1817 [title] => Kids Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kids-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9793445efa52fc11ba7a9602d4d8554b_2.jpg [extrait] => Kids Against the Death Penalty (KADP) is an organization dedicated to ending the Death Penalty across the World and finding justice for the men, women, and children on death row. Yes we are kids, but we know that Murder of ANY kind is wrong, and that includes state-sanctioned-murder! In order to accomplish the goal of […] [texte] => Kids Against the Death Penalty (KADP) is an organization dedicated to ending the Death Penalty across the World and finding justice for the men, women, and children on death row.Yes we are kids, but we know that Murder of ANY kind is wrong, and that includes state-sanctioned-murder!In order to accomplish the goal of world-wide abolition, we must unite with other anti-death penalty organizations in an effort to raise awareness, and to unite in strength and in numbers.We are the people, and if we stand in solidarity we can affect change and educate the world on the injustices of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1257] => Array ( [objectID] => 1818 [title] => Reprieve [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/reprieve/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Reprieve-500x177.png [extrait] => Reprieve is a small, feisty registered charitable organisation of human rights defenders. Our strategy is to use strategic interventions to end the use of the death penalty globally, and to end extreme human rights abuses carried out in the name of “counterterrorism” or “national security” We work for among the most disenfranchised people in society, […] [texte] => Reprieve is a small, feisty registered charitable organisation of human rights defenders. Our strategy is to use strategic interventions to end the use of the death penalty globally, and to end extreme human rights abuses carried out in the name of “counterterrorism” or “national security”We work for among the most disenfranchised people in society, as it is in their cases that human rights are most swiftly jettisoned and the rule of law is cast aside. Thus, we promote and protect the rights of those facing the death penalty and those who are the victims of extreme human rights abuses carried out in the name of “counterterrorism” or “national security”, with a focus on arbitrary detention, torture, and extrajudicial executions.For more information, please visit our website: www.reprieve.org [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1258] => Array ( [objectID] => 1819 [title] => Human Rights Commission of Pakistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-commission-of-pakistan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/a10044a409e501adbdba2d157386d5ca_2.gif [extrait] => Founded in 1986 and registered in 1987, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) is an independent, democratic, nonpartisan organization committed to supporting human rights in the country. Over the last three decades, HRCP has worked for women’s empowerment and gender equality, the rights of religious minorities, rule of law and access to justice, democratic […] [texte] => Founded in 1986 and registered in 1987, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) is an independent, democratic, nonpartisan organization committed to supporting human rights in the country. Over the last three decades, HRCP has worked for women’s empowerment and gender equality, the rights of religious minorities, rule of law and access to justice, democratic development, the elimination of forced labour, children’s rights, prisoners’ rights, labour rights, the rights of internally displaced persons and refugees, the abolition of the death penalty, the elimination of torture, and an end to enforced disappearances, among other areas. HRCP’s goal is to realize the entire body of human rights, as defined in international instruments, by all citizens of Pakistan as well as all persons present otherwise in the country. HRCP believes that this goal must be realized without any distinction or discrimination on grounds of gender, race, religion, sect or belief, ethnicity, area of origin, disability, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status. HRCP is committed to the abolition of the death penalty. In this context, HRCP collates and digitizes related data, carries out campaigns to advocate for abolition, conducts fact-finding missions to investigate issues related to the death penalty, and lobbies with the appropriate authorities to reintroduce the moratorium with a view to ultimately abolishing capital punishment.It has published two reports on this issue in conjunction with FIDH: Slow March to the Gallows: Death Penalty in Pakistan (2007) and Punished for Being Vulnerable: How Pakistan Executes the Poorest and the Most Marginalised in Society (2019). [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1259] => Array ( [objectID] => 1820 [title] => Harm Reduction International [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/harm-reduction-international/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/logo-HRI.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International is a leading NGO dedicated to reducing the negative health, social and legal impacts of drug use and drug policy. We promote the rights of people who use drugs and their communities through research and advocacy to help achieve a world where drug policies and laws contribute to healthier, safer societies. Since […] [texte] => Harm Reduction International is a leading NGO dedicated to reducing the negative health, social and legal impacts of drug use and drug policy. We promote the rights of people who use drugs and their communities through research and advocacy to help achieve a world where drug policies and laws contribute to healthier, safer societies.Since 2007, Harm Reduction International has been at the forefront of advocating for the abolition of the death penalty for drug-related offences worldwide; including via the Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview series.You can follow Harm Reduction Internatonional on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1260] => Array ( [objectID] => 1821 [title] => ACAT Liberia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/acat-liberia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture in Liberia (ACAT Liberia) is an NGO based in Liberia. Created in 2003 and accredited in 2004, it fights to have a society free of torture and death penalty. To reach these goals, their main actions are: – Education and awareness, – advocacy, assistance, – cooperation, – […] [texte] => Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture in Liberia (ACAT Liberia) is an NGO based in Liberia. Created in 2003 and accredited in 2004, it fights to have a society free of torture and death penalty.To reach these goals, their main actions are:- Education and awareness,- advocacy, assistance,- cooperation,- offering prayers. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liberia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1261] => Array ( [objectID] => 1822 [title] => KontraS (Commission for the Disapeared and Victims of Violence) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kontras-commission-for-the-disapeared-and-victims-of-violence/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/001943e50923b073413105403cd081d1_2.jpg [extrait] => KontraS (Commission for the Disappeared and Victims of Violence) in Indonesia is a human rights NGO that deals with human rights issues in Indonesia, particularly civil and political rights. Abolition of the death penalty is one of its advocacy objectives. KontraS is a member of regional and national networks: Anti Death Penalty Asian Network (ADPAN) […] [texte] => KontraS (Commission for the Disappeared and Victims of Violence) in Indonesia is a human rights NGO that deals with human rights issues in Indonesia, particularly civil and political rights. Abolition of the death penalty is one of its advocacy objectives.KontraS is a member of regional and national networks: Anti Death Penalty Asian Network (ADPAN) and HATI (Coalition against Death Penalty in Indonesia).For the past three years, KontraS organised activities and campaigns on anti-death penalty issue, such as press releases, inter-faith prayers on the eve of executions, distribution of campaign materials, artistic happenings on World Day against Death Penalty, media briefings, documenting and report publishing on death penalty practices in Indonesia.Its work is mostly documented in Indonesian language.KontraS's website has a special section on anti-death penalty activities. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1262] => Array ( [objectID] => 1823 [title] => Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/anti-death-penalty-asia-network-adpan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9ab51b6b352267ba067eada2a9359700_2.jpg [extrait] => The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) was founded in Hong Kong on the World Day against the Death Penalty in 2006. In 2014, at its first General Meeting in Taipei, Taiwan, Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) members approved ADPAN’s Constitution, and ADPAN’s first Executive Committee was elected. ADPAN, an independent Asia-Pacific network committed to working […] [texte] => The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) was founded in Hong Kong on the World Day against the Death Penalty in 2006.In 2014, at its first General Meeting in Taipei, Taiwan, Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) members approved ADPAN’s Constitution, and ADPAN’s first Executive Committee was elected.ADPAN, an independent Asia-Pacific network committed to working toward the abolition of the death penalty, is independent of governments and any political or religious affiliation.ADPAN members are civil society groups, organizations, network of organisations, trade unions, lawyers and/or judges associations, consumer groups, professional bodies, academic groups and individual persons from Asia-Pacific : Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga and Vietnam.ADPAN Partners are organisations, groups and/or individual persons, not members of ADPAN, who are also committed to the mission and work of ADPAN from Netherlands, Italy, France, Denmark, UK, USA and Spain. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1263] => Array ( [objectID] => 1824 [title] => Avocats sans frontières Guinée – ASF Guinée [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/avocats-sans-frontieres-guinee-asf-guinee/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/165b9f838faa0ca20421ab9a80a51ffe_2-300x67.jpg [extrait] => Avocats sans frontières Guinée (Lawyers without Borders Guinea) is an NGO based in Guinea. Their mission is the promotion, the protection and the defense of Human rights. To promote, protect and preserve human rights in Guinea, their main actions are: – Legal assistance for those most vulnerable and those who lack access to resources – […] [texte] => Avocats sans frontières Guinée (Lawyers without Borders Guinea) is an NGO based in Guinea. Their mission is the promotion, the protection and the defense of Human rights.To promote, protect and preserve human rights in Guinea, their main actions are:- Legal assistance for those most vulnerable and those who lack access to resources- Training in Human rights- Conference debate on Human rights- Ease of legal instruments and protection of Human rights [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1264] => Array ( [objectID] => 1825 [title] => Bayt Al Hikma [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/bayt-al-hikma/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bayt Al Hikma is a non-governmental organization founded in 2007 whose main objective is to promote the values of human rights and individual freedoms. Our activities revolve around two themes 1. Values and individual freedoms 2. The promotion and protection of children. Our action plan is as follows: • Annual Report: Prepare an annual report […] [texte] => Bayt Al Hikma is a non-governmental organization founded in 2007 whose main objective is to promote the values of human rights and individual freedoms.Our activities revolve around two themes1. Values and individual freedoms2. The promotion and protection of children.Our action plan is as follows:• Annual Report: Prepare an annual report on the death penalty in Morocco (involving all the NGOs working on this issue) and present it to policy makers and international organizations.• Create a network of friend(s) on death row (stay in touch with the prisoners, to visit them, get in touch with their families and lawyers).• Create networks of abolitionist artists, politicians, parliamentarians, sportsmen, businessmen ... who call for the abolition of the death penalty.• Create a website dedicated to abolitionists in Morocco• Organize in collaboration with different artists (the boulevard and others) a concert dedicated to the issue of the abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1265] => Array ( [objectID] => 1826 [title] => California People of Faith [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/california-people-of-faith/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/37b3c05ba771adf0179e823a8842c7ae_2.gif [extrait] => The California People of Faith (CPF) is a nonprofit organization 501, based in Los Angeles in the United States. CPF is an interfaith organization which advocates for alternatives to the death penalty in California and throughout the United States. CPF coordinates grassroots affords via chapters located throughout California, organizing Faith-based communities to resist corrosive temptation […] [texte] => The California People of Faith (CPF) is a nonprofit organization 501, based in Los Angeles in the United States. CPF is an interfaith organization which advocates for alternatives to the death penalty in California and throughout the United States.CPF coordinates grassroots affords via chapters located throughout California, organizing Faith-based communities to resist corrosive temptation of vengeance and instead embrace respect for the dignity of human life.CPF is also a founding partner of the 1000 congregation’s campaign to provide information on the discernment, dialogue and education on capital punishment policy. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1266] => Array ( [objectID] => 1827 [title] => RADHOMA [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/radhoma/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9ae7feb3c531ccbd534234652648042f_2-300x217.jpg [extrait] => The network of human rights organisations and activists for the abolition of the death penalty (RADHOMA) is an abolitionist NGO of the DRC. 1. Fundation and headquarters Created on 10 October 2005 by member associations, the organization is a member of the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty and of the World Coalition Against the Death […] [texte] => The network of human rights organisations and activists for the abolition of the death penalty (RADHOMA) is an abolitionist NGO of the DRC.1. Fundation and headquartersCreated on 10 October 2005 by member associations, the organization is a member of the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty and of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. Its national headquarters are located in Kinshasa. 2. MissionsRADHOMA is a non-governmental organization that promotes respect for fundamental human rights through the abolition of the death penalty in the DRC, in Africa and internationally.3. Main actionsRADHOMA carries out monitoring and reporting activites on cases of death-sentenced people in the country's prison, also information and awareness-raising activities on the real motivations in favour of the abolition of the death penalty, and on the evolution of the process of abolishing the death penalty in the DRC, in Africa and internationally.4. Action strategiesThe network carries out advocacy work together with other abolitionist actors and international organization in order to advance and achieve the abolition of the death penalty at all levels. RADHOMA easily conducts actions in the DRC by coordinating provincial offices throughout the country. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1267] => Array ( [objectID] => 1828 [title] => Leaders Organization [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/leaders-organization/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Leaders Organization is a Palestinian youth led non-governmental organization that was established in 2002.The Organization prides itself in its principles and unique approach to development in the Palestinian territories. At the time, it was established to allow youths to participate in serving their society. Since then, Leaders have established a reputation for working with, serving, […] [texte] => Leaders Organization is a Palestinian youth led non-governmental organization that was established in 2002.The Organization prides itself in its principles and unique approach to development in the Palestinian territories.At the time, it was established to allow youths to participate in serving their society. Since then, Leaders have established a reputation for working with, serving, and empowering youths in Palestine to become true leaders in their communities. It has continuously provided young Palestinians with the opportunity to express their views and act for a peaceful and democratic society both in Palestine and abroad.Goals:-Establishing networks with community-based organizations that promote youth civic engagement;-Increasing the youths' capacity for civic participation and democratic involvement;-Providing Palestinian youth with a platform for activism and creative expression. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1268] => Array ( [objectID] => 1829 [title] => Barreau de Paris [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/barreau-de-paris/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/092554e3d420c5aba05e85a8774509a1_2-148x300.gif [extrait] => The Paris Bar was founded under the reign of Louis XIV. Nowadays, it represents around 20 000 lawyers, i.e. nearly half of those practicing in France. Its prime objectives are to organise and structure the legal profession, to strengthen training and adapt it to the deep changes occurring in society and to expand the role […] [texte] => The Paris Bar was founded under the reign of Louis XIV. Nowadays, it represents around 20 000 lawyers, i.e. nearly half of those practicing in France. Its prime objectives are to organise and structure the legal profession, to strengthen training and adapt it to the deep changes occurring in society and to expand the role and the influence of law in France and abroad.Traditionally, the Paris Bar is very often approached when human rights are in danger. It supports the abolition of the death penalty actively and has been a member of the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty since its creation in 2002.The Paris Bar participated actively in the three World Congresses against the death penalty to date, by leading the mobilisation of the judiciary environment. In an effort to strengthen its support for abolitionists, the Paris Bar founded the Institute for the Universal Abolition of the Death Penalty in 2006. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1269] => Array ( [objectID] => 1830 [title] => Coalition marocaine contre la peine de mort [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalition-marocaine-contre-la-peine-de-mort/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7ba594981491b61d393cccbca8e15f0b_2.gif [extrait] => The Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CMCPM) brings together seven NGOs: -the Moroccan Prison Observatory, -the Moroccan Human Rights Association, -the Moroccan Forum for Truth and Justice, -the Moroccan Organisation for Human Rights, -the Association of Lawyers’ Bars in Morocco, -Amnesty International – Moroccan Section and -the Centre for People’s Rights. Its objectives are […] [texte] => The Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CMCPM) brings together seven NGOs:-the Moroccan Prison Observatory,-the Moroccan Human Rights Association,-the Moroccan Forum for Truth and Justice,-the Moroccan Organisation for Human Rights,-the Association of Lawyers’ Bars in Morocco,-Amnesty International - Moroccan Section and-the Centre for People’s Rights.Its objectives are the following:- definitive repeal of the death penalty from Moroccan legislation;- that national courts immediately cease to pronounce the death penalty;- revision of all death sentences by commuting them to non life-depriving sentences; - ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the United Nations’ International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ;- ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Penal Court; - reinforcement of co-operation and solidarity ties within the world abolitionist movement. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1270] => Array ( [objectID] => 1831 [title] => Free Mumia! French Support Group [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/free-mumia-french-support-group/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/14d7c688c4152109df3d2729a46d995e_2-300x91.jpg [extrait] => Founded in 1995, the French collective “Libérons Mumia” brings together about a hundred organisations and public authorities: human rights associations, trade unions, political parties, local and regional collectives and local authorities. His objective is to obtain a new trial allowing the Black American journalist Mumia to defend his innocence and regain his freedom. Mumia Abu-Jamal […] [texte] => Founded in 1995, the French collective "Libérons Mumia" brings together about a hundred organisations and public authorities: human rights associations, trade unions, political parties, local and regional collectives and local authorities. His objective is to obtain a new trial allowing the Black American journalist Mumia to defend his innocence and regain his freedom.Mumia Abu-Jamal was sentenced to death in 1982 following a racist trial whose unfairness is internationally recognised (Amnesty International, UN Human Rights Commission, European Parliament). Thanks to his writings, Mumia Abu-Jamal has become one of the most emblematic figures in the fight against capital punishment and for its universal abolition.The French Collectif's commitment takes many forms: regular dissemination of information to raise public awareness, numerous demonstrations outside the United States Embassy in Paris over the past 20 years, screenings of films and organization of debates, questioning of the American authorities, regular delegations to the United States of personalities and elected officials to visit Mumia in prison, fundraising campaigns for his defence. On his initiative, twenty-five French cities, including Paris, have also elevated Mumia Abu-Jamal to the rank of Honorary Citizen of their city. Two cities (Saint-Denis and Bobigny) named a street after him and a stamp bearing his name was issued by the French postal administration.In October 2011, the US Supreme Court ruled that his death sentence was unconstitutional, ending 30 years of judicial harassment. In December 2011, the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. This victory against the death penalty is undoubtedly a credit to international mobilization and an encouragement to continue the struggle for its release.In 2015, suffering from hepatitis discovered late, Mumia was confronted with a sudden deterioration in his state of health. However, the prison administration has objected to him receiving appropriate care from specialist and independent doctors. Fortunately, the mobilization of a large number of personalities and organizations from all over the world forced the justice system to put an end to this cruel and inhuman behaviour in 2017 by imposing the obligation to treat. Today Mumia is better, the disease virus has been eradicated but her health remains fragile due to the excessive period of time during which no care has been provided.Since 2017, the hope of having his innocence recognized has once again been on the agenda with the filing of the appeal filed by his defence to enforce the new jurisprudence of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, which now prohibits the same magistrate from repeatedly participating in the appeal trials of a death row inmate. This is the case for Mumia and many convicts in Pennsylvania. In December 2018, after numerous hearings, a state judge granted Mumia's request and granted him the right to make his death sentence in 1982, which the Philadelphia prosecutor immediately challenged by filing an action for annulment... After 37 years in prison, the persecution continues!Member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, the French collective "Libération Mumia" is more broadly involved in the fight for the universal abolition of the death penalty and the defence of those sentenced to death. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1271] => Array ( [objectID] => 1832 [title] => The Rights Practice [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-rights-practice/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/6ffb8a782b615ef7084bcc70ca38d5d2_2-300x40.gif [extrait] => The Rights Practice works to promote and strengthen the protection of human rights. Our work is currently based in China in three programme areas: improving access to justice, strengthening public participation in decision making and promoting dignity of the person. We believe that the death penalty violates the right to life and is the ultimate […] [texte] => The Rights Practice works to promote and strengthen the protection of human rights. Our work is currently based in China in three programme areas: improving access to justice, strengthening public participation in decision making and promoting dignity of the person. We believe that the death penalty violates the right to life and is the ultimate form of cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. The use of the death penalty always carries the risk of an unsafe conviction and a miscarriage of justice.We are working to promote fair trials and provide access to defence services and legal aid for anyone at risk of being given a death penalty in China. Our work includes research into the application of the death penalty in China and the way mental illness is assessed in the criminal justice system. We support the efforts of China's lawyers and scholars to challenge China's application of the death penalty and campaign for its abolition. The Rights Practice is a member of Anti Death Penalty Asia Network, ADPAN and supports the work of China Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1272] => Array ( [objectID] => 1833 [title] => Themis Fund / The 8th Amendment Project [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/themis-fund-the-8th-amendment-project/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/d0e097175ac9f112d3694c636a5b7a59_2.png [extrait] => Mandate and goals : Abolition of the death penalty in the United States. Kind of actions : Strategic coordination of advocates, litigators, funders and activists throughout the U.S. We work in partnership with all the major funders of the abolition movement in the U.S., and with almost all of the activists, lawyers, and political advocates […] [texte] => Mandate and goals : Abolition of the death penalty in the United States.Kind of actions : Strategic coordination of advocates, litigators, funders and activists throughout the U.S.We work in partnership with all the major funders of the abolition movement in the U.S., and with almost all of the activists, lawyers, and political advocates in the national abolition field.Themis Fund and The 8th Amendment Project do not take direct action; The 8th Amendment Project directs the strategic national campaign that coordinates field activities throughout the U.S.Both organizations are legally programs at Proteus Fund, a 501c3 organization. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1273] => Array ( [objectID] => 1834 [title] => Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ-KENYA) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/kenyan-section-of-the-international-commission-of-jurists-icj-kenya/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/557646acf853f8327e4d99d73278e703_2-300x133.png [extrait] => Mandate and goals : – To develop, strengthen and protect the principles of the rule of law in Kenya. – Develop, maintain and protect the independence of the judiciary and the legal profession in Kenya. – Protect and promote the enjoyment of human rights in Kenya and Africa. Kind of actions : – Legal research […] [texte] => Mandate and goals :- To develop, strengthen and protect the principles of the rule of law in Kenya. - Develop, maintain and protect the independence of the judiciary and the legal profession in Kenya.- Protect and promote the enjoyment of human rights in Kenya and Africa.Kind of actions :- Legal research and analysis.- Citizen empowerment and sensitization.- Advocacy.- Capacity building.- Impact litigation.- Monitoring evaluation and reporting.ICJ Kenya has organised consultative forums with other civil societies working on abolition of death penalty in Kenya, capacity building workshops for Judicial officers and members of the Parliamentary Caucus on human rights on the international human rights principles and the proposed sentencing policy guidelines.ICJ-Kenya has participated at the world congress against the death penalty and is a member of the east African regional coalition against the death penalty. Participation at the Human Rights Council Review in Geneva on 25th January 2015. Participation at the East African Judges and Magistrates Conference held in Zanzibar in 2013. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1274] => Array ( [objectID] => 1795 [title] => Syndicat national des agents de la formation et de l’éducation du Niger (SYNAFEN) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/syndicat-national-des-agents-de-la-formation-et-de-leducation-du-niger-synafen/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => SYNAFEN is the national labour union for training and education professionals in Niger. Its main mission is to defend its members’ material and moral interests. However, it is also engaged in the promotion of human rights and democracy by educational means. In 2009, on the occasion of the 7th World Day Against the Death Penalty, […] [texte] => SYNAFEN is the national labour union for training and education professionals in Niger.Its main mission is to defend its members’ material and moral interests.However, it is also engaged in the promotion of human rights and democracy by educational means.In 2009, on the occasion of the 7th World Day Against the Death Penalty, SYNAFEN organised a round table on capital punishment with leading members of Niger’s civil society. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1275] => Array ( [objectID] => 1796 [title] => Mêmes droits pour tous (MDT) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/memes-droits-pour-tous-mdt/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Les Mêmes Droits pour Tous (MDT) is a Guinean organization from the civil society. It has been created by Order No. 3242/MATD/CAB/SACCO of 26 May 2006. Since then, MDT has been actively involved in the defence and promotion of human rights in Guinea. MDT specializes in the field of criminal justice. To date, MDT acts in […] [texte] => Les Mêmes Droits pour Tous (MDT) is a Guinean organization from the civil society. It has been created by Order No. 3242/MATD/CAB/SACCO of 26 May 2006. Since then, MDT has been actively involved in the defence and promotion of human rights in Guinea. MDT specializes in the field of criminal justice. To date, MDT acts in almost all of Guinea's natural regions and has, in addition to its national headquarters in Conakry, two regional offices based in N'Zérékoré in Guinée Forestière (2008) and Kankan in Haute Guinée (2012).Member of several platforms including the FIDH, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, MDT has also an observer status at ECOSOC. MDT has provided legal and judicial assistance to thousands of victims of illegal and/or abusive detention, victims of gender-based violence, victims of torture, victims of long term pre-trial detention, populations affected by major projects, particularly mining projects, etc.In the end, MDT has been increasingly focused on the reform of criminal laws in accordance with Guinea's international commitments, the promotion of a legal environment favourable to populations affected by mining projects and democratic governance issues. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1276] => Array ( [objectID] => 1797 [title] => ROTAB [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/rotab/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1e677aaf56f297878e6bc0a9d07a7d8b_2.gif [extrait] => The Organisation for Transparency and Budgetary Analysis (ROTAB – Publish What You Pay Niger) is a group of several associations, NGOs and unions in Niger who decided to take part in the worldwide campaign Publish What You Pay. This initiative calls for transparency in the extraction industry, at a time when the murky nature of […] [texte] => The Organisation for Transparency and Budgetary Analysis (ROTAB – Publish What You Pay Niger) is a group of several associations, NGOs and unions in Niger who decided to take part in the worldwide campaign Publish What You Pay. This initiative calls for transparency in the extraction industry, at a time when the murky nature of the development of natural resources in the country is a given.This will contribute to the consolidation of democracy and good governance.Aside from the promotion of transparency in the whole activity chain concerning the extraction industries, the ROTAB aims to influence national laws and policies on the extraction industry in favour of the public and to defend the rights of inhabitants and workers.More generally, by building the capacities of its member organisations and by encouraging them to exchange and capitalise on their experiences, the ROTAB works for the implication of civil society in the implementation of national development policies and programmes.Concretely, the ROTAB organises research activities for sustainable development in Niger, information and awareness-raising conferences, and study and experience-sharing trips. It publishes regular newsletters.The network regroups 12 organisations represented by a General Assembly. It is managed by the National Coordination Office and the Court of Auditors. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1277] => Array ( [objectID] => 1798 [title] => Justice Project Pakistan (JPP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/justice-project-pakistan-jpp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/f77c074eee949c0704c815399d6b47ef_2.png [extrait] => Justice Project Society, commonly referred to as Justice Project Pakistan (JPP), represents the most vulnerable Pakistani prisoners facing the harshest punishments at home and abroad, including those facing the death penalty, mentally ill prisoners, juvenile prisonners, women, victims of police torture, and overseas Pakistani prisoners. JPP was the winner of the 2016 Franco-German Human Rights […] [texte] => Justice Project Society, commonly referred to as Justice Project Pakistan (JPP), represents the most vulnerable Pakistani prisoners facing the harshest punishments at home and abroad, including those facing the death penalty, mentally ill prisoners, juvenile prisonners, women, victims of police torture, and overseas Pakistani prisoners.JPP was the winner of the 2016 Franco-German Human Rights Prize for the Rule of Law and the 2016 National Human Rights Award awarded by the President of Pakistan.Our ApproachLitigate: Led by lawyers and investigators, our legal team carries out strategic litigation pursuing cases on behalf of individuals with the potential to bring systemic changeAdvocate: Fierce domestic and international advocacy campaigns with the potential to bring systemic change are carried out by our advocacy teamCommunicate: Our communications team devises rigorous media campaigns and public events directed towards changing the public perception about the death penalty [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1278] => Array ( [objectID] => 1799 [title] => We Believe in Second Chances [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/we-believe-in-second-chances/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/288cd2567953f06e460a33951f55daaf_2.png [extrait] => We Believe in Second Chances was founded as a reaction to Yong Vui Kong’s condemnation to death, and are advocating for the abolishment of the death penalty in Singapore. [texte] => We Believe in Second Chances was founded as a reaction to Yong Vui Kong's condemnation to death, and are advocating for the abolishment of the death penalty in Singapore. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1279] => Array ( [objectID] => 1800 [title] => Union Chrétienne pour le Progrès et la Défense des Droits de l’Homme [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/union-chretienne-pour-le-progres-et-la-defense-des-droits-de-lhomme/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Christian Union for Progress and Human Rights (UCPDHO) is a Christian-inspired association founded in Uvira, South Kivu (Democratic Republic of the Congo). The UCPDHO’s aim is to contribute to the restoration of peace in DRC, combat human rights’ violations, inform on death penalty laws and promote human rights in rural areas. Its objectives include […] [texte] => The Christian Union for Progress and Human Rights (UCPDHO) is a Christian-inspired association founded in Uvira, South Kivu (Democratic Republic of the Congo). The UCPDHO's aim is to contribute to the restoration of peace in DRC, combat human rights' violations, inform on death penalty laws and promote human rights in rural areas.Its objectives include the fight to abolish the death penalty in DRC and the provision of medical care to victims of torture.To reach its aims, the UCPDHO believes it is important to make known the texts on the abolition of the death penalty in DRC, to denounce human rights' violations, in particular those of women and children, and to encourage the population, especially the young and those in the countryside, to adopt a culture of peace and tolerance.The UCPDHO organises public events with the aim of making known the ideas of law, peace, development, a peace culture, human rights and the fight against the death penalty. It publishes a regular information newsletter and plans to open a documentation centre.The association trains local authorities (police, judges, etc.) and carries out actions in prisons to have illegally-arrested prisoners freed. The UCPDHO is managed by a General Assembly, a Quality Council, a Board and a Coordination Office. Its financial resources come from members' subscriptions, donations, legacies, grants and self-financing activities.UCPDHO's partners are churches, youth groups, local development committees and national and international associations working in the fields of education for peace, human rights and social progress promotion. Since 2005 it is supported by the Swiss organisations VIVERE and MIR. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1280] => Array ( [objectID] => 1801 [title] => International Commission of Jurists [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/international-commission-of-jurists/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/e4f8f76921275e3805fdced00e6082a4_2-300x114.png [extrait] => The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) is dedicated to promoting rule of law and advancement of human rights around the world. The ICJ statute provides: The Commission carries out activities at the global, regional, national and local level and in particular takes effective steps to: 1. Support and advance the Rule of Law and human […] [texte] => The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) is dedicated to promoting rule of law and advancement of human rights around the world.The ICJ statute provides: The Commission carries out activities at the global, regional, national and local level and in particular takes effective steps to:1. Support and advance the Rule of Law and human rights on the basis of the principles set out in the preamble;2. Advance the independence of the judiciary and the legal profession and the administration of justice in full compliance with standards of international law;3. Promote the global adoption and implementation of international human rights standards and other legal rules and principles that advance human rights and the Rule of Law;4. Promote the establishment and enforcement of a legal system which protects individuals and groups against violations of their human rights;5. Promote understanding of and compliance with the Rule of Law and human rights and provide assistance to those to whom the Rule of Law and human rights are denied; and6. Promote the abolition of the death penalty and support efforts to achieve this goal. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1281] => Array ( [objectID] => 1802 [title] => Droits et paix [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/droits-et-paix/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/8947c4be684919bc9109bf5dff9c6668_2.jpg [extrait] => Rights and Peace (Droits et Paix) is a Cameroonian organisation working to construct a fairer and more peaceful society which respects human rights. Its main goals are to protect and promote fundamental human rights and individual freedoms, promote peace and non-violence, and humanise and improve conditions of detention in Cameroon. Its main activities encompass referral […] [texte] => Rights and Peace (Droits et Paix) is a Cameroonian organisation working to construct a fairer and more peaceful society which respects human rights. Its main goals are to protect and promote fundamental human rights and individual freedoms, promote peace and non-violence, and humanise and improve conditions of detention in Cameroon.Its main activities encompass referral of cases to court, legal and judiciary assistance for human rights victims, public statements, referral of cases to local administrative authorities, organisation of campaigns to raise awareness about particular issues, communicating with the media and drawing up media strategies, organisation of seminars, meetings with local people, the education of school pupils and students about human rights issues and the culture of peace and non-violence, raising awareness among local organisations about human rights issues, and organisation of “urgent appeals” for particular cases. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1282] => Array ( [objectID] => 1804 [title] => Réseau d’alerte et d’intervention pour les droits de l’Homme (RAIDH) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/reseau-dalerte-et-dintervention-pour-les-droits-de-lhomme-raidh/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/19af3d8a53d83df7d51101e3fa92b847_2.jpg [extrait] => The Alert and Intervention Network for Human Rights (Réseau d’alerte et d’intervention pour les droits de l’Homme (RAIDH) aims to organise, finance and support any work, initiatives, measures, ideas or discussions which aim to defend and promote human rights (particularly civil and political rights, economic, social and cultural rights, international humanitarian rights, rights for refugees, […] [texte] => The Alert and Intervention Network for Human Rights (Réseau d’alerte et d’intervention pour les droits de l’Homme (RAIDH) aims to organise, finance and support any work, initiatives, measures, ideas or discussions which aim to defend and promote human rights (particularly civil and political rights, economic, social and cultural rights, international humanitarian rights, rights for refugees, the right to a clean environment and sustainable development, and any other right connected to the human condition) in France and across the world.RAIDH also gets involved in actions which publicise violations of those same rights and which help to bring about significant progress in application of these rights. RAIDH bases its work on international, national and regional human rights law contained in internationally, nationally and regionally adopted or recognised texts and in international customary law.These rights are particularly but not exclusively contained in the following texts: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (New York Convention, 1948), the Geneva Conventions of 1949 (international humanitarian law); regional conventions: European Convention on Human Rights (Council of Europe), the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights (Organisation of American states), the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Organisation of African Unity), and any other international, nationally or regionally recognised text or regulation which aims to defend or promote human rights, taken here to mean political and civil rights, economic, social and cultural rights, international humanitarian rights, rights for refugees, the right to a clean environment and sustainable development, and any other right connected to the human condition. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1283] => Array ( [objectID] => 1806 [title] => Mauritanian Coalition Against Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/mauritanian-coalition-against-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c0e176d4627cf0b64adde0eb83f6ff61_2-300x200.png [extrait] => The main goals of the Mauritanian Coalition are the fight against death penalty, the defense of the universal human rights ideas, the struggle for equality between people, the promotion of peace in the world, and the cooperation between people. To achieve its goals, the Mauritanian Coalition’s main actions are conferences and workshops, and seminars for […] [texte] => The main goals of the Mauritanian Coalition are the fight against death penalty, the defense of the universal human rights ideas, the struggle for equality between people, the promotion of peace in the world, and the cooperation between people.To achieve its goals, the Mauritanian Coalition’s main actions are conferences and workshops, and seminars for local NGOs; sensitisation campaigns for the implementation of international laws; the development of partnerships; and the promotion of international cooperation in this field. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1284] => Array ( [objectID] => 1808 [title] => Michigan Committee Against Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/michigan-committee-against-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Michigan Committee Against Capital Punishment was organized in 1972 for research, publication, testimony and education on the evils of the death penalty. Nowadays, its main actions are legislative testimony, research, publications, film production, public speaking, literature and film distribution and abolitionist activities. [texte] => The Michigan Committee Against Capital Punishment was organized in 1972 for research, publication, testimony and education on the evils of the death penalty.Nowadays, its main actions are legislative testimony, research, publications, film production, public speaking, literature and film distribution and abolitionist activities. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1285] => Array ( [objectID] => 1810 [title] => German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/german-coalition-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/German-Coalition-Logo-500x139.jpg [extrait] => The Initiative gegen die Todesstrafe e.V. (German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty – GCADP) was founded in 1997 and is a non-profit organization since 2000. Our association is committed to the worldwide abolition of the death penalty. Our work is based on the contents of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 as […] [texte] => The Initiative gegen die Todesstrafe e.V. (German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty - GCADP) was founded in 1997 and is a non-profit organization since 2000. Our association is committed to the worldwide abolition of the death penalty.Our work is based on the contents of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 as well as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights with its additional protocols and other human rights conventions.GCADP is convinced that the death penalty is a cruel form of punishment that violates human dignity. We respect the prisoner as a human being without accepting his crime.The focus of our activities is on well-founded educational work, non-partisan political commitment and the support of prisoners. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Germany ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1286] => Array ( [objectID] => 1812 [title] => Equal Justice USA [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/equal-justice-usa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/90c81017c00793355d879732987e5c0a_2.jpg [extrait] => Equal Justice USA, founded in 1990, is a national organization that works to transform the justice system by promoting responses to violence that break cycles of trauma. We work at the intersection of criminal justice, public health, and racial justice to elevate healing over retribution, meet the needs of survivors, advance racial equity, and build […] [texte] => Equal Justice USA, founded in 1990, is a national organization that works to transform the justice system by promoting responses to violence that break cycles of trauma. We work at the intersection of criminal justice, public health, and racial justice to elevate healing over retribution, meet the needs of survivors, advance racial equity, and build community safety. Follow Equal Justice USA on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1287] => Array ( [objectID] => 1813 [title] => Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/cure/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/167811a85fc98cf1ca021c60eff308fb_2.gif [extrait] => Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE) is a grassroots organization that was founded in Texas in 1972. It became a national organization in 1985. CURE believes that prisons should be used only for those who absolutely must be incarcerated and that those who are incarcerated should have all of the resources they need to […] [texte] => Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE) is a grassroots organization that was founded in Texas in 1972. It became a national organization in 1985.CURE believes that prisons should be used only for those who absolutely must be incarcerated and that those who are incarcerated should have all of the resources they need to turn their lives around. The organisation also believes that human rights documents provide a sound basis for ensuring that criminal justice systems meet these goals.CURE supports repeal of the death penalty in all states and the federal government in the US. The organisation believes that innocent people are executed, that the death penalty is administered inequitably and that it does not deter crime.CURE is a membership organization. Its leaders come from the ranks of people formerly in prison and family members or friends of prisoners, and the vast majority of its funding comes from membership dues and contributions of members. It strives to provide its members with the information and tools necessary to help them understand the criminal justice system and to advocate for changes.CURE has country chapters that are very active all over the world: Nigeria-CURE, Ghana-CURE, Kenya-CURE, Senegal-CURE, Burundi-CURE, Zambia-CURE, Malawi-CURE and Rwanda-CURE.CURE has obtained consultative status with the United Nations, enabling it to participate in a wide range of discussions on issues affecting civil society. It is multi-layered with international, national, state/issue, and local chapters governed by CURE's constitution and bylaws. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1288] => Array ( [objectID] => 1775 [title] => HURILAWS [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/hurilaws/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/55813dd2443cdb5929c8892129388b06_2.jpg [extrait] => HURILAWS began operations in 1997 as a specialist provider of human rights legal services and a purveyor of skills in the legal aspects of transition management. Today HURILAWS is also a public policy think tank working towards attainment of development, human rights and good governance. In particular, HURILAWS is the driver of the Multi-Sector Law […] [texte] => HURILAWS began operations in 1997 as a specialist provider of human rights legal services and a purveyor of skills in the legal aspects of transition management.Today HURILAWS is also a public policy think tank working towards attainment of development, human rights and good governance. In particular, HURILAWS is the driver of the Multi-Sector Law Group (MSLG), which is a multi-disciplinary network of civil society actors and organisations for democratic change in Nigeria.HURILAWS activities include litigation in the state and federal courts, the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights, the United Nations international human rights treaty based mechanisms, legislative advocacy, legal assistance, research and publications.HURILAWS is able to draw on the skills of a range of specialists in law, public and economic policy with a view to promoting human rights, good governance and development in Nigeria and Africa. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1289] => Array ( [objectID] => 1776 [title] => Lawyers For Human Rights International (LFHRI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/lawyers-for-human-rights-international-lfhri/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/d303a2d0f75fd3744e90106a38e07473_2.gif [extrait] => In the early eighties, a group of lawyers committed to human rights work formed a loose group in order to defend the victims of state repression. In 1992, when the Punjab police and the security agencies who were operating in Punjab started a campaign to harass and kill human rights defenders and the group started […] [texte] => In the early eighties, a group of lawyers committed to human rights work formed a loose group in order to defend the victims of state repression.In 1992, when the Punjab police and the security agencies who were operating in Punjab started a campaign to harass and kill human rights defenders and the group started suffering losses, it formally organised under the name of "Lawyers For Human Rights", which later on came to be known as "Lawyers For Human Rights International".The organisation, which was initially formed to protect the lawyers themselves, later on proved to be an effective protector of human rights for the people.Among the many aims and objectives of the organisation are the provision of free legal aid to the poor, efforts to eradicate human rights abuses, the filing of public interest litigation on various human rights issues and projects to raise awareness about human rights among the general public. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1290] => Array ( [objectID] => 1777 [title] => Pax Christi Uvira asbl [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/pax-christi-uvira-asbl/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/12c7be46260a4264965deea8783a7bcf_2-300x297.jpg [extrait] => Pax Christi Uvira is a non-profit association (asbl) created in 2003 in Uvira (Diocese of Uvira) in the province of South Kivu, in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It joins the World Catholic Movement for Peace, PAX CHRISTI INTERNATIONAL, as a local group. It is an NGO under Congolese law (with legal […] [texte] => Pax Christi Uvira is a non-profit association (asbl) created in 2003 in Uvira (Diocese of Uvira) in the province of South Kivu, in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It joins the World Catholic Movement for Peace, PAX CHRISTI INTERNATIONAL, as a local group.It is an NGO under Congolese law (with legal personality No. 053/CAB/MIN/J&DH/2011), Christian, apolitical and autonomous, which works with all souls who love peace and human rights in ecumenism, without any distinction of religion, sex, race, age, ethnicity and social status. It bases its action on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, hence its intervention focuses on three main areas, namely:the promotion of peace, the defence and promotion of human rights and development.Its scope of action extends over three territories and the locality of Kamanyola in the province of South Kivu but also at the national and regional level: Central Africa of the African Great Lakes.Pax Christi Uvira asbl's vision is to contribute to the construction of a more fair world, committed to a culture of peace, justice and social progress. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1291] => Array ( [objectID] => 1778 [title] => Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/colegio-de-abogados-y-abogadas-de-puerto-rico/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1862c1c2a5d931f28e1882f9a20be60c_2.jpg [extrait] => The Puerto Rico Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico) represents all the attorneys in Puerto Rico, and has historically taken a very active role in the public debate. Since 2006 the Bar Association has been part of the World Coalition under the umbrella of the Puertorican Coalition Against the Death Penalty, […] [texte] => The Puerto Rico Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico) represents all the attorneys in Puerto Rico, and has historically taken a very active role in the public debate.Since 2006 the Bar Association has been part of the World Coalition under the umbrella of the Puertorican Coalition Against the Death Penalty, a group of various Puertorican organisations which oppose the death penalty.The federal death penalty is highly controversial in Puerto Rico. Local authorities prohibited capital punishment in 1929, and by constitutional mandate in 1952. However, given Puerto Rico’s relationship with the United States, it is subject to American federal law, and therefore to capital cases.Given the Bar Association's constitutional mandate, and to deal with the federal death penalty, the Bar created the Committee Against the Death Penalty. The problem was not only legal, but also social, so the Bar helped establish the Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty.The Puerto Rican Coalition now includes civic, religious and labour groups (even the state prosecutors’ association).In 2008, the Coalition was given the Lighting the Torch award by the American National Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1292] => Array ( [objectID] => 1779 [title] => Association for the Right to Live [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-for-the-right-to-live/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Association for the Right to Life (ARL) was founded in Iran by Emadeddin Baghi, a writer and long-time human rights activist. Baghi was sentenced to three years in prison after writing an article against the death penalty in 2000. After his release, he established two human rights associations: – the Society for the defense […] [texte] => The Association for the Right to Life (ARL) was founded in Iran by Emadeddin Baghi, a writer and long-time human rights activist.Baghi was sentenced to three years in prison after writing an article against the death penalty in 2000. After his release, he established two human rights associations:- the Society for the defense of prisoners’ rights, which is now a well-known NGO in Iran;- The Association for the Right to Live, which was established in 2005.ARL was co-founded with Dr. Zarir merat and her spouse Azade Niknam and is the first NGO to advocate the abolition of the death penalty from within Iran.The Association hopes to start a website dedicated to the death penalty, which would also be a first in Iran.Emadeddin Baghi, who keeps writing about the death penalty, was again sentenced to three years in prison after the summer 2007 wave of executions in Iran. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1293] => Array ( [objectID] => 1780 [title] => The Advocates for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/the-advocates-for-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/dc5e7e5d37583650a2744c778ec57bd2_2.gif [extrait] => The mission of The Advocates for Human Rights is to implement international human rights standards in order to promote civil society and reinforce the rule of law. By involving volunteers in research, education, and advocacy, The Advocates build broad constituencies in the United States and select global communities. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal […] [texte] => The mission of The Advocates for Human Rights is to implement international human rights standards in order to promote civil society and reinforce the rule of law. By involving volunteers in research, education, and advocacy, The Advocates build broad constituencies in the United States and select global communities.In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates collaborates with members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty to engage in documentation and advocacy on death penalty issues with United Nations and regional human rights mechanisms. It has conducted trainings and workshops with Coalition members on four continents on human rights fact-finding, monitoring, documentation, and advocacy to end the death penalty. It maintains a database of upcoming deadlines for civil society engagement with human rights mechanisms, available at https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/deadlines. It also offers a free 400-page toolkit called Human Rights Tools for a Changing World, available at https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/change. The Advocates is unable to finance abolitionist activities of other organizations but it welcomes proposals for collaboration, including technical assistance and capacity-building with Coalition members. Proposals that have the potential to engage The Advocates' pro bono volunteers are particularly welcome. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1294] => Array ( [objectID] => 1781 [title] => Ordre des avocats du Barreau de Liège [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ordre-des-avocats-du-barreau-de-liege/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/5eb8aa5012375535dbad57ebd5dd5452_2.jpg [extrait] => The Liège Bar Association (Ordre des avocats du Barreau de Liège) is the representative and disciplinary body for the lawyers registered with the Liège Bar. It promotes their profession and defends the rights of individuals. Some 880 lawyers are registered with the Liège Bar. [texte] => The Liège Bar Association (Ordre des avocats du Barreau de Liège) is the representative and disciplinary body for the lawyers registered with the Liège Bar. It promotes their profession and defends the rights of individuals.Some 880 lawyers are registered with the Liège Bar. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1295] => Array ( [objectID] => 1783 [title] => Iraqi Coalition against Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/iraqi-coaltion-against-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Iraqi Coalition against Death Penalty (first called the Iraqi Alliance for the Prevention of the Death Penalty) promotes and enhances the values of human rights among Iraqi people. The Coalition works to define the culture of human rights in the judicial system. It also observes and documents violations of human rights in Iraq to […] [texte] => The Iraqi Coalition against Death Penalty (first called the Iraqi Alliance for the Prevention of the Death Penalty) promotes and enhances the values of human rights among Iraqi people. The Coalition works to define the culture of human rights in the judicial system. It also observes and documents violations of human rights in Iraq to prevent recurrence of such violations, working in co-operation and co-ordination with other human rights organization in Iraq and the world.The Coalition’s main actions are:• Preparing twenty-four workshops for women and the Teachers Institute on the definition of the draft Iraqi Constitution,• Organizing five workshops for the preparation of electoral observers and the control center of Iraqi parliamentary elections.The Coalition also distributes printed copy of the Universal Declaration of Human to citizens. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1296] => Array ( [objectID] => 1784 [title] => Hands Off Cain [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/hands-off-cain/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/4e36c8b5d1871fb6356f3d1835c8f029_2.jpg [extrait] => Hands Off Cain is a league of citizens and parliamentarians for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide. It was founded in Brussels in 1993. Hands Off Cain (HOC) is a non-profit organization and a constituent member of the Transnational Radical Party. The name “Hands Off Cain” is inspired by the Genesis. The first book […] [texte] => Hands Off Cain is a league of citizens and parliamentarians for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide. It was founded in Brussels in 1993. Hands Off Cain (HOC) is a non-profit organization and a constituent member of the Transnational Radical Party.The name “Hands Off Cain” is inspired by the Genesis. The first book of the Bible includes not only the phrase “an eye for an eye” but also “And the Lord set a sign for Cain, lest any finding him should smite him”. Hands off Cain stands for justice without vengeance.A UN moratorium on executions is HOC’s main goal. The abolition of the death penalty cannot be imposed by decree. The moratorium can be viewed as a meeting point between abolitionists and retentionists. It allows retentionist states to take a step towards abolition, and helps abolitionists spare the lives of thousands of people. History has shown that after one, two or three years of moratorium it is difficult for a state to resume executions and the move often paves the way for complete abolition. This is what happened in many states, like the former Soviet Union, former Yugoslavia and South Africa.The Death Penalty Worldwide: Hands Off Cain’s annual report on the death penalty, published since 1997, gives a comprehensive overview of news, political and juridical developments, statistics and studies on the death penalty issue. This report has been an invaluable tool for activists working everywhere in the world for a new human right: not to be killed following a judicial measure or legal sentence. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1297] => Array ( [objectID] => 1785 [title] => Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/taiwan-alliance-to-end-the-death-penalty-taedp/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/fbfec09e2a69041347896305e7dde4dc_2.png [extrait] => The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) is a coalition of local abolitionist NGOs and research institutes, which promotes the reform of Taiwan’s penal system in addition to advocating the abolition of the death penalty. It was launched in September 2003, by the Taiwan Association for Human Rights (TAHR), the Judicial Reform Foundation […] [texte] => The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) is a coalition of local abolitionist NGOs and research institutes, which promotes the reform of Taiwan’s penal system in addition to advocating the abolition of the death penalty.It was launched in September 2003, by the Taiwan Association for Human Rights (TAHR), the Judicial Reform Foundation (JRF), Fujen University John Paul II Peace Institute, the Chang Fo-chuan Center for the Study of Human Rights, the Taipei Bar Association (TBA) and the Peacetime Foundation.The TAEDP understands that Taiwan's society has not yet been exposed to a true debate on the death penalty, and that the general public seems to support capital punishment as a form of revenge.The Alliance therefore aims at creating an open discussion forum for the society on various issues regarding its abolition. It is particularly aware of the need to take victims' rights into account in penal reform.Taiwan underwent the world’s longest uninterrupted martial law rule from 1949 until 2000. During that time, 197 capital crimes were introduced in the state's legislation, 89 of which carry mandatory death sentences.Since 2000, newly elected leaders have been promising the abolition of the death penalty. The TAEDP wants the reform to be carried out and enshrined in Taiwan's constitution.Its advocacy and awareness efforts relies on the participation of prominent opinion leaders as well as visual artists to kick-start the debate on the island.Film festivals and photographic exhibitions are among the means the Alliance uses to achieve its goals. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1298] => Array ( [objectID] => 1790 [title] => Women’s Information Consultative Center [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/womens-information-consultative-center/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/74d3d32d45ef39ad03b55dd2f13b0ce3_2.jpg [extrait] => The main goal of the Women’s Information Consultative Center is to gather, generalise and disseminate information about women’s human rights and initiatives among women inside and outside Ukraine. Another goal of the Center is to create a discussion about gender issues in the political and social life of Ukraine to achieve real equality in society. […] [texte] => The main goal of the Women’s Information Consultative Center is to gather, generalise and disseminate information about women’s human rights and initiatives among women inside and outside Ukraine. Another goal of the Center is to create a discussion about gender issues in the political and social life of Ukraine to achieve real equality in society.Its actions consist in advocacy, research, publications, consultations and training. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ukraine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1299] => Array ( [objectID] => 1791 [title] => Norden Directions [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/norden-directions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Norden Directions is an Australian non-government organisation founded in 2009. It focuses on policy in relation to social justice and human rights issues both within Australia and overseas. It has contributed to the abolition of the death penalty internationally in public debate over the past decade. Its Director, Professor Peter Norden AO, is an experienced […] [texte] => Norden Directions is an Australian non-government organisation founded in 2009.It focuses on policy in relation to social justice and human rights issues both within Australia and overseas.It has contributed to the abolition of the death penalty internationally in public debate over the past decade.Its Director, Professor Peter Norden AO, is an experienced public advocate and social researcher based in Melbourne, Australia [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1300] => Array ( [objectID] => 1792 [title] => Prison Insider [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/prison-insider/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/4e16421d3ee7d4baf869fedf15468765_2.jpg [extrait] => Prison Insider is a French independent NGO. Prison Insider’s main mission is to raise awareness about the conditions of detention and to promote the rights and dignity of people deprived of liberty, everywhere in the world. To reach its aims, the organisation primarily operates an information website. Prison Insider’s vocation is to make available and […] [texte] => Prison Insider is a French independent NGO. Prison Insider's main mission is to raise awareness about the conditions of detention and to promote the rights and dignity of people deprived of liberty, everywhere in the world. To reach its aims, the organisation primarily operates an information website.Prison Insider’s vocation is to make available and accessible to all - individuals, journalists, lawyers, civil servants, elected representatives, teachers, researchers, detainees’ relatives, NGO – all data related to imprisonnment.The work of Prison Insider is complementary to the work that is already out there. It gives an exposure to numerous actors mobilised on the field in all geographical areas by using a unified vocabulary and presentation, essential tools for the comparison of data. Prison Insider does not do advocacy work but offers the possibility for civil society organisations to seize the information and undertake their own advocacy work.Activities:INFORM.To have a collaborative information space, fed by a network of correspondents, on detention conditions for all to use.COMPARE.To allow, through an innovative mechanism, the comparison of data between different countries to promote good practices. We call on you to share any information on the conditions of detention on death row.TESTIFY.Prison Insider attaches the greatest importance to the words of the people concerned by the prison: prisoners themselves, parents, relatives.Photographs are also a major element in understanding real-life situations.Prison Insider mainly produces country-profiles, comparative studies, testimonies and portfolios.Its productions are available in French, English, Spanish and in the language of the country concerned. Follow Prison Insider on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1301] => Array ( [objectID] => 1793 [title] => Ordre des Barreaux Francophones et Germanophones de Belgique – OFBG [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ordre-des-barreaux-francophones-et-germanophones-de-belgique-ofbg/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/11020405a1c3447e8050c7b84d512678_2.gif [extrait] => The French- and German-speaking bars association (Ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone, OBFG) brings together 10 French-speaking bar association and one German-speaking. It is regulated by Belgian penal laws. [texte] => The French- and German-speaking bars association (Ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone, OBFG) brings together 10 French-speaking bar association and one German-speaking.It is regulated by Belgian penal laws. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1302] => Array ( [objectID] => 1794 [title] => Ordre des avocats de Genève [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ordre-des-avocats-de-geneve/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/6a59d2087e4a09d42677bae373acea4b_2.gif [extrait] => The Geneva Bar association (Ordre des Avocats de Genève) represents lawyers before the authorities, other regional bar associations, foreign bar associations and the Swiss Lawyers’ Federation. At the same time, it looks after the strict application of ethical and deontological standards. The Geneva Bar association was a partner of the 4th World Congress Against the […] [texte] => The Geneva Bar association (Ordre des Avocats de Genève) represents lawyers before the authorities, other regional bar associations, foreign bar associations and the Swiss Lawyers’ Federation. At the same time, it looks after the strict application of ethical and deontological standards.The Geneva Bar association was a partner of the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty organised in February 2010 in Geneva. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1303] => Array ( [objectID] => 1755 [title] => Human Rights and Democracy Media Center (SHAMS) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-and-democracy-media-center-shams/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2ba0bb7f5d3bc833fbf3e7fbb09b6700_2-300x300.gif [extrait] => Human Rights and Democracy Media Center “SHAMS” is a Palestinian non-governmental non-profit organization, established in 2003 in Ramallah by a group of academicians, educated, advocates and human rights activists .“SHAMS” Center holds Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations “SHAMS” Center believes that dissemination and generalization of human […] [texte] => Human Rights and Democracy Media Center “SHAMS” is a Palestinian non-governmental non-profit organization, established in 2003 in Ramallah by a group of academicians, educated, advocates and human rights activists .“SHAMS” Center holds Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations“SHAMS” Center believes that dissemination and generalization of human rights should be tackled ‎from a holistic approach that takes into consideration the civil, political, economic, social and cultural ‎rights, and their mutual interdependence on each other.‎“SHAMS” aims mainly at providing capacity building to organizations and individuals (especially women ‎and youth) in the fields of human rights and democratic participation.‎We try and achieve this through two main approaches. The first is direct engagement with local ‎communities through our vast network of human rights activist on-the-ground in villages throughout ‎the West Bank. In this capacity, we provide workshops, training courses, and other such activities to ‎enable people to take up and demand their own rights. Our other approach is to utilize the media to ‎spread information to a wider audience (through a bi-weekly TV-program and regular radio and TV ‎appearances).‎Goals and Objectives:1. Dissemination of information about human rights, democracy, and good governance issues ‎through the utilization of the media2. Opposing death penalty3. Promotion of the concepts of human rights in Palestinian legislation.4. Strengthening the role of Youth & women within their communities5. Capacity building and strengthening the relationship and cooperation between local, regional ‎and international institutions.6. Promoting change within society, especially countering stereotypes and biases towards ‎women, increasing values of tolerance, and awareness of democratic principles and ‎participation.“SHAMS” Programs:• Combating death penalty program: This aims at abolishing death penalty from the legislations applied in Palestine, and enacting Palestinian legislations which respect and protect the right to life and combat death penalty. And encouraging the president not to approve death sentences inflicted by Palestinian tribunals to correspond to the increasing international approach to stop executing this penalty. Additionally, providing guarantees of the fair trial and not prosecuting Palestinian civilians before military tribunals. And calling the president for using the constitutional authorities in granting a special pardon, and fulfilling Palestinian commitments to international agreements and conventions that Palestine accessed to.• Human rights program which contains capacity building “training” besides raising awareness, education, lobbying & advocacy, legal aid and assistance, researches and studies.• Human rights’ media program which includes (opinion & issues program): TV and radio dialogue episodes, written and TV human rights’ report, radio drama, a (newspaper) supplement, the monthly electronic newsletter and press releases.• Human rights program for Palestinian security sector and Sharia faculties’ students which contains the forum of enhancing human rights within the Palestinian security sector as well as including the concepts of human rights’ concepts for Sharia faculties’ students in the Palestinian universities.• Enhancing Women access to justice. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1304] => Array ( [objectID] => 1756 [title] => ACAT France [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/acat-france/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/363a2da71b9266b98ded9c14a5c4bcec_2.jpg [extrait] => ACAT-France – Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture – is a human rights NGO that campaigns for the abolition of torture and the death penalty, and defends the right to asylum. Founded in 1974, ACAT-France has 28,000 members, including nearly 6,000 supporters and a team of 25 professionals working in its national secretariat. […] [texte] => ACAT-France - Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture - is a human rights NGO that campaigns for the abolition of torture and the death penalty, and defends the right to asylum.Founded in 1974, ACAT-France has 28,000 members, including nearly 6,000 supporters and a team of 25 professionals working in its national secretariat. It is a member of the National Consultative Commission on Human Rights (CNCDH) reporting to the Prime Minister.Acting for the abolition of torture and all forms of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, ACAT-France conducts advocacy and lobbies governments and international bodies. These actions have the following objectives: the protection of victims of human rights violations, inhuman and degrading treatment, torture, as well as of persons likely to be tortured, executed or imprisoned without trial; the condemnation of torturers; the establishment of national and international monitoring bodies. It is the first ACAT (founded in 1974) and a founding member of the International Federation of ACAT - FIACAT, created in 1987.ACAT-France raises awareness, alerts and mobilizes public opinion. It intervenes in schools and universities to raise awareness and educate young people about human rights. To this end, it designs dedicated materials and tools, co-publishes and co-produces cultural works: books, films, documentaries, etc. It organizes conferences and debates throughout France. These actions aim to change mentalities, to create a favorable ground for the abolition of torture and executions.The association defends the right to asylum, and for more than 20 years has been providing legal services to welcome and accompany asylum seekers and refugees in France. ACAT-France is a member of the French Coordination for the Right of Asylum (CFDA) and of the National Association for Border Assistance for Foreigners (ANAFE). It supports refugees and works for the evolution of legislation and practices concerning asylum in France and in Europe.Every year, ACAT-France contributes to improve access to law and justice and to the liberation of hundreds of people who are victims of serious and sometimes fatal human rights violations. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1305] => Array ( [objectID] => 1758 [title] => Hope and Justice [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/hope-and-justice/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3689e889b54d85f9aecc7bb7548c8228_2.gif [extrait] => Hope and Justice is a small association founded after a plea for help from two prisoners sentenced to death, Justin Fuller and Carl Brooks. The initial aim was to save their lives by raising awareness among the greatest number of people possible of their cases and a fund for their defence. Justin Fuller was executed […] [texte] => Hope and Justice is a small association founded after a plea for help from two prisoners sentenced to death, Justin Fuller and Carl Brooks. The initial aim was to save their lives by raising awareness among the greatest number of people possible of their cases and a fund for their defence. Justin Fuller was executed in August 2006 and Carl Brooks' sentence was commuted to lifetime imprisonment in June 2007.Respecting a request by Justin Fuller before his execution, the volunteers from Hope and Justice decided to continue their fight against the death penalty and its assistance to prisoners. The association supports the prisoners on the death rows in Polunsky (Texas) and Raidford (Florida) prisons, easing their daily lives and relieving their solitude. Thanks to collections from the public, Hope and Justice provides them with financial help, magazine subscriptions, books and presents for Christmas and their birthdays. It helps set up defence funds.The association facilitates their contact with pen pals and organises a ten-day visit twice a year to the supported prisoners. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1306] => Array ( [objectID] => 1762 [title] => American Friends Service Committee [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/american-friends-service-committee/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ac12ecd89befbc49901e8e17930163f2_2.jpg [extrait] => The American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) carries out service, development, social justice and peace programs throughout the world. It was founded by Quakers during World War 1 to provide conscientious objectors with an opportunity to aid civilian war victims. The AFSC’s work is based on the Quaker belief in the worth of every person, and […] [texte] => The American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) carries out service, development, social justice and peace programs throughout the world.It was founded by Quakers during World War 1 to provide conscientious objectors with an opportunity to aid civilian war victims.The AFSC's work is based on the Quaker belief in the worth of every person, and faith in the power of love to overcome violence and injustice. The organisation believes that the Spirit of God can lead us to transform conditions and relationships between human beings.It does not consider this gift to be the exclusive possession of any group, and therefore attracts the support and partnership of people of many races, religions, and cultures.The organisation's mission and achievements won worldwide recognition when it received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1947.The AFSC supports the Quaker belief that every person has value in the eyes of God, that human life is sacred, and that taking the life of another human being is never justified.Its US national criminal justice programme highlights the fact that the death penalty targets people who have little or no money, which by and large means people of colour and those unable to afford defence.The AFSC considers that the death penalty does not serve as a deterrent to crime and has been used to execute innocent people. The organisation also denounces the fact that the death penalty takes valuable resources away from more effective ways of combating crime. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1307] => Array ( [objectID] => 1763 [title] => Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/association-marocaine-des-droits-humains-amdh/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/60f14fca2b1b78e3dcff16ecc865eb21_2.gif [extrait] => Association marocaine des droits humains (AMDH) works towards safeguarding human dignity and for the respect, defence and promotion of human rights. Convinced of the universal nature of these rights, the AMDH bases its action on the international agreements which defend them. It campaigns for them to be respected in the political, civil, economic, social and […] [texte] => Association marocaine des droits humains (AMDH) works towards safeguarding human dignity and for the respect, defence and promotion of human rights. Convinced of the universal nature of these rights, the AMDH bases its action on the international agreements which defend them. It campaigns for them to be respected in the political, civil, economic, social and cultural spheres.The Association is open to all citizens, except those who prejudice human rights. Its main aims are:- dispersion and circulation of information and education on human rights, particularly through its publications;- ratification by Morocco of all international human rights conventions and inclusion of their provisions in Moroccan legislation;- criticism of human rights violations and victim support.The AMDH, which has 65 local sections, holds its national congress every three years. This congress elects an administrative committee which meets four times a year.This committee in turn elects the members of the central office which meets twice a month. The AMDH calls for the abolition of the death penalty and would like to see all those fighting for human rights and democracy join a national campaign against what itterms “inhuman punishment”. To this end, it participates in the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1308] => Array ( [objectID] => 1764 [title] => Amnesty International (AI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/amnesty-international-ai/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/dc851460b75a2d94cf514ea28086d139_2.jpg [extrait] => Amnesty International (AI) is a worldwide voluntary activist movement working for human rights. It is independent of any government, political ideology, or religious creed, economic interest or religion. It does not support or oppose any government or political system, nor does it support or oppose the views of the victims whose rights it seeks to […] [texte] => Amnesty International (AI) is a worldwide voluntary activist movement working for human rights.It is independent of any government, political ideology, or religious creed, economic interest or religion. It does not support or oppose any government or political system, nor does it support or oppose the views of the victims whose rights it seeks to protect. It is concerned solely with the impartial protection of human rights.AI mobilizes volunteer activists: people who give freely of their time and energy in solidarity with the victims of human rights abuses. AI has a varied network of members and supporters around the world.At the latest count there were more than 7 million members, supporters and subscribers in over 150 countries and territories in every region of the world.AI members come from many different backgrounds, with widely different political and religious beliefs, united by a determination to work for a world where everyone enjoys human rights.AI members may be organized in one of several thousand groups in local communities, schools and colleges. Tens of thousands of members also participate in networks working on particular countries and themes or using particular campaigning techniques.AI believes the death penalty to be the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment, which has never been shown to deter crime more effectively than other punishments. It violates the right to life. The organisation works for an end to executions and the abolition of the death penalty everywhere. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1309] => Array ( [objectID] => 1765 [title] => Arab Coalition Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/arab-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Within the framework of its European Commission-sponsored programme against the death penalty, Penal Reform International (PRI), together with the Amman Centre for Human Rights Studies (ACHRS), organised a regional conference in Amman, Jordan, on July 2 and 3, 2007 to develop a regional strategy to advance the abolition of the death Penalty in the Arab […] [texte] => Within the framework of its European Commission-sponsored programme against the death penalty, Penal Reform International (PRI), together with the Amman Centre for Human Rights Studies (ACHRS), organised a regional conference in Amman, Jordan, on July 2 and 3, 2007 to develop a regional strategy to advance the abolition of the death Penalty in the Arab World.The conference then concluded by the formation of a regional coalition against the death penalty composed of national coalitions from Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine and Yemen, with an open invitation for future national coalitions from other Arab countries to join in.Its aim is to reach an Arab society free of death penalty where the rule of law, sanctity of human life, human rights and tolerance prevail.The objectives of the Arab Coalition are as follows:- To ensure the appropriation and the continuation of the programme challenging DP when PRI’s programme comes to an end.- To work towards enlarging the membership of the regional coalition by inviting other Arab countries to challenge death penalty.- To join the world movement against death penalty in celebrating the World Day Against Death Penalty on the October 10.- To encourage the most advanced country on the path to the abolition of the death penalty to host a regional gathering on the World Day Against Death Penalty.- To establish an Arab observatory of the death penalty under the supervision of PRI (Amman Office) and ACHRS.- To adopt the date of the first abolition in the Arab World as the Arab day against death penalty.- To facilitate the exchange of expertise and good practices among national coalitions.- To promote research and studies on alternatives to the death penalty. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jordan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1310] => Array ( [objectID] => 1766 [title] => Iran Human Rights [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/iran-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/f8125cec62f7c667a96c4d5feafb6e90_2.jpg [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHR) is a non-profit politically independent NGO with a mission to build a strong civil society by empowering citizens, promoting and defending human rights as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Abolition of the death penalty is one of the main objectives of IHR’s activities. With its broad network of […] [texte] => Iran Human Rights (IHR) is a non-profit politically independent NGO with a mission to build a strong civil society by empowering citizens, promoting and defending human rights as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Abolition of the death penalty is one of the main objectives of IHR's activities.With its broad network of human rights defenders inside Iran, IHR has been able to provide a more accurate assessment of human rights violations, especially the death penalty in Iran. Iran Human Rights has been publishing its annual report on the death penalty in Iran since 2008 and has become an international authority on the subject due to their sources and diligence in reporting. As well as researching, monitoring and reporting on human rights abuses in Iran, IHR also organises campaigns, meetings, press conferences, educations courses and exhibitions in line with its mission statement. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1311] => Array ( [objectID] => 1767 [title] => Magistrats européens pour la démocratie et les libertés (MEDEL) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/magistrats-europeens-pour-la-democratie-et-les-libertes-medel/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/6e26c0342bcec9ec9a7549ef9362afac_2.jpg [extrait] => European Judges and Public Prosecutors for Democracy and Fundamental Rights (Magistrats européens pour la démocratie et les libertés – MEDEL)) is an association regrouping 23 association of judges and prosecutors coming from 16 European countries. Its activities are centred on debates and studies on the independence of the judiciary and international judicial co-operation, in connection […] [texte] => European Judges and Public Prosecutors for Democracy and Fundamental Rights (Magistrats européens pour la démocratie et les libertés - MEDEL)) is an association regrouping 23 association of judges and prosecutors coming from 16 European countries. Its activities are centred on debates and studies on the independence of the judiciary and international judicial co-operation, in connection with the protection of human rights. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Germany ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1312] => Array ( [objectID] => 1768 [title] => Bahrain Human Rights Society [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/bahrain-human-rights-society/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/0de56fe10d52c706951c164e08a0c9d5_2.jpg [extrait] => The Bahrain Human Rights Society is a non-governmental organization established in May 2001 and is registered with the Ministry of Social Development in the Kingdom of Bahrain under registration No. ( /ج/ت.ث 142). The Society was the first licensed society in the Kingdom of Bahrain specializing in the field of human rights. The Society seeks […] [texte] => The Bahrain Human Rights Society is a non-governmental organization established in May 2001 and is registered with the Ministry of Social Development in the Kingdom of Bahrain under registration No. ( /ج/ت.ث 142). The Society was the first licensed society in the Kingdom of Bahrain specializing in the field of human rights.The Society seeks to achieve, maintain, and promote human rights and fundamental freedoms contained in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain and the charters of the United Nations, foremost of which is the International Covenant on Human Rights, covenants, charters, declarations, and protocols issued by the United Nations and other international organizations concerned with human rights.The Society cooperates with regional and international organizations working in the field of human rights. BHRS is a member of the International Federation for Human Rights ( FiDH – www.fidh.org), the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty ( WCADP – www.worldcoalition.org), the Arab NGO Network for Development (ANND – www.annd.org), and the Arab Organization for Human Rights (AOHR – wwwaohr.net). BHRS also cooperates closely with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Right (UN OHCHR – www.ohchr.org). [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1313] => Array ( [objectID] => 1769 [title] => Belarusian Helsinki Committee [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/belarusian-helsinki-committee/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/889bb03bf25465622f7ebb82c66b9fe7_2.jpg [extrait] => Founded in 1995, the National Human Rights Public Association “Belarusian Helsinki Committee” is one of the oldest human rights defenders organizations in Belarus. The list of its founders includes the nation’s most prominent leaders such as Vasil’ Bykau, Sviatlana Alexievich (Nobel prize in literature 2015). BHC sees as its main objective creating of civic context, […] [texte] => Founded in 1995, the National Human Rights Public Association “Belarusian Helsinki Committee” is one of the oldest human rights defenders organizations in Belarus. The list of its founders includes the nation’s most prominent leaders such as Vasil' Bykau, Sviatlana Alexievich (Nobel prize in literature 2015).BHC sees as its main objective creating of civic context, in which citizens, businesses and the government would realize that a comfortable and convenient living environment in the country may only be established through active participation and collaboration of all actors. In this way, the Committee promotes human rights as paramount element of economic and human development.BHC works mainly on six major human rights topics, such as: business and human rights (the topic has never been widely discussed in Belarus, and BHC is in fact pioneering business and human rights), discrimination (BHC carries out research and promotes the introduction of special anti-discrimination legislation), human rights based approach (BHC promotes incorporation of human rights instruments in project development at various levels), international human rights mechanisms (BHC promotes the use of the mechanisms by non-human rights organizations and develops electronic resources for assisting these organizations); national human rights mechanisms (BHC examines the legislation and addresses its gaps in order to provide as many protective measures as possible); death penalty (BHC carries out research and opens new aspects of death penalty such as overall brutalization of societies in which death penalty is practiced, for those interested).The BHC’s main ways of working include legal aid, monitoring, analysis, reporting and informing on human rights situation, advocacy, training, and communication campaigns. BHC has extensive experience of cooperation with UN international mechanisms. Alone and with other CSOs, the Committee has prepared and presented alternative reports on ICCPR, ICESCR, CEDAW, UPR and cooperated with various UN special rapporteurs. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1314] => Array ( [objectID] => 1770 [title] => Coalition nationale tunisienne contre la peine de mort [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/coalition-nationale-tunisienne-contre-la-peine-de-mort/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/0359385adcd8774fd3070f02520aa9d0_2-300x200.png [extrait] => The National Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CTCPM) was founded in 2007 and legally recognized in 2012 after the fall of dictator Ben Ali. The CTCPM continues many generations of activist’ fight for the abolition of the death penalty since the mid-1970s. The CTCPM’s objectives are written down in its charter: – Achieving the abolition […] [texte] => The National Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CTCPM) was founded in 2007 and legally recognized in 2012 after the fall of dictator Ben Ali. The CTCPM continues many generations of activist' fight for the abolition of the death penalty since the mid-1970s. The CTCPM's objectives are written down in its charter:- Achieving the abolition of the death penalty in Tunisia- Promoting a citizen's movement in favour of the abolition- Work with the authorities to make Tunisia join the abolitionist States sideThe National Coalition gathers eight associations:1- Ligue Tunisienne de Défense des Droits de l’Homme (Tunisian League for the Defence of Human Rights - LTDH)2- Organisation Contre la Torture en Tunisie (Organisation Against Torture in Tunisia - OCTT)3- Association Tunisienne des Femmes Démocrates (Tunisian Association of Democractic Women - ATFD)4- Institut Arabe des Droits de l’Homme (Arab Institute for Human Rights - IADH)- Association Tunisienne des Femmes Démocrates (Tunisian Association of Democrat Women - ATFD)5- Association des Femmes Tunisiennes pour la Recherche et le Développement (Association of Tunisian Women for Research and Development - AFTURD)6- Réseau Doustourna (Doustourna Network)7- Ligue des Ecrivains Tunisiens Libres (League of the Free Tunisian Authors - LETL)8- Centre de Tunis pour la liberté de la presse (Tunis Center for Freedom of the Press) [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1315] => Array ( [objectID] => 1771 [title] => Human Rights Watch [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/human-rights-watch/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/dc77de13474758436600b0909a87c37b_2.gif [extrait] => Human Rights Watch is a nonprofit, nongovernmental human rights organization made up of more than 275 staff members around the globe. Its staff consists of human rights professionals including country experts, lawyers, journalists, and academics of diverse backgrounds and nationalities. Human Rights Watch is known for its accurate fact-finding, impartial reporting, effective use of media, […] [texte] => Human Rights Watch is a nonprofit, nongovernmental human rights organization made up of more than 275 staff members around the globe. Its staff consists of human rights professionals including country experts, lawyers, journalists, and academics of diverse backgrounds and nationalities.Human Rights Watch is known for its accurate fact-finding, impartial reporting, effective use of media, and targeted advocacy, often in partnership with local human rights groups. Each year, Human Rights Watch publishes more than 100 reports and briefings on human rights conditions in some 80 countries, generating extensive coverage in local and international media.The organisation supports the victims and those who defend human rights to prevent all forms of discrimination, preserve political freedom and protect individuals against inhuman behaviour at times of war.It calls on governments and people in power to end practices that contradict human rights and to abide by international law in this field. Human Rights Watch invites the general public and the international community to take part in the defense of human rights for all.With the leverage its work brings, Human Rights Watch meets with governments, the United Nations, regional groups like the African Union and the European Union, financial institutions, and corporations to press for changes in policy and practice that promote human rights and justice around the world.Human Rights Watch is an independent, nongovernmental organization, supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations worldwide. It accepts no government funds, directly or indirectly. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1316] => Array ( [objectID] => 1772 [title] => Ligue Ivoirienne des Droits de l’Homme [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/ligue-ivoirienne-des-droits-de-lhomme/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1d98c46f57e44922c08cd7d383149394_2.gif [extrait] => The Ligue ivoirienne des droits de l’Homme [Ivory Coast Human Rights League, LIDHO] is politically and religiously independent. Its main aim is to work towards creating a state of law in Ivory Coast. To achieve that objective, it works in particular towards strengthening the legal system and ensuring an independent justice system and fair and […] [texte] => The Ligue ivoirienne des droits de l’Homme [Ivory Coast Human Rights League, LIDHO] is politically and religiously independent. Its main aim is to work towards creating a state of law in Ivory Coast.To achieve that objective, it works in particular towards strengthening the legal system and ensuring an independent justice system and fair and effective civil and political rights. In concrete terms, LIDHO organises campaigns and demonstrations denouncing human rights violations and arranges training, awareness raising, lobbying and legal assistance for the victims of human rights violations it welcomes and listens to.In particular, it has put in place the Human Rights and Freedoms Observatory in the academic environment and the Rights of People Living with HIV-AIDS Observatory.Created on 21 March 1987, LIDHO had to wait until 1990 for official recognition. It survives on subscriptions from its members and financing from overseas partners, including Oxfam Novib, the European Union, the Friedrich Ebert Foundation and the National Democracy Institute. LIDHO received the Freedom Prize of the Republic of France in 1993.Locally, LIDHO units cover the entire country. The League is also part of several Ivory Coast bodies, the International Human Rights Union (UIDH) and the International Federation of Human Rights Leagues (FIDH). [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1317] => Array ( [objectID] => 1774 [title] => Collectif des Organisations des Jeunes Solidaires (COJESKI) [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/membre/collectif-des-organisations-des-jeunes-solidaires-cojeski/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c59647ebe1607c426ecfcb7ba63cda6c_2.gif [extrait] => The Collectif des organisations des jeunes solidaires du Congo-Kinshasa RDC [Collective of Youth Solidarity Organisations in Congo-Kinshasa DRC, COJESKI-RDC] is a platform consisting of 340 youth organisations which has been operating in Congo-Zaire since 1995. Its main aim is to promote and defend positive human values, sustainable development and good governance of the Democratic Republic […] [texte] => The Collectif des organisations des jeunes solidaires du Congo-Kinshasa RDC [Collective of Youth Solidarity Organisations in Congo-Kinshasa DRC, COJESKI-RDC] is a platform consisting of 340 youth organisations which has been operating in Congo-Zaire since 1995.Its main aim is to promote and defend positive human values, sustainable development and good governance of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It endeavours to involve young people in this objective and allow young people to participate in decision-making in the country.COJESKI currently has 11 offices in the DRC, in locations ranging from from Kinshasa to Bukavu. It is also represented in 15 countries in Europe, America and Africa.It is a member of several collectives in the Democratic Republic of Congo, including the Congo National Human Rights NGO Network (RENADHOC).Internationally, COJESKI supports the Coalition for International Criminal Court (CICC), the International Peace Bureau and other global networks.It has observer status at the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and consultant status at the UN Economic and Social Council. [Type article] => Member page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1318] => Array ( [objectID] => 432 [title] => Turkey [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/turkey/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1319] => Array ( [objectID] => 433 [title] => Turkmenistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/turkmenistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Turkmenistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1320] => Array ( [objectID] => 434 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[0] => Cambodia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1487] => Array ( [objectID] => 287 [title] => Cameroon [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/cameroon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1488] => Array ( [objectID] => 288 [title] => Canada [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/canada/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Canada ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1489] => Array ( [objectID] => 289 [title] => Cape Verde [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/cape-verde/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cape Verde ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1490] => Array ( [objectID] => 290 [title] => Central-African-Republic [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/central-african-republic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1491] => Array ( [objectID] => 291 [title] => China [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1492] => Array ( [objectID] => 252 [title] => Chile [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/chile/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Chile ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1493] => Array ( [objectID] => 253 [title] => Egypt [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/egypt/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Egypt ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1494] => Array ( [objectID] => 254 [title] => Chad [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/chad/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Chad ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1495] => Array ( [objectID] => 255 [title] => India [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/india/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1496] => Array ( [objectID] => 256 [title] => Yemen [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/yemen/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1497] => Array ( [objectID] => 257 [title] => Pakistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/pakistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1498] => Array ( [objectID] => 258 [title] => Afghanistan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/afghanistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1499] => Array ( [objectID] => 259 [title] => Albania [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/albania/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Albania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1500] => Array ( [objectID] => 260 [title] => Algeria [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/algeria/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1501] => Array ( [objectID] => 261 [title] => Andorra [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/andorra/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Andorra ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1502] => Array ( [objectID] => 262 [title] => Angola [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/angola/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Angola ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1503] => Array ( [objectID] => 263 [title] => Antigua and Barbuda [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/antigua-and-barbuda/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1504] => Array ( [objectID] => 264 [title] => Argentina [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/argentina/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Argentina ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1505] => Array ( [objectID] => 265 [title] => Armenia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/armenia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Armenia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1506] => Array ( [objectID] => 266 [title] => Australia [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/australia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1507] => Array ( [objectID] => 267 [title] => Austria [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/austria/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Austria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1508] => Array ( [objectID] => 268 [title] => Azerbaijan [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/azerbaijan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Azerbaijan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1509] => Array ( [objectID] => 269 [title] => Bahamas [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/bahamas/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahamas ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1510] => Array ( [objectID] => 270 [title] => Bahrain [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/bahrain/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1511] => Array ( [objectID] => 271 [title] => Bangladesh [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pays/bangladesh/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Country page [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1512] => Array ( [objectID] => 4272 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty for terrorism in Chad [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-for-terrorism-in-chad/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a03af5648b38a9a0f22e741cc38331c9_2-1-500x280.png [extrait] => On 28 April 2020, the Chadian National Assembly unanimously voted to abolish the death penalty for crimes of terrorism. [texte] => Extract from the FIACAT press release published on 29 April 2020. To read the press release : http://fiacat.org/en/media-press/press-releases/2874-press-release-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-for-acts-of-terrorism-in-chadAccording to Salomon Nodjitoloum, President of ACAT Chad: "The abolition of the death penalty for crimes of terrorism is the culmination of the struggle of ACAT Chad and of all the abolitionists in the world. By taking this courageous decision, despite the resurgence of terrorist acts, Chad has joined the worldwide abolitionist trend. However, the struggle for the respect of human rights remains our objective. »On 8th May 2017, Chad had promulgated a new Criminal Code repealing the death penalty, except for terrorism-related offences. Law N°034 of 5th August 2015 on the suppression of terrorism-related offences continued to apply the death penalty for a significant number of crimes. While no executions or convictions have been recorded in 2019, four persons sentenced in 2018 were still being held on death row in deplorable conditions and kept in a secret location away from other prisoners.In recent years there has been a resurgence of the death penalty in the context of the fight against terrorism, with many countries around the world retaining the death penalty in their legislation for crimes related to terrorism. Chad, despite being threatened by the jihadist group Boko Haram, is showing that an abolitionist path is possible.(Image : by Kurious on Pixabay) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Chad ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1513] => Array ( [objectID] => 4273 [title] => TAEDP Withdraws from Ministry of Justice’s Task Force to Research the Gradual Abolition of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1588204800 [date] => 30/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/taedp-withdraws-from-ministry-of-justices-task-force-to-research-the-gradual-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7fa4268642e8f518848ce8fb044bb67f_2-1-500x208.jpg [extrait] => TAEDP Press Release, April 2, 2020The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty made this decision after the Ministry of Justice, in total disregard for the rule of law, arbitrarily and illegally executed a death row inmate on April 1, 2020. [texte] => TAEDP responded to the MOJ’s press release on Weng Jen-hsien's (翁仁賢) execution as follows:Upholding the rule of law or flouting it?The execution conducted on April 1 was the second carried out under President Tsai Ing-wen’s administration. Prior to the execution of Li Hong-ji (李宏基) in 2018, TAEDP participated in the follow-up meetings convened by the Ministry of Justice in the wake of the first international review of the Convention On the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). At one of the meetings, Deputy Minister Chen Ming-tang stated that he agreed with the view of civil society organizations that the “Guidelines Regarding the Execution of Death Penalty Cases” are problematic and needed to be reexamined. Chen asked the CSOs to provide suggestions for amendment. Ten days later, the Ministry of Justice executed Li Hong-ji, citing those same guidelines.Amendments to both the Prison Act and Detention Act were passed at the end of last year in the hope that these laws could be brought into line with human rights standards. The revision will come into force this coming July. Recently, various departments of the Ministry of Justice have called frequent meetings with civil society groups to discuss the relevant authorizations under their purview. Among the regulations being discussed, Article 145 of the newly amended Prison Act stated that “death penalty executions are carried out in specific locations in prisons. The approaches, restrictions, procedures and relevant rules are to be set by the Ministry of Justice.” This means that the past practice of execution by firing squad and lethal injection is subject to review, and that the relevant restrictions, procedures, etc. need to be worked out in order to ensure that they comply with human rights protections. But amidst these voices of discussion, the Ministry of Justice executed Weng Jen-hsien (翁仁賢) using the very execution procedures and methods which they admitted were questionable.The rule of law is not just about following the law. More importantly, it is about control and restraint of government power. The Ministry of Justice, as the competent authority for the death penalty, on the one hand knows that there is a problem with the law that needs to be changed. Nevertheless, the Ministry continues to carry out executions pursuant to the problematic law. This is not upholding the rule of law, this is flouting it.Carefully following the law or intentionally breaking it?This execution was not only a violation of the rule of law, it was also conducted illegally.In the third paragraph of its press release, the Ministry of Justice claims that, in accordance with the Guidelines Regarding the Execution of Death Penalty Cases, they sent inquiries to the relevant authorities to verify whether the death row inmate in question ever filed for an interpretation by the grand justices, a retrial ,or an extraordinary appeal and whether he had a mental disorder or a psychological or intellectual impairment, and confirmed that no application or pardon was granted before issuing the execution order. The Ministry of Justice claims that the process of human rights protection for death row inmates was carefully and thoroughly examined before authorizing the execution.However, during the course of the trial, Weng was clinically diagnosed by a psychiatrist as suffering from narcissistic personality disorder and partial autism-spectrum disorder. The diagnosis also indicated that Weng suffered from these multiple issues before and after the commission of the crime, and ultimately they were a major cause of this tragedy. How did the Ministry of Justice conclude that Weng’s case did not require a review relating to "mental disorder or other mental or intellectual impairment" as stated in the Guidelines Regarding the Execution of Death Penalty Cases? If the Ministry of Justice is unable to articulate the basis for its judgment, doubts about Weng’s execution being conducted unlawfully will remain.The fourth paragraph of the Ministry of Justice's press release also cites the ICCPR and ICESCR, stating that the implementation is in compliance with the provisions of the relevant conventions and that it is aimed at achieving judicial justice, enforcement and administration according to law. However, in accordance with the ICCPR and ICESCR, the CRPD, and the concluding observations and recommendations of the international review conducted in 2017, international experts have repeatedly said that the Taiwanese government should immediately establish a moratorium on executions, and that the death penalty should not be used against people with psychosocial or intellectual disabilities. This execution conducted by the Ministry of Justice is therefore in clear violation of covenant obligations.TAEDP again withdraws from the task force to research the gradual abolition of the death penaltyIn 2010, the Ministry of Justice invited experts and NGO representatives to form the "Task Force to Research the Gradual Abolition of the Death Penalty". In the first and second articles of the mission statement of the task force, it was clearly stated that “to implement the policy of gradual abolition of the death penalty and achieve the ultimate goal of death penalty abolition, the Ministry of Justice is planning to establish a standing Task Force to Research the Gradual Abolition of the Death Penalty” and that “The Act to Implement the ICCPR and ICESCR has already passed in the Legislature and the ICCPR and the ICESCR both were ratified by the President. The abolishment of the death penalty is a core issue of human rights. As part of human rights progress in Taiwan, the policy of gradually abolishing the death penalty shall be promoted with proactive measures. In order to obtain the approval of the civil society and victims’ groups, and achieve the goal of death penalty abolition in line with the international trend of death penalty abolition and secure the protection of human rights, a standing task force and its implementation mechanisms shall be established to urge other competent authorities to actively carry out relevant measures." This was the original intention behind the establishment of the task force and also the main reason for the CSO representatives to participate in the task force. It was a pity that, at the end of 2012, the Ministry of Justice openly stated that, “Regarding whether Taiwan’s death penalty should be retained or be abolished, the Ministry of Justice always upholds the principle of performing administrative duties according to law and has never pledged in public to abolish the death penalty or to end the death penalty.” In addition, witnessing how the government had continued to carry out executions since 2010, nine members from the civil society, including the TAEDP, held a press conference on December 25, 2012 to announce their withdrawal from the task force.During the second International Review of the ICCPR & ICESCR in early 2017, Deputy Minister Chen Ming-tang, in his response to the international experts’ inquiry, pledged to reinstate the task force within three months. However, the task force was not reinstated until the end of 2017. Members of the task force included the TAEDP, the Taiwan Innocence Project (台灣冤獄平反協會), the Chinese Human Rights Association (中華人權協會), the Association for Victims Support (犯罪被害人保護協會), the White Rose Social Care Association (白玫瑰社會關懷協會), and representatives from academia as well as government officials. At the first meeting of the task force, a majority of its members took a clear position in support of the death penalty. To date, seven meetings have been held and it has become obvious that only a few representatives from civil society would attend the meetings, generally the same ones, and that the meeting times and agenda appeared to be loose and lacking in substance. In the end, the meetings turned into lectures by international scholars. Many issues raised by civil society were not discussed in substance nor were any conclusions reached.The TAEDP has been actively involved in the operation of the Task Force to Research the Gradual Abolition of the Death Penalty, hoping to assist the Ministry of Justice to foster more communication and discussion in civil society. However, the Ministry of Justice only passively reinstated the task force in response to the inquiry from international experts. The Ministry’s inaction and its continuation of executions in violation of the law are in total conflict with the goals of the task force. It has become obvious to the TAEDP that there is no point in remaining in the task force. Once again, the TAEDP has decided to withdraw from the task force.An Unsuitable Minister of JusticeIn 2002, the Taiwan Legislature failed to ratify the ICCPR and the ICESCR due to a motion to reconsider. In March 2009, the Legislature passed the Act to Implement the ICCPR and the ICESCR. According to Article 6, Item 6 of the ICCPR, “Nothing in this article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolition of capital punishment by any State Party to the present Covenant.” It is beyond doubt that the abolition of the death penalty is an important policy objective for Taiwanese criminal law and it should be the government’s responsibility and goal.If reports by the news media are accurate, Minister of Justice Tsai Tsing-hsiang has claimed that neither Prime Minister Su Tseng-chang nor President Tsai Ing-wen had any prior knowledge regarding the execution. In his position as Minister of Justice, we expect Minister Tsai not only to respect the rule of law and lead his ministry in accordance with the law, he should also advise the government to actively promote the nation’s policy of abolishing the death penalty. A minister who arbitrarily carries out executions with such disregard for the rule of law has already shown that he is no longer suitable for this position. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1514] => Array ( [objectID] => 4274 [title] => Death penalty in 2019: Facts and figures [timestamp] => 1587513600 [date] => 22/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-in-2019-facts-and-figures/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/31caa1f93de435efc5439c33a308051f_2-1-500x208.jpg [extrait] => Amnesty International published its annual report on death sentences and executions worldwide on 21 April 2020. It showed that the number of known executions decreased slightly on the 2018 total, reaching the lowest figure in more than 10 years, despite Iraq nearly doubling its tally and Saudi Arabia having its highest executions total in any given year. [texte] => Extract from Amnesty International article published on 21 April 2020.To read the article: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/04/death-penalty-in-2019-facts-and-figures/Full report available here: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/1847/2020/en/Amnesty International recorded 657 executions in 20 countries in 2019, a decrease of 5% compared to 2018 (at least 690). This is the lowest number of executions that Amnesty International has recorded in at least a decade.Most executions took place in China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Egypt – in that order.China remained the world’s leading executioner – but the true extent of the use of the death penalty in China is unknown as this data is classified as a state secret; the global figure of at least 657 excludes the thousands of executions believed to have been carried out in China.Executions in Iran fell slightly from at least 253 in 2018 to at least 251 in 2019. Executions in Iraq almost doubled from at least 52 in 2018 to at least 100 in 2019, while Saudi Arabia executed a record number of people from 149 in 2018 to 184 in 2019.Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Kazakhstan, Kenya and Zimbabwe either took positive steps or made pronouncements in 2019 which may lead to the abolition of the death penalty.Barbados also removed the mandatory death penalty from its Constitution. In the United States, the Governor of California established an official moratorium on executions in the US state with biggest death row population, and New Hampshire became the 21st US state to abolish the death penalty for all crimes.Gambia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, the Russian Federation and Tajikistan continued to observe official moratoriums on executions.At the end of 2019, 106 countries (a majority of the world’s states) had abolished the death penalty in law for all crimes, and 142 countries (more than two-thirds) had abolished the death penalty in law or practice.Amnesty International recorded commutations or pardons of death sentences in 24 countries: Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco/Western Sahara, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Singapore, Sudan, Thailand, UAE, USA, Zambia, Zimbabwe.At least 11 exonerations of prisoners under sentence of death were recorded in two countries: USA and Zambia.Amnesty International recorded at least 2,307 death sentences in 56 countries compared to the total of 2,531 reported in 54 countries in 2018. However, Amnesty did not receive information on official figures for death sentences imposed in Malaysia, Nigeria and Sri Lanka, countries that reported high official numbers of death sentences in previous years.At least 26,604 people were known to be under sentence of death globally at the end of 2019. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1515] => Array ( [objectID] => 4275 [title] => Punishing Sex Crimes: The Evolution of the Death Penalty in India [timestamp] => 1587427200 [date] => 21/04/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/punishing-sex-crimes-the-evolution-of-the-death-penalty-in-india/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0cca9b7f24ebc8a07448791fca4718ae_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => The Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics, an annual report published in January 2020 by Project 39A, details the application of the death penalty in India during the year 2019. It also describes developments in criminal justice and policy in the country. [texte] => According to the report, in 2019, the number of people sentenced to death decreased. However, at the same time, there is a significant increase in the number of convictions for sexual crimes: 52.94% compared to the previous year.The issue of sexual violence against women and children is now at the center of India's legislative and societal concerns in 2019. Key points of the report- 102 death sentences were handed down this year by courts of first instance, compared to 162 in 2018;- As of 31 December 2019, 378 people were on death row;- The two most frequent types of crime for those on death row are: - Murder with sexual offence (54 convictions), - Murder (28 convictions);- 3 prisoners sentenced to death died in prison;- 6 states have not passed death sentences in 4 years (Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim);- Of the 102 convictions, Rajasthan has the most convictions with 13 this year, followed by Uttar Pradesh with 12 convictions, Madhya Pradesh with 11 convictions and Karnataka with 10 convictions.4 people executed for the first time since 2015Sentenced in 2013 for the gang rape and murder of Jyoti Singh Pandey in New Delhi, Vinay Kumar Sharma, Pawan Gupta, Mukesh Singh and Akshay Thakur were executed by hanging on 20 March 2020, although the country had not carried out an execution since 2015.The infamous case provoked a wave of anger in India and around the world, prompting the government to change the law to include an amendment (the Nirbhaya law) in 2013 making gang rape punishable by death.In December 2019, following popular outrage in response to the mass rape in Hyderabad the previous November, the Andhra Pradesh state legislature amended the Indian Penal Code of 1860 to provide for the death penalty as the exclusive punishment for rape. This state-sponsored amendment to the Indian Penal Code must now be approved by the president in order to come into force in the state of Andhra Pradesh.The Disha Act 2019 (named after the rape survivor in Hyderabad), passed by the Andhra Pradesh legislature, includes a provision to shorten the trial period to 21 days.Amendment of the POSCO Act 2012Between July and August 2019, five new clauses were added to the POSCO (Protection of Children against Sexual Crimes) Act, including the death penalty for aggravated sexual assault committed by a person in a position of authority. This concerns persons working as civil servants, for example, but also the child's parents, relatives or a teachers. The amendments were voted by the Rajya Sabha upper house and the Lok Sabha lower house of the Indian parliament.However, this amendment may, instead of protecting children, put them in even greater danger. There is a greater risk that the perpetrator will kill his victim to escape conviction. It may also make it even more difficult to report cases, as assaults are often committed by someone close to the child. Convictions for sex crimes are more often confirmedThe report also notes a trend towards the confirmation of sentences for murder cases involving sexual offences by the High Courts. Seventeen sentences were confirmed, while only 15 were commuted. By way of comparison, for cases of simple murder, 8 cases were confirmed while 17 that were commuted.The Supreme Court, for its part, has a greater number of commuted sentences than confirmed sentences, with 11 cases commuted while only 4 confirmed.Most of the time, the sentences pronounced by the High Courts and the Supreme Court at the time of the commutation of the death penalty are: - life imprisonment (subject to remission after 14 years);- followed by imprisonment for the remainder of natural life (not subject to remission).In 2019, 6 death warrants were issued against prisoners, all of which were eventually suspended by the courts. The Abolition of Capital Punishment (Amendment) Bill, 2019Last July, Congress MP Pradeep Tamta introduced a bill to abolish the death penalty in India. He argued that the death penalty has been abolished in most countries in the world and that in India, it is often the result of botched investigations that affect mostly poor people.He withdrew the law by the appeal of G. Kishan Reddy, Minister of State for Home Affairs, who said that the government will decide after all the different states have submitted their reports on the issue of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1516] => Array ( [objectID] => 4276 [title] => Program and Admin Assistant (Trainee) [timestamp] => 1585612800 [date] => 31/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/program-and-admin-assistant-trainee/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is recruiting an intern for a period of 6 months going from mid-June to mid December 2020. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence. Main tasks: The World Coalition is recruiting an intern for a period of 6 months. The Intern will be in charge of: • Assisting the staff for the preparation of the international campaigns of the World Coalition and for the update of the Website: www.worldcoalition.org; • Participating in the logistics of World Coalition’s meetings and in the day-to-day management of the organisation. Qualifications: An internship agreement with a university is compulsory. • University degree in human rights, law, political sciences or humanities; • Good organisational and writing skills; • Perfect speaking/ writing knowledge in one of the following languages: English or French, as well as a working knowledge of the other language required; • Good computer knowledge and skills, in particular Microsoft Office and the Internet; • Willingness to work in a multicultural environment;• Familiarity with topics related to human rights and the death penalty is an asset; • Good knowledge of another language would be a plus. We offer: • An international working environment • Internship allowance of 600,60€ per month with an Internship agreement *• Contribution to transportation fees • Lunch vouchers• 2,5 days leave per month To apply: Applications should be sent in English or French to the World Coalition by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: Internship) before 17 April 2020 with: • A cover letter • A curriculum vitae The World Coalition is a signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1517] => Array ( [objectID] => 4277 [title] => How Colorado became the 22nd abolitionist State in the USA [timestamp] => 1585526400 [date] => 30/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-colorado-became-the-22nd-abolitionist-state-in-the-usa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/306adb45e35d5c921aad3f34c5ed601a_2-1-500x281.png [extrait] => On March 23 2020, the Governor of the State of Colorado, Jared Polis, signed legislation abolishing the death penalty. The bill SB20-100 had passed the Senate by a 19-13 vote on January 30 and the House by a 38-27 vote on February 26. He also commuted the sentences of the three people on death row […] [texte] => On March 23 2020, the Governor of the State of Colorado, Jared Polis, signed legislation abolishing the death penalty. The bill SB20-100 had passed the Senate by a 19-13 vote on January 30 and the House by a 38-27 vote on February 26. He also commuted the sentences of the three people on death row in the state.Long Walk to Abolition: how abolitionists made it happenIn a fascinating article, the ACLU of Colorado explains “How Colorado Finally Repealed the Death Penalty”: “For more than twenty years, an evolving coalition of victims’ family members, corrections officers, defense attorneys, prosecutors, faith leaders, and civil liberties champions have worked relentlessly to end the death penalty in Colorado. In 2019, following a democratic sweep of both the legislature and the Governor’s office, many thought repeal was inevitable. Unfortunately, the state senate could not bring the bill across the finish line. In response, the ACLU of Colorado launched an ambitious, multifaceted, bipartisan, and community-driven campaign to finally end the broken death penalty.”For example, early in the campaign, ACLU Colorado organised community conversation in Aurora and other cities, where the majority of death penalty cases were pursued. Through a coalition of organisations, they organised postcard parties, letters to the editor, asked questions to legislators at town halls to raise awareness. They also gathered an extensive collection of stories and statistics in the ACLU of Colorado report, “Ending A Broken System: Colorado’s Expensive, Ineffective and Unjust Death Penalty.” Defense attorneys broke down the staggering costs of each case, exonerees testified to the flaws of the death penalty and victims’ families whose loved ones were murdered shared why, even in the face of such tragedy, they were firmly against the death penalty, in videos, at a press conference, and during testimony at the capitol. Faith leaders also participated in community events and signed a letter condemning the immorality of the death penalty. Finally, they organised an “End the Death Penalty Lobby Day” at the beginning of the legislative session in January 2020 during which nineteen corrections officers joined a sign-on letter urging legislators to end the death penalty based on the harm it causes public servants tasked with performing executions, twenty-seven Colorado prosecutors joined a sign-on letter explaining that using executions as a bargaining chip increases the risk that innocent people will plead guilty to a crime they did not commit and victims’ family members drafted a letter with 70 signatures explaining how the death penalty process forced them to relive the trauma of murder over decades, undermining the healing process. Abolition was made possible “thanks to a community-driven campaign that uplifted stories of people directly impacted by this legislation. We dug into Colorado-specific facts on the costs and inequities of the system and coordinated a network of activists to hold legislators accountable.”“It is time to say in law what our state what our state has made clear in practice”As many other States in the USA and worldwide, this abolition was preceded by a period of very limited use of the death penalty. The state’s only execution since the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated capital punishment in 1977, was more than 20 years ago, in 1997, and the last sentence, by jury, 10 years ago, in 2010. Also, on 22 May 2013, then-Governor John Hickenlooper imposed a moratorium on executions. In his Executive Order, the governor stated, “If the State of Colorado is going to undertake the responsibility of executing a human being, the system must operate flawlessly. Colorado’s system for capital punishment is not flawless.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1518] => Array ( [objectID] => 4278 [title] => The World Coalition Has Published a New Guide on Working with the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights [timestamp] => 1585180800 [date] => 26/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-world-coalition-has-published-a-new-guide-on-working-with-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/53cfecbd52c487a411ac1c5d5d1cd56e_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition has developed and published a training manual, in partnership with its member the International Federation of Christians Against Torture (FIACAT), on working with the African Union’s human rights organ, the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR). This how-to guide was created specifically for civil society to help encourage successful interaction with the ACHPR, a growing and influential human rights mechanism on the continent. [texte] => Produced in the context of the second phase of the project on “Contributing to the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa”, this guide provides information not only on the ACHPR itself, but also on the advocacy opportunities that civil society has within this human rights body for the abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition identified the need to create this guide after spending years working with the ACHPR and observing numerous civil society organizations who did not understand how the mechanism functioned. As a key to successful advocacy lies in learning how to operate within a structure, the necessity of this guide became apparent. Initial versions of this guide were used during ACHPR trainings led by the World Coalition during the 63rd, 64th and 65th Ordinary Sessions of the ACHPR in 2018 and 2019. The authors of the guide built on these versions, enrichened by the participants themselves, to create a clear and comprehensive manual. As stated by Komrabai Dumbuya, Society for Human Rights Development Organization in Sierra Leone during the training in April 2019, “I learned new things on human rights and the death penalty in Africa. Of course [this] training was useful and increased my advocacy skills and helped me build counter arguments for the total abolition of the death penalty.” Connie Numbi of the Ugandan Foundation for Human Rights Initiative, who led the most recent training in 2019, explained that “ [this type of training] is important because most NGOs [who] have an observer status [with the ACHPR] may not be utilizing it just because they do not know what to do [during the sessions.]” Published in both French and English, ‘How to Work with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights for the Abolition of the Death Penalty’ is available below and on the World Coalition’s digital library, attached to this article. Publish at Calameo [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1519] => Array ( [objectID] => 18411 [title] => The State of Texas vs. Melissa [timestamp] => 1585094400 [date] => 25/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-state-of-texas-vs-melissa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Melissa Lucio was the first Hispanic woman sentenced to death in Texas. For ten years she has been awaiting her fate, and she now faces her last appeal. [texte] => Skip NavigationThe State of Texas vs. MelissaMelissa Lucio was the first Hispanic woman sentenced to death in Texas. For ten years she has been awaiting her fate, and she now faces her last appeal.moreDirector: Sabrina Van TasselDocumentariesMovie2020 5.1 hdStream thousands of shows and movies, with plans starting at $6.99/month. New subscribers only. 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In this regard, the Anti-Terrorism Law of 2014 has been used to prosecute Anglophone human rights activists before military courts for acts of terrorism, secession, rebellion, and spreading false news, with the death penalty as a potential sentence in such cases. While Cameroon ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1984, it has yet to ratify its Second Optional Protocol aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (ICCPR-OP2). Although no execution has taken place in Cameroon since 1997, civil society organizations estimate that 220 people currently are under sentence of death in Cameroon. As discussed below, Cameroon fails to uphold its obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination because its domestic law and institutional and political framework do not sufficiently protect Anglophones facing the death penalty. [texte] => The Advocates for Human Rights • 330 Second Avenue South • Suite 800 • Minneapolis, MN 55401 • USA Tel: 612-341-3302 • Fax: 612-341-2971 • Email: hrights@advrights.org • www.TheAdvocatesForHumanRights.org Cameroon’s Compliance with International Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination (against Anglophone Cameroonians): Death PenaltySubmitted by The Advocates for Human Rightsa non-governmental organization in special consultative status with ECOSOC since 1996The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyL’ACAT CamerounRACOPEMFIACATandECPMfor the 106th Session of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination11–29 April 2022Submitted 21 March 2022The Advocates for Human Rights (The Advocates) is a volunteer-based nongovernmental organization committed to the impartial promotion and protection of international human rights standards and the rule of law. Established in 1983, The Advocates conducts a range of programs to promote human rights in the United States and around the world, including monitoring and fact finding, direct legal representation, education and training, and publications. In 1991, The Advocates adopted a formal commitment to oppose the death penalty worldwide and organized a death penalty project to provide pro bono assistance on post-conviction appeals, as well as education and advocacy to end capital punishment. The Advocates currently holds a seat on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (World Coalition), an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on May 13, 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. In some countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction in the use of capital punishment as a first step towards abolition.ACAT Cameroon is an organization active in the field of the defense of human rights and the promotion of social justice in Cameroon since 1993. ACAT Cameroon has an authorization from the Cameroonian public administration n°RD/00063 /RDA/JO6/BAPP of February 23, 1993. A local non-governmental organzation, ACAT Cameroon fights for the eradication of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment in all their forms and for the abolition of the death penalty. It works daily on public policies and social justice through the humanization of the prison environment, education in human rights and citizenship, legal and judicial support for 2victims of human rights violations, and human rights monitoring. ACAT Cameroon is an affiliated member of FIACAT, the Cameroon Human Rights Commission (CDHC) and the National AntiCorruption Coalition (CONAC). ACAT is also the leader of the platform of human rights defense associations called Maison des Droits de l’Homme du Cameroun (MDHC); it houses the Observatory on Arbitrary Arrests and Illegal Detentions; and it is a member and vice coordinator of the Observatory on Public Freedoms, for the Littoral Region of the CDHC.Le Réseaux des avocats camerounais contre la peine de mort (RACOPEM) is a Cameroonian organization that advocates for the respect of human rights and primarily the right to life in Cameroon. Founded in July 2015, the organization set its goal to bring national and international efforts in harmony in pursuit of the universal abolition of the death penalty or at least the establishment of a de jure moratorium on executions in the Cameroonian judicial system, the promotion of respect for human rights in the administration of justice, legal aid for vulnerable persons, mobilization of lawyers and other legal professionals engaged in the abolition of the death penalty in order to exchange and reinforce their skills on strategies of abolition, and the creation of a network of international solidarity between lawyers providing defense to persons subject to the death penalty. Established in 8 regions of Cameroon, RACOPEM has mobilized national actors with a view to abolishing the death penalty since its creation.FIACAT, The International Federation of Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture, is an international non-governmental human rights organisation, set up in 1987, which works towards the abolition of torture and the death penalty. The Federation brings together some thirty national associations, the ACATs, present in four continents; 15 of them are active in sub-Saharan Africa. FIACAT represents its members before international and regional organisations; by referring the concerns of its members working on the ground to international bodies, FIACAT’s aim is to encourage the adoption of relevant recommendations and their implementation by governments. FIACAT works towards the application of international human rights conventions, the prevention of torture in places of detention, and an end to enforced disappearances and impunity. It also takes part in the campaign against the death penalty by calling on states to abolish capital punishment in their legal systems. FIACAT also assists its member associations in organising themselves, supporting them so that they can become important players in civil society, capable of raising public awareness and having an impact on the authorities in their country.ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty) is a French non-governmental organisation that fights against the death penalty worldwide and in all circumstances by uniting and rallying abolitionist forces across the world. The organisation advocates with international bodies and encourages universal abolition through education, information, local partnerships and public awareness campaigns. ECPM is the organiser of the World Congresses Against the Death Penalty and a founding member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. In 2016, ECPM was granted consultative status with ECOSOC.3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This report addresses Cameroon’s compliance with human rights obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, particularly with respect to the imposition of the death penalty against Anglophone Cameroonians.2. By way of background, the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon began in 2016 as peaceful protests by lawyers and teachers demanding linguistic reforms but rapidly escalated into a war of secession that has killed thousands of people and displaced over one million.13. The Cameroonian Criminal Code adopted in 2016 allows for the death penalty, including for vaguely defined terrorism-related offences. In this regard, the Anti-Terrorism Law of 2014 hasbeen used to prosecute Anglophone human rights activists before military courts for acts of terrorism, secession, rebellion, and spreading false news, with the death penalty as a potential sentence in such cases.24. While Cameroon ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1984, it has yet to ratify its Second Optional Protocol aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (ICCPR-OP2).3 Although no execution has taken place in Cameroon since 1997, civil society organizations estimate that 220 people currently are under sentence of death in Cameroon.45. As discussed below, Cameroon fails to uphold its obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination because its domestic law and institutional and political framework do not sufficiently protect Anglophones facing the death penalty.Cameroon’s domestic law and institutional and political framework do not sufficiently protect Anglophones at risk of being sentenced to death 6. The people of the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon remain a separate and distinct people with English as their official working language, whereas the people of the other regions of the country are Francophones. The non-recognition of the status of Anglophones as a distinct group with rights in line with unification agreements has led to gross violations of the individual rights of Anglophones in Cameroon.57. According to Amnesty International, “[m]ore than 1,000 Anglophone people arrested between 2016 and 2021 in relation to the Anglophone crisis are behind bars in at least 10 prisons across 1 Foreign Policy, Cameroon’s Forgotten Civil War Is Getting Worse, (December 2021) 1, available online at https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/12/02/cameroon-civil-war-worse-nigeria-ambazonia-anglophone-crisis/. 2Carole Berrih and Nestor Toko, Sentenced to Oblivion - Fact Finding Mission on Death Row in Cameroon, ECPM, 2019,¶ 51-53, available at https://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/mission-enquete-cameroun-2019-GB.pdf. 3 Parliamentarians for Global Action, Cameroon and the Death Penalty, available online at https://www.pgaction.org/ilhr/adp/cmr.html; World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Cameroon Abolitionist in practice: Legal Status of the Death Penalty, available online at https://worldcoalition.org/pays/cameroon/. 4 Prison Insider, Cameroon: detention conditions of people sentenced to death, (January 18, 2022), available at https://www.prison-insider.com/en/articles/cameroun-conditions-de-detention-des-condamnes-a-mort. 5 Chiatoh, Valerie Muguoh, Recognition of minority groups as a prerequisite for the protection of human rights: The case of Anglophone Cameroon, Afr. hum. rights law j. vol.19 n.2 Pretoria 2019.4the country, including 650 in Buea, 280 in Yaoundé, 181 in Douala and 101 in Bafoussam. Dozens have been arbitrarily detained.”68. The Anti-Terrorism Law’s vague and broad language is sometimes used as grounds for arresting human rights defenders focusing on issues of relevance to the Anglophone community.7 Anglophones in [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Cameroon-CERD-Death-Penalty.pdf ) [1522] => Array ( [objectID] => 4280 [title] => Death Sentences in the Democratic Republic of the Congo More Numerous than Previously Thought [timestamp] => 1583971200 [date] => 12/03/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-sentences-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-more-numerous-than-previously-thought/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9d26ff61ae6b9461b23e88f23c38d467_2-1-500x334.png [extrait] => ECPM and CPJ published a report in December 2019 following a fact-finding mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) that took place earlier in the year. The results of the mission were astonishing – while the number of individuals sentenced to death was previously estimated to be 300 at most, the mission uncovered that there are at least 510 waiting execution. Liévin Ngondji, co-author of the report and President of CPJ, was in Paris in February 2020 to comment. Photo on the cover of the Report : 22 Oct 2015. Prison Centrale Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo copyright Ben Houdjik/ Shutterstock [texte] => The DRC has been an abolitionist de facto country for almost 20 years, the last execution dating to January 2003. While there has been growing civil society and political interest in the question of full abolition, capital punishment has continued to be passed down in the courts. Presenting the report at Ensemble Contre la peine de mort (ECPM)’s headquarters, Liévin Ngondji, President of Congolese NGO Culture pour la Paix et la Justice (CPJ), spoke about the main findings and what this may mean regarding the abolitionist fight in the DRC.A team of fact finders, led by CPJ, visited 10 prisons and detention camps spread throughout the country and interviewed over 250 individuals sentenced to death along with their family members, and prison workers. The team uncovered alarming facts about the current state of capital punishment throughout the nation including a much higher estimation of individuals sentenced to death than previously estimated, systemic problems in the DRC’s judiciary and the question of torture on death row.THE PROFILE OF THOSE SENTENCED TO DEATH IN THE DRC The report found that there are at least 510 individuals living with a death sentence in the DRC. This is twice the number than was previously estimated. Of those sentenced to death, almost half are incarcerated in an isolated detention camp in the north of the country in Angenga. A profile of those sentenced to death emerged; while most who are sentenced to death are men, there is at least 1 woman who was interviewed. Individuals ranging from 20 to 70 years old were interviewed, although the mean age is 40. In addition, 44% of incarcerated individuals had been sentenced to death in the past 5 years, and another 16% had been sentenced in the past 16-20 years. SYSTEMIC FLAWS IN THE JUDICIARY AND THE RIGHT TO LEGAL REPRESENTATION During the interviews, a reoccurring feature of many individual’s backgrounds was a flawed trial and ineffective legal representation during trial. Mr. Ngondji, a practicing lawyer himself, noted that the growing militarization of the Congolese legal system, not being given an interpreter during the court proceedings and coercion on the part of law enforcement to get a confession all contribute to large systemic flaws, barring hope for access to fair trials. The theme of 2020’s World Day Against the Death Penalty if the lack of effective legal representation during all stages of an individual’s arrest and the higher chances of a death sentence if such representation is not offered. This study exemplifies the paramount nature of this right in the outcome of an individual’s trial and the weight of the sentence. While 66% of those interviewed indicated that they had some sort of legal representation during their trial, many said that their legal representation was far from sufficient citing issues such as their lawyers were inexperienced in capital punishment trials, that they left mid-trial as they were not being paid by the client, or they put in contact with the defendant the day of the trial with no means to prepare in advance. Another 34% admitted to not being afforded a lawyer at all by the courts and being alone during the trial. Even though the Congolese penal code provides for universal legal representation, “the funds allocated for legal aid are generally unavailable at the free consultation offices of the Bar Association. Lawyers and advocates therefore do not have the resources to prepare files and organize the defense of their clients.” DETENTION CONDITIONS On top of the death sentence, the report disclosed details of prison conditions and what living on death row means for those who are sentenced. As the DRC is under a de facto moratorium, many who receive the death sentence are incarcerated indefinitely. Many are housed in facilities that are located far away from their families, rendering seeing loved ones a complicated, costly affair at best and completely impossible at worst. Overpopulation in prisons is omnipresent, going as far as 560% over capacity at the prison facility in Makala and 465% in Goma. Sanitary and hygiene conditions are deplorable, as well as the quality of food, medical services and security services in the prisons which contribute annually to numerous deaths. In 2019 the UN’s Committee on Torture condemned the situation, equating the hazardous living conditions to the definition of torture. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1523] => Array ( [objectID] => 4281 [title] => Singapore must stop targeting HR defenders and media [timestamp] => 1582156800 [date] => 20/02/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singapore-must-stop-targeting-hr-defenders-and-media/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d75f3b26e73e2881051cab4969a0e231_2-1.jpg [extrait] => We, the 37 undersigned groups and organisations, and three individuals, are appalled by Singapore’s denial and response to the highlighting of alleged “barbaric” unlawful practices in execution method that was highlighted vide a Jan 16 media statement issued by Lawyers for Liberty (LFL).get to many more people when media reports on our statements. [texte] => Singapore claims that it is “untrue, baseless and preposterous”.We are also shocked by Singapore’s invoking of the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (Pofma), and the issuing of notices and directions ordering LFL and three parties that have shared the allegations – Singaporean activist Kirsten Han, The Online Citizen website and Yahoo Singapore – to correct the false statements.To comply with this Pofma Order, Singapore authorities said: “They will be required to carry a correction notice alongside their posts or articles stating that their posts or articles contain falsehoods”.Non-compliance with the Pofma notice is a crime, and if convicted an individual may be liable to a fine not exceeding S$20,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or both, whereas others will be liable to a fine not exceeding S$500,000.The notice can also lead to an access blocking order, whereby service providers will have to disable access by end-users in Singapore to the online location.It is not a defence even if one has applied to the responsible minister to withdraw or vary the order, appealed to court or is “subject to a duty under any written law, any rule of law, any contract or any rule of professional conduct, that prevents the person from complying with the Pofma notice”.It is deplorable to ask any human rights defender or media agency to publicly take a position that the alleged rights violations and/or injustices that they highlighted or reported on are false or contains falsehood.Where there is an allegation of a wrongdoing or a crime, it is the duty of a human rights defender or any concerned person to highlight it, and thereafter, it falls on the relevant government, or relevant national, regional or international bodies to conduct the needed independent investigation and determine whether what was alleged was true or baseless. Note that many investigations may even come to no conclusions due to insufficiency of evidence, and this should in no way lead to the assumption that the allegations were untrue. A perusal of the LFL statement shows that the source of their information, amongst others, is from a credible source – a Singapore prison officer.This would reasonably be someone who had first-hand knowledge of what was being alleged.In the LFL statement, it also mentions that this officer is prepared to come forward and testify at the appropriate forum. LFL also highlighted this allegation earlier, in its Nov 23, 2019 statement, where it said: “Finally, we’ve also received shocking information relating to the process of execution at Changi prison.“We have incontrovertible evidence that unlawful and extremely brutal methods are secretly used in carrying out hangings by the Singapore Prison Services. We are prepared to reveal this evidence, supplied by prison officers, in due course.” LFL, in the Jan 16 statement, also said it had written to the Singapore authorities and informed them it is prepared to meet them and hand over the evidence in its possession. However, the Singapore government met LFL’s disclosures with deafening silence.Significantly, the government also did not deny LFL’s allegation of brutality in carrying out hangings, which has been widely reported.The Singapore government should have rightfully met with LFL, received the evidence and conducted a proper investigation and disclosed its findings.According to law, police are not supposed to torture detainees, but the fact is that some police officers do torture and even kill those in their custody.It may not the government’s fault, but the fault of these errant officers who did wrong.But, if a government, after receiving information of such wrongdoings, chooses to do nothing about it, then it can be said that the government that “covers up” wrongdoings of public servants or simply ignores it may be just as guilty of the said wrongdoings.The media is obliged to report to the public, and that includes statements and positions of ordinary people and human rights defenders.Most media outlets, would as a matter of good practice, try to get a response from the alleged perpetrator or other relevant parties but the news ought never be stifled simply because the perpetrators (or interested parties) do not provide an immediate response.Of course, most media will carry even a late response from the alleged perpetrator or other interested parties.Obligations imposed on the media should not be the same as those imposed on individuals using social media.Many good people who share news or views on social media, if they do get a response from alleged perpetrator or interested parties, will also usually share that response with their readership.In Malaysia, many human rights violations and even crimes that were highlighted by HR Defenders or media were investigated by the government.As an example, in Malaysia, it was the investigation by the New Straits Times Special Probes Team into the mass killings in Wang Kelian in 2015 that highlighted and suggested a massive, coordinated cover-up.It revealed the human trafficking death camps had been discovered months earlier, but police only announced the discovery on May 25.It also questioned why the police ordered the destruction of these camps, which were potential crime scenes before they could be processed by forensics personnel?The Malaysian government’s response was to investigate this case, and on Jan 16, it was reported that the Home Ministry will present a report by the Royal Commission of Inquiry (RCI) on the Wang Kelian human trafficking incident to the Cabinet next week.Hopefully, thereafter the report will be made public.Like Malaysia, Singapore too should have conducted a comprehensive investigation on the allegations raised by LFL, and not try to “force” LFL and others who highlighted this issue to publicly admit that it contained falsehood.Publicly highlighting allegations or facts of wrongdoings, rights violations and injustices today is a means of ensuring that justice is done, for otherwise relevant governments and enforcement authorities can sometimes chose to simply “cover-up” such allegations.It is wrong for any government to use laws and crimes (with serious penalties) to prevent human rights defenders, media and others from highlighting allegations of wrongdoings.Such laws that undermine the responsibilities of human rights defenders, including media, ought to be repealed. Freedom of expression, opinion and peaceful assembly ought to be protected.The courage to highlight possible human rights violations, injustices and wrongdoings should be applauded, not stifled or penalised.The media reported that the Singapore Minister of Communications and Information had on Jan 23 directed the Infocomm Media Development Authority to get Internet service providers here to block the LFL website for not complying with a correction direction issued under the fake news law.Therefore, we call on Singapore to:– immediately and unconditionally withdraw the notice and internet access blocking orders pursuant to Pofma that were directed at LFL, Kristen Han, The Online Citizen, Yahoo Singapore and others.– ensure an independent and thorough investigation is conducted concerning allegations of unjust and barbaric practices that allegedly happened during the hanging of persons in Singapore.– respect human rights defenders and media agencies, and not to stifle them from carrying out their responsibility and duty to highlight allegations of human rights violations and injustices.– abolish the death penalty.________________________________________The above is a joint statement from Aliran, Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (Adpan), Asian Federation Against Involuntary Disappearances (Afad), Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons from Indian Administered Jammu and Kashmir, Association of Human Rights Defenders and Promoters- HRDP in Myanmar, Asociación de Trabajadoras del Hogar a Domicilio y de Maquila–Atrahdom, Guatemala, Australians Against Capital Punishment, Banglar Manabadhikar Suraksha Mancha (Masum), India, Dutch League For Human Rights, Empower Foundation Thailand, Families of Victims of Involuntary Disappearance (Find) – Philippines, German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, Global Women’s Strike United Kingdom, Japan Innocence and Death Penalty Information Center, Karapatan Alliance Philippines, LAW United Kingdom, Madpet (Malaysians Against Death Penalty and Torture), Malaysian Trade Union Congress, Manushya Foundation Thailand, MAP Foundation (Migrant Assistance Program) Thailand, North-South Initiative, Odhikar Bangladesh, Payday Men’s Network United Kingdom. Persatuan Komuniti Prihatin Selangor dan Kuala Lumpur, Programme Against Custodial Torture & Impunity (Pacti) India, People’s Empowerment Foundation Thailand, Sarawak Dayak Iban Association (Sadia), Singapore Anti Death Penalty Campaign, Suaram Malaysia, Terai Human Rights Defenders Alliance Nepal, The Advocates for Human Rights, The Day of the Endangered Lawyer Foundation, The Julian Wagner Memorial Fund Australia, Union for Civil Liberty Thailand, Workers Assistance Center Inc Philippines, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty/ Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort, WH4C (Workers Hub For Change), Vucong, Giao (School of Law, Vietnam National University Hanoi), N Jayaram (Journalist, Bangalore) and Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman (human rights defender from Bangladesh, in Hong Kong) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1524] => Array ( [objectID] => 4282 [title] => The Death Penalty in Human Rights Watch “World Report 2020” [timestamp] => 1580947200 [date] => 06/02/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-in-human-rights-watch-world-report-2020/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/75fa1c5f08afe1c248cf216aa52c1265_2-1-500x253.png [extrait] => HRW, a member organization of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, focused its report on human rights practices in almost 100 countries, including on abuses in civil and political rights. [texte] => The report assesses the situation of the death penalty in several countries: Angola; Belarus; Bahrain; Egypt; India; Iran; Iraq; Japan; Libya; Malaysia; Mauritania; Pakistan; Papua New Guinea; the Philippines; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Singapore; Somalia; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Syria; Uganda and the Unites States.In 2019, Libya “released on health grounds two former Gaddafi prime ministers who a Tripoli criminal court had sentenced to death in 2015”. HRW highlighted that “[n]o death sentences have been carried out since 2010 [in Libya], although both military and civilian courts continued to pronounce them”. Egypt sentenced to death “hundreds of individuals” in both civilian and military courts “often in mass trials in cases that stem from alleged political violence or planned violence”. In addition, authorities “executed at least 15 prisoners in three cases on political grounds. Military and civilian courts of appeal upheld at least 32 death sentences, raising the number on death row to 74”. In Saudi Arabia the situation is critical concerning the death penalty. On 23 April “Saudi Arabia carried out a mass execution of 37 men in various parts of the country. At least 33 were from the country’s minority Shia community who had been convicted following unfair trials for various alleged crimes, including protest-related offenses, espionage, and terrorism”. Moreover, World Coalition member organization Reprieve confirmed that “[a]t least three of those executed were minors at the time of their alleged offences”. Reprieve affirmed that the government “has executed more than 100 people in the first four months of 2019”. In July 2019, Bahrain, following the customary royal confirmation of a death sentence, executed three men “including two men convicted of terrorism offenses”. In Iraq, the fight against terrorism continues to be the principal reason to hand down death sentences. HRW reported that “[i]n August 2019, authorities released Ministry of Justice data that showed 8022 detainees”. Furthermore, in 2018, 47 non-Iraqi foreigners, suspected of ISIS affiliation, have been transferred “to Iraq for investigation in 2018 and early 2019, including at least 11 French nationals who have been sentenced to death.” In Iran, until November 2019 at least 227 individuals were executed. Even though the number is lower in comparison with 2017, the trend of execution is still high. Under Iranian law the death penalty does not even spare minors. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1525] => Array ( [objectID] => 4283 [title] => Logistics and Partnership Manager [timestamp] => 1580688000 [date] => 03/02/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/logistics-and-partnership-manager/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recruits a logistics and partnership manager for a full time permanent position starting as soon as possible. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.Mission:1/ Project management - Management of the EIDHR project and possible future financial partnerships with member organizations;- Building strong relationship with the 7 partners of the EIDHR project for the follow-up of the project, in liaison with the Director and the Financial Manager; - Follow-up of the timetable and reminders for all supporting documents for the interim reports;- Regular updates on the progress of the project, the needs of the partners and the requirements of the donor;- Organization and participation in field monitoring missions;2/ Management of the World Coalition's membership based organisation- Call for annual subscriptions and reminders in connection with the financial director and treasurer;- Follow-up of annual membership fees and donations;- Management of the membership sub-committee for new membership applications, radiations and exemption requests;- Management of memberships before and after validation by the Steering Committee;- Support to the membership sub-committee and the Steering Committee for the network expansion;- Creation of tools to encourage new organizations to join the World Coalition.3/ Facilitation of the network of member organisations- Supporting member organisations’ requests and helping them exchange information; in collaboration with the director;- Regular updates of contact details of member organisations, excel files on the Cloud, on the Website, emailing lists…- Creation of a guide for new members;- Facilitating horizontal discussions between members ;- Dissemination of members' actions on social media and the World Coalition's website.4/ Administrative and logistics management- Management of the logistics of all activities of the World Coalition in collaboration with the Program Manager;- Negotiation with service providers and suppliers for tariffs and contracts;- Supervision of trainees for internal administrative management, follow-up of postal and electronic mail;- Internal administrative management, follow-up of emails and mails- Management of Volunteers, Pro Bono and in kind contributions (Interpreters...);- Procurement of supplies and inventory management.- Management of administrative and regulatory files for administrations and organizations;5/ Support for the general coordination of the World Coalition (Steering Committee and General Assembly)- Logistics of statutory meetings, in collaboration with the Director;- Coordinating, translating and printing statutory documents;- Ensuring the smooth running of statutory meetings, in particular to ensure technical follow-up, in webconferencing and for meetings in person;6/ Management of publications - Follow-up of various publications and reports and strengthening the links with service providers (authors, translators, external consultants, designers, printing companies, etc.), in collaboration with the Program Manager;- Organisation of printing; - Management of stocks and printed materials;- Organisation of all mailings, including the World Day mailing.Qualifications :- A university degree, Bachelors or Master (MBA, Project management, event marketing business, logistics or any other subject linked to the job description)- Knowledge of and motivation for the associative and international solidarity sectors- Minimum 5 years of professional experience in the field of partnership, project, logistics and event management;- Excellent command of Pack Office;- Fluent in English and French; third working language would be preferable;- Autonomy, rigour, good sense of organisation, ability to prioritise and to be pro-active;- Good Listening and interpersonal skills, ability to work in a team and adaptability;- Capacity to mobilize and facilitate a network;- Availability to travel abroad.Conditions :- Salary based on qualifications and experience (gross salary: from 2,500 € per month)- Other benefits: contribution to the costs of transportation (50%) and meals (60%). Health Insurance- 35 hours per week according to French law- Long term permanent contract - Based in the Paris area (France)To apply:The application must be sent in English or French to the World Coalition by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: Logistics and Partnership Manager) before 25 February with:- A cover letter - A curriculum vitae- Contact information for two references (please include full name, function, e-mail address and telephone number)Interviews will be conducted during the week of 2 March 2020.Contract expected to start as soon as possible.The World Coalition is signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1526] => Array ( [objectID] => 4284 [title] => Philippines’ Major Setback as Abolitionist Leader in South-East Asia [timestamp] => 1579737600 [date] => 23/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/philippines-major-setback-as-abolitionist-leader-in-south-east-asia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/44e230e962ba9845350f4fedbc42a0c2_2-1-500x250.png [extrait] => As a prominent leader in the campaign against death penalty in the South East Asia region for the last decade, Philippines’ reputation is endangered with President Duterte’s determination to reintroduce death penalty in the country. The country’s legislators are now on its second attempt to pass the bills. [texte] => In 2006, the Philippines abolished the death penalty for all crimes. A year later, the country gained the reputation of a regional leader in the campaign against death penalty for being the first South-East Asian country to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. More than a decade later, this reputation is on shaky ground following President Duterte’s election in May 2016 and his determination to reintroduce the death penalty as one of his major campaign promises. The intention was made clear again, more recently, as he called for death penalty for drugs-related offenses and plunder in his State of the Nation address in July 2019. Legislator’s Second AttemptIn 2017, the Philippine House of Representatives voted to reintroduce the death penalty for serious drug-related offenses. The move was later stalled in the Senate, but the second attempt to pass the bill has resurfaced in November 2019. Since then, 19 bills to re-introduce death penalty have been filed in the 18th Philippine Congress for drug trafficking and other related offenses, plunder, and trafficking in persons. Coupled with the fact that the majority of the current Senators are president’s allies, the bills now have bigger likelihood to pass the Congress, whose session has restarted since 20 January 2019. Local ResistanceThere is, however, a strong local resistance to prevent the adoption of the bills. The Commission on Human Rights (CHR) of the Philippines and FLAG Anti-Death Penalty Task Force are such examples. In 2018, CHR came up with a national survey highlighting that only 33% or less respondents in the country demand the death penalty for crimes related to illegal drugs. The study is the first of its kind in the country and it serves as an argument against the popularity of the death penalty, as claimed by the government. More recently, the Commissioner of CHR marked the 17th World Day Against Death Penalty by recalling Philippines’ commitment to OP2 ICCPR, the impact of death penalty on children whose parents have been sentenced to death, and the need to uphold the right to life. On the same day, FLAG Task Force hold a National Congress Against Death Penalty inviting significant members of House of Representatives, Senators, and police officers among others. Both events gained significant media coverage that echoed the domestic voices against capital punishment. International ScrutinyAs a state party to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, Philippines have signed up for commitment to abolish death penalty and is prohibited from reintroducing death penalty in the future. Reinstating the death penalty would be a serious breach of international law.Among those scrutiny are the High Commissioner for Human Rights in its open letter to Philippines in 2016 and the UN Human Rights Committee which adopted General Comment No. 36 in 2018 that eliminates any legal doubt that indeed, abolitionist state parties to ICCPR are barred from reintroducing death penalty. In July 2019, the UN Human Rights Council added urgency to the resistance by adopting a Resolution on Promotion and protection of human rights in the Philippines. Now the OHCHR is to prepare a report on the human rights situation in the country, which, as the time of its writing, is calling for submissions until 31 January 2020. The likelihood that the Philippines will experience a major setback despite having committed to international human rights obligation and was known as regional leader for abolitionist movement, shows that the path after abolition is not always linear nor definite. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1527] => Array ( [objectID] => 4285 [title] => Documenting Human Rights Violations in North Korea [timestamp] => 1579132800 [date] => 16/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/documenting-human-rights-violations-in-north-korea/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e4b316b2d66b3e188817df0826c61726_2-1-500x356.jpg [extrait] => The Transitional Justice Working Group (TJWG) released a report in June 2019 entitled "Mapping the Fate of the Dead (Killings and Burials in North Korea)". [texte] => Updating an earlier report from 2017, it presents four years of research that aimed to document and map three types of death penalty-related locations in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea): locations of executions of persons sentenced to death; locations where bodies are buried or cremated by the state; official places that may contain documents or other evidence related to these events.The working group used satellite imagery in interviews with persons who have escaped from the North Korean regime. Satellite images containing basic information (city name, train station, etc.) are shown to interviewees who are then asked, starting with places close to where they lived or that they know of, to point on the map to places that correspond to the three types of places described (place of execution, burial place or place that may contain evidence). Witnesses are neither assisted nor directed by the persons conducting the interview. If they are able to point to locations, then the coordinates are recorded and compiled.To do this, the working group uses a geographic information system (GIS) to process, analyze and finally present the elements thus collected in the form of geographic data. The importance of such researchAs the authors of the report explain, this type of research is of particular importance both for investigating human rights violations and for the surviving victims of the regime, who are looking for answers.Indeed, having a clearer picture of the sites related to human rights violations in North Korea facilitates future investigative work on the crimes committed. It would allow these sites to be preserved and classified as crime scenes in order to gather as much information as possible.During the research, 92% of the participants felt that, in the case of transitional justice, it is necessary to exhume the bodies in order to identify the victims and return them to their families for a decent funeral.Finally, recognition of these crimes is fundamental to the recovery of society after a totalitarian regime. Mapping therefore adds an additional layer of understanding to the various research studies already carried out by other human rights actors, both to understand what is currently taking place in the North Korean regime and to fulfil a duty to remember the victims.TJWG’s research in a few key points The working group interviewed 610 people over 4 years. 323 sites were reported as state-sanctioned execution sites and were accompanied by geographical coordinates. Of these 323 sites, 200 are in the North Hamgyong Province. The most common crimes for which people are convicted in descending order are property crimes, violent crimes, political crimes, human trafficking, economic crimes. 318 sites were reported as sites of public execution. Of these public executions, 19 involved more than 10 persons at the same time. The most common places chosen for executions seem to be riverbanks, fields, markets, sports fields or schools. The various testimonies indicate that the size of the crowds varied, but that crowds of up to 1,000 or more people came to witness the executions. 83% of witnesses attended a public execution and 53% were forced to attend. 16% of those who testify have at least one family member who was executed by the regime.Lack of a fair trialIn addition to a lack of access to a lawyer, or to due process, many witnesses also indicated that the execution of convicted persons was often scheduled on the same day and place of the trial, thus underlining that the death sentence was decided in advance and that the trial was purely formal.Moreover, trials were often held in the absence of a judge, presided over solely by officers of the regime.The case of deaths in custody and secret executionsIn addition to public executions, 20 interviews conducted since 2018 mention deaths in custody, which may involve several people at the same time.The report states that three deaths that occurred a few days after a person's release, but were the direct result of the detention conditions. Finally, reference is also made to secret executions, particularly in cases where the person sentenced to death is accused of committing a crime such as murder or embezzlement.Gathering evidence: the question of official places containing documents relating to human rights violationsThe research conducted by the working group also aims to map locations that may contain death penalty-related material in North Korea. The North Korean regime is indeed known to carry out a systematic classification of the population. It uses a system called "songbun", a discriminatory system of surveillance and classification of citizens into several groups: "nucleus", "complex", "hostile".The first 2017 report identifies places such as local police offices, intelligence offices, military units and administrative offices, which may contain data on executions and human rights violations.For more information, click here to read the full report and here to access the map data.Photo by Aswin Deth on Unsplash [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1528] => Array ( [objectID] => 4286 [title] => Website Redesign and Development [timestamp] => 1579046400 [date] => 15/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/website-redesign-and-development/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s office in Paris area, France, is currently calling for web development and makeover tenders. The objective is to award a contract to develop and maintain the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s new website, based on technical specifications. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 160 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition is striving to achieve this aim by supporting its member organisations, local, national and regional abolitionist forces; and by coordinating the international advocacy towards worlwide abolition of the death penalty.The World Coalition launches a call for tenders for a free lance web developer or web development company to meet its technical specifications for the redesign of its website.The successful free lance web developer or web development company shall have the following minimum qualifications:1. Duly established and authorized to conduct business with French-based customers;2. Proven track record developing, maintaining and search-engine optimizing PHP/MySQL websites;3. Proven track record using content syndication technologies including RSS and JSON;4. Ability to develop, maintain and search-engine optimize multilingual websites, including left-to-right languages. Tenders shall include the following information:1. Presentation of the candidate including qualifications of the developer(s) proposed to carry out the contract and examples of previous work matching the above requirements;2. The price for one hour of web development or maintenance work, inclusive of all taxes (as a non-profit, the World Coalition is liable to pay VAT in France);3. The price for one day of web development or maintenance work, inclusive of all taxes;4. An estimate of the time and cost (inclusive of all taxes) the candidate would charge for the technical specifications, with a short explanation of the way the candidate would go about each task. To apply: Proposals should be submitted by email in English or in French to web [at] worldcoalition.org by close of business on 1st March 2020. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1529] => Array ( [objectID] => 4287 [title] => Unfair trials and the death penalty for terrorism in Iraq [timestamp] => 1578873600 [date] => 13/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/unfair-trials-and-the-death-penalty-for-terrorism-in-iraq/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/940dd2689d2d8fdbf1973919c1aa72e2_2-1-500x280.png [extrait] => From January until August 2019, Iraq executed more than 100 individuals accused of being affiliated with Daesh, according to Kurdish media network Rudaw. [texte] => From January until August 2019, Iraq executed more than 100 individuals accused of being affiliated with Daesh, according to Kurdish media network Rudaw.To put it in perspective, during 2018 at least 52 individuals were executed; these new statistics would indicate that in the first 8 months of 2019 one individual was executed every other day at the hands of the State. Despite this high number of executions, Rudaw reports that there are still 8000 people sentenced to death in Iraq. CRIMES PUNISHABLE BY DEATH In Iraq, the death penalty is regulated by the national legislation and it is imposed to persons founds guilty of a variety of different crimes including murder, treason, espionage, rape, kidnapping, terrorism, war crimes and drug trafficking. However, people accused of terrorism face particular scrutiny because their cases are judged based on the Anti-Terrorism Law (No. 13) of 2005. According to articles 2 and 3 of this law, if a person is found guilty of a codified crime, either as an accomplice to the crime or a mastermind of it, the sentence is death. In many cases Iraq officials have elevated the Anti-Terrorism Law over the Criminal Procedure Code. This means that people accused of terrorist activities could see the denial of their fundamental civil rights. THE LACK OF FAIRNESS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM During a conference held in Paris on the occasion of the 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty, Belkis Wille, a researcher at Human Rights Watch, reported that, most people accused of being affiliated with terrorism in Iraq are not informed of the reasons for their arrest. Additionally, they have no access to legal representation, they cannot talk with their families and they do not have enough time to prepare their defence. Finally, they are sentenced quickly through unfair and speedy trials, based on insufficient evidence or just on one testimony. Wille continued by saying that these unfair trials are the result of a confessional system that Iraqi criminal justice is based on. The pressure is put on investigators to get a quick confession in order to bring a defendant before a court. Consequently, torture and any kind of ill treatment become acceptable means in trying to make a suspect to confess. This is a system that proves to be focused more on revenge than on transparent and fair access to justice. There is no presumption of innocence because even suspects, who have not yet been found guilty of terrorist charges, are subjected to ill treatment. This unfairness, also has dramatic consequences for lawyers because they have defended alleged terrorists. In fact, as stated by Amnesty International, in 2018, about 15 lawyers were accused to be affiliated to Daesh just because they were defending people sentenced for terrorism. The behaviour of the Iraqi criminal justice system has been repeatedly criticised by human rights defenders as it is in violation of many human rights standards. This is why organisations like Amnesty International are trying to promote the creation of international courts to try individuals suspected of being linked to ISIS. These courts would aim to protect access to justice through fair trials and promote the integrity of the right to life by outlawing the death penalty. FOREIGNERS BEING SENTENCED TO DEATH AND THE QUESTION OF REPATRIATION A significant number of people suspected to be affiliated with ISIS are foreigners and they are more likely to be sentenced to death. Wille highlighted that, even though there is little evidence when it concerns foreigners, Iraq public opinion calls for the death sentence in cases where foreigners are brought to court. Those accused of being foreign fighters are blamed by many for entering Iraq and killing their citizens. On the grounds of repatriation negotiation, Iraq has demanded countries to take back their nationals suspected of being ISIS fighters. However certain countries, like France, have refused to accept them. Repatriation is an issue that ignited debate between European governments, NGOs and lawyers, who are struggling to bring their clients back to their respective countries to be tried in national courts. On one hand, European authorities reject repatriation on claims of negative public opinion and national security, while on the other hand lawyers claim that, the best security action is to repatriate the accused in order to better survey them and to prevent any future attack on national territory. The lawyers claims were reaffirmed when, in November 2019, many terrorism suspects, detained by Kurdish forces, escaped prison after a Turkish attack on the northern region of Syria. This has become a very uncontrolled situation that brought a risk of dispersion. Lawyer Nabil Boudi said, repatriation is "the easiest way to secure our territory". Nabil Boudi, the lawyer of six French nationals sentenced to death in Iraq, including Bilal Kabaoui and Brahim Nejara, insisted that repatriation is needed to make the trial of his clients equitable and fair. During the public debate organised at the Paris Bar, on the occasion of the 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty, Nabil Boudi testified that his clients were subjected to torture during different stages and that their trial lasted about 10 minutes. Additionally, Kabaouis’ and Nejaras’ sisters participated in the conference in Paris and expressed their fears about the executions and the death of their brothers. They strongly wished for their brothers to be repatriated and if found guilty, they did not ask for impunity, they just want them to be tried in their own country.CONCLUSION It has been for many years that Amnesty International has placed Iraq on the list of the top five executioners in the world; a list that includes China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Vietnam. The death sentences in Iraq do not recognize a linear trend; sometimes the number of executions decrease, but sometimes they increase drastically, for example from 2018 to 2019. The frequency of executions was explained by the Minister of Justice Haider Al-Zamili in a meeting with the President of the Supreme Judicial Council in 2015. He stated that the application of the death penalty is a necessary deterrent given Iraq’s current situation and that it will be stopped once Iraq attains a situation of security. Contrariwise, Sarah Leah Whitson, the Executive Director of Middle East and North Africa Division affirmed “such broad prosecutions would be a grave mistake if Iraq is ever to establish some modicum of national reconciliation”. In her opinion, the solution is “to allow these ISIS members to participate in a national truth-telling mechanism that can also create a meaningful record of ISIS crimes, and to make amends through service to the Iraqi communities to which they and their families ultimately belong … Given the deeply fractured state of Iraqi society, this may also be its best chance to unite and rebuild a peaceful country”. Given the current situation in Iraq, the lack of fairness in its judicial system and the application of death penalty, human rights organisations and lawyers have urged France and other European countries to continue to be faithful to their moral principles of fair trial and human rights beyond its boundaries. The repatriation of European citizens is seen not just as a means to protect their rights, but also to fight against terrorism by obtaining information to better understand the phenomenon of radicalisation in France and Europe. Furthermore, the eventual executions could affect “the legitimacy and credibility of France on the international scene, both in the bilateral dialogue, and within international bodies in particular within the Union Europeans but also vis-à-vis third States wishing to join the EU since the abolition of the death penalty is a condition of membership of the European Union. This would create a danger precedent that could permeate any future discussion of human rights or of the treatment of French nationals prosecuted by the justice of another country, even then that the French authorities have an important role to play at this level.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1530] => Array ( [objectID] => 4288 [title] => The Inter-American system commits to see the end of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1578873600 [date] => 13/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-inter-american-system-commits-to-see-the-end-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c504e3b6c852efc1092af6c6d7f48111_2-1-500x286.jpg [extrait] => In November 2019, Ecuador hosted a series of high level meetings of the Organisation of American States (OAS), including the Third Forum of the Inter-American Human Rights System and the 174th Period of Sessions of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), during which abolition of the death penalty was on the agenda. [texte] => Promoting adherence to the American regional protocol on the abolition of the death penaltyThe IAHRS Forum focused on the 60th anniversary of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and on the 40th anniversary of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. On 7 November, the World Coalition organised a panel on the 30th anniversary of the American Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty. Of the 35 member states of the OAS, 13 have ratified the American Protocol, 8 abolitionist countries in law have not ratified it (Bolivia, Canada, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Peru and Suriname,) and 14 still retain the death penalty. Speaking for the World Coalition, President Kevin Miguel Rivera Medina explained the death penalty situation worldwide, the Americas, success stories and regional challenges. Commissioner Joel Hernández García called on the IACHR and the World Coalition to increase collaboration and highlighted the importance of engaging the 8 non-adhered abolitionist countries. Reinforcing precautionary measures to prevent executionsIn recent years, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has made several decisions on death penalty cases, including with precautionary measures to prevent executions, as in the USA. While assessing the historical impact of the inter-American human rights system and the challenges for the future, Commissioner Joel Hernández García pointed out that some precautionary measures have never been implemented. In the USA, the duality of jurisdictions (Federal and State) are real challenges for the Inter American Human Rights System. Several ideas were suggested to improve that situation: increase the work between local civil society and the Inter American System, prioritize on emblematic situations to be more effective, improve Media coverage, create guidelines on how to comply with recommendations and decisions, develop social media, have a periodic and systemic way of monitoring corrective measures at different levels: executive, judiciary, legislation.Challenging the Status-quo in the English-speaking Caribbean countriesOn 12 November 2019, at the 174th Period of Sessions of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) held in Quito, Ecuador, the Death Penalty Project, a member organisation of the World Coalition, appeared before the Commission at a thematic hearing on ‘The situation of the death penalty in the English-speaking countries of the Caribbean’. The delegation consisted of Co-Executive Director, Saul Lehrfreund, alongside Jamaican attorney Malene Alleyne and Kacey Mordecai: attorney and program officer at Robert F Kennedy Human Rights.The death penalty is currently retained by approximately one-third of the OAS Member States, and of the 14 retentionist States, 12 of them are within the English-speaking Caribbean. Yet none of these have executed in over a decade – most for much longer – and the US is the only actively executing country within the OAS. At present, the English-speaking Caribbean has a death row population of at least 69 persons – namely in Barbados (10), Grenada (1), Guyana (15), St Vincent and the Grenadines (1) and Trinidad and Tobago (42). Only four English-speaking Caribbean countries (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, and Jamaica) have ratified the American Convention. Both Barbados and Dominica have made specific reservations to the American Convention with respect to their use of capital punishment, and Trinidad and Tobago denounced the American Convention in 1998 in order to continue to impose capital punishment in line with the laws of the country. In a press release following the session, the IACHR asked those OAS member states that retain the death penalty to take proactive steps to move towards abolition: “The IACHR was particularly concerned about the information it heard regarding the death penalty in countries in the Anglophone Caribbean. While these countries have not enforced the death penalty for more than 10 years, challenges remain to abolish this form of punishment (…) The IACHR urges the States who still apply the death penalty to either abolish it or at least impose a moratorium on its application.”According to the Death Penalty Project, “In this context and given the de facto abolitionist status of all English-speaking Caribbean countries, there is a clear lack of momentum across the region towards complete abolition. This passivity is not necessarily reflective of any significant opposition to abolition, but rather demonstrates a reluctance to question the status quo. With no executions having taken place for over a decade across the region, and over two decades in many of these states, it seems clear that given the necessary impetus, meaningful steps could be taken towards the complete abolition of capital punishment in the English-Speaking Caribbean. The full hearing is available to view online at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1011&v=c9NECHBXCmA&feature=emb_title [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1531] => Array ( [objectID] => 5562 [title] => Whom the State Kills [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/whom-the-state-kills/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An unexpected feature of the modern death penalty is the fact that most persons sentenced to death are not executed [...]. Death sentences are remarkably poor predictors of who will ultimately be executed. An even more salient feature of the death penalty is the fat that race matters [...]. Rarity and race, then, stand as hallmarks of the American death penalty. But until now the interaction of these two phenomena has not been studied. This Article examines whether race is relevant for understanding the fate of the unfortunate few [...]. By combining Baldus's sentencing data whith original execution data, we demonstrate that the overall execution is susbsentially greater for defendants convicted of killing a white victim than for those convicted of killing a Black victim. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://harvardcrcl.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/07.30.2020-Phillips-Marceau-For-Website.pdf ) [1532] => Array ( [objectID] => 5593 [title] => In May 2020, While the World May Be Under a Lockdown, the Death Penalty is Not! [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-may-2020-while-the-world-may-be-under-a-lockdown-the-death-penalty-is-not/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Statement from the World Coalition calling for a worldwide moratorium on the death penalty during the COVID-19 pandemics. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-WCADP-StatementCOVID19-deathpenalty_v1.0-1.pdf ) [1533] => Array ( [objectID] => 5602 [title] => Death Row Stories [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-stories/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This docu-series investigate the fallibility of the death penalty in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://edition.cnn.com/shows/death-row-stories ) [1534] => Array ( [objectID] => 5603 [title] => The Innocence Files [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-innocence-files/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This mini-series sheds light on 8 true stories of wrongful convictions overturned thanks to the work of the Innocence Project and several organizations from the Innocence Network. One of its episode feature the case of Texas death-row exoneree Alfred Dewayne Brown. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.netflix.com/title/80214563 ) [1535] => Array ( [objectID] => 5605 [title] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (English) [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-18th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-english/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster- 18th World Day Against the Death Penalty (English) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2020_Poster_BD_EN-1.pdf ) [1536] => Array ( [objectID] => 5612 [title] => Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts: Are Courts Keeping “Junk Science” Out of the Courtroom? [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/psychological-assessments-in-legal-contexts-are-courts-keeping-junk-science-out-of-the-courtroom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article reports the results of a two-part investigation of psychological assessments proposed as expert evidence in legal context. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1529100619888860 ) [1537] => Array ( [objectID] => 5613 [title] => My Life As a Death Row Executioner [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/my-life-as-a-death-row-executioner/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Published on Real Stories YouTube channel, this documentary casts a penetrating look at the consequences of the death penalty through three powerful stories - the rare perspective of a former state executioner who comes within days of executing an innocent person; a Boston Marathon bombing victim who struggles to decide what justice really means; and the parents of a murder victim who choose to fight for the life of their daughter’s killer. As the battle to overturn capital punishment comes to a head in the U.S., this provocative film challenges viewers to question their deepest beliefs about justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JS5avm0g-4 ) [1538] => Array ( [objectID] => 5616 [title] => Sentenced to death without execution: Why capital punishment has not yet been abolished in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sentenced-to-death-without-execution-why-capital-punishment-has-not-yet-been-abolished-in-the-eastern-caribbean-and-barbados/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report Sentenced to Death Without Execution, Why capital punishment has not yet been abolished in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados, was published on 7 April 2020. It presents the views of opinion formers and was written by Roger Hood and Florence Seemungal with the assistance of Amaya Athill.Six independent nations in the Eastern Caribbean – Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, and St Vincent and the Grenadines, all members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) – and Barbados, retain the death penalty for murder. Most of these countries have not executed anyone sentenced to death for at least ten years with the vast majority not carrying out an execution for more than twenty years.This independent empirical study, which presents the views of 100 ‘opinion formers’, drawn from the seven jurisdictions, aims to shed light on why these countries hang on to capital punishment and what are the barriers to the complete abolition of the death penalty in these nations. The respondents were asked about their knowledge of the use of capital punishment in their respective countries and the extent to which, and why, they either supported the policy of retaining the death penalty or were in favour of its abolition, as well as the factors, beliefs, and assumptions that appeared to account for their government’s unwillingness to embrace complete abolition.Key findings include:- Across these seven nations, 48 of the interviewees favoured retention of the death penalty (18 of them strongly) and 52 were in favour of its abolition (30 of them strongly) Of those who favoured retention of the death penalty, only a minority were committed to retaining it: only 10 of 48 interviewees said they would ‘strongly oppose an Act of Parliament to completely abolish the death penalty by definitely voting against it’. Respondents believed the best strategies to persuade their respective governments to embrace reform were: ‘through creating an influential civil society pressure group ‘Citizens Against the Death Penalty’; by ‘mounting a legal challenge to the constitutionality of the death penalty’; or by ‘persuading the government to establish a high-level commission to report on the subject’. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/sentenced-to-death-without-execution-why-capital-punishment-has-not-yet-been-abolished-in-the-eastern-caribbean-and-barbados/ ) [1539] => Array ( [objectID] => 5617 [title] => Annual report on the death penalty in Iran 2019 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On March 31, 2020, the 12th annual report on the death penalty in Iran 2019 was published by Iran Human Rights (IHR) and ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty). It provides an assessment and analysis of the death penalty trends in 2019 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2019, the trend compared to previous years, the legislative framework and procedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions. Lists of the female and juvenile offenders executed in 2019 are also included in the tables. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://iranhr.net/en/articles/4177/ ) [1540] => Array ( [objectID] => 5618 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2019 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International (HRI) has monitored the use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since our first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This report, our ninth on the subject, continues our work of providing regular updates on legislative, policy and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/death-penalty-2019 ) [1541] => Array ( [objectID] => 5619 [title] => There Is No Evil [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/there-is-no-evil/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There Is No Evil (Persian: شیطان وجود ندارد‎, lit. 'Satan doesn't exist') is a 2020 Iranian drama film directed by Mohammad Rasoulof. It won the Golden Bear for Best Film at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival. The film relates four stories concerning the death penalty in Iran. Rasoulof explained that the film is about "people taking responsibility" for their actions, and that each story "is based on my own experience." [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=115&v=HgyisKVoFzY&feature=emb_title ) [1542] => Array ( [objectID] => 5620 [title] => Failings of the Supreme Court, Human Sacrifice, Sentencing and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/failings-of-the-supreme-court-human-sacrifice-sentencing-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the judicial discourse on the relationship between human sacrifice and punishment in criminal law, there are glaring errors. Looking closely at the Supreme Court’s judgment in Ishwari Lal Yadav v State of Chhattisgarh, the deviation from the principle of individualised sentencing and the consequences of ignoring evidence on the complex anthropological and psychological dimensions of human sacrifice are reflected upon. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.epw.in/journal/2020/8/commentary/human-sacrifice-sentencing-and-death-penalty.html ) [1543] => Array ( [objectID] => 5621 [title] => Black Deaths Matter: The Race-of-Victim Effect and Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/black-deaths-matter-the-race-of-victim-effect-and-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The racial dimensions of the death penalty are well-documented. Many observers assume this state of affairs derives from bias—often implicit and occasionally explicit—against black defendants in particular. Research points to an even more alarming factor. The race of the victim, not the defendant, steers cases in the direction of death. Regardless of the perpetrator’s race, those who kill whites are more likely to face capital charges, receive a death sentence, and die by execution than those who murder blacks. This short Essay adds a contemporary gloss to the race-of-victim effect literature, placing it in the context of the Black Lives Matter movement and showing how it relates to the broader, systemic devaluation of African-American lives. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3527059 ) [1544] => Array ( [objectID] => 5623 [title] => The Rise, Fall, and Afterlife of the Death Penalty in the United States [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-rise-fall-and-afterlife-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This review addresses four key issues in the modern (post-1976) era of capital punishment in the United States. First, why has the United States retained the death penalty when all its peer countries (all other developed Western democracies) have abolished it? Second, how should we understand the role of race in shaping the distinctive path of capital punishment in the United States, given our country's history of race-based slavery and slavery's intractable legacy of discrimination? Third, what is the significance of the sudden and profound withering of the practice of capital punishment in the past two decades? And, finally, what would abolition of the death penalty in the United States (should it ever occur) mean for the larger criminal justice system? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-criminol-011518-024721 ) [1545] => Array ( [objectID] => 5628 [title] => Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report 2019 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The ‘Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics’ attempts to create a comprehensive year-by-year documentation of movements in the death row population in India. The publication tracks important political and legal developments in the administration of the death penalty and the criminal justice system in the year 2019. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a843a9a9f07f5ccd61685f3/t/5e25a02b5dfafe47d399d2ad/1579524149035/Project+39A+Annual-Statistics-04-PG-Web.pdf ) [1546] => Array ( [objectID] => 5962 [title] => [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/5962-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Abolishing the Death Penalty: Why India Should Say No to Capital Punishment, Gopalkrishna Gandhi asks fundamental questions about the death penalty. Is taking another life a just punishment or an act as inhuman as the crime that triggered it? Does having capital punishment in the law books deter crime? His conclusions are unequivocal: Cruel in its operation, ineffectual as deterrence, unequal in its application in an uneven society, liable like any punishment to be in error but incorrigibly so, these grievous flaws that are intrinsic to the death penalty are compounded by yet another—it leaves the need for retribution unrequited and simply makes society more bloodthirsty.Examining capital punishment around the world from the time of Socrates onwards, the author delves into how the penalty was applied in India during the times of Asoka, Sikandar Lodi, Krishnadevaraya, the Peshwas and the British Raj, and how it works today. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.in/Abolishing-Death-Penalty-Capital-Punishment/dp/9382277781 ) [1547] => Array ( [objectID] => 6465 [title] => [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/6465-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Энэхүү илтгэлийг боловсруулахдаа хэд хэдэн хэргийг тоймлон бичсэн ба тэдгээр нь цаазын ялыг хэрэгжүүлэхийн бодит аюулыг ил тодорхой харуулж байна. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/mon_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [1548] => Array ( [objectID] => 9030 [title] => Enduring Injustice. The Peristence of Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/enduring-injustice-the-peristence-of-racial-discrimination-in-the-u-s-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => This report seeks to provide an updated overview of the subject with particular attention to putting the American experience of race and the death penalty in context—both historical context and in relation to broader social movements. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://files.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/reports/r/Enduring-Injustice-Race-and-the-Death-Penalty-2020.pdf ) [1549] => Array ( [objectID] => 9068 [title] => Death sentences and executions 2019 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-2019c/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Amnesty International's 2020 global report on death sentences and executions in 2019. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5018472020ENGLISH.PDF ) [1550] => Array ( [objectID] => 9297 [title] => Joint letter with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to abolish the death penalty [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/joint-letter-with-the-inter-american-commission-on-human-rights-on-the-occasion-of-the-30th-anniversary-of-the-protocol-to-the-american-convention-on-human-rights-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => Joint letter with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to abolish the death penalty. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report [1] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ENLetterIACHR.pdf ) [1551] => Array ( [objectID] => 9298 [title] => Human Rights Activists in Iran Annual Report on Executions in Iran 2019-2020 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-activists-in-iran-annual-report-on-executions-in-iran-2019-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => On World Day Against the Death Penalty, the Center of Statistics of Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRAI) has published its annual report, in efforts to raise public awareness about the situation of the death penalty in Iran [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.en-hrana.org/world-day-against-the-death-penalty-annual-report-on-execution-in-iran-2019-2020 ) [1552] => Array ( [objectID] => 9621 [title] => Respect for Minimum Standards? Report on the Death Penalty in China [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/respect-for-minimum-standards-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => This report attempts to assess the use of the death penalty in China against the Safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, as approved by the UNGeneral Assembly, which establish minimum standards where states still choose to use capital punishment. The report is an updated and expanded version of an interim publication produced by The Rights Practice for the World Congress Against the Death Penalty in 2019. [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.rights-practice.org/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=2a885eaf-8f27-4180-9cd0-20344ad47f50 ) [1553] => Array ( [objectID] => 10569 [title] => Death Penalty: Majority of States Continue to Support UN Call for Moratorium on Executions at Committee Vote [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-majority-of-states-continue-to-support-un-call-for-moratorium-on-executions-at-committee-vote/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda [1] => Congo [2] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [3] => Djibouti [4] => Dominica [5] => Eswatini [6] => Guinea [7] => Lebanon [8] => Libya [9] => Nauru [10] => Niger [11] => Pakistan [12] => Philippines [13] => Republic of Korea [14] => Sierra Leone [15] => Solomon Islands [16] => South Sudan [17] => Tonga [18] => Uganda [19] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5033542020ENGLISH.pdf ) [1554] => Array ( [objectID] => 12331 [title] => Moratorium on the use of the death penalty. Report of the Secretary-General (2020) [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/75/309 ) [1555] => Array ( [objectID] => 12974 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2020: Year-End Report [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2020-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 2020 was abnormal in almost every way, and that was clearly the case when it came to capital punishment in the United States. The interplay of four forces shaped the U.S. death penalty landscape in 2020: the nation’s long-term trend away from capital punishment; the worst global pandemic in more than a century; nationwide protests for racial justice; and the historically aberrant conduct of the federal administration. At the end of the year, more states had abolished the death penalty or gone ten years without an execution, more counties had elected reform prosecutors who pledged never to seek the death penalty or to use it more sparingly; fewer new death sentences were imposed than in any prior year since the Supreme Court struck down U.S. death penalty laws in 1972; and despite a six-month spree of federal executions without parallel in the 20th or 21st centuries, fewer executions were carried out than in any year in nearly three decades. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://documents.deathpenaltyinfo.org/alike-kingfisher/production/reports/year-end/YearEndReport2020.pdf ) [1556] => Array ( [objectID] => 14084 [title] => I Spent A Day With Death Row Survivors [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/i-spent-a-day-with-death-row-survivors/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Anthony Padilla interviewed 4 death row survivors to shed light on sentencing innocent people to death for a crime they did not commit. Derrick Jamison, Nick Yarris, Peter Pringle and Sunny Jacobs spent between 15 and 23 years awaiting executions, before being finally released from death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F11-RK2_mxQ&feature=youtu.be ) [1557] => Array ( [objectID] => 14192 [title] => Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report 2020 [timestamp] => 1577836800 [date] => 01/01/2020 [annee] => 2020 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2020/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The ‘Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics’ attempts to create a comprehensive year-by-year documentation of movements in the death row population in India. The publication tracks important political and legal developments in the administration of the death penalty and the criminal justice system in the year 2020. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a843a9a9f07f5ccd61685f3/t/60075f28f8b2cd7343a3f921/1611095850145/Annual+Statistics+Report+2020.pdf ) [1558] => Array ( [objectID] => 4289 [title] => DPIC Report on the 2019 Death Penalty Usage in the US [timestamp] => 1576800000 [date] => 20/12/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/dpic-report-on-the-2019-death-penalty-usage-in-the-us/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/061d40daefae222c74f4a78bd4566b1d_2-1-500x307.jpg [extrait] => A year-end report by the Death Penalty Information Center highlights the continuing trend towards abolition with New Hampshire’s latest abolition, California’s moratorium, and the near-record low numbers of executions. [texte] => A year-end report published on 17 December 2019 by the Death Penalty Information Center highlights the death penalty usage in the US, public opinion, federal death penalty, and problematic executions.While the trend towards abolition continued in 2019, marked by California imposing a moratorium, New Hampshire abolishing death penalty, and other states further limiting the circumstances to impose death penalty, the report equally highlights the persisting problems of death penalty in the US.Progress Towards AbolitionAs recorded and projected by DCIP, the use of death penalty remained near historic lows this year with a total of 22 executions, between 35 and 37 new death sentences, and 2,656 people on death row throughout the country. Of these, more than one third (34.1%) of all people on death row in the USA have their executions on halt under a governor-moratorium. California is the latest state to do so on 13 March 2019, following the Governor Gavin Newsom’s announcement that racial discrimination, lack of deterrence value, and the high cost of capital punishment are signs of the “failure” of death penalty. This significant move has put California with the biggest death row population (729 as of 2019) on a similar boat as Colorado, Oregon, and Pennsylvania.Another remarkable news comes from New Hampshire, which becomes the 21st state to abolish the death penalty on 30 May 2019. Rep. Renny Cushing, a sponsor of the bill, quoted the importance of voices of murder victims’ family members, law enforcement, and the people that echo the objection towards death penalty.Federal Death Penalty and Judicial ErrorDespite the significant progress towards abolition that that DCIP has reported in 2019, the abolitionist movement in the US still has a lot to work on. On 25 July 2019, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) announced its intention to reintroduce federal death penalty after a 16-year hiatus. This sudden move has raised serious questions on the rulemaking procedures to adopt the execution protocol and has been followed by a federal lawsuit. On 20 November, executions scheduled for December 2019 and January 2020 were halted by a Federal Court, and on 6 December, the United States Supreme Court denied an application by the U.S. Department of Justice to lift the federal court injunction blocking the federal government from carrying out executions.On state level, “this year’s executions did not represent the worst of the worst crimes and offenders, but the most vulnerable defendants and those whose trials and appeals were the least reliable,” DPIC wrote. 19 out of the total 22 prisoners executed this year had either one or more of the following: serious mental illness, chronic childhood trauma, or brain injury/intellectual disabilities. As is the case with issues of innocence that stood out in 2019, with four men exonerated after having spent more than 40 years in prison such as Clifford Williams, Jr. and Charles Ray Finch. Additionally, executions of those with strong likelihood of innocence, such as Domineque Ray, further demonstrates the concern. This highlights the fact that judicial error continues to happen and death penalty as irrecoverable punishment faces the risk of executing an innocent person.Read the full report here. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1559] => Array ( [objectID] => 4290 [title] => Children and the death penalty in Sub-Saharan Africa: NGO Forum and the 65th ACHPR Session [timestamp] => 1575849600 [date] => 09/12/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/children-and-the-death-penalty-in-sub-saharan-africa-ngo-forum-and-the-65th-achpr-session/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9a9f38bd6d45f4e602a588fdb28a78d9_2-1-500x375.jpeg [extrait] => The NGO Forum and the subsequent 65th ACHPR Session (African Commission on Human and People’s Rights) was held in Banjul, the Gambia from 17th October to the 10 November 2019. [texte] => Addressing Children Who are Impacted by the Death PenaltyIn partnership with FIACAT, the World Coalition held a side-event at the NGO Forum on Saturday 19th October focusing on children of parents who are sentenced to death or executed in Sub-Saharan Africa, the theme of this year’s World Day. In the form of a panel, the side-event hosted speakers Connie Numbi (from Uganda’s Foundation for Human Rights Initiative- FHRI), John Nyoka (from Tanzania’s Children Education Society- CHESO), Paul Angaman (from Côte d’Ivoire, President of FIACAT), and Pacôme Akogou (Vice-President of ACAT Benin). Each speaker dove into various elements of how children experience the socio-psychological impact of the death penalty of a parent and what steps the State should take in protecting children from that impact. “[This] year’s theme and category are very important- the children we are celebrating today are rarely considered [by society with regards to capital punishment] but are condemned because of what their parents did…” said Connie Numbi about the current situation in Uganda.In line with the values set out by the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, a child’s best interest should be of primordial consideration in the context of judicial matters. The Charter further protects the rights of the child as it prohibits the “death sentence imposed on mothers [of infants and young children.]” The African Committee on the Rights and Welfare of the Child have expanded the definition of ‘mother’ in this context to also include “a father” and/ or “any caregiver”. The subject drew in participants who filled the room quickly where the side-event was being held. The event was so popular that there were not enough chairs and audience members chose to stand in the room. However, this did not stop individuals from staying and engaging with the panelists. One question from two participants from Tanzania and the Congo respectively asked how can other countries and NGOs work to support children whose parents are sentenced to death? The panelists encouraged working together as a group by reaching out to organizations that work in similar subject matter: prisoner’s rights, children’s rights, etc. Coalitions have a greater and larger impact than isolated action as everyone has the same goal. John Nyoka stated that “copy[ing] from [other] institutions, which have performed better in the areas of advocating for abolition. Tanzania has learnt a lot from Uganda especially on what they are doing for the abolition of the death penalty.” The panel was an eye opener for many participants. According to some, unlike previous World Day themes, this year’s theme was targeting a specific vulnerable group who are otherwise innocent of their parent’s actions; it was untapped area and although the information is available, awareness is limited. Appreciated Advocacy Training on How to Work with the ACHPRIn a continued effort to provide resources to members, the World Coalition with FIACAT held its third edition of a training workshop for present members with the aim to teach more about how the ACHPR functions and how NGOs may interact with it. The bilingual workshop, held the day before the ACHPR’s Opening ceremony on Sunday 20 October, was led by Connie Numbi and Paul Angaman. The all-day workshop included practical exercises, group work, and role-playing. “The training was very important- I wish I had this information before!” stated John Nyoka. For the teachers of the workshop, this training was deemed as very valuable, particularly to be able to contribute during the session. As noted by both Connie Numbi, “[this type of training] is important because most NGOs [who] have an observer status [with the ACHPR] may not be utilizing it just because they do not know what to do [during the sessions].”Fourteen individuals were present for the workshop, which shows a continued trend of interested parties who find this training needed in the context of the ACHPR. The 2019 World Congress Acts LaunchedThe ACHPR’s Working Group on Death Penalty, Extra-Judicial, Summary or Arbitrary Killings and Enforced Disappearances in Africa hosted a panel on Thursday 24 October on the global situation in Africa regarding extra-judicial killings. While not necessarily focused on the abolition of the death penalty, the panel closed with remarks from Nicolas Perron from ECPM, who publicly launched the 2019 World Congress Acts, which cover the goals and outcomes of the Congress in Brussels. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1560] => Array ( [objectID] => 4291 [title] => Child rights highlighted on the 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1574640000 [date] => 25/11/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/child-rights-highlighted-on-the-17th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1ec858b9ee5184d1985d285a5abe1fef_2-1-500x282.jpg [extrait] => On 10 October 2019, we celebrated the 17th World Day against the Death Penalty with various activities aimed to raise awareness on the death penalty and children as its unseen victims. Abolitionist forces in the two continents that gather most retentionist countries, Africa and Asia, were particularly active in raising awareness on the necessity to abolish the death penalty and its impacts on children this year.Through conferences, meetings, exhibitions, art installations, prison visits, radio broadcasts, flash mobs, dances and many other kinds of events, abolitionist forces in every continent took action to raise awareness about the use of death penalty in their national jurisdiction. The death penalty not only violates the fundamental right to life, but it also impacts the rights of children when the State sentences or executes a parent and has been found to have a long-term impact on the child's best interest. [texte] => ASIA: COUNTRY REPORTS, NATIONAL CONGRESS, AND ART EXHIBITIONFollowing the Malaysian government’s announcement to abolish death penalty on the 16th World Day, Amnesty International published a new report “Fatally flawed: Why Malaysia must abolish the death penalty”. By the end of 2019, a new legislation to remove mandatory death penalty for 11 offences is expected to be tabled in the retentionist country. Similarly in Indonesia, member organizations KontraS, ADPAN, and ECPM gathered in Jakarta to launch their fact-finding mission report “Dehumanized”, which highlights the prison conditions of people sentenced to death in the country. Philippines’ civil society led by FLAG Task Force, used the opportunity to bring awareness of death penalty to senators and members of House of Representatives in their National Congress Against the Death Penalty event in Manila. This one-day event, broadcasted live and received extensive media coverage, is a reaction against the recent government’s proposed bills to reintroduce death penalty despite having ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. In Pakistan, Justice Project Pakistan hosted an immersive art experience in Lahore, exploring experiences of death penalty through 11 performances which received high coverage on social media. On the same day, Legal Awareness Watch successfully conducted a workshop targeted to police and probation officers who treat juveniles sentenced to death and the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan and FIDH published the report “Punished for Being Vulnerable, How Pakistan executes the poorest and the most marginalized in society”. AFRICA: ADVOCATING FOR MORE RATIFICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOL TO ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTYThe latest ratification of the OP2-ICCPR by Angola this month has increased the hope among citizens of the neighbour countries to make this important legal step possible also in their motherland. Other abolitionist stakeholders were particularly busy this year to resonate the message in Africa, the second continent with the most retentionist countries. In Cote d’Ivoire, the Ligue Ivoirienne des Droits de l'Homme and the ACAT Côte d'Ivoire have set up a five days meeting with diplomatic, political and administrative authorities for the ratification of the OP2-ICCPR. In Liberia, Rescue Alternatives Liberia organised, with ACAT Liberia, a training workshop on the law to abolish the death penalty in national legislation in accordance with its ratification of OP2-ICCPR. Children themselves also joined to celebrate this day in Sierra Leone. REACTIONS IN THE MEDIASocial media such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram united thousands of people from the diplomatic community to civil society with one hashtag: #nodeathpenalty. For example, Belgian embassies worldwide posed in pictures with teddy bears as a symbol of this World Day’s theme to show their support to children whose parents are sentenced to death. On WhatsApp, African abolitionist activists published thousands of messages, photos and videos informing others about their activities, showing support and a shared sense of belonging to a common movement. Journalists and bloggers joined the discussion by writing and reflecting on the meaning of 10 October. Hundreds of articles and videos in different languages were published, giving a highlight to events and public statement released on World Day. SALAM for Democracy and Human Rights (SALAM DHR), for instance, made a public statement calling the government of Bahrain to commute all death sentences. Human Rights and Democracy Media Center “SHAMS” published a press release expressing its concern on death penalty sentences and their overwhelming impact in the whole family, especially children. On Youtube, Wells of Hope Ministries uploaded a captivating poem sung by children with incarcerated parents. With their talent, they transmitted the pain that children live by having a parent in a death row and they called the community to think about the future of their children by making their justice more “just”. Once again, the World Day shows every year that people, talking different languages and coming from different backgrounds, cultures and religions, unite to fight together for the most important human value of the right to life.Photo Credit: Mano River Union Youth Parliament, Flash Mob in Sierra Leone [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1561] => Array ( [objectID] => 4292 [title] => The Rights of Children Whose Parents Are Sentenced to Death – The Case of Tunisia [timestamp] => 1572393600 [date] => 30/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-rights-of-children-whose-parents-are-sentenced-to-death-the-case-of-tunisia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c741e02d6445bf3d5fa1b08bea069906_2-1-500x220.png [extrait] => I joined Bronwyn Dudley of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and Choukri Latif of the Coalition tunissiene contre la peine de mort (a Tunisian anti-death penalty NGO), to address the committee regarding Tunisia’s failure to implement the rights of children whose parents have been sentenced to death or were executed. [texte] => As a longtime practicing attorney in the United States, I spent much of my professional career working on cases related to criminal justice, including prison conditions and the death penalty. My death penalty work brought me in contact with The Advocates for Human Rights several years ago, when I had the opportunity to write a report to the UN Human Rights Council about the death penalty in the United States. So began a volunteer relationship in which I was able to participate in The Advocates’ UN work to abolish the death penalty and many other issues. It’s thanks to that relationship that I’m now studying International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at the Geneva Academy in Switzerland, and hope to continue addressing criminal justice issues using different approaches after graduation.While pursuing my studies, I am also still a volunteer for The Advocates in Geneva. Recently, I had the opportunity to participate in a pre-session meeting with the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child regarding Tunisia’s progress in implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The pre-session meetings provide a chance for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other interested stakeholders to provide information to the Committee in a confidential setting. I joined Bronwyn Dudley of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and Choukri Latif of the Coalition tunissiene contre la peine de mort (a Tunisian anti-death penalty NGO), to address the committee regarding Tunisia’s failure to implement the rights of children whose parents have been sentenced to death or were executed. The Advocates, the Tunisian Coalition, and the World Coalition highlighted these issues in a recent report to the Committee.Children: Unseen victims of the death penaltyThis year’s World Day Against the Death Penalty, on October 10, 2019, will focus on how children around the world are affected by the death penalty, so meeting with the Committee on the Rights of the Child was a timely opportunity to apply this broader concern to a concrete situation. The World Coalition seeks to raise awareness of the severely damaging psychological trauma inflicted upon children whose parents are sentenced to death, at every stage of the process from arrest to incarceration to execution.Punishing Tunisian Children for Their Parents’ Wrongdoing Violates the ConventionAs in many retentionist countries, people sentenced to death in Tunisia typically spend many years in prison. Indeed, since Tunisia has thankfully been observing a moratorium on the death penalty since 1991, parents who are sentenced to death may spend decades in prison. As Choukri explained in his opening statement to the Committee, Tunisia is failing to protect the rights of those children to maintain meaningful relationships with their parents during their incarceration. Many of these parents are incarcerated far away from their families, and the prohibitive costs of transportation prevent children from exercising their visitation rights. Even for those who can do so, visits are limited to 30 minutes and, for younger children, direct physical contact with the parent is not permitted. Children of death-sentenced and executed parents are not provided with badly needed medical and mental health care to cope with the trauma they endure. Additionally, a new anti-terrorism law has expanded the potential application of the death penalty in Tunisia, including to children themselves, and is very unclear as to what conduct is covered.Tunisia Must Reform Its Laws and Practices to Respect Children’s RightsSeveral Committee members posed questions. The Committee's questions provided me with an opportunity to offer some specifics about the failings of Tunisia's laws, and how Tunisian authorities must address those failings to bring Tunisia into compliance with its human rights obligations. We also provided more information about the government's purported justification for the anti-terrorism law and possible alternative measuresAround the world, the death penalty in anti-terrorism laws is typically justified as a supposed deterrent to would be terrorists. But academic research reveals that there is no support for the notion that the death penalty is a deterrent to terrorism. In 2016, the UN Special Rapporteurs on summary executions, torture, and human rights while countering terrorism, respectively, specifically warned against using the death penalty in an effort to deter terrorism, stating:“there is a lack of persuasive evidence that the death penalty could contribute more than any other punishment to eradicating terrorism. The death penalty is also an ineffective deterrent because terrorists who are executed may just gain in prestige, as may their cause.”In other words, the death penalty, if it has any impact at all, may provide incentives to terrorists.Tunisia Creates Unnecessary Barriers to Children’s RightsWith regard to the need to continue reviewing and revising laws, I offered the laws affecting children of death-sentenced parents as an example showing that Tunisia’s laws are not yet compatible with the Convention and continue to be in need of reform. The Tunisian Constitution of 2014 expressly recognizes the rights of children and the government’s obligation to act in their best interests, and the law on Special Regulations for Prisons expressly provides that children are entitled to visit their detained parents. But these laws are vague and do not give Tunisian authorities direction about how to account for the recognized rights and obligations. In law and in practice, Tunisia continues to violate children’s rights through arbitrary interference (30 minute visit limitations and lack of physical contact), and failure of the government to make any provision to address the financial barriers associated with transportation to far-flung prison facilities. The latter failure constitutes a de facto denial of the right to visit, but Tunisia does nothing to take this right into account when deciding where a parent will be incarcerated. In fact, Tunisian authorities often deliberately place parents far from their families, considering such isolation to be part of the parent’s punishment. Such punishment obviously violates the rights of the child, just as expressly denying visits would.I was also able, thanks to the detailed research Bronwyn conducted before the meeting, to point the Committee to two of its own previous recommendations that supported our position that Tunisia has a positive obligation to take the child’s interests into account during criminal proceedings related to the parent.To learn more about The Advocates’ work on the Death Penalty, click here. By: Lisa Borden, a volunteer with The Advocates for Human Rights, currently based in Geneva, Switzerland.Link to the original article in English: https://theadvocatespost.org/2019/10/09/the-rights-of-children-whose-parents-are-sentenced-to-death-the-case-of-tunisia/ [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1562] => Array ( [objectID] => 25329 [title] => Malaysian – Poster Word Day 2019 [timestamp] => 1570665600 [date] => 10/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malaysian-poster-word-day-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Affiche-JM2019-MAL.pdf ) [1563] => Array ( [objectID] => 4293 [title] => Joint Statement on Malaysia [timestamp] => 1570665600 [date] => 10/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-statement-on-malaysia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a7ecf6e23bf007c9a093ed72c1300937_2-1-500x166.png [extrait] => As we mark the 17th World Day against the Death Penalty, a year after the government of Malaysia announced the revision of the country’s laws to fully abolish the death penalty on 10 October, we, member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty: • Positively note the support by Malaysia for the seventh […] [texte] => As we mark the 17th World Day against the Death Penalty, a year after the government of Malaysia announced the revision of the country’s laws to fully abolish the death penalty on 10 October, we, member organizations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty:• Positively note the support by Malaysia for the seventh United Nation General Assembly resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty adopted on 17 December 2018;• Express full support for the leadership and commitment shown by the government to abolish the mandatory death penalty for all offences in national legislation at the next session of the Malaysian Parliament.• Note the encouragement expressed on 5 October 2019 by Michelle Bachelet, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, to the government to “sustain the current moratorium on the death penalty and welcome the announcement […] that a special taskforce will be set up to examine alternative forms of punishment to the mandatory death penalty”; and that her office “stands ready to share evidence-based experience from other countries – both those who retain the death penalty and those who have abolished it.”• Welcome the publication by Amnesty International of research highlighting multiple layers of arbitrariness in the use of capital punishment. The burden of the death penalty in Malaysia has largely fallen on those convicted of drug trafficking, who disproportionately include women and foreign nationals. A significant proportion of those on death row are people from less advantaged socio-economic backgrounds and from some of Malaysia's ethnic minorities. • Join the call to commute existing death sentences during the review of the mandatory death penalty, as a critical first step towards full abolition of this ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment.• Look forward to Malaysia becoming an abolitionist country, joining the majority of UN Member States.Signatories: Amnesty InternationalCapital Punishment Justice ProjectCoalition marocaine contre la peine de mortCommunità di Sant’EgidioECPM (Ensemble contre la peine de mort)FIDH (International Federation for Human Rights)International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)Observatoire Marocain des PrisonsThe Advocates for Human Rights The Rights PracticeWorld Coalition Against the Death Penalty [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1564] => Array ( [objectID] => 4294 [title] => The Undercurrent: How we took part in the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1570406400 [date] => 07/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-undercurrent-how-we-took-part-in-the-7th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b9f6334e4a652a4012f7a22714c2d4b6_2-1-500x389.jpg [extrait] => As night fell, Xu Ziqiang and Zheng Xingze boarded a plane for Dubai together with a group of TAEDP members. Belgium was their final destination following this layover. This would be Ziqian’s and Xingze’s first time on European soil; they were preparing to take part in the World Congress Against the Death Penalty, held once every three years. [texte] => (…)In addition to taking part in the World Congress Against the Death Penalty, the TAEDP also participated in the WCADP members’ conference. The main goal, in addition to hoping to work together on specific cases, was to gain an understanding of global trends, and, even more importantly, to express support for three men unfairly convicted of capital crimes in Taiwan: Qiu Heshun, Xie Zhihong, and Wang Xinfu.There was a row of stands outside the conference room, and the TAEDP set up posters telling the stories of Qiu Heshun, Xie Zhihong, and Wang Xinfu. Xu Ziqiang and Zheng Xingxe, who only speak Chinese, were able to share their personal experience with international visitors through interpreters. They also called on everyone to sign a petition and express support efforts to help the victims.At the various conference sessions and workshops, the Anti-Death Penalty Alliance shared its experience in hosting a “Public Discussion on Alternatives to the Death Penalty” during the past year in Taiwan. The Alliance had been working on this project for several years, and it is a new initiative that had never been held in Taiwan before. By organizing public discussions and local workshops, the TAEDP was able to collect and consider people’s opinions on alternatives to the death penalty. There were participants who supported, opposed, and felt ambivalent about capital punishment, but the general consensus was that everyone was willing to get together and discuss public issues. As expected, the topics discussed during this fruitful exchange included prison reform, crime prevention, victim protection, and education, among others.Lin Xinyi, the director of TAEDP who has participated in the WCADP on multiple occasions, said that, on the one hand, sharing news of this event at the congress allowed others to see what we are doing, and, on the other, created an opportunity to hear others’ thoughts. International participants of the congress were generally very interested in our public discussion strategy.“The first time I attended the congress my English was very poor. But when you want to share something with others, you realize that linguistic barriers are not an obstacle, and you try using all kinds of words to explain things to people. Even if the grammar is off, people will still understand you,” said Lin Xinyi. What is the value of a human life?Going abroad to take part in the World Congress Against the Death Penalty can appear to be in a different universe, disconnected from the lives of ordinary people. Opponents of the anti-death penalty movement often criticize such organizations for “relying on foreign forces, which meddle in Taiwan’s domestic affairs.” Nevertheless, after participating in the movement for so many years, we have seen how it bring so many people together.When they were sentenced to death and placed behind bars, Xu Ziqiang, Zheng Xingze, Su Jianhe, Zhuang Linxun, and Liu Binglang were ordinary people like you and me. But if a country with the power to make life and death decisions relies on a flawed system, their lives become as thin as a sheet of paper, easily crumpled or torn. Today they have left the prison walls behind and resumed their previously interrupted lives, exploring life’s opportunities with courage.After returning to Taiwan, Xu Ziqiang and Zheng Xingze were asked at a gathering organized by friends to share some of their thoughts on the trip. I was listening excitedly, thinking of their past experiences, and looking forward to hearing what they had to say.I was expecting to hear tragic, tear-jerking, melancholy stories, but the two guys, just like any regular friend, gave a detailed account of their first time on a plane, of the size of the airplane seats, of the cold weather in Europe, of security being worse than in Taiwan, of many cold dishes and the inconvenient lack of hot water during meals. It is only later that I understood – this is life, it’s just life.Life means feeling emotion, human, regular emotion, and as long as you live freely, there is nothing that separates us from one another. Those sentenced to death, on the other hand, are not treated like human beings, and their lives are stolen from them.This time, while seeking help using the posters about Qiu Heshun, Xie Zhihong, and Wang Xinfu, Ziqiang’s and Xingze’s personal experience also inspired others. In addition to people wrongly accused and released from prison like Ziqiang and Xingze, victims’ families also took part in the WCADP, courageously sharing their stories, which moved and inspire us. In the past, we have accepted plenty of friendly international help. We are also willing to work hard to contribute to helping other organizations if we can.Xu Ziqiang stated, “Actually, I wasn’t sure about what was happening during the congress because I didn’t understand English…. But I could still feel that in the EU, people are willing to spend money on helping other countries do things, and that makes me feel very grateful. Because their work is not for their own benefit, since they have already abolished the death penalty. Rather, they are working for others, spending time and money to help others, you just feel very grateful. Their work benefits the whole world, and I am thankful.”At the gathering of friends, Ziqiang said that he was “grateful” several times. These words were spoken with all sincerity by someone who has come back from the darkest of places, a former prisoner on death row. Ziqiang was extremely levelheaded as he described the reasons for our support, for not giving up, for striving towards our goals and aspirations.EpilogueNot long after returning home from the congress, we received some good news from Xie Zhihong!On March 13, the Tainan Branch of the Taiwan High Court ruled that Xie Zhihong’s death sentence was to be reviewed and suspended the execution of the penalty. On March 14, after losing over 6,800 days, or 18 years, of his life in prison, Xie Zhihong was finally released! On that afternoon, we saw Zhihong, unshackled, reaching for his elderly mother’s hand. He had finally come home.This is when Xie Zhihong broke free from the poster and the times when we were separated by a barred window in a prison visiting room; instead, he was with us in the flesh and bone. Xie Zhihong is here in person. Zhihong has come to the TAEDP office to take a picture with a photo cutout of the others wrongly convicted of capital crimes. People like Xu Ziqiang, Zheng Xingze, and Xie Zhihong will continue on with their lives. Hard work and the support of many has given them real hope. We will not give up, and one day, the sufferings of those on death row will come to an end, and people will no longer be wrongly executed. The lives of Qiu Heshun, Wang Xinfu, and others whose names are not yet known to us will be able to blossom beyond the barred prison window.Photo : Christophe Meireis [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1565] => Array ( [objectID] => 4295 [title] => Armenia and Angola Commit to Irreversible Abolition [timestamp] => 1570147200 [date] => 04/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/armenia-and-angola-commit-to-irreversible-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2fa07aacd0f04891b0080d676217e7c6_2-1-500x151.jpg [extrait] => Following the United Nations Treaty Event in New York, two more states have committed to irreversible abolition of the death penalty by signing and ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (OP2-ICCPR). The Protocol was highlighted by the United Nations […] [texte] => Following the United Nations Treaty Event in New York, two more states have committed to irreversible abolition of the death penalty by signing and ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (OP2-ICCPR). The Protocol was highlighted by the United Nations Secretary General this year, as 2019 marks the 30th anniversary of its adoption by the United Nations General Assembly.An international lock on abolition of the death penaltyArmenia is an abolitionist country for all crimes and has never carried out any executions. Armenia signed the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR on 26 September.Angola abolished the death penalty in 1992 and in January 2010, the new Constitution explicitly prohibited the death penalty in article 59. Angola ratified OP2-ICCPR on 2 October 2019. It had signed it six years ago, on 24 September 2013. The Protocol will enter into force on 2 January 2020.For both countries, the signature and ratification of the UN Protocol for abolition was thus a very important symbolic act, reflecting the universal trend towards abolition of capital punishment, and a strong commitment to never reinstate the death penalty.Angola became the 88th state party to the Protocol and Armenia the only signatory. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty congratulates Angola and Armenia for these important steps taken towards universal abolition. It encourages Angola to support the adoption of the draft protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa by the African Union, and encourages Armenia to ratify OP2-ICCPR and the Protocol 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Angola [1] => Armenia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1566] => Array ( [objectID] => 4296 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2019! [timestamp] => 1569888000 [date] => 01/10/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2019/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ede0f8c15e964613e2e223b1c2847467_2-1-500x265.jpg [extrait] => Check what you can do for the 10th October. Browse the calendar of events and the interactive map to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day. [texte] => Take action now! The 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. > Organising an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on our Calendar of Events! (Please send us: event title, date, time, location, short description and a web link to the event)> Spread the word on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram: #nodeathpenalty> Click on the map to check the events near you and browse the schedule below to find out what is happening in your country: > Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organize an event, etc. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1567] => Array ( [objectID] => 4297 [title] => Singapore Executes People Sentenced to Death for Non-violent Crimes and Threatens their Lawyers [timestamp] => 1568851200 [date] => 19/09/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singapore-executes-people-sentenced-to-death-for-non-violent-crimes-and-threatens-their-lawyers/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3f7ee1e2fd42634b2c1b46d4a8520148_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => On 13 July 2019, Think Centre reported that 32 executions have occurred in Singapore since it ended its moratorium on the death penalty in 2014. At the same time, lawyers defending capital cases have reported receiving threats from the government. As of the date of writing, Singapore is among 24 world states that have not ratified the ICCPR and its protocols. [texte] => Drug trafficking offences topped the listThe overwhelming majority (84%) of the executions in Singapore is drug-related offences, presenting a significant increase of execution numbers for drug offenders since 2017. Singapore is among 35 countries that retain the death penalty for drug offences, Harm Reduction International highlighted. The recently amended Misuse of Drugs Act stipulated that the accused could avoid mandatory death penalty on two conditions; if their role is merely a courier and if they provide substantive assistance to receive Certificate of Cooperation issued solely by the Attorney-General’s Chambers. As highlighted by Think Centre, two problematic factors might significantly reduce the likelihood of getting the certificate. First, when the status of merely a courier prevents the accused to provide enough information to receive the certificate, as illustrated in the case of Bill Agbozo, a Ghanaian man executed to death in 2018. Second, when the accused have borderline intelligence levels and played only the role of a mere courier, such as the case of Nagaenthran.“The death penalty is a cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment that has no place in any society that wants to pride itself as being modern, developed and civilized,” Think Centre reiterates. Furthermore, it has never been conclusively shown that the death penalty deters crime more effectively than long term imprisonment.Shrinking civic space Of similar concern, the right to legal advice for capital cases is also under threat. In July and August this year, Lawyers for Liberty has received threats from Singapore Attorney-General, accusing two of its lawyers for “scandalous allegations against Singapore and its legal system” and “prejudicing of the administration of justice”. The lawyers, N Surendran and M Ravi, acted as a counsel for Malaysian prisoners sentenced to death for drug-related offences in the neighbor country Singapore. Both lawyers face the risk of being barred from legal practice. Similar cases have happened to a human rights advocate Jolovan Wham guilty of charges of scandalizing the court this year and a British author Alan Shadrake for launching a book about death penalty in 2010. The increasing effort to silence local and foreign human rights defenders is alarming for civic space in Singapore. A recent study shows that only 38% Singaporean respondents have some knowledge about death penalty and only 3 in 10 people who favor mandatory death penalty still maintain their support after given realistic drug trafficking scenarios. Thus, maintaining a broad civic space where people could share and obtain knowledge, advocate for abolition, and demand for more transparency is a necessary step for Singapore to join the global trend towards abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1568] => Array ( [objectID] => 4298 [title] => The World Coalition elects its new governing bodies until June 2021 [timestamp] => 1568246400 [date] => 12/09/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-world-coalition-elects-its-new-governing-bodies-until-june-2021/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a4f704b6f58687cae14910f790f310d5_2-1-500x261.jpg [extrait] => The 2019 General Assembly saw the Elections of a new Steering Committee for two years, which in turn elected a new Executive Board until June 2021. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty held its General Assembly during the World Congress Against the Death Penalty on 26 February 2019 in Brussels, Belgium. More than 50 member organizations of the World Coalition met for the General Assembly and elected the following organizations as members of the Steering Committee for a period of two years (June 2019 - June 2021):1. Advocates for Human Rights2. Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network3. Paris Bar4. Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty5. Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty6. Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico7. Communità di Sant'Egidio8. Culture for Peace and Justice9. Death Penalty Project10. ECPM11. FIACAT12. FIDH13. FHRI14. Iran Human Rights15. Journey of Hope... From Violence to Healing16. PGA17. Reprieve Australia/Capital Punishment Justice Project18. SYNAFEN Niger19. Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty20. Witness to InnocenceThe statutory meeting also saw the adoption of the 2018 activity report, the provisional budget and the 2019 orientation report as well as an amendment to the bylaws.The newly elected Steering Committee met on 28-29 June 2019 to adopt the 2018 financial report, modify the registered office (Mundo-M 47 avenue Pasteur 93100 Montreuil France) and elect a new Executive Board, which is now composed of :- Kevin Rivera Medina (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico), President- Guillaume Colin (FIACAT), Treasurer- Annemarie Pieters (Communità di Sant'Egidio), Vice-President- Amy Bergquist (Adocates for Human Rights), Vice President- Anne Souléliac (Paris Bar), Vice PresidentThe Steering Committee meeting continued with a training session on corporate responsibility and the abolition of the death penalty led by Celia Ouelette, Director of Responsible Business Initiative and Office Warming of the new offices of the World Coalition’s secretariat at Mundo M 47 avenue Pasteur 93100 Montreuil.The World Coalition welcomes the successful work of its General Assembly, World Congress and Steering Committee. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1569] => Array ( [objectID] => 4299 [title] => Small Grant for Activities in the Caribbean [timestamp] => 1567036800 [date] => 29/08/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/small-grant-for-activities-in-the-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call for action on the abolition of the death penalty in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean States launched by the Greater Caribbean for Life and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty [texte] => The Greater Caribbean For Life (GCL) and the World Coalition are part of a joint project, led by the Death Penalty Project and funded by the European Union, which aims to create a platform for death penalty reform in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, leading to eventual abolition.In the framework of this project, GCL and the World Coalition want to support a civil society movement for the abolition of the death penalty in Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent & the Grenadines.To do so, they are launching a call for actions on the issue of the death penalty and will help finance activities lasting between 3 – 12 months with small grants from EUR 1,000 to EUR 3,000 (EC Dollar: 3,175 – 9,525 or BBD: 2,350 – 7,050).How to apply? Please submit by email to ecs@worldcoalition.org your project proposal composed by:- this Application form in word - your By-laws (if you have a legal entity)- your last two activity reports Deadline for submission is 25 September 2019, midnight Barbados time (UTC-4 / Atlantic Standard Time). [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1570] => Array ( [objectID] => 4300 [title] => A Training on Advocacy for the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Sub-Saharan Africa [timestamp] => 1564358400 [date] => 29/07/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-training-on-advocacy-for-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-sub-saharan-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/90edadee1947c4d3d6d66a0c07581847_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in partnership with FIACAT, and their local members ACAT Cameroon and Droits et Paix (Rights and Peace), organized a continental training course in July on advocacy for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa in Douala, Cameroon. This training brought together abolitionists and experts from 23 African countries. [texte] => A great moment of meeting between African abolitionist actorsCameroon, and more specifically the city of Douala, welcomed for the first time from 16 to 18 July 2019 several participants from different African countries to participate in the continental training. It was an opportunity for various actors from countries that have abolished the death penalty in their legislation, those respecting a de facto moratorium on executions and even those from retentionist countries to exchange and share their experiences on the fight for the abolition of the death penalty.Kicking off the trainingThe proceedings began with a welcoming address by Mr Nestor Toko, Esq., President of Droits et Paix, followed by Mr Maxime Bissay, President of ACAT Cameroon and finally Mr Michel Kalemba, Esq., member of FIACAT's International Board.Capacity building for African civil society actorsThis training was an opportunity to consolidate the knowledge of various African civil society actors working for the abolitionist cause. To this end, several techniques and strategies were at the heart of discussions between the various participants. In particular, the emphasis was placed on improving an overall advocacy strategy, and what those main principles consist of when considering what strategy should be adopted. The training elaborated on numerous other elements including regional advocacy or more specifically on how to work with the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in the context of the abolition of the death penalty. Here participants used various tools developed that provide steps and advice on how to collaborate with the ACHPR.The fruitful exchanges between participants led to the discussion of other techniques that should be considered when advocating for abolition, including the importance of the media, an essential advocacy tool. Also discussed was the role of lobbying, where once again, the participants were able to interact with appropriate methods to use when meeting with authorities and decision makers.Finally, the participants benefited from the tools enabling them to better protect their members working in the field but also on how to promote the inclusion of women but also people with disabilities within their structures.Closing the course After two and a half days of intense work, exchanges and sharing of experiences, the time had come to close this training session. Each participant was given a certificate of participation captured by a photo to commemorate training and the gathering of civil society. Many participants gave feedback regarding their time in Douala at the training, expressing that they had "acquired and strengthened their knowledge of advocacy". It was also an opportunity for participants to formulate several recommendations and ways forward, including: • On how to focus on the transfer of skills and information sharing among members and partners; • On the need to work in collaboration with local, supportive diplomatic representations to complement the work that is done in the field;• Finally, on the recommendation that women be much more involved in advocacy missions. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1571] => Array ( [objectID] => 4301 [title] => Responsible Business Initiative on the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1563494400 [date] => 19/07/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/responsible-business-initiative-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4e24a86f4d5322d86d28f39c8a26cd28_2-1-500x331.jpg [extrait] => On the occasion of the meeting of its Steering Committee on Friday 28 June and Saturday 29 June 2019, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has invited the director of Responsible Business Initiative Against the Death Penalty, Ms. Celia Ouellette, to present the involvement of companies against the capital punishment alongside with traditional activists. [texte] => Companies Are Strong Advocates for Human RightsEconomy plays a key role in society. In the lead-up to national elections, issues on employment or economic growth occupy a prominent place in most public debates and political speeches. Companies are, without a doubt, fully part of underlying social issues, when setting the location of their head office or deciding on new investments and partnerships. Their influence may be considerable, and it gives them a unique opportunity to engage political leaders, including those from the few remaining retentionist governements. However, this also requires for them to redefine what their responsibility should be with regard to ethical choices.Companies have shared major concerns for fundamental liberties and human rights. For instance, Levi Strauss’ CEO condemned gun violence when asking customers not to carry guns in the company’s retail stores, and Disney put pressure on the State of Georgia (USA) after it engaged to amend the right to abortion. Today, commitment against the death penalty is becoming one of the main issue raised by socially responsible corporations (CSR).According to Celia Ouellette, Founder and Director of Responsible Business Initiative for Justice, they are not isolated or temporary actions, but shape a true “organic movement”. New links are to be established between States and the private sector, such as companies that are willing to champion human rights.An Actors Network for the Abolition of Capital PunishmentWhether it be through Chambers of commerce or trade relations abroad, private and public companies constitute a foremost network of local and international actors that may have something to say on the promotion of human rights.Some have long involved in the human rights area, such as Lush Cosmetics and Virgin, whose representatives were invited to the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty in February 2019 in Brussels, Belgium. By voicing their hope for criminal systems worldwide to better respect the right to life, they gave the abolitionist plateform a high-visibility position.A Workshop to Strengthen Mobilization StrategiesAfter Celia Ouellette's presentation to the World Coalition's Steering Committee, members involved into a brainstorming session during which they collectively thought about new strategies to be adopted, and new actors to be reached out. Their suggestions included syndicates for employees or employers, specialized media, foundations, entrepreneurs and/or philanthropy networks, consumers’ associations, companies working in the tourism sector (in line with the campaign led in Brunei to oppose Sultan’s decision to carry out executions for same-sex intercourses), or even in trade schools (where students are entrepreneurs of tomorrow).Such a dialogue, Celia Ouellette further explained, must involve three parties: activists, CSR-labelled companies, and States. It is nothing but part of a broad movement for a fairer global society, in compliance with Sustainable Development Goal No. 16 on the promotion of peaceful and inclusive societies and access to justice for all. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1572] => Array ( [objectID] => 4302 [title] => Joint Open Letter to the President of Sri Lanka on the Imminent Resumption of Executions [timestamp] => 1562025600 [date] => 02/07/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-open-letter-to-the-president-of-sri-lanka-on-the-imminent-resumption-of-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/94bb6e1dcb580e1d75cb0d2ffd605b91_2-1-500x250.png [extrait] => The letter, co-signed by 58 organizations, encourages the President of Sri Lanka to do everything in his power to stop executions in Sri Lanka and consign the death penalty to the history books. [texte] => Dear President, On behalf of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and 58 other co-signing organizations, I am writing out of our grave concern at the announcement that four executions are scheduled to be carried out imminently in Sri Lanka. We respectfully ask you to halt plans to resume the implementation of the death penalty in the country for the first time in more than 40 years, and establish an official moratorium on all executions as a first step towards abolition. We represent more than 150 member organizations from all regions of the world, united in the effort to end the death penalty globally. We have long held Sri Lanka as a positive example in the Asia-Pacific region of a country which, despite adverse circumstances and prolonged internal conflict, has not wavered from its positive record of not implementing the death penalty. We have cherished the cooperation that several Sri Lankan officials have extended to us, including attending and contributing to debates that we held as part of two World Congresses Against the Death Penalty. Since the reports that you have signed four execution warrants have come to light, however, the eyes of the world have turned to Sri Lanka with great apprehension. We are alarmed as the resumption of executions in Sri Lanka would set the country against the global trend away from the death penalty, as well as its track record over the past 40 years. It would also see Sri Lanka act in contravention of its obligations under international law. Executions for drug-related offences are prohibited under international human rights law, as they do not meet the threshold of the “most serious crimes” to which the use of this punishment must be restricted in countries that have not yet abolished it. State practice and decreasing figures in drug executions in recent years also suggest that the world is steady in its rejection of the implementation of death sentences for drug-related offences. There is no evidence that the death penalty has a unique deterrent effect. As recently as March 2019, the UN has reiterated in unequivocal terms that the application of the death penalty for drug-related offences does not respect the spirit of the international drug-control conventions and has the potential to become an obstacle to effective cross-border and international cooperation against drug trafficking. We look to you as the country’s highest authority to preserve Sri Lanka’s untainted record of more than four decades without any executions, as well as the country’s prominent role among the 142 countries that are abolitionist in law or practice at international forums and within our movement. We encourage you to do everything in your power to stop executions in Sri Lanka and consign the death penalty to the history books.We thank you in advance for your consideration and remain at your disposal should you want to discuss the matter further.Yours sincerely, Kevin Miguel Rivera MedinaPresident – World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyLetter co-signed by: Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran ACAT Belgique (Belgium)ACAT BeninACAT CongoACAT FranceACAT GermanyACAT ItaliaACAT Liberia ACAT LuxembourgACAT RCA (Central African Republic)ACAT SwitzerlandAdvocacy Forum – NepalAdvocats Sans Frontières (France)Amman Center for Human Rights Studies – ACHRS (Jordan)Amnesty InternationalAnti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN)Association des Femmes Tunisiennes pour la Recherche sur le Développement – AFTURD (Tunisia)Barreau de Paris – Paris Bar (France)Comitato Paul Rougeau (Italy)Covenants Watch (Taiwan)Cornell Center on the Death Penalty WorldwideCross Cultural Foundation (Thailand)CURE (USA)Death Penalty Focus (USA)DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights ECPM (Together Against the Death Penalty - France)Fédération des Femmes pour le Développement Intégral au Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo)FIACAT – International Federation of ACATs (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture)FIDU - Federazione Italiana Diritti Umani (Italy)Foundation for Human Rights Initiative – FHRI (Uganda)German Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty – GCADPHands off Cain (Italy)Harm Reduction InternationalHuman Rights Alert Manipur (India)Human Rights Commission of PakistanHuman Rights Office Kandy (Sri Lanka)Human Rights Organization of Nepal (HURON)ICJ Kenya – the Kenya Section of International Commission of JuristsIndonesian Legal Aid FoundationInternational Commission of Jurists (ICJ)International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)Japan Innocence & Death Penalty Information CenterJudicial Reform Foundation – JRF (Taiwan)Justice Project PakistanKontraS (Indonesia)Legal and Human Rights Centre (Tanzania)Lifespark - SwitzerlandLigue ivoirienne des Droits de l'Homme (Côte d'Ivoire)Maldivian Democracy Network Mouvance des Abolitionnistes du Congo Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)Odhikar (Bangladesh)Pax Christi Uvira asbl (Democratic Republic of Congo)SYNAFEN – Syndicat national des agents de la formation et de l'éducation du Niger (Niger)Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty – TAEDPTaiwan Association for Human Rights –TAHRUIA – International Association of LawyersUnion Chrétienne pour le Progrès et Défense des droits de l'homme asbl (Democratic Republic of Congo)World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)ANNEX – SINHALESE TRANSLATION OF THE LETTERගරු ජනාධිපතිතුමනි, මරණීය දණ්ඩනයට එරෙහි ලෝක සභාගය සහ අනෙකුත් සම අත්සන් යොදන සංවිධාන 52 වෙනුවෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කඩිනමින් ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමට සැලසුම් කර ඇති බවට නිවේදනය කර ඇති මරණීය දණ්ඩන හතරක් සම්බන්ධයෙන් වන අපගේ සාතිශය කණගාටුවෙන් මෙම ලිපිය ඔබ වෙත ලියමි. වසර 40කට වඩා වැඩි කාලයකට පසුව ප්‍රථම වතාවට රට තුළ මරණීය දණ්ඩනය ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම නැවත ඇරඹීම සඳහා වන සැලසුම අත්හිටුවන ලෙසත්, අහෝසි කිරීම සඳහා වන පළමු පියවරක් ලෙස නිල පමා සහන කාලයක් ස්ථාපිත කරන ලෙසත් අපි ඉතා ගෞරවයෙන් යුතුව ඉල්ලා සිටිමු.අපි සංවිධාන 150කට අධික සංවිධාන සහ සාමාජිකයන් නියෝජනය කරන අතර, එම සංවිධාන ගෝලීය වශයෙන් මරණීය දණ්ඩනය අවසන් කිරීම සඳහා වන ප්‍රයත්නයේදී සාමූහිකව ලෝකයේ සියලුම කලාප නියෝජනය කරන ඒවා වේ. දීර්ඝ කාලයක් පැවති අභ්‍යන්තර අර්බුද හේතුවෙන් හටගත් අහිතකර ප්‍රතිඵල මධ්‍යයේ වුවද, මරණීය දණ්ඩනය ක්‍රියාත්මක නොකිරීමේ සාධනීය වාර්තාවෙන් බැහැර නොවූ ආසියා-ශාන්තිකර කලාපයේ රටකට ධනාත්මක නිදසුනක් ලෙස අපි ශ්‍රී ලංකාව හඳුනා ගෙන සිටිමු. මරණීය දණ්ඩනයට එරෙහි ලෝක සම්මේලන දෙකෙහි කොටසක් ලෙස අප විසින් පවත්වන්නට යෙදුණු විවාදවලට සහභාගී වීම සහ දායක වීම ඇතුළුව, ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නිලධාරීන් ගණනාවක් අප වෙත දක්වන ලද සහයෝගය සම්බන්ධයෙන් අපි බෙහෙවින් සතුටට පත්ව සිටිමු. කෙසේවෙතත්, මරණීය දණ්ඩන හතරකට අත්සන් තබා ඇති බවට ලැබී ඇති වාර්තා හේතුවෙන්, ලෝකයේ ඇස් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව දෙසට යොමුව ඇත්තේ මහත් භීතියකිනි.ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ මරණීය දණ්ඩනය නැවත ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමත් සමඟම මරණීය දණ්ඩනයට එරෙහි ගෝලීය ප්‍රවණතාවයට විරුද්ධ රටක් බවට ශ්‍රී ලංකාව පත් වන අතරම පසුගිය වසර 40කට අධික කාලයක් මරණීය දණ්ඩනයෙන් තොර රටක් බවට වන සිය ගමන් මගෙන් බැහැර වීමක්ද සිදු වේ. එසේම ජාත්‍යන්තර නීතිය යටතේ වන සිය බැඳීම්වලට එරෙහිව කටයුතු කරන රටක් බවටද ශ්‍රී ලංකාව පත් වනු ඇත. මරණීය දණ්ඩනය තවමත් අහෝසි කර නොමැති රටවල්වල මෙම දණ්ඩනය භාවිතා කිරීම සීමා කිරීමක් දක්වා වන "ඉතාමත් දරුණු අපරාධ"වල කඩඉම නොසපුරාන බැවින්, මත්ද්‍රව්‍ය ආශ්‍රිත වැරදිවලට මරණීය දණ්ඩනය පැනවීම ජාත්‍යන්තර මානව හිමිකම් නීතිය යටතේ තහනම් කර තිබේ. මෑත වසරවල රජයේ භාවිතාව සහ අඩු වන සංඛ්‍යාලේඛනවලින්ද පිළිබිඹු වනුයේ මත්ද්‍රව්‍ය ආශ්‍රිත වැරදිවලට මරණීය දණ්ඩනය ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කිරීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් ලෝකය පැහැදිලි ස්ථාවරයක සිටින බවය. මරණීය දණ්ඩනයෙහි අද්විතීය තීරණාත්මක බලපෑමක් ඇති බවට කිසිදු සාක්ෂියක් නොමැත. 2019 මාර්තු තරම් මෑත කාලයක, එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංවිධානය ඉතා පැහැදිලිව නැවත නැවතත් ප්‍රකාශ කර ඇත්තේ මත්ද්‍රව්‍ය හා අදාළ වැරදිවලට මරණීය දණ්ඩනය ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමෙන් ජාත්‍යන්තර මත්ද්‍රව්‍ය පාලන සම්මුතිවල උනන්දුවට ගරු නොකරන බවත් මත්ද්‍රව්‍ය ප්‍රවාහනය කිරීමට එරෙහි ඵලදායී දේශාන්තර සහ ජාත්‍යන්තර සහයෝගීතාවය සම්බන්ධයෙන් බාධාවක් ඇති වීමේ හැකියාවක් ඇති විය හැකි බවත්ය. කිසිදු මරණීය දණ්ඩනයක් නොමැති දශක හතරකට අධික නිකැළැල් ශ්‍රී ලංකා වාර්තාව ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමේ ඉහළම බලාධිකාරිය ලෙසත්, ජාත්‍යන්තර සංසදවලදී සහ අපගේ ව්‍යාපාරය තුළ නීතිය හෝ භාවිතයන් තුළ අහෝසි කරන රටවල් 142 අතර රටේ ප්‍රමුඛ භූමිකාව ලෙසත් ජාත්‍යන්තර සංසදවල සහ අපගේ සංවිධානය තුළ නිත්‍යානුකූල සහ පරිචය තුළ අපි ඔබ කෙරෙහි බලාපොරොත්තු තබා සිටිමු. ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ මරණීය දණ්ඩනය නතර කිරීම සඳහා ඔබගේ බලය තුළ සෑම දෙයක්ම කිරීමට අපි ඔබ දිරිමත් කරන අතර මරණීය දණ්ඩනය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාස පොත්වලට භාර දීමටත් කටයුතු කරන මෙන් අපි ඔබගෙන් උදක්ම ඉල්ලා සිටිමු. මෙම කරුණ සැලකිල්ලට ගැනීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් අපි ඔබතුමාට බෙහෙවින් ස්තූතිවන්ත වන අතර ඔබට කිසියම් කරුණක් සම්බන්ධයෙන් වැඩිදුර සාකච්ඡා කිරීමට ඇත්නම් අපි ඕනෑම අවස්ථාවක ඊට සූදානම්ව සිටින බව කාරුණිකව දැනුම් දෙමු.මීට විශ්වාසී,Kevin Miguel Rivera Medinaමරණීය දණ්ඩනයට එරෙහි ලෝක සභාගයේ අධ්‍යක්ෂ [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1573] => Array ( [objectID] => 4303 [title] => Drug policy reform, harm reduction movement and the death penalty abolition movement have much in common [timestamp] => 1561507200 [date] => 26/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/drug-policy-reform-harm-reduction-movement-and-the-death-penalty-abolition-movement-have-much-in-common/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fa6567ed9b59fadf76e65c9bac9a6b07_2-1-500x280.jpg [extrait] => As 26 June is “Support. Don’t Punish” Global Day of Action, the World Coalition shares some insight on the 2019 Harm Reduction International Conference which took place in Porto end of April. [texte] => 26 June is an interesting date for the death penalty abolition movement: it is International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, and some countries use it to execute people for drug related offenses, such as China and maybe this year, Sri Lanka. To counter that narrative, the International Drug Policy Consortium as made 26 June a Global Day of Action: “Support. Don’t Punish”, to “reclaim and shift that day’s narrative”. But 26 June is also International Day in Support of Victims of Torture, an equally important day for human rights activists and the death penalty abolition movement.At a CrossroadsAs Naomi Burke-Shyne, Executive Director of Harm Reduction International opened the HR19 conference, she mentioned the death penalty for drug-related offenses and HRI’s latest publication on this subject: “at least 35 countries retain the death penalty for drug offences in law, although UN experts have repeated time and again that it is a clear violation of international human rights law”. Michelle Bachelet, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights concurred in her keynote speech: “I remain concerned about the continuing use of capital punishment for drug offenses in a number of States, and moves towards its re-introduction in others. (…) We strongly recommend States amend their penal codes and no longer impose the death sentence for any crimes, including for drug-related offences.”During the 2nd Plenary session on Drugs and Beyond: Upholding Human Rights, Sarah Belal, Justice Project Pakistan, presented the plight of Pakistani migrant workers sentenced to death in Saudi Arabia and the inspirational methodology of Justice Project Pakistan to free them: litigation, communication and advocacy. In February 2019, 2000 Pakistani prisoners were released from Saudi jails.In the roundtables focusing on Rogue States: The Death Penalty For Drugs, Giada Girelli, Harm Reduction International explained why it was important that the harm reduction movement cares about the death penalty. In 2018, executions for drug offences were carried out in China, Iran, Sau-di Arabia, Singapore and Vietnam. At least 7,000 people are on death row for drug offenses around the world. While there is a stark decrease in drug-related executions over the last 10 years, other events in 2018 show that for every progressive step, there is a regressive counter-narrative. In Bang-ladesh and Sri Lanka, populist rhetoric against the ‘threat’ of the ‘drugs menace’ has seen leaders push for expansion or re-implementation of the death penalty, while governments in the Philippines and United States (among others) pointed to capital punishment as an essential tool to confront drug trafficking or public health emergencies. Y.S.R. Murthy from Jindal Global University insisted on the role of NHRIs and encouraged civil society to work with them, for example in the Philippines and in Sri Lanka. Aurelie Placais, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty presented stories of women facing the death penalty for drug related offenses in Iran, Indonesia, insisting on the specific discrimination they face in criminal justice systems focusing on a punitive approach to drug. Julian McMahon, Capital Punishment Justice Project, discussed how to make change: “we need to feed the debate with facts and truth, we need interdisciplinary, cross barriers, and to work together”.Participants from Sri Lanka also took the floor and indicated that with the elections taking place at the end of 2019, the death penalty was considered as an alternative to mass incarceration. The case of the Philippines was also debated during the conference, with information that the number of extrajudicial executions had reached 30 000. Another participants informed panellists that the 1st Asia Regional Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Drug Policy will be held at the University of Hong Kong from 14 -15 October 2019, and that one of the panel will be on the death penalty.Progress made with the UNODCSince the 2015 World Day Against the Death Penalty focusing on “the death penalty doesn't stop drug crimes”, and the UNGASS on drugs in 2016, some progress have been made. The High Level Ministerial segment and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs which took place in March 2019, have generated intense debates on the death penalty in Vienna, but the UN common position is a good sign that things are changing from within.Zaved Mahmood, OHCHR, explained the irrelevance of the death penalty in the three drug conventions and quoted the UN system common position on international drug control policy through effective inter-agency cooperation: “to promote the principle of proportionality, to address prison overcrowding and overincarceration by people accused of drug crimes, to support implementation of effective criminal justice responses that ensure legal guarantees and due process safeguards pertaining to criminal justice proceedings and ensure timely access to legal aid and the right to a fair trial, and to support practical measures to prohibit arbitrary arrest and detention and torture”.Earlier this year, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has joined the International Drug Policy Consortium and attended its first members meeting as a side event of HR19. It was striking to witness the many similarities with the World Congress Against the Death Penalty and the General Assembly of the World Coalition in February. The two movements have indeed much in common and need to work more hand in hand. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1574] => Array ( [objectID] => 4304 [title] => Statement on executions in the USA [timestamp] => 1561075200 [date] => 21/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statement-on-executions-in-the-usa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As the worldwide trend towards abolition of the death penalty grows, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty notes with concerns that the USA has reached a total of 1500 executions since 1977. [texte] => As of 21 June 2019, 106 countries worldwide have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, 8 other countries have abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes and 28 countries are abolitionist in practice. Of the 56 retentionist countries, 20 countries have carried out executions in 2018. According to Amnesty International, the USA was the 7th worst executioner in the world in 2018 after China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Viet Nam, Iraq and Egypt. In December 2018, the UN General Assembly adopted the 7th resolution for a worldwide moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 121 UN member states out of 193 voting in favour, the highest number ever. Unfortunately, the USA voted against this resolution for the 7th consecutive time.Even within the USA, the trend towards abolition in stronger than ever. Over the last 10 years, 7 states have abolished the death penalty, most recently New Hampshire on 30 May 2019. Altogether, 21 states have now abolished the death penalty and among the 29 states that still allow capital punishment, 4 have a governor issued moratorium on the death penalty: California in 2019, Colorado in 2013, Oregon in 2011 and Pennsylvania in 2015.US state governors, parliaments and supreme courts have repeatedly found that the death penalty is applied discriminatorily; that many innocent people are on death row, that it is not an effective response to crime and that more and more family member of murder victims are opposed to the death penalty because they call for justice and not revenge. The death penalty is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from judicial error and innocent people are likely to be sentenced to death. It is inefficient and does not keep society safe. It has never been conclusively shown that the death penalty deters crime effectively than other punishments. It is unfair and discriminatory and is often used disproportionately against people who are poor, people with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, and members of racial and ethnic minority groups. It is inhuman, cruel, and degrading. Conditions on death row and the anguish of facing execution inflict extreme psychological suffering, and execution is a physical and mental assault. It is counterproductive. By establishing the killing of a human being as a legal solution, the death penalty promotes the idea of murder more than it fights against it. The world looks at the US for leadership in many criminal justice issues, human rights issues and in the rule of law. It is high time for the United States to join the ranks of countries that have abolished the death penalty and show leadership in ending this cruel punishment all around the world. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1575] => Array ( [objectID] => 4305 [title] => Increased use of the death penalty in Egypt since 2013 [timestamp] => 1560384000 [date] => 13/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/increased-use-of-the-death-penalty-in-egypt-since-2013/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c2b6bea10813c0eb6bcf118e2ed1ddb2_2-1-500x238.jpg [extrait] => Since the fall of the Morsi regime in 2013, the use of the death penalty has increased considerably in Egypt with a death sentence rate estimated at 2443 people between 2013 and 2018 according to Reprieve. [texte] => A report published on 27 May 2019 by the human rights NGO "Reprieve" and the Daftar Ahwal Data Research Center, after analysis of numerous official documents, legal sources, but also media reports and information from human rights defenders, reveals that the El Sissi regime imposed the death penalty on 2443 people, including 11 children under the age of 18 between 2013 and 2018. Of these, 1884 were tried in group trials in which 15 or more accused were tried simultaneously. During the same period, at least 45 of these trials resulted in the death sentence. The report also denounces that in mass trials, defendants are regularly sentenced to death on the basis of false accusations of terrorism linked to the exercise of fundamental rights such as freedom of assembly. In some cases, defendants are sentenced to death for deadly offences they have not committed. In others, people are sentenced to death on nebulous and non-lethal charges related to their "membership" in alleged terrorist organizations. The report also highlights the higher number of political trials than criminal trials tried by the courts. Since September 2018, at least 77 people have been awaiting execution, 86 % of whom have been sentenced under the El Sissi regime and at least 6 have already been executed.Finally, the report reveals that despite this increase in death sentences in Egypt, in violation of the rules of international law in this field, the European Union, several of its Member States and the United States have continued to cooperate with the El Sissi regime. All data is available through the Egypt Death Penalty Index, a database compiled by Reprieve that tracks the use of the death penalty in Egypt between 25 January 2011 and 23 September 2018. During this period, the index identified: 1,592 confirmed death sentences and 145 executions. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Egypt ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1576] => Array ( [objectID] => 4306 [title] => New Hampshire: 21st State to Abolish the Death Penalty in the USA [timestamp] => 1560297600 [date] => 12/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/new-hampshire-21st-state-to-abolish-the-death-penalty-in-the-usa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b2944c81026812e1784ba6d426814d74_2-1-500x163.jpeg [extrait] => On 30 May 2019, the NH state Senate voted to override the governor’s veto. The death penalty repeal took effect immediately. [texte] => Bill HB455 entitled “relative to the penalty for capital murder” was introduced on 3 January 2019. The New Hampshire House of Representative (vote on 7 March 2019: 279-88) and Senate (vote on 11 April 2019: 17-6) voted to abolish the death penalty, only to have Governor Sununu veto it on 3 May 2019. They voted again end of May to override the veto (House of Representative vote on 23 May: 247-123; Senate vote on 30 May: 16-8) and the bill became law. The last execution took place in 1939, but there is still one person on death row. The repeal law does not apply retroactively to Michael Addison, who killed Manchester Police Officer Michael Briggs in 2006. But death penalty abolition in other states have often led to the commutation of the remaining death sentences. Since its first use in 1734, New Hampshire has executed 24 people.A lesson in perseveranceThis repeal was made possible after two decades of hard work. Hampton Democrat Rep. Renny Cushing had sponsored repeal bills unsuccessfully for years. In 2000, Gov. Jeanne Shaheen, a Democrat, vetoed a similar bill in 2000. In 2014, Gov. Maggie Hassan, also a Democrat, said she would support the bill, but the Senate deadlocked vote 12-12 prevented the repeal of the death penalty. “Today as I watched the final vote for repeal, I was thinking back 5 years ago to when the WCADP Steering Committee assembled in New Hampshire, at a moment when we in our state were on the cusp of repeal. We were so disappointed when the final vote to repeal failed by a tie vote. Since that time we have worked diligently, inspired by being part of a global abolition movement, to secure the votes necessary to advance repeal” wrote Repr. Renny Cushing, representative of Murder Victim’s Families for Human Rights to the World Coalition. “I speak often of the visit of the World Coalition to New Hampshire. And I am glad that today former WCADP President Elizabeth Zitrin was present of this historic vote.”Opponents of capital punishment cheered from the Senate gallery when the override vote was tallied. They hugged and they cried. Photo courtesy of Elizabeth Zitrin: “Renny in the small gallery, standing as he was recognized by the senate in the chamber below.”New strategies“The vote today in New Hampshire is the result of the legislature recognizing the voices of family member of murder victims opposed to the death penalty, the voices of law enforcement opposed to the death penalty, and the witness of persons wrongfully condemned exposing the dangers of capital punishment” added Repr. Renny Cushing.The first hearing at the House of Representative Committee on Criminal Justice and Public Safety on 19 February gathered more than 90 witnesses. Many organizations worked together to make it happen, including the New Hampshire Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, the ACLU, American Friends Service Committee and others.“I am grateful to the many survivors of murder victims who bravely shared their stories with the Legislature this session, many of whom told us that the death penalty, with its requisite long legal process, only prolongs the pain and trauma of their loss,” said Democratic Senator Martha Hennessey in explaining her vote to override the veto.The bill was also successful because it was a bipartisan bill. "Ending New Hampshire's death penalty would not have been possible without significant Republican support. Increasing numbers of GOP state lawmakers believe capital punishment does not align with their conservative values of limited government, fiscal responsibility, and valuing life” said Hannah Cox from the Conservatives Concerned About the Death Penalty.A Growing TrendOver the last 10 years, 7 states in the USA have abolished the death penalty, either by the legislature voting for a bill (New Hampshire in 2019, Maryland in 2013, Connecticut in 2012, Illinois in 2011 and New Mexico in 2009) or by the state supreme court ruling for its abolition (Washington in 2018 and Delaware in 2016). In 2017, Nebraska’s legislature also abolished the death penalty, but voters subsequently reinstated it in a referendum the same year.In the USA, 21 states have now abolished the death penalty and 29 states still allow capital punishment, but in 4 of them governors have issued moratoriums on the death penalty: California in 2019, Colorado in 2013, Oregon in 2011 and Pennsylvania in 2015. “I (…) thank every member of the World Coalition for supporting the work in our state to end capital punishment” added Repr. Renny Cusing. “The vote today in New Hampshire is a victory for the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and all who work to rid the world of the death penalty.”(Source for Infographics: DPIC) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1577] => Array ( [objectID] => 4307 [title] => Follow-up to the initiative on the conditions of detention and treatment of death row prisoners [timestamp] => 1560124800 [date] => 10/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/follow-up-to-the-initiative-on-the-conditions-of-detention-and-treatment-of-death-row-prisoners/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cd1672efb2c8e15b934651bf9f685608_2-1-500x329.jpg [extrait] => PRDH, in partnership with ECPM and the University of Grenoble-Alpes, organized a side event on the conditions of detention and treatment of death row prisoners worldwide during the 7th World Congress against the Death Penalty in Brussels (27 February - 1 March 2019) which provided food for thought and some areas of work thanks to the presence of some thirty participants working in more than 10 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. The results of these discussions are shared in this article. [texte] => In October 2018, the association Planète Réfugiés-Droits de l'Homme (PRDH), a member association of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, launched an international initiative at the Paris Bar for the World Day Against the Death Penalty on October the 10 2018, which focused on the conditions of detention and treatment of death row prisoners worldwide. In this perspective, PRDH's action aims to develop, in partnership with the Legal Clinic in Freedom Law of the Université Grenoble-Alpes’ law school, a research, action and advocacy work for at better taking into account in international law the issue of the conditions of detention and treatment of death row prisoners worldwide, in order to draft and adopt additional guidelines on this issue, and, more generally, to obtain international recognition of death row prisoners as a specific legal category for persons deprived of their liberty.This research led to the publication of a first article at the end of November 2018 on the Coalition's website. Since then, PRDH, in partnership with ECPM and the University of Grenoble-Alpes, organized a side event on this theme during the 7th World Congress against the Death Penalty in Brussels (27 February - 1 March 2019) which provided food for thought and some areas of work thanks to the presence of some thirty participants from more than 10 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. The results of these discussions are shared in this article.While available statistics indicate that there are nearly 20,000 death row prisoners worldwide out of 11 million in detention, the detention standards applied to those facing, or sentenced to, death do not take into account the particular context in which they live. PRDH's analysis tends to show that the specific vulnerabilities of convicted prisoners are not sufficiently rooted in international human rights law.Defendants facing the death penalty generally suffer violations of their procedural rights and minimum judicial guarantees. In terms of detention, death row prisoners are often in dedicated areas of the prison, but detention on death row is not systematic. The percentage of women sentenced to death is generally low, but varies from one prison system to another. Some children are sentenced to death, in violation of international human rights and humanitarian law, and may be detained for several years before reaching the age of majority and executed. The shortcomings of current international law. Some emblematic examplesWhile, on the question of the rights of detainees, international and European human rights law recognizes general protection for persons deprived of their liberty (in particular the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners - 1955 Rules updated in 2015 as the Mandela Rules), nevertheless, today, there are no specific provisions in international human rights law or regional human rights law1 concerning the conditions of detention and treatment of persons sentenced to death, even though persons sentenced to death have specific vulnerabilities and special needs. However, the death penalty is a discriminating and aggravating factor detrimental to respect for the dignity of detainees and the effectiveness of minimum judicial guarantees.As a preliminary point, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) makes no mention of the requirement for transparency and the production of statistics on the number of death sentences or executions, which are regularly recommended during State reviews by UN human rights mechanisms. Moreover, while these rules recall the fundamental principle of non-discrimination, they do not mention the obligation of non-discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity2. However, several countries provide in their legal arsenal for the detention and sentencing of persons to death on this basis3.Among the topics that would deserve more attention in the Mandela rules and international law in general, a distinction should be made between:About the conditions of detention and treatment of accused persons facing the death penalty: persons awaiting trial and facing the death penalty may suffer, in many contexts, major violations of their fundamental rights that are not fully recognized by international law, such as, for example:1.The right to a fair trial:In several of the countries studied, such as Pakistan or Egypt - countries that are in the top ten countries that impose death sentences - the trial courts that impose death sentences are single-judge courts, which are not likely to guarantee the proper administration of justice. Moreover, when, in other countries, the panels of judges are collegial, decisions are taken by a majority and not by unanimity, which is the only real bulwark against arbitrariness. In some countries, such as Morocco, parliamentarians are mobilizing to ensure that this type of decision is taken unanimously.The death penalty should not be imposed collectively. Collective sentences, as in Egypt, are handed down in violation of the principle of the law of individual criminal responsibility.2.Access to quality interpreting:The question of access to interpreting is covered in different ways in legal terms depending on the stage of the criminal proceedings in which the defendant facing the death penalty or the person sentenced to death finds himself/herself. Rule 61 of the Mandela Rules fully covers the issue of interpreting in relation to access to counsel, establishing an obligation of competence and independence for the interpreter4. Rule 41, which deals with discipline and disciplinary punishment in prison, does not reverse this requirement for competent and independent interpreting. With regard to access to health care (rules 24 to 35), there is no mention of a positive obligation on the part of the prison authority to provide an interpreter in the context of exchanges between medical staff and the prisoner. In many countries, such as Mauritania, where death sentences are still handed down, there is no system of judicial expert interpreters. However, these judicial experts must meet certain requirements of competence and professional ethics (professional secrecy, moral guarantee of the integrity of their service).About the conditions of detention and treatment of prisoners sentenced to death:The conditions of detention and treatment of prisoners sentenced to death are particularly difficult on a number of daily dimensions of this particular form of deprivation of liberty. Some dimensions are insufficiently covered by international law and the Mandela Rules.1.Access to education and manual activities:This access is far from being guaranteed or offered to death row prisoners in many prison systems. For example, in Malawi, women sentenced to death can participate in gardening activities. In Burkina Faso, women prisoners, including those sentenced to death, have the opportunity to read what they want, which is not the case in most prison systems around the world. International rules do not contain any specific provisions on this subject concerning death row prisoners.2.Freedom of religion and worship:While access to the free exercise of religion and worship is guaranteed in international rules (Mandela Rules 65 and 66), prison authorities must guarantee any prisoner sentenced to death access to a chaplain without distinction as to sex, age or religious affiliation. Women sentenced to death must have access to a female chaplain if they so request. This gender dimension is absent from the Mandela Rules and the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Offenders and the Imposition of Non-custodial Measures on Women Offenders (the so-called Bangkok Rules, 2011).3.The protection of persons sentenced to death against public curiosity and respect for private life:This protection of persons facing the death penalty and of persons sentenced to death against public curiosity only concerns, under international law, certain stages of judicial proceedings and detention such as transfer5 or the question of protection against public curiosity during public executions, prohibited under international human rights law6. Legal provisions contained in the 1949 Geneva Conventions could serve as food for thought to strengthen the protection of death row prisoners against public curiosity at all stages of the proceedings.74.The question of the remains and personal belongings of death row prisoners:While rule 72 enshrines the principle of respect and dignity for the remains of a person who died in custody, it does not address the question of the charging of the financial costs associated with execution. The costs of execution must be borne entirely by the prison authority, not by the family8. The bodies of those sentenced to death should not be trafficked, as in the Chinese context9. The Mandela Rules refer to the management of prisoners' personal belongings only in the case of release (rule 67). Thus, these rules remain completely silent on the question of the fate of the personal effects of those sentenced to death, and the positive legal obligation to return them to the family or their beneficiaries.5.Public awareness and information exchange:This issue refers to the role of raising awareness of the conditions of detention of death row prisoners and soliciting a variety of actors (power control bodies such as Parliament or national human rights institutions, academic and research centers, civil society) to develop research on these aspects, in the spirit of rule 70 of the 2011 Bangkok Rules on women deprived of their liberty10. The addition of such a rule in the Mandela Rules could thus recognize the limited reliable data and public awareness of the issue of the conditions of detention and treatment of death row inmates worldwide, the impact of incarceration on their families, as well as the importance of sharing information on r [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1578] => Array ( [objectID] => 4308 [title] => Mass executions in Saudi Arabia with more than 100 people executed since January 2019 [timestamp] => 1559865600 [date] => 07/06/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mass-executions-in-saudi-arabia-with-more-than-100-people-executed-since-january-2019/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5f83210f1c6dc55c9ae1cb5b89a1dbb1_2-1.png [extrait] => The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia once again made its mark on the international scene by executing 37 people sentenced to death for terrorism in six regions of the country on Tuesday, 23 April 2019, 36 of whom were beheaded, while the last was crucified. [texte] => Massive human rights violations Saudi Arabia once again made the headline by executing 37 of its citizens, the majority of whom were Shia men convicted after mock trials that violated international standards of fairness, based on "confessions" extracted under torture. Among the latter was also a young man Abdulkareem al Hawaj, convicted of charges that took place when he was still a minor (16 years old). These facts once again demonstrate the minimal value that the Saudi authorities attach to human life and their willingness to continue to flout all the rules of international law.Further executions planned after RamadanSince the beginning of 2019, Saudi Arabia has executed at least 104 people, including at least 44 foreigners, the majority of whom have been convicted of drug-related offences. In 2018, the Kingdom had carried out a total of 149 executions according to Amnesty International. However, the number of executions is likely to increase, according to several government sources. At least 20 people currently convicted of terrorism could be executed at the end of the month of Ramadan. These include Islamic moderators Sheikh Salman al-Odah and Awad al-Qarni and journalist Ali al-Omari, all accused of terrorism. Indignation of the International Community Faced with this distressing and worrying situation, many voices rose, as did the Director of the association Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM), who had described these executions as shame and cynicism. The Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty also condemned these executions as unfair and violating the right to life. Human Rights Watch denounced the fact that "Saudi Arabia has one of the highest execution rates in the world and applies the death penalty to a wide range of offences that do not constitute the "most serious crimes", including drug-related offences. »The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in turn expressed her dismay by stating: "I strongly condemn these shocking mass executions (...) despite the concerns raised about these cases by many UN Special Rapporteurs, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child and others", said High Commissioner Michelle Bachelet. In particular, she found "abhorrent" that at least three of the victims were minors at the time of their trial. ESOHR also condemns the fact that "the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has acted blatantly against the requests and recommendations previously made by Ben Emmerson, former Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism. »The European Union in turn reacted to this mass execution, notably through the voice of one of its spokespersons who stated that "this negative trend in executions in Saudi Arabia is in stark contrast to the growing abolitionist movement throughout the world". He also added that "these mass executions raise serious doubts about the respect for the right to a fair trial, which is a fundamental international minimum standard of justice," she said, expressing concern about the "risks" of religious tensions that these executions could provoke.The World Coalition, which constantly calls on these States to put an end to the violation of the right to life, - Expresses its anger and denounces the mass executions committed by Saudi Arabia,- Calls on the international community to take action and put pressure on Saudi Arabia to stop the imposition and execution of the death penalty,- Calls on all its member organizations to increase efforts and awareness to stop its mass executions,- Expresses its solidarity with the families of the executed victims. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1579] => Array ( [objectID] => 4309 [title] => 64th ACHPR Session: Concluding in Egypt, Where Sentences & Executions are on the Rise [timestamp] => 1557792000 [date] => 14/05/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/64th-achpr-session-concluding-in-egypt-where-sentences-executions-are-on-the-rise/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cc01300b5d1264593425c860db82a4a5_2-1-500x265.jpg [extrait] => The 64th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR) is concluding in Sharm-el-Sheikh, Egypt. The ACHPR, the African Union organ steadfast in promoting and protecting human rights on the African continent, held the session from 24 April – 14 May 2019. Despite holding official human right’s discussions in a country where sentencing and executions are on the rise, the abolitionist voice was still heard. [texte] => Discussing Death Penalty Abolition in EgyptOn 25th April, the day after the opening ceremony of the 64th Ordinary Session of the ACHPR, a panel on the death penalty was held. It was organized by the ACHPR’s Working Group on the Death Penalty and Extrajudicial, Summary of Arbitrary Killings in Africa in collaboration with the World Coalition, FIACAT and FIDH. Moderated by the Chairperson of the Working Group, the Honorable Commissioner Zainabo Sylvie Kayitesi, the panelists spoke openly about the necessity of abolition and the steps some countries have taken to get there. Bafou Jeng of the Attorney General’s Chambers and Ministry of Justice of The Gambia spoke of the steps that have been taken nationally over the past year to commit to the abolitionist cause. Paul Angaman, President of FIACAT, and Cheikh Barham Aboubacar, the President of the Intra & Inter Religious Dialogue Committee in Niger, elegantly highlighted the reasons for abolition, the latter focusing on religious reasoning in Islamic texts to promote repealing capital punishment. Lastly, Arnold Tsunga, Vice President of FIDH, spoke of the use of the death penalty today on the African continent, focusing on the most active retentionist country within the union: Egypt. Indeed, while the most recent global statistics published in Amnesty International’s Global Report on the Death Penalty show a continued global trend towards abolition, Egypt remains an outlier with a confirmed 43 individuals executed in 2018 and an astonishing 717 sentenced to death. Egypt was among the three states being reviewed during this session by the ACHPR, submitting their 4th periodic report earlier this year (the other states being reviewed are Lesotho and The Gambia). Following the concluding remarks of the panelists, the Representative of Egypt quickly took the floor. He reiterated what was stated in the Egyptian report vis-à-vis the death penalty; namely that the practice remains “lawful under Egyptian penal code and Egyptian sovereignty” and applied only in the “most serious-crime scenarios”. However, this statement does not reflect the reality in which death sentences are handed down in Egypt. As noted in a shadow report co-submitted by the World Coalition and the Advocates for Human Rights to the ACHPR earlier in April, Egypt does not reserve capital punishment for the most serious offenses and has applied the punishment to offenses that did not result in death of the victim. Indeed, more and more the death penalty is applied to cases of political dissent and following trials en masse. Training the World Coalition’s Network on Advocacy with the ACHPROn the 23rd April, before the start of the session, the World Coalition in partnership with FIACAT held a training workshop for interested members focusing on how to advocate within the ACHPR body and what to expect during ordinary sessions. Still in its trial phase, the bi-lingual workshop (French and English) put in place by the World Coalition during the ACHPR’s ordinary sessions included 12 participants, many members of the World Coalition, and hailing from countries all over the African Union: Liberia, Sierra Leone, Cameroun, Morocco, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Côte d’Ivoire. Lawyers and activists alike participated in this half-day training that reviewed the role and function of the ACHPR as well as the numerous methods available to civil society to advocate for human rights causes- particularly for the abolition of capital punishment.Together, the participants role played giving oral statements on the floor of the session, learned the nuances of drafting and submitting shadow reports to the ACHPR, as well as a myriad of informal ways on how to interact with ACHPR commissioners and the secretariat. “I learned new things on human rights and the death penalty in Africa. Of course [this] training was useful and increased my advocacy skills and helped me build counter arguments for the total abolition of the death penalty” stated Komrabai Dumbuya of the Sierra Leonian NGO Many River Youth Parliament. An overall success for students and teachers alike, the World Coalition is looking forward to improving their pedagogical technique for the next ordinary session.Limited Space for Civil Society A reoccurring characteristic of the session in Sharm-el-Sheikh was the limited space created by the host country to allow civil society to operate. Egyptian authorities worked hard to place restrictions on the present including but not limited to denying certain individuals entry visas, denying access to private meeting rooms in hotels to hold side-events, and limiting any civil society gathering to the session’s venue, the International Congress Center, where a constant presence of the Egyptian government was felt. The Egyptian authorities also took over the role of issuing identification badges for entry into the venue. The World Coalition and their partners were no exception to this clamp-down. The World Coalition was denied access to numerous private hotel rooms to hold their training session. Eventually, a space was secured within the International Congress Center. As a consequence, the training which was previously scheduled for a full day was reduced to a half day. During her opening statement on behalf of the NGOs Forum, Hannah Forster, Chairperson of the NGO Steering Committee stated; “Participants at the [NGOs] Forum expressed dismay at the number of NGOs denied visas. Furthermore, some of them complained about facing prohibitive rate that curtailed their engagement of sharing side-events.” Also mentioned was a letter of protest written by the NGOs during the Forum addressed to the ACHPR to highlight the poor treatment. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1580] => Array ( [objectID] => 4310 [title] => Awareness Building Workshop with African Union Members [timestamp] => 1557792000 [date] => 14/05/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/awareness-building-workshop-with-african-union-members/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ad64a31dc4443983a418674addb2a439_2-1-500x352.jpg [extrait] => The end of March saw a first of its kind awareness-building workshop in Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia for the permanent French-speaking members to the African Union. Moderated by the ACHPR’s Working Group on the Death Penalty and Extrajudicial, Summary of Arbitrary Killings in Africa in close collaboration with FIACAT, the World Coalition and the Organisation International de la Francophonie (OIF), the training focused on raising awareness of the Draft Protocol on the Abolition of the Death Penalty. [texte] => Awareness Workshop On 28th March, Ambassadors and Permanent Representatives to the African Union from Burkina Faso, Egypt, the Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Chad, Togo, and the Comoros met at the initiative of the ACHPR’s Working Group on the Death Penalty in partnership with FIACAT, the World Coalition and the OIF. The aim was to raise awareness, identify obstacles and generate enthusiasm for the Draft Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa. The session opened with moderation by the Chairperson of the Working Group, the Honorable Commissioner Zainabo Sylvie Kayitesi. The rest of the panel who directed the workshop included Issa Abdourhamane, the OIF permanent representative to the African Union, Paul Angaman, President of FIACAT, Michel Sonomou, President of Avocats Sans Frontiers Guinea and Baye Moctor Diop the President of the Group of Francophone Ambassadors, representing Senegal to the AU and to Ethiopia. The speakers took turns calling for the abolition of the death penalty, exploring best practices within their respective nations, and reviewing the procedural steps necessary within the African Union (AU) to adopt the Draft Protocol.Then followed discussion between dignitaries. The topics raised during discussions proved to be crucial in understanding existing obstacles and challenges to death penalty abolition faced in certain countries. While many states represented are either abolitionist or under a moratorium, the Representative from Egypt did join in discussions giving reasons why Egypt was not in support of abolition. A notable obstacle that was brought up in securing a place for the Draft Protocol in the African Charter was that many representatives were simply uninformed that the protocol remains procedurally blocked at the AU Summit since 2016. “Given the interest in this room alone [in seeing the Draft Protocol be adopted], I’m not sure I understand at what level the protocol is being blocked” stated the Representative from Comoros. There are several reasons for the stalemate: retentionist powerhouses like Egypt and Botswana oppose the draft protocol, the visibility of the protocol is poor, and it has not yet been placed on the official agenda of the AU Summit. An overall success, the organizers hope to be able to lead similar workshops in the near future.The Draft Protocol to the African Charter on AbolitionThe Draft Protocol to the African Charter on Abolition of the Death Penalty is a long-term project conceived by ACHPR (African Commission on Human and People’s Rights) in July 2014 at the first Conference on the Death Penalty in Africa. Having received support by many UA State representatives, parliamentarians and National Human Rights Institutions, and NGOs across Africa it was officially adopted as a draft protocol during the 56th ACHPR Ordinary Session in 2015. Since then, it has met numerous administrative obstacles in making its way to adoption by the UA. The content of the draft protocol reinforces the commitment the UA States have made to abolishing the death penalty, and if the necessary steps haven’t yet been taken, place a moratorium on all executions until capital punishment can be legally abolished. A crucial tool in encouraging African governments to openly deal with the issue of the death penalty, the draft protocol once adopted would be optional and only apply to those states who sign it. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1581] => Array ( [objectID] => 4311 [title] => Arab League Summit: the death penalty at the heart of the alternative summit organized by civil society [timestamp] => 1557446400 [date] => 10/05/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/arab-league-summit-the-death-penalty-at-the-heart-of-the-alternative-summit-organized-by-civil-society/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d12b5ec4e47e76bf9ad8e794b64c55aa_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => On the occasion of the 30th session of the Arab League Summit, which took place in Tunis from 26 to 31 March 2019 and brought together 21 Arab delegations, a parallel counter-summit, organized by civil society, was held to address the issue of human rights in the Arab world. [texte] => Organized by the National Union of Tunisian Journalists and a dozen civil society organizations, including the Tunisian Coalition against the Death Penalty, this alternative summit provided an opportunity to debate, inform the general public and challenge the leaders of the Arab world on the defense of freedom of speech, respect for human rights and status of women. It was also an opportunity for the Tunisian coalition against the death penalty to draw up a situational analysis of the death penalty in the Arab world in general and in Egypt in particular. Indeed, the question of the recent executions in Egypt, but also the unrest in Algeria and the situation in Palestine, have occupied a prominent place in the debates. The actions carried out during this alternative summitThe alternative summit was rich in events and debates. In the run-up to the summit, recommendations concerning youth and the media were made by the Civil Society and Media Forum in the Middle East and North Africa. The day of the 28th of March was devoted to the Algerian socio-political situation (which led to the drafting of an open letter), while the issue of human rights in Egypt was the focus of the day of Saturday the 30th. In turns, several speakers were given the opportunity to alert the opinion on the general context of the human rights situation in Egypt (Mohamed Omran, human rights activist), on the high cost of defending human rights (Moataz al-Fajeri, secretary of the Euro-Mediterranean Foundation for the Support of Human Rights Defenders and regional coordinator of Front Line Defenders), on freedom of expression (Rubaqa Boualaki from Amnesty International’s regional office) and finally on the issue of the death penalty.In this regard, the Tunisian coalition against the death penalty through Chokri Latif presented a precise overview of the death penalty in the regime of Abdel Fattah al-Sissi.Recalling that Egypt has not ratified either the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment or the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, the Tunisian coalition against the death penalty has warned of the current political use of the death penalty in Egypt and the failure to respect fair procedures.Raise awareness among the general publicBroadcasted live on the second Tunisian channel (while the official summit was broadcasted at the same time on the first), the 30th of March was therefore the occasion for the Tunisian coalition against the death penalty and ECPM (Ensemble contre la peine de mort) to call on States to put an end to the practice of capital punishment and to denounce the violations currently committed in Egypt. It was also an opportunity to be able to inform the general public directly, in an official way, on a prime time channel.Demonstration on Bourguiba AvenueSunday was devoted to human rights in the Arab world in general, and despite an impressive deployment of police forces, the summit ended with a peaceful demonstration on Avenue Bourguiba.A thousand people, including representatives of political parties, NGOs, journalists and ordinary citizens, walked down Avenue Bourguiba, accompanied by the Clown Activist Brigade.A moment of struggle and solidarity in a good-natured spirit that brought this alternative summit to a close. The next actions The Tunisian coalition against the death penalty intends to continue its educational action to raise awareness by reaching out to Tunisian youth through meetings and debates organized in several cities across the country. A study is also currently being conducted on the conditions of detention in Tunisian prisons for persons sentenced to death. It will thus make it possible to draw up a socio-economic portrait of the detainees, to testify about their conditions of detention, the management of their defense, etc.This major study will be presented at the next World Day Against the Death Penalty, which will take place on 10 October 2019. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1582] => Array ( [objectID] => 4312 [title] => Death penalty 2018: Dramatic fall in global executions [timestamp] => 1554854400 [date] => 10/04/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-2018-dramatic-fall-in-global-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/40294021ada14010f65cc4aaf18e399b_2-1-500x417.jpg [extrait] => Despite a rise in executions in some countries, global executions fell by 31% in 2018. The universal fight for the abolition of the death penalty seems to be on the right way. [texte] => Global executions fell by almost one-third last year to the lowest figure in at least a decade, Amnesty International said in its 2018 global review of the death penalty published today. The statistics assess known executions worldwide except in China, where figures thought to be in their thousands remain classified as a state secret.Following a change to its anti-narcotics laws, executions in Iran – a country where the use of the death penalty is rife – fell by a staggering 50%. Iraq, Pakistan and Somalia also showed a significant reduction in the number they carried out. As a result, execution figures fell globally from at least 993 in 2017, to at least 690 in 2018.“The dramatic global fall in executions proves that even the most unlikely countries are starting to change their ways and realize the death penalty is not the answer,” said Kumi Naidoo, Amnesty International’s Secretary General.“Despite regressive steps from some, the number of executions carried out by several of the worst perpetrators has fallen significantly. This is a hopeful indication that it’s only a matter of time before this cruel punishment is consigned to history, where it belongs.”Reinstating the death penaltyHowever, it wasn’t all good news. Amnesty International found increases in executions in Belarus, Japan, Singapore, South Sudan and the USA. Thailand carried out its first execution since 2009, while Sri Lanka’s President Maithripala Sirisena declared he would resume executions after more than 40 years, posting an advert seeking executioners in February 2019.“The positive news of 2018 has been marred by a small number of states who are shamefully determined to buck the trend,” said Kumi Naidoo.“Japan, Singapore and South Sudan reported their highest levels of executions in years, and Thailand resumed executions after almost a decade; but these countries now form a dwindling minority. To all the countries that still resort to the death penalty, I challenge you to act boldly and put a stop to this abhorrent punishment now.”Noura Hussein, a young Sudanese woman, was sentenced to death in May 2018 for killing the man she was forced to marry as he tried to rape her. After global outrage, including major campaigning efforts from Amnesty International, her death sentence was over-turned, and she was instead given a five-year prison sentence and asked to pay financial compensation, customarily known as Diya or “blood money” of 337,500 Sudanese pounds (around US$8,400) to the victim’s family.Noura told Amnesty International:“I was in absolute shock when the judge told me I had been sentenced to death. I hadn’t done anything to deserve to die. I couldn’t believe the level of injustice – especially on women. I’d never imagined being executed before that moment. The first thing that came to my mind was, ‘How do people feel when they are executed? What do they do?’. My case was especially hard as at the time of sentencing, my family had disowned me. I was alone dealing with the shock.”The world’s top executionersChina remained the world’s top executioner – but the true extent of the use of the death penalty in China is unknown as this data is classified as a state secret. Amnesty International believes thousands of people are sentenced to death and executed each year.In an unprecedented move, death penalty figures were made publicly available by authorities in Viet Nam, who reported that at least 85 executions took place in 2018. This tally confirms its place within the world’s top five executing countries: China (1000s), Iran (at least 253), Saudi Arabia (149), Viet Nam (at least 85) and Iraq (at least 52).Hồ Duy Hải, convicted of theft and murder after he says he was tortured into signing a “confession”, was sentenced to death in 2008. He remains at risk of execution on death row in Viet Nam. The stress of a pending death sentence has had a hugely detrimental impact on his family.His mother, Nguyễn Thị Loan, told Amnesty International:“It has been 11 years since he was arrested and our family was torn apart. I can no longer bear this pain. Just thinking about my son suffering behind bars hurts me so much. I would like the international community to help reunite my family. You are my only hope.”Despite a significant decrease in the number of executions it carried out, Iran still accounted for more than one third of executions recorded globally.Amnesty International was also concerned about a sharp spike in the number of death sentences that were imposed in some countries over the course of the year.In Iraq, the number quadrupled from at least 65 in 2017, to at least 271 in 2018. In Egypt, the number of death sentences handed down rose by more than 75%, from at least 402 in 2017, to at least 717 in 2018. This rise can be attributed to the Egyptian authorities’ appalling track record of handing out mass death sentences after grossly unfair trials often based on “confessions” obtained under torture and flawed police investigations.Global trend towards abolitionOverall, 2018’s figures show that the death penalty is firmly in decline, and that effective steps are being taken across the world to end the use of this cruel and inhuman punishment.For example, Burkina Faso abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes in June. In February and July respectively, Gambia and Malaysia both declared an official moratorium on executions. In the US, the death penalty statute in the state of Washington was declared unconstitutional in October.During the United Nations General Assembly in December, 121 countries – an unprecedented number - voted to support a global moratorium on the death penalty. Only 35 states voted against it.“Slowly but steadily, global consensus is building towards ending the use of the death penalty. Amnesty has been campaigning to stop executions around the world for more than 40 years – but with more than 19,000 people still languishing on death row worldwide, the struggle is far from over,” said Kumi Naidoo.“From Burkina Faso to the US, concrete steps are being taken to abolish the death penalty. Now it’s up to other countries to follow suit. We all want to live in a safe society, but executions are never the solution. With the continued support of people worldwide, we can – and we will – put an end to the death penalty once and for all.”At the end of 2018, 106 countries had abolished the death penalty in law for all crimes and 142 countries had abolished the death penalty in law or practice. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1583] => Array ( [objectID] => 4313 [title] => The State of Palestine commits to abolishing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1554854400 [date] => 10/04/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-state-of-palestine-commits-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/68f1061370878b15f4bed04a11ca9d26_2-1-500x250.png [extrait] => On 18 March 2019, the State of Palestine acceded to the United Nations Treaty aiming to abolish the death penalty, becoming the 87th State Party to the OP2-PIDCP. [texte] => The State of Palestine, on the brink of abolition?In June 2018, President Mahmoud Abas had given his consent for the State of Palestine to accede to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. Palestinian members of the World Coalition, the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) and SHAMS, welcomed President M. Abas' decision at the time, stressing that the abolition of the death penalty in Palestine was "a step in the right direction". It then took nine months for the instruments of ratification to be formally deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 18 March 2019. The Protocol will enter into force on 18 June 2019 in accordance with article 8 of the Protocol.The State of Palestine was given an observer non-member State status in the United Nations by General Assembly's resolution A/RES/67/19 of 29 November 2012 and has since been able to ratify international treaties. The State of Palestine has already asserted this right in the field of human rights, by acceding to the ICCPR in April 2014 and five other treaties in May 2014. An uncertain situation of the death penalty in Palestine From the founding of the Palestinian Authority in 1993 (on the occasion of the Oslo Accords) to 2017, the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) recorded 41 executions in Palestine, but it is symptomatic of the political differences that exist in Palestine. Almost all the executions (39) have been carried out in the Gaza Strip (controlled since the 2006 legislative elections by Hamas, hostile to Fatah, President Mahmoud Abas' party). Thus, according to a strict interpretation of the law, more than two third of all executions carried out in Gaza during this period (28) are extrajudicial executions because they were not preceded by a presidential decree authorizing the executions to be carried out. Indeed, the UN only recognizes the authority of the "President of the Palestinian National Authority".The Gaza Strip and the West Bank are both under a different Criminal Code, in which the death penalty is legally provided for about 15 crimes. PCHR is actively advocating for President M. Abas to amend them.SHAMS also denounces numerous violations of the rights to a fair trial and independent justice. In December 2018, six convictions were handed down by a military court in the Gaza Strip in violation of the Constitution. Abolition of the death penalty and the political context in Gaza and West Bank The domestic policy of the State of Palestine is in a particular situation, due to tensions between Hamas (which controls the Gaza Strip, where most executions take place) and Fatah (whose authority is recognized in the West Bank). The PHCR points out that since 2015, with the failure of the Palestinian Government of National Unity in 2014, death sentences have gradually increased in Gaza, while in the West Bank, on the other hand, sentences have been fewer (the last ones are reported to date back to 2015). The fight for abolition in Palestine is therefore strongly impacted.By acceding to OP2-PIDCP, the State of Palestine has undertaken to renounce executions and to abolish the death penalty within its jurisdiction. Article 6 also provides that States may not derogate from the prohibition of executions, even in time of public emergency threatening the existence of the nation. It remains to be seen whether Hamas in Gaza will feel bound by the treaty. Civil society will therefore have a key role to play in the coming months in monitoring the entry into force of the Treaty in June 2019. Photo credits: Wikimedia [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1584] => Array ( [objectID] => 4314 [title] => Human Rights Coordinator – HRI [timestamp] => 1554768000 [date] => 09/04/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/human-rights-coordinator-hri/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International is currently seeking to recruit a full-time Human Rights Coordinator to join its Human Rights and Justice team for a period of six months. [texte] => Founded in 1996, Harm Reduction International is a leading NGO dedicated to reducing the negative health, social and legal impacts of drug use and drug policy. It promotes the rights of people who use drugs and their communities through research and advocacy to help achieve a world where drug policies and laws contribute to healthier, safer societies.Its Human Rights and Justice team monitors rights abuses committed globally in the name of drug control, and advocates to promote the human rights of people who use drugs and their communities. Since 2007, it has conducted targeted research and advocacy on the death penalty for drug offences. The successful candidate will be an integral part of the Human Rights and Justice team, supporting the delivery of research outputs and advocacy initiatives, as well as providing administrative support. Responsibilities include: Research (25%): •Monitor the use of capital punishment for drug offences around the world; •Follow and report on UN human rights processes relevant to the work of the organisation; •Carry out desk-based research – as relevant – on the death penalty, the human rights of people who use drugs, and other issues at the intersection of human rights and drug policy. Project, operations and administration (50%): •Assist in the preparation and logistical planning of meetings, seminars, workshops and other activities that the Human Rights and Justice team participate in; •Organise and coordinate travel for HRI staff, consultants and external participants; •Provide general administrative support to HRI staff as needed, including by attending meetings, tracking programme activities and deadlines, and providing support with reporting. Support to advocacy and campaigning (25%): •Draft, edit, and support the production of reports, advocacy briefings, blog posts and position statements; •Track and identify advocacy opportunities at international and regional levels.Essential Qualifications •Strong interest in human rights, drug policy, and advocacy processes; •Study and/or work experience of 2 years or more in human rights, drug policy, or related fields; •Experience with desk-based research, monitoring, and data gathering; •Strong writing and editing skills; •Experience providing planning, logistical, and administrative support; •Flexibility and ability to work independently, and to juggle multiple projects and deadlines. Desirable Qualifications •Understanding of the UN system, and working knowledge of UN agencies and processes related to human rights and drug policy;•Experience designing briefings and other materials;•Fluency in a second language; •Postgraduate degree in a relevant field, or equivalent experience. Salary: £21-23,000 per annum, equivalent, depending on experience. Location: The post will be based at the HRI office in London. HRI can only accept applications from candidates who already have the right to live and work in the UK. Application details: This is full-time contract for a period of six months, to start as soon as possible. Please send cover letter and CV to hiring@hri.global with a subject line of ‘[NAME] - Application Human Rights Coordinator.’ HRI is accepting applications on a rolling basis, with a first review date of 18 April 2019. Harm Reduction International is committed to employment equity and encourages applications from all qualified candidates, including people living with HIV and people who use drugs. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1585] => Array ( [objectID] => 4315 [title] => 7th World Congress – The rights of children of parents sentenced to death [timestamp] => 1554681600 [date] => 08/04/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-world-congress-the-rights-of-children-of-parents-sentenced-to-death/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d47fcc21d45a299602857662a03fb4ad_2-1.png [extrait] => This 10th October, the World Coalition will celebrate the 17th World Day Against the Death Penalty, which is focused on the rights of children whose parents are sentenced to death or executed. In time for the 30th anniversary of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child on 20 November, this year’s theme serves as a reminder that the death penalty constitutes a widespread violation of human rights, impacting even those unseen victims. Let’s look back at how this theme was discussed and addressed during the 7th World Congress. [texte] => On 10 October, the World Coalition will celebrate the 17th edition of the World Day against the Death Penalty, devoted to the rights of children of parents sentenced to death or executed. On November 20, we will all celebrate the 30th anniversary of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). How can the abolitionist movement address the twin issues of the right to life and the right of children? Let's look back at the reflections conducted during the World Congress against the Death Penalty. The death penalty never sentences only one individual Driven by a strong desire for revenge, the death penalty deeply affects the lives of the sentencedperson's immediate family, first and foremost their children. This was the conclusion of the workshop on death row prisoners and their families and the witness evening. Innocent and yet sentenced to carry a heavy burden based on their family lines alone the children of death row inmates see their lives turned upside down. Sabine Atlaoui whose husband, Serge Atlaoui, is currently waiting on death row in Indonesia, gave poignant testimony to the World Coalition's working group in charge of 17th World Day. Their son, born during Serge Atlaoui's detention, faces questions from his classmates in France and the propaganda broadcast in Indonesia against his father. Threatened, stigmatized and discriminated against, these children are excluded from the rest of society and their fundamental rights are violated. Hedad Bentaoui and her children fled Saudi Arabia where her husband Raef Bentoui was convicted and sentenced for committing, according to the regime, a crime of apostasy. Hedad's children in Canada have only fragmentary information about their father, whose sentence has been commuted to a prison sentence and 1000 lashes, with a 10-year ban on leaving the country. The conviction of a parent, the waiting, the retribution that can be sought following the crime, and the occasional secrecy surrounding the execution and place of burial, constitute a real torture that denies childrentheir right to health and to be protected from mental trauma. As a side effect, their right to an education is often impaired, a right which serves as a basis for many others to follow. Acting for the rights of all childrenThe Human Rights Committee or the Committee on the Rights of the Child encourage the remaining retentionist States to reduce the use of the death penalty, taking into account in particular its impact on children. In the name of the best interests of the child, which are enshrined not only in the International Convention on the Rights of the Child but also in the conclusions of various international and regional human rights institutions, major reforms are necessary. For years, the Quaker United Nations Office, a party to the World Congress, has been working to promote children's rights. Their latest report “Protection of the Rights of Children of Parents Sentenced to Death or Executed: An Expert Legal Analysis”, provides a high-level analysis of children's rights in international human rights law. And to remember that beyond infringements of their right, the death penalty compromises their well-being. Their previous report, entitled “Children of sentenced or executed parents”, explores this avenue further. In addition to maintaining calls for the universal and unconditional abolition of the death penalty, it is crucial, for example, to better train prison staff, school educators, and provide social services with the means to better care for children.10th October: Actions to develop together The World Day relays the work of various abolitionist organizations around the world to denounce the unacceptable situation of children whose parents sentenced to death or executed. While the number of retentionist countries is now only a small minority, this year as in previous years, collective mobilization is decisive. There is an urgent need to jointly explore new avenues for action at the international, national or local level. The 10th October will be a unique opportunity to bring together everyone's initiatives and demonstrate everyone's commitment to the right to life.Photo credits: Christophe Meiris [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1586] => Array ( [objectID] => 4316 [title] => Ways to Restrict the Use of the Death Penalty in Iran [timestamp] => 1554681600 [date] => 08/04/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ways-to-restrict-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d1c197abe33cfd3c3a11cc2eb523e1a8_2-1-500x293.jpg [extrait] => Iran Human Rights (IHR); March 27, 2019: A part of the 11th Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran, by IHR, deals with the ways to restrict the use of the death penalty in Iran. [texte] => READ THE FULL REPORT HERE (pdf) Read the article on the Iran Human Rights website hereIn 2018, we witnessed the most significant decrease in the number of executions in the last decade. Although the number of drug-related executions had the largest reduction, there was also a notable reduction in the number of qisas executions and public executions. It is not known whether the relative reduction in the number of qisas and public executions was a result of a political decision. But there is no doubt that the large reduction in the number of drug-related executions was a direct result of the legislative reforms made in 2017."While the number of drug-related executions has dropped significantly since 2015, the number of qisas executions has had fluctuations in both directions. In 2018, both the drug-related and qisas executions had a reduction." The experience in the past two decades has shown that the international community and the Iranian civil society are the main driving forces behind any reforms towards restricting the use of the death penalty in Iran. The few times we have witnessed policy changes either in law or practice, the authorities have unwillingly given in to the external pressure. The stop in stoning punishment and the recent amendments to the Anti-Narcotic Law are the two processes which will be discussed in the following sections. How did the practice of stoning as punishment stopped? After nearly two decades of isolation, with the election of Mohammad Khatami as the President in 1996 the relation the relations between Iran and EU entered a new era. The serious situation of human rights in Iran was an obstacle for the total normalization of EU-Iran relations. Publication of stoning footage by an opposition group[1] received much attention in the international media and was in strong contrast with the reformist image of the new Iranian government. As a condition to upgrade the economic relations the EU put certain human rights demands, including a moratorium on stoning punishment.[2] Iranian authorities informed the EU that a moratorium on stoning had been in effect from the end of 2002.[3] However, the practice of stoning continued secretly and stoning remained in the Iranian Penal code. Human rights activists launched a campaign called “Stop stoning forever” to raise awareness about the continuous practice of stoning.[4] Newly established Iranian human rights NGOs in the diaspora, such as IHR[5], contributed the awareness campaign about the stoning directed towards the European governments.[6] It was first after the massive global campaign for Sakineh Ashtiani [7] which Iran stopped the stoning punishment in practice. However, the Iranian officials do not appreciate abandoning the implementation of punishments because of the pressure of the international community. In a meeting with the heads of Police on January 15, 2019, Iran’s Chief Prosecutor, Mohammad Jafar Montazeri, said: “I am very sorry that the Islamic Republic has stopped implementing certain hodoud punishment in order to avoid condemnation by the international community”.[8]Lessons from the process of changing the Anti-Narcotics LawThe first mention of a need for a change in anti-drug legislation came on December 4, 2014, when Javad Larijani, head of the judiciary’s “High Council for Human Rights”, said in an interview with France 24, “no one is happy to see that the number of executions is high.” Javad Larijani continued: “We are crusading to change this law. If we are successful, if the law passes in Parliament, almost 80% of executions will go away. This is big news for us, regardless of Western criticism.”[9] Almost at the same time, the head of the Judiciary, Ayatollah Sadegh Larijani, addressed the need for a change in legislation in a meeting with judiciary officials.However, nine months earlier in March 2014, the same Javad Larijani had addressed the UN’s “Human Rights Council” about drug-related executions, saying: “We expect the world to be grateful for this great service to humanity”. He continued: “Unfortunately, instead of celebrating Iran, international organizations see the increased number of executions caused by Iran’s assertive confrontation with drugs as a vehicle for human rights attacks on the Islamic Republic of Iran.”[10] This last statement has been the Islamic Republic’s official position for many years. It is unlikely that the Iranian judiciary has suddenly, in less than nine months, come to recognize the fact that the death penalty does not deter drug crimes.Iran has used the death penalty for drug crimes since the very beginning of the Islamic Republic in 1979 and both the crime rate and drug abuse has been increasing in the past three decades.However, international attention on the death penalty for drug offenses is rather new. In recent years, a growing number of global institutions and agencies have expressed public concern about Iran’s use of the death penalty for drug offenses and called for an end to international cooperation with Iranian counter-narcotics efforts. European aid to the United Nations Office for Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) and Iran has been widely criticized.International NGOs which have urged UNODC to freeze counter-narcotics funding to Iran include Reprieve, Harm Reduction International, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Iran Human Rights, and Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort.[11]Moreover, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran, who was appointed in 2011, has significantly contributed to the sustainable focus on the issue of drug-related executions in Iran. Besides the annual reports where the death penalty in general and the death penalty, in particular, have been addressed, the UN Special Rapporteurs have issued several public statements calling on Iran to abolish the death penalty for drug offences which are not regarded as the “most serious” crimes by the ICCPR which Iran has ratified. Increasing criticism and awareness led to decisions by individual State donors to withdraw funding from UNODC operations in Iran. In 2013, Denmark withdrew support for such efforts, stating that “donations are leading to executions”[12]. The United Kingdom subsequently did the same, citing “the exact same concerns” as Denmark[13]. Ireland also took similar action with the then Foreign Minister explaining that “we have made it very clear to the UNODC that we could not be party to any funding in relation to where the death penalty is used so liberally and used almost exclusively for drug traffickers”[14].In October 2015, the European Parliament passed a Resolution with a 569 to 38 majority condemning Iran’s high rate of drug-related executions and calling on the European Commission and Member States “to reaffirm the categorical principle that European aid and assistance, including to UNODC counter-narcotics programs, may not facilitate law enforcement operations that lead to death sentences and the execution of those arrested”.So, international pressure on the Iranian authorities and thus the increased political costs of continuous executions of drug offenders is most likely the factor which triggered the sudden change in the Iranian authorities’ rhetoric and attitude towards the use of the death penalty. This, in turn, created a space for public debate and encouraged civil society, lawyers and MPs to drive the process of changing the legislation ahead.Iranian authorities have admitted on several occasions that the political cost of drug-related executions has become too high. In a recent meeting with the General Secretary and other high ranking officers of Iran’s Drug Control Headquarters, the head of the Iranian Parliament, Ali Larijani, said, : ”Death penalty must be the last way of combating the drug problems”, and continued, “the costs of the executions is very high, you must not underestimate the costs”.[15]It is too early to know whether the change in the Anti-Narcotics Law will lead to a reduction in the number of drug-related executions also in the future. The international community must monitor the process of commuting death sentences closely. Calling for transparency in this process is crucial.The UNODC, which has been cooperating with the Iranian authorities in fighting drugs, must be given access to the list of all death row prisoners for drug offenses and participate in monitoring and evaluating the process.The EU and countries which have been funding UNODC projects in Iran must not resume funding until clear results are achieved. Moreover, the issue of due process for drug offenders must be a top priority in future talks with the Iranian authorities.Strategies to restrict the scope of the death penalty beyond drug offenses in IranThe examples from the process of stopping the practice of stoning and the change of the Anti-Narcotic Law show that:- Sustained international pressure is essential- Creating awareness and mobilization of civil society is very importantAt the present moment, putting an end to the execution of juvenile offenders and stopping the practice of public executions seem to be the most reachable goals. Both the international community and the civil society inside Iran are sensitive to these issues. Moreover, Iran is among the very few countries in the world practicing such executions.Another important step would be to push for legal reforms which promote due process and rule of law. Many of those executed would be saved even within the current Iranian law if the standards for due process of law had been respected by the Iranian authorities. As mentioned earlier in the report, Iran is obliged to the principles of due process and fair trials both through the international conventions it has ratified and its own Constitution. Changing the qisas law might seem more challenging. Partly because the Iranian authorities consider death sentence for murder (qisas: retribution in kind) as a red line which should not be crossed. The Iranian [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1587] => Array ( [objectID] => 4317 [title] => 7th Congress – Preventing the resurgence of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1552953600 [date] => 19/03/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-congress-preventing-the-resurgence-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5cbe9a73a298ffe0ee1ec73ec28d0978_2-1-500x374.jpg [extrait] => The fragile victories of the abolitionist movement are being undermined by several states ready to resume the use of the death penalty, at the cost of abuses. [texte] => 2018 marked important victories for the right to life movement, with the abolition of the death penalty in Burkina Faso and Washington State (USA) where the state’s Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional last October. But some States, which are currently either de facto or de jure abolitionist, are blocking the path to universal abolition and are considering reinstating the death penalty in their jurisdictions. Let’s look back at the congress participants' reflections on protecting the right to life.The right to life at the heart of international human rights lawThe International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), adopted in 1966 at the initiative of the United Nations Human Rights Committee, provides the basis for international advocacy for the right to life, protected in article 6. However, in this article the death penalty is not explicitly prohibited. It was not until the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol in 1989 that the legal vacuum was partially filled, urging the signatory states to the ICCPR abolish the death penalty. However, 2018 marked a significant turning point with the adoption of General Comment No. 36, which clarifies the provisions of article 6 of the ICCPR to make the right to life a "supreme right".A political instrumentalization of the death penaltyIn Cameroon (where the death penalty is no longer carried out but continues to be handed down by judges) or in Mauritania, the fight against terrorism serves as a pretext for a more severe use of the death penalty at the cost of serious human rights violations. For example, minors are exposed to the death penalty because of their forced recruitment into certain small terrorist groups (such as the Boko Haram sect) due to a very flexible definition of the notion "terrorist" and the increased competence of judges. In the Philippines, the abolitionist movement is vacillating between victories and setbacks, with the death penalty having already been abolished twice, in 1994 and 2006. The recent presidential elections saw the death penalty once again brought to the forefront, in a pure political strategy according to Karen Gomez-Dumpit, Commissioner of the Philippine Commission on Human Rights. However, the Commission's investigation, which is available on its website, reveals that 7 out of 10 Filipino citizens would favor alternatives to the death penalty.Acting as a networkEmphasis was placed on creating a real synergy for the benefit of abolitionists. The resurgence of the death penalty jeopardizes the founding principles of the rule of law and fair trial, and risks once again impacting the most vulnerable populations: children, migrants, religious minorities. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has thus initiated an advocacy project specifically dedicated to the concerns of its members with regards to countries considering a return to the death penalty, in law or in practice.Photo credits: Harm Reduction International [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1588] => Array ( [objectID] => 4318 [title] => The World Coalition welcomes the moratorium on executions in California [timestamp] => 1552521600 [date] => 14/03/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-welcomes-the-moratorium-on-executions-in-california/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/04c96ac2ce39a7bc575f098db3f555c1_2-1-500x289.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the moratorium on executions announced by the Governor of the US State of California, Gavin Newsom. California has 737 prisoners on death row, about 25% of all US death row prisoners, and the largest death row in the Western Hemisphere. Fewer than 30% of nations still use […] [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the moratorium on executions announced by the Governor of the US State of California, Gavin Newsom. California has 737 prisoners on death row, about 25% of all US death row prisoners, and the largest death row in the Western Hemisphere.Fewer than 30% of nations still use the death penalty in law and in practice. The death penalty is a violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. We welcome the 40 million people of California, the largest state in the USA, to this moratorium and encourage future steps toward full abolition of this barbaric, cruel and ineffective practice.13 March 2019World Coalition Against the Death Penalty--------------------------------------------------------------The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. To achieve its goal, the World Coalition advocates for a definitive end to death sentences and executions in those countries where the death penalty is in force. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1589] => Array ( [objectID] => 4319 [title] => 7th Congress – The new challenges of the abolitionist movement [timestamp] => 1551744000 [date] => 05/03/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-congress-the-new-challenges-of-the-abolitionist-movement/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7b1bfd534c9ef3904efe8b2d44898ebd_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => The actors involved in the universal abolition of the death penalty outlined the new challenges ahead in the fight for the right to life. [texte] => Gathered for 3 days in Brussels on the occasion of the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, abolitionists from all over the world shared their experiences to consolidate the movement in favor of the right to life. This is a decisive initiative at a time when few countries are maintaining their use of the death penalty or even considering using it again.New strategies and actors working for a single objective: the universal abolition of the death penaltyThe Congress served as a showcase for the main initiatives taken by private companies who are concerned with their consumers' commitments. Their fields of action are unique inspirations for the abolitionist movement: refusing to provide the prison administration with the products used during lethal injections, financing philanthropic companies (Virgin Unite) or engaging and conducting fundraising campaigns. From 15 to 25 May, 2017, Lush Cosmetics put up for sale bath bombs whose profits were entirely donated to abolitionist organizations, for a total of nearly $150,000.Alongside the usual abolitionists (journalists, lawyers, judges, politicians, etc), an emphasis was placed on involving younger generations and influencing conservative political opinion to move the abolitionist cause along.Making the link between the abolitionist and feminist movementsThe Congress highlighted the issue of gender discrimination, which is still often excluded from the concerns of lawyers, academics and even activists. The work of Cornell University’s Law School, represented by its director Delphine Lourtau, highlights the gender bias suffered by women sentenced to death. Their report, entitled "Judged for more than her crime", available online, shows that women sentenced to death constitute an invisible population, victims of abuse by their spouses, forced prostitution or marriage, without these circumstances being taken into consideration by judges during deliberation, while their alleged status as "bad mothers" or "bad wives" is exacerbated.The seminar gave rise to an intense debate on the alliance between abolitionist and feminist movements; should the detention of women be considered different from that of men and act on the basis of the differences identified, or should universal action be considered without arbitrary gender distinction? Some of the advocacy options explored include convening visits to prisons or seeking the support of UN women.The Congress, rich in firsthand accounts, mirrored the overall image of the abolitionist movement- open to involve all opinions in favor of human rights and concerned with regularly breathing new life into the movement. Photo credits: Harm Reduction International [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1590] => Array ( [objectID] => 4320 [title] => 7th World Congress – Closing ceremony [timestamp] => 1551398400 [date] => 01/03/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-world-congress-closing-ceremony/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f1ed1f6ddbc6773529b8ba6ee1f79b26_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => The 7th World Congress is coming to an end, after four days of intense exchanges and debates to advance the cause of abolition. A look back at this last morning and the closing ceremony. [texte] => Last morning of exchanges Round tables, workshops and training sessions were held throughout the morning at the Egmont Palace, covering a wide range of topics, like the issue of the discriminatory application of the death penalty to women, how to advocate with religious leaders, or the use of new technologies and new strategies to be implemented. A studious morning, but which allowed everyone to participate, to exchange ideas and to propose new initiatives. Journalists, members of organizations, lawyers, or activists were able to work together in a tremendous spirit of collaboration, mutual support and energy. The closing ceremony The Closing Ceremony, moderated by Susan Kigula, a former death row inmate in Uganda, and Alexandria Marzano-Lesnevich, an American author, provided an opportunity to reiterate everyone's commitment to the abolitionist cause and to review the many initiatives developed during the four days of Congress. While many speeches in support of the abolitionist cause have taken place, particularly from Benin and Monaco, but also from parliamentarians, lawyer bar associations, national human rights institutions, the red hands of abolitionist activists have risen to say no to the death penalty. The closing ceremony was also an opportunity for the World Coalition to read the final declaration of the Congress.Finally, to conclude this very beautiful moment of activism, all the participants gathered for the World March for Abolition. A peaceful, luminous and fraternal moment through Brussels that emotionally sealed this 7th World Congress. The 7th Congress is now over, but the fight continues! [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1591] => Array ( [objectID] => 4321 [title] => 7th World Congress – 28th february [timestamp] => 1551312000 [date] => 28/02/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-world-congress-28th-february/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f8c863a1c626e24346ccc6384cb50e7d_2-1-500x275.jpg [extrait] => The programme of the 7th World Congress continued today with more than fifteen events held at the Egmont Palace. Plenary meetings, round tables, workshops, screenings and signings... This is a non-exhaustive summary of this new day. [texte] => A day of testimonies Capital punishment inflicts pain to everybody. This is an essential point that is constantly recalled during this 7th Congress and in particular through the testimonies of relatives of persons sentenced to death. A workshop on the subject was held during the day, raising the question of the needs of the first persons concerned by the death penalty: the convicteds of course, but also their families, whose difficulties, suffering and social stigmatization must be taken into account. This evening Inside-Out will take place in Bozar, an evening of testimonies, a real highlight of the Congress. Punctuated by several artistic performances, it will allow us to evoke the links between those who were, or are still on death row, and the outside world. High-flying academic events The plenary was devoted to the challenges of Sub-Saharan Africa and several training sessions and round tables were held throughout the day, allowing lawyers, researchers, journalists etc. to present the state of their research and share their knowledge.Strategies for abolition in Iran Organized jointly by ECPM and Iran Human Rights, this side event provided an opportunity to examine the specificities of the Iranian situation and, based on the 11th annual report on the death penalty in Iran, to draw up several possible strategies to advance the abolitionist cause. Two issues remain of particular concern in Iran, the issue of minorities (notably Iranian Kurdistan and Balochistan) on the one hand, but also that of juvenile offenders on the other. While human rights are regularly violated, the death penalty is used as a tool for political repression. "It is quite possible that a change may occur, but to do so, pressure must be maintained at an international level." The strategies mentioned are the renewal of the legislative arsenal and a commitment, considered essential, by the European Union on these issues. Round table: Foreigners sentenced to death in the fight against terrorism Begun with a presentation by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, and through the example of Tunisian (presented by journalist Hédi Yahmed) and French people detained in Iraq, but also the military courts of Guantanamo (subject dealt with by James Connell, lawyer), this round table presented several aspects of this thorny issue, because, as Martin Pradel, lawyer at the Paris Bar, pointed out: "These cases are the sum of all fears and cowardice." When public opinion seems to be more than largely unfavorable to convicted persons and military courts operate in complete opacity, in disregard of the most fundamental human rights, the duty of States to enforce the law and protect their fellow citizens should prevail. Unfortunately, this is not the case, and France is sadly making a name for itself in this area. For more information on the Guantanamo courts, feel free to follow GITMO WATCH's work on twitter: @GitmoWatch @BaluchiGitmo @CarolRosenberg Culture always on the agenda Culture is not to be forgotten during the congress. While several signing sessions were held at the bookstore stand of the Abolition Village, several films were screened today, including the documentary film "The Sinner" by Asim Rafiqui, presented by Justice Project Pakistan. A film with striking sobriety and intensity that tells the story of Jan Mashi, who was an executioner for many years in Pakistan. The documentary strongly shows how barbaric the practice of hanging is and reminds us that the death penalty is a suffering that infects all those it affects, regardless of their side. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1592] => Array ( [objectID] => 4322 [title] => 7th World Congress – Opening ceremony and first day [timestamp] => 1551225600 [date] => 27/02/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-world-congress-opening-ceremony-and-first-day/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7debbfe6afe063ec4025cf03d59092be_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => Launched yesterday, abolitionists from around the world have gathered in Brussels for the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty organized by ECPM in partnership with the World Coalition that will continue until Friday. Looking back on the last two days of a Congress that has been thus far rich in emotion [texte] => The opening ceremony at the European Parliament By receiving abolitionist activists at its highest institution, the European Union wanted to make a strong commitment to the fight against the death penalty and underline the importance of the work carried out by activists around the world. Emphasis was placed on the many positive developments that have come from the abolitionist movement, including the States that newly voted in favor of the moratorium on the death penalty during the United Nations General Assembly last December, bringing the number of States who voted for the resolution to 121. However, abolitionist work remains considerable, and the opening ceremony was also an opportunity to highlight the severity of the events that are currently taking place in Egypt. While we are all aware that the battle to abolish capital punishment is an uphill fight full of occasional setbacks,Raphael Chenuil-Hazan, the Executive Director of ECPM, gave powerful testimony full of energy, passion and hope that was reflected in the activists present.As stated by Aminata Niakate, ECPM Administrator: "The road to abolition is terribly long, but I do not despair of seeing the day when we will no longer need to meet in a congress and where we can announce the dissolution of ECPM." The arts were engaged ... The arts also took center stage during this opening ceremony with an artistic performance given by Vanessa Place, American lawyer and poet, who read a text written for the occasion, along with a mini concert performed by Tyvh Barrow, Belgian singer. Towards the end of the opening ceremony, all those present will remember for a long time to come, the speech delivered by Ndume Olatushani, formerly sentenced to death, who presented a painting created especially for the Congress. ... The private sector as well Taking the example of some pharmaceutical companies that have decided not to be complicit in executions and not to provide the necessary compounds for the lethal injections in the US, the plenary session following the opening ceremony was devoted to the links between the business world and civil society in the fight against the death penalty. February 26Right before the opening ceremony During the Steering Committee meeting and the General Assembly of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty which took place yesterday, 13 side-events took place at the same time at the Palais d'Egmont.They brought together lawyers, politicians, academics, representatives of local communities, journalists and artists from all around the world, all committed to the fight against the death penalty. Those side-events included a conference organized by the International Commission against the Death Penalty. Drawing on the example of 29 abolitionist States, the ICDP questioned the lessons that can be learned in order to define new strategies and news actions that can be taken. Among them, the importance of political involvement in this area was emphasized. Read the full report here. "Pain is Pain" - Mike Radelet, University of Colorado sociologistDuring this 7th Congress, the impact of the death penalty on convicts' relatives is also a monumental subject. This is particularly true about the project "Who deserves to die? " led by Sofia Moro, ajournalist whose book can be viewed on her website and whose photos will be exhibited from 22 FEBRUARY 19 to 07 APRIL 19 at BOZAR. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1593] => Array ( [objectID] => 4323 [title] => 7th World Congress LIVE on Twitter! [timestamp] => 1551139200 [date] => 26/02/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-world-congress-live-on-twitter/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ab247c396be682cf6b3e641b2a70fd97_2-1-500x166.png [extrait] => Follow the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty taking place in Brussels from 26 February to 1st March 2019 on Twitter: #7congressECPM [texte] => Follow the #7congressECPM Tweet #7congressECPM [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1594] => Array ( [objectID] => 4324 [title] => Saudi Arabia’s false promise on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1549411200 [date] => 06/02/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/saudi-arabias-false-promise-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/feddf93a6a4f5dc7f3f36d06f0012a02_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => With 149 executions in 2018, one of the highest rates since the 1990’s, the Saudi Kingdom seems to be locking itself into a violent authoritarian drift [texte] => With 149 executions in 2018, one of the highest rates since the 1990’s, the Saudi Kingdom seems to be locking itself into a violent authoritarian drift, according to the European Saudi Organization for Human Rights’ 2018 report. Figures on hand, the organization warns of “one of the darkest periods of repression” that may be unfolding in Saudi Arabia, where the use of the death penalty is mainly due to political and arbitrary decisions. The Kingdom’s reluctance to communicate the exact number of executions could reveal an even more critical situation. Saudi Arabia recently widened the scope of the capital punishment despite the Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman’s statement in April 2018 who promised penal reforms limiting the use of the death penalty. Moreover, the death penalty often follows the use of torture during interrogation or unfair trials during which lawyers for the defendant are not always present – violating more rules in international law. According to the report, the death penalty is above all a valuable political instrument for the Kingdom, increasingly used against women, human rights activists or certain religious, effectively equating their activism with terrorism. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1595] => Array ( [objectID] => 4325 [title] => Critical expansion of the use of the death Penalty in India in 2018 [timestamp] => 1549411200 [date] => 06/02/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/critical-expansion-of-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-in-india-in-2018/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/981a5d1a2143cdd4e0b4382fce20f5fa_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => In 2018 India followed a particularly repressive path by sentencing 162 people to death. [texte] => In 2018 India followed a particularly repressive path by sentencing 162 people to death – reaching a new high after nearly two decades. Amongst the many explanations, Project 39As’ report hightlights recent penal reforms and pending draft bills that aim at expanding the death penalty for non-lethal offenses, such as sexual crimes towards children, or for maritime piracy. India also voted against the United Nations’ 2018 moratorium on the use of the death penalty, arguing a contradiction with its domestic law that permits capital punishment only for the rarest of cases. As a result, there were 426 people on death row in 2018 compared to 371 in 2017.However, the Supreme Court has, in a way, slightly countered this punitive shift by commuting 11 out of 12 sentences to life imprisonment. In the meantime, MP Dr. Shashi Tharoor introduced a new bill for abolishing the death penalty. The bill explicitly follows the footsteps of abolitionist movement in India by advocating alternative sentences, as well as preventive and rehabilitation penal measures and noting the bias or the ineffectiveness of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1596] => Array ( [objectID] => 4326 [title] => 2018 confirms a long-term decline of the death penalty in the US [timestamp] => 1548633600 [date] => 28/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/2018-confirms-a-long-term-decline-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-us/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0433fa376cadca0a8bd6e81674a0498f_2-1.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Information Center’s 2018 End-of-Year report confirms decline despite strong lasting inequalities. [texte] => The Death Penalty Information Center’s 2018 End-of-Year report confirms decline despite strong lasting inequalities.The abolitionist movement keeps gaining ground in the USIn 2018, the abolition movement gained important victories, including political and juridical ones. Many prosecutors have been replaced by reform candidates, including two of the country’s most aggressive supporters of the death penalty in Orange and San Bernardino counties in California. During the gubernatorial elections, anti-death penalty candidates were either reelected (as in Oregon and Pennsylvania where moratoria on death penalty have been ordered) or elected for the first time (as in Colorado where the candidate explicitly advocated against death penalty). On the side of juridical victories, Washington’s Supreme Court’s decision was decisive. The Court indeed ruled that the death penalty violated the state constitution, arguing in an “arbitrary and racially biased manner”. Thanks to this decision, Washington became the 20th abolitionist state in the US. Juries also exonerated two individuals sentenced to death in California and Florida and commuted the sentences of three others to life in prison in Ohio and Texas. Public opinion is also slightly changing its position on the death penalty according to an October Gallup poll. The death penalty is now seen as a fair sentence by less than half of Americans, which is the lowest level since 2000 the DCIP’s report points out. The use of the death penalty remains discriminatory With 25 executions and 42 death sentences, 2018 is the fourth consecutive year with less than 30 executions and less than 50 death sentences. Despite these figures, the death penalty continues to reveal important social and territorial inequalities. The DPIC describes it as “geographically isolated”: 14 states were responsible for the sentencing, including Texas and Florida where 14 sentences were passed down and only 8 states were responsible for all of the executions in2018, including 13 in Texas. The DPIC’s report points out that 70% of the people sentenced to death suffer various mental illness, brain damage or even chronic abuse. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1597] => Array ( [objectID] => 5614 [title] => Death Penalty Sentencing in Trial Courts: Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (2000-2015) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-sentencing-in-trial-courts-delhi-madhya-pradesh-and-maharashtra-2000-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Compiled by Project 39A from the National University Law in Delhi, India and based on numerous figures and statistics, this report attempts to understand how death sentencing is practised among the district and sessions courts in India. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a843a9a9f07f5ccd61685f3/t/5ebc3dc0879c75754ab23f78/1589394902371/Death+Penalty+Sentencing+in+Trial+Courts.pdf ) [1598] => Array ( [objectID] => 5615 [title] => Darlie Lynn (song) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/darlie-lynn-song/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Darlie was convicted and sentenced to death for a crime she did not commit. Ever since that conviction, new attorneys have been working to obtain a new trial and establish her innocence.This story is a tragic one, but it is not finished yet.Song performed and recorded by Indie Pirate Shop. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4F4IcVRJINI ) [1599] => Array ( [objectID] => 5627 [title] => A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE INDIAN JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND COURT HIERARCHY [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-brief-introduction-to-the-indian-judicial-system-and-court-hierarchy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper provides an introduction to the Indian judicial system and court hierarchy, outlining the jurisdiction of constitutional and statutory courts and tribunals and the appointment, tenure and removal of judges. It describes forms of alternative dispute resolution that have emerged in recent decades, partly to combat delays in the court system, and informal dispute resolution bodies that mediate family disputes, such as Sharia courts. The paper concludes by discussing the contentious issues of delay in the court system, public interest litigation, and appointments to the Supreme and High Courts of India. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/3085178/India-Briefing-Paper_final.pdf ) [1600] => Array ( [objectID] => 5629 [title] => Death Penalty in Liberia. When will it be abolished? [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-liberia-when-will-it-be-abolished/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The FIACAT and ACAT Liberia organized an awareness-raisingworkshop on 17 and 18 September 2019 in Monrovia (Liberia) for 30 participants: Muslim and Christian religious leaders, traditional chiefs, members of civil society organizations, journalists, members of the Independent National Commissionon Human Rights (INCHR) and parliamentarians. This workshop resulted in the production of this publication to raise awareness among opinion leaders on the abolition of the death penalty in Liberia, considering the specific characteristicsand needs of the country. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://fiacat.org/attachments/article/2806/FIACAT_PDM_LIBERIA_BROCHURE_A5_2019_lecture.pdf ) [1601] => Array ( [objectID] => 5630 [title] => REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON REVIEW OF THE MANDATORY DEATH SENTENCE UNDER SECTION 204 OF THE PENAL CODE [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-task-force-on-review-of-the-mandatory-death-sentence-under-section-204-of-the-penal-code/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report incorporates the results of the audit and recommendations for the design of a comprehensive framework for resentence hearings of capital offenders in Kenya. The framework could guide courts to conduct the resentence hearing process in a structured and evidence-based manner, taking into consideration all the key information that is necessary for mitigation, reintegration and resettlement needs of the offenders, allow the input of the victims, families and communities to be considered, and ensure consistency in resentencing judgments across the country. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://www.statelaw.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/EDITED-Final-Nov-5th-DPTF-REPORT.pdf ) [1602] => Array ( [objectID] => 5631 [title] => THE STATE OF AFRICAN REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS BODIES AND MECHANISMS 2018-2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-state-of-african-regional-human-rights-bodies-and-mechanisms-2018-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report presents a comprehensive review of the current state and performance of the African regional human rights system in the period between 1 January 2018 and 30 June 2019. It appraises the functioning, working methods, outputs and impact of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR); the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC); and the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACtHPR) during the reporting period. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr01/1155/2019/en/ ) [1603] => Array ( [objectID] => 5632 [title] => The Decline of the Judicial Override [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-decline-of-the-judicial-override/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article discusses the role of judges in death determinations, identifying jurisdictions that initially (post-1972) allowed judge sentencing and naming the individuals who today remain under judge-imposed death sentences. The decisions guaranteeing a jury determination have so far been applied only to cases that have not undergone initial review in state courts. Key questions remain unresolved, including whether the evolving standards of decency permit the execution of more than 100 individuals who were condemned to death by judges without a jury’s death verdict before implementation of the rules that now require unanimous jury votes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://files.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/The-Decline-of-the-Judicial-Override.pdf ) [1604] => Array ( [objectID] => 5633 [title] => Nobody To Talk To: Barriers to Mental Health Treatment for Family Members of Individuals Sentenced to Death and Executed [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/nobody-to-talk-to-barriers-to-mental-health-treatment-for-family-members-of-individuals-sentenced-to-death-and-executed/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Four decades after the reinstatement of the death penalty in the United States, the harmful impact of death sentences and executions on persons other than the individual offender is still not widely recognized – not even among mental health professionals who specialize in responding to individual and community needs in the aftermath of traumatic events. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://texasafterviolence.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/TAVP_Report.pdf ) [1605] => Array ( [objectID] => 5634 [title] => Justice Project Pakistan Death Penalty Database [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/justice-project-pakistan-death-penalty-database/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => n the course of its advocacy and litigation work, JPP has developed a substantial collection of data sets on death row. With technical support from HURIDOCS, it has now developed open source data sets based on existing research on death row and on age determination under the Juvenile Justice Systems Ordinance. This project marks the beginning of the process of making the information publicly available, allowing the public and academic institutions to generate their own findings and base their campaigns on verified data. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://data.jpp.org.pk/ ) [1606] => Array ( [objectID] => 5635 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2019: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2019-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The US death penalty usage remains near record lows in 2019. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2019-year-end-report ) [1607] => Array ( [objectID] => 5636 [title] => The Condemned [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-condemned/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Forty-three years after the Supreme Court reversed course and reinstated the death penalty, reliable data on the individuals sent to death row is maddeningly difficult to obtain. The Intercept set out to compile a comprehensive dataset on everyone sentenced to die in active death penalty jurisdictions since 1976. The findings show that capital punishment remains as “arbitrary and capricious” as ever. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://theintercept.com/series/the-condemned/ ) [1608] => Array ( [objectID] => 5637 [title] => Advocacy Toolkit: Abolition Of The Death Penalty In Africa [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/advocacy-toolkit-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This advocacy toolkit is for the use of activists working on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa. It is intended to equip them with some key advocacy tools to effectively influence the institutions and individuals who can make abolition a reality in the region. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/1162/2019/en/ ) [1609] => Array ( [objectID] => 5638 [title] => Pathways to Justice: Implementing a Fair and Effective Remedy following Abolition of the Mandatory Death Penalty in Kenya [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pathways-to-justice-implementing-a-fair-and-effective-remedy-following-abolition-of-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-kenya/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report draws on experiences in other jurisdictions where capital sentencing laws have been struck down or abolished, thereby generating the need for prisoners already unlawfully sentenced to death to be given substitute sentences. It delineates the ways in which other common law jurisdictions have addressed the practical and procedural challenges of resentencing following the abolition of the mandatory death penalty – navigating potential human rights infringements and ensuring that satisfactory requirements of due process are met. Resentencing procedures must also be scalable and practically accessible to the large number of individuals (thousands in the case of Kenya) entitled to relief. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/pathways-to-justice-implementing-a-fair-and-effective-remedy-following-abolition-of-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-kenya/ ) [1610] => Array ( [objectID] => 5639 [title] => DEATH ROW USA. Summer 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-usa-summer-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provides death row statistics and an update on executions in the US as of July 2019. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.naacpldf.org/wp-content/uploads/DRUSASummer2019-1.pdf ) [1611] => Array ( [objectID] => 5640 [title] => Practice guide for defense counsel representing individuals facing the death penalty in Uganda [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/practice-guide-for-defense-counsel-representing-individuals-facing-the-death-penalty-in-uganda/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Practice guide offers guidance to defense counsel in Uganda for the accused person facing a criminal trial of a capital offence involving a death penalty. The best practices are intended to ensure effective legal representation in order to mitigate the potential of imposition of the death penalty. The best practices detailed in the Practice guide intend to enhance the performance of criminal defense counsel in all stages of the criminal trial proceeding to mitigate the adverse effect of an erroneous conviction and sentencing of the accused person to death.The Practice guide was developed in recognition of the unique nature and effect of the death penalty compared to other criminal penalties, and therefore defense counsel in a capital case should take extraordinary efforts on behalf of the accused to review and ensure compliance with these best practices throughout the proceedings. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.penalreform.org/resource/practice-guide-for-defense-counsel-representing-individuals-facing/ ) [1612] => Array ( [objectID] => 5641 [title] => Contradictions in Judicial Support for Capital Punishment in India and Bangladesh: Utilitarian Rationales [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/contradictions-in-judicial-support-for-capital-punishment-in-india-and-bangladesh-utilitarian-rationales/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article draws on two original empirical research projects that explored judges’ opinions on the retention and administration of capital punishment in India and Bangladesh. The data expose justice systems marred by corruption, incompetence, abuses of due process, and arbitrary and inconsistent treatment of defendants from arrest through to conviction and sentencing. It shows that those with the power to sentence to death have little faith in the integrity of the criminal process. Yet, a startling paradox emerges from these studies; despite personal knowledge of its flaws, judges have trust in the death penalty to deter crime and to realise other sentencing aims and feel retention benefits society. This is explained by reference to utilitarian values. Not only did our judges express strongly utilitarian justifications for sentencing people to death, in terms of their erroneous belief in its deterrent effect, but some also articulated utilitarian justifications for misconduct in pre-trial processes, suggesting that it was necessary to break the rules to secure convictions when the system was dysfunctional and ineffective. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11417-019-09304-0 ) [1613] => Array ( [objectID] => 5642 [title] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2019: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/texas-death-penalty-developments-in-2019-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (TCADP) – a statewide advocacy organization based in Austin, Texas – publishes this annual report to inform the public and elected officials about issues associated with the death penalty over the past year. The report includes illustrative charts and graphs, and cites the death penalty developments in Texas (USA). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://tcadp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Texas-Death-Penalty-Developments-in-2019.pdf ) [1614] => Array ( [objectID] => 5643 [title] => Children, Yet Convicted as Adults [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/children-yet-convicted-as-adults/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In May 2019, at least 85 alleged juvenile offenders were sitting on death row in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Last year, seven child offenders were executed, and since the year 2000, Iran has put to death at least 140 individuals for offenses they allegedly committed as children. Today, on World Day Against the Death Penalty, Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran (ABC) releases an original report titled, Children, Yet Convicted as Adults, which challenges Iran’s justifications for the use of capital punishment against child offenders, examines the question of maturity through the lens of empirical scientific research, and calls on the Islamic Republic to take immediate action to ensure that no individual is put to death for crimes committed as a child [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.iranrights.org/library/document/3629 ) [1615] => Array ( [objectID] => 5644 [title] => On the possibility of Viet Nam ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/on-the-possibility-of-viet-nam-ratifying-the-second-optional-protocol-to-the-iccpr-aiming-at-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study aims to assess the possibility of Viet Nam ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. It analyzes: (a) the current international legal framework and the process of legal development to abolish the death penalty in selected countries, (b) the compatibility between the existing regulations on the death penalty in the Vietnamese legal system and the Second Optional Protocol of the ICCPR, and (c) the assessment of feasibility for abolition of the death penalty in Viet Nam. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://www.vn.undp.org/content/dam/vietnam/docs/Publications/Death%20Penalty%20Report%20(ENG).pdf ) [1616] => Array ( [objectID] => 5645 [title] => Iran 34th Session of the Working Group on the UPR: Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iran-34th-session-of-the-working-group-on-the-upr-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This joint stakeholder report aims to provide up-to-date and useful information to understand the reality of the death penalty in the Islamic Republic of Iran, in view of the next review of Iran by the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in November 2019. The substantive information was gathered from news, reports and testimonies from various local sources. Iran is one of the leading death-sentencing and executing states in the world. Despite some recent steps towards limiting the scope of the death penalty for drug-related crimes, Iran’s use of capital punishment remains non-transparent, arbitrary, and worrisomely broad in scope. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/UPR-IRAN-050419-MD.pdf ) [1617] => Array ( [objectID] => 5646 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Fifty-five (55) OSCE participating States have either completely abolished the death penalty or maintain moratoria on executions as an important first step towards abolition. However, in a global context where discussions focus on the threat of terrorism and a need to be tough on crime, it is perhaps not surprising that the question of reintroducing the death penalty surfaces at times, including in the OSCE region. It is, therefore, a good moment to reflect on the reasons why there is still support for the death penalty, considering the growing understanding that capital punishment is a cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. Some of the most persistent arguments used to justify the use of the death penalty and its possible reintroduction will be discussed in the report. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://www.osce.org/odihr/430268?download=true ) [1618] => Array ( [objectID] => 5647 [title] => A Perverse and Ominous Enterprise: The Death Penalty and Illegal Executions in Saudi Arabia [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-perverse-and-ominous-enterprise-the-death-penalty-and-illegal-executions-in-saudi-arabia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The evidence reviewed demonstrates frequent and heavy-handed recourse to the death penalty by Saudi Arabia in recent months. At least 149 people were executed in 2018, with at minimum 46 remaining on death row at the end of the year. A significant proportion of those executed were political dissidents, and a number were children at the time of their alleged offending. Each of these features connotes a grave violation of international human rights norms. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => https://www.doughtystreet.co.uk/sites/default/files/media/document/Helena%20Kennedy%20Report%20on%20Death%20Penalty%20KSA%20-%2029.7.19%20.pdf ) [1619] => Array ( [objectID] => 5648 [title] => Dehumanized: The Prison Conditions of People Sentenced to Death in Indonesia [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dehumanized-the-prison-conditions-of-people-sentenced-to-death-in-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Although much research has been carried out into the administration of justice in death penalty cases in Indonesia, there is little research into the conditions of detention of the men and women sentenced to death in that country. This study is one of the first to focus on the conditions of detention of death row prisoners in Indonesia. This report aims to give a voice to the men and women on death row in Indonesia and to their families, while documenting their situation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/rapportindon%C3%A9sie_gb.pdf ) [1620] => Array ( [objectID] => 5649 [title] => Punished for Being Vulnerable. How Pakistan executes the poorest and the most marginalized in society [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/punished-for-being-vulnerable-how-pakistan-executes-the-poorest-and-the-most-marginalized-in-society/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report aims to provide an update on the 2007 report, bearing in mind the significant changes that have taken place in Pakistan under various governments since then, including the 2008 unofficial moratorium and the resumption of executions in 2014. The mission aimed at exploring specific issues within the theme of the death penalty, including detention conditions on death row, the use of capital punishment for minors, and the impact of the death penalty on families of death row inmates, particularly their children. However, a recurring theme emerged in discussions about each of these sub-issues: a strong systemic bias against the poor and marginalized. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Punished-for-being-vulnerable_FIDH-HRCP.pdf ) [1621] => Array ( [objectID] => 5650 [title] => Fatally flawed: Why Malaysia must abolish the death penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fatally-flawed-why-malaysia-must-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Malaysia retains the death penalty for 33 offences and held 1,293 people on death row as of September 2019. This report highlights how the burden of the death penalty has largely fallen on those convicted of drug trafficking, who disproportionately include women and foreign nationals. These findings gain an even greater significance in the context of laws and policies that are in contravention of international human rights law and standards and which have added multiple layers of arbitrariness into the use of this punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/1078/2019/en/ ) [1622] => Array ( [objectID] => 5652 [title] => Clemency [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/clemency/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bernadine Williams, a prison guard, still has to drive an inmate through Death Row. Little by little, his work becomes unbearable. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.clemencymovie.com/ ) [1623] => Array ( [objectID] => 5653 [title] => Just Mercy [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/just-mercy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A powerful and thought-provoking true story, “Just Mercy” follows young lawyer Bryan Stevenson (Jordan) and his history-making battle for justice. After graduating from Harvard, Bryan heads to Alabama to defend those wrongly condemned or who were not afforded proper representation, with the support of local advocate Eva Ansley (Larson). Bryan becomes embroiled in a labyrinth of legal and political maneuverings and overt and unabashed racism as he fights for Walter, and others like him, with the odds—and the system—stacked against them. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.justmercyfilm.net/ ) [1624] => Array ( [objectID] => 5654 [title] => A Stolen Life: The Debra Milke Story [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-stolen-life-the-debra-milke-story/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Arizona said Debra Milke was a baby killer. Phoenix Homicide Detective Armando Saldate testified she "confessed" to having her four-year-old son murdered when he thought he was going to see Santa. In 1990, she ended up exactly where most thought she deserved--the only woman on Arizona's death row. This compelling investigative work by one of Arizona's most acclaimed journalists takes readers inside the case--inside the prison, inside the evidence, inside the breakdown of justice, inside the legal tenacity, inside the heart and mind of Debra Milke. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/STOLEN-LIFE-DEBRA-MILKE-STORY/dp/0578496224 ) [1625] => Array ( [objectID] => 5656 [title] => Compounded Violence: Domestic Abuse and the Mandatory Death Penalty in Ghana and Sierra Leone [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/compounded-violence-domestic-abuse-and-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-ghana-and-sierra-leone/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper applies a gendered perspective to women sentenced to a mandatory death penalty in the West African countries of Ghana and Sierra Leone. At present, there are six women on death row in Ghana and two women on death row in Sierra Leone. All eight women are sentenced to mandatory death for murder. However, interviews with the women on death row suggest that their offenses do not meet the threshold of ‘most serious crimes.’ Instead, many are convicted for acts committed in retaliation following violence against them. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Anjuli-Peters_DPP-Research-Summary_.pdf ) [1626] => Array ( [objectID] => 5657 [title] => Compounded Violence: Domestic Abuse and the Mandatory Death Penalty in Ghana and Sierra Leone [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/compounded-violence-domestic-abuse-and-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-ghana-and-sierra-leone-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper applies a gendered perspective to women sentenced to a mandatory death penalty in the West African countries of Ghana and Sierra Leone. At present, there are six women on death row in Ghana and two women on death row in Sierra Leone. All eight women are sentenced to mandatory death for murder. However, interviews with the women on death row suggest that their offenses do not meet the threshold of ‘most serious crimes.’ Instead, many are convicted for acts committed in retaliation following violence against them. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Anjuli-Peters_DPP-Research-Report-.pdf ) [1627] => Array ( [objectID] => 5658 [title] => River of Fire: My Spiritual Journey [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/river-of-fire-my-spiritual-journey/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => River of Fire is a book for anyone interested in journeys of faith and spirituality, doubt and belief, and “catching on fire” to purpose and passion. It is a book, written in accessible, luminous prose, about how to live a spiritual life that is wide awake to the sufferings and creative opportunities of our world. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/133675/river-of-fire-by-sister-helen-prejean/9781400067305/ ) [1628] => Array ( [objectID] => 5659 [title] => Malaysia: On Death Row [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malaysia-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Malaysian jails, more than 1,200 prisoners are on death row. For them, news that the government was planning to abolish the death penalty provided a much-needed glimmer of hope. But many Malaysians want to keep the law as it is, saying capital punishment deters criminals and helps keep citizens safe. Families of murder victims say the only way to get justice for their loved ones is by hanging the perpetrators. 101 East meets the people on either side of this emotional life-and-death debate and investigates if Malaysia is ready to abolish the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuLrVOQozW4 ) [1629] => Array ( [objectID] => 5660 [title] => High-Level Panel Discussion On The Question Of The Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/high-level-panel-discussion-on-the-question-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 26/2 and 36/17. It provides a summary of the high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty held on 26 February 2019 at the fortieth session of the Council. The panel discussion addressed human rights violations related to the use of the death penalty, in particular with respect to the rights to non-discrimination and equality. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/42/25 ) [1630] => Array ( [objectID] => 5664 [title] => Leaflet 2019 World Day [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-2019-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Leaflet for the 2019 World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Leaflet_EN-1.pdf ) [1631] => Array ( [objectID] => 5666 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Activists [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-activists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for activists. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => ) [1632] => Array ( [objectID] => 5667 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Defense Lawyers [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-defense-lawyers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for defense lawyers. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => ) [1633] => Array ( [objectID] => 5668 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Legislators [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-legislators/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for parliamentarians. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019QUNO_Legislators_EN-1.pdf ) [1634] => Array ( [objectID] => 5670 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Media [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-media/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for media. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019QUNO_Media_EN-1.pdf ) [1635] => Array ( [objectID] => 5672 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Prison Staff [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-prison-staff/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for prison staff. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => ) [1636] => Array ( [objectID] => 5673 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Sentencers [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-sentencers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for judges. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019QUNO_Sentencers_EN-1.pdf ) [1637] => Array ( [objectID] => 5675 [title] => Briefing Tools for Practictioners: Educators [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/briefing-tools-for-practictioners-educators/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => QUNO's tool for educators. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => ) [1638] => Array ( [objectID] => 5676 [title] => In Their Own Words (Black and White) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-their-own-words-black-and-white/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A tool with testimonies of children with a parent on death row, compiled by the World Coalition thanks to its member organizations (to be printed). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Temoignages_EN_BW-1.pdf ) [1639] => Array ( [objectID] => 5680 [title] => Mobilization Kit 2019 (Black and White) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-2019-black-and-white/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mobilization Kit for the 2019 World Day Against the Death Penalty, in black and white (to be printed). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019MobilizationKit_EN_BW-1.pdf ) [1640] => Array ( [objectID] => 5682 [title] => Mobilization Kit 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mobilization Kit for the 2019 World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019MobilizationKit_EN-1.pdf ) [1641] => Array ( [objectID] => 5684 [title] => Detailed Factsheet 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed factsheet for the 2019 World Day, on the rights of children whose a parent has been sentenced to death or executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019DetailedFactsheet_EN-1.pdf ) [1642] => Array ( [objectID] => 5686 [title] => Seven Dates With Death [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/seven-dates-with-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Louisiana in the late 50s, Moreese Bickham, who was the oldest living survivor of death row, killed two members of the Ku Klux Klan to save his own life. He was sentenced to death and believes he was lucky enough to even have a trial as a black man in the south. Due to mental toughness, a timely supreme court decision, and a lot of hope, Bickham survived his death sentence. Whether he knew it or not, after that day, his life was not going to get any easier [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://vimeo.com/345073847 ) [1643] => Array ( [objectID] => 5687 [title] => Who Are We Hanging? [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/who-are-we-hanging/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The index, created by Justic Project Pakistan, gives statistical information on the use of the death penalty in Pakistan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://data.jpp.org.pk/ ) [1644] => Array ( [objectID] => 5688 [title] => Mapping the Fate of the Dead (Killings and Burials in North Korea) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mapping-the-fate-of-the-dead-killings-and-burials-in-north-korea/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Transitional Justice Working Group’s 2019 report “Mapping the Fate of the Dead: Killings and Burials in North Korea” is based on four years of research(2015-2019) to document and map three types of locations connected to human rights violations in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea): [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://en.tjwg.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2019-Report-Mapping-the-Fate-of-the-Dead-Killings-and-Burials-in-North-Korea.pdf ) [1645] => Array ( [objectID] => 5690 [title] => Ratification Campaign Update 25- June 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-campaign-update-25-june-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document presents the recent evolution of the campaign as of 20 June 2019. This update gives information about the campaign development (status of ratifications, actions taken by the World Coalition and its members) and suggest taking action in the target countries [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CampaignUpdate-June2019-EN-1.pdf ) [1646] => Array ( [objectID] => 5694 [title] => Facts and Figures 2019 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facts and figures from Amnesty International's 2019 report on death sentences and executions in 2018 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019FactsFigures_EN-1.pdf ) [1647] => Array ( [objectID] => 5698 [title] => The Egypt Death Penalty Index [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-egypt-death-penalty-index/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Egypt Death Penalty Index is a joint initiative of Reprieve and the Daftar Ahwal Data Research Center. The Index tracks Egypt's use of capital punishment between 25 Janurary 2011 and 23 Septembrer 2018. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://egyptdeathpenaltyindex.com/ ) [1648] => Array ( [objectID] => 5699 [title] => Does the death penalty give victims closure? Science says no [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/does-the-death-penalty-give-victims-closure-science-says-no/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article deals with one of the main arguments of defenders of the capital sentence: is the death penalty a source of relief for the victims? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.sanluisobispo.com/living/family/linda-lewis-griffith/article230010544.html ) [1649] => Array ( [objectID] => 5700 [title] => Trial by fire [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/trial-by-fire/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Trial by Fire is the true-life Texas story of the unlikely bond between an imprisoned death row inmate (Jack O'Connell) and a mother of two from Houston (Laura Dern) who, though facing staggering odds, fights mightily for his freedom. Cameron Todd Willingham, a poor, uneducated heavy metal devotee with a violent streak and a criminal record, is convicted of arson-related triple homicide in 1992. During his 12 years on death row, Elizabeth Gilbert, an improbable ally, uncovers questionable methods and illogical conclusions in his case, and battles with the state to expose suppressed evidence that could save him. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.trialbyfirethefilm.com/ ) [1650] => Array ( [objectID] => 5701 [title] => The Pakistan Capital Punishment Study. A Study of the Capital Jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Pakistan [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-pakistan-capital-punishment-study-a-study-of-the-capital-jurisprudence-of-the-supreme-court-of-pakistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Pakistan Capital Punishment Study is the result of a two-year long research and analysis project undertaken by lawyers and academics at the Foundation for Fundamental Rights (‘FFR’) in Pakistan and international legal non-profit organization, Reprieve. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Pakistan-Capital-Punishment-Study.pdf ) [1651] => Array ( [objectID] => 5702 [title] => Drug-related Offences, Criminal Justice Responses and the Use of the Death Penalty in South-East Asia [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/drug-related-offences-criminal-justice-responses-and-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-in-south-east-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Most of the world’s countries or territories have either abolished the death penalty or no longer use it. More than half of those that retain the death penalty, of which many are in South-East Asia, do so for drug-related offences. Most prisoners on death row in South-East Asia have been convicted of drug-related offences, although law and practice vary considerably among countries that retain the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://bangkok.ohchr.org/Documents/DrugRelatedOffences2018.pdf ) [1652] => Array ( [objectID] => 5703 [title] => Mass Injustice: Statistical Findings on the Death Penalty in Egypt [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mass-injustice-statistical-findings-on-the-death-penalty-in-egypt/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report, Mass Injustice, presents the Egypt Death Penalty Index (“the Index”), a first-of-its-kind website and statisticaldatabase on Egypt’s application of thedeath penalty. The report provides background information on Egypt’s growing unlawful application of the death penalty, and explains how the Index was compiled. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://egyptdeathpenaltyindex.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/2019_05_09_PUB-EGY-Egypt-data-report-Mass-Injustice-WEB-version.pdf ) [1653] => Array ( [objectID] => 5705 [title] => Executions of juveniles since 1990 (as of April 2019) [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executions-of-juveniles-since-1990-as-of-april-2019/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The use of the death penalty for crimes committed by people younger than 18 is prohibited under international human rights law, yet some countries still execute child offenders. Since 1990 Amnesty International has documented 145 executions of child offenders in 10 countries: China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Sudan, Sudan, the USA and Yemen. This is the most up to date version of this document. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/0233/2019/en/ ) [1654] => Array ( [objectID] => 5706 [title] => The Death Penalty Project: 2018 Report [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-project-2018-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Project publishes its 2018 annual report. It provides testimonies, figures and a look on the actions accomplished in favour of the human rights worlwide. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/DPP-Annual-report-2018.pdf ) [1655] => Array ( [objectID] => 5707 [title] => The importance of raising awareness among ambassadors to the African Union on the draft African Protocol on abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-importance-of-raising-awareness-among-ambassadors-to-the-african-union-on-the-draft-african-protocol-on-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => FIACAT press release about the awareness raising workshop for permanent representatives to the African Union. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.fiacat.org/attachments/article/2740/201904%20CP%20awareness%20on%20the%20draft%20African%20Protocol%20on%20abolition.pdf ) [1656] => Array ( [objectID] => 5708 [title] => Death Sentences and Executions 2018 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International's annual report on the use of the death penalty in the world [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/9870/2019/en/ ) [1657] => Array ( [objectID] => 5709 [title] => Responsible Business Engagement on the Death Penalty. A Practical Guide [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/responsible-business-engagement-on-the-death-penalty-a-practical-guide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Business engagement in the death penalty is critical because of the impact it can have. Putsimply: the power is in your hands. If your business is looking for a human rights issue whereit can achieve measurable change, advocacy on the death penalty must be considered.Global support for the death penalty is declining. Meanwhile, competition for investment isfierce. Governments and the public at large care more about job creation and a healthy economythan a system of executions. Therefore, the voices of businesses and business leaders havea huge role to play in shaping public dialogue about whether to keep – or end – the use ofcapital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5aad31b0e17ba3b8d97c0b87/t/5c7501070d92970b2d61b46d/1551171848746/RBI_Practical+Guide.pdf ) [1658] => Array ( [objectID] => 5710 [title] => Stolen Youth. Juvenils, mass trials and the death penalty in Egypt [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/stolen-youth-juvenils-mass-trials-and-the-death-penalty-in-egypt/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Stolen-Youth-Juveniles-mass-trials-and-the-death-penalty-in-Egypt-.pdf ) [1659] => Array ( [objectID] => 5711 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: The Impact on Women [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-the-impact-on-women/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/files/2019/03/12/death-penalty-impact-women.pdf ) [1660] => Array ( [objectID] => 5712 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Foreign Nationals [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-foreign-nationals/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/files/2019/03/12/death-penalty-foreign-nationals.pdf ) [1661] => Array ( [objectID] => 5713 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Conditions of Detention on Death Row [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-conditions-of-detention-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Conditions of Detention on Death Row [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/files/2019/03/12/death-row-conditions-2018.pdf ) [1662] => Array ( [objectID] => 5715 [title] => Unsafe convictions in capital cases in Taiwan [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/unsafe-convictions-in-capital-cases-in-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Taiwan-Unsafe-Convictions-Report-FINAL_Printed.pdf ) [1663] => Array ( [objectID] => 5716 [title] => Call by the NHRIs to Strengthen and Broaden the Fight Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/call-by-the-nhris-to-strengthen-and-broaden-the-fight-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Call by the NHRIs to Strengthen and Broaden the Fight Against the Death Penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://congres.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/7thWC-joint-statement-NHRI.pdf ) [1664] => Array ( [objectID] => 5717 [title] => Concluding Talking Ponts on behalf of Parliamentarians and PGA, Attending the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/concluding-talking-ponts-on-behalf-of-parliamentarians-and-pga-attending-the-7th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Concluding Talking Ponts on behalf of Parliamentarians and PGA, Atteding the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://congres.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/7eWC-joint-statement-parliamentarians.pdf ) [1665] => Array ( [objectID] => 5718 [title] => Joint Statement of UN Independent Experts [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/joint-statement-of-un-independent-experts/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Joint statement of UN Independent Experts: Agnès Callamard, Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Michel Forst, Nils Melzer, Anaïs Marin, Philip Alston, E. Tendayi Achium, Dainius Puras, Ahmed Shaheed, Javaid Rehman, Yuval Shany. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => ) [1666] => Array ( [objectID] => 5719 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2018 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International has monitored use of the death penalty for drug offences worldwide since its first ground-breaking publication on this issue in 2007. This eighth report on the subject, continues its work of providing regular updates on legislative and practical developments related to the use of capital punishment for drug offences, a practice which is a clear violation of international human rights law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/files/2019/02/22/HRI_DeathPenaltyReport_2019.pdf ) [1667] => Array ( [objectID] => 5720 [title] => Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran 2018 [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provides an assessment and analysis of death penalty trends in 2018 in the Is-lamic Republic of Iran. It sets out the number of executions in 2018, the trend compared to previous years, the legislative framework and procedures, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran_2019-GB-BD.pdf ) [1668] => Array ( [objectID] => 5721 [title] => Protection of the Rights of Children of Parents Sentenced to Death or Exectued: An Expert Legal Analysis [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/protection-of-the-rights-of-children-of-parents-sentenced-to-death-or-exectued-an-expert-legal-analysis/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The QUNO's report offers an updated review of differents elements of international law on the human rights of the child. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://quno.org/sites/default/files/resources/QUNO%20Protection%20of%20the%20Rights%20of%20CPDSE_An%20Expert%20Legal%20Analysis.pdf ) [1669] => Array ( [objectID] => 5722 [title] => The Deprived: Innocent On Death Row [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-deprived-innocent-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The book describes how thousands of Americans are convicted of crimes they never committed. Many of them end up on death row where inmates have been executed despite their innocence. ‘The Deprived' is based on interviews with 10 Americans who have all been affected by wrongful convictions and the death penalty. The book also describes what leads to wrongful convictions in America and who’s most likely to be convicted of a crime they never committed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/Deprived-Innocent-Death-Row/dp/154395507X ) [1670] => Array ( [objectID] => 5723 [title] => Declaration on Malaysia [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/declaration-on-malaysia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Declaration on Malaysia adopted by acclamation in Brussels on 1st March 2019 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7congress-DeclarationMalaysia-EN-1.pdf ) [1671] => Array ( [objectID] => 5727 [title] => Death Penalty in India: 2018 Annual Statistics Report [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-2018-annual-statistics-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The number of death sentences reached a new peak in 2018 in India. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a843a9a9f07f5ccd61685f3/t/5c5020c003ce6447fb54cb66/1548755150348/Project+39A+Annual+Statistics.pdf ) [1672] => Array ( [objectID] => 5728 [title] => 2018 Death Penalty report: Saudi Arabia’s False Promise [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2018-death-penalty-report-saudi-arabias-false-promise/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The European Saudi organisation for Humans Rights published its 2018 report on the use of the death penalty in the Saudi Kingdom. It points an authoriatiran drift within the increase of the political use of the capital sentence against activists, women and clerics. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.esohr.org/en/?p=2090 ) [1673] => Array ( [objectID] => 5892 [title] => High-level Panel Discussion on the Question of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/high-level-panel-discussion-on-the-question-of-the-death-penalty-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 30/5. It provides a summary of the high-level discussion on the question of the death penalty held on 1 March 2017 at the thirty-fourth session of the Council. The objective of the panel discussion was to continue the exchange of views on the question of the death penalty and to address violations related to the use of the death penalty, in particular with respect to the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/36/27 ) [1674] => Array ( [objectID] => 6041 [title] => High-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/high-level-panel-discussion-on-the-question-of-the-death-penalty-3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Report of the UN Hugh Commissioner for human Rights provides a summary of the high-level discussion on the question of the death penalty, held on 4 March 2015, at the twenty-fifth session of the Council. The aim of the panel discussion was to exchange views on the question of the death penalty, and to address regional efforts aiming at the abolition of the death penalty and the challenges faced in that regard. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session30/Documents/A_HRC_30_21_ENG.docx ) [1675] => Array ( [objectID] => 7570 [title] => In Their Own Words [timestamp] => 1546300800 [date] => 01/01/2019 [annee] => 2019 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-their-own-words/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A tool with testimonies of children with a parent on death row, compiled by the World Coalition thanks to its member organizations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2019Temoignages_EN-1.pdf ) [1676] => Array ( [objectID] => 4327 [title] => 10 years with no hanging in the Caribbean [timestamp] => 1545177600 [date] => 19/12/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/10-years-with-no-hanging-in-the-caribbean/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/97cb65bbd279052c5996a83f9c4001cc_2-1-500x500.jpg [extrait] => The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) notes that 19 December, 2018 marks the 10th anniversary of the hanging of Charles la Place in St Kitts and Nevis. He was the last person who was hanged in the English-speaking Caribbean. [texte] => The longest period of time that has expired since someone was hanged in the English-speaking Caribbean was 40 years ago - in Grenada – and see: Barbados in 1984, Belize in 1985; Dominica in 1986, Jamaica in 1988, Antigua and Barbuda in 1991, St Vincent and the Grenadines in 1995, St Lucia: in 1995, Guyana in 1997, Trinidad and Tobago in 1999, and the Bahamas in 2000.GCL calls on our leaders in the region to accept that the restrictions placed by the ruling of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in the 1993 case of Pratt and Morgan v Attorney-General of Jamaica and by subsequent JCPC rulings, make it extremely difficult for death sentences to be carried out in our region.In the Pratt and Morgan case, the JCPC ruled that in any case where the execution of a person is to take place more than five years after sentencing, there would be strong grounds for believing that the delay is such as to constitute “inhumane or degrading punishment or other treatment”. In such cases the death penalty should be commuted to life imprisonment.To date 142 countries – more than two thirds of the world’s countries - have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Since the trend is to move away from the death penalty, we believe that it is time that our leaders and our people devote our energies to act on the recommendations contained in the 2012 UNDP Report entitled Human Development and the Shift to Better Citizen Security. The report reviews the state of crime, as well as the national and regional policies and programmes to address crime in seven English and Dutch-speaking Caribbean countries, including T&T. A key recommendation is that our Governments should seek to get “a better balance between legitimate law enforcement and preventive measures, with a stronger focus on prevention rather than repressive only measures”.The UNDP report highlights “the need to beef up the public institutions’ capacity to tackle crime and violence – including the criminal justice system – while boosting preventive measures. It contains recommendations to: prevent youth crime involvement by offering education and employment opportunities, especially to the marginalised urban poor; shift from a State protection approach to one focusing on citizen security and participation; and promote a law enforcement that is fair, accountable and more respectful of human rights”.Here in TT, GCL urges citizens to reach out in compassion and love to the victims of the 500 or more persons who have lost their lives this year through violent crime. Parishes/communities should establish victim support groups and seek to meet their needs. If we are serious about making a “dent” in crime, we need to spend more than 15 cents in the dollar on crime prevention. The time has come for courageous leadership in our region. The US Bishops were right when they said that: “The death penalty offers the tragic illusion that we can defend life by taking life.” Peace and non-violence will not become a reality if we keep baying for blood. Let’s end the death penalty in our region and strive to stop crime, not lives! Let’s become a people of and for life. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1677] => Array ( [objectID] => 4328 [title] => Death penalty: Global abolition closer than ever as record number of countries vote to end executions [timestamp] => 1545004800 [date] => 17/12/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-global-abolition-closer-than-ever-as-record-number-of-countries-vote-to-end-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d260465d8b8b61441edf9f428ae35f58_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => A record number of States - 121 out of 193 member states - voted in favour of a moratorium on the death penalty at the United Nations General Assembly on December the 17th. A world without the death penalty may become a reality according to Chiara Sangiorgio, Amnesty International's Death Penalty Expert. [texte] => After a record number of UN member states today supported at the final vote a key UN General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty, Amnesty International’s Death Penalty Expert Chiara Sangiorgio said: “The fact that more countries than ever before have voted to end executions shows that global abolition of the death penalty is becoming an inevitable reality. A death penalty-free world is closer than ever. “This vote sends yet another important signal that more and more countries are willing to take steps to end this cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment once and for all. “The result also shows the increasing isolation of the 35 countries that voted against the resolution. Those countries still retaining the death penalty should immediately establish a moratorium on executions as a first step towards full abolition.”Background121 of the UN’s 193 member states voted in favour of the seventh resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty at the UNGA plenary session in New York, while 35 voted against and 32 abstained. 117 had done so in December 2016. This resolution was proposed by Brazil on behalf of an Inter-Regional Task Force of member states and co-sponsored by 83 states.For the first time, Dominica, Libya, Malaysia and Pakistan changed their vote to support the resolution, while Antigua and Barbuda, Guyana and South Sudan moved from opposition to abstention. Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Mauritius, Niger, and Rwanda once again voted in favour of the call for a moratorium on executions, having not done so in 2016.Five countries reversed their 2016 votes, with Nauru moving from vote in favour to vote against and Bahrain and Zimbabwe switching from abstention to opposition. Congo and Guinea changed from voting in favour to abstention.When the UN was founded in 1945 only eight of the then 51 UN member states had abolished the death penalty. Today, 103 of 193 member states have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, and 139 have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. In 2017 executions were reported in 22 UN member states, 11% of the total. Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1678] => Array ( [objectID] => 18726 [title] => Fourteen Days in May [timestamp] => 1543536000 [date] => 30/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fourteen-days-in-may/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Fourteen Days in May is a documentary directed by Paul Hamann. The program recounts the final days before the execution of Edward Earl Johnson, an American prisoner convicted of rape and murder.The documentary crew, given access to the prison warden, guards and chaplain and to Johnson and his family, filmed the last days of Johnson's life in detail. The documentary argues against the death penalty and maintains that capital punishment is disproportionately applied to African-Americans convicted of crimes against whites. The programme features attorney Clive Stafford Smith, an advocate against capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty [1] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcvNce3dbKo ) [1679] => Array ( [objectID] => 4329 [title] => No mention of death row prisoners in Mandela rules [timestamp] => 1543536000 [date] => 30/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/no-mention-of-death-row-prisoners-in-mandela-rules/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/38aa17510a075b710a2b2828a7e94f12_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => Commemorating the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 2018 is an opportunity to question the effectiveness of civil and political rights, but also economic, social and cultural rights, in the context of an increasingly globalized world that ostracizes, excludes, sentences to death and continues to execute. [texte] => Chosen as the theme of the World Day against the Death Penalty on 10 October 2018, living conditions on death row are subjected to general standards in line with those of people deprived of their liberty, as enshrined in a series of treaties and reference guidelines: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Convention against Torture, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Articles 4, 5 and 6), African Charter on Human Rights and Child Welfare, Robben Island Guidelines, the 1955 Mandela Rules (revised in 2015), complemented by the Beijing Rules on Minors Deprived of their Liberty and the Bangkok Rules on Women Deprived of their Liberty.In this context, this 70th anniversary of the Declaration of Human Rights is also an opportunity to question ourselves on the need to strengthen existing international standards on living conditions on death row.Living conditions on death row: a general protection and missed opportunitiesWhile there are many legal norms guaranteeing general protection for detainees - and therefore for those sentenced to death - there are no legal provisions guaranteeing specific protection for prisoners sentenced to death, even though there are certain vulnerabilities for which international human rights law remains silent to this date.Unfortunately, the review of the Mandela rules in 2015 did not include specific final provisions for living conditions of death row inmates, while additional standards for minors and women deprived of their liberty exist. In addition, the European Union guidelines on torture and the death penalty do not address the issue of living conditions of death row inmates at all, whereas the European Union's Action Plan on Human Rights (2015-2019) includes in point 13(a) the need to work towards minimum standards.Another disappointing event was the very recent revision and adoption of General Comment No. 36 on Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Right to Life by the United Nations on 30 October, which remains completely silent on the issue of living conditions on death row.Lack of grounding in international human rights lawThe legal vacuum is only rarely in favour of the most vulnerable rights holders, such as the incarcerated and the sentenced to death. For example, there is no specific definition of "death row" and "prison isolation", which affect a significant proportion of people on death row around the world (over 20 000 people now, according to official statistics).Living conditions on death row vary dramatically from one continent to another. In some countries, they are held in separate prison blocks; in other countries, prisoners sentenced to death are kept with the general prison population. In both cases, their needs are intricately linked to their sentence and are not taken into consideration. Death row forces isolation upon prisoners and presents it as an administrative and non-disciplinary measure. However, isolation very often amounts to real torture, and endless, since good conduct provides no means of escape. People sentenced to death held with the general population are easy targets because they are doomed to die; as a result, authorities pay little attention to their future or their daily lives. If the sentence is imminent death, it cannot lead to degrading treatment or daily torture, hence the need to regulate the living conditions on death row.Food for thoughtLiving conditions on death row are particularly difficult in many aspects of deprivation of liberty. The following points should be enshrined as minimal legal guarantees, in the name of human dignity:• Access to the outside world (family, lawyers, diplomatic or consular representation), with increased vulnerability for women and minors. The challenge is to maintain the social fabric. Some prisons holding death row prisoners are located hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away from the cities, which is likely to undermine the prisoners' links with family or loved ones.• Access to health care, medical staff and specific care (particularly psychological care). In many prison systems, the death sentence is an aggravates the denial of general access to health care. An organization defending the rights of death row inmates in Pakistan (particularly in the Punjab region) reports weekly deaths in custody due to poor sanitary conditions, including regular deaths of people on death row.Next, specific training of prison officer on health issues and the "death row syndrome" should be addressed in a specific recommendation or rule.• Access to the courtyard and to outdoor areas: the minimum standard is one hour a day; however, many death row prisoners are granted access to an indoor courtyard and remain deprived of fresh air.• Access to free and quality legal aid for appeal proceedings, with automatic access to an interpreter if necessary.• Access to education and physical activities. For example, in Malawi, women sentenced to death can participate in gardening. In Burkina Faso, women prisoners, including those sentenced to death, can read what they want, which is not the case in all prison systems.• The issue of the remains and personal belongings of those sentenced to death. International standards are far from explicit on this subject. In order to be able to grieve, like the families of victims of forced disappearances who have later been found, families should be able to recover the body of the executed individual, all his or her personal belongings, in order to hold proper funeral rites.• Internal or external inspections of living conditions on death row should lead to regular visits and reports. Unfortunately, the issue isn't mentioned in the current iteration of international standards.• The issue of being part of a minority group: in a number of States where the death penalty is applied, being a minority (e. g. Afghans or Ahwaz Arabs in Iran) is an aggravating factor similarly to other factors such as poverty or level of education. The same applies to the issue of sexual orientation and gender identity. In this context, Mandela rules are not sufficiently inclusive and precise regarding the need for non-discrimination, which transcends all treaties on the protection of human rights.• The issue of the media. This refers to raising awareness of living conditions on death row and soliciting actors to develop research on these aspects, in the spirit of rule 70 of the 2011 Bangkok Rules on Women Deprived of Liberty.ConclusionThe purpose of this first article was shed light the very obvious shortcomings of international human rights law regarding the specific protection of death row prisoners around the world. International human rights law is to be strengthened and discussed in terms of experiences, good practices and jurisprudence at the regional and national levels.That is why Planète Réfugiés-Droits de l'Homme will organise a side event on 26 February in Brussels, prior to the opening of the World Congress against the Death Penalty: it will be the first of many workshops on the development and drafting of standards specific to living conditions on death row. We hope to see you all in Brussels!For more information on the side event, please contact Nordine Drici (nordinedrici@hotmail.fr) and Sandrine Ageorges-Skinner (sandrine.ageorges@gmail.com). [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1680] => Array ( [objectID] => 4330 [title] => Death penalty is torture, says expert [timestamp] => 1543449600 [date] => 29/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-is-torture-says-expert/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/dc22950543ce2694e681c230fa8735bb_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => In celebration of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights' 70th anniversary, the 20th EU-NGO Forum was held in Brussels on 21-22 November 2018, during which a session on "International Actions against Death Penalty and Torture" took place. World Coalition Director Aurélie Plaçais was invited to participate in the panel discussion, alongside representatives from Coalition member organizations ECPM and FIACAT. [texte] => After all the presentations and discussions, it became clear that torture and the death penalty are intimately linked. Beyond the emotional side of it, i.e. the horrific situation one is faced with when sentenced to death and sent to death row, it has been proven that the practice of the death penalty is akin to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment: whether it be the methods of execution, the living conditions of detainees or the death row syndrome which is a form of psychological torture for the condemned, their families and/or loved ones.Professor Manfred Nowak was the first UN Special Rapporteur to work on the intricate connections between the absolute prohibition of torture and the abolition of the death penalty. Although opposition of the international community was very strong at the time, his successor Juan Mendes continued his research with great success and came to the conclusion that an international law custom was being established: one that considers that the application of the death penalty amounts to an act of torture in all circumstances.The death penalty is a form of tortureThe link between torture and the death penalty is particularly obvious when considering the living conditions on death row: insufficient access to food or medical care, isolation, the restricted amount of visits and support from family and relatives. This link becomes even more apparent when looking at the situation of convicted women, and was the primary inspiration for this year's World Day, which focused on "Living conditions on death row".When taking the floor during the discussion, the NGO SUARAM related the account of a convicted man that summed it up very well: "During the 18 years I’ve spent in prison, waiting to be executed, I have only been visited by a judge 4 times!"In Chad, ACAT Chad recalled that with the adoption of a special anti-terrorist law (of which there is no real definition since some people are sentenced to death for ordinary crimes), convicted individuals are detained in the DST’s premises, deprived of access to either their families or their lawyers, cut off from the world, making it impossible for civil society to document their living conditions. Similarly, suspected terrorists are detained in a prison more than 1000 km from their court of jurisdiction, rendering credible investigations and a fair trials simply impossible.Limiting exports of products used by practitioners of torture and death penaltyIt was also reminded that some methods of execution may constitute acts of torture. It is for this reason that, in 2015, the European Union revised its Directive on the prohibition of the export of goods that could be used in acts of torture to include products used for lethal injections.Commissioner Malmstrom started the Global Alliance for Torture Free Trade in 2017 in parallel of the UNGA to encourage States to commit to greater control and limitation of the export of goods and products that could be used for torture or the death penalty. This alliance now includes 65 UN Member States and could eventually lead to the adoption of a legally binding convention: although it would not end torture nor the death penalty, it would make it more difficult for those who practice torture. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1681] => Array ( [objectID] => 4331 [title] => 3+4: Death Penalty Cases Now Jury Cases [timestamp] => 1542931200 [date] => 23/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/34-death-penalty-cases-now-jury-cases/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0cb84f1ae4813558f59975e8c8f8a295_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => On 24 April 2018, ‘The People’s Jury Law’ established a new judicial framework to deal with serious criminal cases, including death penalty cases. As of its enactment, death penalty cases in China are now jury cases. [texte] => A man by the name if Liu Chunlu started a fire inside a KTV bar back in April 2018, following an altercation he had with a waitress and, on a separate occasion, with another KTV patron.He was arrested the next day, and a few days later, ‘The People’s Jury Law’ was enacted, providing a new system to make rulings on severe criminal charges, including those punishable by the death penalty.On 11 September 2018, Liu was sentenced to death by a Guangdong court, making him the first man to be charged with capital punishment under the new law, which establishes a system dubbed “3+4”, standing for the requirement of having 3 judges and 4 jurors in rulings for cases listed in the bill.Article 17 stipulates that this system is to be applied for cases involving “prison sentences of 10 years or more, life sentences, death sentences and sentences for crimes with a big impact on society”.Interestingly, the previous draft incarnation of the law solely included cases involving “prison sentences of 10 years or more”, with death penalty cases being added prior to its official implementation.According to a law professor from the Shanghai Administration Institute, this move reflects the authorities’ intent to treat death penalty cases with a higher degree of caution and ensure the proper application of the law.Since then, a quota of 3 times the number of judges per court has been issued, which is to be submitted to the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress.Many big cities and provinces have subsequently turned to State media such as Xinhua and People’s Daily to announce their courts’ individual number of required jurors.China is famous for shrouding its use of the death penalty in secrecy, and although public opinion towards capital punishment is difficult to evaluate, the involvement of jurors in death penalty cases will undeniably affect the Chinese people’s stance towards the death penalty.In early November, China underwent the Universal Periodic Review at the UN, which saw a number of countries recommending that China ratifies the Second Optional Protocol, reduces the scope of the death penalty and, more generally, work towards the complete abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1682] => Array ( [objectID] => 26380 [title] => Behind the Curtain: Secrecy and the Death Penalty in the United States [timestamp] => 1542672000 [date] => 20/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/behind-the-curtain-secrecy-and-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Report published by the Death Penalty Information Center on secrecy and the death penalty in the United States. This report documents the laws and policies that states have adopted to make information about executions inaccessible to the public, to pharmaceutical companies, and to condemned prisoners. It describes the dubious methods states have used to obtain drugs, the inadequate qualifications of members of the execution team, and the significant restrictions on witnesses’ ability to observe how executions are carried out. It summarizes the various drug combinations that have been used, with particular focus on the problems with the drug midazolam, and provides a state-by-state record of problems in recent executions. It explains how government policies that lack transparency and accountability permit states to violate the law and disregard fundamental principles of a democratic government while carrying out the harshest punishment the law allows. [texte] => Round SeparatorSearch for:SearchSearchDeath Penalty Information CenterAboutFor the MediaResourcesFor EducatorsFact SheetDonateEmailTwitterFacebookInstagramLinkedInHomePolicy IssuesFacts & ResearchExecutionsDeath RowState & Federal InfoFacebook Share Tweet Tweet Email EmailBehind the Curtain: Secrecy and the Death Penalty in the United StatesPosted on Nov 20, 2018Lethal InjectionRead the Full ReportExecutive Summary Additional InformationExecutive SummaryUpDuring the past seven years, states have begun conducting executions with drugs and drug combinations that have never been tried before. They have done so behind an expanding veil of secrecy laws that shield the execution process from public scrutiny.As pharmaceutical companies have taken action to prevent states from using their medicines to execute prisoners, states have responded by procuring whatever drugs seem available and obtaining them secretly through questionable means.Since January 2011, legislatures in thirteen states have enacted new secrecy statutes that conceal vital information about the execution process. Of the seventeen states that have carried out 246 lethal-injection executions between January 1, 2011 and August 31, 2018, all withheld at least some information about the about the execution process. All but one withheld information about the source of their execution drugs. Fourteen states prevented witnesses from seeing at least some part of the execution. Fifteen prevented witnesses from hearing what was happening inside the execution chamber. None of the seventeen allowed witnesses to know when each of the drugs was administered.This retreat into secrecy has occurred at the same time that states have conducted some of the most problematic executions in American history. Lethal injection was supposed to be a more humane method of execution than hanging, the firing squad, or the electric chair, but there have been frequent reports of prisoners who were still awake and apparently experiencing suffocation and excruciating pain after they were supposed to be insensate. These problems have intensified with the use of new drug formulas, often including midazolam. In 2017, more than 60% of the executions carried out with midazolam produced eyewitness reports of an execution gone amiss, with problems ranging from labored breathing to gasping, heaving, writhing, and clenched fists. In several of these cases, state officials denied that the execution was problematic, asserting that all had proceeded according to protocol. But without access to information about drugs and the execution process, there is no way the public can judge for itself.Disturbing stories of botched executions are just one sign of the need for public scrutiny of lethal injection. Investigators who have managed to uncover hidden information have found evidence of illegal actions, misrepresentations to the courts and the public, and incompetence in the conduct of executions. States have repeatedly tried to conceal controversial information about executions, including the use of illegally imported drugs, less than reputable drug sources, and unqualified executioners. Without transparency, cases of incompetence or misconduct can continue unchecked.Governmental transparency is fundamental to democracy. The public has a right to know how its government is carrying out its business and whether the government is working honestly and competently, by and for the People. The Eighth Amendment requires that punishments imposed by the government conform to public standards of decency, but this is impossible to determine if crucial information about a punishment is kept from the public.Secrecy increases the risk of problems. It results in more botched and potentially problematic executions. Prisoners have a right to information about the execution process so that they can raise legitimate challenges to execution methods that may subject them to excruciating pain. Without this information, prisoners cannot meet the high burden of proof the courts have set out for challenging executions.This report documents the laws and policies that states have adopted to make information about executions inaccessible to the public, to pharmaceutical companies, and to condemned prisoners. It describes the dubious methods states have used to obtain drugs, the inadequate qualifications of members of the execution team, and the significant restrictions on witnesses’ ability to observe how executions are carried out. It summarizes the various drug combinations that have been used, with particular focus on the problems with the drug midazolam, and provides a state-by-state record of problems in recent executions. It explains how government policies that lack transparency and accountability permit states to violate the law and disregard fundamental principles of a democratic government while carrying out the harshest punishment the law allows.Additional InformationUpView DPIC’s Press Release for Behind the Curtain: Secrecy and the Death Penalty in the United StatesTAGS SecrecyJoin our mailing listEnter your email addressDeath Penalty Information CenterEmail Twitter Facebook Instagram LinkedInPolicy IssuesArbitrarinessCostsDeterrenceInnocenceIntellectual DisabilityInternationalJuvenilesLGBTQ+ PeopleMental IllnessProsecutorial AccountabilityRaceRepresentationSentencing AlternativesVictims' FamiliesFacts & ResearchFact SheetDeath Penalty CensusClemencyCrimes Punishable by DeathDPIC ReportsHistory of the Death PenaltyInnocence DatabaseMurder RatesPublic OpinionRecent Legislative ActivityReligionSentencing DataStudent Research CenterUnited States Supreme CourtExecutionsExecutions OverviewUpcoming ExecutionsExecution DatabaseMethods of ExecutionBotched ExecutionsLethal InjectionDeath RowDeath Row OverviewConditions on Death RowForeign NationalsNative AmericansTime on Death RowWomenState & Federal InfoState by StateFederal Death PenaltyMilitaryAboutAbout UsStaff & Board of DirectorsDPI in the MediaDPI TestimonyPress ReleasesWork for DPIFor the MediaResourcesRelated WebsitesPublications & TestimonyDPI PodcastsDPIC ReportsNew VoicesEn EspañolFor EducatorsHigh School CurriculumTeacher's GuideCollege CurriculumFact SheetDonateDeath Penalty Information Center | 1701 K Street NW, Suite 750 | Washington, DC 20006Phone: 202-289-2275 | Email: dpic@deathpenaltyinfo.orgPrivacy Policy | ©2024 Death Penalty Information CenterTweetFacebook [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/in-depth/behind-the-curtain-secrecy-and-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states ) [1683] => Array ( [objectID] => 4332 [title] => NGO Forum & The ACHPR: A broad overview of African prisons amidst tensions [timestamp] => 1542326400 [date] => 16/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ngo-forum-the-achpr-a-broad-overview-of-african-prisons-amidst-tensions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3c9b4657b3df3d50bfda9281a13c1132_2-1.jpg [extrait] => The NGO Forum, preceding the ACHPR session, was held from 20 to 23 October 2018, with “The Fight against Corruption” as its main topic. [texte] => Addressing living conditions on death rowIn the wake of the World Day against the Death Penalty, living conditions on death row in sub-Saharan Africa was at the heart of discussions during a side event organized by the World Coalition, FIACAT and FIDH.Members of the panel included Connie Numbi (FHRI, Uganda), Nestor Toko (Rights and Peace, Cameroon) and Jessica Corredor (World Coalition Against the Death Penalty). Moderation was provided by Mabassa Fall, FIDH representative to the African Union. The speakers presented the situation regarding the death penalty in their respective countries, with an emphasis on living conditions on death row.The FHRI representative explained that "Uganda has 28 offences that carry the death penalty. This is the highest number of offences punishable by the death penalty in the East African region." However, Uganda has not executed any prisoners since 2005 and the death row population has decreased significantly since the Susan Kigula ruling, which resulted in the abolition of the mandatory death penalty.Despite positive progress and efforts by the Ugandan prison administration, living conditions in Ugandan prisons still do not meet international standards. According to Connie Numbi, "the main problem detainees have to face is waiting. A poor person can wait up to 10 years before a court-appointed lawyer actually accepts his case." In addition to the waiting, there are also issues related to the clearly insufficient hygiene and medical services. Ms Numbi said that "most death row inmates are over 50 years old. They are vulnerable to diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Purchasing drugs is almost impossible and the government can only provide them to a certain extent. There is an inmate who is forced to wear diapers because of his diabetes, and he suffers because the government only provides them from time to time.”She nonetheless highlighted the government's efforts in terms of education and rehabilitation activities. Many female prisoners, illiterate before they entered prison, were able to learn how to read and write. Some, such as Susan Kigula or Paul Kakubi, have received scholarships from international organizations to study law.In Cameroon’s case, Mr. Toko gave the preliminary results of a death row investigation in Cameroon conducted by his organization in partnership with Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM). The picture painted by Maitre Toko of the 5 prisons they investigated is rather grim: hygiene-related problems are numerous and, like those sentenced to death in Uganda, prisoners receive inadequate medical attention.In addition to frequent problems with many prisons on the African continent, there is also the issue of prisoners convicted of terrorism, particularly in Maroua prison in northern Cameroon. The representative of Rights & Peace reported on the many abuses commited by prison staff, not only against detainees but also their families. "Especially for those sentenced to death for acts of terrorism, their visitors are intimidated and scammed by the Maroua prison staff. And even if visitors have received proper authorization, access to the prison is only granted after prolonged interrogations and systematic frisking. In addition, those sentenced to death for terrorist acts - mostly foreigners – get very few visits. Their families, for fear of being arrested for complicity in terrorism (and therefore suffering the same fate as their loved one) do not go to prison.Finally, the representative for the World Coalition expressed her concern about the situation of women sentenced to death, due to the many problems faced specifically by women. She then invited participants to read the report on the subject published by the Cornell University Center on the Death Penalty and the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.The audience then took the floor to ask various questions about the death penalty on the African continent and living conditions in prisons, but also to discuss the situation surrounding the death penalty in their respective countries: Algeria, DRC, Liberia, Kenya, Sudan and Tanzania.Mr. Mabassa Fall, FIDH representative to the African Union, concluded the session by recalling that the role of civil society is to educate and raise awareness, accompanying governments on the path to abolition. He also stressed the importance of advocating for the adoption of the Protocol to the African Charter on the abolition of the death penalty by the African Union.Corruption and judicial failuresAs in every NGO Forum preceding the ACHPR, the death penalty was discussed during the "Special Interest Groups" discussions, this time through the prism of the fight against corruption. Comprising representatives from Algeria, Togo, Cameroon, Kenya, Uganda, Mauritania and Uganda, the group was to address the impact of corruption on the application of the death penalty and subsequently issue recommendations.Participants noted the direct impact of corruption on the death penalty, particularly when the judiciary is subservient to the executive branch. Indeed, some political powers can use justice to silence any dissenting voices.In addition, most people facing the death penalty live in poverty and therefore cannot afford a competent lawyer. As a result, they are sentenced to the death penalty whereas the State should have guaranteed the right to legal representation via legal aid.Corruption also has a negative impact on prison conditions, particularly when prison budgets are diverted and the State is no longer able to meet its basic obligations, particularly in terms of food and health care.To this regard, the group made three main recommendations: promoting legislative reforms to bring justice closer to the people, increasing the capacities of judicial actors and civil society in the field of corruption and strengthening the independence of the judicial system.The 63rd session of the ACHPR in a context of threats to its independenceThe 63rd session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights took place from 24 October to 2 November. The session took place in amidst tensions between the Commission and civil society organizations due to the recent decision of the African Union to restrict the independence of the ACHPR.Indeed, in parallel of the 33rd Ordinary Session of the African Union held in Mauritania in June 2018, the Committee of Permanent Representatives of the African Union and the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights participated in a joint meeting where important decisions were taken on the functioning of the ACHPR. As stated in the decision, "the Executive Council emphasizes that the independence of the ACHPR is functional in nature and is not independent of the bodies that created it, while expressing its caution about the tendency of the ACHPR to act as an appellate body, thereby undermining national legal systems". The Executive Council also decided that "the work of the ACHPR should be aligned with [...] common African ideals, the institutional reform of the Union and the decisions of its governing bodies, while considering the virtues of the historical tradition and values of African civilization that should inspire and characterize their vision of the concept of human and popular rights.”The attending civil society organizations met to launch a campaign in support of an independent ACHPR. Following this meeting, the Banjul Declaration was drafted and sent to the ACHPR. The statement is available here. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1684] => Array ( [objectID] => 4333 [title] => Call for Moratorium on Executions Gains Record-High Support at Committee Vote [timestamp] => 1542326400 [date] => 16/11/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-moratorium-on-executions-gains-record-high-support-at-committee-vote/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fb6f2f8658a8cb74e36080d8ead9c37e_2-1-500x283.jpg [extrait] => Today the international community offered unprecedented support to a UN call to halt executions when the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly considered a draft resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => A total of 123 UN member states – the highest number on record to date – voted in favour of the proposal, mirroring recent increases in the number of countries that have abolished the death penalty in law or practice globally.A minority of countries, 36, voted against the proposal and 30 abstained at the vote. For the first time, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominica and Malaysia positively changed their vote to support the resolution, while Antigua and Barbuda moved from opposition to abstention. Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Mauritius, Rwanda and Seychelles once again voted in favour of the call for a moratorium on executions, after they did not do so in 2016. Only two countries negatively changed their votes compared to December 2016, with Bahrain switching from abstention to voting against and Suriname from voting in favour to abstention.The increase in the support for the draft resolution offers yet another indication that the world’s direction on the death penalty continues to be in favour of its eventual abolition. Since the adoption of the last UNGA moratorium resolution in 2016, indefinite stays of execution were put in place in Gambia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea and several other countries have taken important steps to move in this direction. In 2017 Guinea and Mongolia each abolished the death penalty for all crimes and Guatemala became abolitionist for ordinary crimes only. Burkina Faso was the last country to have removed the death penalty from its Criminal Code last June, while Gambia ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, last September. The weight of the death penalty is carried by an isolated group of countries. In 2017 executions were reported in 22 UN member states, 11% of the total. Of these executing countries, only 11, or 6%, were “persistent” executioners, meaning that they carried out executions every year in the previous five years.Community of Sant’Egidio made a table comparing the UN member states’ 2016 and 2018 vote on the moratorium: it can be accessed here. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1685] => Array ( [objectID] => 4334 [title] => Washington State Abolishes Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1540512000 [date] => 26/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/washington-state-abolishes-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9f375501776c588210b4f60be46d2f33_2-1-500x312.jpg [extrait] => On 11 October 2018, Washington became the 20th US state to abolish the death penalty: the court ruling, written by Chief Justice Mary E. Fairhurst, cited the “arbitrary and racially biased manner” in which the death penalty was applied as a violation of the state’s constitutional prohibition of “cruel punishment”. [texte] => The ruling was issued in the case of Allen Gregory, an African-American man sentenced to death for rape and murder: in the process of proving the death penalty’s unconstitutionality, the court referred to a 2014 study by Prof. Katherine Beckett from the University of Washington which showed that Washington jurors are 3 times more likely to recommend capital punishment for a black defendant than for a white defendant in a similar case.This historic decision comes after governor Jay Inslee’s 2014 moratorium on all executions, and makes Washington the 8th state to abolish the death penalty in the last 20 years. The Supreme Court Justices also decided to commute the death sentences of all 8 prisoners on death row to life imprisonment without possibility of release.The successful outcome of this case could not have been achieved without the efforts of all actors involved: lawyers, researchers, abolitonist NGOs, and activists, most notably the ACLU Washington. Attorneys Lila Silverstein of the Washington Appellate Project and Neil Fox represented Allen Eugene Gregory in his appeal to the state supreme court and brought the claims of constitutional error on his behalf. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1686] => Array ( [objectID] => 4335 [title] => Gambia commits to full abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1540512000 [date] => 26/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/gambia-commits-to-full-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9ed3819831df4549176c6c3e3bdbaa3d_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => On 28 September 2018, during the UN Treaty Event in New York, Gambia ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, aiming at the irreversible abolition of the death penalty, alongside the Convention Against Torture. [texte] => A year prior, on 21 September 2017, Gambia had signed the Second Optional Protocol to the International Convention for Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), during the 72nd General Assembly of the United Nations. Its ratification by Gambia now makes it binding, and comes after a string of execution in 2012, the first in 31st years, which brought a lot of criticism on the West African state.President Barrow stated that the ratification of the treaty was to reflect on the nation’s willingness to promote democratic values and commitment to “protect lives of political activists”. Gambia has yet to abolish the death penalty in its Criminal Code, but this is undoubtedly a huge step in the right direction.The Gambia is the 86th country to ratify this Protocol.Photo credit: Chatham House [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1687] => Array ( [objectID] => 4336 [title] => Hope resonates globally on World Day against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1540425600 [date] => 25/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hope-resonates-globally-on-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/698d18b703d88cc4858a9b01eb5d0c8e_2-1-500x275.jpg [extrait] => On 10 October 2018, abolitionist forces around the world celebrated the 16th World Day against the Death Penalty in a flurry of diverse activities and events meant to raise awareness on living conditions on death row. Activists in every continent mobilized civil society, challenged governments and reached out to the general public in a collective effort to promote and advance the common goal of universal, worldwide abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => This year’s theme was as mysterious to the general public as it is poignant: although death penalty cases are often featured in the media, living conditions on death row are rarely spoken of, and for those who saw the death penalty as a quick and easy solution against the most heinous crimes in their opinion, the realization that people on death row prisoners are subjected to cruel and degrading treatment as well as intense psychological torment may change their views, even if it is just a little.The German Coalition against the Death Penalty recently published artwork by people on death row, and Abdorrahman Boroumand Center released a collection of stories from death row, a punishment that “doesn’t end at the gallows” – regardless of whether you are against the death penalty or not, these stories, and all of the events that took place on World Day, are undeniable testimonies to the unspeakable horrors of death row.ASIA: MALAYSIA’S IMPENDING ABOLITION & “NO TIME TO SLEEP”Asia undoubtedly stepped into the limelight with Malaysia’s sudden announcement of a bill to abolish the death penalty, which has already been tabled at Parliament on October 15: this move is sure to have repercussions on Malaysia’s retentionist neighbors such as Thailand, Indonesia and Singapore.On the other hand, Taiwan having recently resumed executions, the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty actively commemorated this year’s World Day, organizing a commemoration event, a symposium at the National Taiwan University and an open forum featuring Saul Lehrfreund from Death Penalty Project and Shadow Brexit secretary Keir Starmer.In Pakistan, ”No Time to Sleep”, a 24-hour theater performance that was broadcast online for the world to see, received extensive media coverage, and was a resounding success: co-sponsored by Justice Project Pakistan, the play focused on the last 24 hours of ‘Prisoner Z’, showing the world the torment one goes through when waiting for one’s death.AFRICA: JOURNEY OF HOPE & EXTRAORDINARY LOCAL INITIATIVESMember organization Journey of Hope…From Violence to Healing went on a speaker’s tour around the Ugandan capital, visiting schools, appearing on local radio/TV shows and giving talks at the Ugandan Parliament and Makerere University. Journey of Hope also met with fellow World Coalition member Foundation for Human Rights Initiative at their commemoration event at Human Rights House in Nsambya: in cooperation with the EU, the latter also recorded songs written and performed by prisoners and released them on the radio and online for the world to enjoy.The MRU Youth Parliament in Sierra Leone visited the female correctional facility to document the detention experiences they face, and a two-day training session for lawyers was held in Lagos, organized by the Cornell Center and Avocats Sans Frontières. Also, a commemorative event was held at the University of Liberia, organized by the EU delegation to Liberia as well as ACAT, which featured students from the Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law partaking in public debates.Niger’s civil society was particularly active this year, a symposium by the Nigerien abolitionist movement, composed of the Nigerien Coalition against the Death Penalty (CONICOPEM), the National Union of Training and Education Officers (SYNAFEN), ACAT Niger (Action des Chrétiens pour l'Abolition de la Torture) and the NGO REPRODEVH-Niger brought together teachers, researchers, students, magistrates and human rights specialist to discuss living conditions of those sentenced to life imprisonment, as well as to support the draft Additional Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa. Also high school students in Maradi held a public reading of Victor Hugo’s “Last Day of a Convicted Man” and university students in Niamey organized a public debate and conference at the University of Niamey (featuring slam poet Althess for an artistic expression of our abolitionist views). MIDDLE-EAST AND NORTH AFRICA: THE URGENCY OF IRANThe MENA region was also home to a lot of events this year: in Lebanon, for instance, Association Justice & Mercy organized a Sports & Arts competition at the Roumieh Prison, temporarily relieving the prisoners of the pain they are inflicted with while on death row. The Moroccan Coalition against the Death Penalty held a press conference and sit-in in front of Parliament, and in Palestine, a sit-in took place in Ramallah. A report was published by the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies on military executions, and several other events also took place in Tunisia, Algeria and Bahrain.However, in light of the gravity of the situation, the Iranian civil society was arguably the most active in the region: 3 political prisoners detained in the women’s ward of Evin prison sent an open letter to the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran. Furthermore, 2,320 prisoners currently on death row in Iran signed a joint statement calling for the end of executions in Iran and denouncing their instrumentalization by the state. Radio France International also featured Mahmood Aliry-Moghaddam, co-founder of member organization Iran Human Rights, who argued against the death penalty and its alleged justification by Islamic law.The Iranian situation echoed around the world, with several reports issued on World Day.NORTH AMERICA AND CARIBBEANIn Dominica, the Bar Association organized a public speaking competition on the topic “Why should the death penalty be abolished?”, and member organization Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) presented a paper at a conference organized by the EU delegation and the High Commissioner of Australia to Trinidad & Tobago entitled "A dialogue on the death penalty in TT and the Caribbean: Moving Towards Abolition". GCL also screened the film ”The Penalty”; in cooperation RED Initiative and with the support of Amnesty International. St. Vincent & the Grenadines Human Rights Association (SVGHA) appeared in several radio broadcasts in SVG.In nearby Puerto Rico, vice-President of the Coalition Kevin Miguel Rivera Medina visited several universities to give talks and hold forums about the death penalty and living conditions on death row, most notably at Universidad del Turabo with Juan Melendez (Puerto Rican exoneree of Florida death row). Meanwhile, in Minneapolis, member organization Advocates for Life gave training for lawyers on capital punishment cases.In the UK, The Justice Institute Guyana and the Center for Small States organized a conference on “Challenging the Death Penalty in the Commonwealth Caribbean”. GCL's chair made a presentation at this conference via a video-link. at the same time, organizations in the region actively commemorated World Day as well.EUROPE: "LINDY LOU" & GARY DRINKARDIn a similar fashion, the film ”Lindy Lou, Juror #2”; (released on October 10 2018) was screened in Rhode Island and New Jersey in the US, while Lindy Lou herself accompanied by director Florent Vassault held several screenings in France, most notably at the Louxor in Paris sponsored by ECPM and in Malakoff and Montreuil, sponsored by ECPM, ACAT and Amnesty International. Another American abolitionist was touring France, namely Gary Drinkard from Witness to Innocence: partnering with ECPM, the death row exoneree intervened in several schools in Paris and then Brussels to raise awareness on the death penalty amongst French/Belgian youth, especially on what it is like to be on death row.Also in Paris, ECPM co-organized a conference on living conditions on death row at the Paris Bar, with guest speakers from Cameroon, Indonesia and America sharing their knowledge of conditions in their respective countries’ death row. During the event, the association Planète Réfugiés-Droits de l'Homme, co-organiser of the event, launched an initiative supported by the World Coalition for specific minimum standards of detention for people on death row, recognizing their specific vulnerabilities. Elsewhere in Europe, the Community of Sant’Egidio invited Susan Kigula, whose case in Uganda was of paramount importance to the abolitionist movement, to give speeches at the University of Antwerp in Belgium and the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands.AUSTRALIA: ‘GUILTY’ & STRATEGY FOR ABOLITIONAs part of its recent ‘Strategy for the Abolition of the Death Penalty’, Australian High Commissioners took the world by storm, publishing articles in local newspapers everywhere, most notably in Ghana, Kenya, Trinidad and Tobago and Thailand. Their work undoubtedly informs the public on the death penalty and nudges the world towards our long-standing goal of universal abolition.Australia’s contribution to World Day was also done on the national level: screenings of "Guilty";, a film about Bali 9 co-leader Myuran Sukumaran’s last days before his execution, took place around Australia, with events sponsored by the likes of Reprieve Australia, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch for a rock-solid effort to raise awareness on the horrors’ of the death penalty.The role of Human Rights Commissions is also not to be understated: in South Korea, a ‘Ceremony and Conference’ was co-held at the National Assembly of Korea by the Korean Civil Society Coalition for Abolishing Death penalty, Parliament Members and the National Human Rights Commission of Korea. Also in Asia, the Philippines’ Human Rights Commission organized a commemorative event as well, and the Pakistani Commission held events across the nation, its local chapters organizing public demonstrations, forums and public discussions in 9 different cities in Pakistan.The international political community came together in unison for a global call for abolition: governments across the world commemorated World Day via public statements supporting the abolition of the death penalty. Western countries such as France, Belgium, Austria, t [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1688] => Array ( [objectID] => 4337 [title] => First symposium on the abolition of the death penalty in Niger [timestamp] => 1539734400 [date] => 17/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/first-symposium-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-niger/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/57910230daa18621e2e384b359c17949_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => October 10 2018, Niamey, National Human Rights Commission CNDH NIGER. The Nigerien Coalition against the Death Penalty and the Nigerien abolitionist movement in Niger (SYNAFEN, NGO REPRODEVH NIGER, ACAT NIGER) organized the First National Symposium on the Contribution to the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Niger, following the theme "DIGNITY FOR ALL" and entitled: "Living Conditions of those under Life Imprisonment in Niger's prisons and pleading in favour of Niger's vote on the draft Additional Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa...", under the sponsorship of the President of the CNDH NIGER Professor KALID IKIRI. [texte] => The symposium was preceded by a press conference on October 8 2018 in the conference room of the French-Nigerien Cultural Center (CCFN NIGER), which aimed to announce activities related to the celebration of the 16th World Day against the Death Penalty in Niger to the media and law students' club of AMD University in Niamey.On its part, the symposium attracted a crowd of enthusiastic participants and new partners.To further promote the theme of World Day, thirty supervisors from the Niamey prison were invited under the guidance of the main manager to give the public an idea of living conditions of prisoners in the Niamey prison.The event was also joined by students, Ulemas representatives, women's associations, magistrates, lawyers, collectives of human rights associations, trade unions, parliamentarians, etc.Several speeches were made throughout the opening ceremony before the Minister in Charge of Relations with State Institutions, the representative of the Mediator of the Republic , the French Embassy and the EU Delegation to Niger, the representative of the NGO Grandir Dignement Niger who works with underage children in Nigerien prisons. We commend the following interventions:1. Welcoming address by Commissioner Mr. ALMOUSTAPHA MOUSSA IDE (CNDH);2. The Spanish Ambassador to Niger, Mr. Ricardo Mor Solá;3. The Belgian Embassy's representative, Mr. PIERRE CHARLIER;4. The President of the Nigerien abolitionist movement, the Nigerien Coalition and the NGO REPRODEVH NIGER, SYNAFEN AND ACAT NIGER, Mr. Moumouni ALFARI BALMA;5. CNDH NIGER, represented by Mr. MOUSSA HAMIDOU TALIBI acting as interim President.Following the speeches was the panel discussion about the aforementioned theme, moderated by GARBA ILLOU ALMOCTAR, President of the NGO REPRODEVH and Coordinator of the Colloquium, and joined by prominent teachers, researchers, magistrates, lawyers and abolitionist actors from Niger.HighlightsSponsored by the National Commission on Human Rights (CNDH NIGER), this symposium:• brought together about a hundred participants with different backgrounds, including: political leaders, preachers, students, researchers, journalists, prison administration staff, civil society and abolitionist actors, trade unions, NGOs, teachers, diplomatic missions, government officials, representatives of Niger's institutions, etc;• created a forum for discussion in favour of the abolition of the death penalty in Niger and advocated Niger's vote on the draft Additional Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa;• garnered significant media attention in Niger; and• was carried out/organized successfully.Difficulties:• Lack of financial and logistical resources;• Difficulties in getting abolitionist actors from the eight regions of Niger and international experts to participate;• Insufficient production of Nigerien death penalty documentation• Insufficient means to promote the eventNeeds : Financial and Logistical Resources1. Printing of the bulletin (notes from the symposium) and steering committee and experts of the symposium, for a wide dissemination of actions on the death penalty;2. Producing a documentary film accompanying the conference and web design for the Nigerien Coalition against the Death Penalty;3. Financing the activity program of the Nigerien coalition and institutional support. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1689] => Array ( [objectID] => 4338 [title] => Program Manager [timestamp] => 1539561600 [date] => 15/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/program-manager/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recruits a program manager for a full time permanent position starting in January 2019. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.Mission: 1. Defining, managing and evaluating actions, campaigns and projects: World Day against the Death Penalty:- Production and dissemination of information and mobilization tools- Production and dissemination of specific tools for specific target countries- Coordination of events organized all over the world- Social Media Campaign- Support for the activities of member organisations in target countries - Promotion of events with experts related to the theme Africa:- Initial training with all project partners- Participation in the ordinary sessions of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights the NGO forum- Organisation of advocacy missions in target countries - Organisation of advocacy missions to the African Union Countries at risk (Maldives, Philippines, Turkey):- Training of civil society in each target country- Production of tailored mobilisation tools- Monitoring of regional and international human rights mechanisms Barbados and the Easter Caribbean:- Follow-up of UPR with partners- Follow-up of the project with Greater Caribbean for Life and the Death Penalty Project (Speaking Tours, Newsletter…)2. Support for coordination of international advocacy (protocols, moratorium, joint submissions…)3. Support for the general coordination of the World Coalition (Steering Committee and General Assembly)4. Developing publications - Monitoring of the various publications and reports and strengthening the links with various service providers (authors, translators, external consultants, designers, printing companies, etc.). Experience required:- Minimum 5 years of professional experience in the field of human rights (preferably in a national, regional or international NGO)- Knowledge on the subject of the death penalty is desiredSkills and training:- A university degree in political science, international relations or international law and human rights;- Fluent in English and French; third working language would be preferable- Ability to work in a team and independently, discipline, attention to detail, ability to prioritise;- Availability to travel abroad.Conditions:- Salary based on qualifications and experience (gross salary: from 2,500 € per month)- Other benefits: contribution to the costs of transportation (50%) and meals (60%) Health Insurance- 35 working hours per week according to French law- Long term permanent contract - Based in the Paris region (France)To apply:The application must be sent in English or French to the World Coalition by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: Program Manager) before 15 November with:- A cover letter - A curriculum vitae- Contact information for two references (please include full name, function, e-mail address and telephone number)Interviews will be conducted during the week of 26 November 2018.Contract expected to start on 2nd January 2019, the latest, for a handover period of at least 2 weeks with the current Program Manager.The World Coalition is signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1690] => Array ( [objectID] => 25339 [title] => Italian Poster 2018 [timestamp] => 1539129600 [date] => 10/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Italien Poster 2018 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AfficheHD-JM2018-IT.pdf ) [1691] => Array ( [objectID] => 4339 [title] => Global overview of women facing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1539129600 [date] => 10/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/global-overview-of-women-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b35e9a662baa2f520817f8312a3c1301_2-1-500x260.jpg [extrait] => Launch of a groundbreaking report entitled "Judged for more than her crime: A Global Study on Women Facing the Death Penalty" [texte] => We estimate that at least 500 women are currently on death rows around the world. While exact figures are mpossible to obtain, we further estimate that over 100 women have been executed in the last ten years—and potentially hundreds more.This report aims to shed light on this much-neglected population. Few researchers have sought to obtain information about the crimes for which women have been sentenced to death, the circumstances of their lives before their convictions, and the conditions under which they are detained on death row. As a result, there is little empirical data about women on death row, which impedes advocates from understanding patterns in capital sentencing and the operation of gender bias in the criminal legal system. To the extent that scholars have focused on women on death row, they have concluded that they are beneficiaries of gender bias that operates in their favor.A much needed gender perspective While it is undeniable that women are protected from execution under certain circumstances (particularly mothers of infants and young children) and that women sometimes benefit from more lenient sentencing, those that are sentenced to death are subjected to multiple forms of gender bias.Most women have been sentenced to death for the crime of murder, often in relation to the killing of family members in a context of gender-based violence. Others have been sentenced to death for drug offenses, terrorism, adultery, witchcraft, and blasphemy, among other offenses. Although they represent a tiny minority of all prisoners sentenced to death, their cases are emblematic of systemic failings in the application of capital punishment.Conditions on death rowTo mark World Day against the Death Penalty on 10 October 2018, the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, Penal Reform International and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty are publishing a factsheet on prison conditions for women facing the death penalty.On the same day, 11 UN Special Rapporteurs published a call "Women and girls on death row require specific gender-based responses and policies".Living conditions on death row remain poor for both men and women; however, given that most facilities are designed with the majority male population in mind, the unique needs and vulnerabilities of women are overlooked.In countries that do not execute women, the prolonged length of their death sentences means that poor conditions have a disproportionate impact on their physical and mental well-being.Women serving death sentences are vulnerable to violence, particularly in prisons where male staff supervise them, or where prison authorities fail to protect them from violence at the hands of other prisoners. For example, in China, women prisoners (like their male counterparts) suffer at the hands of ‘cell trustees’, who control their cellmates through abusive means, sometimes leading to deaths.Despite the Bangkok Rules prohibiting the use of restraints on women who are pregnant, during labor or after birth, in Sudan, Meriam Ibrahim was shackled to heavy chains in prison while eight months pregnant and caring for a young child, and during childbirth.Similarly, death row prisoners are frequently held in solitary confinement, either by virtue of their sentence or as a disciplinary sanction. Despite limitations set down in the Mandela Rules, prolonged solitary confinement (which is prohibited) for women and men on death row has been reported in China, Indonesia, Jordan, India and the United States. Evidence shows that solitary confinement brings unique harms and dangers to women prisoners. This is linked to the disproportionately high rates of mental illness and trauma from past abuse suffered by women in prison.Prisons generally fail to provide women with female-specific healthcare and deprive them of necessary hygienic products. For those serving long terms in prison, healthcare needs become greater and more complex – including mental ill-health and complications from lack of hygiene – and particularly in overcrowded facilities or where health provision is lacking.Many prisons do not proactively provide healthcare and hygiene adequate for women’s menstruation. The lack of menstruation care is compounded by tzelack of privacy and washing and bathing facilities in most prisons. Moreover, sanitary napkins, when provided, are sometimes withheld as punishment.RecommendationsThe report and the factsheet end with recommendations for stakeholders to address urgent issues affecting women in prison generally, and particularly women on death row.It highlights for example the need for more transparency, for more research on root causes and structural, systemic discrimination against women in society, for more monitoring of government and prison compliance with international human rights standards in relation to women on death row and to support family visits to women in prison, including by helping to transport family and children to visit their relatives in prison.Photo credit: Kulapa Vajanasara, Women Prison Reform, Mahidol University (Cover photograph of the report) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1692] => Array ( [objectID] => 4340 [title] => Web-Editor [timestamp] => 1539043200 [date] => 09/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/web-editor/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is recruiting a Web-editor/Editorial Webmaster for its website. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition is striving to achieve this aim by lobbying international organisations and States; by organising international campaigns, including the World Day Against the Death Penalty; and, by supporting national and regional abolitionist forces.MissionThe World Coalition has a website in seven languages (French/ English/ Arabic/ Spanish/ Russian/ Farsi/ Chinese) partly devoted to news of those taking action against the death penalty (www.worldcoalition.org). A “news” page presents the initiatives contributing to reducing the application of the death penalty all around the world. The World Coalition has also developed web pages dedicated to the campaigns of its members and strategies for social media, including Facebook and Twitter, to raise awareness among a wider audience. The World Coalition is looking for a Web-Editor/Editorial Webmaster who will have to: - Participate in the development of a new Website and follow-up with the developers and the director;- Participate in the creation of multimedia and multilingual editorial content (one editorial meeting with the staff a month);- Order, write, proofread, validate, and publish translated articles (4 articles a month on average);- Publish a monthly newsletter in English and French (identify topics, compile and present the information in the newsletter, put out and send the letter to subscribers and update the list of subscribers);- Manage issues related to the structure of the site (possible bugs, ...) and report to the director when web development is needed;- Manage the relationship with external applications (DailyMotion, Youtube, Flickr, Facebook, Twitter, Dlvr, Google Account, Instagram...);- Manages the Google grant and the adds in 7 languages on a monthly basis;- Facilitating online communities (monitoring once a week on average).Profile / experience- Writing Skills- Editorial Skills- Animation of Websites- Excellent knowledge of French and English. Knowledge of another language is a plus- Knowledge of server technologies as a user (PHP / Databases, HTML).- Knowledge of basic tools of image and video processing (photoshop, editing online videos, etc.).- Knowledge of social media (Facebook, Twitter, ...)- Knowledge of Google Add GrantsConditions- Freelance Contract- The World Coalition accepts the following legal status: Self-Employed or Company.- Remuneration will be worked based, upon presentation of invoices according to the terms and conditions previously agreed with the World Coalition.- Estimated average working time: from four to eight hours per week.To Apply:Applications should be sent by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: Web-Editor) before 5 November 2018 with:- A cover letter - A curriculum vitae- Contact information for two references (please include full name, function, e-mail address and telephone number)The World Coalition is a signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1693] => Array ( [objectID] => 4341 [title] => Program and Admin Assistant (Trainee) [timestamp] => 1539043200 [date] => 09/10/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/program-and-admin-assistant-trainee-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recruits an intern for a period of 6 months starting in September 2019. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.Main tasks:The World Coalition is recruiting an intern for a period of 6 months. The Intern will be in charge of:• Assisting the staff for the preparation of the international campaigns of the World Coalition and for the update of the Website: www.worldcoalition.org;• Participating in the logistics of World Coalition’s meetings and in the day-to-day management of the organisation.Qualifications:An internship agreement with a university is compulsory• University degree in human rights, law, political sciences or humanities;• Good organisational and writing skills; • Perfect knowledge in one of the following languages: English or French, spoken and written, and working knowledge of the other language required;• Good computer knowledge and skills, in particular Microsoft Office and the Internet; • Willingness to work in a multicultural environment;• Familiarity with topics related to human rights and the death penalty is an asset;• Good knowledge of another language would be a plus.We offer:• An international working environment• Internship allowance of 577,5 per month with an Internship agreement• Contribution to transportation fees • Lunch vouchers2,5 days leave per monthTo apply:Applications should be sent in English or French to the World Coalition by email at recrutement@worldcoalition.org (Ref: Internship) before 10 June 2019 with:• A cover letter • A curriculum vitaeThe World Coalition is a signatory to the Charter of Diversity. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1694] => Array ( [objectID] => 4342 [title] => Kenya’s new taskforce to review death penalty laws [timestamp] => 1536624000 [date] => 11/09/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/kenyas-new-taskforce-to-review-death-penalty-laws/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7f88f0e582c8c7296e0f99277a4d35f3_2-1-500x215.jpg [extrait] => In December 2017, two Kenyan men challenged the legality of capital punishment at the Supreme Court, which resulted in Chief Justice Marage declaring the « mandatory nature of the death sentence » unconstitutional. Following this groundbreaking statement, the Taskforce on the Review of the Mandatory Nature of the Death Penalty was appointed on March 15 2018. [texte] => Wilson Thirimbu Mwangi and Francis Karoki Muruatetu Thirimbu were convicted of murder in 2003 and subsequently sentenced to death. Although their sentence had already been commuted in 2009, they still went on to challenge the constitutionality of the death penalty at Kenya's Supreme Court.In the past, the Kenyan government has commuted the death sentences of over 4000 and 2747 inmates in 2009 and 2016 respectively, and although no execution has been recorded since 1987, the country has yet to abolish the death penalty.However, following Chief Justice Marage’s historic declaration, courts were subsequently given discretion on sentencing similar cases, and the Supreme Court gave the Attorney General and other relevant institutions 12 months to work on a detailed review of the legislative framework surrounding the death penalty.Taskforce on the Review of the Mandatory Nature of the Death PenaltyOn March 15 2018, Attorney-General Githu Muigai appointed the Taskforce on the Review of the Mandatory Nature of the Death Penalty to complete the work, led by Maryann Njau-Kimani and currently composed of 3 sub-committees, each one assigned to a specific issue, namely sentence rehearing, the parameters of life imprisonment and legislative reforms. In a draft report for public participation, the taskforce suggested that all concerned inmates should undergo sentence rehearing and provided the basic framework for such a process. According to the African Prison Project (APP), there has been a huge number of inmates who have filed petitions in different courts: as of now, several high courts across the country have started the reviewing process and over 20 cases have successfully been resentenced, amounting to an average period of imprisonment of 15 years. In reviewing the parameters of life imprisonment, the taskforce studied the jurisdictions of 21 other countries, and proposed a new categorization of offences punishable by life imprisonment: “aggravated” murders would yield no possibility of parole, whereas “simple”, “second degree” and “manslaughter” offences are eligible for parole after serving 25 years, 20 years and two thirds of the sentence respectively. However, devising potential legislative reforms has proven to be a contentious issue between the taskforce’s main advisor, the Kenya Law Reform Commission (KLRC), and members of the civil society: although the latter suggested that the death penalty be removed “in its entirety”, it concluded that the Kenyan Constitution “permits the death penalty if provided by law”, considered by some as a misreading of the constitution. Furthermore, the replacement of the death penalty by mandatory sentences for certain crimes has been subject to criticism. The taskforce has also visited prisons and met with inmates to gather their views on the matter: the resulting analysis of death row prisoners with respect to their socioeconomic background showed that the death penalty disproportionately affects those with lower income and lower level of education, thus proving yet again the discriminatory nature of the death penalty.An Ongoing Debate Surrounding the Death Penalty in KenyaThe creation of the taskforce coincides with the new Strategic Plan 2018-2023 of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR), but debate around the death penalty rages on: earlier in August, the Taskforce held an open forum to tackle the divisive issue; a few days later, Ms. Chivusia, the KNCHR Commissioner, gave a speech for Prisoners Justice day on August 10 during which she declared that “Capital punishment in Kenya commonly known as the Death Penalty remains a subject that has elicited a lot of debate on the approach that the country should take either towards its abolition or retention.”At the same time, the KNCHR stated on Twitter that it “shall continue advocating for Kenya to join the 106 states around the world including 20 African states that have abolished the death penalty both in law and practice.”If the taskforce’s recommendations are adopted this coming December, 838 prisoners on death row will have their sentences commuted, among other changes. As of March this year, there were 838 persons on death row - 789 men and 129 women. Image: KNCHR [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1695] => Array ( [objectID] => 4343 [title] => Overcoming the isolation of the people sentenced to death and their relatives [timestamp] => 1536537600 [date] => 10/09/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/overcoming-the-isolation-of-the-people-sentenced-to-death-and-their-relatives/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8f0f10e0061b73608d13f06071237321_2-1.png [extrait] => One of the observations made by the World Coalition while doing the preliminary work for this year’s World Day, is the isolation in which the people sentenced to death might live. [texte] => In order to avoid that the people on death row sink into oblivion, we encourage you to contact those who suffer from the living conditions on death row: the person sentenced to death, the families and relatives, as well as the lawyers. There are many ways in which the civil society organisations can support the people sentenced to death and its relatives: by sending support messages, establishing a pen pal relationship with a person sentenced to death, organising a prison visit to report on the conditions of detention and meeting with the prisoners to hear bout their needs…You can also organize a prison visit, following the World Coalition's guidelinesWe can help you contact people on death row, families and relatives and member organisations that have expertise in that field, having access to prisons, but also organisations that coordinate correspondence with people on death row around the world.If you wish to send support messages to a prisoner on death row, his/her family, relatives, or lawyer:► Contact the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty to know about the organisations that work directly with the people sentenced to death and/or their families► Get in touch with the organisation, who will guide you through the process► Send your support messages► Invite others to do so!If you wish to go further and establish a pen pal relationship with a person on death row:► First of all, you should be willing to commit to the pen pal relationship you are about to engage in: this means you need to write regularly, invest the time it requires, respond to the letters and if possible, not putting an end to the pen pal relationship.► Once you have decided that you want to engage in this activity, get in contact with the World Coalition to know about the organisations that work directly with the people sentenced to death and that work specifically arranging pen pal relationships.► Contact the organisation and enquire about requirements, the do’s and the don’ts► Write your letter [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1696] => Array ( [objectID] => 4344 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2018! [timestamp] => 1536537600 [date] => 10/09/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2018/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2cbd096c373c056ac5544881e9771657_2-1-500x358.png [extrait] => Check what you can do for 10 October. Browse the calendar of events and the map to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day. [texte] => Take action now! The 16th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. > Organising an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on our Calendar of events! (Please send us: event title, date, time, location, short description and a web link to the event)> Spread the word on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram: #nodeathpenalty> Click on the map to check the events near you and browse the schedule below to find out what is happening in your country: > Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organize an event, etc. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1697] => Array ( [objectID] => 4345 [title] => Abolitionist activities, criminal policy at the heart of abolition [timestamp] => 1533081600 [date] => 01/08/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-activities-criminal-policy-at-the-heart-of-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f6ebe0727798b618c016e63643155174_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => On 30 June 2018, as a side event to the 2nd National Congress of Réseau des avocats contre la peine mort (RACPM), a conference was organised under the title "Death Penalty and Criminal Policy". Morocco seemed eager to match its Tunisian neighbour, which had recently proposed, with the Commission on Individual Freedoms and Equality, abolishing the death penalty. [texte] => This conference organized by the Moroccan Prison Observatory (OMP) and RACPM in partnership with Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM) and the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty is part of the OMP's policy for "a reform of the criminal and prison legal system guaranteeing the protection of the human rights and dignity of prisoners".Recognition of the right to life in Morocco (Article 20 of the Constitution) an antinomy to the country's criminal policyBy organising this conference, OMP wishes to relaunch dialogue on criminal policy and the death penalty. In Morocco, although article 23 of the Constitution guarantees the right of detainees and article 20 recognizes the right to life, no compliance has been initiated to abolish the death penalty, which is still imposed by the courts. Morocco has been under a de facto moratorium since 1993, and in 2017, more than 15 people were sentenced to death and 112 are currently detained on death row. The OMP and its partners wished to broaden the network and the reflection on the issue of the abolition of the death penalty in order to bring criminal policy into line with the Constitution. Of course, advocacy plays an important role and participants wished to recall the role of civil society and lawyers in the struggle for abolition.World Day Against the Death Penalty to be debatedAs every year since 2003, on 10 October, the World Coalition against the Death Penalty has established the World Day against the Death Penalty.This year the theme for 2018 is living conditions on death row. This debate is very relevant and a huge number of associations and organizations have been mobilized by sending testimonies for the preparation of the Day or by preparing events for 10/10/2018.At the conference on 30 June 2018, following the programme which involved several personalities from Moroccan institutions - parliamentarians and representatives of civil society - the debates focused in part on the living conditions on death row. It has emerged that it is becoming important to raise awareness among the general public through civil society and to implement additional studies on the situation of persons sentenced to death in order to assess their conditions of detention and the reality they face.Discussions then concluded with the following recommendations:• Continued efforts to reform criminal policy;• Given the weakness of the legislative initiative, it was recommended that work be done to establish an advocacy and awareness programme for elected representatives;• The implementation of the provisions of the 2011 Constitution, and in particular, the implementation of the right of Petition.• Lead a campaign for the vote on the UN resolution on the moratorium on the abolition of the death penalty to be held at the United Nations in December 2018;• To plead for the stopping of the pronouncements of death sentences by the Moroccan courts;• The implementation of a profound reform of the criminal legal arsenal, exempt from the death penalty;• The implementation of the recommendations of the UN committees concerning the ratification of the 2nd Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;• Implementation of the Commission's recommendations concerning ratification of the Second Protocol and the Rome Statute;• Improving the conditions of those sentenced to death, pending the change of death sentences to limited alternative sentences, also excluding life sentences considered equally inhuman;• Increase efforts to broaden public debate;• Increase initiatives for the implementation of awareness and education programmes on the right to life.• Energize and encourage networking among civil society actors, lawyers, parliamentarians, health, cultural and other stakeholders. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1698] => Array ( [objectID] => 4346 [title] => Lindy Lou Juror #2 [timestamp] => 1532995200 [date] => 31/07/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/lindy-lou-juror-2/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/05cea73611e48ffa22c6d7fa7f4fcca8_2-1-500x253.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the screening of the movie Lindy Lou Juror number 2 on Monday 25 June 2018, abolitionist associations such as Amnesty International, ACAT France, Together Against The Death Penalty French Collectif Free Mumia! and the World Coalition against the Death Penalty met at the Centre Wallonie Bruxelles in Paris. [texte] => Jurors operating in the shadow of criminal justiceIt must be admitted this film directed by Florent Vassault does not look like an abolitionist and militant documentary. The passion that animates this film and the feelings that inhabit the viewer throughout the 84 minutes are not those of activism but those of understanding and desire to speak. To speak simply, humanly, sincerely, without hesitation, and to discuss about the death penalty.Lindy Lou, the main protagonist in this documentary, was juror on a murder case in Mississippi. In 1994, its 11-member jury (plus an alternate) sentenced a man, Bobby Wilcher, to death.For Lindy Lou this week was trying and changed her life. Her meeting with Florent Vassault allows her to reflect on the feelings that have inhabited her since then. Originally the director was thinking of building the movie around Lindy Lou, which she would tell the jury, the stages they went through before pronouncing the death sentence. In reality, as the documentary and the meetings that follow, the film is based more on "the twenty years that followed, on how this decision [the pronouncement of the death penalty] worked for these men and women.”A different target, a wider audienceThis documentary is therefore neither abolitionist nor militant, created not to justify the abolition of the death penalty but to focus on an audience that we have little tendency to listen to in the abolitionist field (and for reason). Florent Vassault makes the bet to mediatize differently this white America of Trump of the rich districts. Far from remaining focused on the usual clichés (firearms, racism, etc.), this documentary also opens the minds of those people who live and see things differently. The public could then be varied, abolitionist, retentionist, sceptical, Lindy Lou herself was not against the death penalty.What is important in this documentary is the impact of this conviction on these 11 people... an impact more or less strong in some, one of the jurors having forgotten everything, not even remembering the conviction.An underlying question on abolition educationBeyond the people directly affected by the conviction of Bobby Wilcher, his family and certain members of the jury, the documentary deals with a more distant audience. The jury family. They experienced the pain and suffered seeing their mother, in Lindy Lou's case, torture herself for over twenty years. It would seem that educating one's relatives when one has had such an experience is beneficial in raising their awareness of the issue of abolition. Thus, one of the questions that constantly emerges is the one of the first scene where Lindy Lou asks her 13-year-old granddaughter, "Could you sentence a man to death?” The answers are varied and never very precise. This scene echoes one of the last scenes in the documentary in which Lindy Lou meets the president of her jury, Kenneth Branch, juror #1, and talks with him, his wife and daughter. The latter explains that she could not sentence a man to death, that "it does not belong to me"; Lindy Lou in the background retorts"nor to the State".This last scene allows everyone to really think about who this decision should belong to, if not to anyone.For more informations: Associations contact : Phillippe Hagué, hague.philippe@gmail.comDistribution: JHR films 09.50.45.03.62 - info@jhrfilms.com [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1699] => Array ( [objectID] => 4347 [title] => The Sunny Center [timestamp] => 1532908800 [date] => 30/07/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-sunny-center/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/455de6e7ea1f204a5f2b83153bdb8a15_2-1-500x249.png [extrait] => “Extraordinary things can happen to ordinary people and still be OK »The Sunny Center is a place like no other place in the world. Perched on the top of a hill, it is surrounded by lakes and hills that multiply as far as the eye can see. The landscape is breath-taking. But the landscape is nothing compared to the founders of the Sunny Center. Sunny Jacobs, 72, and Peter Pringle, soon 80, began welcoming innocent people into their homes in 2011. [texte] => Sunny and Peter were both wrongly convicted. Sunny was sentenced to death in Florida along with her partner at the time in 1976 and spent 17 years in prison. Peter was sentenced to death in Ireland in 1980 and spent 15 years in prison. Both convictions were overturned, and they were released. They met at an antideath penalty conference in Ireland late 1990’s, fell in love and got married.That is why they do the work they do with the exonerees: they are happy together and were able to rebuild a life. Not everyone does.“We want these people to know that they are something else than what happened to them”They both know what it is like to spend 15, 20 years in prison and to leave that prison totally devoid of everything in the social, economic and even emotional level. Without family and friends, it is very difficult to find support and therefore to get by. And to this is added the feeling of betrayal and bitterness to have had so many years of their lives stolen from them. The Sunny Center is, as the founders call it “ a sanctuary, providing exonerees with immediate, spiritual, emotional and physical support, with the goal of assisting them with overcoming the trauma, isolation, and disconnection resulting from wrongful incarceration.” A place where the exonerees can heal from their wounds. The work that Sunny and Peter do is extraordinary. It is unique.A normal day at the Sunny CenterI had the pleasure to stay with Sunny and Peter in the spring and to experience what any other visitor experiences while staying with them. That is, Sunny and Peter’s daily life, which makes you feel as part of the family right away.Peter gets up at around 8 am, Sunny a bit later. Then they go to the goats’ shed to feed, let them out and milk them if necessary. They will milk the goat just enough to bring her relief. Then, the hens are fed.They come back to the house and Peter will rest while Sunny makes the fresh goat cheese. This takes about an hour, as everything must be rinsed and sterilized. After the cheese is done, it’s meditation time. Before noon they will have a very nutritious breakfast. And, as Sunny says, “after that, half of the daily work is already done”.After lunch they’re both busy with their activities: Peter will be doing some ground work or house work while Sunny works at her desk. She replies to emails, makes phone calls and reads about all the things she’s interested in on the Internet. “ She’s and endless source of knowledge” as Peter will say.During this time, the visitors can take the dogs for a walk or spend some time by themselves or with a friend from the region that Sunny and Peter have introduced them to. Then we have lunch. After lunch, Sunny goes to the green house, cleans it up a bit and grabs the vegetables for diner. Peter will continue his work until it is time to cook and have diner. After diner, Peter goes outside and puts the animals to bed. Finally, it is time for Peter to “ prepare the berries”. In the evening we sat in their living room, eat the berries and talk until it’s time for them to go to bed.Feeling as a part of the family, being part of the routine of the Sunny Center, meditating with them, doing yoga and, most of all, spending time with Sunny and Peter will help the exoneree “take out all the bitterness” which is a first step towards a new beginning. The future of the Sunny CenterAs a small organization which did not start as one, Peter and Sunny are constantly learning and evolving. But what The Sunny Center struggles the most with is finding the funds to grow as its founders would like to: “in an ideal situation, we would have a lot more space, two separate buildings, an art workshop, so that those who come can explore their creativity”.The Sunny Centre works thanks to the donations of many people who support their cause, although the largest donation they have ever had does not exceed $5,000. Sunny and Peter would like to find a philanthropist who is willing to support their project over the long term. “we would like to expand, but not for ourselves, but to expand the work we do... if we have the funding, we can do the rest. But we don't have the funds”.Sunny thinks another priority is establishing solidarity networks for when the exonerees go back home. Many of them have to live in shelters for the homeless or halfway houses when they go out of prisons. They are constantly dealing with how to survive the next day. For this purpose, they have initiated the first exonerees community in the USA.To perpetuate the Sunny Center, Sunny and Peter would like to teach other exonerees how to do the work that they do. Their work is expanding to the rest of the World, but they need your help!There are many ways in which you can help the Sunny Center: volunteer, make a donation or even pledge air miles. You can find more information here: http://www.thesunnycenter.com/help-us.htmlIf you want more information about the Sunny Center, please visit their website: http://www.thesunnycenter.com/You can also watch this short video: https://youtu.be/uCPb7qoZzdg [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ireland ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1700] => Array ( [objectID] => 4348 [title] => Launching of death penalty abolition project in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean [timestamp] => 1532476800 [date] => 25/07/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/launching-of-death-penalty-abolition-project-in-barbados-and-the-eastern-caribbean/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3a41a515a7b940550e1252dd4ea789ef_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => The 22 and 23 June 2018, the Greater Caribbean for Life, the Death Penalty Project, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Human Rights Association, the University of the West Indies and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty met in Barbados to launch their joint three year project in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean. [texte] => The objective of this event was to allow the partners of the project funded by the European Union to meet and set strong basis for their collaboration in the fight for the abolition of the death penalty in the region.The opening of the meeting, chaired by David Berry, dean of Law of the University of the West Indies was attended by around 30 people including the partners of the project, law students of the Cave Hill campus, but also representatives from the European Union and the United Nations in Barbados. After the opening, several sessions took place, where the partners of the project presented the different activities that they will develop within the three years: a study and a survey, mobilization kits, information tools, UPR shadow reports, speaking tours as well as films and documentary screenings.Dr. Lloyd Barnett, member of the Greater Caribbean for Life’s board, addressed the issue of the importance of having a revitalised strategy for the anti-death penalty movement. The population in the Caribbean is young and they need to be aware of the inconsistencies and injustice of the death penalty. The message that this project should promote is, in his own words “You cannot protect life by promoting death”.For his part, Saul Lehrfreund, Co-director of the Death Penalty Project, explained that the project will also focus on the need to rebut the argument for death penalty based on public opinion. In this sense, he stated: “It is important to inform the general public as much as possible but public opinion should not avoid political leaders from taking action”. Furthermore, although an important part of the project will focus on the political elites in the Eastern Caribbean, Leela Ramdeen, Chair of the Greater Caribbean for Life, highlighted that the awareness raising is not only essential, but complementary to the work with the political elites. The Greater Caribbean for Life and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty will focus on strengthening and mobilising civil society, and lauched a call for actions in the region. To this end country representatives from the Eastern Caribbean states: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, as well as Saint Vincent and the Grenadines were also invited to the meeting with the purpose of creating a strong civil society movement in each one of the countries The second day was fully devoted to a training for the country representatives. It started with a tour de table, where each representative presented the situation of the death penalty in their country and the obstacles to its abolition. The three main obstacles that came out of the discussion are public opinion, political will and the lack of awareness raising.The purpose of the training was to work on how to overcome the obstacles. To this end, the facilitator presented case studies on successful strategies for the abolition of the death penalty. Later on, the participants worked on a concrete advocacy strategy and presented the events that they are planning for World Day against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1701] => Array ( [objectID] => 4349 [title] => Call for actions in Barbados and Eastern Caribbean [timestamp] => 1531180800 [date] => 10/07/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-actions-in-barbados-and-eastern-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As part of a joint project which aims to create a platform for death penalty reform in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, the Greater Caribbean For Life (GCL) and the World Coalition are lanching a call for actions. [texte] => In the framework of this project, GCL and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty want to support a civil society movement for the abolition of the death penalty in Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent & the Grenadines.To do so, the GCL and the World Coalition are launching a call for actions on the issue of the death penalty and will help finance activities lasting between 3 – 12 months with small grants from EUR 1,000 to EUR 3,000 (EC Dollar: 3,175 – 9,525 or BBD: 2,350 – 7,050).You fill find the call attached. Please note that the call is only for people or organizations based in the countries mentioned above.The deadline for applications is August 20, 2018.All applications must be sent to: ecs@worldcoalition.orgDo not hesitate to circulate the call within your networks!For more information, please contact: ecs@worldcoalition.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1702] => Array ( [objectID] => 4350 [title] => Regarding the execution in Japan of seven people [timestamp] => 1531180800 [date] => 10/07/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/regarding-the-execution-in-japan-of-seven-people/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/bd5131a6ec00afa1cde84e76f340950f_2-1-500x274.jpg [extrait] => STATEMENT – WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty would like to express its sympathy and support to all courageous anti-death penalty activists who have fought bravely to try to prevent the executions of seven people in Japan on the same day, on 6 July. The World Coalition calls […] [texte] => STATEMENT – WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty would like to express its sympathy and support to all courageous anti-death penalty activists who have fought bravely to try to prevent the executions of seven people in Japan on the same day, on 6 July.The World Coalition calls on Japanese authorities to immediately stop all executions and to respect its obligations under international law.The World Coalition opposes the death penalty in all circumstances because:- It is irrevocable. No justice system is safe from judicial error and innocent people are likely to be sentenced to death.- It is inefficient and does not keep society safe. It has never been conclusively shown that the death penalty deters crime effectively than other punishments.- It is unfair. The death penalty is discriminatory and is often used disproportionately against people who are poor, people with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, and members of racial and ethnic minority groups. In some places, the imposition of the death penalty is used to target particular groups based on sexual orientation, gender identity, political opinion, or religion.- Not all murder victims’ families want the death penalty. A large and growing number of victims’ families worldwide reject the death penalty and are speaking out against it, saying it does not bring back or honor their murdered family member, does not heal the pain of the murder, and violates their ethical and religious beliefs.- It creates more pain. Particularly for the relatives of the person sentenced to death who will be subjected to the violence of forced mourning.- It is inhuman, cruel, and degrading. Conditions on death row and the anguish of facing execution inflict extreme psychological suffering, and execution is a physical and mental assault.- It is applied overwhelmingly in violation of international standards. It breaches the principles of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that everyone has the right to life.- It is counterproductive. By establishing the killing of a human being as a legal solution, the death penalty promotes the idea of murder more than it fights against it.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition is striving to achieve these aims by supporting its member organisations, local, national and regional abolitionist forces and by coordinating the international advocacy towards worlwide abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition has also made 10 October the World Day Against the Death Penalty. In 3 months now, it will focus on living conditions on death row. More information: www.worldcoalition.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1703] => Array ( [objectID] => 4351 [title] => Mass convictions and executions fuel terrorism in Iraq [timestamp] => 1530057600 [date] => 27/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mass-convictions-and-executions-fuel-terrorism-in-iraq/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/bb0d23b5de613e9e13bf74e61e829b64_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => Mass executions in Iraq since 2017 seem to hide behind the scourge of terrorism, the major argument given by the current government. Will May 2018 elections defeat this government policy and the misuse of the country's anti-terrorism law to sentence to death? [texte] => On January 24th, 2017 Amnesty international reported that 31 people were executed for their part in a massacre in 2014. Then, on September 25th, 2017 the organisation reported that 42 people had been executed for terrorist acts and on December 14th, 2017 38 people had been executed for similar acts. The Iraqi government seems to make up losses caused by the war against terrorist organisations by mass executions.Following the announcement, Lynn Maalouf, Director of Research for Amnesty International in the Middle East, said “By carrying out yet another mass execution, the second in the span of three months, the Iraqi authorities have once again displayed a blatant disregard for human life and dignity.”The past continues to fill prisonsSince the 2000s, prisons in Iraq have been overcrowded. Associated Press recalled that more than 6,000 prisoners are serving prison sentences in connection with events prior to 2013.Today the waves of arrests, convictions and executions in Iraq are mainly due to the war (since 2013) against the Islamic State Organisation (self-proclaimed). Indeed, Iraq is exposed because of its territory and undergoes regular attacks with Syria by the terrorist organisation. Since 2013, Associated Press and Human Rights Watch have documented that approximately 20,000 people have been arrested under Iraq’s Terrorism law. According to The Associated Press, 3,130 people have been sentenced to death for terrorism since 2013.This law maintains the overcrowding Iraqi’s prison and the lack of judicial guarantees sentenced to death anyone in connection with the Islamic State organisation. Belkis Wille, Iraq researcher for Human Rights Watch, says, “Based on all my meetings with senior government officials, I get the sense that no one — perhaps not even the prime minister himself — knows the full number of detainees”.The Iraq’s Terrorism law a vicious circleHuman Rights Watch explained that it had informed the government that the use of the Terrorism Act in a quasi-systematic manner, resulting in summary trials and failure to respect judicial guarantees, was contrary to genuine justice and victims' rights.The UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Agnes Callamard met with a victim during her visits in Iraq in November 2017 for her report launched the 5 June 2018: "We don't need to be like them. We've seen enough murders. Do not execute more people." The Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, in her report, stated: “The people of Iraq, the victims and survivors of the conflict, deserve a legal framework and a judicial response that properly reflect the nature of the crimes committed, which are on par with atrocity crimes investigated and tried in other parts of the world. The Anti-terrorism Law is not appropriate to address the crimes committed, hold those responsible to account, and provides victims with the remedies and reparations to which they are entitled.”The Iraqi government now faces a major issue: the overcrowding of its prisons. As a result of the incarceration and systematic sentencing of every person identified as having links to a terrorist organisation, prisoners accumulate, and prisons become a breeding ground for terrorist propaganda. This propaganda is particularly evident in the high security prison of Nasiriyah Central, which houses more than 6,000 prisoners convicted of terrorism.During a recent visit to Iraq, the head of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Peter Maurer warned: “It’s the tortures, the ill treatments, the continuous long-term bad conditions in detentions which have radicalized a lot of actors which we find again as armed actors on the battlefield.” The death penalty subject to the electoral scheduleElections in the country have also impacted this wave of executions and sentenced to death. Indeed, according to The Associated Press, Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi, who ran in May to retain his position in national elections, had repeatedly called for accelerated death sentences for those charged with terrorism.The victory of the two anti-system lists on 12 May 2018 ahead of the current Prime Minister may defeat this wave of executions in the country.Today, the country's political divide is widening, making decision within the government more difficult. The Communist and Shiite majority party following these May elections, without however winning enough seats in Parliament, will try to create an opposition coalition by joining forces. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1704] => Array ( [objectID] => 4352 [title] => After more than 20 years without executions, a trend toward an official moratorium? [timestamp] => 1530057600 [date] => 27/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/after-more-than-20-years-without-executions-a-trend-toward-an-official-moratorium/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8a7f00c8cf811240913fb75a342b4882_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => On 18 June 2018, the Korean National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) called on the South Korean President to declare an official moratorium on the death penalty to mark the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10. [texte] => The President's office indicated that it was reviewing the request and that national consultations would be held in September 2018.An advocacy developed upstreamFrom 25 to 28 April 2018, a delegation of the International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP) visited Seoul to meet with the President of the National Human Rights Commission in Korea (NHRC) Lee Sung-ho, the President of the Constitutional Court, senior officials of the Ministry of Justice, members of the diplomatic community and key civil society organizations to discuss issues related to the situation of the death penalty. This international delegation was able to discuss and develop a short-term strategy to glimpse the possible scope of South Korea's vote for an official moratorium on executions in December 2018.Although South Korea has not carried out any executions since 30 December 1997, no official moratorium has ever been declared. The delegation's objective was to facilitate a position in favour of an official moratorium on executions.International workshop on the death penalty in due courseIn advance of the international workshop on the death penalty organised on 26 April 2018, the President of the ICDP, Navi Pillay, during her meeting with the President of the NHRC in November 2017, had put forward the idea of organising an informative event on the death penalty, taking the example of various countries that had abolished this practice. Following the meeting, Lee Sung-ho, (NHRC) reported that South Korean President Moon Jae-in had been receptive and in favour of abolishing the death penalty. Thus, on 26 April 2018, the National Human Rights Commission in Korea, jointly with the ICDP, organized an international seminar on the death penalty. On this occasion, Professor Ivan Simonovic, Commissioner of the ICDP and former Deputy Secretary-General of the UN, presented several examples of States as they moved away from the death penalty and abolished this "cruel and inhuman" practice.At the same time, the historic summit between South Korean President Moon Jae-in and North Korean President Kim Jong-un was held in Panmunjom on the inter-Korean border. The commissioner of the ICDP, Professor Simonovic, therefore referred to abolitionist actions as evidence of true leadership: “Major moves away from death penalty require political will and political leadership. The world looks at Korea to take its own route to abolish the death penalty, and to respect and protect the fundamental right to life. Commitment to this goal sends a powerful human rights message in time of the Peace Summit meeting between the leaders of South and North Korea. This message is that human rights and especially right to life are more important than any form of revenge.” In 2016, on 19 December, the United Nations General Assembly adopted its sixth Resolution calling for a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty. The majority was well received, with 117 votes in favour. This year, South Korea will be a target country of this seventh Moratorium Resolution after abstaining since 2007 on all UNGA Moratorium Resolutions. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1705] => Array ( [objectID] => 4353 [title] => Dialogue on the death penalty during the 20th anniversary of the Reformasi [timestamp] => 1530057600 [date] => 27/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/dialogue-on-the-death-penalty-during-the-20th-anniversary-of-the-reformasi/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f4808741bf337a52facc2d6853aaf70b_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => 20 years after the end of the dictatorship, Indonesia is going through a period of legal changes and transition. What impact can abolitionist associations and NGOs working on the ground have in encouraging the actions of legal counsellors and civil society? [texte] => The National Conference on 20 Years of Reformasi: Crime & Punishment in Human Rights Discourse in Indonesia was held in Jakarta on May 8-9th, 2018, organized in partnership by Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM), National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN).On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Reformasi, period of changes and reforms, highlighting the end of the dictatorship since 1998, NGOs and associations representing local civil society met and organised this National Conference in order to establish a global overview of the use of the death penalty and its process in Indonesia.A complicated legal contextThe holding of such a conference has enabled local and international actors to highlight the real need in Indonesia to reform the judicial system, including the criminal point of view. This Conference demonstrated that everyone - lawyers, government representatives, civil society organisations, etc. - has a say in this judicial and criminal overhaul. The reform of a new Criminal Code remains complicated and above all paradoxical. The government decided that alternative sentences to the death penalty would now be possible. However, while "grace" laws have been mentioned, under very restrictive conditions, special laws applying the death penalty, which surround crimes related to terrorism, drugs and corruption, seem to weaken this human dimension of potential clemency.This paradoxical and uncertain law project is still an issue, especially between the instauration of 15 additional crimes punishable by the death penalty, opportunity to have a probation of 10 years before the execution and the opportunity to see its sentence commuted in sentence to life after this 10 years.Lack of political representationWhile executions resumed in 2013, for the past year and a half no executions were carried out. Such a conference could have marked a commitment to an official moratorium. However, the Minister of Justice appeared for only a few minutes and finally declared that it was not his prerogative to discuss the death penalty in such a forum.Perhaps Indonesia's candidature to the United Nations Security Council carries more weight in establishing a moratorium on executions and sentences.An active local civil society in needThroughout this National Conference, lawyers' and legal aid organisations were honoured. Training helps these local organizations in their work. However, the lack of resources, particularly for legal aid, remains a major issue in the country.RecommendationsDuring the closing of the National Conference various recommendations were made but strong commitments could not be made due to the lack of political representation. However, the following recommendations will enable civil society and relevant organizations to focus their work and advocacy.- “The Ministry of Justice and Human Rights must provide numerous contributions and/or studies to the competent authorities in order to establish an official moratorium on the death penalty;- It is important to review the penal system first;- It is important to provide training for 'commercial' lawyers in order to create mass dissemination so that they could have 'human rights' perspectives;- The issue of the death penalty has been the subject of a campaign by civil society, but it is still necessary among religious leaders because of the public perception that the death penalty is allowed in Islam;- The abolition of the death penalty must be accompanied simultaneously by reforms of the prison system;- The academic sector should not limit itself to study, reading, interpretation etc., but should also strengthen its empirical advocacy;- Accentuate studies and research on the death penalty in Indonesia;- Data on crime in Indonesia should be used;- Everyone in Indonesia should question Indonesia's position on the abolition of the death penalty worldwide? Are we already involved in the recommendation through the UPR sessions?- Cooperate with the National Human Rights Commission;- What the Indonesian government must do to abolish the death penalty: 1. Diplomacy for a moratorium 2. leadership and procedure- The Indonesian government must implement a moratorium on the death penalty to guarantee the right to life of Indonesian citizens both inside and outside the country.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1706] => Array ( [objectID] => 4354 [title] => Caribbean Court of Justice strikes down mandatory death penalty in Barbados [timestamp] => 1530057600 [date] => 27/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/caribbean-court-of-justice-strikes-down-mandatory-death-penalty-in-barbados/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2ec08d6d2356605ca7ad2a9116a0f187_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => In probably the most significant judgment to arise from the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) so far, the region’s highest court has unanimously declared the mandatory death penalty unconstitutional in Barbados, finally settling an issue which has occupied domestic and international tribunals for almost 15 years. [texte] => The two appellants, Jabari Nervais and Dwayne Severin, had both been convicted of murder and have spent four and six years on death row respectively. As with all persons convicted of murder in Barbados, their death sentences were imposed automatically without any consideration of the mitigating factors in their cases or their individual circumstances.In its judgment the CCJ accepted that not everyone convicted of murder deserves to be executed and the courts should be allowed to consider each case separately. It ruled that the mandatory death sentence breached the appellants’ right to life, their right to a fair trial and amounted to inhuman and degrading treatment because the appellants were not allowed to persuade a judge to impose a sentence other than death.The Court also found that parliament was wrong to legislate for an automatic death sentence because under the Constitution of Barbados the selection of punishment must be exclusively performed by the courts. A mandatory sentence “reduces the court’s sentencing role to ‘rubber-stamping’ the dictates of the Legislature”, the Court said.The Death Penalty Project has been challenging Barbados’ use of the mandatory death penalty on human rights grounds in legal appeals dating back to 2004, and worked closely with the Barbados legal team in this case. The CCJ’s decision overturns an earlier ruling by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in Boyce & Joseph [2004]. In this case, the majority of the Court, accepted that a mandatory death sentence was a cruel and inhuman punishment, but considered themselves obliged to uphold the penalty because of a specific ‘savings clause’ in the Barbados’ constitution which made the sentence immune from challenge.By contrast, the Caribbean Court said that savings clauses should be condemned and laws should not be “calcified to reflect the colonial times”. Protection for human rights develops over time and a literal interpretation of the savings clause would deprive citizens of Barbados from benefiting from evolving fundamental rights and freedoms.In addition, the Inter American Court of Human Rights has twice found Barbados’ use of the mandatory death penalty to violate its obligations under the American Convention of Human Rights and ordered it to amend the law. However, despite repeated assurances from the government that it would comply with the Orders of the Inter American Court and introduce judicial discretion, to date, no reforms have been enacted.Barbados adopted the CCJ as its most superior court in place of the JCPC in 2005, which enabled a further domestic review of the lawfulness of the mandatory death penalty. Today’s judgment means that all prisoners currently under sentence of death in Barbados will be removed from death row and all those previously sentenced to the mandatory death penalty will also be entitled to be re-sentenced.In recognition of the importance of the issue, this consolidated appeal was heard by the full bench of seven justices. The judgment was delivered by Justice Dennis Byron in his last sitting as President of the CCJ.The decision leaves Trinidad and Tobago as the only country in the Caribbean where the mandatory death penalty continues to be imposed.Saul Lehrfreund, Co-Executive Director says:“Today’s decision is hugely significant and adds to the growing global consensus that the mandatory death penalty is an arbitrary, and cruel and inhuman punishment, incompatible with fundamental human rights protections. This result is a testament to the dedication of lawyers in the Caribbean and UK, who have collaborated over some 15 years, to secure this outcome. It is the latest in a series of progressive decisions by the Caribbean Court of Justice, which has marked itself out to be one of the leading domestic human rights tribunals within the Commonwealth.”-End- [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1707] => Array ( [objectID] => 4355 [title] => Experts analyse the relationship between poverty and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1529280000 [date] => 18/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/experts-analyse-the-relationship-between-poverty-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9392f6583c6743b18906b733c7eb263a_2-1-500x278.jpg [extrait] => The International Studies Programme Overseas Relations Assembly and the Institute for Human Rights Research and Promotion (INIPRODEH) organised a forum: The Death Penalty and Poverty on the 89th anniversary of abolition of the death penalty in Puerto Rico. Eminent figures from the abolitionist movement and academia reviewed and analysed research into this issue. [texte] => Professor Coraly N. Cruz Mejías shared some of the conclusions of her research, José Lasalle: Pena de muerte y racialización (José Lasalle: the death penalty and racialization), where she analyses a death penalty case from the point of view of race as a decisive factor leading to the sentence. José Lasalle Hernández was sentenced for the first time in 1905 for mutilation and in 1912 he was executed after being found guilty of first degree murder, despite numerous procedural irregularities. The veracity of the witnesses for the prosecution was challenged but the appeal did not prevent his death sentence.Coraly N. Cruz Mejías takes us to the moment when José Lasalle is found guilty and sentenced to capital punishment. Her work highlights not only the criminalisation of poverty but also the racialization of criminality by showing that “the death penalty is a punishment which was used against the lower levels of society, particularly black people and ethnic minorities.”This analysis was accompanied by the results of new research by Carmelo Campos Cruz, a professor, lawyer and activist: José Miranda: apuntes sobre la primera ejecución de un puertorriqueño en Hawái (José Miranda: notes on the first execution of a Puerto Rican in Hawaii) concerning the first documented execution of a Puerto Rican on US territory on 26 October 1904. The research led by Coraly N. Cruz Mejia and Carmelo Campos Cruz confirm what has been put forward by the Fédération internationale des droits de l'homme (FIDH), i.e. that:“The death penalty is a discriminatory practice, often used against the most vulnerable people, and must be abolished. Poverty and the death penalty are inextricable linked. Social and economic inequalities negatively affect access to justice for those sentenced to death for several reasons: in such a situation of inequality, the accused often lacks resources (social, economic, cultural and also in terms of power) to defend himself and will usually be marginalised because of his social status” (FIDH, 2018).Kevin Medina Miguel Rivera, Chair of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (Paris, France) and the Death Penalty Commission of the Puerto Rico Bar, confirmed these conclusions. In his view, the death penalty is often applied in a discriminatory manner because the “criminal justice system” does not always protect the most impoverished from the marginalisation engendered by poverty.He also underlined that individuals from a particular social group are often treated differently for extrinsic reasons (income, education, place of residence) or intrinsic ones (gender, ethnic and racial origin). According to data provided by Rivera Medina, a lawyer, poor people are more susceptible to being criminalised and victimised.He noted that in the United States 95% of people on death row come from deprived backgrounds (Equal Justice Initiative, 2007). Migrants find themselves in a similar situation. This led Clive Stafford Smith, quoted here by Rivera Medina, to say that “the death penalty is not reserved for the worst criminals but for those with the worst legal representation.”Further, Pope Francis spoke out against the death penalty when considering the place of capital punishment in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. This was not the first time the Pope had spoken out against the death penalty, saying that it does not give victims justice but encourages revenge. Further, he said that there are ways to fight crime effectively without definitively depriving the perpetrators of the possibility to be released.On 23 October 2014, at a private audience with representatives from the five major penal law scientific societies, Pope Francis also demonstrated his opposition to life imprisonment. Further, “he recalled the significant over-population and humiliation experienced by detainees in a large number of the world’s prisons and appealed for solidarity with the victims of criminal acts without using the punishment advocated by certain politicians and certain media outlets” (2014).The Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CPCPM) said in its message that:“Statutory derogation of the death penalty (1929) and its eventual constitutional prohibition (1952) were the result of a long struggle expressed through public debates and demonstrations in particular, as well as the 12 draft laws proposed and one law establishing a moratorium on executions, all of which took place between 1900 and 1929. Figures such as Hostos, Corchado y Juarbe, Luisa Capetillo, José Elias Levis, Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón and Juan García Ducos significantly contributed to prohibiting capital punishment in Puerto Rico” (CPCPM, 2018).As Professor Campos Cruz put it so well, we hope that these considerations will contribute to further examination of this subject and will “strengthen the historical opposition of the people of Puerto Rico”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1708] => Array ( [objectID] => 4356 [title] => Death Penalty and Terrorism [timestamp] => 1529020800 [date] => 15/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-and-terrorism/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ed99b40945ccbbd0ea265307e80b7137_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => Hands off Cain held a series of meetings, one year after the launch of the project "Containing the death penalty in time of war on terrorism in Somalia, Tunisia and Egypt", in Nairobi, Kenya, to assess the work done in Somalia. [texte] => With a meeting held at the headquarters of the Somali Women Agenda, between Elisabetta Zamparutti and Laura Harth, for Hands Off Cain and Hibo Yassin, Beatrice Kamanan, Patrick Onyango, Duncan Njorge and Smitangi for the Somali Women Agenda, it was decided to present the results of this first year of activity at the end of July in Mogadishu. It was in fact possible to visit the prisons, both civilian and military, of Mogadishu and Baiboa and other visits are scheduled to collect data on prisoners on death row in Somalia. The monitoring is carried out in partnership with the Head of the Somali Prison Administration, Gen. Bashir. According to the research, in 2017 there has been an increase in executions, at least 24, the majority (21) for terrorism. As many were the death sentences pronounced during the year. At least 12 of the 24 executions took place under the authority of the federal government (9 for terrorism) and 12 in Puntland, all for terrorism. Both the 24 death sentences and the 24 executions were imposed by military courts, mostly against civilians, except for three death sentences and three executions of men belonging to armed forces in Somalia. A subsequent meeting between Hands Off Cain and the Somali Woman Agenda took place at the European Union where it was learned that a court, established thanks to the efforts of the UNODC and other government donors such as the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the Denmark, was set up in Mogadishu to treat all cases of civilians who are held responsible for acts of terrorism or piracy, otherwise they would be improperly judged by the military courts. A memorandum between donors and the Somali federal government should provide for a moratorium on executions for capital sentences handed out by this court. It is time for the European Union to rebalance institution building with delivering justice. From the exchange of views, it became clear that the alternative to the violent expansion of Al - Shabab, an expansion also due to the ability to respond, somehow, to the demand for welfare while the State struggles to establish itself and suffers from endemic corruption, it is the Rule of Law, a state that is able to show that without Al-Shabab we live better. This does not mean that in the given context, allies are the clan leaders and Sufism, a tolerant branch of the Islamic religion. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Somalia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1709] => Array ( [objectID] => 4357 [title] => Director (Research) [timestamp] => 1528934400 [date] => 14/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/director-research/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The National Law University, Delhi (“University”) is seeking to engage on a contractual basis, one Director (Research) for Project 39A. [texte] => The Director (Research) will be responsible for formulating and implementing our research strategy and advancing our academic engagement with criminal law, and its interaction with constitutional law.To know more, click here. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1710] => Array ( [objectID] => 4358 [title] => Call for interns [timestamp] => 1528934400 [date] => 14/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-interns/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Project 39A offers a minimum of four-week long internships to students of law and related fields. [texte] => We are keen to broaden the widely held perspective of a unidimensional criminal law by introducing students to an interdisciplinary approach to the criminal justice system and to enhance their engagement with the ethical, legal and logistical complexities of the criminal justice system.To know more, click here.To apply, fill in the online form. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1711] => Array ( [objectID] => 4359 [title] => Parliamentarians from Francophone Africa meet in Kinshasa to discuss the abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1528761600 [date] => 12/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/parliamentarians-from-francophone-africa-meet-in-kinshasa-to-discuss-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/02d972c60479bb111e67f9c0cd189808_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => The 1st and 2nd June 2018, Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA), Ensemble contre la peine de mort (Together against the death penalty, ECPM) and Culture pour la paix et la justice (Culture for peace and justice, CPJ) organised in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC) a regional parliamentary seminar entitled “Abolition of the death penalty in Africa: the role of parliamentarians”, with the support of the European Union and of the Honourable Aubin Minaku, Speaker of the National Assembly of the DRC and Member of PGA. [texte] => The objective of this event was to allow parliamentarians from West and Central Africa to share their experience and discuss the future of the abolitionist movement in the region. It followed the regional seminar held in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) on 19 and 20 October 2016 by ECPM and the Fédération internationale des Actions des Chrétiens pour l’abolition de la torture (International Federation of Actions of Christians for the Abolition of Torture, FIACAT).The opening of the seminar was marked by the speech of Mr. Alexis Thambwe Mwamba, Minister of Justice of DRC, who explained the government’s position towards abolition of the death penalty: recalling the atrocities committed across the country, he declared the DRC would not overturn the de facto moratorium on executions applied since 2003, but would neither adopt a de jure moratorium or abolish altogether the death penalty in the coming years.Far from being deterred, the Burkinabe, Chadian, Central-African, Congolese, Guinean, Malian, Nigerien and Togolese MPs present felt encouraged to share their opinions, suggestions and strategies to move together toward an abolitionist Francophone Africa. Members of PGA and of the Network of Congolese Parliamentarians Against the Death Penalty made efforts to reassure the reluctant or retentionist MPs vis-à-vis abolition. In this regard, Hon. Jean-Joël Koffi Kissi, Member of the Togolese National Assembly, Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee and PGA Member, stated: “the question is not whether or not to prosecute criminals, that is not what we are discussing today. It is about establishing whether imprisonment penalties would not be more efficient than resorting to executions.”For his part, Hon. Sébastien Adambu Lomalisa, Member of the Senate of DRC, Chairman of the Politic, Administrative and Legal Committee and PGA Member, rebutted the argument for death penalty based on public opinion, telling his peers: “We must bring the population to understand, it is the role of parliamentarians to pave the way. If the United States of America had waited for public opinion to change, would slavery have been abolished?” Furthermore, Prof. Raphaël Nyabirungu Mwene Songa, Criminal Law Professor and counsel to the International Criminal Court, underlined that “combatting the death penalty means improving DRC’s image throughout the world and creating new cooperation opportunities”.After the debates, the participants discussed and adopted an Action Plan (in French) and a Final Declaration (in French), calling on the parliamentarians of the whole region to mobilise their efforts against capital punishment.The seminar was held on the day following the Burkina Faso’s National Assembly’s historic vote adopting a new Criminal Code abolishing the death penalty for ordinary crimes. Hon. Reine Benao Sakandé, Member of the National Assembly of Burkina Faso, Coordinator of the Network of Parliamentarians for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of the Child, Member of the ECOWAS Parliamentary Assembly, Chairwoman of the Gender, Promotion of Women and Social Protection Committee, and PGA Member, was applauded by her peers and stated during her intervention: “we must work hand in hand to get rid of the colonial remnant that is capital punishment, and develop regional norms to safeguard human rights in our region.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1712] => Array ( [objectID] => 4360 [title] => Greater Caribbean for Life – Project Manager [timestamp] => 1528329600 [date] => 07/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/greater-caribbean-for-life-project-manager/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) is currently seeking to appoint a part-time Project Manager, to assist with the management, administration, and implementation of a project seeking to restrict and reform the use of the death penalty in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean States. [texte] => About Greater Caribbean for LifeGCL is an independent, not-for-profit civil society organisation, incorporated under the laws of Puerto Rico. GCL’s missions are:- campaigning for and working towards the permanent abolition of the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean;- supporting Caribbean abolitionist activists and organizations in the Greater Caribbean Region; and- collaborating with the international abolitionist community.About the ProjectGCL has been awarded a project contract from the European Commission for three years (2018-2020). The overarching objective of the project is to create a platform for death penalty reform in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, leading to eventual abolition. Four main activities will be carried out to this end:1. Creation of advocacy/education/awareness raising tools – e.g. research on elite attitudes to death penalty; policy briefings; fact sheets on the death penalty2. Conducting education and awareness raising campaigns – e.g. coordinating a speaking and outreach tour and film screenings of death penalty films.3. Advocacy – e.g. use of educational tools and expert information to carry out one-to-one dialogues with policy makers; contribute to the UPR process4. Caribbean regional strategy meeting – a regional strategy meeting focusing on abolition of the death penalty.Job Description- Position: Project Manager- Reporting to: Chair Person of GCL- Contract Duration: Three years (to project end- February 2021)- Hours: 20 hours per week- Salary : €10,800 per annum- Location: Home based- Start Date: ImmediateDescription of Duties:The Project Manager will carry out a number of activities under the direct supervision of GCL’s Chair, including:- Plan, manage, coordinate, and implementing the strategies and activities of GCL as outlined in the project contract/description of activities;- Ensure regular co-ordination, liaison, and follow-up with GCL Board members, GCL members, and the project partners;- Financial management of GCL’s project budget and spend;- Provide narrative and financial reports as required by the project contract and regularly reporting to the lead project organisation (The Death Penalty Project UK) on the progress of the project;- Assist in GCL’s outreach and mobilisation, including, but not limited to: * Production of project mobilisation and advocacy tools * Logistical organisation and coordination of project events- Maintain GCL’s websites, library and contact databases;- Performing any other duties as may be assigned by GCL’s Board or Chair Person, as related to the project.Experience and QualificationsHighly organised and excellent written and verbal communication skillsExcellent academic background, with law, human rights, social sciences degree preferableExperience in working in a civil society organisation, highly preferablePermission to live and work in Barbados or the Eastern Caribbean States, preferable.To apply please send your completed CV and covering letter under the reference “Job Application- Project Manager” to“leela_ramdeen@hotmail.com”Closing date: 29 June 2018 [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1713] => Array ( [objectID] => 4361 [title] => Global Prison Trends 2018 4th Edition [timestamp] => 1528243200 [date] => 06/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/global-prison-trends-2018-4th-edition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/be101b4c51b436a0e9e1afaf6715b9a0_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => Global Prison Trends 2018 is the fourth edition in PRI’s annual flagship Global Prison Trends series, which identifies topical developments and challenges in criminal justice and prison policy and practice. It is published in collaboration with the Thailand Institute of Justice, and features a foreword by the Rt Hon Helen Clark, Member of the Global Commission on Drug Policy, Former Prime Minister of New Zealand and Former Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme. [texte] => Foreword by Rt Hon Helen ClarkBy her discourse, Hon Helen Clark emphasizes the work of PRI and the work that remains to be done to achieve its goals by implementing new rules of law in carceral system. Due to her action as a Member of the Global Commission on Drug Policy she highlights the chapter made by PRI on drug offences.Moreover, she points out unanswered questions and issues: “Why our societies focus their response to unlawful behaviours so often on prison? Where is the proportionality in sentencing when we punish non-violent offences with lengthy prison sentences? Is this the only response we can offer?”This issue could be the guideline of this report among others.What Global Prison Trends 2018 explores• Trends in the use of imprisonment, including the use of pre-trial detention as an automatic response to suspects; the ongoing challenge of prison overcrowding; and the steady growth in the number of life-sentenced prisoners around the world.• Prison populations, such as the specific needs of women, children and LGBTI prisoners.• Developments and challenges in prison management, including record levels of prisoner violence in a number of prison systems; healthcare challenges and shortages of qualified healthcare staff; and the need to address violent extremism and prevent radicalisation in the prison system.• The role of technology in criminal justice and prison systems, such as the use of ‘telemedicine’ to provide mental healthcare and treatment, and the rise in access to online education and training.• The expansion of prison alternatives, including community service orders and electronic monitoring, and a growing trend in the use of restorative justice.The rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders in the era of sustainable developmentA Special Focus section looks at the rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders in the era of sustainable development, exploring how the rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders back into their communities can incorporate a broader developmental perspective, contributing to the goals set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1714] => Array ( [objectID] => 4362 [title] => Burkina Faso has joined the global trend toward abolition of the death penalty in Africa [timestamp] => 1528243200 [date] => 06/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/burkina-faso-has-joined-the-global-trend-toward-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d9035f62f81b8f2a262a481e92e7dc8e_2-1-500x253.png [extrait] => On 31 May, the Burkinabe Parliament abolished the death penalty by adopting a new criminal code that excludes it from the arsenal of sentences regardless of crimes considered and circumstances in which they were committed. Thus, Burkina Faso become the 144th States in the World and the 40th African State abolitionist in law and in practice. Our organizations welcome this major step which strengthens the Burkinabe legal framework for the protection of human rights and is part of regional and international movement in favour of the abolition of this inhuman, ineffective and irreversible punishment. [texte] => Abolition of the death penalty in Burkina Faso is a great step forward. It is the result of many years of mobilization of civil society that has constantly reminded the authorities how inconceivable this violation of the right to life has become in the face of commitments to better respect for human rights made by the State, both at the national and international levels.Chrysogone Zougmore, Président of MBDHP From an international perspective, retention of the death penalty became contradictory for Burkina Faso which is a State party to the vast majority of regional and international human rights instruments, including the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which excludes the death penalty.At the domestic level, Burkina Faso was de facto abolitionist, the last recorded execution dating back to 1988. In 2016, work began on drafting a new Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the "Transition Charter" adopted by the political parties, the defence and security forces and civil society after the fall of former President Blaise Compaoré on 31 October 2014. The preliminary draft Constitution, submitted to President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré on 14 November 2017, confirms the abolition of the death penalty in Article 5, further demonstrating the will of the Burkinabe State to break with this unjust and discriminatory practice because it is too often pronounced against poor and/or vulnerable people.Finally, Burkina Faso is part of the African continent's movement for abolition. While in 1990, only Cape Verde had abolished the death penalty, today 40 of the 55 African Union member States are abolitionist in law or practice. Although Botswana and Sudan have both resumed executions in 2018, African states' efforts on the road to abolition are regularly renewed. The latest example is the establishment in February 2018 of a moratorium officially prohibiting executions in the Gambia. To achieve continental abolition, national progress towards the abolition of the death penalty must go hand in hand with work within the African Union. The Working group of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) on the death penalty is taking specific action to ensure that a protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa is adopted."The adoption of such a Protocol to the African Charter is essential to strengthen and sustain the African abolitionist movement. This regional instrument should make it possible to plead for a better respect of human rights and for a fairer justice".Alice Mogwe, FIDH Secretary GeneralIn order to contribute to the efforts of African civil societies, our organizations have developed new tools to raise awareness on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa. A study entitled "Triggers for the abolition of the death penalty in Africa, a Southern African perspective" and a documentary entitled "Gambia has decided" were officially launched on 5 November 2017, during the 61st Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR).Our organizations reiterate their total opposition to the death penalty for all crimes and in all circumstances. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burkina Faso ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1715] => Array ( [objectID] => 4363 [title] => FIACAT and ACAT Benin congratulate Benin on having removed the death penalty from its criminal legislation [timestamp] => 1528243200 [date] => 06/06/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/fiacat-and-acat-benin-congratulate-benin-on-having-removed-the-death-penalty-from-its-criminal-legislation/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/62f4e701efba42805be462e7611eef01_2-1-500x253.png [extrait] => Cotonou, Paris, 6 June 2018 - On 5 June, Benin's National Assembly adopted a new Penal Code removing all references to the death penalty from the law. [texte] => Although the last execution in Benin took place in 1987, the country's courts continued to impose death sentences until 2012, when Benin acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) on 5 July. Benin is therefore abolitionist since 2012.ACAT Benin, Social Change Benin and Amnesty international Benin have maintained a constant pressure by means of joint advocacy actions with the Beninese government so that it abolishes punishment in its law and commutes the sentences of those sentenced to death.In February 2018, the Council of Ministers adopted a decree to commute the sentences of the last 14 death row inmates to life imprisonment.A draft Criminal Code without the death penalty had been drafted and was pending before the National Assembly. It was adopted yesterday by parliament, formally prohibiting the practice of the death penalty in Benin.FIACAT et ACAT Benin welcome this decision and encourage the Beninese Government to continue along this path by supporting the Draft Additional Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty in Africa. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1716] => Array ( [objectID] => 4364 [title] => Iran Execution Trends Six Months After the New Anti-Narcotics Law [timestamp] => 1527552000 [date] => 29/05/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iran-execution-trends-six-months-after-the-new-anti-narcotics-law/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/01cd60bd133af6a6086ee64a2e03c2cd_2-1-500x253.png [extrait] => On Monday, May 10, 2018, Iran Human Rights (IHR) reported the execution of Kiomars Nasouhi, a prisoner sentenced to death for drug offenses. This execution is the first drug-related execution registered by IHR since the latest amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Law was enforced on November 14, 2017. [texte] => According to a new report by IHR, at least 77 people, among them three juvenile offenders have been executed between January 1. and May 20, 2018. Four were hanged in public spaces. Of the reported executions 62 were sentenced to death for murder, seven for Moharebeh (being an “enemy of God”), seven for rape, and 1 for drug offenses. For comparison, it is reported that during the same period in 2017, at least 203 people were executed, 112 were executed for drug offenses. The significant reduction in the number of executions in 2018 seems to be due to a temporary halt in drug-related executions as the number of executions for murder charges were nearly the same as in 2017.IHR has not received any execution reports related to drug offenses from the enforcement of the new amendments to the Anti-Narcotic Law on November 14, 2017, until May 10, 2018. The occurrence of the first death sentence for drug offenses may indicate that review of death sentences for drug offenses has been finalized at least in some provinces of the country.The present report shows that the process of reviewing the cases of those sentenced to death for drug offenses has resulted in the commuting of many death sentences. Although these numbers may seem positive, there are still concerns that need to be addressed. Commenting on this report, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, the spokesperson of IHR said: “We welcome the significant reduction in the use of the death penalty and hope that this trend will continue towards complete abolition. However, we have several serious concerns regarding the process of implementation of the new amendment [to the Anti-Narcotics Law] including bribery in the Judicial system, insufficient capacity to handle a large number of cases, and lack of a monitoring organ overlooking the process.” He continued: “Several thousand lives are at stake and we, therefore, call for an international commission monitoring this process. We demand that the review also include the question of due process. For instance, did the prisoners have access to a lawyer after their arrest and were the prisoners subjected to torture to give confessions?”Background The new amendment to Iranian Anti-drug law which was enforced on November 14, 2017, includes a mechanism to limit the use of the death penalty and reduce the sentences of those sentenced to death or life imprisonment. According to the amendment, the minimum possession of drugs, including their production or distribution, which results in a death sentence, has been changed from 30 grams to 2 kilograms for industrial narcotics, e.g., heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines, and from 5 to 50 kilograms for traditional drugs such as opium and hashish. According to the law, the punishments of those who were already sentenced to death or life imprisonment will be reduced to imprisonment plus mulct (fine).The amendment specifies that the death penalty should be limited to those who have been carrying or have used weapons while trafficking, sponsoring or organizing narco gangs and inducting children under the age of 18 or people with intellectual disabilities into such gangs. Those with a prior prison term of more than 15 years would also be excluded from the commutations under the amendment.The amendment was the outcome of a lengthy process of discussions between the Parliament and the judiciary, and between the Parliament and the Guardian Council, and was eventually enforced on November 14, 2017. At the same time, the spokesman for the Parliament's judicial and legal committee, Hassan Nowroozi, who was one of the main MPs behind the adoption of this law in Iranian Parliament, said: "There are currently about 5300 prisoners sentenced to death for drug-related crimes. 90% Of those people did not have any criminal records, and their age range is between 20 and 30.""This means that," he argued, "the new amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Law could potentially save more than 4,700 lives. Thus, if this law is implemented properly, we will witness one of the most important measures to reduce the use of the death penalty in recent years."Explaining the necessity for adoption of this law, Vice-chairman of the Parliament's Legal and Judicial Commission, Yahya Kamalipour, said on October 30, 2017, that 90% of drug abusers in recent years have been forced into drug trafficking because of poverty: "Being a judge and judicature chief for 20 years, I am well aware of the conditions of the prisoners and their families. 90% of those who were executed in past years, were just carriers of the drugs to earn some money, for instance, to afford the daughter’s wedding expenses or to pay for their mother’s surgery bill. They even did it for a million Tomans (around 140 USD), and were eventually sentenced to death for this amount."Interviews with the prisoners and their familiesThe report examines the status of a case study of prisoners sentenced to death or life imprisonment related to narcotics over the past six months following the implementation of the new anti-narcotics law. The report is based on interviews conducted by IHR researchers with several prisoners sentenced to death for drug offenses in five different prisons, or their families. The report provides a brief overview of some of the interviews that refer to the process of reviewing the cases that are subject to the new law:Some judicial authorities take bribes to process the cases more quickly:The families of some prisoners who are sentenced to death or life imprisonment for drug-related crimes told IHR that the issue of reviewing the cases of these prisoners began in early December 2017. However, most families complained about the slowness of the process. Some also believed that there was no proper order and equality in reviewing the cases, and some reported that judicial authorities were asking for bribes to prosecute cases more quickly. Reports on the reaffirmation of the death penalty for some prisoners have also been reported to the IHR.The family of a death row prisoner in the Urmia Central Prison claimed: "The case of prisoners sentenced to death in Urmia goes well, and most of the death sentences have been commuted [to prison terms]. Only Branch [...] of the Urmia Revolutionary Court headed by the judge [...] approved the death sentence for several cases, because the judge asked the family of the prisoners to pay bribes, and they did not pay. Now, the families of the prisoners who have been sentenced to death do not know what they can do and whether they have the right to object?”The source continued: “Our prisoner’s sentence changed from execution to 30 years of imprisonment plus 200 million tomans fine.”"In the judge's room, there were folders of the cases from floor to the ceiling.""My brother was sentenced to death before the implementation of the new law. Fortunately, the Supreme Court did not endorse the verdict, and his case was returned to the Revolutionary Court for review,” a family member of another prisoner in Tehran said, “when I went to visit the judge, he said that the courts are very busy reviewing the cases.”The interviewee continued, “I begged the judge to handle my brother's case as soon as possible, and he said that he is going to handle the cases on the basis of quantity (of the drugs). Therefore, he is currently reviewing cases that have 70 grams of drugs and reaching my brother in the meantime.” The eyewitness told IHR that in the judge’s room there were folders of the cases from floor to the ceiling.He also said that “prisoners who were sentenced to death before, usually receive the new verdict including 30 years term in prison and 200 million tomans in fines. Those who were convicted to life imprisonment previously, typically get 15 years jail term. One of our neighbors who was sentenced to death was released recently after 11 years in prison. However, there are cases of bribery and other violations of law which are normal in the Revolutionary Courts.”One of the prisoners who was sentenced to death in Tehran's Revolutionary Court in this regard told IHR: “In January, my case was sent to Branch 28 where my death sentence was issued before, but I haven’t heard from them yet. Judge Moghiseh and Judge Teyrani have not processed any cases. Apparently, Judge Teyrani is about to be retired in few weeks.”The mother of another prisoner who was sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Court of Tehran said, “My son’s new verdict has not been issued yet. We neither have a lawyer nor money, and we are very concerned. Many prisoners with a higher quantity of drugs received a verdict or were released. My son had 600 grams of heroin, and he didn’t have a prior criminal record.”Reaffirmation of several death sentences despite the absence of prior criminal record:Furthermore, the mother of another prisoner who was sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Court of Urmia said, “Now, the death sentence is reduced to 30 years imprisonment and 200 million Tomans fine; however, the sentences of some prisoners have been reduced to 25 years and one day. Those who were sentenced to life imprisonment are mostly sentenced to 15 years and one day. So far, 6 or 7 people have been sentenced to death again by Judge Sheikhloo at Branch 2 of the Revolutionary Court. Some of the prisoners did not have a prior conviction.”A prisoner who was sentenced to death in Urmia, told IHR: "I know at least four people without a prior criminal record whose death sentences have been upheld in Branch 2 of the Revolutionary Court (Sheikhloo). The four prisoners are all in jail for more than five years. For two of them, the verdicts were issued for the accusation of the establishment of a narco gang, one person for investing on the narco business and the other one for hiring other people for the drug gangs.”Disproportionation between crime and punishment: 30 years in prison, for both 200 grams and 40 kilogramsA family member of a prisoner who was sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Cou [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1717] => Array ( [objectID] => 4365 [title] => 12 Years Without an Execution: Is Zimbabwe Ready for Abolition? [timestamp] => 1527120000 [date] => 24/05/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/12-years-without-an-execution-is-zimbabwe-ready-for-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/25ec73b294a1d6fbc5a52b80e389a629_2-1-500x253.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Project, in partnership with Veritas, launches “12 Years Without an Execution: Is Zimbabwe Ready for Abolition?” a national public opinion study, providing for the first time comprehensive and contextualised data on public attitudes towards the death penalty in Zimbabwe – a country that has not carried out any executions in over 12 years. [texte] => The death penalty has been a contentious issue in Zimbabwe. To investigate the views of the public towards the death penalty, a nationally representative survey was carried out with 1,200 Zimbabweans.Support for the death penalty is relatively low61% of Zimbabweans supported retention of the death penalty (41% thought it should ‘definitely’ be kept and 20% that it should ‘probably’ be kept) When confronted with a range of typical case scenarios, a majority of Zimbabweans rejected imposing the death penalty in five out of six cases.While a majority of Zimbabweans expressed support for the death penalty this is much lower than may be expected for a country that retains the death penalty. Comparatively, a survey conducted in Trinidad in 2011 revealed that 89% of the public were in favour of keeping the death penalty. Moreover, the reluctance of Zimbabweans to impose the death penalty in different cases where the sentence could typically be applied suggests that support for capital punishment may be much lower in practice.Support for the death penalty is not entrenched92% of Zimbabweans considered policies other than ‘more executions’ to be the most effective at reducing violent crime80% of those Zimbabweans who expressed support for the death penalty would be willing to accept abolition if it were to become government policyThe findings suggest that the death penalty is not an issue that Zimbabweans feel particularly strongly about and, if the government were to abolish, this decision would be widely accepted.Public knowledge about the death penalty is limited83% were unaware that Zimbabwe has not carried out any executions in the past decade45% did not know that the method of execution in Zimbabwe is hangingRespondents were generally poorly informed about the use of the death penalty in Zimbabwe and their opinions were therefore based on incomplete knowledge of the issue.The research provides critical data to assist Zimbabwean policymakers – in particular those who may wish to move away from capital punishment but are faced with the dilemma of apparently strong public support for the death penalty.Dr Mai Sato, University of Reading and report author, says:“The report focuses on moving public opinion beyond a binary issue of abolition or retention of the death penalty and unpicked how Zimbabweans really think about the topic. Some of the most compelling findings in the report are around how many Zimbabweans hadn’t realised that the country hasn’t carried out any executions in more than 12 years. Equally, more than nine in ten people we asked felt that alternatives to the death penalty would be most effective in reducing violent crime in their country.”Parvais Jabbar, Co-Executive Director of The Death Penalty Project, says:“This illuminating research comes at an important time for Zimbabwe. President Emmerson Mnangagwa has in the past publically called for abolition of the death penalty. The findings should serve to assure policymakers that public opinion is not a barrier to abolition in Zimbabwe. We hope it will further encourage all governments of countries that retain the death penalty to question their assumptions on public attitudes.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1718] => Array ( [objectID] => 4366 [title] => The death penalty at the heart of the debates of the 62nd Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights [timestamp] => 1526342400 [date] => 15/05/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-at-the-heart-of-the-debates-of-the-62nd-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fe798884e808fd2be85a54aea3556295_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => The 62nd Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR), the African Union body responsible for the promotion and protection of human rights in Africa, was held from April 25th to May 9th, 2018 in Nouakchott, Mauritania.The death penalty was at the heart of the debates throughout this Session, during panel discussions, side-events or during the review of the State’s periodic reports. [texte] => Burkina Faso and Gambia’s commitments toward abolitionOn April 27th the Working Group on the death penalty in Africa of the ACHPR jointly organised, with the World Coalition, ECPM, FIACAT and FIDH, a panel on the death penalty in Africa chaired by the President of the ACHPR, Honourable Commissioner Sovata Maïga. On this occasion, Teresa Mutua from ICJ-Kenya presented the results of the Regional Congress against the death penalty through the eyes of a World Coalition’s young member. Mrs Fatima Mbaye, President of the Mauritanian Association of Human Right’s (AMDH) and Aryio Popoola from LEDAP presented the challenges regarding the abolition of the death penalty in their respective countries, Mauritania and Nigeria. It was the opportunity to target the host country of the Session and one State whose periodic report was reviewed during the Session. Finally, Paul Angaman, FIACAT’s President, presented the draft additional Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa, and invited African Union Member States to support it or at least abstain from voting against it.In light of these presentations, Burkina Faso’s Minister of Justice Bessolé René Bagoro reminded the commitment made by his country to abolish the death penalty. He announced that the draft new Criminal Code adopted by the Burkinabe government in March 2018 provides for the abolition of the death penalty and will be discussed by the National Assembly on May 24th, 2018. The new draft Constitution also provides for the abolition of the death penalty in its article 5. He estimates that, within 2 months Burkina Faso will be abolitionist for all crimes. Gambia’s representant also took the floor to remind the commitments made by The Gambia in favour of the abolition of the death penalty. The day before the panel, ECPM organised a side-event on the abolition of the death penalty in North Africa, more specifically in Morocco, Mauritania and Tunisia. It allowed participants to share their successes and challengesin moving from de facto moratorium to a complete abolition in law.Nigeria’s human rights situation reviewed by the ACHPRNigeria submitted its 6th periodic report to be reviewed by the ACHPR. During its 5th review, in 2015, the Commission had recommended Nigeria to establish an official moratorium on executions as a first step towards full abolition of the death penalty. However, Nigeria is making little progress as noted by LEDAP, HURILAWS and the World Coalition in the position paper submitted to the ACHPR Working Group on the death penalty in April 2018. Indeed, Nigeria retains the death penalty for many crimes, including certain crimes that ar not “blood” crimes. Death sentences continue to be handed down by Courts throughout the country. In 2017 more than 600 death sentences were handed down by Courts. The massive and worrying increase of death sentences recorded in Nigeria in 2017 goes against the global and African trend towards the abolition of the death penalty.The World Coalition and its members in Nigeria will closely follow the recommendations that the African Commission will address to Nigeria regarding the abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritania ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1719] => Array ( [objectID] => 4367 [title] => Mandatory Death Penalty for Blasphemy in Mauritania [timestamp] => 1525996800 [date] => 11/05/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mandatory-death-penalty-for-blasphemy-in-mauritania/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4323e308ab7c741a9a12a5ec55c31d8b_2-1-500x253.png [extrait] => Through this joint statement twenty one national and international NGOs, calls upon Mauritanian authorities to reverse the recent adoption of a law on apostasy related crimes making the death penalty mandatory for blasphemy. [texte] => Law Passed as Country Hosts African Human Rights BodyMauritanian authorities should reverse the recent adoption of a law on apostasy related crimes making the death penalty mandatory for “blasphemous speech” and “sacrilegious acts”, 21 national and international non-governmental organizations said today. The authorities should also end the arbitrary detention and guarantee the safety of a blogger, Mohamed Cheikh Ould Mkhaïtir, whose case appears to be related to the timing of the law. Mkhaïtir was convicted of apostasy and sentenced to death in December 2014 before a court reduced his punishment to two years imprisonment. Although his sentence has expired, the authorities continue to detain him.The National Assembly passed a law on April 27, 2018 that replaces article 306 of the Criminal Code and makes death penalty mandatory for anyone convicted of “blasphemous speech” and acts deemed “sacrilegious”. The new law eliminates the possibility under article 306 of substituting prison terms for the death penalty for certain apostasy-related crimes if the offender promptly repents. The law also extends the scope of application of the death penalty to “renegade acts.”The law also provides for a sentence of up to two years in prison and a fine of up to 600,000 Ouguiyas (approximately EUR 13,804) for “offending public indecency and Islamic values” and for “breaching Allah’s prohibitions” or assisting in their breach.The National Assembly passed this law as the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) held its 62nd Ordinary Session in Nouakchott, the capital. The ACHPR has repeatedly said that countries should abolish the death penalty or establish a moratorium in line with the continental and global trend. In particular, the ACHPR emphasized: “In those States which have not yet abolished the death penalty it is vital that it is used for only the most serious crimes – understood to be crimes involving intentional killing. (…) Those sentenced to death have the right to seek clemency, pardon or commutation through a transparent process with due process of law.”In addition, the United Nations has repeatedly stated that the mandatory imposition of the death penalty, even for the most serious crimes, is prohibited under international human rights law.Mauritania has not carried out any execution since 1987. It has ratified numerous international human rights treaties including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention against Torture and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ rights that protect the right to life. The adoption of the law making the death penalty mandatory for certain apostasy related crimes is a huge step backward from the abolition of the death penalty.Mkhaïtir's caseThe timing of the law appears to be related to the Mkhaïtir case. In 2014, a Nouadhibou court sentenced Mkhaïtir to death for apostasy under article 306 for posting an article online denouncing the use of religion to legitimize discriminatory practices against the blacksmith caste in Mauritania with which he identifies.However, on November 9, 2017, the Court of Appeals of Nouadhibou commuted Mkhaïtir’s death penalty to a two-year prison term and a fine, after recognizing his repentance. A week later, the Council of Ministers approved the draft law to repeal and replace article 306.Since Mkhaïtir had already served almost three years in detention by the time that the Court of Appeals reduced his sentence, he should have been released. However, he remains in incommunicado detention. On May 2, 2018 the Mauritanian authorities informed the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) that Mkhaïtir was in “administrative detention for his own safety”.Throughout the legal proceedings against Mkhaïtir, thousands of protesters took to the streets in several towns, including Nouadhibou and Nouakchott, demanding that Mkhaïtir be sentenced to death and executed. He continued to receive death threats when he was in prison. His relatives, friends and supporters also received death threats.In addition to Mkhaïtir, other Mauritanians who speak out against slavery and discrimination in Mauritania risk reprisals, including arbitrary arrests, torture and other ill-treatments, bans on their activities or their organizations.SIGNATORY ORGANIZATIONSAction des Chrétiens pour l’abolition de la Torture France ; Amnesty International; Anti-Slavery International; Association des Femmes Chefs de Famille (Mauritanie) ; Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l'Homme (Mauritanie) ; Committee to Protect Journalist ; Comité de Solidarité avec les Victimes des Violations des Droits Humains (Mauritanie) ; Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort ; Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l'Homme ; Forum des Organisations Nationales des Droits de l’Homme en Mauritanie (Mauritanie) ; Freedom Now ; Groupe d’Etudes et de Recherches sur la Démocratie et le Développement Economique et Social (Mauritanie) ; Human Rights Watch ; Initiative de la Résurgence du Mouvement Abolitionniste (Mauritanie) ; International Humanist and Ethical Union; PEN America; PEN International; Reporters Sans Frontières ; SOS Esclaves (Mauritanie) ; Touche pas à ma nationalité (Mauritanie) ; World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Translated by Amnesty International (Original in French) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mauritania ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1720] => Array ( [objectID] => 4368 [title] => “Unknown Assailants: A Threat to Human Rights” [timestamp] => 1525392000 [date] => 04/05/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/unknown-assailants-a-threat-to-human-rights/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/472e903072afc13640baa3403f3c3b26_2-1-500x253.png [extrait] => So is named The Tanzania Human Rights Report of 2017 released by the Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC).This report was published on April 25th, 2018 and it enlights for the fifteenth time the major human rights violations in Tanzania. This report, while it deals with human rights violation in Tanzania concerning civil and politial rights, freedom of violence, freedom of expression, also presents the death penalty as an issue in the coutnry and called the President for its abolition. [texte] => This Tanzania Human Rights report of 2017 urgently called for President John Magufuli’s abolishment of the capital sentence in the country. Tanzania a moratoria countryTanzania is considered to be an abolitionist state when it comes to death penalty, despite the penalty being recognized as a legal sanction under the Penal Code and continuing to be handed down by courts of law. Besides that, it should be noted that the last time a people on death row was executed in Tanzania was more than 20 years ago, which is why the country is considered to be in a state of moratorium. Nevertheless, death sentences continued to exist and be imposed in 2017, despite repeated calls for abolition by human rights activists and stakeholders, including LHRC. For instance, as of June 2017, there were 465 death row inmates, 445 male and 20 female.Amnesty International in its report, in 2016, indicated that 19 death sentences were imposed in Tanzania. For the year 2017 the organisation has not released the figures but LHRC was able to document that at least 15 death sentences through media survey.Positive noteIn 2017, President John Pombe Magufuli declared that he will not sign any death penalty warrant to order execution of death penalty convicts and pardons 61 death row inmates. This is a positive step towards abolition of death penalty in Tanzania in line with the growing worldwide trend against death penalty.Death penalty as tortureLHRC “commends” and encourage the President and his Government “to go further and take initiative to abolish death penalty as it is a cruel and inhuman punishment that constitutes torture and violates the fundamental right to life”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1721] => Array ( [objectID] => 4369 [title] => “It’s in Africa that we find the strongest dynamics towards abolition” [timestamp] => 1524528000 [date] => 24/04/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/its-in-africa-that-we-find-the-strongest-dynamics-towards-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d58561476dd6d621de0f75eaa3a28a42_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => The third regional Congress against the death penalty was held in Côte d’Ivoire, in Abidjan, in 2018 from April 9 to 10th. This is a natural choice when one can know that Africa is named “next abolitionist continent” and that civil society recognized it as such. [texte] => “It’s in Africa that we find the strongest dynamics towards abolition”By these words, Namizata Sangare, National Commission of Human Right’s president in Côte d’Ivoire, justify the holding of the third regional Congress in Africa.Africa « next abolitionist continent »This Congress offers opportunity for the civil society and different international and regional abolitionist actors to sensitize and request African countries on the death penalty issue, especially for moratorium (17) and retentionist countries.This Congress was a federative event, and, while it served as a reminder of the universal will to abolish the death penalty, it did not fail to mention the context in which the issue is evolving, here, in Africa.As part of the round tables and the various panels that were proposed, regional issues emerged, and the relevance of the speaker's comments was highly appreciated. One of the most successful roundtables was on the death penalty as a colonial legacy. This question was raised in the historical context of Africa and its speakers were able to establish an interesting dialogue by offering everyone the free interpretation of the arguments that were used.As part of the Congress, the presence of retentionist countries or in a moratorium situation was important. Several countries made commitments to abolition at the solemn opening ceremony.The Democratic Republic of Congo’s Minister of Human Rights has offered a voice for abolition by saying she hopes to be able to speak of abolition in her country in the coming years. Mr Djimet Arabi, Chad's Minister of Justice for Human Rights, said that his country would soon abolish the death penalty for all crimes: "Chad can not remain on the side-lines of abolition. It is inevitable that Chad will one day abolish the death penalty, even for terrorism.” Burkina Faso was not left behind with Mr Bessolé René Bagoro Minister of Justice: "My country is ready for abolition, parliament must now play its role".Greater than expected mobilizationBeyond the geographical and historical reasons that Africa represents for the establishment of such a Congress, African civil society also represents a significant factor in the struggle for abolition.The organizing association of the Congress, Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM) had established several participants around 200 to 300, however from the day one this figure was actually closer to 350-400 people. On the second day this figure decreased slightly. Such an event has attracted crowds, which represents for civil society, organizers and co-organizers a positive feedback on the work they do upstream.According to Namizata Sangare, "Ivorian public opinion is not in favour of the death penalty". Côte d'Ivoire is an abolitionist country since 2000, but it has not yet ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which will serve as a deadlock for abolition in the country. Therefore, the support of the population in the fight for abolition is important, particularly to raise awareness among the competent authorities and enable organizations to rely on public opinion in their advocacy. The Congress also provided a link between the two World Days in 2017, on the death penalty and poverty, and 2018, on death row's conditions. The Plenary of the Congress played this role and aimed to link these two World Days, even if it focused mainly on poverty, and less on conditions of detention. Thus, World Day 2018 will be an opportunity to educate and inform more fully on the subject.As part of this Congress, African culture was very present, colours, fabrics and music played their role to make this Congress festive. On the cultural evening on Tuesday, April 10th the reggae singer Kajeem came to give a concert against the death penalty. The evening was very successful and lively thanks to the rhythm of Kajeem, his musicians and enthusiastic participants. As part of his songs, Kajeem was able to put forward one of the objectives of abolitionist civil society, to educate young people in this fight. Throughout the Congress, young people were put forward and actively participated through different directions, either to continue the fight, or to act and advance abolition in their own countries, especially with a workshop devoted to youth mobilization and good practices for abolition.A proactive civil societyThis Congress also enabled the various NGOs and abolitionist associations to meet up.Thus, a capitalisation workshop on the abolitionist movement in Africa was held on Monday, April, 9th. It was a workshop organised by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and the International Federation of Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture (FIACAT) to discuss the project for the abolition of the death penalty in Africa, which was set up in 2015 and is nearing its end. The objective of this workshop was to meet all the members who participated in this project and to work together on the methods, means and activities used to improve the continuity of the project.Different working groups have been set up depending on the geographical areas and the situation of the country regarding the death penalty, which has made it better to work specifically on identical issues that are well known to the members. Each one, rich of his personal experience within his country, could bring his feelings and give recommendations for the continuation.This Congress was an opportunity to take stock of the real impact of civil society in the various African countries: it is committed to defending the fight for abolition and is very active despite the difficulties.In addition to these meetings, one of the highlights of this Congress was the meeting with people freed from death row. Their testimonies are edifying, it not only gives meaning to the abolitionist struggle, but even more it humanizes the struggle.Both at the level of civil society and at the political level, these testimonies have once again made it possible to understand and confirm the real issue of abolition.The Regional Congress a real soft law instrumentOn the closing ceremony, Ms Seynabou Benga took the floor and reminded the various debates during the congress and the commitments made.The final declaration, read by Ms Jacqueline Moudeina, a lawyer from Chad, perfectly summarizes the achievements of this congress and the road that remains to be travelled to achieve abolition in the region. It enables organizations in the field to remind these countries, through their advocacy, of the commitments they have made.Their statements, although they do not represent any official character, are an opening to abolition on which civil society actors can rely.Aurélie Plaçais, director of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, said in an interview with ECPM, "In ten years, I think that nearly all of sub-Saharan Africa will have abolished the death penalty”. Let us hope that the Regional Congress is only the beginning of an intergenerational and consensual gathering for the abolition of the death penalty in this continent.Picture: ©Christophe Meireis. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1722] => Array ( [objectID] => 4370 [title] => Why Jordan resumed executing people on the death row? [timestamp] => 1524009600 [date] => 18/04/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/why-jordan-resumed-executing-people-on-the-death-row/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4d8c06a69fd746b0f749bb9fb9a5fbc6_2-1-500x250.png [extrait] => For eight years since June 2006, Jordan was adopting a moratorium on the death penalty. However, on the 21st of December 2014, 11 people were hung in Swaqa Prison, thus, triggering questions about the timing and the reasons behind the resumption of the death penalty in Jordan. It is arguable that the internal political pressures on the government have fuelled this setback which was further eased through the international political opportunity of Jordan’s role in the war on terrorism. [texte] => The War on Terrorism‘The country’s current importance in the region amid the war on the Islamic State makes it more confident of implementing such a penalty’ (Oddone 2015). In 2005, following international pressures with regards to the human rights’ conditions in the Jordanian Kingdom and the continuation of the executions in a large number of crimes, King Abdullah announced that ‘Jordan “could soon become the first country in the Middle East without capital punishment.”’ In 2006, the UN Human Rights Council protested the wide scale of crimes deemed punishable by death in the Jordanian Laws. In response, in 2007, the King announced that executions would be on hold until further notice. The dependency of the Kingdom on the economic aid and the political support from the US and the EU countries has driven its anti-death penalty policy in the mid-2000s, with promises for bilateral treaties for the exchange of criminals and special facilities for Jordanians entering the EU. However, it appears that, following the soaring in the terrorist activities with the expansion of ISIS, Jordan was granted a new place in the international arena as an ally in the war on terrorism. The resumption of the death penalty was feared in the past amid worries that the international aid might be conditional on making progress in Jordan’s human rights conditions and taking steps towards the abolishment of the death penalty. However, as Jordan entered the war on terrorism, it became more confident that resuming the death penalty will not be faced with grave consequences, especially with regards to the flow of the aid to the country (El Sabagh 2014). As Oddone reports citing political analyst Oraib al-Rantawi, Jordan faces condemnation from W estern countries [but] without pressure or conditionality regarding economic assistance or political support,” Rantawi said. “The country’s current importance in the region amid the war on the Islamic State makes it more confident of implementing such a penalty” (2015). Deterrence & The Image of The State‘“The aim was to send a clear message to anyone who tries to undermine the security of the country.” Executions are “the fate of all those who carry out criminal offences”’ (The Attorney General for Amman district). With the new international circumstances that secured Jordan’s economic aid from human rights’ pressures, coupled with the survival of the Kingdom from the drastic political changes that accompanied the 2011 uprisings without a radical change of the regime, the death penalty was a tempting policy to adopt in advancement of the state’s image as strong and secure. Thus, in the face of the internal political pressures on the government’s performance economically, especially in relation to the high levels of unemployment and poverty, the Kingdom needed to boost its image and popularity by resuming the death penalty under the justification of its policy of deterring and fighting crimes and terrorism. Further, the resumption of the death penalty was a way of appeasing large segments of the population who supported the death penalty as it conforms with the traditional tribunal ideology of revenge. The Interior Ministry announced on the morning of the executions in December 21st, 2014 that deterrence is the main aim of the restoration of the death penalty following an increase in the crime rates since the ban. Nevertheless, many commentators have expressed their objection to such a statement, arguing that the increase in the crime rates is associated with the growth of the population ‘from six million to more than nine in less than five years (which) must be a factor accounting for the increasing of criminality.’ Over the following years, what started as executing people for the purpose of deterring crimes of murder and rape, turned into a revenge policy for the terrorism crimes committed against Jordanians. In 2015, Jordan executed Sajida Al Rashawi who was involved in the 2005 Amman Bombings and Karboli who was a member of Al-Qaeda and convicted of killing a Jordanian national, in revenge for the burning alive of Jordanian pilot Moaz al-Kasasbeh. In 2017, further 15 people were executed, 10 of whom were convicted for terrorism-related offences. Reports have indicated that the choice of the offenders to be executed was not random, rather, the executed individuals were particularly known for well-publicized crimes that occupied the public opinion in Jordan for a long time, in a further emphasis on increasing the legitimacy and the image of the state as strong and tough on crimes. An assessment of the resumption of the death penalty after three years now shows that the penalty did not show any sign of success. With relation to the deterrence of the crimes of murder and rape which are punishable by death in the Jordanian laws, there has been no evidence showing a reduction in the crimes’ rates or an enhancement of the security conditions as a result of the application of the death penalty. In relation to the deterrence of terrorism-related crimes, the terrorist attacks continued during the years 2015 and 2016, as Sánchez reported. In November 2015 an attack took place in Muwaqqar against the military that killed 6; in March 2016 the Irbid cell was disrupted; in June 2016 the attack on Baqa’a refugee camp GID office; the assassination of the writer Nahed Hattar in September 2016, and the attack in Karak in December 2016, together with several attacks by extremist groups on the Syrian border against the Jordanian military.In conclusion, Jordan’s resumption of the death penalty seems to be a classic case of a choice of facing violence with violence. Instead of directing the state’s efforts towards the eradication of the economic and social problems that drive the high crimes rates, raising awareness against the traditional tribal ideology of revenge, and fighting the extremist ideology of ISIS, Jordan has chosen to kill the offenders in a move aspiring for a deterrence that has proven to be unsuccessful. As Kuttab advances ‘much more serious political, social and economic reform is needed to lower the rates of crime and terror.’ One can hope, that given the lack of the success of the death penalty in achieving any of the announced aims of the Kingdom that it would reconsider its stance and move towards the abolishment of the death penalty. However, such hope seems minimal as the prevalent voice of violence and the war on terrorism continues to govern the scene.Hend Hanafy is a PhD Candidate,  Faculty of Law University of Cambridge. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jordan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1723] => Array ( [objectID] => 4371 [title] => Death Sentences and Executions in 2017 [timestamp] => 1523491200 [date] => 12/04/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2017/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/04b63334d59b46dfee31898ef102d5be_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => Amnesty International published its international global review of the death penalty on Tuesday, 12th April 2018.At least 993 executions in 23 countries in 2017 were recorded, down by 4% from 2016 (1,032 executions) and 39% from 2015 (when the organization reported 1,634 executions, the highest number since 1989). China remained the world’s top executioner, but excluding China, 84% of all reported executions took place in just four countries – Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Pakistan. [texte] => Global figuresAmnesty International’s research points to a further decrease in the global use of the death penalty in 2017, down from the high peaks recorded for total executions in 2015 and death sentences in 2016. The number of countries carrying out executions and imposing death sentences remained in line with figures recorded in recent years. Two countries abolished the death penalty for all crimes and a third country became abolitionist for ordinary crimes such as murder. Several other countries took steps to restrict the use of this punishment. At the end of 2017, 106 countries had abolished the death penalty in law for all crimes and 142 countries had abolished the death penalty in law or practice.These figures reaffirm, once again, the global trend towards abolition of the death penalty. Only an isolated minority of countries continue to resort to executions. Just four countries were responsible for 84% of all recorded executions in 2017.Africa, future abolitionist continentThis positive trend was exemplified by the sub-Saharan Africa region, where Amnesty International recorded a drop in the number of executing countries, from five in 2016 to two in 2017, and saw a significant decrease in the number of death sentences imposed. Additionally, Guinea abolished the death penalty for all crimes and Kenya abolished the mandatory death penalty for murder. The number of abolitionist countries in the region now stands at 20, from just one in 1981 when the first country abolished this punishment.Trend toward abolition of the mandatory death penalty for drug offencesAmnesty International recorded a noticeable decrease in the overall number of executions carried out for drug -related offences. Additionally, Iran and Malaysia – two staunch supporters of the use of the death penalty for drug – related offences – adopted legislative amendments that could reduce the use of the mandatory death penalty for these offences.These important developments confirmed that the world has passed a tipping point and that the abolition of the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment is within reach. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1724] => Array ( [objectID] => 4372 [title] => World Coalition welcomes the success of the Regional Congress in Africa [timestamp] => 1523491200 [date] => 12/04/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-welcomes-the-success-of-the-regional-congress-in-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6abceeb4e5eaa0797f164fd886b52b8e_2-1-500x241.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty held its Steering Committee meeting on 11/04/2018 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, following the Regional Congress held on 09-10 April 2018. [texte] => This congress organised by ECPM, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, FIACAT and the CNDH-CI, was a great success. Political decision-makers, government figures, institutions, NGOs, the media, former death row prisoners, and citizens attended the opening ceremony, which was marked by the speeches of Ministers, institutional representatives and representatives of NGOs, including the President of the World Coalition and the Executive Director of ECPM who provided strong and meaningful messages.All the speeches were in line with the view that Africa and humanity are moving towards the victory of the right to life and the abolition of the death penalty and the work of various local, regional and global dynamics during these two days reiterated the same objectives expressed during the opening.On this occasion, the Steering Committee congratulates the organisers for the success of the Regional Congress from the opening to the closing, as well as during the artistic evening event that followed.The Steering Committee met on 11 April and after a first feedback on the Regional Congress, continued with the various agenda items, including the adoption of the 2017 Activity Report.The Steering Committee commends the efforts of the Executive Board as well as the staff of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and calls on all member organizations to prepare themselves to increase their efforts and awareness in view of future events, such as: vote on the UNGA moratorium resolution, World Day against the Death Penalty, activities at the national level, the World Congress; and to use and disseminate all the tools and content developed by the World Coalition and to develop new tools. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1725] => Array ( [objectID] => 4373 [title] => No reason to delay commencement of DDAA 2017 [timestamp] => 1522800000 [date] => 04/04/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/no-reason-to-delay-commencement-of-ddaa-2017/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3e251510525b42a07b104e1b6f66dd99_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => The Dangerous Drugs Amendment Act which was passed by the Parliament and received a Royal Assent on December 27, 2017, only came into force on March 15, 2018.This statement deals with the fact that there was no reasons to this delay and it has condemned 10 persons to the mandatory dealph penalty for drug trafficking between december and february. [texte] => 10 SENTENCED TO DEATH BECAUSE DELAY OF COMING INTO FORCE LAW THAT ABOLISHES MANDATORY DEATH PENALTY FOR DRUG TRAFFICKINGAbolish Death PenaltyWe, the 44 undersigned organisations, groups and trade unions are most disturbed and saddened that at least 10 persons, as reported in the media, have been been victims of the mandatory death penalty for drug trafficking despite the fact that Parliament had already passed the law abolishing mandatory death penalty and returning sentencing discretion to judges vide the Dangerous Drugs Amendment Act 2017.This Act, which was passed by Parliament and received royal assent on 27/12/2017, cannot now be used by judges to consider alternatives to the death penalty sentence until the Minister do the needful that will enable this life saving law to come into force. A perusal of the Malaysia’s Federal Gazatte website will disclose that many other laws that have obtained royal assent at the same time as the Dangerous Drugs Amendment Act 2017(DDAA 2017), or later, are already in force.Section 3(2) of Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 2017 states, "(2) Any proceedings against any person who has been charged, whether or not trial has commenced or has been completed, and has not been convicted under section 39b of the principal Act by a competent Court before the appointed date, shall on the appointed date be dealt with by the competent Court and be continued under the provisions of the principal Act as amended by this Act."This DDAA 2017, when it comes to force, will only be applicable for cases where the accused person is not yet convicted. As such, if the court convicts before the new law comes into force, then the Judge is left with no choice but to impose the mandatory death penalty.To date, based on media reports only, there are at least 10 persons, 5 Malaysians and 5 foreign nationals, who have suffered grave injustice by being convicted and sentenced to death simply because of the Minister’s delay in doing the needful:- S. Pragasam(30) – Ipoh High Court(Malay Mail, 9/2/2018)- Ong Cheng Yaw(33) and San Kim Huat(38) – Kuala Lumpur High Court (Malaysian Insight, 8/2/2018)- Jonas Chihurumnanya(Nigerian) – Kuching High Court (The Borneo Post, 30/1/2018)- S. Gopi Kumar(33) – KL High Court( (The Sun Daily, 24/1/2018)- A. Sargunan(42), and four Indian nationals, namely Sumesh Sudhakaran(30), Alex Aby Jacob Alexander(37), Renjith Raveendran(28), and Sajith Sadanandan(29) – Shah Alam High Court (The Sun Daily, 22/1/2018)A perusal of the website of the Malaysian e-Federal Gazette, discloses that several other Acts that also received royal assent on 27/12/2017, came into force on 30/12/2017. Some Acts that received royal assent on 29/12/2018 also came into force on 11/1/2018. Now, if the Dangerous Drugs Amendment Act 2017, had come into force fast, then these 10 persons, now on death row, may not even have been sentenced to death.The new law, when it finally comes into force, does not provide the Courts, including the Appellate courts, the power to vary the death sentence of those already convicted by the High Court to imprisonment, unless the conviction itself is set aside on appeal. In an ordinary criminal appeal, the convicted has the right to appeal against the conviction, and also appeal against the sentence. However, when the law provides for a mandatory sentence, in this case the death penalty, when the accused person fails in his/her appeal against conviction, then the courts cannot even review the appropriateness of the sentence as the law only provides for only one sentence is available – the death penalty for drug trafficking.The dilemma facing judges, who are still denied discretion when it comes to sentencing until the new law is in force, is reflected by words of the judge that sentenced 5 persons to death -"Since there is only one sentence provided for under Section 39B of the Act, the court hereby sentences all the accused to death," he [Judge Datuk Ghazali Cha] said.’. (The Sun Daily, 22/1/2018)When the new law finally do come into force, the judge will have an option other than the death sentence, being life imprisonment with whipping of not less than 15 strokes.Existing Inadequacies No Reason For DelayThere are still many flaws in the new Dangerous Drugs Amendment Act 2017, including the limitations imposed as to the matters that the judge can or should consider when deciding on an appropriate sentence, which goes against normal practice in other criminal trials where there are almost no restrictions as to the matters that can be considered by the judge in the exercise of his sentencing discretion. There have also been criticisms about the limited options that will be available, as it would certainly be more just for judges to be able to sentence persons to a lower prison sentence in appropriate cases and not just to life imprisonment only.The new law, sadly, do not provide any remedy to those already convicted and/or for the 800 or more currently on death row by reason of having been convicted for drug trafficking.Be that as it may, the new law does abolish the mandatory death penalty, and many who will be convicted after the law is in force, may end up not being sentenced to death.There is always the option to amend laws later to correct any existing defects, and that certainly is no excuse for delaying the coming into force the DDAA 2017.It is most disturbing that no reasons seem to have been given by the government and/or the Minister for this delay, which adversely affects persons like the 10, who now are facing the hangman’s noose.Many of the persons convicted for this offence may even be first time offenders, young people, and /or persons forced into crime by reasons of poverty. As such, government may also bear some responsibility in allowing a situation where the poor are left with no option but crime just for the wellbeing of themselves and their family.Some of those convicted and sentenced to death may also be parents and/or siblings of children, and most certainly death sentence can never be said to be in the best interest of the child. Malaysia, being a signatory of the Child Rights Convention(CRC), has an obligation to ensure also that no parent, sibling or relatives of children are sentenced to death.Abolition of Death Penalty and Mandatory Death PenaltyMinister in the Prime Minister's Department Datuk Seri Azalina Othman, the new de facto Law Minister, during the Parliamentary session on 2/11/2016 clarified that Malaysia was not just looking at the mandatory death penalty, but all death penalty.( "(The Sun Daily, 3/11/2016)Currently in Malaysia, even after the mandatory death penalty is abolished for drug trafficking, there still remains about 11 other offences that provide for the mandatory death penalty, while about 20 other offences are punishable by a discretionary death penalty. Some of these mandatory death penalty offences are offences that do not even cause the loss of life or grievous bodily harm.Malaysia must expedite the abolition of the death penalty, especially the mandatory death penalty.THEREFORE, we:a) Call on Malaysia to immediately put into force the Dangerous Drugs Amendment Act 2017, which to date the delay has already caused at least 10 persons to be sentenced to death because drug trafficking is still a mandatory death penalty offence until the new law is in force;b) Call on Malaysia to immediately cause to stay criminal trials of alleged drug traffickers until the new law is in force, which would give judges discretion to impose a sentence other than the death penalty;c) Call on Malaysia to expedite the abolition of death penalty, especially the mandatory for all remaining death penalty offences;d) Call on Malaysia to impose a m [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1726] => Array ( [objectID] => 4374 [title] => Joint statement of the death penalty in Japan [timestamp] => 1522368000 [date] => 30/03/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-statement-of-the-death-penalty-in-japan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7231737828836f52a1eaf75f18bdf946_2-1-500x253.png [extrait] => Joint Statement signed by Center for Prisoners' Rights and Japan Innocence & Death Penalty Information Center to to call Japanese government for a sincere dialogue while condemning the government for refusing a dialogue with international communityand not accepting capital punishment as a human rights issue. [texte] => I IntroductionThe United Nations Human Rights Council completed the third cycle of the Universal Periodic Review of Japan on 19 March 2018. The stance of the Japanese government regarding the treatment of prisoners and capital punishment opposed our view. The government has promised efforts to improve prison conditions in principle, but it has not accepted any recommendations regarding capital punishment.II Foreign views of Japan: Promises to improve the treatment of prisoners.In regard to prisoner treatment within Japan, several foreign countries have made recommendations. Panama has called for the modification of regulations concerning solitary confinement. Sweden and Canada has called for the improvement of medical and dental care, as well as the implementation of heating and cooling at all institutions. France requested greater protection of the rights of those sentenced to death. Denmark urged stricter conformity with the Standard Minimum Rules on Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules). Spain and Zambia issued similar recommendations. Many governments recommended that Japan accede to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.Although the Japanese government did not clearly accept these recommendations, it has reported progress in improving prison conditions. Among these are medical care and the installation of heating and cooling. It has also indicated that inmates sentenced to death have been treated appropriately.Needless to say, Japanese penal facilities still face serious problems in regard to medical care, the lack of heat, and solitary confinement. We note that due to the introduction of Correctional Medical Staff Act, and, the establishment of the East Japan Correctional Medical Center, prisons’ medical staffing and medical services have been improved.However, many inmates claim that it takes many days to see a doctor, and that access to adequate medical care is often denied. Few facilities have proper heating or cooling systems, except for those units in the extreme regions. Some inmates even suffer from frostbite.Nonetheless, we appreciate that the government shares these concerns, and promises to make efforts for improvement in response to the international community’s recommendations.III Not accepting all recommendations regarding death penalty.In this year's review, 37 countries called for the abolition of capital punishment, or, a moratorium on the use of capital punishment, as well as the ratification of the second optional protocol to ICCPR. These include the following specific and relatively easy-to-implement recommendations:1) establishing a moratorium on the application of the death penalty, and the abolishment of capital punishment (Brazil).2) a system of mandatory appeals in death penalty cases (Switzerland); ensuring the protection of the rights of those sentenced to death, by guaranteeing among other things the suspensive effect of any appeal request or claim to review the trial (France).3) designation of an official body to promote informed debate on the reform of the death penalty (Austria).4) consideration of a capital punishment moratorium, and public debate about the future use of the death penalty (Canada).Nevertheless, the Japanese government did not accept any of these recommendations. It retorted, “Japan believes that each sovereign country should be allowed to make decisions on the issue of the death penalty independently. Domestic public opinion, the existence of extremely vicious crimes, and other factors make abolishment of the death penalty inappropriate. A temporary moratorium is also inappropriate, since the final judgement must be executed impartially and thoroughly under the rule of law.”It is clear that the Japanese government denies that capital punishment is a fundamental human rights issue based on article 6 of the ICCPR. Such a stubborn attitude raises serious concerns about Japan’s commitment to promoting human rights.IV The government's response to the foreign community is unforgivable.The Japanese government has continued executions, even after the past two cycles of the UPR. The government executed three death row inmates on 17 June 2008, immediately after the outcome document of the first cycle was adopted on 12 June 2008. It executed two death row inmates on April 26, 2014, one month after the outcome document of the second cycle was adopted on 14 March 2013. On 14 March 2018, when the UN Human Rights Council was about to adopt another outcome document, the Ministry of Justice transferred 7 of the 13 Aum Shinrikyo cult members on death row from the Tokyo Detention House to other facilities.The Ministry offered the lame explanation that the transfer was simply to detain the accomplices separately. We believe that the Ministry of Justice wants to house the defendants in different detention centers in order to carry out mass executions at the same time.It is unusual to execute those who are seeking retrial. This changed in July of 2017. Many of the 13 Aum members on death row are seeking retrial. We fear that they might be executed despite exercising legal claims for retrial.Japan is a member of the UN Human Rights Council, and it will host the UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice in Kyoto in 2020. Furthermore, Japan will host the summer Olympics that year. If the government ignores calls from the international community, and chooses to carry out executions, whether they are Aum Shinrikyo cult members or other inmates on death row, Japan will be degraded.We demand that the government reconsider its antiquated and cruel stance regarding the death penalty. If the government carries out a mass execution, Japan’s international reputation will be irreparably damaged. We demand that the Minister of Justice, Ms Yoko KAMIKAWA, hold back mass executions, and under the power of reason, step forwards and enter into a dialogue.March 30th, 2018Center for Prisoners’ Rights (CPR)Japan Innocence & Death Penalty Information Center (JIADEP) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1727] => Array ( [objectID] => 4375 [title] => Justice Denied: A Global Study of Wrongful Death Row Convictions [timestamp] => 1522022400 [date] => 26/03/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/justice-denied-a-global-study-of-wrongful-death-row-convictions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/884daaa944071d2a2dec5643a02c1c09_2-300x300.png [extrait] => The report is a first-of-its-kind comparative study of wrongful convictions. The report illuminates the similarities in wrongful conviction in six countries: Cameroon, Indonesia, Jordan, Malawi, Nigeria, and Pakistan. [texte] => What animates the report, is not just crisp analysis. Instead, stories about the wrongfully convicted people who populate death rows around the world bring this problem to life. These men and women languish with little hope of freedom—or even of living out their natural lives—for the very same reasons they were condemned in the first place: lack of resources and lack of effective counsel.For capital defendants, poverty and injustice often go hand-in-hand. People who cannot afford to pay their own lawyers must accept whatever representation the state has chosen to fund. And most states grossly underfund and under-resource the public defenders and court-appointed counsel who defend those branded “the worst of the worst”. Low salaries, high caseloads, and difficult working conditions also deter experienced lawyers from taking these jobs.Aftab Bahadur was only 15 or 16 years old when he was convicted of killing a politically-connected woman and her two sons in Pakistan. At the time of his arrest, Aftab worked as a plumber’s apprentice. His meager wages weren’t enough to buy a lawyer’s time, so Aftab relied on his state-assigned counsel who failed to investigate even a basic biographical fact: Aftab’s age. Pakistani law forbids the execution of juveniles. But Aftab’s counsel never asked his age or gathered school records to confirm he was a child. So the judge, believing Aftab was 20 years old, sentenced him to death.Though pro bono lawyers represented Aftab in post-conviction proceedings, by that time, 20 years had passed. Records corroborating the alibi Aftab had given his trial counsel had been destroyed. Aftab’s family was too poor to negotiate a private reprieve available under Shariah law. And the President rejected his clemency petition without meaningful review. As the execution date approached, both the head prison warden and a recanting witness pleaded for Aftab’s life. Their efforts were not enough. Aftab was executed on June 10, 2015.Poor representation heightened Moctar Amadou and Salissou Moussa’s vulnerability as well. The two men, an uncle and nephew, were hauled before a military tribunal. Their village headman had accused them of crossing into Nigeria to provide medical care to injured Boko Haram fighters. The only evidence was the village headman’s word, and at the time, the three men were embroiled in disputes over the village chieftainship and a property inheritance matter. The state granted no resources for investigation and permitted trainee lawyers who were not licensed to practice law to represent them. The prosecution relied entirely on hearsay. Since none of the accusers testified, it was impossible to cross-examine them, and the defense presented no evidence of its own. Even so, the court convicted the men and sentenced them to death.Unlike Aftab, however, Moctar and Salissou had family who could afford to hire an experienced lawyer for their appeal. The family convinced nine witnesses to travel to the intimidating, distant military tribunal for the appeal hearing and covered all of their travel expenses. The witnesses established the men’s alibis and explained the accusers’ political motivations to the court. In a rare act, the military tribunal overturned Moctar and Salissou’s convictions, finding that they had been based on rumor. Had their families been poor, they would still be on death row today.While Aftab, Moctar, and Sailssou’s stories are unsettling, they are far from uncommon. Every country that retains the death penalty runs the risk of executing innocent people. As these men’s stories show, that risk is even higher for vulnerable people—especially the poor. Though no system, however well-funded, can entirely eliminate error, the reversal of Moctar and Salissou’s convictions shows the difference experienced, resourced legal counsel can make. As long as states fail to fund the representation of capital defendants, they undervalue justice, and innocent people pay the price. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon [1] => Indonesia [2] => Jordan [3] => Malawi [4] => Nigeria [5] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1728] => Array ( [objectID] => 4376 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences, A Global Overview 2017 [timestamp] => 1522022400 [date] => 26/03/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-a-global-overview-2017/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ed93877ba42c686f9f9bf120eb03a3dd_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => This report identifies 33 countries and territories that retain the death penalty for drug offences, including nine in which the sentence is mandatory. Hundreds of people continue to be executed for non-violent drug offences every year by a small minority of States committed to aggressively pursuing extremely harsh penalties for drug crimes, in clear violation of international law. [texte] => Among the key findings from the 2017 Global Overview report: At least 33 countries and territories prescribe the death penalty for drug offences in law. At least nine countries still have the death penalty for drug offences as a mandatory sanction, although three of these (Brunei Darussalam, Laos and Myanmar) are abolitionist in practice. Malaysia removed the mandatory sentence for drug offences in November 2017. Between January 2015 and December 2017, at least 1,320 people are known to have been executed for drug-related offences - 718 in 2015; 325 in 2016; and 280 in 2017. These estimates do not include China, as reliable figures continue to be unavailable for the country. Taking China out of the equation due to a lack of data, Iran has been the world’s top executioner for drug offences by far, with at least 1,176 executions carried out since January 2015. That amounts to nearly 90% of all known drug-related executions during that period. Between 2015 and 2017, executions for drug offences took place in at least five countries: China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and Singapore.The report also reveals a critical tension: the situation is at once improving and deteriorating. On the one hand, recent positive developments provide a glimmer of hope that the tide could finally be shifting. At the national level, executions for drug offences have been steadily declining in High Application States since 2015, and important legal and policy changes have taken place in several countries, including Iran, Thailand and Malaysia.At the international level, political support for the abolition of the death penalty for drug offences is also gaining considerable momentum. The 2016 UN General Assembly Special Session on Drugs failed to reach consensus on the death penalty for drug offences, but 73 countries expressed strong support for abolition, proving that the issue is firmly on the radar of the global community.On the other hand, these signs of progress are being overshadowed by the surge in extrajudicial executions of people accused of using or selling drugs in the Philippines. Worrying signs that Indonesia may be adopting a similar violent response, and the explicit support for President Duterte’s ‘war on drugs’ expressed by other countries in the region and beyond, raise serious concerns about whether we are seeing a new trend which could normalise the killing of people for drugs and undo years of steady progress. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1729] => Array ( [objectID] => 4377 [title] => Death Penalty in India in 2017 [timestamp] => 1522022400 [date] => 26/03/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-in-india-in-2017/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/11c162ba789ea6fd245d7005e85c82f1_2-1-500x332.png [extrait] => A report describing the use of the death penalty in India in 2017 in comparison with 2016 was recently released by the National Law University’s Death Penalty Research Project (based in New Delhi). [texte] => 2017 has been a year that presents significant challenges for the study of the death penalty in India. While there has been a drop of nearly 27% in the number of prisoners sentenced to death by Sessions Courts in 2017 (in 2016, 149 persons were sentenced to death, where as in 2017, 109 persons were sentenced to death), there have been significant legislative developments that expand the role of the death penalty in the Indian penological imagination. Moreover, this report reveals that legislative efforts by one state to precribe the death penalty for certain crimes encouraged other states to adopt similar strategies. Indeed, After Madhya Pradesh introduced legislation that prescribed the death penalty for the rape of minor girls, the governments of Rajasthanand Karnataka announced plans to bring similar legislation into force.Key facts:In 2017, the High Courts in India disposed cases involving 99 prisoners, 26 more than last year, moreover High Court acquittals saw a significant increase in 2017, whereas the number of confirmations reduced.About the nature of the crime: death penalty imposed for murder simpliciter and murder involving sexual violence constituted 74% of the total crimes in 2016 and 86% of the total crimes in 2017.For the criminal Appeals, only one involving the death penalty was decided by the Supreme Court in 2017, in comparison, the Supreme Court decided seven criminal appeals in 2016, confirming none, commuting seven, and acquitting three prisoners.Concerning the President's exercice of clemency power: the President of India disposed 9 mercy petitions during 2017, as compared to 6 during 2016. In 2017, 5 out of the 9 disposed petitions were rejected and the other 4 were commuted. In comparison, in 2016, only one prisoner was commuted by the President and mercy petitions of 5 prisoners were rejected. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1730] => Array ( [objectID] => 4378 [title] => Annual report on the death penalty in Iran 2017 [timestamp] => 1521676800 [date] => 22/03/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2017/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/87816b3fa7aa386ea6c1c82e5eaed704_2-1-500x293.png [extrait] => The report shows that in 2017 at least 517 people were executed in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This number is comparable with the execution figures in 2016 and confirms the relative reduction in the use of the death penalty compared to the period between 2010 and 2015. [texte] => In 2017, the process of introducing new amendments to the Anti-drug law entered a new phase. Thus, drug-related executions showed a 22% reduction compared with 2016. Commenting on the reduction in drug-related executions in 2017, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, IHR’s Director and spokesperson, said: “We welcome the new amendments in the Anti-Narcotics law which, if implemented properly, will commute several thousand death sentences. The Iranian authorities must make sure that the cases of all drug offenders on death row are reviewed automatically and the process must be closely monitored by the international community. Moreover, this must be the first step towards abolition of the death penalty for all drug offenses.”Whether the halt in drug-related executions is permanent remains to be seen. However, due to a significant increase in implementation of death sentences in murder cases, the total number of executions did not drop. Key facts:- At least 517 people were executed in 2017, an average of more than one execution per day.- 111 executions (21%) were announced by official sources.- Approximately 79% of all executions included in the 2017 report, i.e. 406 executions, were not announced by the authorities.- At least 240 people (46% of all executions) were executed for murder charges - 98 more than in 2016.- At least 231 people (45% of all executions) were executed for drug-related charges - 65 less than in 2016.- 31 executions were conducted in public spaces.- At least 5 juvenile offenders were among those executed.- At least 10 women were executed.- At least 254 executions in 2017 and more than 3,400 executions since 2010 have been based on death sentences issued by the Revolutionary Courts.- At least 221 death row prisoners were forgiven by the families of the murder victims [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1731] => Array ( [objectID] => 4379 [title] => U.S. sees second fewest death sentences and executions in 25 Years [timestamp] => 1521676800 [date] => 22/03/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/u-s-sees-second-fewest-death-sentences-and-executions-in-25-years/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b78ad55cb32f8e22e5664f9d37d9bd7e_2-1-500x254.png [extrait] => Public support for the death penalty drops to 45-Year low as four More death-row prisoners Exonerated in 2017. "The Death Penalty in 2017: Year End Report” is now available. [texte] => Executions and death sentences remained near historically low levels in 2017, as public support for the death penalty fell to its lowest level in 45 years, according to a report released today by the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC). Eight states carried out 23 executions, half the number of seven years ago, and the second lowest total since 1991. Only the 20 executions in 2016 were lower. Fourteen states and the federal government are projected to impose 39 new death sentences in 2017, the second lowest annual total since the U.S. Supreme Court declared the death penalty unconstitutional in 1972. It was the seventh year in a row that fewer than 100 death sentences were imposed nationwide.“The Death Penalty in 2017: Year End Report” is available at: https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/YearEnd2017. “Perhaps more than any place else, the changes in Harris County, Texas are symbolic of the long-term change in capital punishment in the United States. For the first time since 1974, the county that has carried out more executions than any other did not execute any prisoner or sentence any defendant to death,” said Robert Dunham, DPIC’s Executive Director.“Across the political spectrum, more people are coming to the view that there are better ways to keep us safe than executing a handful of offenders selected from a random death-penalty lottery. There will be times when numbers fluctuate – particularly following historic highs or lows – but the steady long-term decline in the death penalty since the 1990s suggests that in most of the country, the death penalty is becoming obsolete,” Dunham said. DPIC provides information and analysis and tracks data on the death penalty, but does not take a position for or against capital punishment. The new death sentences imposed in 2017 highlight the increasing geographic isolation and arbitrary nature of the death penalty, Dunham said. “By themselves, three outlier counties – Riverside, CA; Clark, NV; and Maricopa, AZ – were responsible for more than 30% of all the death sentences imposed nationwide. The other 3,140 counties and parishes imposed fewer new death sentences than even last year’s record low.” Riverside imposed five death sentences in 2017, Clark four, and Maricopa three, and no other county imposed as many as two. It was the second time in three years that Riverside sentenced more people to death than any other county. States scheduled 81 executions in 2017, but 58 of them – more than 70 percent – were never carried out. Nearly 75 percent of executions took place in four states: Texas (7); Arkansas (4); Florida (3); and Alabama (3). But Texas’s state courts stayed seven other executions using new laws to permit those prisoners to obtain judicial review of false or misleading evidence, and its execution total tied 2016 for the fewest conducted by the state since 1996.Systemic problems with racial discrimination, flawed or fraudulent forensic testimony, poor legal representation, and prosecutorial misconduct contributed to four death-row exonerations in 2017. In one exoneration this year, an African-American man in Louisiana had been convicted of killing his infant son, even though an autopsy showed his son died of natural causes. Many believe that the risk of executing the innocent is one of the leading factors behind the public’s decrease in support for the death penalty. According to the Gallup poll, public support for the death penalty dropped by five percent in 2017, and Republicans registered a 10-percentage point drop since last year. This year’s 55 percent support marks the lowest level since 1972, just before the U.S. Supreme Court ruled the nation’s death penalty laws unconstitutional.To speak with Robert Dunham, DPIC’s Executive Director, please contact Jonathan Moore at jmoore@deathpenaltyinfo.org or 202-289-4022.The Death Penalty Information Center (www.deathpenaltyinfo.org) is a non-profit organization serving the media and the public with analysis and information on issues concerning capital punishment. DPIC was founded in 1990 and prepares in-depth reports, issues press releases, conducts briefings for the media, and serves as a resource to those working on this issue. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1732] => Array ( [objectID] => 4380 [title] => Évaluation finale externe d’un projet de 36 mois sur l’abolition de la peine de mort en Afrique [timestamp] => 1520899200 [date] => 13/03/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/evaluation-finale-externe-dun-projet-de-36-mois-sur-labolition-de-la-peine-de-mort-en-afrique/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 1. OrganisationLa Fédération internationale de l’Action des chrétiens pour l’abolition de la torture, la FIACAT, est une organisation internationale non gouvernementale de défense des droits de l’homme, créée en 1987, qui lutte pour l’abolition de la torture et de la peine de mort. La Fédération regroupe une trentaine d’associations nationales, les ACAT, présentes sur quatre […] [texte] => 1. OrganisationLa Fédération internationale de l’Action des chrétiens pour l’abolition de la torture, la FIACAT, est une organisation internationale non gouvernementale de défense des droits de l’homme, créée en 1987, qui lutte pour l’abolition de la torture et de la peine de mort. La Fédération regroupe une trentaine d’associations nationales, les ACAT, présentes sur quatre continents.• La FIACAT représente ses membres auprès des organismes internationaux et régionauxElle bénéficie du Statut consultatif auprès des Nations Unies (ONU), du Statut participatif auprès du Conseil de l’Europe et du Statut d’Observateur auprès de la Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples (CADHP). La FIACAT est également accréditée auprès des instances de l’Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF).En relayant les préoccupations de terrain de ses membres devant les instances internationales, la FIACAT vise l’adoption de recommandations pertinentes et leur mise en œuvre par les gouvernements. La FIACAT concourt à l’application des Conventions internationales de défense des droits de l’homme, à la prévention des actes de torture dans les lieux privatifs de liberté, à la lutte contre les disparitions forcées et au combat contre l’impunité. Elle participe également à la lutte contre la peine de mort en incitant les Etats à abolir cette disposition dans leur législation.Pour être encore mieux entendue, la FIACAT est membre-fondateur de plusieurs collectifs d’action, notamment la Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort (WCADP), la Coalition internationale contre les disparitions forcées (ICAED) et le Human Rights and Democracy Network (HRDN).• La FIACAT renforce les capacités de son réseau de trente ACATLa FIACAT aide ses associations membres à se structurer. Elle soutient le processus qui fait des ACAT des acteurs de poids de la société civile, capables de sensibiliser l’opinion publique et d’avoir un impact sur les autorités de leur pays.Elle contribue à faire vivre le réseau en favorisant les échanges, en proposant des formations régionales ou internationales et des initiatives communes d’intervention. Ainsi, elle soutient les actions des ACAT et leur apporte un relais sur le plan international.2. ProgrammeContexteLes dernières années ont été marquées par de nombreuses avancées dans le combat abolitionniste au niveau mondial. Aujourd’hui, deux-tiers des pays du monde ont aboli la peine de mort en droit ou en pratique. Six résolutions appelant à un moratoire universel sur les exécutions capitales en vue de l’abolition de la peine de mort ont été adoptées à une large majorité par l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies en 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 et 2016. Le nombre d’États africains ayant voté en faveur de ces résolutions a augmenté : il est passé de 17 en 2007 à 27 en 2014, mais a baissé à 25 en 2016. Le nombre d’États africains à s’être opposés à ces résolutions a diminué de 12 en 2007 à 6 en 2014 et 7 en 2016.En 2014, d’après Amnesty International (AI), le nombre d’États d’Afrique sub-saharienne à avoir exécuté des condamnés à mort a baissé, il est passé de 5 en 2013 à 3 en 2014 (Guinée Équatoriale, Somalie et Soudan). Mais à l’inverse, 2 pays qui avaient suspendu les exécutions depuis 2013 les ont reprises en 2016 (Botswana et Nigeria). Le nombre d’exécutions a diminué en 2014 de 28% par rapport à 2013 et surtout de 49% de 2015 à 2016 : ainsi, AI estime le nombre d’exécutions en Afrique sub-saharienne à 46 en 2014, 43 en 2015 et 22 en 2016. A l’inverse, le nombre de condamnations à mort a fortement augmenté, AI a recensé au moins 909 condamnations à mort dans 18 pays en 2014 et 1 086 dans 17 pays en 2016.Au niveau continental, la Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples (CADHP) est l’organe de l’Union africaine chargé de surveiller la mise en œuvre de la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples. La CADHP a décidé de se saisir de la question de la peine de mort en 1999 en adoptant à Kigali (Rwanda), lors de sa 26ème Session ordinaire, une résolution « appelant les États à envisager un moratoire sur la peine capitale ». Pour renforcer son travail sur l’abolition de la peine de mort, la CADHP a créé en 2005 un mécanisme spécial, le Groupe de travail sur la peine de mort en Afrique.Le Groupe de travail a été mandaté, notamment pour réaliser une étude sur l’état de l’abolition de la peine de mort et d’élaborer des stratégies politiques et juridiques en vue de l’abolition. Finalisée en 2011, une « Étude sur la question de la peine de mort en Afrique » du Groupe de travail propose plusieurs stratégies pour l’abolition de la peine de mort, dont l’adoption d’un Protocole additionnel à la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples visant l’abolition de la peine de mort en Afrique (le Protocole). D’autres stratégies concernaient : « Des efforts constants visant à engager les États Parties sur la voie de l'abolition de la peine de mort, notamment à travers […] une approche proactive incluant l'adoption de programmes éducatifs et de sensibilisation aux droits de l'Homme à tous les niveaux, la mise au point d'une stratégie média en vue d'une prise de conscience publique de la nécessité d'abolir la peine de mort ». « Les stratégies qui doivent être développées dans le cadre d'activités de sensibilisation devront inclure, inter alia, des plaidoyers, la pression sur les décideurs, le soutien à la mise en place de coalitions régionales et nationales sur les droits de l'Homme, ainsi que le lancement de campagnes et pétitions pour l'abolition de la peine de mort ».L'action met l'accent sur la mise en œuvre de ces stratégies pour faciliter un environnement politique et juridique au sein de l'Union africaine et de ses États membres propice à l'abolition de la peine de mort grâce à l'adoption du Protocole africain sur l'abolition de la peine de mort. L'action vise à permettre au Groupe de travail et aux organisations de la société civile africaines de mener un plaidoyer ciblé dans les États rétentionnistes/abolitionnistes et les organes et institutions de l'UA afin de plaider en faveur de l'abolition et de contribuer à leur soutien en vue de l’adoption du protocole. L'action vise également à créer une synergie / mobilisation entre les OSC africaines dans leur plaidoyer en faveur de l'abolition de la peine de mort sur le continent.L'action a été financée par deux bailleurs complémentaires : l'AFD (Agence française de développement) et la Délégation de l’Union européenne auprès de l’Union africaine à Addis-Abeba. Bien que les deux projets aient des éléments spécifiques, l'objectif global, les groupes cibles et les bénéficiaires finaux, ainsi que les activités sont identiques. Cette évaluation externe visera à respecter les exigences des deux bailleurs et des deux projets.À la fin des trois ans de projets financée par l’Agence française de développement, un atelier de capitalisation avec tous les partenaires du projet aura lieu à Abidjan le 9 avril 2018 en marge du Congrès régional contre la peine de mort. Ce sera l’occasion pour l’évaluateur de s’entretenir avec les partenaires du projet mais également de faire une mission dans un des pays cible de l’action pour en évaluer certaines activités mises en œuvre pendant le projet.Définition du programme en deux projets avec deux bailleurs : UE et AFDObjectif global : contribuer à l’abolition de la peine de mort sur le continent africainGroupe(s) cible(s) et bénéficiaires finaux :• Les associations membres africains de la FIACAT, de la FIDH et de la WCADP ;• Les autorités publiques des pays cibles ;• Les faiseurs d’opinion ;• La CADHP et en particulier, les membres du Groupe de travail sur la peine de mort ;• L’Union africaine ;• Les condamnés à mort, les personnes passibles de la peine de mort, leurs familles.Délégation de l’Union européenne auprès de l’Union africaine Partenariat : FIACAT, DITSHWANELO - Le Centre des droits de l'homme du Botswana, la FIDH et la WCADP sont les principales organisations mettant en œuvre ce projet. L'action est mise en œuvre en coordination avec les organisations membres de la FIACAT, de la FIDH et de la WCADP en Afrique, qui sont toutes des organisations nationales de défense des droits de l'homme indépendantes.Lieu d'intervention : Les États membres de l’Union africaine.Durée du projet : Janvier 2016 – Décembre 2017Objectifs spécifiques :• Renforcer les capacités de lobbying et de plaidoyer des OSC africaines et créer une synergie entre elles dans leur mobilisation pour l'abolition de la peine de mort et l'adoption d'un protocole africain sur la peine de mort ;• Promouvoir un environnement politique et juridique au sein de l'UA et de ses États membres pour l'abolition de la peine de mort en Afrique et l'adoption d'un protocole africain ;• Renforcer la capacité du Groupe de travail de la CADHP pour mener son plaidoyer en faveur de l'abolition de la peine de mort et de l'adoption d'un protocole africain.Activités principales :• Formations de plaidoyer des OSC• Plaidoyer national :- Missions de plaidoyer de haut niveau dans les États africains ;- Actions de plaidoyer nationales dans les États africains ;• Plaidoyer régional et international :- Un événement de haut niveau organisé en marge du 26ème ou du 27ème Sommet de l'UA ;- Plaidoyer durant les sessions ordinaires de la CADHP à travers des tables rondes / réunions stratégiques ;- Plaidoyer lors du 6e Congrès mondial contre la peine de mort (Oslo) ;• Développement d'outils de campagne (documentaire, dépliant sur le Protocole, étude sur la criminalité et la peine de mort).Résultats attendus :• Les OSC africaines abolitionnistes démontrent une capacité d'action améliorée et une coopération renforcée avec les mécanismes des droits de l'homme de l'UA ;• Engagements des États membres de l'UA en faveur de l'abolition de la peine de mort et [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1733] => Array ( [objectID] => 4381 [title] => 3rd Regional Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1520899200 [date] => 13/03/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/3rd-regional-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c7ea11299418b1a7da39cb7767a59a54_2-1-500x185.jpg [extrait] => The African Congress will be held in Abidjan, Ivory Coast on 9-10 April 2018. Over 300 participants are expected. [texte] => The event is organised by ECPM, in partnership with the World Coalition Against The Death Penalty, FIACAT and the CNDH-CI. More than 300 participants are expected to attend these two days of debates, two official ceremonies of opening and closing, as well as a festive closing evening.Register now online!PROGRAMME9 APRILA solemn opening ceremony will take place prior to the debates, on 9 April, from 10am to 12pm, at the Conference Centre of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.A closed meeting for member organisations of the World Coalition and ACATs who participated in the programme for the abolition of the death penalty in Africa 2015-2018 will take place from 2pm to 6pm at CRRAE. This capitalisation workshop will allow civil society to reflect on the past few years and draw strategies for the future. Round table 1: “Death penalty, a colonial heritage?” - 9 April, CRRAE, from 2pm to 4pmPrecolonial criminal punishment practices often relied on banishment or compensation. The various colonisations therefore played a major role in the use of death penalty.Closed meeting 2 –“Training media and journalists: how to report on death penalty and its related issues”- 9 April, CRRAE, from 4:30pm to 5:30pmWith Ivoirian media and African journalists selected for the quality of their work.Closed meeting 3 – “Engaging parliamentarians” - 9 April, CRRAE, from 2pm to 4pmWith parliamentarians who wish to or already have initiated parliamentarians’ networks.10 APRILPlenary session: “Death penalty, poverty and prison conditions: from a World day to another”- 10 April, CRRAE, from 10am to 12amA constant pattern in the use of death penalty is its inextricable connection to poverty. Poverty has a negative impact on every step of the penal procedure and obviously affects living conditions in death row.Round table 2 - “Death penalty, a political tool?” - 10 April, CRRAE, from 2pm to 4pmIn numerous countries, death penalty is being applied under anti-terrorists laws and/ or by military courts. How are those emergency laws used as political tools, therefore causing democratic issues?Workshop 1 – “Best practices for a defi nitive abolition in Africa” - 10 April, CRRAE, from 2pm to 3pmIn 2017, 22 African states were regarded as de facto abolitionist countries. How can they move from a de facto moratorium to an irreversible abolition?Workshop 2 – “Africans on death row in foreign countries, a consular duty” - 10 April, CRRAE, from 3pm to 4pmNumerous citizens from African countries, abolitionists or not, are being sentenced to death and executed around the world.Which democratic measure could be taken by those States, and how to include them in advocacy toward the abolition?Workshop 3 – “Mobilising the youth” - 10 April, CRRAE, from 3pm to 4pmHow to engage the youth, in order to incite a change of mentalities in favour of the abolition?Panel 1 – “The key role of international and regional protocols” - 10 April, CRRAE, from 3pm to 4pmWith the members of the ACHPR’s Working Group on Death Penalty.Panel 2 – “The mandatory death penalty” - 10 April, CRRAE, from 2pm to 3pm8 countries still maintain the mandatory death penalty in Africa.Panel 3 – “Legal representation of people facing the death penalty” - 10 April, CRRAE, from 2pm to 3pmWith African lawyers who are involved in the abolitionist fight; this panel will be about the legal representation of people facing the death penalty, from their arrest to their request for pardon.The closing ceremony will be held at the CRRAE on 10 April, from 4pm to 6pm. It will be followed by a drink and a cultural festive evening at the Institut Français, from 6:30pm to 9pm.The Steering Committee of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty will meet on 11 April at the CRRAE. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1734] => Array ( [objectID] => 4382 [title] => Iran’s brave human rights defenders and their struggle against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1520208000 [date] => 05/03/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/irans-brave-human-rights-defenders-and-their-struggle-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ac768c58d317b67cb96345e95eabc627_2-1-500x330.jpg [extrait] => As the world moves away from the death penalty, Iran continues to execute hundreds of people every year and comes second only to China in the number of executions carried out annually. Amnesty International recorded nearly 1,000 executions in Iran in 2015 and at least 567 in 2016. [texte] => On 10 October, people around the world marked the World Day against the Death Penalty. This year is particularly significant for us at Amnesty International because it marks 40 years since the organization first began campaigning for the worldwide abolition of the death penalty in 1977.Since this landmark moment, countries that use the death penalty have become an increasingly isolated minority. In fact, as of September 2017, more than two-thirds of the countries around the world have abolished the death penalty in law or practice.However, as the world moves away from the death penalty, Iran continues to execute hundreds of people every year and comes second only to China in the number of executions carried out annually. Amnesty International recorded nearly 1,000 executions in Iran in 2015 and at least 567 in 2016.Domestic movement against the death penaltyThe Iranian authorities’ dogged commitment to this cruel and irreversible punishment is widely known but what is perhaps less well-known is the story of the growing domestic movement against the death penalty in Iran and the brave human rights defenders at the heart of this movement.These men and women struggle against all odds to bring their country in line with international human rights law and standards on the death penalty and realise their vision for a humane society in which there is no place for the death penalty. This has not gone unnoticed by the authorities.In 2013, several prominent Iranian human rights defenders launched the Campaign for Step by Step Abolition of the Death Penalty, known by its Persian acronym, Legam. In response, the authorities have intensified their repression against their work.Human rights defenders jailed for their anti-death penalty workThey Iranian authorities have harassed and jailed people involved in the country’s anti-death penalty movement, often accusing them of “threatening national security” or “defying Islam”. In their official statements and court verdicts, they have described peaceful campaigning against the death penalty as “un-Islamic”.In 2016, distinguished human rights defender Narges Mohammadi, Executive Chairperson of the disbanded Centre for Human Rights Defenders, was sentenced to 16 years imprisonment, 10 years of which were due to her involvement with Legam. The “evidence” used against her in court included her vocal opposition to the death penalty and her participation in gatherings outside prisons in support of families of death row prisoners. Narges Mohammadi requires ongoing specialized medical care for serious health concerns, which she cannot receive in prison, and the authorities have refused to transfer her to a hospital outside Tehran’s Evin prison where she is serving her sentence.The conviction of award-winning human rights lawyer Abdolfattah Soltani, one of the founders of the Centre for Human Rights Defenders, who is serving a 13-year prison sentence in Evin prison, is also in part based on his peaceful activism against the death penalty in Iran. During his trial, his “participation in the establishment of a project to end the death penalty for minors” and “his vocal opposition to the death penalty as an act of violence” were described as “anti-Islamic propaganda” and “psychological warfare against the system.” Since his imprisonment in September 2011, Abdolfattah Soltani has been held in poor conditions and without access to adequate medical care.Another anti-death penalty campaigner, Atena Daemi, is serving a seven-year prison sentence in Evin prison following an unfair trial on charges including “gathering and colluding to commit crimes against national security” and “spreading propaganda against the system”. Her conviction stem solely from her peaceful human rights activities, including writing posts on Facebook and Twitter criticizing the authorities’ execution record and distributing anti-death penalty leaflets. Atena Daemi is being denied access to adequate specialized medical care following a prolonged hunger strike earlier this year in protest at the harassment of her family. Earlier in September, she was denied an urgent gallbladder surgery after she refused to wear handcuffs while receiving medical care in hospital.Activist couple Arash Sadeghi and Golrokh Ebrahimi Iraee are also jailed in Evin prison for their peaceful human rights activism, including their opposition to the death penalty. Arash Sadeghi has been sentenced to 19 years in prison for activities including joining Legam. Golrokh Ebrahimi Iraee is serving two and a half years in prison after she wrote a fictional story about the horrific practice of stoning in Iran, a method of execution, which may be imposed on those convicted of “adultery” in Iran. Arash Sadeghi is also being denied access to adequate specialized medical care outside prison, despite the fact that he has been critically ill since January when he ended a 71-day hunger strike.Other human rights defenders who have faced harassment and imprisonment for their anti-death penalty work include cofounder of Legam, Mohammad Maleki, who has been subject to a travel ban since September 2011, and Omid Alishenas who was sentenced to seven years’ imprisonment but released early on the condition that he stays silent once out of prison and stops his human rights activism.Minority rights activist sentenced to deathIran’s human rights defenders are not only persecuted by the country’s criminal justice system for campaigning to end the death penalty – some face the prospect of execution themselves. Mohammad Ali Amouri, a minority rights activist from Iran’s Ahwazi Arab minority, has been on death row since 2012. His death sentence was imposed for his peaceful activities at Al-Hiwar, a now-disbanded cultural rights group he co-founded, including promoting Arabic culture and identity through poetry events, language classes and reading sessions, and seeking to reform discriminatory attitudes towards women and girls in Iran.A glimmer of hopeDespite the relentless crackdown on human rights defenders, the growing anti-death penalty movement in Iran and the continuous activism of so many brave human rights defenders offer a glimmer of hope that public opinion on this issue may be gradually shifting and that the Iranian authorities will not be able to keep supressing demands for change indefinitely.Instead of maintaining their annual killing spree, the authorities must join the global trend against the death penalty and abolish this abhorrent form of punishment once and for all.Until this becomes a reality, Amnesty International will continue campaigning alongside Iran’s brave human rights defenders to defend and protect the right to life.Help us to stand with Iran’s human rights defendersIn September 2017, Amnesty International launched a campaign to end Iran’s crackdown on human rights defenders. Take action now by signing our petition and posting the tweet below to demand that Iran stop punishing human rights defenders for their peaceful human rights activism including their work against the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1735] => Array ( [objectID] => 4383 [title] => responsable du programme des débats du 7e Congrès mondial contre la peine de mort [timestamp] => 1517011200 [date] => 27/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/responsable-du-programme-des-debats-du-7e-congres-mondial-contre-la-peine-de-mort/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1736] => Array ( [objectID] => 4384 [title] => Singapore: the government threatens abolitionists and human rights defenders. [timestamp] => 1516752000 [date] => 24/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singapore-the-government-threatens-abolitionists-and-human-rights-defenders/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3f7ee1e2fd42634b2c1b46d4a8520148_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => Despite a death penalty reform in 2013, Singapore continues to impose the mandatory death penalty in a significant number of cases while repressing abolitionists and human rights defenders. [texte] => A disappointing death penalty reformWith more than 70 executions per year, Singapore’s rate of executions was one of the highest in the world in the 90s. With five or fewer executions per year since 2009, the situation dramatically improved in the country. The announcement of the suspension of all executions in 2012 by the Singapore’s Deputy Prime Minister gave a glimpse of hope to the abolitionists. The death penalty reforms quickly disappointed abolitionists and international observers, however. Whereas the death penalty reforms aimed to amend the mandatory death penalty for murder and drug trafficking offenses, judges have kept pronouncing mandatory death penalty, even in cases when discretion was available. An Amnesty International report also reported that the death penalty was not only used in “most serious cases”, as it is prescribed under international law. Since 2013, 34 individuals were sentenced to the mandatory death penalty for drug trafficking as they did not reverse the presumption of possession and knowledge which they bore. The certificate of assistance opens the door wide to arbitrarinessThe death penalty reforms of 2013 introduced a concerning feature to Singapore’s criminal justice system: The certificate of assistance. To let judges exercise discretion, the prosecution needs to provide a certificate of assistance. In other words, if the defendant cannot provide any substantial information to the prosecution office, the judge will be bound to apply the mandatory death penalty. According to Amnesty International, 34 individuals out of 51 were sentenced to the mandatory death penalty because they did not meet the requirements necessary to obtain this certificate. This proceeding constitutes a clear violation of the right to a fair trial since it gives more power to a party which is neither neutral nor a judge. By issuing these certificates without involving defense lawyers and magistrates, the Singapore’s prosecution office has a direct influence on the outcome of a case. Moreover, because most of the defendants are lower in the drug trafficking hierarchy, they are less likely to provide meaningful and substantial information to the prosecutor. Hence, the odds to be sentenced to the mandatory death penalty are higher and the grounds for appeal very limited. Singapore positions itself as a pro death penalty championIn addition to this, Singapore has shown staunch support to the death penalty. Indeed, the Singapore government legitimates the use of the death penalty by its “effective deterrent effect”. “The death penalty has deterred major drug syndicates […] and we have successfully kept the drug situation under control” said the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Vivian Balakrishnan. In its report, Amnesty International has shown how executions have no effects on the criminality rate, however. Singapore has also positioned itself a pro death penalty champion at the international level. For the 6th resolution calling for a universal moratorium on executions, Singapore was the leader of a small group of countries opposed to the resolution and signed a statement of dissociation. Thus, despite the statement made by Minister Shanmugam stating that the government was open to discussions, Singapore remains fiercely opposed to the abolition of capital punishments in the country. Endangered abolitionistsThis hostility of Singapore also manifests itself against abolitionists in the country. Indeed, whereas Singapore promotes itself as a progressist and modern State-city, the authorities have repeatedly repressed critical opinions about the retentionist regime. In publishing a book highlighting the discriminatory aspect of the death penalty in Singapore, Alan Shadrake was sentenced to 6 weeks of prison and a $20,000 fine for “scandalizing the court”. The Attorney General also considered his refusal to apologize as an “aggravating fact. “I wouldn’t apologize for something I believe in and something I knew to be true…In Singapore, even if it is true, you are not supposed to say it” declared Shadrake. Human Rights Watch reported other serious violations of abolitionists’ peaceful right to assembly. Indeed, the right to peaceful assembly is extremely restricted in the country: “public assembly” encompasses various actions such as handling out leaflets on the death penalty or organizing a silent sit in. Hence, Kirsten Han, activist and free lance journalist, has been summoned over her participation in a candlelight vigil held for a Malaysian prisoner executed two months ago. Han had to present herself to answer questions regarding her “illegal” participation in a public assembly without a permit. “When a simple, non-violent, quiet vigil for a man about to be hanged by the state is deemed an illegal assembly worthy of a police investigation, perhaps it is time to think about whether we are striking the right balance between public order, freedom of assembly and compassion” said Han to ADPAN. This repressive arsenal of sanctions creates an atmosphere of fear where it is hard for abolitionists and human rights defenders to take action. “For example, when the Indonesians are about to execute someone, we can’t protest outside the Indonesian embassy” said Singaporean activist Rachel Zeng to Human Rights Watch. The prosecution of death penalty activists and the recent arrest of the human rights defenders, Jolovan Wham, constitute a scare tactic to silence any dissidents in Singapore. Abolitionists fight backThe repression does not prevent abolitionists to take action and stand up for the abolition of the death penalty in the country. After the false assertions of Minister Shanmugam claiming that “abolitionists romanticized individuals who have been involved in the drug trade”, six abolitionist groups issued a joint response. For organizations such as the Singapore Anti-Death Penalty Campaign or We Believe in Second Chances, the Minister made “misleading claims” and needs to make public the research and data about the death penalty in Singapore. At an international level, organizations such as Amnesty International or Human Rights Watch have repeatedly released reports on the situation in Singapore. Both organizations, the International Commission of Jurists and We Believe in Second Chances issued submissions denouncing the criminal justice system for the 24th session of the Universal Periodic Review. Thanks to this mobilization, Singapore received 42 recommendations urging it to abolish the death penalty. Thus, despite the on-going repression, the network of abolitionists will remain active and will continue to advocate for the abolition in the country. More info> Singapore – Anti-Death Penalty Activist, Kirsten Han summoned over Singapore vigil for Prabagaran [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1737] => Array ( [objectID] => 4385 [title] => Human Rights Advocacy Officer – Harm Reduction International [timestamp] => 1516665600 [date] => 23/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/human-rights-advocacy-officer-harm-reduction-international/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International is currently seeking to recruit a Human Rights Advocacy Officer, working as a member of their Campaigns and Advocacy Team. [texte] => We are currently seeking to recruit Human Rights Advocacy Officer to join us. Working as a member of our Campaigns and Advocacy Team.Founded in 1996, Harm Reduction International (HRI) is the oldest and most visible global harm reduction organisation. Through high-profile research and advocacy, HRI works to build a world in which individuals and communities benefit from drug laws, policies and practices that promote health, dignity and human rights. We are an influential international source of research, policy/legal analysis and advocacy on drugs, health and human rights issues.Since 2007, HRI has been a leading global voice on human rights issues linked to drug control, and has been centrally involved in mainstreaming human rights and drug control issues within civil society and the UN. As a member of our Campaigns and Advocacy Team, the successful candidate will be responsible for: • Delivering a two-year programme of advocacy work and coalition building on the issue of the death penalty for drug offences • Playing a leadership role in international human rights and drug policy advocacy • Developing and operationalising HRI’s broader human rights advocacy agenda • Representing HRI internationally to strengthen our reputation for innovative and effective human rights advocacyResponsibilities includeAdvocacy and campaigning • Play a central role in the delivery of HRI’s work on the death penalty for drug offences • Identify opportunities for HRI to engage on key human rights issues linked to drug control or harm reduction at national, regional and international levels. • Draft and support the production of high quality advocacy material to be used at national, regional and international levels. • Represent HRI in key national, regional and international fora • Build and maintain relationships with key external partnersResearch • Participate in developing strategic research on human rights and drug control developments where needed, including specific project deliverables as requiredManagement • Manage interns on specific projects as required, ensuring delivery of projects to sufficient qualityFundraising and budget management • Identify opportunities for funding and work with HRI colleagues to make applications • Assist in reporting to donors, as requested by senior staffEssential Qualifications • A strong commitment to harm reduction, human rights and civil society strengthening • Minimum of 3 years’ experience in campaigning/advocacy with a demonstrable contribution to achieving successful advocacy outcomes • Strong diplomacy skills and the ability to bring together diverse partners and interests • Ability and willingness to undertake international travel • Ability to work independently, and to juggle multiple projects and deadlines • Postgraduate degree in a relevant field, or comparable professional experience • Excellent spoken and written English, and presentation skillsDesirable Qualifications • Understanding of the UN system, and working knowledge of UN agencies and processes related to human rights and drug policy • Proven commitment to civil society work • Experience with external communications • Proficiency in a second languageSalary: £32,000-£34,000Location: The post will be based at the HRI office in London. We can only accept applications from candidates who already have the right to live and work in the UK.Application details: This is full-time contract for a period of two years, to start as soon as possible. Please send cover letter and CV to Rick Lines, Executive Director (rick.lines@hri.global); we are accepting applications on a rolling basis. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1738] => Array ( [objectID] => 4386 [title] => Project officer – The Death Penalty Project [timestamp] => 1516665600 [date] => 23/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/project-officer-the-death-penalty-project/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Project is recruiting a Project Officer. [texte] => About The Death Penalty Project The Death Penalty Project (DPP) is a legal action charity based in London. Our main purpose is to promote and protect the human rights of those facing the death penalty in all jurisdictions, with particular reference to those countries which retain the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London as their final Court of Appeal and other Commonwealth countries (Caribbean, Africa and Asia). Our main activities include:1. Litigation – broadly, this involves seeking legal restrictions and securing lawful alternative sentences to the death penalty; challenging serious miscarriages of justice; protecting vulnerable individuals; and, supporting foreign nationals charged under unfamiliar regimes. 2. Capacity building - enhancing expertise of mental health (forensic experts) and legal professionals (members of the judiciary, defence lawyers and prosecutors) in local jurisdictions on issues relating to the death penalty through training activities and provision of resource material. 3. Publications and research – commissioning and producing original studies to raise awareness of criminal justice and human rights issues relating to the death penalty. 4. Consultation and dialogue – providing expert advice and information to governments and key stakeholders to promote better-informed debates. Job Description Position: Project Officer Position reports to: Project Manager Duration of contract: Two- year contract, subject to 3 months probationary period Hours: 35 hours per week . Normal office hours are 9:30am to 5:30pm (with one hour for lunch), but flexibility will be required. This role will involve some out of hours activity (occasionally at weekends).Salary: £25,000 Holiday entitlement: 20 days plus UK bank holidays Pension: 4.5% Location: Central London Start date: 12th March 2018 (negotiable) Key responsibilities The Project Officer will be supporting the administrative and development needs of ongoing projects at the DPP. Technical and financial co-ordination • Support the co-ordination and management of two new European Union projects. The  broad objectives of the projects are to strengthen the rule of law and anti-death  penalty movement, specifically in Kenya and the Eastern Caribbean States.   • Ensure regular co-ordination, liaise and follow-up with partners/co-applicants   • Monitor budgets of projects   • Produce narrative and financial reports as required by the grant contracts and  regularly reports to the Project Manager on the progress of ongoing projects  Implementation of projects   • Provide logistical support and organise project events (including conferences,  workshops and training programmes)   • Support the work of the Communications Officer in relation to publication and dissemination of reports and other communication tools created Experience and Qualifications   • Minimum 1-2 years experience in project co-ordination in non-profit and/or human rights sector   • Knowledge and understanding of international human rights law/issues preferable • Experience in managing EU projects/ Europeaid procedures preferable   • Flexible approach to managing and prioritising a high work load and multiple tasks  with tight deadlines   • Excellent written and verbal communication skills   • Ability to work in a self-servicing environment and working in a small team   • Commitment to and understanding of The Death Penalty Project’s broad objectives   • Permission to live and work in the UK To apply please send your completed CV and covering letter under the reference “Application- Project Officer” to recruitment@deathpenaltyproject.org.Closing date: 5pm, 11th February 2018. Interviews will be held in mid-late February. The Death Penalty Project is committed to equal opportunities   [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1739] => Array ( [objectID] => 4387 [title] => Legal Officer – The Death Penalty Project [timestamp] => 1516665600 [date] => 23/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/legal-officer-the-death-penalty-project/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Project recruits a Legal Officer. [texte] => The Death Penalty Project (DPP) is a legal action charity based in London. Our main purpose is to promote and protect the human rights of those facing the death penalty in all jurisdictions, with particular reference to those countries which retain the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London as their final Court of Appeal and other Commonwealth countries (Caribbean, Africa and Asia). Our main activities include:1. Litigation – broadly, these involve seeking legal restrictions and securing lawful alternative sentences to the death penalty; challenging serious miscarriages of justice; protecting vulnerable individuals; and, supporting foreign nationals charged under unfamiliar regimes. 2. Capacity building - enhancing expertise of mental health (forensic experts) and legal professionals (members of the judiciary, defence lawyers and prosecutors) in local jurisdictions on issues relating to the death penalty through training activities and provision of resource material. 3. Publications and research – commissioning and producing original studies to raise awareness of criminal justice and human rights issues relating to the death penalty. 4. Consultation and dialogue – providing expert advice and information to governments and key stakeholders to promote better-informed debates. Job Description Position: Legal Officer Position reports to: Executive Directors Duration of contract: Permanent, subject to 3 months probationary period Hours: Full time 9:30am to 5:30pm (one hour for lunch). Flexibility will be required. The legal officer will have to attend some evening meetings and on occasions work on the weekends. Salary: £25,000 Holiday entitlement: 20 days plus UK bank holidays Pension: 4.5% Location: Central London Start date: Immediate Key responsibilities • Litigation and casework support: assist the Executive Directors on applications to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, challenges before domestic and international tribunals   • Undertake research on criminal, constitutional and international human rights law   • Handle requests for support and advice from individual prisoners and preparing case  assessments   • Where appropriate, liaise with family members of individuals who have been detained   • Ensure efficient financial administration of cases, including billing and handling of client monies   • Contribute to the communications and fundraising work of The Death Penalty Project advocacy work  Experience and Qualifications  Qualified solicitor in England and Wales, 1-2 years PQE Experience of criminal/public law preferable Knowledge and understanding of international human rights law and mechanisms preferable Flexible approach to managing and prioritising a high work load and multiple tasks with tight deadlines Excellent written and verbal communication skills Ability to work in a self-servicing environment and working in a small teamCommitment to and understanding of The Death Penalty Project’s broad objectivesPermission to live and work in the UK To apply please send your completed CV and covering letter to recruitment@deathpenaltyproject.org. Closing date: 5pm, 3rd February 2018. Interviews will be held in early-mid February. The Death Penalty Project is committed to equal opportunities [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1740] => Array ( [objectID] => 4388 [title] => The Supreme Court of Kenya declares the mandatory death penalty unconstitutional [timestamp] => 1516665600 [date] => 23/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-supreme-court-of-kenya-declares-the-mandatory-death-penalty-unconstitutional/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b9398641708d8f293fb79e11ac9b6870_2-1-500x321.jpg [extrait] => On December 14, 2017, the Supreme Court of Kenya declared the mandatory death penalty unconstitutional. This landmark decision puts an end to several years of uncertainties and constitutes an additional step towards the abolition of the death penalty in the country. [texte] => With the assistance of Death Penalty Project, the International Commission of Jurists, and the Kenyan National Commission on Human Rights, Wilson Mwangi and Francis Karioko filed a petition to the Supreme Court questioning the constitutionality of the mandatory death penalty for the crimes such as murder, treason and armed robbery. In their petition, both defendants argued that mandatory death penalty violated their right to a fair trial and constituted an arbitrarily deprivation of life. In his ruling, the Supreme Court’s judge Njoki Ndungu held that mandatory death penalty is “inconsistent” with the Constitution of Kenya: “The mandatory nature of the death sentences as provided under Section 204 of the Penal Code, is hereby, declared unconstitutional.” More discretionary power for the Kenyan judgesA mandatory sentencing scheme is one where the imposition of a death sentence is automatic upon conviction of a crime. Indeed, Section 204 of the Penal Code stated that “anyone found guilty of committing murder, treason and armed robbery shall be sentenced to death.” Thus, this provision did not allow judges to have discretion or to consider mitigating circumstances. For instance, a court would not be permitted to consider mental disabilities or a clean criminal record: if found guilty, the defendant would be automatically sentenced to death. Putting an end to this system, the Supreme Court also asked the Attorney General and the Director of Public Prosecutions to review Mwangi and Karioko’s case but also all murder and robbery with violence cases similar as pertains sentencing. The Supreme Court’s ruling marks the end of a period of uncertaintyIt is not the first time that a Kenyan court rules on the legality of the mandatory death penalty. In 2010, the Court of Appeal at Mombasa held that the mandatory death penalty violated the right to life and the right to protection against arbitrariness and inhuman treatment. Despite this ruling, the Penal Code retained mandatory death sentences. In 2013, the Court of Appeal at Nairobi did not uphold the Mombasa precedent. Considering that it was up to the legislature to decide whether to retain the mandatory death penalty, the Court of Appeal of Nairobi applied the mandatory death penalty for armed robbery. Hence, the Supreme Court recent decision ended the conflict and definitively ruled on the unconstitutionality of the mandatory death penalty.The decline of the mandatory death penaltyThe Supreme Court of Kenya’s ruling illustrates a regional and global trend. According to the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, at least 18 countries have discarded the mandatory death penalty since 2000. Because the mandatory death penalty violates the right to a fair trial and access to justice, the Supreme Court of Malawi struck down the mandatory death penalty as unconstitutional in 2007. Two years later, the Supreme Court of Uganda followed the lead. It did not adopt the same rationale, however. Indeed, Ugandan judges declared the mandatory death penalty unconstitutional because of it violates equal protection rights and discriminates between death eligible and non-death eligible defendants. Observers hope that this jurisprudential impulse will push countries like Botswana or Burkina Faso, to abolish the mandatory death penalty, still allowed under some circumstances. A first step towards a complete abolition of the death penalty in Kenya?The abolition of the mandatory death penalty can also be seen as another evidence of the Kenyan unwillingness to support the death penalty. Indeed, with no executions since 1987, Kenya is considered as a de facto abolitionist country. Kenya also issued large mass commutations. To alleviate “the mental anguish and suffering, psychological trauma and anxiety” due to extended stay on death row, President Mwai Kibaki commuted the sentences of 4,000 death row prisoners to life imprisonment in 2009. In 2016, President Uhuru Kenyatta commuted all death sentences to life jail terms, removing 2.747 prisoners from death row. Despite these encouraging signs, Kenya has not signed the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of the death penalty and Kenyan judges keep issuing death sentences. That is why abolitionists’ work remains more important than ever. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1741] => Array ( [objectID] => 5651 [title] => Public support for the death penalty ticks up [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/public-support-for-the-death-penalty-ticks-up/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Public support for the death penalty, which reached a four-decade low in 2016, has increased somewhat since then. Today, 54% of Americans favor the death penalty for people convicted of murder, while 39% are opposed, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted in April and May. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/06/11/us-support-for-death-penalty-ticks-up-2018/ ) [1742] => Array ( [objectID] => 5661 [title] => Prosecutorial Discretion and Sentencing in Singapore [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/prosecutorial-discretion-and-sentencing-in-singapore/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Singapore recently amended its laws to replace the mandatory death penalty regime for murder and drug trafficking with a discretionary sentencing regime under certain conditions. One of the conditions with respect to drug trafficking was that the convicted trafficker had to be granted a certificate by the Public Prosecutor stating that the trafficker had provided substantive assistance that led to the disruption of drug trafficking activities. That decision is not subject to judicial review except under very narrow circumstances, protected in the same way as the constitutionally protected prosecutorial discretion. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2874661 ) [1743] => Array ( [objectID] => 5704 [title] => Is Public Opinion a Justifiable Reason Not to Abolish the Death Penalty? A Comparative Analysis of Surveys of Eight Countries [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/is-public-opinion-a-justifiable-reason-not-to-abolish-the-death-penalty-a-comparative-analysis-of-surveys-of-eight-countries/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Roger Hood, "Is Public Opinion a Justifiable Reason Not to Abolish the Death Penalty? A Comparative Analysis of Surveys of Eight Countries", 23 Berkeley J. Crim. L. 218 (2018) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/bjcl/vol23/iss3/10/ ) [1744] => Array ( [objectID] => 5729 [title] => Moratorium on the use of death penalty [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moratorium-on-the-use-of-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Moratorium on the use of death penalty (2018) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/73/175 ) [1745] => Array ( [objectID] => 5730 [title] => English-speaking Carribbean: time to make the death penalty history [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/english-speaking-carribbean-time-to-make-the-death-penalty-history/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ten years ago, on 19 December 2008, the authorities of Saint Kitts and Nevis carried out what was to become the last execution in the Americas, outside the USA. This anniversary, which follows on from the observance on 2 November of 25 years since a key judicial decision that puta brake on the implementation of death sentences in the region, offers an opportunity for reflection on the present state of the death penalty in the English-speaking Caribbean. Trends on the use of this punishment point to the inevitability of its abolition. On the occasion of this anniversary, Amnesty International renews its call on governments in the English-speaking Caribbean to take prompt steps towards consigning the death penalty to history once and for all. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5095852018ENGLISH.pdf ) [1746] => Array ( [objectID] => 5731 [title] => The Death Penalty In 2018: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2018-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => New death sentences and executions remained near historic lows in 2018 and a twentieth state abolished capital punishment, as public opinion polls, election results, legislative actions, and court decisions all reflected the continuing erosion of the death penalty across the country. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/2018YrEnd.pdf ) [1747] => Array ( [objectID] => 5733 [title] => IHR: Papers and Discussions on Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ihr-papers-and-discussions-on-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Collection of articles and speeches on the death penalty presented in two UP IHR organized academic fora by academics, government officials and civil society. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://law.upd.edu.ph/ihr-launches-new-books-on-death-penalty-and-rights-based-policing/ ) [1748] => Array ( [objectID] => 5734 [title] => Failed Justice: Innocent on Death Row [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/failed-justice-innocent-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This video tells the story of one prisoner, Anthony Ray Hinton, who spent 30 years on death row in Alabama for a crime he did not commit. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/failed-justice-innocent-on-death-row/ ) [1749] => Array ( [objectID] => 5735 [title] => Behind the Curtain: Secrecy and the Death Penalty in the United States [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/behind-the-curtain-secrecy-and-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report documents the laws and policies that states have adopted to make information about executions inaccessible to the public, to pharmaceutical companies, and to condemned prisoners. It describes the dubious methods states have used to obtain drugs, the inadequate qualifications of members of the execution team, and the significant restrictions on witnesses’ ability to observe how executions are carried out. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/secrecy ) [1750] => Array ( [objectID] => 5736 [title] => General comment No. 36 on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/general-comment-no-36-on-article-6-of-the-international-covenant-on-civil-and-political-rights-on-the-right-to-life/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => General comment No. 36 on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CCPR/Shared%20Documents/1_Global/CCPR_C_GC_36_8785_E.pdf ) [1751] => Array ( [objectID] => 5737 [title] => Philippines: March 2018 National Survey on Public Perceptions on the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/philippines-march-2018-national-survey-on-public-perceptions-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is the main finding of the March 2018 National Survey on Public Perception on the Death Penalty, conducted by Social Weather Stations (SWS) for the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines (CHRP). This is the first survey in the Philippines to explore thought processes and disentangle layers of perceptions about the death penalty. It did face-to-face interviews of 2,000 respondents aged 15 and above nationwide during the period March 22 to 27, 2018. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.sws.org.ph/swsmain/artcldisppage/?artcsyscode=ART-20181010122553 ) [1752] => Array ( [objectID] => 5738 [title] => Sentencing in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sentencing-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book provides practical assistance to members of the judiciary, defence lawyers, prosecutors and others working on capital cases on the sentencing principles and procedures that have been adopted in common law jurisdictions following the abolition of the mandatory death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/sentencing-in-capital-cases-2018/ ) [1753] => Array ( [objectID] => 5742 [title] => 257 Executions in the Past One Year in Iran [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/257-executions-in-the-past-one-year-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Statistical Report of Implemented Death Penalties in Iran from 10 October 2017 – 10 October 2018. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/257-Executions-in-the-Past-One-Year-in-Iran-1.pdf ) [1754] => Array ( [objectID] => 5746 [title] => Iran Annual Report Oct ’17 – Oct ’18 [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iran-annual-report-oct-17-oct-18/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA)- On the World Day Against the Death Penalty, the Center of Statistics at Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRAI) has published its annual report, in efforts to sensitize the public about the situation of the death penalty in Iran. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.en-hrana.org/world-day-against-the-death-penalty-iran-annual-report-oct-17-oct-18 ) [1755] => Array ( [objectID] => 5748 [title] => File: Saudi Arabia in the World Day against the Death Penalty, execution of Civil Society [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/file-saudi-arabia-in-the-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-execution-of-civil-society/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Saudi Arabia uses the death penalty as an instrument against individuals, society and freedoms. It is used far away from any international laws and frameworks as it is applied sometimes on children. These practices have become an approach that includes numerous violations as well as denial of the right to life, such as arbitrary detention, torture and unfair trials. As the world revives the anti-death penalty day on October 10, the European Saudi organization for Human Rights (ESOHR) illuminates it through its figures, the issues it has documented and the campaigns it has led. Through the articles published ESOHR tries to show the usage of the death penalty by the Saudi government as a mean to achieve its goals and to impose silence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.esohr.org/en/?page_id=1911 ) [1756] => Array ( [objectID] => 5749 [title] => Slavery and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/slavery-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => It has long been acknowledged that the death penalty in the United States of America has been shaped by the country’s history of slavery and racial violence, but this book considers the lesser-explored relationship between the two practices’ respective abolitionist movements. The book explains how the historical and conceptual links between slavery and capital punishment have both helped and hindered efforts to end capital punishment. The comparative study also sheds light on the nature of such efforts, and offers lessons for how death penalty abolitionism should proceed in future. Using the history of slavery and abolition, it is argued that anti-death penalty efforts should be premised on the ideologies of the radical slavery abolitionists. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.routledge.com/Slavery-and-the-Death-Penalty-A-Study-in-Abolition/Malkani/p/book/9781472452740?utm_source=WeeklyUpdate&utm_campaign=830660b09a-weekly_update_2017_w41_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_37cc7e4461-830660b09a-344695193 ) [1757] => Array ( [objectID] => 5750 [title] => Capital and punishment: Resource scarcity increases endorsement of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-and-punishment-resource-scarcity-increases-endorsement-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A new study by an interdisciplinary team of Arizona State University psychology researchers has found a link between the actual and perceived scarcity of resources and support for capital punishment. The study discovered that countries with greater resource scarcity were more likely to have a death penalty, as were U.S. states with lower per capita income. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/7183?utm_source=WeeklyUpdate&utm_campaign=830660b09a-weekly_update_2017_w41_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_37cc7e4461-830660b09a-344695193 ) [1758] => Array ( [objectID] => 5751 [title] => Counting the Condemned [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/counting-the-condemned/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Counting the Condemned contains some shocking revelations. There has been almost a 35 percent reduction in Pakistan’s death row population, but we still account for 26 percent of the world’s death row. Every 8th person executed in the world is a Pakistani. And convictions are often so wrongful, an appellate bench of the Supreme Court has overturned a whopping 85 percent of death sentences since 2014. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.jpp.org.pk/report/counting-the-condemned/ ) [1759] => Array ( [objectID] => 5753 [title] => Prison conditions for women facing the death penalty: A factsheet [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/prison-conditions-for-women-facing-the-death-penalty-a-factsheet/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There are at least 500 women currently on death row around the world. While exact figures are impossible to obtain, it is estimated that over 100 women have been executed in the last 10 years – and potentially hundreds more. Little empirical data exists about the crimes for which women have been sentenced to death, the circumstances of their lives before their convictions, and the conditions under which they are detained on death row. This Factsheet focuses on the latter topic, with some introductory remarks on the profiles of women under sentence of death. It draws on research published by the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in 2018, which has shed light on this much-neglected population. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://www.penalreform.org/resource/prison-conditions-for-women-facing-the-death-penalty/ ) [1760] => Array ( [objectID] => 5754 [title] => Judged for More than Her Crime: a Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/judged-for-more-than-her-crime-a-global-overview-of-women-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This groundbreaking report aims to bridge critical gaps in understanding of how states apply capital punishment from a gender perspective. This study is the first to examine how and when women receive death sentences and the conditions under which they are detained on death row, with a particular focus on India, Indonesia, Jordan, Malawi, Pakistan and the United States. The conclusions are that gender discrimination is pervasive at all stages of capital cases, but that its operation is complex. Report published by Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide with the support of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/pdf/judged-for-more-than-her-crime.pdf ) [1761] => Array ( [objectID] => 5755 [title] => Factsheet for the Media [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-the-media/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Factsheet for the media - World Day Against the Death Penalty 2018. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FactsheetMediaWD2018_EN-1.pdf ) [1762] => Array ( [objectID] => 5761 [title] => Public Opinion on the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/public-opinion-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Public officials in retentionist or de facto abolitionist countries often invoke public support for the death penalty as one of the reasons why they do not promote abolition. A closer look at this justification, however, reveals some common flaws. This note offers a critical assessment of public opinion polls on the death penalty and suggests tools to properly gauge the level of public support for the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/public-opinion.cfm ) [1763] => Array ( [objectID] => 5762 [title] => USA: Darkness visible in the Sunshine State: The death penalty in Florida [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/usa-darkness-visible-in-the-sunshine-state-the-death-penalty-in-florida/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Florida promotes itself as a destination for tourists and a hub for trade. It is less well-known as a diehard proponent of a cruel policy discarded by much of the world. In 2016, the US Supreme Court ruled Florida’s capital sentencing scheme unconstitutional. Florida’s response has added another layer of arbitrariness to its death penalty. This report focusses on the state’s use of the death penalty against people who were young adults at the time of the crime and/or who have mental or intellectual disabilities. The Sunshine State should end its use of the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AMR5189592018ENGLISH.PDF ) [1764] => Array ( [objectID] => 5763 [title] => This Mortal Boy [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/this-mortal-boy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A revealing novel based on real events and real people.Albert Black, known as the 'jukebox killer', was only twenty when he was convicted of murdering another young man in a fight at a milk bar in Auckland on 26 July 1955. His crime fuelled growing moral panic about teenagers, and he was to hang less than five months later, the second-to-last person to be executed in New Zealand.But what really happened? Was this a love crime, was it a sign of juvenile delinquency? Or was this dark episode in our recent history more about our society's reaction to outsiders?Black's final words, as the hangman covered his head, were, 'I wish you all a merry Christmas, gentlemen, and a prosperous New Year.' This is his story. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => New Zealand ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.penguin.co.nz/books/this-mortal-boy-9780143771807 ) [1765] => Array ( [objectID] => 5764 [title] => Last Woman Hanged [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/last-woman-hanged/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In January 1889, Louisa Collins, a 41-year-old mother of ten children, became the first woman hanged at Darlinghurst Gaol and the last woman hanged in New South Wales. Louisa Collins was hanged at a time when women were in no sense equal under the law -- except when it came to the gallows. They could not vote or stand for parliament -- or sit on juries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/Last-Woman-Hanged-Caroline-Overington-ebook/dp/B00LKTLNDS ) [1766] => Array ( [objectID] => 5765 [title] => Anti-death penalty group launches handbook [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/anti-death-penalty-group-launches-handbook/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines-Episcopal Commission on Prison Pastoral Care, together with the Free Legal Assistance Group, the Commission on Human Rights, and other members of the Anti-Death Penalty Task Force, have launched a handbook opposing the capital punishment and the drug war. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/06/27/anti-death-penalty-group-launches-handbook/ ) [1767] => Array ( [objectID] => 5766 [title] => Myuran Sukumaran: Another Day in Paradise [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myuran-sukumaran-another-day-in-paradise/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Another Day in Paradise is the first major exhibition by Myuran Sukumaran along with a series of newly commissioned artworks by leading Australian artists, Abdul-Rahman Abdullah, Megan Cope, Jagath Dheerasekara, Taloi Havini, Khaled Sabsabi, Matthew Sleeth.It presents the significant body of work produced while incarcerated in Bali’s Kerobokan Prison, Denpasar and during the final 72 hours of his life spent on Nusa Kambangan Island. For Myuran, painting was a means of communicating with the world and a redemptive practice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.bendigoartgallery.com.au/Exhibitions/Now_showing/Myuran_Sukumaran_Another_Day_in_Paradise ) [1768] => Array ( [objectID] => 5768 [title] => Factsheet on how to conduct a prison visit [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-on-how-to-conduct-a-prison-visit/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Factsheet on how to conduct a prison visit - World day 2018 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_AccessPrisonsWD2018-1.pdf ) [1769] => Array ( [objectID] => 5770 [title] => Call for actions in Barbados and Eastern Caribbean [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/call-for-actions-in-barbados-and-eastern-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Greater Caribbean For Life (GCL) and the World Coalition are part of a joint project which aims to create a platform for death penalty reform in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, leading to eventual abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CallForActionGCL_WCADP-1.msword ) [1770] => Array ( [objectID] => 5772 [title] => Factsheet for Prison Staff [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-prison-staff/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Factsheet for prison staff - World Day Against the Death Penalty 2018. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2018-Fact_Sheet_Prison-Staff-1.pdf ) [1771] => Array ( [objectID] => 5774 [title] => Factsheet for Lawyers [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-lawyers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Factsheet for lawyers - World Day Against the Death Penalty 2018 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FactsheetLawyersWD2018-1.pdf ) [1772] => Array ( [objectID] => 5776 [title] => Detailed factsheet on living conditions on death row [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-on-living-conditions-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed factsheet on living conditions on death row [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_FactSheet_WD2018-1.pdf ) [1773] => Array ( [objectID] => 5779 [title] => Capital Punishment in Pennsylvania: The Report of the Task Force and Advisory Committee [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-in-pennsylvania-the-report-of-the-task-force-and-advisory-committee/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Senate Resolution No.6 in 2011 called for a study of the contemporary capital punishment system in the Commonwealth. Pennsylvania is among the 31 states and the federal government that authorize capital punishment. During the last four decades in Pennsylvania, hundreds of murderers have been convicted and condemned to death; however, there have been only three executions.This study follows others on the same or related topics, including those conducted by the American Bar Association and the Pennsylvania Supreme Court Committee on Racial and Gender Bias in the Justice System. The SR6 report is the culmination of work done by the Justice Center for Research at The Pennsylvania State University, the Interbranch Commission on Gender, Racial and Ethnic Fairness, and an advisory committee comprised of judges, public defenders, district attorneys, victim advocates, inmate advocates, clergy, law enforcement officials, and other expert stakeholders. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Government body report ) [url_doc] => http://jsg.legis.state.pa.us/resources/documents/ftp/publications/2018-06-25%20SR6%20(Capital%20Punishment%20in%20PA)%20FINAL%20REPORT%20June%2025%202018.pdf ) [1774] => Array ( [objectID] => 5780 [title] => How States abolish the death penalty 2nd Edition [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-states-abolish-the-death-penalty-2nd-edition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This publication briefly describes the experiences of 26 countries and 3 USA states as they moved towards abolition of the death penalty. These Case Studies are drawn from 27 countries from all regions of the world. This publication is an updated and enlarged version of ICDP's 2013 publication How States Abolish the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.icomdp.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ICDP-2018-MAYO-PENA-DE-MUERTE-v2.pdf ) [1775] => Array ( [objectID] => 5781 [title] => Arcs of Global Justice [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/arcs-of-global-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This work honours William A. Schabas and his career with essays by luminary scholars and jurists from Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The essays examine contemporary, historical, cultural, and theoretical aspects of the many arcs of global justice with which Professor Schabas has engaged, in fields including public international law, human rights, transitional justice, international criminal law, and capital punishment.Table of Contents (regarding information on the death penalty)II. Capital PunishmentChapter 5: International Law and the Death Penalty: A Toothless Tiger, or a Meaningful Force for Change?Sandra L. BabcockChapter 6: The UN Optional Protocol on the Abolition of the Death PenaltyMarc BossuytChapter 7: The Right to Life and the Progressive Abolition of the Death PenaltyChristof Heyns and Thomas Probert and Tess BordenChapter 8: Progress and Trend of the Reform of the Death Penalty in ChinaZhao Bingzhi [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://global.oup.com/academic/product/arcs-of-global-justice-9780190272654?cc=fr&lang=en&# ) [1776] => Array ( [objectID] => 5782 [title] => 2017 World Day report [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2017-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2017, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty along with abolitionist activists worldwide marked the 15th World Day against the Death Penalty by drawing attention to the death penalty and its link with poverty. This report presents the activities organised for the 15th world day and the media coverage it received. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_RAPPORTJM2017-1.pdf ) [1777] => Array ( [objectID] => 5784 [title] => 3 questions to Arthur Judah, former death row prisoner [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/3-questions-to-arthur-judah-former-death-row-prisoner/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Sentenced to death in Nigeria for murder, Arthur Judah was finally released in 2000 after 16 years of incarceration. Today, he works as writer and painter, and fight with us for the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_kCYcIAzCc&feature=youtu.be ) [1778] => Array ( [objectID] => 5785 [title] => 3 questions to Susan Kigula, former death row prisoner [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/3-questions-to-susan-kigula-former-death-row-prisoner/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Sentenced to death in Uganda for murder, Susan Kigula never stopped to claim her innocence. Creator of a death row inmates' choir and law graduate from the University of London, she finally obtained her release after 15 years in prison. In Uganda, she became a real symbol of the fight against the death penalty. She continues the fight with us, and created the Susan Kigula African Child Foundation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_2oStm_jJY&feature=youtu.be ) [1779] => Array ( [objectID] => 5786 [title] => 3 questions to Ndume Olatushani, former death row prisoner [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/3-questions-to-ndume-olatushani-former-death-row-prisoner/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ndume, 56 years old, spent 28 years in prison in the US, 20 of which on death row, for a crime he did not commit. Today, he is human rights activist, and fight with us for the abolition of the death penalty. He is also a very gifted painter. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJ7nW0eILF0&feature=youtu.be ) [1780] => Array ( [objectID] => 5787 [title] => Mobilisation Kit [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilisation-kit/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Produced to guide organisers, the kit suggests action and provides information about World Day and the theme chosen. For example, the section called “10 things you can to do on 10.10” suggests 10 activities to carry out within the framework of World Day such as participation in an art project, organisation of an event, or writing to those sentenced to death. It also suggests 10 tips for successful action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Kit_mobilisationJM2018_EN-1.pdf ) [1781] => Array ( [objectID] => 5791 [title] => Datos y Cifras 2018 [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/datos-y-cifras-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Documento de antecedentes sobre el uso de la pena de muerte en todo el mundo para 2017 y principios de 2018. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FactsFigures2018_ES-1.pdf ) [1782] => Array ( [objectID] => 5793 [title] => Facts and Figures 2018 [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Up-to-date information on the application of death penalty around the world in 2017 and 2018. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FactsFigures2018_EN-1.pdf ) [1783] => Array ( [objectID] => 5797 [title] => Global Prison Trends 2018 [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/global-prison-trends-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/PRI_Global-Prison-Trends-2018_EN_WEB.pdf ) [1784] => Array ( [objectID] => 5799 [title] => Death Qualification in Black and White: Racialized Decision Making and Death‐Qualified Juries [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-qualification-in-black-and-white-racialized-decision-making-and-death%e2%80%90qualified-juries/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Death qualification has been shown to have a number of biasing effects that appear to undermine a capital defendant's Sixth Amendment right to a fair jury. Attitudes toward the death penalty have shifted modestly but consistently over the last several decades in ways that may have changed the overall impact of death qualification. Specifically, the very large gap between black and white Americans' current support for capital punishment raises the question of whether death qualification procedures disproportionately exclude African Americans from capital jury participation. In order to examine this possibility, we conducted two countywide death penalty attitude surveys in the California county that has the highest percentage of African American residents in the state. Results show that death qualification continues to have a number of serious biasing effects—including disproportionately excluding death penalty opponents—which result in the significant underrepresentation of African Americans. This creates a death‐qualified jury pool with the potential to be significantly more likely to ignore and even misuse mitigating factors and to rely more heavily on aggravating factors in their death penalty decision making. The implications of these findings for the fair administration of capital punishment are discussed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3168897#%23 ) [1785] => Array ( [objectID] => 5800 [title] => HRI makes two submissions on human rights and drug control to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hri-makes-two-submissions-on-human-rights-and-drug-control-to-the-office-of-the-high-commissioner-for-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On May 18th HRI submitted information to the OHCHR, feeding into a report that the human rights body will present at the next session of the Human Rights Council, on the implementation of the 2016 UNGASS Outcome Document (entitled "joint commitment to effectively addressing and countering the world drug problem with regard to human rights").The first contribution, submitted jointly with the World Coalition against the Death Penalty (WCADP), focuses on the death penalty for drug offences, building on our 2017 Global Overview. The second submission, dedicated to harm reduction as a core component of the right to health, analyses global trends related to the availability, accessibility and funding of harm reduction services, also highlighting the specific challenges faced by subjects in detention. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/contents/1841 ) [1786] => Array ( [objectID] => 5803 [title] => The Last Defense [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-last-defense/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Last Defense is a new documentary series premiering for the first time at the 2018 Tribeca Film Festival on April 27. The seven-episode documentary series exposes flaws in the U.S. justice system through the personal narratives of death row prisoners Darlie Routier and Julius Jones, both whom maintain their innocence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/7083 ) [1787] => Array ( [objectID] => 5804 [title] => New opinion study shows Zimbabwean public ready to accept death penalty abolition [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/new-opinion-study-shows-zimbabwean-public-ready-to-accept-death-penalty-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Today, The Death Penalty Project, in partnership with Veritas, launches “12 Years Without an Execution: Is Zimbabwe Ready for Abolition?” a national public opinion study, providing for the first time comprehensive and contextualised data on public attitudes towards the death penalty in Zimbabwe – a country that has not carried out any executions in over 12 years. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/12-Years-Report.pdf ) [1788] => Array ( [objectID] => 5807 [title] => The Punishment [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => “The Punishment” is a short film that takes place in 1978 at a Texas State Penitentiary. The story follows inmate Randle Kohler’s last hours on Death Row leading up to his execution. The only human being he’s able to communicate with is the Prison Guard assigned to bring him his last meal. As their conversation develops we begin to see more and more layers of Kohler’s past and the events that led him to the prison cell. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/401141611/the-punishment-a-short-film ) [1789] => Array ( [objectID] => 5809 [title] => Pennsylvania capital post-conviction reversals and subsequent dispositions [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pennsylvania-capital-post-conviction-reversals-and-subsequent-dispositions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Pennsylvania, death-row prisoners whose convictions or death sentences are overturned in state or federal post-conviction appeals are almost never resentenced to death, a new Death Penalty Information Center study has revealed. Since Pennsylvania adopted its current death-penalty statute in September 1978, post-conviction courts have reversed prisoners' capital convictions or death sentences in 170 cases. Defendants have faced capital retrials or resentencings in 137 of those cases, and 133 times—in more than 97% of the cases—they received non-capital dispositions ranging from life without parole to exoneration. Only four prisoners whose death sentences were reversed in post-conviction proceedings remain on death row [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/files/pdf/Pennsylvania_Subsequent%20Dispositions_2018_04-23.pdf ) [1790] => Array ( [objectID] => 5811 [title] => Death Sentences and Executions in 2017 [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International published its international global review of the death penalty on Tuesday, 12th April 2018.At least 993 executions in 23 countries in 2017 were recorded, down by 4% from 2016 (1,032 executions) and 39% from 2015 (when the organization reported 1,634 executions, the highest number since 1989). China remained the world’s top executioner, but excluding China, 84% of all reported executions took place in just four countries – Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Pakistan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5079552018ENGLISH.PDF ) [1791] => Array ( [objectID] => 5812 [title] => Effective advocacy towards abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/effective-advocacy-towards-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-sub-saharan-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This manual has been written by the World Coalition against the death penalty (WCADP) in partnership with FIACAT.This tool is a guide for the advocacy towards abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa. It became a capitalisation tool of the joint project between FIACAT and WCADP “Contributing to the abolition of the Death Penalty in sub-Saharan Africa" [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP-AfricaAdvocacyCapitalizationManual2018-EN-1.pdf ) [1792] => Array ( [objectID] => 5817 [title] => Surviving Execution: A Miscarriage of Justice and the Fight to End the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/surviving-execution-a-miscarriage-of-justice-and-the-fight-to-end-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Imagine being condemned to death for murder, when even the prosecutors admit that you didn't actually kill anyone. This is what happened to Richard Glossip.Despite being convicted on the word of the actual self-confessed killer, the state of Oklahoma is still intent on executing him.Ian Woods, a reporter for Sky News in the UK, came across the case, and has tirelessly campaigned ever since to bring the injustices Glossip has faced to the world's attention. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/Surviving-Execution-Miscarriage-Justice-Penalty/dp/1786491869/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= ) [1793] => Array ( [objectID] => 5818 [title] => Lethal Rejection: An Empirical Analysis of the Astonishing Plunge in Death Sentences in the United States from Their Post-Furman Peak [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lethal-rejection-an-empirical-analysis-of-the-astonishing-plunge-in-death-sentences-in-the-united-states-from-their-post-furman-peak/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The authors gathered information on 1665 death-eligible cases nationwide for three years at decade intervals: 1994, 2004, and 2014. In 517 cases death sentences were imposed; in 311 cases sentences spared the defendants from death sentences, and in 837 cases prosecutors spared defendants from death sentences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3128311 ) [1794] => Array ( [objectID] => 5819 [title] => Capital Clemency Resource Initiative [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-clemency-resource-initiative/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This ressource provided by the American Bar Association permits to help fill clemency petitions in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://www.capitalclemency.org/ ) [1795] => Array ( [objectID] => 5820 [title] => Death Sentencing Database [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentencing-database/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This resource website displays data concerning death sentencing in the United States from 1990 to present. Research using these data includes a book, “End of its Rope: How Killing the Death Penalty Can Revive Criminal Justice” published by Harvard University Press in Fall 2017. This research was conducted by Professor Brandon L. Garrett with the support of the University of Virginia School of Law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://endofitsrope.com/database/ ) [1796] => Array ( [objectID] => 5821 [title] => Malawian Traditional Leaders’ Perspectives on Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malawian-traditional-leaders-perspectives-on-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 18 April 2018, the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide and Malawi’s Paralegal Advisory Services Institute (PASI) released their report on "Malawian Traditional Leaders’ Perspectives on Capital Punishment" before a group of public officials and stakeholders in Lilongwe.The report analyses data from surveys of 102 traditional leaders in villages across Malawi. Clifford Msiska, the National Director of PASI, informed an audience in Lilongwe that over ninety percent of traditional leaders surveyed did not support the use of the death penalty to punish individuals convicted of murder. Only six traditional leaders stated that death was the appropriate penalty for murder. The rest preferred a term of years, life imprisonment with opportunity for early release, or (least frequently of all) life imprisonment with no opportunity for release. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://reprieve.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Malawian-Traditional-Leaders-Perspectives-on-Capital-Punishment.pdf ) [1797] => Array ( [objectID] => 5822 [title] => Final declaration of the African Congress [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/final-declaration-of-the-african-congress/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 9 and 10 April, more than 300 abolitionists, activists, diplomats, politicians, parliamentarians, lawyers, former death row inmates and citizens gathered in Abidjan for the first African Congress against the death penalty. After two days of debating and sharing experiences, the delegates adopted a final declaration at the closing ceremony. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/en/final-declaration-of-the-african-congress/ ) [1798] => Array ( [objectID] => 5823 [title] => SUSPENSE: TWELVE YEARS LIVING AND LONGING ON DEATH ROW [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/suspense-twelve-years-living-and-longing-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Story of Ivan Ray Murphy Jr who was condemned to death for murder. Over a period of ten years and through the medium of more than a hundred letters, Murphy, who was known as Pee-Wee, shared his innermost thoughts with his twenty years older Norwegian pen friend, the author of this book, Marit Lund Bødtker. The author twice travelled to the prison in Huntsville, Texas, where Murphy was held and from where he worked tirelessly to regain his freedom. ‘Whether he is innocent, as he claims to be, or guilty, Murphy is first and foremost a human being, a man with his own personal strengths and weaknesses, dreams and aspirations. In all probability readers will sometimes find themselves agreeing with him, at other times totally at variance with his conduct and opinions, just as they do with other people they meet or read about.’ From the afterword by John Peder Egenæs, Secretary General, Amnesty International Norway [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/SUSPENSE-TWELVE-YEARS-LIVING-LONGING-ebook/dp/B076Y9K4MV ) [1799] => Array ( [objectID] => 5824 [title] => FREE MEN [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/free-men/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => How can a human being stand up, under conditions of unjust imprisonment on death row, alone and without hope of being released? In this documentary film, Anne-Frédérique Widmann draws the portrait of Kenneth Reams, who wakes up every day with an unwavering desire to live, and succeeds in writing, testifying, painting and loving a woman. A film about the art, resistance and dignity of every human life. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.fifdh.org/site/en/programme/free-men/357192 ) [1800] => Array ( [objectID] => 5826 [title] => The Sun Does Shine: How I Found Life and Freedom on Death Row [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-sun-does-shine-how-i-found-life-and-freedom-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Autobiography of Anthony Ray Hinton, the 152nd death row exoneree in the USA. In 1985, Anthony Ray Hinton was arrested and charged with two counts of capital murder in Alabama.With no money and a different system of justice for a poor black man in the South, Hinton was sentenced to death by electrocution.With the help of civil rights attorney and bestselling author of Just Mercy, Bryan Stevenson, Hinton won his release in 2015. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/Sun-Does-Shine-Found-Freedom/dp/1250124719 ) [1801] => Array ( [objectID] => 5827 [title] => Infinite Hope: How Wrongful Conviction, Solitary Confinement, and 12 years on Death Row Failed to Kill My Soul [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/infinite-hope-how-wrongful-conviction-solitary-confinement-and-12-years-on-death-row-failed-to-kill-my-soul/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Autobiography of Anthony Graves, an innocent exonerated from death row in the USA. In the summer of 1992, a family was beaten and stabbed to death in Somerville, Texas. The perpetrator set the house on fire to cover his tracks, deepening the heinousness of the crime and rocking the tiny community to its core. Authorities were eager to make an arrest. Five days later, Anthony Graves was in custody.Graves was indicted, convicted of capital murder, sentenced to death, and, over the course of twelve years on death row, given two execution dates. He was not freed for eighteen years, two months, four days. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/Infinite-Hope-Wrongful-Conviction-Confinement/dp/0807062529 ) [1802] => Array ( [objectID] => 5829 [title] => Casebook of Forensic Psychiatric Practice in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/casebook-of-forensic-psychiatric-practice-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Project and Forensic Psychiatry Chambers have released two new publications, together providing an authoritative guide on the application of mental health law in capital cases. The resources respond to the knowledge that, in many countries that retain the death penalty, mental health issues are not being sufficiently addressed by the courts, leading to miscarriages of justice and putting vulnerable individuals at risk.This Casebook uses real-life examples to address ethical and professional questions and explore the application of legal principles. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/DPP-Casebook-Casebook-of-Forensic-Psychiatric-Practice-in-Capital-Cases-WEB.pdf ) [1803] => Array ( [objectID] => 5830 [title] => Handbook of Forensic Psychiatric Practice in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/handbook-of-forensic-psychiatric-practice-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Project and Forensic Psychiatry Chambers have released two new publications, together providing an authoritative guide on the application of mental health law in capital cases. The resources respond to the knowledge that, in many countries that retain the death penalty, mental health issues are not being sufficiently addressed by the courts, leading to miscarriages of justice and putting vulnerable individuals at risk.This Handbook guides the reader through the role of the forensic psychiatrist in criminal proceedings and key principles of mental health law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/DPP-Handbook-Forensic-Psychiatric-Evidence-in-Serious-Criminal-Trials-WEB.pdf ) [1804] => Array ( [objectID] => 5832 [title] => Justice Denied : A Global Study of Wrongful Death Row Convictions January 2018 [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/justice-denied-a-global-study-of-wrongful-death-row-convictions-january-2018/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On March 7, 2018, the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide launched its new report entitled Justice Denied: A Global Study of Wrongful Death Row Convictions at the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland. The report is a first-of-its-kind comparative study of the risk factors that increase the likelihood of wrongful convictions. The report illuminates the similarities in wrongful conviction risk factors in six countries across the geographical and political spectrum: Cameroon, Indonesia, Jordan, Malawi, Nigeria, and Pakistan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/pdf/innocence_clinic_report_2018_R4_final.pdf ) [1805] => Array ( [objectID] => 5833 [title] => Joint Letter Calling on the HRC to Renew the Mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Iran [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/joint-letter-calling-on-the-hrc-to-renew-the-mandate-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-human-rights-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this joint letter many Iranian and international human rights organizations, urge the governments they called to support the renewal of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, during the 37th session of the UN Human Rights Council. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/supporting_resources/jointletter_hrc_mandate_specialrapporteur_humanrightsiran.pdf ) [1806] => Array ( [objectID] => 5834 [title] => Annual Report On The Death Penalty In Iran 2017 [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 10th annual report on the death penalty by Iran Human Rights (IHR) provides an assessment and analysis of the death penalty trends in 2017 in the Islamic Republic of Iran.The report sets out the number of executions in 2017, the trend compared to previous years, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran_2018-gb-090318-MD2.pdf ) [1807] => Array ( [objectID] => 5835 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2017 [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The year 2017 marks 10 years since Harm Reduction International launched its Death Penalty for Drugs project. This report looks at the death penalty for drugs in law and practice and considers critical developments on the issue. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.hri.global/files/2018/03/06/HRI-Death-Penalty-Report-2018.pdf ) [1808] => Array ( [objectID] => 5837 [title] => Public Opinion On The Death Penalty In Singapore: Survey Findings [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/public-opinion-on-the-death-penalty-in-singapore-survey-findings/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Informations and survey findings about the public opinion on the death penalty in Singapore [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3122150 ) [1809] => Array ( [objectID] => 5840 [title] => Handbook of Forensic Psychiatric Practice in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/handbook-of-forensic-psychiatric-practice-in-capital-cases-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Handbook-of-Forensic-Psychiatric-Practice-in-Capital-Cases.pdf ) [1810] => Array ( [objectID] => 5921 [title] => Mobilisation Kit [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilisation-kit-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Produced to guide organisers, the kit suggests action and provides information about World Day and the theme chosen. For example, the section called “10 things you can to do on 10.10” suggests 10 activities to carry out within the framework of World Day such as participation in an art project, organisation of an event, or writing to those sentenced to death. It also suggests 10 tips for successful action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-KitMobilisationWD2017-1.pdf ) [1811] => Array ( [objectID] => 5995 [title] => Mobilisation Kit [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilisation-kit-3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Produced to guide organisers, the kit suggests action and provides information about World Day and the theme chosen. For example, the section called “10 things you can to do on 10.10” suggests 10 activities to carry out within the framework of World Day such as participation in an art project, organisation of an event, or writing to those sentenced to death. It also suggests 10 tips for successful action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-KitMobilisationWD2016-1.pdf ) [1812] => Array ( [objectID] => 6067 [title] => Mobilisation Kit [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilisation-kit-4/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Produced to guide organisers, the kit suggests action and provides information about World Day and the theme chosen. For example, the section called “10 things you can to do on 10.10” suggests 10 activities to carry out within the framework of World Day such as participation in an art project, organisation of an event, or writing to those sentenced to death. It also suggests 10 tips for successful action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-KitMobilisationWD2015-1.pdf ) [1813] => Array ( [objectID] => 6195 [title] => Factsheet for Prison Staff [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-prison-staff-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the death penalty remains, persons with mental disabilities are at risk of being sentenced to death and executed in breach of international standards. This briefing paper aims to help prison staff act ethically and professionally when dealing with people on death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2014-Fact_Sheet_Prison-Staff-1.pdf ) [1814] => Array ( [objectID] => 6291 [title] => Mobilisation Kit [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilisation-kit-6/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Produced to guide organisers, the kit suggests action and provides information about World Day and the theme chosen. For example, the section called “10 things you can to do on 10.10” suggests 10 activities to carry out within the framework of World Day such as participation in an art project, organisation of an event, or writing to those sentenced to death. It also proposes 10 tips for successful action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-KitMobilisationWD2013-1.pdf ) [1815] => Array ( [objectID] => 6318 [title] => Handbook of Forensic Psychiatric Practice in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1514764800 [date] => 01/01/2018 [annee] => 2018 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/handbook-of-forensic-psychiatric-practice-in-capital-cases-3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Handbook represents a stand alone, single-volume practionners' handbook for the use of psychiatrists and psychologists, sollicitors, barristers, prosecuting authorities and the courts, who are required to deal with homicide, and other cases, in jurisdictions and circumstances where the death penalty can apply. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://content.yudu.com/A21sf5/DPPForensicReport/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl= ) [1816] => Array ( [objectID] => 4389 [title] => Abolitionists fight against the abusive use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1511827200 [date] => 28/11/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionists-fight-against-the-abusive-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/677830b49241e0240d90060903942073_2-1-500x334.jpg [extrait] => In October 2017, Pakistan has agreed to initiate efforts to narrow down the scope of the death penalty. This first step is the result of a strong mobilization from Pakistani and international organizations, in particular during World Day. [texte] => A repressive legislation Pakistan figures as one of the 56 retentionists countries. In 2014, the government put an end to a seven-year moratorium on executions to respond to the terrorist threat. Since then, Pakistan is one of the most prolific executioners with 485 prisoners executed since December 2014 and an average of 4 executions a week. As November 2017, 8,200 prisoners, including mentally disabled people and juveniles, are waiting for their executions on Pakistani death row. These prisoners were convicted on one of the 27 grounds punishable by death, including blasphemy offenses or sabotage of the railways system. In an Universal Periodic Review Joint Submission, Justice Project Pakistan (JPP), Reprieve, the World Organization Against Torture and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty also denounced coerced confessions and lack of effective representation which constitute a violation of international law. In its ICCPR review, the UN Human Rights Committee asked Pakistan to limit the scope of the death penalty, ensure that no juveniles or individuals with any disability are sentenced to death and amend the Anti-Terrorism Act. Indeed, this legal arsenal is not an adequate answer to the rise of terrorism in the country. According to Justice Project Pakistan, the death penalty is only used as a political tool: murder rates were already in decline before the moratorium was lifted. In fact, the use of capital punishment has failed to deter crimes and reduce terrorist attacks. Furthermore, of the 485 executions recorded, only 30% were sentenced to death for terrorism. Because the criminal justice system has completely collapsed over the past few years, human rights organizations have urged Pakistan to stop the abusive use of the death penalty and restore a system which respects due process and fair trial rights. A strong mobilization for the 15th World Day Against the Death PenaltyThe abolitionist mobilization was particularly important for the 15th World Day Against the Death Penalty. On October 10, a dozen of events took place in the country. In addition to numerous press releases, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan organized a rally outside the Lahore Press Club. While carrying placards and World Day posters, the protesters asked the government to abolish the death penalty and reestablish the moratorium. Members of the Human Rights Commission also distributed pamphlets aiming at explaining why the abolition is necessary. For World Day, Justice Project Pakistan also targeted populations in a successful awareness campaign. In collaboration with Azad Theatre and Highlight Arts, JPP launched the “Bus Kar do” tour. For a week, the bus traveled from Sahiwal to Karachi and stopped in several cities to perform “Intezaar – the Wait”. This theatre piece based on real cases aimed to highlight the discriminatory aspect of the death penalty and the harsh living conditions of death row prisoners waiting for their executions in Pakistani prisons. This tour gave an opportunity for the abolitionists to establish a dialogue with local communities, too often in favor the death penalty. “Unless we mobilize public support for reform in our criminal justice system, many are going to continue to slip through the cracks” stated Sarah Belal, Executive Director of JPP. In addition to the Bus Kar Do Tour, JPP targeted media with a three-day campaign. Besides the release of three advocacy videos, the newspaper Dawn published the story of three families victims of the death penalty. Through storytelling, JPP wished to demonstrate how unfair and inadequate the death penalty is. It shared, for instance, the story of a mother whose son, Khizar, was arrested for the alleged murder of his best friend. Whereas Khizar’s mental illness and the lack of an effective legal assistance should have been construed as mitigating factors, the Court, nevertheless, sentenced the young men to death. The World Day mobilization paid off. According to a survey conducted by JPP following World Day, 93% of the respondents are opposed to the executions of juveniles and physically disabled, 64% would like to reduce the scope of the death penalty and 53% wish to restore the moratorium. A successful commitment towards abolitionThe action of the abolitionists, however, is not limited to the World Day Against the Death Penalty. In addition to their numerous advocacy campaigns, JPP also provides free legal assistance to death row prisoners. JPP attorneys were quite successful in their enterprise since they obtained the acquittal for two death row blasphemy cases and 12 stays of executions. Aware that legal representation is often an issue, JPP also released a legal manual for lawyers litigating torture and defending clients in blasphemy cases. For the sake of transparency, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan has also released regular reports on death row prisoners and executions statistics. Thus, the statement from Pakistani authorities regarding the alleviation of the death penalty scope is the direct result of the important mobilization of the civil society. It can also be seen as a first step in the right direction. Image: The Nation [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1817] => Array ( [objectID] => 4390 [title] => « A new Gambia » welcomes the 61st session of the ACHPR [timestamp] => 1511222400 [date] => 21/11/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-new-gambia-welcomes-the-61st-session-of-the-achpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9c02e4f1475a54c65c12547bde563988_2-1-500x213.jpg [extrait] => From November 1st to November 15, 2017, the 61st session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, as well as the NGO Forum, took place in Banjul, Gambia. During the opening session, the President of The Gambia, Adama Barrow, confirmed the “New Gambia’s commitment” to human rights. [texte] => Before the opening of the 61st session of the ACHPR, the NGO Forum took place from October 28 to October 30, 2017. The Secretary of Justice, Abubacarr Tambadou, delivered the opening speech in which he highlighted the signature on September 20, 2017 of the Second Optional Protocol to the Internal Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. He also announced the ratification of several human rights treaties.On this note of hope and to reinforce the dialogue on human rights between the African Union and the European Union, the NGO Forum welcomed Stavros Lambrinidis, the EU special Representative for Human Rights. Mr Lambrinidis recalled the inalienability and indivisibility of human rights, in Europe, in Africa, and all around the world.The Forum underlined how unfair the death penalty is.Following up with the World Day Against the Death Penalty, a side event, organized by the World Coalition, FIACAT and FIDH, discussed the theme of the death penalty and poverty.Pamela Okoroigwe, LEDAP (Nigeria), Salomon Nodjitoloum (ACAT Chad) and Jean Jacques Ngangya, Pax Christi Uvira (DRC) participated in the panel. The speakers discussed the death penalty in their respective country and underlined the impact of poverty on the death penalty. LEDAP’s representative emphasized how corruption is prevalent in Nigeria. Because they do not have the necessary resources to bribe police officers, judges and prosecutors, people from poor economic background are more likely to be sentenced to death.In Chad, Salomon Nodjitoloum regretted the government’s decision to reestablish the death penalty for terrorist offenses. He also made the link between poverty and the rise of terrorism in Chad: “For us, poverty is terrorism’s principal ally even though it is not the only factor. Most of terrorism’s recruits are school dropout or unemployed people… Terrorists are often people living in margin of society. To weaken terrorism, we need to fight social misery.”Finally, Pax Christi Uvira’s Director shared his concerns regarding people sentenced to death in the country. “They are poor citizens who are victims of their legal ignorance. Tribunals are far away, defense is ineffective, fees are high. They’re victim of their lack of social and economic resources and cannot face the complexity of the judicial system.”The 61st session of the ACHPR brings to the fore the abolition of the death penalty in Africa Sunday, 5 November, FIDH and DITSHWANELO organized a side event with the ACHPR’s Working Group on the Death Penalty and Extra-Judicial, Summary or Arbitrary Killings in Africa to discuss the different mechanisms enabling the abolition of the death penalty in the continent. On this occasion, DITSHWANELO released a study on these mechanisms in Southern Africa. FIDH also screened “Gambia has decided”, a movie on the abolition process in Gambia.During this panel, the representative of the Gambian Ministry of Justice recalled its willingness to abolish the death penalty. The government also wishes to amend the Gambian Constitution to include the abolition of the death penalty.According to Ms. Kayitesi, Commissioner and President of the Working group on the death penalty of the ACHPR, political leaders have the last word when it comes to abolish the death penalty. A unequivocal abolitionist, as the one expressed by Gambian authorities, is necessary for a complete abolition of the death penalty in Africa.Mr. Mabassa Fall, FIDH representative before the African Union, recalled civil society’s role: educate and raise awareness in order to assist governments on the path to abolition. Indeed, public opinion in Africa is not well aware of wrongful convictions and the definitive and discriminatory aspects of the death penalty. He also underlined the fact that people living in poverty are the ones sentenced to death.Review of the periodic State reports During the 61st Ordinary session, the African Commission reviewed reports from Rwanda, Niger and the Democratic Republic of Congo.While reviewing Rwanda’s report, Commissioner Maya Sahli-Fadel, member of the Working Group on the Death Penalty, expressed her wishes to obtain feedback of the abolition process in order to share it with other African retentionist countries. According to the Rwandan delegation, the death penalty did not contribute in a decline of criminality rates. On the contrary, the death penalty demonstrated its inefficiency. 2000 people were on Rwandan death row when the country abolished the death penalty in 2007. Today, the former prisoners have reintegrated society and obtained a second chance.While reviewing Niger’s report, Commissioner Kayitesi reiterated her concerns expressed by the World Coalition, FIACAT and its members in Niger in a position paper on the death penalty in the country. She congratulated the Justice Secretary for his commitment on death penalty issues and questioned him on the abolition process. She invited Niger to support the Draft Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa when it will be discussed at the African Union. The Niger delegation informed the ACHPR of its bill aiming at the ratification of the OP2, even though the bill has not been discussed in the National Assembly since it was introduced for the first time in 2014. For democracy’s sake, the government does not wish to force the legislative process. The Secretary of Justice stated that he did not believe in the death penalty and “never will”. He recalled the Niger commitment to abolish capital punishments and stated that Niger “will support the Draft Protocol aiming at the abolition of the death penalty in Africa and any reforms aiming at enforcing human rights in Africa.” Niger also committed to commute on National Day (April 18, 2018) 11 death sentences into imprisonment sentences.During the DRC’s review, Commissioner Kayitesi asked why the country did not use the implementation of the Rome Statute (which created the International Criminal Court) to abolish the death penalty in the country. The government delegation answered that a de facto moratorium has been put in place. The Parliament is currently debating on this issue. Out of respect for the separation of powers, the government does not wish to interfere.During an oral joint statement, the World Coalition, FIACAT and FIDH recalled the importance of having a legally binding document aiming at the abolition of the death penalty in Africa. They also reaffirmed their support to the Commission’s call to abolitionist countries to support the Draft Protocol when the former will be discussed at the African Union. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1818] => Array ( [objectID] => 4391 [title] => Abolitionists support death row survivors [timestamp] => 1510617600 [date] => 14/11/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionists-support-death-row-survivors/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e33618fd8b059e901514206dbaafa291_2-1-500x332.jpg [extrait] => On October 26, abolitionists all around the world celebrated the release of Cheng Hsing-Tse, originally sentenced to death in 2006. This successful outcome highlights the work of numerous organizationss which assist death row survivors. [texte] => Assisting people on death rowOn October 26, 2017, the Taiwan High Court acquitted Cheng Hsing-Tse after 14 years spent on death row. The Taiwan Innocence Project, member organization of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, is at the origin of this successful enterprise. Indeed, founded in 2012, the Taiwan Innocence Project provides to post conviction cases that claim to be innocent an effective legal the representation enabling death row prisoners to challenge their death sentences. Taiwan Innocence Project is not the only organization providing legal assistance to people on death row. All around the world, similar projects assist people on death row. Over the last 25 years, the Innocence Project successfully exonerated 351 cases by DNA. But the movement is not limited to Innocence projects, several organizations have provided legal representation to obtain the commutation of a death sentence. The Malawi Capital Resentencing Project, for instance, has led to the release of 122 prisoners in Malawi since 2007. Life after death rowOnce free, these death row survivors are not left alone. To help them rebuilding their life, many abolitionists organizations assist former prisoners. The Sunny Center, for instance, provides a shelter to those who have been released from prison. During their time at the center, former prisoners recuperate and benefit from a therapeutic environment. On another level, Witness to Innocence has launched a compensation campaign to win federal compensation for people released from death row. Indeed, in the United States, many states refuse to pay compensation to exonerated death row survivors despite the significant damage they experienced. Because they were exonerated, they are often not eligible for state aid for the formerly incarcerated. Compensation is, nevertheless, essential for most of the exonerees. That is why several organizations such as Witness to Innocence have taken action to remedy the system’s flaws. In February 2006, four Witness to Innocence exoneree members spoke before the Department of Justice about the needs of death row survivors after their release. The Malawi Capital Resentencing Project also sent several former death row prisoners to a Halfway House where they received a professional training to become driver. Thanks to this type of support, death row survivors can successfully reintegrate into society and for some of them, advocate for the abolition of the death penalty. Death row survivors against the death penaltyDeath row survivors have often stood up to denounce the justice system they were victims of. Because death row survivors are powerful advocates for the abolition of the death penalty, Witness to Innocence has built its entire campaign around exonerees’ narratives. The organization even released a documentary called The Gathering where 16 exonerees share their stories and their view on the American criminal justice system. Exonerees are also involved at various levels. After three years on death row, Kwame Ajamu now acts as Board Chair of Witness to Innocence. Paris “Rocc” Powell also joined the organization as a peer specialist after being sentenced to death in 1997 for a crime he did not commit. Families are also victims of the death penalty. Former death row prisoners, however, are not the only victims of the death penalty. Indeed, many organizations such as Journey of Hope and Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights (MVFHR) challenge the presumption that victims’ families are in favor of the capital punishment. For many of them, the death penalty does not relieve them from their pain. On the contrary, it exacerbates it. Despite witnessing her own son being killed by gang members, Vera Crutcher joined Journey of Hope: “Even though we hurt, we forgive. We forgive because that’s the only way we are going to heal. If we do not heal, we’ll have this anger eating us like cancer.” In October, Murder victims’ family members went on tour in Texas to spread its message and advocate for the end of the death penalty in the state. Abolitionists do not forget either family members of the executed. MVFHR has launched the “No Silence, No Shame” campaign which aims to draw attention on how the death penalty harms families of the executed. For the 15th World Day Against the Death Penalty, VIASNA, in partnership with the World Coalition, released a short video about Tamara Sialun, a mother whose son was sentenced to death in Belarus. In the video she described the difficult situation she experienced following the death sentence of her son: “I went down into that debt abyss, from which it’s hard to get out […] I am hungry, but I must endure.” Like VIASNA or Witness to Innocence, all these organizations have a leitmotif: providing assistance to all the death row survivors, and hoping that their story will convince governments to abolish the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1819] => Array ( [objectID] => 4392 [title] => The Greater Caribbean for Life rejects the call for the resumption of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1510185600 [date] => 09/11/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-greater-caribbean-for-life-rejects-the-call-for-the-resumption-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7d13ab6d8e2466416033265d4f76b9c2_2-272x300.jpg [extrait] => The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL), an independent, not-for-profit regional civil society organization working towards the abolition of the Death Penalty in the region, rejects the recommendation for the resumption of the death penalty. [texte] => The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL), an independent, not-for-profit regional civil society organization working towards the abolition of the Death Penalty in the region, rejects the recommendation for the resumption of the death penalty, made by Police Superintendent Dr. Chaswell Hanna in his recent study, “Solutions to the Murder Problem.”GCL believes that society has a right to protect itself from persons who commit heinous crimes and offenders must be held accountable. However, we believe that non-lethal means are sufficient to defend and protect society from offenders. While GCL condemns the rise of violent crime in the Bahamas and expresses solidarity with victims, members reject the notion that capital punishment will act as a deterrent or foster respect for life in our communities.GCL supports the sentiments expressed in the Editorial of the Nassau Guardian dated 20 October 2017: “We do not think the death penalty will help reduce any type of crime in The Bahamas. The death penalty is irreversible and the criminal justice system often gets it wrong. “Just look at the large number of convictions for serious crimes that get overturned when cases reach the Court of Appeal. Additionally, the death penalty is disproportionately carried out on the poor, uneducated, mentally deficient and under-represented. We should not be in pursuit of an absolute punishment when there is so much evidence that the justice system has flaws.”Dr Hanna’s Study states: “Many of those opposed to capital punishment fail to understand that it was not created for prevention, but rather incapacitation and retribution”. GCL’s view is that even if that may have been the intention in the past, the world has moved from retribution to restorative justice/rehabilitation. The fact that 141 countries in the world have abolished capital punishment in law or in practice indicate a trend that shows that the death penalty has no place in the 21st Century. GCL agrees with Ms. Janet Reno, former Attorney General of the USA who has said:"I think that the only purpose for the death penalty, as I see it, is vengeance-- pure and simple vengeance. But I think vengeance is a very personal feeling and I don't think it is something that civilized government should engage in . . .”The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) urges the Bahamian Government to reject the call for the resumption of capital punishment and address the root causes of crime rather than just the symptoms. The recommendations of the UNDP 2012 report: Human Development and the shift to better citizen security, which focused on 7 Caribbean countries, apply to the Bahamas also. The Report stated that there needs to be a better balance between legitimate law enforcement and prevention, with an emphasis on prevention; and more investment, for example, in youth development, job creation and reducing poverty and socio-economic inequality/ inequity. These strategies can contribute to a safer and more democratic and just society in the region.Rather than baying for blood, let’s all work with our respective governments to develop/employ innovative and effective strategies to reduce crime. To devise/implement more effective victim support initiatives. For example, by developing and implementing effective witness protection programmes, strengthening our criminal justice systems, improving our law enforcement agencies and detection/conviction rates. Let’s improve our Forensic capabilities, and Court facilities which may serve to improve efficiency and processing of cases. Let’s deal with inordinate delays in the system due, for example, to Court backlogs, high case load, and incompetence/corruption in some Police Forces. We must strengthen family life and promote good parenting; fix any broken institutions; get rid of the drugs, guns and gangs in the Bahamas. We must also examine whether investment in education is meeting the needs of students in the 21st Century; eliminate violence in schools, homes and society at large; promote restorative justice and a culture of nonviolence, respect for self and others. The time is long overdue for our countries to promote character development and good neighbourliness. Let’s speed up prison reform and the rehabilitation processes; work to restore respect for law, life and human rights, by, for example, promoting a renewed ethic of justice, responsibility and community. Frank Friel, Former Head of Organized Crime Homicide Task Force, Philadelphia, USA rightly says: "The death penalty does little to prevent crime. It's the fear of apprehension and the likely prospect of swift and certain punishment that provides the largest deterrent to crime." Let’s not let our emotions on this issue cloud our judgment as to the best way forward. Let’s stop crime, not lives!For further information, contact Leela Ramdeen, Chair, GCL & Attorney-at-Law on 1-868-299- 8945 or via email: leela_ramdeen@hotmail.com [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1820] => Array ( [objectID] => 4393 [title] => Guatemala abolishes the death penalty for ordinary crimes [timestamp] => 1509408000 [date] => 31/10/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/guatemala-abolishes-the-death-penalty-for-ordinary-crimes/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c7192b25b92649b9f504c70052445dc7_2-1-500x209.jpg [extrait] => On October 24, the Constitutional Court of Guatemala has abolished the death penalty in civil cases. [texte] => According to the judges of the highest court, the death penalty violates the Constitution and international conventions such as the American Convention on Human Rights. Thus, it abolished capital punishment for the 5 following offenses: extrajudicial executions, kidnappings, parricides, enforced disappearances and assassinations. Because this ruling cannot be appealed and is legally binding, judges will not able to challenge it. Although the death penalty still exists for military offences, the ruling of the Constitutional court acts as a first step towards a complete abolition of capital punishment in the country. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guatemala ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1821] => Array ( [objectID] => 4394 [title] => The Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines launches a campaign against the reinstatement of the death penalty in the country [timestamp] => 1508976000 [date] => 26/10/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-commission-on-human-rights-of-the-philippines-launches-a-campaign-against-the-reinstatement-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-country/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/19e7c8bdb4539bb70d2106ed039e3222_2-1-500x185.jpg [extrait] => Despite its national and international commitment not to carry out any executions, Philippines is taking worrying measures toward the reinstatement of the death penalty for drug offenses. Determined to thwart the government’s plan, the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines has taken various actions, including an awareness campaign for the 15th World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => A giant leap backwardsDespite the enactment of “An act prohibiting the imposition of the death penalty in the Philippines” in 2006 and the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, President Duterte has manifested his willingness to reinstate the death penalty for drug offenses. This regressive bill aims at eliminating the on-going criminality in the country. In the Philippines, the reintroduction of death penalty has been already used as an answer to rising criminality. Indeed, although the Parliament abolished the death penalty in 1987, capital punishment was reintroduced under Republic Act 7659 in 1993. Abolitionists had to wait until 2006 to see a complete abolition in practice and in law. Therefore, the same abolitionists organizations were bewildered when they heard President Duterte’s commitment to “eradicate the ills of society” with the restoration of the death penalty. This announcement appeared as even more surprising since only 4.02% of people on death row had been convicted of drug related offenses in 2003. These statistics, however, did not prevent the House of Representatives to approve on third and final reading the bill restoring the death penalty in the country. The Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines takes action.To counteract the adoption of the bill, the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines, in partnership with several organizations, has engaged in an awareness campaign. The first step of this campaign was to establish a dialogue with local communities in order to debate about an effective justice system. Legislative advocacy constituted another essential step of this campaign. The Commission and other partners monitored discussions in Parliament and targeted some parliamentarians by providing them social research and guidance notes. The Commission will conduct the country's first ever comprehensive national survey to examine public opinion on death penalty with the objective of determining the underlying perceptions, motivations and conditions for or against its reimposition.In addition to this, abolitionists organized media campaigns to raise public awareness for the 15th World Day Against the Death Penalty. Information and education campaigns took place all around the country: The Commission and the Right to Life Network distributed information documents to communities. It also published and distributed a compendium of CHRP’s position papers, advisories and resolutions on the death penalty to serve as resource book and inspiration in abolishing capital punishment in the country. To reach a wide audience, the Commission targeted social media networks: several posts, meme and infographics in partnership with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty were shared through Facebook. Finally, the Commission, in partnership with the Australian National University, released “In Defense of the Right to Life: International Law and the Death Penalty in the Philippines”. This study aims at reminding the Philippine government of its legal obligations under international law. Indeed, under international law, a State cannot denounce or withdraw from the Second Optional Protocol. Thus, a reinstatement of the death penalty would be in violation of international law. Finally, the study adds that there is any ability for the Philippines to raise constitutional provisions as arguments against the validity or interpretation of these treaties. Based on these arguments, the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines hopes to prevent the reestablishment of capital punishment in the country. Such reinstatement would be a step backward but could also trigger a chain reaction from other nations that have not yet abolished or plans to introduce the death penalty to take the same measures. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1822] => Array ( [objectID] => 4395 [title] => Strong mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa on World Day [timestamp] => 1508371200 [date] => 19/10/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/strong-mobilization-in-sub-saharan-africa-on-world-day/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/dd3186fa0fef19257877dbb7189556fd_2-1-500x281.jpg [extrait] => On October 10, 2017, all the abolitionists all around the world joined their forces to celebrate the 15th World Day Against the Death Penalty. The mobilization was particularly strong in Sub-Saharan Africa where many events were organized. Thus, the pugnacity of African abolitionists put the abolition of the death penalty at the heart of every discussion. [texte] => A strong mobilization On October 10, 2017, 30 events have been recorded so far in Sub-Saharan Africa. These events were as numerous as diverse. Many organizations such as ACAT Benin and the Legal Human Rights Center in Tanzania organized debates and panel discussions. Many of them were on this year’s theme: poverty and the death penalty. For instance, the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative organized a debate on poverty and the death penalty in Kampala, Uganda. These debates underlined why people living in poverty are at a greater risk of being sentenced to death and executed. In a conference on “poverty and justice” organized by ACAT Benin, Valéry Houangni emphasized how people from poor economic background struggle to access justice: “To defend yourself, you need a lawyer. Consultation fee will cost you 50,000 Francs and contingency fee may amount from 10% to 15%” she said. Other organizations tailored their events to the needs of the civil society. Hence, RACOPEM and Association Droit et Paix co-organized in Cameroon a panel discussion on the importance of side investigation for lawyers with the aim of providing Cameroonian lawyers tools to ensure an effective representation in a country where death sentences have dramatically increased. World Day events, however, were not limited to conferences. Other organizations such as Community of St Egidio, ICJ or Amnesty International Benin visited death row prisoners in Kenya and in Benin. In Uganda, Foundation for Human Rights Initiative spent three hours in a solidarity visit to the death row prisoners both in the male and female sections to manifest their support to prisoners and let them know they were not forgotten. Indeed, one of the main goal of this mobilization was to raise awareness about the death penalty and highlight the impact on prisoners and their families. In that regard, many awareness campaigns took place all around Africa. Pax Christi-Uvira arranged several meetings between students and educators in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The main goal was to alert young generations about the death penalty and the flaws of the criminal justice system. The Children Education Society (CHESO) in Tanzania also targeted children and teenagers by organizing a “Draw me the abolition” exhibition in partnership with ECPM. Thus, thanks to this broad mobilization, the abolition of the death penalty was widely debated. A broad media coverageMedia coverage was also a key factor in the World Day Against the Death Penalty’s success. In Kenya, News Centre interviewed John Muthuri from the Africa Prison Project to discuss how the judiciary was about to construe differently the notion of mandatory death penalty. In Mali and Benin, national televisions followed the debate organized by ACAT Benin and ACAT Mali. Newspaper massively circulated press releases from abolitionists, especially in Botswana where retentionist movements prevail. Despite judicial and political disparities among countries, the message remained the same: the complete abolition of the death penalty, in law and in practice. As to this day, the African media coverage of World Day events represents 18 % of the worldwide media coverage. This strong mobilization, hence, put the abolition at the center of political debates. In Tanzania, for instance the newspaper The Citizen stated: “Pressure is mounting to abolish the death penalty”. In Ivory Coast, the newspaper Abidjan.net questioned the government’s inertia regarding the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. Abolitionists’ mobilization also had an impact beyond the African continent. Several Embassies responded to the African organizations’ calls. The Delegation of the European Union in Uganda joined the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative in its solidary visit and released a press statement urging for the abolition of the death penalty in Uganda. This awakening has pushed abolitionists to go even further in their advocacy. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1823] => Array ( [objectID] => 4396 [title] => The United Nations Human Rights Council votes in favor of a new resolution on the death penalty [timestamp] => 1507075200 [date] => 04/10/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-united-nations-human-rights-council-votes-in-favor-of-a-new-resolution-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e06b0a806ff4ca66da044429dae11dcf_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => After putting the death penalty at the heart of discussion, the 36th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council ended with the adoption of a resolution on the death penalty. [texte] => The death penalty has been on Human Rights Council’s agenda since the very beginning of the session in mid-September. Indeed, the High Commissioner for Human Rights presented its report on the high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty which took place the 1st of March 2017 during the 34th session of the Human Rights Council. The purpose of this panel discussion was to address human rights violations related to the use of the death penalty, in particular with respect to the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.The Council also presented the Yearly Supplement of the Secretary-general to his quinquennial report on capital punishment. It pays specific attention to discrimination in the context of the death penalty. An entire part of the report focuses on socio-economic discriminations which echoes the World Day Against the Death Penalty’s theme: the death penalty and poverty.The Council voted a resolution on the death penalty and discrimination.During informal reunions, the Human Rights Council debated on a project of resolution similar to the yearly supplement.Benin, Belgium, Costa Rica, France, Mexico, Moldavia and Mongolia presented a project of resolution initiated by Switzerland. This project of resolution underlines the discriminatory aspect of the death penalty and aims to organize a high-level panel on this particular issue during the 40th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council. Moreover, the resolution asks the Secretary General to dedicate his 2019 yearly supplement to his quinquennial report on capital punishment and its consequences on the respect for human rights.The resolution, co-sponsored by 60 States, was adopted on September 29, 2017, with 27 votes in favor, 13 votes against and 7 abstentions. As it was expected, Egypt and Saudi Arabia wanted to amend the text. These amendments, however, were rejected. Thus, like China, Iraq or Japan, Saudi Arabia and Egypt voted against the resolution.On death penalty issues, the civil society makes itself heard.During the session of the Human Rights Council, the civil society advocating for the abolition of the death penalty made itself heard. For instance, Death Penalty project, member of the World Coalition Against the Death penalty, organized a side event on the death penalty in Commonwealth countries. Besides, several organizations of the civil society made statements on the death penalty. A dozen of members of the World Coalition co-signed a joint-statement which congratulated the Secretary General for paying attention to the discriminatory application of the death penalty. As a conclusion, the organizations declared:“The death penalty is a discriminatory practice, often used against the poor, and should be abolished.”Amnesty International also made a statement congratulating Mongolia for the legislative abolition of the death penalty. Amnesty, which celebrates the 40th anniversary of its abolition campaign, warned the Council about the fate of juveniles sentenced to death in some countries. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1824] => Array ( [objectID] => 4397 [title] => Democratic Republic of the Congo: the abolitionists organize workshops for journalists [timestamp] => 1506297600 [date] => 25/09/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/democratic-republic-of-the-congo-the-abolitionists-organize-workshops-for-journalists/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/59e7b554dc2e2c13a7713a8083b451a9_2-1-500x280.jpg [extrait] => Concerned by the population’s view on the death penalty, the Human Rights Defenders and Abolitionist Advocates in Democratic Republic of the Congo Network [Réseau des associations de défense des droits de l’homme et militants abolitionnistes de la peine de mort en République Démocratique du Congo (RADHOMA)] organized several training courses for journalists in the past few months. [texte] => Over the last summer, RADHOMA organized several training courses targeting local journalists. For two months, 8 journalists attended several workshops on the death penalty. Thanks to these workshops, journalists have developed the necessary skills to deliver accurate information and facilitate the debate on the death penalty and its abolition. A training course aimed at facilitating the debate on the abolition of the death penalty. Over the last few years, the debate on the abolition of the death penalty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has not been prolific. To remedy this situation, RADHOMA decided to collaborate more closely with media. RADHOMA identified 8 journalists from different background but already in favor of the abolition and offered to train them during several weeks. During these workshops, trainers addressed essential issues. First, Mr. Baudouin Kipaka Basilimu, Executive Secretary, and Mr. François Mukandila, Journalist Coordinator, defined key notions to explain the arguments against capital punishment, but also the abolition process and the role of journalists in the advocacy process. Thanks to a constructive dialogue, the journalists understood why the abolition of the death penalty was necessary. The advocacy skills of RADHOMA’s speakers even convinced the most reluctant ones after only 4 workshops. A useful training course for the World Day Against the Death Penalty, but not only. Thanks to these workshops, members of RADHOMA were able to put the debate on the abolition of the death penalty at the center of the civil society’s discussions. Indeed, members of the network will be the guest of several radio and television shows in Kinshasa and Sud-Kivu. The discussion will mainly focus on this year’s World Day theme (poverty and the death penalty), but also on a report exposing the living conditions of death row prisoners in the country made by RADHOMA’s volunteers. By drawing the attention of the “4th Estate” to the death penalty, abolitionists wish to bring back the abolition of the death penalty on the political agenda. Although the Democratic Republic of the Congo is abolitionist de facto, authorities have always refused to abolish the death penalty completely. It has based its refusal on the population’s support to the death penalty. “This argument does not rely on any material evidence.” said Baudouin Kipaka Basilimu. The training aims at remedying this unclear situation. Indeed, after raising awareness among the population, journalists will be able to have a more accurate representation of the population’s opinion on the death penalty. For RADHOMA, this training was only a first step. In the upcoming months, the network will organize other trainings targeting journalists, but not only. The network would like to train and discuss with other members of the Congolese society in order to facilitate negotiations aimed to abolish the death penalty. RADHOMA is currently designing workshops targeting magistrates and members of the military. These workshops will emphasize the inconsistencies of the Congolese criminal justice system which forces judges to sentence individuals to death. Building on the success of the latest training, RADHOMA remains focused on its main purpose: a complete abolition of the death penalty in the country. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1825] => Array ( [objectID] => 4398 [title] => Gambia and Madagascar commit to irreversible abolition [timestamp] => 1506038400 [date] => 22/09/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/gambia-and-madagascar-commit-to-irreversible-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/113b638d72539b41bd5a8f0814d478ae_2-1-500x155.png [extrait] => on 20 and 21 September 2017, Gambia signed and Madagascar ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => As the UN treaty event is going on in New York, two more African states commit to irreversible abolition by signing and ratifying the UN Protocol for abolition. The Treaty Event, which takes place during the General Debate of each session of the General Assembly provides "special facilities for the Heads of States or Government to add their signatures to any treaty or convention of which the Secretary-General is the depositary". It is a good opportunity for member states to express support for human rights and the rule of law.Last year, at the same time, Togo and the Dominican Republic also accessed to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. A first step towards abolition for GambiaThe last executions took place in 2012 when nine prisoners were executed by firing squad, including three persons who were convicted of treason, and two Senegalese nationals, one of them a woman. It was the country’s first executions in 31 years and they were “greeted by international outcry” according to the Death Penalty Worldwide Database.However, since the presidential elections and the democratic change of government, Amnesty International recognised “major progress made since President Barrow’s inauguration on 19 January (2017), including the release of dozens of political prisoners and retraction of Gambia’s withdrawal from the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court”. Their recommendations covering 10 areas of reform included the abolition of the death penalty.In November 2016, Gambia voted for the first time in favor of the UNGA resolution for a moratorium on execution during the 3rd Commission but was absent during the vote in the plenary in December 2016. “The signature of the UN protocol aiming at the abolition of the death penalty by Gambia yesterday is a critical step towards abolition and is a strong commitment from the president to move towards abolition in law while guaranteeing that no executions will resume” says Aurelie Placais, director of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. The final step for irreversible abolition in MadagascarMadagascar signed the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR in September 2012, during the UN Treaty Event and abolished the death penalty in law in January 2015. It has always voted in favor of the UNGA moratorium resolution and has cosponsored it since 2010.According to information received from ACAT Madagascar and FIACAT, on 14 December 2016, the National Assembly adopted a bill N. 057/2016 authorizing ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR and the law was promulgated on 17 January 2017. Madagascar finalised the ratification process by depositing the instruments of ratification with the United Nations’ General Secretary on 21 September 2017. Madagascar has become the 85th state party to this international treaty and the 14th in Africa.Calling on abolitionist countries in Africa to adopt the draft additional protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the abolition of the death penaltyThe World Coalition also calls on Gambia and Madagascar to commit to the adoption of the draft additional protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa which will be soon discussed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The World Coalition is campaigning with FIACAT, FIDH, DITSHWANELO and all member organisations in Sub-Saharan Africa for the adoption of the draft protocol by the African Union. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1826] => Array ( [objectID] => 4399 [title] => Tanzania: President Magufuli declares his position against the death penalty. [timestamp] => 1505865600 [date] => 20/09/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/tanzania-president-magufuli-declares-his-position-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b8113c118fc3803636d9e2be006b3f95_2-1-500x252.jpg [extrait] => While officiating the new Chief Justice at the State House, the President of Tanzania, President Magufuli, expressed his support towards the abolitionist movement by refusing to sign any future death warrant. For the Tanzanian Coalition Against the Death Penalty, this statement is an unhoped opportunity to ask for the complete abolition of the death penalty in the country. [texte] => During the investiture of his new Chief Justice, President Magufuli made an unexpected statement regarding his view on the death penalty. While mentioning the fate of the 491 death row prisoners, the President declared: “I am aware of the difficulties in implementing such sentences, so I am telling the courts not to submit to me the list of names of the prisoners who are in line to be hanged to death […] I am told there are many people waiting to be executed, but please don’t bring the list of those people to me. As politicians, we are not happy about carrying out such death sentences.”For Fulgence TM, head of the Legal Aid Clinic of the Legal and Human Rights Center (LHRC), this statement gives an opportunity to discuss further. Since the presidential announcement, members of the political opposition and the civil society have debated over the fate of the death penalty in the country. “It seems that the presidential statement has emboldened those who did not dare to speak out,” said Fulgence TM. On local television, not a single comment was made in favor of the death penalty. “People consider the death penalty as a colonial inheritance. No one is in favor of it. I think it is the right time to challenge it” declared Fulgence TM. Even though the last execution took place in 1994, the statement made by President Magufuli could potentially impact the 491 inmates sentenced to death. According to the Legal Aid Clinic of LHRC, the presidential support will enable lawyers to challenge the mandatory death penalty before the High Court. Even though it is impossible to know with certainty how judges will react to the President’ statement, the judiciary will probably concur with the executive branch according to local observers. Indeed, because judges are appointed by the President, a strong dissent from the judiciary seems unlikely. “Now is the right time to engage with the Attorney General and to advocate for mass commutation. The signature of the United Nations Moratorium on the Death Penalty would be a first step” said Fulgence TM.For the abolitionists, however, the long-term plan remains a complete abolition of the death penalty in Tanzania. Although this public statement constitutes a first step, President Magufuli’s actions should go beyond mere words. “The Head of State should influence changes to relieve judges and magistrates with difficulties they at the time of making rulings," declared Dr Hellen Kijo-Bisimba, LHRC Executive Director. Tanzanian abolitionists remain focus on their target. From the 1st of October to the World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10, Children Education Society (CHESO) will organize several events to advocate for a complete abolition. Thus, the 15th World Day Against the Death Penalty will offer another opportunity to put the death penalty at the center of the Tanzanian political agenda. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1827] => Array ( [objectID] => 4400 [title] => Between hope and disillusion: the Iranian death penalty reform [timestamp] => 1505260800 [date] => 13/09/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/between-hope-and-disillusion-the-iranian-death-penalty-reform/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3af72310a270be01f0d2bb91abb625e1_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => On August 13, 2017, the Iranian parliament finally approved an amendment aiming at raising the bar for a mandatory death sentence in cases involving drug related offenses. Despite this first step, abolitionists deplore the limited effect of this new legislation. [texte] => With more than 567 executions in 2016, Iran is one of the leading countries in terms of death sentences and executions. In a country where most of death sentences are issued for drug offenses, this bill has appeared as an opportunity to overturn these infamous statistics. A potential drop in the number of executionsOn December 2015, members of the Iranian Parliament brought a bill to eliminate the death penalty for 16 of the 17 drug offenses criminalized under the Iranian’s anti-narcotics law. Thrilled by this proposal that could reduce the execution rate by 80%, Amnesty urged the Iranian Parliament not to “squander the opportunity to end executions for drug related offenses.” Under the former version of the law, mandatory death penalty was mandated for drug trafficking, but not only. Indeed, possessing more than 30 grams of synthetic drugs was enough to be convicted and sent to the gallows. Even though the death penalty would have still applied to leaders of drug trafficking cartels or anyone using children in drug trafficking, the original version of the amendment sought to replace capital punishment with imprisonment for up to 30 years. According to Sarah Leah Whitson, Middle East director at Human Rights Watch, the amendment could have saved “hundreds of people from execution who never should have been on death row in the first place.” The interruption of executions since the beginning of Ramadan in Ghezelhesar and Karaj Central prisons raised great hopes among the international community. Unfortunately, the 39 executions of prisoners convicted on drug-related charges quickly destroyed all expectations. Abolitionists urged the Iranian authorities to suspend executions of drug offenders until parliament could vote the bill. “A deeply disappointing piece of legislation”Whereas Iranian authorities have recognized the absence of deterrence effect with regard to the death penalty and drug offences, the amendment has not substantially reformed the former legislation. By narrowing the scope of the bill, the Iranian lawmakers deprived the bill of its original purpose. “Instead of abolishing the death penalty for drug-related offences, the Iranian authorities are preparing to adopt a deeply disappointing piece of legislation,” said Magdalena Mughrabi, Deputy Director for the Middle East and North Africa at Amnesty International. Despite the replacement of the death penalty by a 30 years’ imprisonment sentence for drug related offenses, the parliament, under the pressure of the Iran’s judiciary and the Interior Ministry’s drug control headquarters, has finally maintained capital punishment for non-violent charges of “production, distribution, trafficking and selling drugs”. In July 2017, the parliamentary commission even restored the death penalty for “possession, purchase or concealing” of 50 kilograms of “traditional drugs”. In a joined statement with Amnesty International, Roya Boroumand, Executive Director of Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation, held that “the choice between life or death should not come down to a crude mathematical calculation based on a quantity of drugs seized from an individual.” Whereas the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is about to launch the 15th World Day against the death penalty with a focus on poverty and justice, the Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation has recalled that most of the executed come from poor and vulnerable backgrounds. For Human Rights Watch, the situation is worsened by the serious violations of due process, torture and other violations of the rights of people charged of drug offenses. Disappointed by the amendment, Amnesty International and the Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation have called on the international community to “urge Iran to amend the bill to abolish the death penalty for all drug-related offences. The Iranian authorities must move towards a criminal justice system that is focused on rehabilitation and treats prisoners humanely.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1828] => Array ( [objectID] => 4401 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2017! [timestamp] => 1505174400 [date] => 12/09/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2017/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6c85b0dc4bc46ee506da49485d0393de_2-1-500x259.png [extrait] => Check what you can do for 10 October. Browse the calendar of events and the map to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day. [texte] => Take action now! The 15th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world. > Organising an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on our Calendar of events! (Please send us: event title, date, time, location, short description and a web link to the event)> Spread the word on Facebook and Twitter: #nodeathpenalty> Call upon your goverment officials to follow the recommendations for World Day by using our model letter to governments of retentionist countries.> Click on the map to check the events near you and browse the schedule below to find out what is happening in your country: > Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organize an event, etc. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1829] => Array ( [objectID] => 4402 [title] => World Coalition welcomes the success of its 15th General Assembly [timestamp] => 1504828800 [date] => 08/09/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-welcomes-the-success-of-its-15th-general-assembly/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => More than 50 member organisations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty gathered for three days on 22-24 June 2017 in Washington DC for the General Assembly of the World Coalition. [texte] => On the 24th of June at 9.30 am, members of the World Coalition met for their ordinary General Assembly at the written invitation of the President, in conformity with the provisions of Article 7.1 of the bylaws.The General Assembly elected the following organisations to the Steering Committee for two years (2017-2019):1. Advocates for Human Rights 2. Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network 3. Barreau de Paris 4. Coalition Marocaine Contre la Peine de Mort 5. Coalition tunisienne contre la peine de mort 6. Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico 7. Communità di Sant'Egidio 8. Culture pour la Paix et la Justice 9. Death Penalty Focus 10. Death Penalty Project 11. Ensemble contre la peine de mort 12. FIACAT 13. FIDH 14. Iran Human Rights 15. Journey of Hope 16. Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights 17. Reprieve Australia 18. Réseaux d'alerte et d'intervention pour les droits de l'Homme19. SYNAFEN 20. Taiwan Aliance to End the Death Penalty The statutory meeting also saw the adoption of the 2016 accounts and balance sheet, the 2016 activity report, the provisional budget and orientation report for 2017 as well as a modification of the By-Laws.The newly elected Steering Committee then proceeded to the election of a new Executive Board, now composed of: - Kevin Rivera Medina (Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico) as President - Annemarie Pieters (Communità di Sant'Egidio) as Vice-president - Amy Bergquist (Adocates for Human Rights) as Vice-president - Abdellah Mouseddad (Moroccan Coalition) as Vice-president - Guillaume Colin (FIACAT) as Treasurer The World Coalition welcomes the success of its General Assembly. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1830] => Array ( [objectID] => 4403 [title] => ADPAN network reinforces its strength in Asia [timestamp] => 1503360000 [date] => 22/08/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/adpan-network-reinforces-its-strength-in-asia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fa4dc66f538a82e461d65fd4fbfdf79a_2-1-500x330.jpg [extrait] => The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network held its third AGM in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 20 July, followed by a national conference on the abolition of the death penalty in Malaysia and Asia-Pacific. [texte] => The meeting was the opportunity for ADPAN to hold its statutory meeting and to discuss its action plan. During the statutory meeting, ADPAN elected eight members to its executive committee to serve for two years: Adilur Rahman Khan (Bangladesh), Aeshad Mermood (Pakistan), Charles Hector (Malaysia),Julian Mac Mahon( Australia), Ngeow Chow Ying (Malaysia), Sarmad Ali (Pakistan),Sinapan Samydorai (Singapore) and Jiazhen Wu (Taiwan). Addilur Rahman Khan, Secretary of the human rights non-governmental organisation ODHIKAR, was elected in absentia due to his arbitrary arrest and further deportation by the Malaysian authorities at KLIA airport. See ADPAN’s statement.The discussions also focused on the case of foreign nationals sentenced to death around Asia and the importance of keeping up the fight against the death penalty in the Asian continent and around, despite its abolition in other countries. In Hong Kong for example, the death penalty was abolished in 1993 but many of its nationals are still sentenced to death in other Asian countries.The alarming situation in the Philippines regarding the reintroduction of the death penalty was also addressed. According to Julian Mac Mahon, President of Reprieve Australia, “the Philippines have had 10 000 extrajudicial executions since Duterte came to power. If the bill passes through the Senate, the Philippines will become the world’s top executioner”.“Half of the world’s executing countries are in Asia”Following the AGM meeting ADPAN, in partnership with ECPM, organised the international conference “Abolition of the death penalty in Malaysia and Asia-Pacific” on 21-22 July. The introductory session gave an overview of the death penalty in Asia. “Despite the multiple regimes and forms of governments in the Asian countries, the vast majority performs premeditated killings” stated Julian Mac Mahon. He then added “The greatest predictor of execution is poverty in Asia” recalling this year’s World Day theme: the death penalty and poverty.A wide range of issues was debated during the two days, including children of parents sentenced to death, foreign nationals sentenced to death, mental health and the death penalty as well as secret executions.Towards the abolition of the death penalty in MalaysiaMalaysia being the host country of the conference, the abolition of the death penalty in that country was the main theme of the conference. In its key note speech, the chairperson of the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia qualified the death penalty as “cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, against life and security” and called for the commutation of all death sentences and for the government of Malaysia to review the effectiveness of this punishment.The presentations of the various speakers, which included academics, lawyers and activists, focused on the path towards the abolition of the death penalty in Malaysia, as well as in the different obstacles such as religion and public opinion. However, Andrew Chow from the bar council explained how the government of Malaysia often relies on its own polls or media surveys, which are unreliable to justify the use of the death penalty. He then presented an academic survey conducted in Malaysia in 2013 by professor Roger Hood, Death Penalty Project and the Malaysia Bar which shows that public support for the death penalty is much more nuanced than what the authorities want the public to believe.The importance of lobbying and advocating for the abolition of the death penalty at the international level was highlighted by several speakers. The moratorium vote as well as the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, can be powerful tools so that public opinion shifts in the way of abolition.To this regard, Amy Bergquist from the Advocates for Human Rights was invited to conclude the sessions of the conference by a training workshop, divided into two complementary sections. The first one focused on the presentation of the Universal Periodic Review and the treaty bodies of the United Nations and on how to do effective and SMART recommendations as a step towards the abolition of the death penalty.The second part of the training focused on how to conduct a fact-finding mission, which took the form of a role-play, enabling the participants to train themselves to the completions of this kind of missions, which is an important part of advocacy work. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1831] => Array ( [objectID] => 4404 [title] => Project Manager – Regional and World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1502928000 [date] => 17/08/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/project-manager-regional-and-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM - Together against the Death Penalty) is recruiting a project manager for its international Congresses : World Congress against the Death Penalty (Brussels – February 2019) / Regional Congress against the Death Penalty (Sub-saharan Africa 2018) – temporary contract. [texte] => The position taking is expected to November. The deadline for applications is the 18th of September. The position is based in Paris (Montreuil), missions in the target countries of the project to be expected.Further information concerning this job offer, download the description (in French only). [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1832] => Array ( [objectID] => 4405 [title] => Human Rights Advocacy Officer [timestamp] => 1502928000 [date] => 17/08/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/human-rights-advocacy-officer/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Harm Reduction International is currently seeking to recruit Human Rights Advocacy Officer. Working as a member of the Campaigns and Advocacy Team. [texte] => Since 2007, HRI has been a leading global voice on human rights issues linked to drug control, and has been centrally involved in mainstreaming human rights and drug control issues within civil society and the UN. As a member of our Campaigns and Advocacy Team, the successful candidate will be responsible for: * Delivering a two-year programme of advocacy work and coalition building on the issue of the death penalty for drug offences * Playing a leadership role in international human rights and drug policy advocacy * Developing and operationalising HRI’s broader human rights advocacy agenda * Representing HRI internationally to strengthen our reputation for innovative and effective human rights advocacyResponsibilities includeAdvocacy and campaigning * Play a central role in the delivery of HRI’s work on the death penalty for drug offences * Identify opportunities for HRI to engage on key human rights issues linked to drug control or harm reduction at national, regional and international levels. * Draft and support the production of high quality advocacy material to be used at national, regional and international levels. * Represent HRI in key national, regional and international fora * Build and maintain relationships with key external partnersResearch * Participate in developing strategic research on human rights and drug control developments where needed, including specific project deliverables as requiredManagement * Manage interns on specific projects as required, ensuring delivery of projects to sufficient qualityFundraising and budget management * Identify opportunities for funding and work with HRI colleagues to make applications * Assist in reporting to donors, as requested by senior staffEssential Qualifications * A strong commitment to harm reduction, human rights and civil society strengthening * Minimum of 3 years experience in campaigning/advocacy with a demonstrable contribution to achieving successful advocacy outcomes * Strong diplomacy skills and the ability to bring together diverse partners and interests * Ability and willingness to undertake international travel * Ability to work independently, and to juggle multiple projects and deadlines * Postgraduate degree in a relevant field, or comparable professional experience * Excellent spoken and written English, and presentation skillsDesirable Qualifications * Understanding of the UN system, and working knowledge of UN agencies and processes related to human rights and drug policy * Proven commitment to civil society work * Experience with external communications * Proficiency in a second languageSalary: £32,000Location: The post will be based at the HRI office in London. We can only accept applications from candidates who already have the right to live and work in the UK.Application details: This is full-time contract for a period of two years, to start as soon as possible.Please send cover letter and CV to Rick Lines, Executive Director (rick.lines@hri.global) by Friday 1 September 2017, 5pm GMT.Interviews will take place during mid September with employment commencing as soon as possible thereafter.Due to the volume of replies we may not be able to respond to every candidate.For more information: https://www.hri.global/contents/1812 [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1833] => Array ( [objectID] => 4406 [title] => A mission of the International Commission against the Death Penalty to the United States [timestamp] => 1500595200 [date] => 21/07/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-mission-of-the-international-commission-against-the-death-penalty-to-the-united-states/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/427c1a5ae4085b4f311fb470b82c5839_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => A delegation of the International Commission against the Death Penalty met US Governors and Attorney Generals to discuss the situation of the death penalty in their respective states and issues related to possible steps towards ending the practice of capital punishment in the United States. [texte] => The delegation of the International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP) visited New York between 14 and 16 May 2017. The delegation consisted of former UN High Commissioner of Human Rights and ICDP Vice President Navi Pillay, former President of Switzerland and ICDP Vice President Ruth Dreifuss, former Prime Minister of Haiti and ICDP Commissioner Michèle Duvivier, and former Governor of US state of New Mexico and ICDP Commissioner Bill Richardson. The interactive dialogue discussed possible strategies, noting the complexity and uniqueness of the state of capital punishment in the US. The ICDP delegation met diplomats from countries that retain the death penalty. During the discussion, they highlighted steps taken by their Governments to reduce the scope of the death penalty including the possibility to establish an official moratorium on the death penalty, as an initial step towards abolition. The delegation had meetings with senior officials of the United Nations to discuss areas of mutual interest with regard to furthering the scope of abolition of the death penalty. Likewise, the ICDP members met with experts from leading international and domestic civil society organizations in an interactive session to identify new ideas and strategies to further the discourse of abolition, in the United States and internationally.The ICDP delegation held an interactive session with Ambassadors of Member States of the Support Group of the International Commission against the Death Penalty. ICDP President Federico Mayor declared that these actions will ensure the US join the countries who have recognized that “modern justice systems can protect the public from crime without the irrevocable and cruel nature of the death penalty and the constant risk of executing an innocent person.” “We believe that it is time for the US to abolish capital punishment and such a step will greatly add momentum towards a world free of the death penalty,” said Mr. Mayor. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1834] => Array ( [objectID] => 4407 [title] => Greater Caribbean for Life responds to the call for the resumption of the death penalty in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago [timestamp] => 1500595200 [date] => 21/07/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/greater-caribbean-for-life-responds-to-the-call-for-the-resumption-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-republic-of-trinidad-and-tobago/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/97cb65bbd279052c5996a83f9c4001cc_2-1-500x500.jpg [extrait] => Emotions are running high in Trinidad and Tobago because of “runaway crime,” and once again the country finds itself in the throes of looking for ways in which to resume hanging. The Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) urges Trinidad and Tobago's government to focus on human development and crime prevention rather than expend time and energy in seeking to resume hanging. [texte] => Although the last hanging took place on 28 July 1999, there has been, over the last few months, a renewed call for the resumption of hanging in Trinidad and Tobago. While GCL condemns the rise of violent crime in the Greater Caribbean region and expresses solidarity with victims, members reject the notion that capital punishment will act as a deterrent or foster respect for life. GCL is committed to promoting peace, respect for life, and good neighborliness as appropriate methods of reducing crime. This provides a more durable and effective solution than the taking of life.With thousands of cases clogging up the system in Trinidad and Tobago, and with a detection rate of about 15% for homicide, the push to resume hanging fails to address the root causes of crime in the country, which is, with Barbados, one of the 2 countries of the Greater Caribbean region where the mandatory death penalty remains the law.While the crime rate remains high in many of these countries, inadequacies in law enforcement and preventive measures hinder progress. There is a need to strengthen their criminal justice systems. GCL believes this can be achieved by:· improving their law enforcement agencies, their detection and conviction rates, their Forensic capabilities, and Court facilities; · dealing with inordinate delays in the system due, for example, to Court backlogs and high case load; · developing and implementing effective witness protection programmes;· dealing with incompetence and corruption, for example, in some Police Forces. Emotions on this issue should not cloud one's judgment. The UNDP 2012 report rightly states that Trinidad and Tobago needs a better balance between legitimate law enforcement and prevention, with an emphasis on prevention. It also highlights the fact that the country needs more investment, for example in youth development, job creation and reducing poverty as well as socio-economic inequality. These strategies can contribute to a safer and more just society in the region. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1835] => Array ( [objectID] => 4408 [title] => International Conference Against the Death Penalty: abolistionists are united and determined [timestamp] => 1500336000 [date] => 18/07/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/international-conference-against-the-death-penalty-abolistionists-are-united-and-determined/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fac042278ca58846319cfa0a6a1bc8e8_2-1-500x276.jpeg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty celebrated its 15th anniversary with an International Conference and its General Assembly on 22-24 June in Washington DC. [texte] => The World Coalition celebrates its 15th anniversaryIt has been 15 years since several activists and professionals have been actively struggling for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide. In 15 years the Coalition has proven itself and shown its effectiveness by the numbers of events organized for the World Day Against the Death Penalty but also by the fact that in 15 years numerous countries have abolished the death penalty, including the most recent example of Mongolia which has brought the number of abolitionist countries to 141.This progress is evidence of the outcome of the intense and effective work of the different actors that compose the Coalition. The location chosen for this Assembly, Washington, is also meaningful as the United States remain one of the biggest executioners in the world. Organizing this conference in the United States allowed to support American organizations and to raise awareness among the American public on this issue, by providing public sessions.More than a General Assembly, this meeting was a real International Conference against the death penalty not only for its program, but also for the quality of its speakers. It gathered more than a hundred of participants from all over the World (United States, United Kingdom, Malaysia, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia, Niger, Puerto-Rico, France, Italy, Cameroon, Uganda, Norway, Tanzania, Jordan, Liberia, Taiwan, Democratic Republic of Congo and Australia) giving an interesting multicultural dynamic to this meeting. “All crimes are best fought through a functioning judicial system, not through taking life.”This big abolitionist gathering began with an Opening Ceremony lead by the President of the World Coalition, Elizabeth Zitrin. Several influent personalities also took the floor, such as the Ambassador of the European Union in the United States Mr. O’Sullivan, Bishop Roy Campbell or Congressman Hank Johnson, representative of the 4th district of the state of Georgia. addressing the situation in the United States, the Ambassador of the European Union took this occasion to recall that “All crimes are best fought through a functioning judicial system, not through taking life.” Read the full speech of the Ambassador M. O’Sullivan in this article. This International Conference then continued with two plenary sessions. The first one was dedicated to the death penalty and poverty, the theme of the next World Day Against the Death Penalty, in which intervened Shreya Rastogi, Center on the Death Penalty, National Law University Delhi (India) Adaobi Egboka, LEDAP (Nigeria), Florence Bellivier, FIDH (France), and Robin Maher, University of George Washington (United States). "What does poverty have to do with the death penalty? In a word, everything" stated Robin Maher.Later on, two workshops took place: one on the UN mechanisms and the Universal Periodic Review with Amy Bergquist, the Advocates for Human Rights and Chiara Sangiorgio, Amnesty International. And one dedicates to the presentation of the training manual: Advocating for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa, animated by Angela Uwandu, Lawyers without borders (Nigeria), Fulgence Massawe, Legal and Human Rights Center(Tanzania) and Nestor Toko, Droits et Paix (Cameroun).Torture in Guantanamo and wrongful convictions: the horrors of our time.Another plenary session focused on the death penalty in the USA with the interventions of Robin Maher, Robert Dunham, executive Director of Death Penalty Information Center, and Madhuri Grewal, the Constitution Project, who highlighted the importance of local politics regarding the death penalty underlining that 5 prosecutors are responsible of 15 percent of the death sentences in the United States and recalled that only 31 states already abolished the death penalty in law or in practice.See The Report of the Oklahoma Death Penalty Review Commission of the Contsitution ProjectYou can also read the article of DPIC about the General Assembly of the World Coalition. Major Rashid Williams, military defense lawyer in Guantanamo took the floor during this session delivering a poignant testimony of his experience as a lawyer. Therefore, he stated that there are currently 2 cases implicating 6 people sentenced to death in Guantanamo, and went on to speak more precisely on his client’s case Ammar Al Balucci, claiming that was tortured during its incarceration. This situation is also denounced by Amnesty International in its campaign to close Guantanamo.And last but not least, this day ended with powerful testimonies of seven death row survivors from Witness to Innocence, such as the one of Kwame Ajamu who was wrongly incarcerated for more than 28 years. Sharing their difficult journey and the suffering they had to endure, these survivors give all the meaning to the fight for the abolition of the death penalty which must continue until the complete abolition of the death penalty worldwide.The second day of this conference held statutory meetings to elect a new Steering Committee and a new executive Board, as well as different workshops for members organizations. A workshop presented by Madalyn Wasilczuk, Sharon Pia Hickey, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide (United States), and Hsinyi Lin, Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (Taiwan), focused on the fact-finding methodology to interview the death row population. Another workshop focused on communications and advocacy, led by Margot Freeman, Communications expert and Richard Dieter, former director of DPIC.It’s important to underline the active implication of the members organizations as participants and as speakers during this conference allowing interesting discussions, which might lead to common actions and partnerships. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1836] => Array ( [objectID] => 4409 [title] => Makwanyane Institute Is Launched at Cornell Law School [timestamp] => 1500249600 [date] => 17/07/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/makwanyane-institute-is-launched-at-cornell-law-school/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b4035954823ac4233ece0ec7a847cf60_2-1.png [extrait] => Fifteen capital defense lawyers from eight African countries arrived at Cornell Law School on June 12 to begin eight days of training on how best to represent death penalty clients in the first session of the Makwanyane Institute. [texte] => The institute, named after the landmark 1995 case that abolished the death penalty in South Africa, was developed through the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, which became the first center of its kind in the United States when it was founded last year.The visiting lawyers were trained by eighteen legal experts who led workshops on issues such as mitigation investigation, wrongful convictions, and techniques in interviewing clients. They also discussed cases they are litigating and collaborated on strategies to abolish the death penalty in their countries. "This is a great project for a law school-to bring everything here and have Cornell be the host institution," said Sandra Babcock, a clinical professor of law who is the center's founder and faculty director. "Our goal is to provide African lawyers with the tools they need to save their clients' lives and bring about systemic change in the criminal justice system." Babcock created the center after spending nearly a decade working on a project in Malawi to provide legal representation for death row prisoners. In 2007, Malawi abolished the mandatory death sentence for homicides, which meant that prisoners who had received capital punishment could be retried in court. As a result of the project, the High Court of Malawi has held 150 resentencing hearings that resulted in 120 former death row prisoners being released, said Babcock, who worked with several Cornell law students on the cases. None of the remaining prisoners were resentenced to death and only one received a life sentence. During her twenty trips to Malawi, Babcock said she was struck by the barriers to effective legal representation: the lawyers had no experience with the concept of mitigating evidence, they had received little training in basic courtroom skills, they were unaware of how mental health was relevant to capital sentencing, and court opinions were inaccessible because they are not published. "The institute was born out of my observations of the situation in Malawi, and realizing that colleagues in other African countries were facing similar situations," she said.Last year, the center received a $3.25 million grant from The Atlantic Philanthropies, founded by Cornell alumnus Charles F. Feeney '56, which has helped to support the institute. Noel Brown, who practices general law in Nigeria, said he came to the institute to learn how to defend his clients more effectively and how to conduct research on legal precedents. What has complicated his work representing capital defendants is that Nigeria is one of two countries in Africa that still have the mandatory death sentence for crimes such as homicide, armed robbery, and kidnapping involving the death of the victim. "It's an art," Brown said. "You have to learn how to navigate the complexities of the legal battleground in the court. Ordinarily, the law says the accused person is innocent until proven guilty, but in practice it's often like he's guilty until proven innocent." Dziko Malunda, a prosecutor in Malawi, participated in the institute as a trainer, drawing on his experience as a former defense lawyer. Malunda also worked with Babcock on the resentencing project after Malawi abolished the compulsory death penalty. "The institute will definitely make a difference," Malunda said. "I'm hoping in the long run, it will manage to build capacity of a group of lawyers so they can go back to Africa and fight for abolition of the death penalty altogether." [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1837] => Array ( [objectID] => 4410 [title] => Toward the abolition in Cameroon [timestamp] => 1499299200 [date] => 06/07/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/toward-the-abolition-in-cameroon/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a0a85876c41d7aaa2d5b1725a301db94_2-1-500x374.jpeg [extrait] => Despite Africa’s march towards abolition, considered by many as the next abolitionist continent, Cameroon continues to withstand the abolitionist trend. Cameroon is the biggest executioner among French speaking countries in Africa, and the seventh country - on a global scale - with the largest number of death sentences: 160 in 2016, according to Amnesty International. [texte] => The country also abstained from voting on the UNGA resolution for a universal moratorium on executions, in December 2016. The increasing number of terrorist acts by Boko Haram and the resurgence of conflicts between the French speaking and the English-speaking population put human rights under extreme pressure, which affects the number of death sentences. In this context, on 13 and 14 June 2017, the Regional Conference « Towards abolition in Cameroon » took place in Yaoundé, Cameroon, organized by ECPM and Droits et Paix, in partnership with The Advocate for Human Rights (TAHR), all members of the World Coalition.This conference consisted in two days of workshop dedicated to lawyers, members of the Lawyer’s Network Against the Death Penalty, NGO’s and members of the National Human Rights Institution with the aim of strengthening the capacities of the different abolitionist actors of Cameroon.On the first day, the participants were trained on the Universal Periodic Review mechanism by Amy Bergquist (TAHR), newly elected vice-president of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and by Nicolas Perron (ECPM). The second day was dedicated to fact-finding missions on death row and international standards on detention conditions.With role-playing and other workshops, this conference provided several tools to the participants who can from now on use them in advocacy actions, report writing or even to conduct interview with death row detainees. The presence of the National Human Rights Commission also allowed meaningful discussions between the participants and permitted to raise awareness on the necessary mobilization for the abolition of the death penalty. This training for local actors was relevant and replaced the issue of the death penalty in Cameroun at the core of the debate. The debate and information which has been circulated during this conference will be useful to build the alternative report for the UPR on Cameroon currently prepared by ECPM and which will be submitted before October 2017 with the support of the World Coalition.In that vein, ECPM plans to organize advocacy activities and events in Africa throughout 2018. The 3rd Regional Congress against Death Penalty will take place in Sub-Saharan Africa in April 2018. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1838] => Array ( [objectID] => 4411 [title] => World Coalition Conference to celebrate 15th anniversary in Washington D.C. [timestamp] => 1496966400 [date] => 09/06/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-conference-to-celebrate-15th-anniversary-in-washington-d-c/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8b1dc530339b5c4e5921660649d18efd_2-1-500x281.jpg [extrait] => At the invitation of its American members, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is holding its 15th general meeting at The Catholic University of America in Washington D.C., USA on 22-24 June 2017. [texte] => 15 years after its founding General Assembly held in 2002 in Rome, Italy, the World Coalition is celebrating its anniversary in the USA. In 15 years, the World Coalition has grown to become an independant international NGO with more than 140 members organisations from all over the world. It has grown to be a key network in the fight for universal abolition of the death penalty.The conference will be an excellent opportunity to discuss the death penalty and poverty, the theme of the 15th World Day Against the Death Penalty. The two-day meeting will also be a good time to talk about the death penalty in the USA in the context of the new administration and about mobilisation in Africa. Participants will also have a chance to win new skills with workshops on communication or working with the UN. Finally, a statutory meeting, open to members only, will define the World Coalition's strategy for the future. PROGRAMMEThursday 22 June – Opening session 17.00-18.00: Welcome, speeches from hosts and dignitaries18.00-20.30: Cocktail reception and Special preview of The Penalty (90 min.)Q&A Will Francome, DirectorFriday 23 June – Plenary sessions and workshops open to the public9.00-11.00: Plenary session on poverty and the death penaltySpeakers: Shreya Rastogi, Center on the Death Penalty, National Law University Delhi, India Adaobi Egboka, LEDAP, Nigeria Florence Belliver, FIDH, FranceModerator: Kevin Rivera-Medina, WCADP , Puerto Rico 11.15-13.15: Workshops• Reporting to the UN and lobbying for the UPR Amy Bergquist, the Advocates for Human Rights, USA Stephanie David, FIDH, New York Office Chiara Sangiorgio,Amnesty International, UK Moderator: Aurélie Plaçais, WCADP, France• Presentation of the training manual: Advocating for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan AfricaAngela Uwandu, Lawyers without borders, NigeriaFulgence Massawe, LHRC, TanzaniaNestor Toko, Droits et Paix, CameroonModerator: Guillaume Colin, FIACAT, France14.30- 16.30: Plenary session on the death penalty in the USARobert Dunham, DPICMadhuri Grewal, The Constitution ProjectRobin Maher, The George Washington University Law SchoolModerator: Elizabet Zitrin, WCADP, USA16.30-18.30: The inevitability of error: experiences from death row exonereesWitness to Innocence, exonerated death row survivors• Kwame Ajamu• Shujaa Graham• Debra Milke• Lawyer Johnson• John ThompsonModerator: Madgaleno Rose-Avila, Executive director, Witness to Innocence, USAScreening of The resurrection club (25 min.)Saturday 24 June – Sessions closed to the public9.00 -15.00: Statutory meeting15.00-16.30: Workshops closed to the public• Communication and advocacy Margot Freeman, Dupont Circle Communications, USARichard Dieter, Richard Dieter Communications, USA• Fact-finding focused on the socioeconomic status of people on death row Madalyn Wasilczuk and Sharon Pia Hickey, Cornell center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, USAHsin-Yi LIN, Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, TaiwanModerator: Lucy Peace Nantume, FHRI, Uganda16.30-18.00: Steering Committee meetingLive Tweet for the International Conference Against the Death Penalty:#NoExecution2017 Tweets !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+"://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1839] => Array ( [objectID] => 4412 [title] => Algeria: it’s time to move from the moratorium to the abolition [timestamp] => 1495584000 [date] => 24/05/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/algeria-its-time-to-move-from-the-moratorium-to-the-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cacc4b4715f41e2d2d9485c431c24553_2-1-500x375.jpg [extrait] => Organized by the National Algerian Committee in partnership with the Boumerdes bar association, a seminar on the death penalty took place the 28th and 29th of April in Algeria. Gathering mainly academics, lawyers and representatives of the civil society, this seminar had the ambition to contribute to the “long process for the final abolition of the death penalty in Algeria”. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty was represented by Florence Bellivier, Deputy Secretary General of the International Federation of the Leagues of Human Rights (FIDH). [texte] => During these 2 days, several aspects of the death penalty were addressed in very relevant interventions, among which: the history of the death penalty in Algeria with the interventions of Ali Haroun, the death penalty as a controversy with the intervention of Mustapha Bouchachi and the issue of the “alternative” sentences with Florence Bellivier.The rule of law at the core of the discussionsWhat stands out of the different interventions is the desire to link the issue of the death penalty to the rule of law. The participants referred many times to the judicial independence and to the use of the death penalty against political opponents. It is in this context that M. Mustapha Bouchachi, an Algerian lawyer, insisted on the lack of independence of the judicial system and on the discriminatory character of the use of the death penalty. He recalled that between 1962 (independence of Algeria) and 1993 (institution of an official moratorium on the executions), the 33 executed persons were poor or political opponents. He then referred to the “fake democracy” adding that in Algeria 99% of the bills don’t even pass through the Parliament. This lack of independence is aggravated by the lack of resources that the State provides to the judge in order to carry out investigations: for example, it is only recently that it is possible for investigators to collect fingerprints on the crime scene.The death penalty, a political issueDescribing it as linked to the political context but also as a repressive tool, the participants addressed the death penalty trough a political perspective. It is in this lights that Ali Haroun, lawyer, former Vice-Minister for Human Rights and former member of the High State Committee, referred to the moratorium as the “Sword of Damocles” which would throne over the political opponents. This expression highlights the political choice of the regime to not abolish the death penalty in Algeria. This was also stressed by Abdennour Benanter, a professor of the University of Paris 8, who considers that the abolition of the death penalty shouldn’t be subjected to the consent of the population, as the government doesn’t ask for its opinion for other political issues.Meanwhile, Florence Bellivier, deputy Secretary General of the FIDH, reverted to the death penalty and political violence, taking the case of terrorism as an example. She recalled that terrorism and the abolition of the death penalty aren’t a good combination, since even though the death penalty is by no means dissuasive, especially in the case of terrorists who are generally not afraid of dying, States use the fight against terrorism as a pretext to revive the use of the capital punishment.A moratorium to “stop the bloodshed”While asserting that the Algerian society isn’t ready to abolish the death penalty, the President of the National Union of the Algerian Bar associations Ahmed Saï, stated that it is necessary to analyze the death penalty in an objective way. To this regard, he recommends backing away from the context of the commission of the crimes and not to focus exclusively on legal arguments. Indeed, crime and more specifically child abductions are more and more frequent in Algeria. This strengthened the arguments of the ones in favor of the death penalty. Ahmed Saï, however, welcomed the reduction of the scope of the death penalty since 1993.Miloud Brahimi, an Alger bar lawyer, explained that the moratorium of 1993 was decided in the context of an internal crisis, the black decade, with the objective of “stopping the bloodshed”. He also underlined that on June 26th, 2004, a bill for the abolition of the death penalty was summited by the Ministry of Justice but it was never presented to the Parliament. This seems surprising when we know that Algeria often votes in favor of the resolution of the General Assembly of the United Nations calling for a moratorium on the death penalty. Abdelgahni Meziani, President of the Court of Rouiba, also took the floor and affirmed that, in his opinion, the death penalty “is a matter of revenge and is closer to lynching”. This intervention was surprising as it’s not often that active sitting judge expresses himself so freely about the death penalty. The presentation of Tareq Zouhair, a lawyer from the Casablanca bar association, highlighted a strong paradox. Indeed, he recalled that therapeutic abortion and euthanasia are forbidden in Algeria on behalf of the right to life while it is this same right that is largely scorned by keeping the death penalty in the Algerian and Moroccan legislations. The conclusion which stood out of this very interesting seminar is that it’s time for Algeria, as for its Moroccan neighbor, to pass from the moratorium on the executions to the total abolition of the capital punishment. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1840] => Array ( [objectID] => 4413 [title] => A major abolitionist gathering for the 60th ordinary session of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights in Niger [timestamp] => 1495152000 [date] => 19/05/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-major-abolitionist-gathering-for-the-60th-ordinary-session-of-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights-in-niger/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/54e223a791c8a6cecc365ae901f03ca4_2-1-500x247.jpg [extrait] => The work of the 60th ordinary sessions of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR) took place in Niger between the 8th and the 22th of May. Invited by SYNAFEN, one of its members, the World Coalition took this opportunity to gather in the margins of the ACHPR session. [texte] => A synergy of national and international actors in NigerThe Steering Committee of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty met on 6th and 7th May in Niamey, Niger. This two-days meeting began with an opening ceremony covered by Nigerien medias.This event was the occasion for Almoustapha Moussa, Secretary general of SYNAFEN and host of the Steering Committee to welcome the members. The President of the World Coalition, Elizabeth Zitrin, took this opportunity to recall “the importance of the work the World Coalition has achieved thanks to its members and partners”. The opening ceremony was also attended by Franck Hasser, Counsellor for the Cooperation and Cultural Affairs of the French embassy.The National Commission of Human Rights of Niger was represented by the Secretary General, Amadou Alichina. He delivered a strong message on the abolition of the death penalty. Adressing the question of terrorism, Amadou Alichina emphasized on the “context where the issue of the death penalty plays a key role in the public debate”. He also raised the incoherence of some articles of the Nigerien penal code and expressed his concern regarding the resumption of the executions.The World Coalition had the opportunity to meet key actors of the fight against the death penalty in Niger, and among them the President of the National Commission of Human Rights of Niger, but also the Parliamentary Network for Human Rights. The synergy of this national and international actors strengthened the visibility of the Nigerien abolitionist actors as well as the World Coalition visibility in sub-Saharan Africa.The African continent’s walk toward the abolition of the death penaltyThe 9th of May, during the 60th ordinary session of the ACHPR, the Working Group on the death penalty and extrajudicial execution organized a panel on the death penalty.In its intervention, the Nigerien Ministry of Justice, Marou Amadou, declared that the abolition of the death penalty was “necessary, in conformity with modern constitutions and must be adopted” but also notified that the debate was going to be difficult in Niger. The vice president of the National Commission on Human Rights listed the obstacles that the abolitionist actors were going to faced, but affirmed the willingness for the NCHR to become a bridge between the civil society and the government to this end.The World Coalition, represented by its members FIACAT and FIDH, was invited to take the floor during this panel. The World Coalition highlighted the levers to achieve the abolition of the capital punishment in Africa and urged African Union member States to support the Protocol to the African Charter on the abolition of the death penalty.At the end of the panel, Malawi and Uganda’s delegates took the floor to share their government initiatives in favor of the abolition of the death penalty. Egypt’s delegate raised the issue of sovereignty, echoing the amendment to the UN moratorium resolution in December 2016.Mauritania called to order regarding human rightsDuring this 60th session of the ACHPR, Mauritania presented its periodic report.The Commissioner Sylvie Kayitesi, President of the Working Group on the death penalty of the ACHPR raised several concerns regarding the death penalty in Mauritania. Even though Mauritania is abolitionist de facto since 1987, sentences to death are still being carried out, especially for crimes as adultery, apostasy or homosexuality which is a violation of the international law.The World Coalition against the Death Penalty granted with observer statusIt is also during the Niamey session that the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty was granted with observer status to the ACHPR. This status offers the possibility for the NGO’s to work directly with the African Commission on Human Rights, keeping it informed of the Human rights situation in their interventions areas and countries.The observer status will also give the World Coalition the possibility to receive support from the ACHPR for the promotion of its death penalty related activities in sub-Saharan Africa, as provided for by article 26 of the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1841] => Array ( [objectID] => 4414 [title] => Commitment of youth to universal abolition [timestamp] => 1492646400 [date] => 20/04/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/commitment-of-youth-to-universal-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3a683ece60cfcdac033e0c937c9ec53e_2-1-500x298.jpg [extrait] => On Tuesday, April 18th 2017, Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) held an award ceremony at the City Hall of Paris for their “Educational Project on Human Rights and the Abolition of the Death Penalty”. [texte] => On the occasion of the World Day Against the Death Penalty in 2016, ECPM launched 2 contests involving the commitment of the youth: an international drawing contest “Draw-me the Abolition” in which12 countries took part (France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Tunisia, Lebanon, DRC, Cameroun, Tanzania, Pakistan and Taiwan), open to junior and senior high school students. The goal was to create posters representing its commitment to the abolition. This competition was launched by ECPM together with the Teaching Abolition International Network. Also, a national YouTube-video contest for young youtubers #Causonsabolition (#letspeakaboutabolition) to which students from 6 high schools from 3 different regions in France participated. For this contest, the goal was to make videos against the death penalty. The videos are available on the YouTube channel of ECPM.It’s important to underline the quality, creativity and relevance of all the abolitionist drawings and messages of the young participants. Besides from rewarding the best drawings and videos selected by an international jury composed of numerous abolitionist actors, this event was also an occasion to raise awareness on the importance of human rights and to value the commitment of the youth.Several dedicated activists participated to this ceremony. The main speakers included Alexandra Cordebard, Deputy Mayor of Paris in charge of Schools’ Affairs, François Croquette Human Rights Ambassador, Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, ECPM executive Director, and 2 witnesses which participated actively to the educational project on human rights and the abolition of the death penalty: Sabine Atlaoui (Serge Atlaoui’s wife, sentenced to death in Indonesia) and Sandrine Ageorges-Skinner (Hank Skinner’s wife, sentenced to death in Texas).François Croquette brought up some facts and figures on the death penalty underlining that “the use of the death penalty is declining, but not fast enough” and that the fight against the death penalty must go on as “nothing can be taken for granted”. All the speakers highlighted the major role of the youth in the mobilization against the death penalty, especially Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan who pointed out that the authenticity and spontaneity of the youth provides more weight to the fight against the death penalty. In addition, as addressing the project,Sabine Atloui’s pointed out: “The commitment is done through education”.The participants received different rewards and the 50 wining drawings presented in a catalogue will be exhibited at public awareness-raising events in all countries participating in this project and at the 7th World Congress Against the Death Penalty which will be held in Brussels in 2019. Photo credit: @Christophe Meireis [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1842] => Array ( [objectID] => 4415 [title] => Death Sentences and Executions in 2016 [timestamp] => 1491868800 [date] => 11/04/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2016/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e704759a2de576fe9f6c438bf5373589_2-1-500x423.jpg [extrait] => Amnesty International published its 2016 global review of the death penalty on Tuesday, April 11th 2017.Excluding China, states around the world executed 1,032 people in 2016. China executed more than all other countries in the world put together, while the USA reached a historic low in its use of the death penalty in 2016. [texte] => Download Amnesty International's global report in pdfChina transparency claims “misleading”Amnesty International’s investigation exposes that hundreds of documented death penalty cases are missing from a national online court database that was initially touted as a “crucial step towards openness” and is regularly heralded as evidence that the country’s judicial system has nothing to hide.China’s database contains only a tiny fraction of the thousands of death sentences that Amnesty International estimates are handed out every year in China, reflecting the fact that the Chinese government continues to maintain almost total secrecy over the number of people sentenced to death and executed in the country.China classifies most information related to the death penalty as “state secrets” and in any case virtually any information can be classified as a state secret under China’s overbroad secrecy laws.Amnesty International found public news reports of at least 931 individuals executed between 2014 and 2016 (only a fraction of the total executions), but only 85 of them are in the state database.The database also omits foreign nationals given death sentences for drug-related crimes -despite media reports of at least 11 executions of foreign nationals. Numerous cases related to “terrorism” and drug-related offences are also absent.Shocking extent of Viet Nam executions uncoveredIn Malaysia and Viet Nam, new disclosures reveal that the scale of the executions in those countries was even higher than thought.Information from Viet Nam, published in Vietnamese media for the first time in February 2017, shows that the country has secretly been the world’s third biggest executioner over the last three years, executing 429 people between 6 August 2013 and 30 June 2016. Only China and Iran executed more people during that period. The report from Viet Nam’s Ministry of Public Security does not contain a breakdown of figures for 2016.Similar secrecy reigns in Malaysia, where parliamentary pressure in 2016 led to revelations that more than a thousand people are on death row, with nine people executed in 2016 alone- much more than previously thought.Meanwhile, the idea that crimes warrant the death penalty continue to take root elsewhere in the region, with the Philippines seeking to reinstate the death penalty (last abolished in 2006) and Maldives threatening to resume executions after more than 60 years.USA drops off top five for first time since 2006For the first time since 2006, and only the second time since 1991, the USA is not among the world's five biggest executioners.The number of executions (20) in 2016 reached the lowest level recorded in any year since 1991, half what it was in 1996, and almost five times lower than in 1999. The number of executions has fallen every year since 2009, except 2012 when it stayed the same).The number of death sentences (32) was the lowest since 1973, a clear sign that judges, prosecutors and juries are turning their back on the death penalty as a means of administering justice. However, 2,832 people are still on death row in the USA.While the debate is clearly shifting, the fall in executions was due partly to litigation on lethal injection protocols and challenges in sourcing chemicals in several states. However, the possible resolution of some lethal injection challenges could see the level of executions start to take off again in 2017, starting with Arkansas this April.Only five US states executed people in 2016: Alabama (2), Florida (1), Georgia (9), Missouri (1), Texas (7), with Texas and Georgia, accounting for 80% of the country’s executions in 2016. Meanwhile, 12 states, including Arkansas, yet to abolish the death penalty have not executed anyone for at least 10 years.Key trends in 2016• 1,032 executions worldwide in 2016, down 37% from 2015 (1,634) • Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Pakistan join China as world’s top five executioners• USA not among top five for first time since 2006, with lowest number of executions since 1991• The fall in executions worldwide is largely driven by drops in Iran (down 42% from at least 977 to at least 567) and Pakistan (73%, from 326 to 87).• In sub-Saharan Africa fewer executions were recorded but the number of death sentences more than doubled, largely due to a steep rise in Nigeria.• In the Middle East and North Africa, the number of executions decreased by 28%, but Iran and Saudi Arabia remained among the top executioners• Two countries abolished the death penalty for all crimes (Benin and Nauru); Guinea abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes only. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1843] => Array ( [objectID] => 4416 [title] => Iran: 2016 a deadly year despite a slight decrease in the executions [timestamp] => 1491436800 [date] => 06/04/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iran-2016-a-deadly-year-despite-a-slight-decrease-in-the-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ed6ea0ff1cb4b28f24eb2f9686246e7c_2-1-500x281.png [extrait] => The 9th annual report by Iran Human Rights (IHR)and ECPM (Ensemble contre la peine de mort) on the death penalty in Iran shows that in 2016 at least 530 people were executed in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Although this number is significantly lower than the annual execution numbers from the past five years, Iran remained the country with the highest number of executions per capita. [texte] => DOWNLOAD THE FULL REPORT IN PDFDespite the decrease in the executions, the situation remains alarmingCommenting on the relative decrease in the 2016 execution figures, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, IHR’s Director and spokesperson, said: “We welcome any reduction in the use of the death penalty. But, unfortunately, there are no indications that the relative decrease in the number of the executions in 2016 was due to a change in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s policy. Our reports show that the Iranian authorities have executed at least 170 people in the first three months of 2017 alone.”In violation of its international obligations, Iran continued to execute juvenile offenders in 2016. According to the report, at least five juvenile offenders were executed in 2016 in Iran. Two of the juvenile offenders were reportedly sentenced to death for drug offences. Iranian authorities also carried out public executions and other barbaric punishments such as amputations, and blinding of eyes. According to IHR’s reports, 33 people were hanged in public spaces, in front of hundreds of citizens including children.The legacy of Hassan Rouhani’s presidency: Openness towards the West and more death penalty in IranThis 2016 annual report is being published only a few months before the end of Hassan Rouhani’s first presidential period. A review of Mr. Rouhani’s 3.5 years as President shows that, despite good diplomatic relations and dialogue with the EU, the number of executions under his presidency was significantly higher than the annual executions under the previous two periods under Ahmadinejad.After the election of Hassan Rouhani in 2013, the issue of the death penalty has not been on the agenda of the bilateral dialogue between EU and Iran. This might be the reason why no specific reforms or changes in the policy with regards to the death penalty were applied during Rouhani’s period. The EU has admitted that human rights and the issue of the death penalty were not on the agenda prior to 2016, and, for the first time in April 2016, the EU signaled that after the nuclear agreement and the lifting of sanctions, “frank exchanges on human rights issues” will be part of the renewed EU-Iran dialogue. Iran’s Revolutionary Courts: Responsible for the majority of the executions and crackdown on the civil society.The report focuses particularly on the role of the Revolutionary Courts as a major source of arbitrariness and violations of due process in the Iranian judicial system. The Revolutionary Courts are responsible for the vast majority of the death sentences issued and carried out over the last 37 years in Iran. According to IHR’s 2016 report, at least 64% of all executions in 2016 and more than 3,200 executions since 2010 have been based on death sentences issued by the Revolution Courts. The Revolution Courts are less transparent than the Public Courts and Revolutionary Court judges are known for abusing their legal powers: Trials lasting less than 15 minutes, lack of access to a chosen lawyer, and sentences based on confessions extracted under torture are the hallmarks of the Revolutionary Courts.Revolutionary Courts also play a key role in the crackdown against human rights defenders and the abolitionist movement. In 2016 the Revolutionary Courts sentenced the human rights defenders Narges Mohammadi and Atena Daemi to 10 years and seven years in prison respectively for their activities against the death penalty.On the issue of the lack of due process, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam said: “A sustainable reduction in use of the death penalty is impossible as long as there is no due process. Revolutionary Courts which sentence hundreds of people to death every year are among the key institutions responsible for Iran’s violations of due process and must be shut down.”The launch of the report as an opportunity to raise awareness on Iran’s worrying situationTo launch the 2016 Annual report on the death penalty in Iran, Iran Human Rights (IHR) and ECPM call on Iran’s European dialogue partners to push for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty in Iran and for major reforms in the country’s judicial system which does not meet minimum international standards. The two organizations also call for the immediate release of Narges Mohammadi and Atena Daemi.ECPM’s Executive Director, Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, said: “We call on every democratic State and all Iran’s European partners to make serious efforts to reduce the death penalty in Iran, and to include human rights, especially the situation of the death penalty in Iran, in their bilateral and multilateral dialogues. A good outcome can only be achieved through constant and permanent pressure in the dialogue with Iran.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1844] => Array ( [objectID] => 4417 [title] => Death penalty and the “war on drugs” discussed during the 60th U.N. Commission on Narcotic Drugs annual meeting. [timestamp] => 1490918400 [date] => 31/03/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-and-the-war-on-drugs-discussed-during-the-60th-u-n-commission-on-narcotic-drugs-annual-meeting/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ea49ba65e560da6ce2aaf7bf1e9d5d1a_2-1-500x261.jpg [extrait] => In March 2017, the 60th Commission on Narcotic Drugs annual meeting in Vienna took place. During this meeting, governments have been encouraged to “promote proportionate national sentencing policies for drug-related offences". The death penalty was addressed during several side events. [texte] => From March 13th to 17th 2017, the 60th Commission on Narcotic Drugs annual meeting in Vienna took place. State representatives, international and civil organizations addressed the issue of anti-drugs policies. During this meeting, governments have been encouraged to “promote proportionate national sentencing policies for drug-related offences and consider, where appropriate and applicable, in accordance with national legal systems, alternatives to conviction or punishment, such as measures for treatment, education, aftercare, rehabilitation and social reintegration”. *The death penalty was addressed during several side events. The International Drug Policy Consortium raised this issue in a side event organized in partnership with Nobox Transitions Foundation a Philippine’s NGO, SCDI Vietnam and Rumah Cemara Indonesia, on the South-East Asia situation. Ann Fordham, representative of the IDPC expressed her concern regarding the reintroduction of the death penalty in Philippines. On that subject, Leni Robredo, Vice-president of the Philippines gave her opinion in the opening video of the DRCNet Foundation’s event. In this video, Robredo condemns the repressive “war against drugs” led by Duterte and denounces human rights violations in the Philippines. Vice-president Robredo also took this opportunity to reveal the “palit-ulo” scheme following which “relatives of a person in a drug list will be taken if the person himself could not be found”. Following this she urged the Duterte administration to focus on a more rehabilitative drug policy instead of using the death penalty. Finally, in another one of the numerous side events of this annual meeting, the “Global Commission on Drug Policy” presented to the CND community their most recent report called ‘Advancing Drug Policy Reform: a new approach to decriminalization’. This report focuses on drug policy reform and provides recommendations to countries in areas such as decriminalization, alternatives to incarceration or to the death penalty for low-level people involved in the production, transport or selling of drugs. After a precise analysis of the human rights abuses committed under drug control regimes, the GCDP urges States to abolish the death penalty for all drug-related offenses.*Recommendations of the subsidiary bodies of the Commission [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1845] => Array ( [objectID] => 4418 [title] => Civil society steps up against the end of a 60-year moratorium in the Maldives. [timestamp] => 1490054400 [date] => 21/03/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/civil-society-steps-up-against-the-end-of-a-60-year-moratorium-in-the-maldives/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/bbe6baaf97972969d82cc4114b443590_2-1-500x333.png [extrait] => Since the November 2013 elections, the Maldives have been moving towards the adoption of severe legal measures. On April, 27th 2014, the government decided to put an end to a 60-year moratorium.The civil society of Maldives is mobilizing against this worrying situation. [texte] => Abdulla Yameen Abdoul Gayoom came to power after winning the November 2013 elections, which are suspected to have been mocked. The Maldives have been moving towards the adoption of severe legal measures derived from Islamic Sharia since then. On April, 27th 2014, the government decided to put an end to a 60-year moratorium. Following this decision, Maldives have had disturbing developments regarding capital punishment. On November, 30th 2015, the High Court stated that the President could no longer commute death sentences anymore. Henceforth, only victims’ families can grant clemency to those sentenced to death.An increasing number of death sentences. According to the Maldives’ prison service, there are currently 17 prisoners on death row in Maldives, some cases raise serious concerns with regards to due process. At least 5 of them were declared guilty and convicted for acts committed while they were under 18. 4 of them are risking an imminent execution as the government of Abdulla Yameen promised to hang the prisoners sentenced to death within 30 days following the Supreme Court decisions. Among the most recent death sentences, Humaam’s case can be underlined. He is accused of the murder of the deputy Afrasheem Ali in 2012. His death sentence was confirmed by the Supreme Court on June 24, 2016. Humaam was under the age of 18 at the time of the crime. However, it’s important to note that Maldives ratified two international treaties: the Convention of the Rights of the Child and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit the use of death penalty on juvenile offenders. A necessary mobilization to deal with this worrying situationThe local NGO Maldivian Democracy Network (MDN) published a report on what they consider as a "wrongful conviction". This report was distributed among the participants of the 6th World Congress Against Death Penalty in Oslo. Furthermore, from June to August 2016, civil society groups ran a campaign called "Not in my name" to highlight public dissent against death penalty. Also, British NGO Reprieve organised Islamic scholar Tariq Ramadan to write an open letter to the Government citing flaws in the death penalty regulation and calling on restoration of the moratorium In this context, in October 2016 Humaam’s family submitted a petition to the UN Human Rights Council, following which the UNHRC issued a stay order on Humaam’s execution. The UN’s Independent Experts called on the government to halt all executions. Despite all of this, the situation grows worse. Recently, The Supreme Court sentenced 3 more people to death: Ahmed Murrath, Fathimath Hana and Mohamed Nabeel. In addition, according to Amnesty International, the President asserted that executions were necessary to maintain peace and security.What possible outcomes?In an article published by French magazine 'Le Nouvel Observateur' in 2014, the historian Giuseppe di Bella calls for a boycott: "the main resource of the Maldives’ Islands is tourism. Undoubtedly the authorities would revise their position if they noticed a significant reduction of the tourist affluence. Everyone acts according to their own conscience… For me, as things stand at the present, Maldives is a tourist destination that should be avoided".Mushfiq Mohamed, legal consultant and member of the NGO MDN affirmed that in July, MDN submitted a case to the High Court, requesting a stay order on executions and to repeal sections of the 2014 death penalty regulation as it unlawfully restricts the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution, with reference to Article 16, which requires Parliament approval when restricting fundamental liberties. He added that the High Court issued a stay order on executions following this petition. This stay order was sqashed by the Supreme Court in july 2016. Nevertheless, UNHRC's stay order on Humaam's execution still stands.MDN plans to file a case at the national Human Rights Commission regarding the second death row prisoner whose sentence has been confirmed by the Supreme Court.Currently, MDN analyses trial reports of death row prisoners to highlight inconsistencies in domestic and international law. The civil society of Maldives continues to work with death row prisoners’ families to raise awareness against the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Maldives ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Juveniles [2] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1846] => Array ( [objectID] => 4419 [title] => The 6th International Conference on Human Rights issues a warning on the alarming situation in Bahrain [timestamp] => 1489104000 [date] => 10/03/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-6th-international-conference-on-human-rights-issues-a-warning-on-the-alarming-situation-in-bahrain/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/62411d7bd426fc8649593a0c5485e067_2-1-500x280.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition was invited to take part in the 6th international Conference on Human Rights, on February 22nd, 2017 in Beirut. addressing the very worrying situation in Bahrain, the event resulted in a series of calls and recommendations. [texte] => The World Coalition was invited to participate in the 6th International Conference on Human Rights, organized on February 22nd, 2017 in Beirut by the Bahrein Forum for Human Rights. Entitled “International community and challenges of the reforms regarding human rights in Bahrain”, this event gathered representatives of numerous human rights organizations. It focused on the actual and serious human rights violations in Bahrain on one hand, and on international mechanisms to strengthen this rights on the other hand. The conference ended with a series of recommendations. Human rights in Bahrain: a bleak observationRegarding representatives’ interventions from different national and international organizations, the conference highlighted the deterioration of the human rights situation in Bahrain. More specifically, measures regarding freedom of speech, peaceful meetings, freedom of religion and faith, have been blamed. The conference also pointed out unfair trials for activists and human rights defenders, as well as the seizure of their civil and political rights. Freedom of meeting and associationThe right to peaceful assembly is forbidden in Bahrain since 2014. Moreover, the Bahraini authorities have imposed arbitrary restrictions to the creation of non-governmental organizations. Detention of political leaders and possible dissolution of political parties or political associations are also matters of great concern. Anti-terrorist legislation and loss of nationalityIn the contexte of the anti-terrorist legislation, judicial decisions have deprived citizens of Bahrain of their nationality. Some of these de facto stateless persones were forcibly expelled.Death penaltyAbdellah Mouseddad, member of the Steering Committee of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, addressed the last developments regarding the capital punishment in Bahrain. Underlining that only 2 countries from North Africa and the Middle East, voted in favor of the UN moratorium resolution on the death penalty of 2016, M. Mouseddad highlighted the opposition of this region to the world abolitionist trend. A regional attitude already recognizable with the increase of executions in 2015. In their alternative report on the State of Bahrain, the World Coalition and its partner organizations noted a significant increase in the imposition of death sentences since the last *Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in 2012. In addition, as recently as January 2017 three man were executed for the first time since 2010. Indeed, numerous crimes other than voluntary manslaughter can be punished by death according to the Penal code and the Law of Protecting Society from Terrorist Acts. Besides, this confirms the use of the death penalty as a political tool against the opponents to the Government and the defenders of freedom as evidenced by the execution of 3 human rights activists. A strong final statement, which remains shy with regards to the death penaltyBased on this worrying observations, the World Coalition presented the recommendations stated on the report calling for the establishment of an official moratorium and for the abolition of the death penalty. The authors of the report urged the authorities of Bahrain to amend the Penal Code in order to restrict the use of capital punishment only to the most serious crimes, specifying that such limitation can only be effective if accompanied by strong guidelines issued to the judges. The report condemns the use of torture to extract confessions. At the international level, the State of Bahrain was called upon to invite Special Rapporteurs on its territory, especially the Special Rapporteur on extra-judicial executions and his counterpart the Special Rapporteur on Torture. At the end of the Conference, the final statement called for strong and ambitious measures as well as for the alignment of the Bahraini legislation with international law to guarantee freedom of meeting and expression, the suppression of the King’s interference in judicial matters and the end of the use of military courts regarding crimes of conscience. Significantly, the final statement urged Bahrein to ratify the Rome Statute of The International Criminal Court.Nevertheless, we can regret that the organizers only mentioned the abolition of the death penalty for prisoners of conscience which reflects only partially the recommendations of the UPR report of 2012. This illustrates the difficulties faced by the abolitionist’s position in the region, even within the human rights defenders.*The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a unique mechanism of the Human Rights Council (HRC) improving the human rights situation on the ground of each of the 193 United Nations Member States. Under this mechanism, the human rights situation of all UN Member States is reviewed every 5 years. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Moratorium [3] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1847] => Array ( [objectID] => 4420 [title] => Discussion at the Human Rights Council of human rights violations related to the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1488844800 [date] => 07/03/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/discussion-at-the-human-rights-council-of-human-rights-violations-related-to-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b4beb3a3697847a191986107617a4700_2-1-500x281.jpg [extrait] => From Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, to abolitionist and retentionist government representatives and World Coalition members, participants to the Biennial high-level discussion on death penalty exchanged views in order to address human rights violations related to the use of the death penalty, in particular with respect to the prohibition of torture. [texte] => “Capital punishment raises serious issues in relation to the dignity and rights of all human beings, including not only the right to life, but also to the right not to be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.” This was the introductory message of the UN Human Rights Commissioner Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein in his opening speech addressed during the high-level event on the death penalty at the 34th session of the Human Rights Council. The abolition of death penalty is a matter of principle, not a matter of cultureThe panellists shared their experience regarding the steps taken in their respective country to abolish the death penalty and the difficulties encountered. Harlem Desir, France’s State Secretary reaffirmed his country’s commitment to the universal abolition of the death penalty, not without first stating that “the death penalty is a matter of principle, not a matter of culture”. Tunisia’s former President Moncef Marzouki spoke about the hope he had when he came to power in 2011, for “Tunisia to become the first Arab country to abolish the death penalty”. He commuted the death sentences of the 200 people who were on death row. But “sadly”, he said, “it was impossible for [him] to establish this important step to become a member of the abolitionist club”. Among the obstacles to the abolition in Tunisia, he mentioned the difficult context after the Arab Spring, but also public opinion and culture. Panellists from Africa and Asia take a stance against the death penaltyKagwiria Mbogori, chairperson of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights expressed her concern regarding the lengthy waits of the prisoners on death row and declared that Kenya has taken measures regarding the death penalty. Recently, President Kenyatta commuted the death sentences of 2747 prisoners to “decrowd” death rows. However, despite the de facto moratorium since 1987 and the commutation of the death sentences, “Courts continue to sentence people to death because there are no alternatives to punish certain crimes” said Ms. Mbogori.Seree Nonthasoot, Thailand’s Representative to the Asean Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights highlighted “the increasingly worrying trend to reintroduce the death penalty by jurisdictions which have abolished it” and emphasized on the obligation held by States to recognize the commitment both in terms of human rights principles and legal obligations once they have signed a convention such as the Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, clearly echoing the situation in the Philippines. Retentionist countries defend national sovereigntyRetentionist country representatives also took the floor. While Botswana’s representative insisted on the fact that the death penalty is a criminal justice issue and on the sovereign right of individual States to apply criminal justice, the representative of Singapore read a statement signed by 27 other countries insisting on the deterrence argument and on “the lack of international consensus for or against the death penalty when imposed according to the due process of the law. “The voices of the civil societyThe World Coalition, represented by its member FIACAT, read a joint declaration stating “that the imposition of the death penalty in itself, and regardless of the circumstances surrounding it and the conditions of its application, contravenes the prohibition of torture and cruel and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment”.As for Amnesty International, “the use of torture is widespread despite the clear prohibition of this practices under international law”. Finally, the Quakers highlighted that in certain situations, the impact on the child of a parent sentenced to death can be considered as a cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or torture.From moratorium to abolition: ECPM’s Side-eventDuring the Human Rights Council, ECPM organised a side-event to launch the proceedings and the film of the 6th World Congress against the Death Penalty. The side event was also the occasion to announce the next regional and world congresses. Lievin Ngondji director of CPJ evoked the present time as being “the time for Africa to become the next abolitionist continent and serve as an example for many other parts of the world”. ECPM has thus decided to organize the next Regional Congress against the Death Penalty in Africa in 2018 in preparation for the 7th World Congress against the Death Penalty to be held in Brussels in February 2019. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1848] => Array ( [objectID] => 4421 [title] => Philippines: one step forward in the reintroduction of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1488499200 [date] => 03/03/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/philippines-one-step-forward-in-the-reintroduction-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/327983ec428b1499565a8315047d8bdc_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => The Philippines are a step closer to the reintroduction of the death penalty, violating their international obligations. [texte] => Wednesday, March 1st , the House of representatives passed the House Bill 4727 on the death penalty, on second reading, in a viva voce vote. The initial bill was amended and the list of offences for which the death penalty can be imposed has been modified. The voted text provides capital punishment for drugs offences: Importation, traffic, manufacturing, sale and distribution.Before becoming a law, the Senate must pass its own version of the bill on a third and last reading. «We lost. The next battleground is the Senate», said Harry Roque, a lawmaker who voted against the measure. * However, just a few days before the House of representatives’ vote, the authorities were reported to have ordered the arrest of Senator Leila de Lima, a major political opponent of the President Rodrigo Duterte. It seems that Rodrigo Duterte controls the Senate, which could have serious consequences on what comes next. Once the Senate passes the bill, and if it obtains the signature of the President, this text will become a law.It‘s important to recall that the death penalty was abolished in this country in 2006. Philippines had officially abolished capital punishment in 1987 but Fidel Ramos restored it in 1993. Nevertheless, with this last twist, the reintroduction of the death penalty in the Philippines has never been so close.Phelim Kine, Deputy director for Asia of Human Rights Watch declared that «This advance of the Philippine Congress to restore the death penalty constitutes a new setback for human rights already threatened by the abusive "war on drugs" of Duterte». Furthermore, Edcel Lagman, member of the House of representatives and an opponent of the bill, considers that this vote transgressed numerous House’s rules (mainly with regards to amendment procedures as 25 opponent members asked to take the floor but only 7 had the occasion to express themselves), as well as international obligations as Philippines signed the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in September, 2006 and ratified it in 2007.By voting for this bill, the House of representatives did not respect the Philippines’ international commitments as recommended by Amnesty International in its last statement in February 19th 2017. * Felipe Villamor, "Philippines moves closer to reinstating death penalty", the New York Times, 1 March 2017 [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1849] => Array ( [objectID] => 4422 [title] => Philippines: House of Representatives must uphold international law obligations ahead of first death penalty vote [timestamp] => 1487462400 [date] => 19/02/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/philippines-house-of-representatives-must-uphold-international-law-obligations-ahead-of-first-death-penalty-vote/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/93eec14a2974404b688b9e2506ef54a7_2-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Nine international organisations are calling upon the Philippines to uphold its international obligations and not to restore death penalty in the country. [texte] => Ahead of the first vote on the proposed legislative amendments to reintroduce the death penalty in the Philippines, the undersigned organizations are calling on the country’s lawmakers to uphold its international law obligations and vote against the measure. The move would set the Philippines against its positive achievements in this area and the global trend towards abolition of death penalty. On 20 February the House of Representatives of the Philippines is expected to vote on a Bill to reintroduce the death penalty for a wide range of offences. The move would violate the country’s intended obligations under international law. In 2007 the Philippines ratified the Second Optional Protocol of the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights that categorically prohibits executions and commits the country to the abolition of this punishment. These obligations cannot be withdrawn at any time. We remain concerned at the “U turn” that the present administration is proposing for the country on the issue of the death penalty. Since its abolition of the death penalty − for the second time − in 2006, the Philippines has been a strong advocate of the abolition of the death penalty and has championed several initiatives to this aim in international forums. It has also worked to commute the death sentences imposed on Filipino nationals abroad, such as overseas workers. The legal assistance and political pressure that the authorities of the Philippines have provided to those facing this punishment in other countries has undoubtedly contributed to the protection of their rights, including the right to a fair trial, and could become ineffective if moves were made to re-introduce this penalty back home. As of today, 141 countries have abolished the death penalty in law or practice; several governments are taking steps to repeal this punishment from national law. The reasons countries abolish the death penalty are many and include the fact that there is no evidence that killing by the state deters crime, and much evidence to the contrary; that the death penalty invariably discriminates against the poor and disadvantaged, and that society and the state are seriously harmed and brutalised by descending to the act of killing prisoners. A move to reintroduce this punishment would set the Philippines starkly against the global trend towards abolition. We oppose the death penalty in all cases and under any circumstances as a violation of the right to life, recognized by the Universal Declaration on Human Rights; and as the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. We renew our call on the members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines to ensure its international commitments are respected and the Bill to reintroduce the death penalty is rejected. This statement is signed by: ACAT-Philippines ADPAN-Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network Amnesty International Death Penalty Focus ECPM-Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort FIACAT-Federation of Actions of Christians for the Abolition of Torture FIDH-International Federation for Human Rights MADPET-Malaysians Against Death Penalty and Torture Reprieve-Australia [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1850] => Array ( [objectID] => 4423 [title] => Sri Lanka: the death sentences of 60 prisoners commuted [timestamp] => 1487289600 [date] => 17/02/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sri-lanka-the-death-sentences-of-60-prisoners-commuted/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/eca8314b974631b294e0de571eb1efe9_2-1-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Good news from Sri Lanka: by decision of the President, the death sentences of 60 prisoners have been commuted. [texte] => On 4 February 2017, commemoration day of the 69th anniversary of the State, Sri Lankan President Maithripala Sirisena commuted the capital sentences of the prisoners on death row to life imprisonment. This measure applies for all prisoners on death row in Sri Lanka, namely 60 persons.According to the press bodies having relayed the decision, President Sirisena followed the recommendations of a committee nominated by Minister for Justice and headed by the former Supreme Court Judge Nimal Dissanayake. This measure comes after the Sri Lankan Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister for Justice took part in the 6th World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Oslo, last June where a plenary session was dedicated to the progress and setbacks in Asia. The Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mangala Samaraweera, recalled on that occasion that the death penalty had already been abolished in the past in Sri Lanka and that “the vast majority of [his] colleagues in Parliament [found] the death penalty morally repugnant and [were] aware of its inefficaciousness” to deter crime. He also announced that the government was willing to “continue the four decades long de facto moratorium.”Indeed, Sri Lanka has not carried out any execution since 1976. Nevertheless, the State still retains the death penalty in its legislation.The World Coalition against the Death Penalty congratulates Sri Lanka for this decision and for its vote in favour of the UN General Assembly resolution on a universal moratorium on the death penalty, in December 2016. The country had abstained for the two previous UN resolutions, in 2012 and 2014. The World Coalition now encourages Sri Lanka to abolish the death penalty in law. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sri Lanka ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1851] => Array ( [objectID] => 4424 [title] => Day of the Endangered Lawyer: spotlight on China [timestamp] => 1487030400 [date] => 14/02/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/day-of-the-endangered-lawyer-spotlight-on-china/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5812211a225b5840ffeb4e8d36efe012_2-1-500x253.jpg [extrait] => 24 January 2017 was the Day of the Endangered Lawyer. This international initiative was dedicated to the harassment undergone by Chinese lawyers. [texte] => 24 January 2017 was the Day of the Endangered Lawyer. Hold every year by several lawyers’ organisations, this international initiative is the occasion to raise awareness among the civil society on the situations of jeopardised lawyers in a given country. 2017’s edition was dedicated to China because of the persecutions undergone by lawyers committed to the defence of the rights of their fellow citizens. In Paris, a colloquium took place at the "Maison du Barreau" (Bar Association offices). The human rights lawyers’ movement in ChinaFor several years, and particularly since 2015, lawyers have been undergoing a crackdown aiming at detering them from taking charge of so-called “politically sensitive” cases. Despite the risks, around 500 of them are still working on the defence of the fundamental rights of their fellow citizens.2003-2013: the emergence of a human rights lawyers’ movementIn 2003, Chinese lawyers decided to get organised and to publicly oppose the State whenever the rights of the citizens would be violated. That same year, 27-year-old Sun Zhigang had been wrongfully imprisoned in a migrant detention centre and died there, beaten up by the prison guards, as revealed by an inquiry led by a local newspaper. The case struck the public opinion, and a lawyers’ group offered free legal services to Sun’s family. A movement was born. Strengthened by diverse events, such as peaceful gatherings calling for an enhanced respect of human rights (2011), the movement resulted in the creation of a real network gathering human rights lawyers in 2013.This movement extensively uses the internet, especially social networks (Weibo) in order to raise larger public awareness and to call upon the authorities to implement legislative reforms. Nonetheless, Chinese authorities also use the social networks to bring discredit upon certain lawyers. Videos showing lawyers incriminating themselves were thus released. Obstacles and harassment: the 709 crackdownCheung Yiu-Leung (China Human Rights Lawyers Concern Group, Hong Kong) reminds us of the submission of the bar associations to the State power. For instance, lawyers working on cases labelled as “politically sensitive” might be denied the renewal of their licence, which is however a requirement to practice their profession. Eva Pils, Professor at London Kings’ College, describes the brutality of the so-called "709 crackdown": more than 200 lawyers, legal experts, and human rights defenders have been arrested since July 2015. The first to be arrested was Wang Yu, kidnapped on 9 July 2015 and still behind bars, accused of “subversion of State power”. 19 are still detained, including 4 under house arrest in secret locations. Zhou Shifeng, founding member of the Fengrui practice, is among the victims of “enforced disappearance”.Several of those prisoners are deprived from any access to their lawyer. Pressure exercised on the families, travel bans, etc.: the authorities have established a real climate of terror.Chinese lawyers and the death penalty politicsThe submission of the judiciary to the political objectives of the party is at its height when looking at the death penalty policies. Eva Pils quotes Teng Biao, lawyer and director of “China against death penalty”: “totalitarian and post-totalitarian regimes need the death penalty as much as they need enemies”. If the number of executions in China remains a State secret, it is certain that the country alone carries out more executions than all other countries combined.Unfair legal proceedingAlthough all human rights lawyers who have defended people facing the death penalty are not in favour of the abolition, they all agree that its current implementation in China violates human rights. Many confessions are obtained under torture, and this practise questions – to say the least – the veracity of the evidence gathered. As a result, miscarriages of justice are frequent.Pointing out the inequities of the proceedings is not without risk. And it is in the context of a widely publicised judicial error that the lawyers Li Heping and Li Chunfun have been arrested while taking part in a demonstration. They were claiming the right to meet their clients, who had been accused of murder, rape, and theft. Sentenced to death in January 2003, the four defendants of the “Leping case” have been finally acquitted in 2016. Nonetheless, some of their lawyers are still behind bars. Recently freed, Li Chunfu is suffering under heavy mental disorders. In January, it appeared that Li Heping had been tortured. Can we rely on the discourse of progressive change ?If some government members, academics and NGOs are still optimistic in light of the announces – by Beijing – of a modernisation of the legal proceedings, Marie Holzman (president of Solidarité Chine) and Eva Pils remain sceptical. Both insist on the fact that the official discourse on the “decreased number” of convicts remains unverifiable, given the absence of data. More broadly, and despite encouraging initiatives from the civil society, the speakers note the radically anti-democratic orientation of the party. The latter makes even more necessary events such as the Day of the endangered lawyers, as Richard Sédillot recalled it: “Persecuted lawyers hold on because they know they are supported. Without the media coverage, some of them would have died”. For further information: > Xie Yang, tortured over and over during his 228 days in jail > Wang Quanzhang and Li Heping, who have been tortured with electricity, have no access to their lawyer [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1852] => Array ( [objectID] => 4425 [title] => Despite recent setbacks, the trend towards the universal abolition towards the death penalty remains [timestamp] => 1486512000 [date] => 08/02/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/despite-recent-setbacks-the-trend-towards-the-universal-abolition-towards-the-death-penalty-remains/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/11d15faca92a8b6bf4d4d08860d96131_2-1-500x138.png [extrait] => The UK-All Party Parliamentary Group on the Abolition of the Death Penalty organised a meeting in London, on 25 January 2017. Gathering parliamentarians, representatives of the British institutions as well as members of the civil society, the meeting aimed at presenting the worldwide death penalty situation and at focusing on the countries at risk of reintroducing the death penalty. [texte] => Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, Vice-President of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty and Director of Together against the Death Penalty (ECPM), and William Schabas, law Professor at Middlesex University London and expert in the death penalty, have facilitated the meeting, presided by Baroness Vivien Stern.Representatives from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, parliamentarians as well as researchers, including Sir Roger Hood, expert in the death penalty, and NGOs (including several members and partners of the World Coalition, such as Penal Reform International, Harm Reduction International and the Death Penalty Project) attended the event.Despite recent setbacks, an encouraging international situationThe speakers reviewed the countries which constitute a challenge to the abolition of the death penalty, focusing on the USA, the Philippines and Turkey. The latter two states have a similar profile: they abolished the death penalty and now consider to re-establish it. According to Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, it is necessary to stay vigilant, as the reintroduction of the death penalty in one of those countries may establish an international precedent.Nevertheless, it would not be the first time the Philippines re-establish the death penalty: the Congress re-introduced the capital punishment in 1993 after the Constitution had abolished it in 1987. In 2006, the death penalty had been anew abolished. However, William Schabas points out a significant difference between the current situation and 1993: in the meantime, the Philippines have indeed ratified the Second Optional Protocol to ICCPR, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. But this Protocol does not entail any exit clause. According to the expert, the Philippines cannot re-introduce the death penalty without violating their international law obligations: the reestablishment of the death penalty would therefore be illegal as regards international law.Regarding the situation in Turkey, Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan spoke of “cheap populism”. The death penalty has indeed been forbidden by the Constitution. Besides, the state ratified the European Convention on Human Rights and is thus member of the Council of Europe – but would risk an exclusion in case of reintroduction of the capital punishment.The situation of those two countries is not unprecedented in the History: China (747-759) and then Japan (794-1185) had abolished the death penalty in the Middle Ages before re-establishing it.In the USA, D. Trump’s election to the Presidency as well as the referenda in three States were serious setbacks for the abolitionist cause. President Trump nominated a conservative Justice, Neil Gorsuch, to the Supreme Court: against this background, it remains unlikely that the Court will take a decision in favour of the abolition of the death penalty in the near future.Despite those setbacks and the reprisal of executions in countries which used to observe a de facto moratorium for several years (Gambia, Jordan, Chad, Pakistan, Indonesia), both speakers underlined that the international situation of the death penalty is rather positive, as the trend towards the universal abolition remains. A group of hard core retentionist countries still applies the death penalty, and a lengthy work may be necessary to reach the abolition in those countries. It is therefore no surprise that we currently observe a slowdown of the number of countries abolishing the death penalty. Moreover, if the number of countries voting in favour of the UN resolution calling for a universal moratorium on the death penalty has stagnated this year, countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda, absent at the vote, may vote in favour of the 2018 resolution. What strategy to reach the universal abolition?The speakers underlined that it was now important to focus on countries which have been observing a moratorium for numerous years, so as to convince them to confirm the suspension of the executions by abolishing the death penalty in law and thus definitively prevent setbacks. Reaching the abolition in those countries would also strengthen the abolitionist camp.Regarding the “countries at risk”, it is crucial, according to ECPM Director, to conduct a “containment strategy” so as to prevent new countries from putting the abolition of the death penalty into question. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1853] => Array ( [objectID] => 4426 [title] => Federal Justice orders the prison administration to immediately provide African-American journalist Mumia Abu-Jamal with treatment [timestamp] => 1484697600 [date] => 18/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/federal-justice-orders-the-prison-administration-to-immediately-provide-african-american-journalist-mumia-abu-jamal-with-treatment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5487a3c129812740f433cfe9bb003cf9_2-1-500x223.jpg [extrait] => On the 3rd January of this year, a Federal judge ordered Pennsylvania’s prison administration to immediately provide Mumia Abu-Jamal with medication to treat his hepatitis C infection, justifying his decision in these terms: “budgetary constraints cannot outweigh the Eighth Amendment’s constitutional guarantee of adequate medical care.” [texte] => A year and a half after Mumia had been hospitalised for diabetic coma – which could have proven fatal to him and which caused very painful sequelae –, worldwide mobilisation and legal battles have won over the Administration’s inhumanity. Through Bet Grote, from the Abolition Law Center, and the Lawyer Robert Boyle, Mumia’s defense congratulated itself for “this great victory won by thousands of people who supported Mumia and without whom we could not have imagined to win”. Two trials, thousands of hours to write motions or to call on the Administration through gatherings, demonstrations, phone calls, mails and petitions have been necessary to reach this victory.Winning this case was a major challenge as evidence proving that any delay in the treatment would cause irreversible lesions to Mumia and to the untreated 6,000 Pennsylvana’s prisoners suffering under hepatitis C had to be presented. According to Bret Grote, it is the first time in the USA that a federal court orders prison officials to provide prisoners with the new medications that came on the market to eliminate this serious disease. Last August, as the same Judge rejected the first request, there was significant anxiety. Nevertheless, anger reinvigorated the mobilisation. For instance, $130.000 were gathered by worldwide supporters of Mumia to fund the continuation of the legal battle and the medical treatments needed for Mumia. The French Collective “Free Mumia” congratulates itself for having contributed to this victory of the respect to the right to human life through the events it organised and those of the many organisations it gathers (more than 100, including the city of Paris). The mobilisation shall however not weaken, in order for the life-saving treatment to be immediately prescribed and for Mumia to be set free as soon as possible. After having spent 35 years in jail, including 30 on death row, this man, who could never defend his innocence, victim of a racist and unfair trial, in violation of international law standards, as recognised by the UN Commission on Human Rights, the European Parliament and Amnesty International, deserves justice. For more information: www.mumiabujamal.com [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1854] => Array ( [objectID] => 4427 [title] => São Tomé and Príncipe ratifies OP2 and approves total and definitive abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1484697600 [date] => 18/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sao-tome-and-principe-ratifies-op2-and-approves-total-and-definitive-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/737d3ca588fa778cfec21b6cd686300d_2-1.png [extrait] => On 10 January 2017, São Tomé and Príncipe ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty and became its 84th State party. [texte] => On 10 January 2017, São Tomé and Príncipe ratified several international treaties, including the Second Protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, seventeen years after having signed it.São Tomé and Príncipe thus implements the recommendations to ratify the OP2 addressed by the Human Rights Council at the two Universal Periodic Reviews of the country (in 2011 and 2015).The state had abolished the death penalty in 1990. From a legal perspective, the ratification of OP2 makes the resumption of the death penalty impossible in São Tomé and Príncipe. From a political perspective, it demonstrates the commitment of São Tomé and Príncipe to the universal abolition of the death penalty.The World Coalition congratulates São Tomé and Príncipe for this ratification and calls on the country to support the adoption of the draft additional protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa. Indeed, the World Coalition is conducting a joint campaign with FIACAT, FIDH and DITSHWANELO and their members in sub-Saharan Africa for the adoption of the draft protocol by the African Union.New ratifications expected for 2017In Madagascar, the National Assembly adopted in December 2016 a bill authorising the ratification of OP2. The bill now needs to be approved by the High Constitutional Court before being published. The vote by the National Assembly is a powerful statement in favour of universal abolition and a crucial step for the ratification of OP2 by Madagascar, which abolished the death penalty two years ago (law of 9 January 2015).In Côte d’Ivoire, the ratification process of OP2 has already been initiated by the Minister for Human Rights and Public Liberties. The National Assembly may decide soon on a bill authorising the ratification. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sao Tome and Principe ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1855] => Array ( [objectID] => 4428 [title] => Parliamentarians from French-speaking Africa commit to the abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1484611200 [date] => 17/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/parliamentarians-from-french-speaking-africa-commit-to-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/bc01addc0055624eea5322c96daa7f5f_2-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Against the background of the drafting of a new Constitution in Burkina Faso including an article on the abolition of the death penalty, ECPM, the FIACAT and the Burkinabé Parliament have organised a regional parliamentary seminar in Ouagadougou on the death penalty in French-speaking countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The last known execution in Burkina Faso dates back to 1988, making it an abolitionist country in practice. [texte] => The civil societies from 13 sub-Saharan countries were representedThe seminar, held on 19 and 20 December 2016, gathered parliamentarians, NGOs and National Human Rights Institutions (NHRI) from 13 French-speaking sub-Saharan countries: Burkina Faso, Benin, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Chad.The first day, attended by more than 200 participants, aimed at spreading the abolitionist culture within the Burkinabé society. Moreover, the Minister of Justice of Burkina Faso held a speech at the opening ceremony, vividly recalling his commitment in favour of the abolition.Overall, the challenges of the death penalty in French-speaking countries of sub-Saharan Africa were addressed during this first day. Topics such as the death penalty and the fight against crime, against terrorism or the death penalty and torture were discussed.The seminar was also the occasion of strengthening the connections among the World Coalition’s members in sub-Saharan Africa, as representatives of Synafen (Niger), Droits et Paix (Cameroon), CPJ (DRC) and several Parliamentarians from PGA were present. Furthermore, Clément Capo Chichi, one of the five experts of the Working Group on Death Penalty of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, attended the seminar.The crucial role of Parliamentarians in the abolition processAccording to Nicolas Perron, ECPM’s program director, “the main objective of the seminar was to favour the networking of parliamentarians at the regional and national levels”. Indeed, parliamentarians play an essential role in the process of the abolition of the death penalty since they are at the heart of the adoption of the national, regional, and even global legislation within international institutions. The seminar’s second day was therefore dedicated to a training for the 50 regional parliamentarians who were present.In their final declaration, the latter called on all African parliamentarians to create networks between them so as to “take the debate of the abolition into the retentionist parliaments” and to abide by and ratify international instruments dealing with the abolition of the death penalty.A week after the end of the seminar, Comorian parliamentarians set up the first network of Parliamentarians against the Death Penalty in Comoros, encouraging the organisation of similar seminars at the regional level in the future.The Opinion-makers: bearers of the abolitionist messageOn the sidelines of the seminar for the Parliamentarians, FIACAT organised an awareness-raising workshop for opinion-makers on the abolition of the death penalty, aiming at strengthening the lobbying capacities of the Burkinabé civil society and at supporting the country in the implementation of the UN and African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights’ recommendations. At the end of the workshop, the participants called upon the government to abolish the death penalty in law and to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. Against the background of the Constitution’s revision, they also called upon the Burkinabé Parliamentarians to adopt the draft Penal Code and the draft Penal Procedure Code and not to include any reference to the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1856] => Array ( [objectID] => 4429 [title] => A new decline in the use of the death penalty in the US in 2016 [timestamp] => 1484611200 [date] => 17/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-new-decline-in-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-us-in-2016/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/dbf8f153ca484428ef5149dfe0de7004_2-1-500x278.png [extrait] => With 30 death sentences pronounced and 20 executions carried out, the use of the death penalty in the USA saw a new record decline in 2016, as reported in the Death Penalty Information Center’s year-end report. Nevertheless, the abolitionists are worried that 2017 may not be so successful. [texte] => Around 30 death sentences have been pronounced in 2016, i.e. 39% less than the year before and the fewest since 1972 – the year the Supreme Court declared the death penalty statutes unconstitutional. For the sixth year in a row, less than 100 people have been convicted to death. The number of counties pronouncing death penalty has been halved in the last four years, from 60 in 2012 to 27 in 2016. Moreover, no State imposed more than 10 death sentences this year – unprecedented in 40 years. 20 people were executed in the US, in comparison with 28 in 2015. Local reports confirm this decline: the Missourians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty have noticed a significant decline of executions (6 in 2015, 1 in 2016), while the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty’s review underlines that the State of Texas has executed seven people in 2016, the lowest number of executions in two decades. Measures taken by the American pharmaceutical industry to prevent the use of their medicines for the purpose of executions, European Union’s regulations to prevent the export of materials which could be used for conducting executions as well as a Court order preventing the illegal importation of execution drugs have played a role in this decline. Besides, the death penalty statutes in Florida and Delaware have been declared unconstitutional by state courts.A survey released by the Pew Research Center also revealed that the support for the death penalty declined sharply since the 1990’s, with a minority of US-citizens (49%) still favouring it today. Also reporting a historic decrease in the support for the capital punishment, Gallup however found that 60% of US-citizens still supported the death penalty. Local polls in Florida, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Houston and Kentucky revealed that a majority would prefer prison sentences over the death penalty as punishment.The 2016 elections: a setback for the abolitionist causeDespite the progress achieved, the 2016 elections did not turn out in favour of the abolitionist cause. In three States where the voters could decide on death penalty issues, they chose to retain (California, Oklahoma) or to restore (Nebraska) capital punishment. Speedy Rice, from Death Penalty Focus, explains “why the California vote matters” and recalls that California has the largest death row in the US, with 749 prisoners. While the abolition of the death penalty in this State “would have been a very powerful statement for abolition […], 7,218,625 California citizens voted against ending the death penalty and most of those people voted to speed up executions - 6,626,159.” He adds that “even with the DPIC report showing few counties in California imposing the death penalty, the voter totals demonstrate continuing support for the death penalty and no end for the foreseeable eight years to twelve years.”Speedy Rice also underlines the impact of the election of D. Trump to the US Presidency: “Total abolition in the US will have to come from the US Supreme Court declaring the use of the death penalty cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment to the US Constitution.” Currently, four justices out of nine favour the abolition of the death penalty. A five-justice majority is however needed to reach such a decision, and “Trump’s first appointment will certainly be a pro-death justice.” Finally, Speedy Rice fears “an increase in federal death penalty prosecutions and a push to renew federal executions”: “While the past federal death penalty statistics optimistically relied on in the DPIC report are accurate, there is no reason to believe that limited use of the federal death penalty will continue under the Trump administration”.> More info : « Discrimination, Torture, and Execution: A Human Rights Analysis of the Death Penalty in California and Louisiana » (FIDH) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1857] => Array ( [objectID] => 4430 [title] => Philippines: Do not revive the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1484438400 [date] => 15/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/philippines-do-not-revive-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/949d6efc1d09b6239b051d5a17d72ecf_2-1-500x182.png [extrait] => ADPAN strongly urges all members of the Philippine House of Representative and Senate to reject the reinstatement of the death penalty and uphold the rights to life as enshrined in the Constitution. [texte] => Reinstating the death penalty would violate Philippine’s international legal obligations, in particular, the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which the country has ratified.The reasons behind the reinstatement of the death penalty are ill founded and purely a political one. Numerous studies and analyses have concluded that death penalty does not deter crime. Indeed, there has been no existing reliable evidence to prove otherwise. ADPAN also wishes to highlight that the UN Office on Drugs and Crime has consistently called for the abolishment of death penalty on drug related offences, citing that such irreversible and oppressive laws are not an effective prevention and solution and it is not supported by international drug conventions.It is also to be noted that on 11th January 2017, Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand Mr Wisanu Krea-ngarm had said that Thailand would eventually do away with death penalty by trying to amend the law to find alternative to the capital punishment, taking into consideration the global trend on abolition.The Malaysian government has also announced its intention to abolish the mandatory death penalty on drug offences while a comprehensive study is now underway that may also see the total abolition of the death penalty.Philippine, if successfully revive the death penalty, would not only move backward in its human rights standards and obligations, and would also not be in line with the progress made by its neighboring countries towards the eventual abolition of death penalty.ADPAN states its disappointment that this Bill to reinstate the death penalty is being rushed on 16 January 2017 when the House of Representative resumes, and urges all members of the House of Representative and Senate to consider it carefully and reject it, respecting and upholding the right to life.Ngeow Chow Ying For and on behalf of the ADPAN Executive Committee15 January 2017Email: contactadpan@gmail.com [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1858] => Array ( [objectID] => 4431 [title] => Program and Admin Assistant [timestamp] => 1483574400 [date] => 05/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/program-and-admin-assistant/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recruits interns twice a year for a period of 6 months (from March to August and from September to February). [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 140 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.Main tasks:The World Coalition is recruiting an intern for a period of 6 months. The Intern will be in charge of:• Assisting the staff for the preparation of the international campaigns of the World Coalition and for the update of the Website: www.worldcoalition.org;• Participating in the logistics of World Coalition’s meetings and in the day-to-day management of the organisation.Qualifications:An internship agreement with a university is compulsory• University degree in human rights, law, political sciences or humanities;• Good organisational and writing skills; • Perfect knowledge in one of the following languages: English or French, spoken and written, and working knowledge of the other language required;• Good computer knowledge and skills, in particular Microsoft Office and the Internet; • Willingness to work in a multicultural environment;• Familiarity with topics related to human rights and the death penalty is an asset;• Good knowledge of another language would be a plus.We offer:• An international working environment;• Internship allowance of 500€ / month with an Internship agreement;• Contribution to transportation fees;• Lunch vouchers;• 2,5 days leave per month;Applications (cover letter, CV) should be sent by email to contact [at] worldcoalition.org. For the internship starting in March 2017, please apply before 31 January. For the internship starting in September please apply between 1 April and 1 July. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1859] => Array ( [objectID] => 4432 [title] => ACAT-CI commits to the ratification of OP2 in Côte d’Ivoire [timestamp] => 1483488000 [date] => 04/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/acat-ci-commits-to-the-ratification-of-op2-in-cote-divoire/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8d0d37999d0c2301cf1186f81fa289b9_2-1-500x323.jpeg [extrait] => Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture in Côte d’Ivoire (ACAT CI) has conducted advocacy activities between May and November 2016 in order to raise awareness on the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (OP2), aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. This project has been supported by the International Organisation of la Francophonie (OIF) and the International Federation of ACAT (FIACAT). [texte] => In the frame of this project, which aims at obtaining the definitive and irreversible abolition of the death penalty in Côte d’Ivoire, numerous activities have been organised.A seminar gathering opinion leaders, State representatives, diplomats, and representatives of the civil society as well as a workshop addressed to the media have taken place. Public panel discussions have been held at Bouaké and Korhogo universities in order to promote the OP2. Moreover, 5000 signatures have been gathered after petitions had been launched in several cities (Abidjan, Abengourou, Bouaké, Man and Korhogo). ACAT Côte d’Ivoire has also organised advocacy meetings with several authorities: The National Assembly, the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire, the Ministries for Human Rights and Public Liberties, for Justice, and for Foreign Affairs, the Ombudsman, the National Commission for Human Rights in Côte d’Ivoire, the apostolic nunciature, and the Prime Minister’s office. Finally, radio and television programmes have been produced. A newsletter and leaflets on OP2, on the draft African Protocol and on the commemoration of the 14th World Day against the Death Penalty have been released. Significant and very encouraging results The ratification process of OP2 has been initiated by the Minister for Human Rights and Public Liberties, as promised during the 6th World Congress against the Death Penalty which took place in Oslo (Norway). The Minister had also announced his support to the draft Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa. The abolition of the death penalty has been enshrined in the Ivorian legislation: Article 3 of the new Constitution states that “the death penalty is abolished”. The Ivorian National Assembly might soon vote a bill foreseeing the ratification of OP2. To this end, a working group has been set up and is composed of a traditional leader, a member of the National Commission for Human Rights in Côte d’Ivoire, a religious leader, and the President of ACAT-CI.Awareness-raising activities conducted by ACAT-CI can therefore be considered as successful: opinion leaders, institutional stakeholders and journalists are today aware of the OP2 and of its content and they are committed to its ratification. Similarly, media partners are regularly releasing publications on OP2 and awareness has been raised among the national (and international) public opinion. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1860] => Array ( [objectID] => 5626 [title] => Does the Death Penalty Deter Homicide in Japan? [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/does-the-death-penalty-deter-homicide-in-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Unlike the United States, where death penalty and deterrence studies are legion, there has been little research about the death penalty and deterrence in Japan, though the paucity of studies has not discouraged citizens and officials from making confident claims about this issue. Indeed, deterrence has been called “the core of argumentation for and against” the death penalty in Japan. Serious research on this subject has beenall but impossible because of difficulties obtaining decent crime data from the Japanese government. This paper uses monthly homicide and robbery-homicide statistics thatwere previously unavailable to examine whether death sentences and executions in Japan deterred these crimes from 1990 to 2010. The main finding is that the death penalty did not deter homicide or robbery-homicide during this period. More research is needed on this subject, but at present the Japanese government has no sound basis for continuing to claim that the country needs to retain the death penalty because it detersheinous crime. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/2676418/Johnson-EN_final.pdf ) [1861] => Array ( [objectID] => 5802 [title] => True Conviction [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/true-conviction/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => True Conviction is a documentary which follows the detective agency started by Christopher Scott, the late Johnnie Lindsey, and Steven Phill—three wrongly convicted Dallas men who were exonerated after spending a combined 60 years in prison—as they work to attempt to free death-sentenced Max Soffar and other wrongly convicted prisoners. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/7083 ) [1862] => Array ( [objectID] => 5841 [title] => Death Penalty in India: Annual Statistics Report 2017 [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-annual-statistics-report-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => www.deathpenaltyindia.com/img/pages/resources/2017Statistics.pdf ) [1863] => Array ( [objectID] => 5850 [title] => These families lost loved ones to violence. Now they are fighting the death penalty; [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/these-families-lost-loved-ones-to-violence-now-they-are-fighting-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2017/12/28/these-families-lost-loved-ones-violence-now-they-are-fighting-death-penalty ) [1864] => Array ( [objectID] => 5852 [title] => Halting the Death Penalty in Divine Hodud Punishments from a Practical Expediency Perspective [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/halting-the-death-penalty-in-divine-hodud-punishments-from-a-practical-expediency-perspective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation and Various Iranian Religious AuthoritiesAbdorrahman Boroumand FoundationNovember 16, 2017Report [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.iranrights.org/library/document/3274 ) [1865] => Array ( [objectID] => 5853 [title] => Matters of Judgment [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/matters-of-judgment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The aim of this study was to explore the opinions of former judges of the Supreme Court of India on the death penalty and more generally on the state of India’s criminal justice system as far as it was relevant to the death penalty. The study did not focus on the position that former judges took on the death penalty but was instead interested in understanding the reasons they saw for both abolition and retention. In addition to exploring those reasons, the study also wanted to map the understanding of the ‘rarest of rare’ doctrine among former judges and get insights into the manner in which judicial discretion is exercised in death penalty cases. Finally, we wanted to locate all these discussions on the death penalty in the context of an evaluation of the criminal justice system by the former judges. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.project39a.com/moj ) [1866] => Array ( [objectID] => 5855 [title] => Note verbale dated 7 September 2017 from the Permanent Mission of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/note-verbale-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Permanent Missions to the United Nations in New York listed below have the honour to refer to General Assembly resolution 71/187, entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, which was adopted by the Third Committee on 17November 2016 and subsequently by the Assembly on 19 December 2016 by a recorded vote. The Permanent Missions wish to place on record that they are in persistent objection to any attemptto impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty or its abolition in contravention of existing stipulations under international law, for the following reasons: [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda [1] => Bangladesh [2] => Barbados [3] => Botswana [4] => Brunei Darussalam [5] => Chad [6] => China [7] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [8] => Egypt [9] => Ethiopia [10] => Grenada [11] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [12] => Iraq [13] => Jamaica [14] => Kuwait [15] => Libya [16] => Malaysia [17] => Maldives [18] => Nigeria [19] => Oman [20] => Pakistan [21] => Papua New Guinea [22] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [23] => Saint Lucia [24] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [25] => Saudi Arabia [26] => Singapore [27] => Sudan [28] => Syrian Arab Republic [29] => United Arab Emirates [30] => Yemen [31] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://undocs.org/A/71/1047 ) [1867] => Array ( [objectID] => 5858 [title] => How a chronically shy child ended up on death row [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-a-chronically-shy-child-ended-up-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As a young girl Rita was so self-conscious she would only sweep the floor inside the house. Nonetheless, poverty drove her to work overseas. Learning she was coming home one day, an acquaintance - Eka - pressed her to bring back a suitcase with some clothes. Rita was too afraid to refuse. The bag was lined with drugs. Eka is still out there. Rita’s only hope is that Malaysia revises its death penalty policy. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.endcrimenotlife.com/library/videos/how-chronically-shy-child-ended-death-row ) [1868] => Array ( [objectID] => 5859 [title] => ASEAN’s legacy of hope A short video about many of the weakness of a justice system that relies on the death penalty [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/aseans-legacy-of-hope-a-short-video-about-many-of-the-weakness-of-a-justice-system-that-relies-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Drawing on dramatic footage from famous cases, told by the priests and lawyers who knew them, this video depicts the death penalty as a cruel and inhumane practice that persists even through weaknesses in our legal systems might mean we are killing innocent people even though no evidence exists to suggest that the death penalty serves as a deterrent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.endcrimenotlife.com/library/videos/aseans-legacy-hope-short-video-about-many-weakness-justice-system-relies-death ) [1869] => Array ( [objectID] => 5860 [title] => Life After the Death Penalty: Implications for Retentionnist States [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/life-after-the-death-penalty-implications-for-retentionnist-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/files/pdf/Life-After-Death-Penalty_Transcript.pdf?utm_source=WeeklyUpdate&utm_campaign=d85f835aa7-weekly_update_2017_w41&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_37cc7e4461-d85f835aa7-344695193 ) [1870] => Array ( [objectID] => 5861 [title] => Deadly Justice: A Statistical Portrait of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deadly-justice-a-statistical-portrait-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Provides a comprehensive statistical assessment of how the death penalty has been applied over the entire modern period, 1976 to present [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://global.oup.com/academic/product/deadly-justice-9780190841546?cc=us&lang=en& ) [1871] => Array ( [objectID] => 5862 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2017: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2017-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => tences remained near historically low levels in 2017, as public support for the death penalty fell to its lowest level in 45 years, according to a report released today by the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC). Eight states carried out 23 executions, half the number of seven years ago, and the second lowest total since 1991. Only the 20 executions in 2016 were lower. Fourteen states and the federal government are projected to impose 39 new death sentences in 2017, the second lowest annual total since the U.S. Supreme Court declared the death penalty unconstitutional in 1972. It was the seventh year in a row that fewer than 100 death sentences were imposed nationwide. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/YearEnd2017 ) [1872] => Array ( [objectID] => 5863 [title] => Reforming Criminal Justice [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/reforming-criminal-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Reforming Criminal Justice is a four-volume report meant to enlighten reform efforts in the United States with the research and analysis of leading academics. Broken down into individual chapters—each authored by a top scholar in the relevant field—the report covers dozens of topics within the areas of criminalization, policing, pretrial and trial processes, punishment, incarceration, and release. The chapters seek to enhance both professional and public understanding of the subject matter, to facilitate an appreciation of the relevant scholarly literature and the need for reform, and to offer potential solutions. The ultimate goal is to increase the likelihood of success when worthwhile reforms are debated, put to a vote or otherwise considered for action, and implemented in the criminal justice system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://academyforjustice.org/ ) [1873] => Array ( [objectID] => 5864 [title] => Gambia has decided [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/gambia-has-decided/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Movie about the challenges faced by the abolitionnists and the hopes raised by the recent abolition of the death penalty in Gambia [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=KhkE7Hrv3kc ) [1874] => Array ( [objectID] => 5865 [title] => Triggers for the abolition of the death penalty in Africa: a Southern African perspective [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/triggers-for-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-africa-a-southern-african-perspective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Africa, more than 80% of countries have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice, with only 10 countries executing within the past decade, said FIDH and DITSHWANELO in their joint study, “Triggers for the abolition of the death penalty in Africa: a Southern African perspective”.The 36 pages study identifies the triggers leading to the abolition of the death penalty in Africa. It was released simultaneously with a documentary called #Gambia has decided which shows the current abolitionist process experienced in The Gambia. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.fidh.org/en/region/Africa/new-tools-to-raise-awareness-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in ) [1875] => Array ( [objectID] => 5868 [title] => Barbados: Death Penalty Stakeholder Report for the Universal Periodic Review [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/barbados-death-penalty-stakeholder-report-for-the-universal-periodic-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/barbados_-_human_rights_council_-_death_penalty_-_june_2017.pdf ) [1876] => Array ( [objectID] => 5869 [title] => The Bahamas: Death Penalty Joint Stakeholder Report for the United Nations Universal Periodic Review [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-bahamas-death-penalty-joint-stakeholder-report-for-the-united-nations-universal-periodic-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/bahamas_-_human_rights_council-_death_penalty_-_june_2017.pdf ) [1877] => Array ( [objectID] => 5870 [title] => Bahrain The Death Penalty Joint Stakeholder Report for the United Nations Universal Periodic Review [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bahrain-the-death-penalty-joint-stakeholder-report-for-the-united-nations-universal-periodic-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/bahrain_hrc_dp_september_2016.pdf ) [1878] => Array ( [objectID] => 5871 [title] => Capital punishment and the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-the-implementation-of-the-safeguards-guaranteeing-protection-of-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to resolution 30/5 of the Human Rights Council. The report examines the consequences arising at various stages of the imposition and application of the death penalty on the enjoyment of the human rights of those facing the death penalty. It pays specific attention to the right to equality and non-discrimination in the context of the use of the death penalty. The report also highlights the discriminatory application of the death penalty to foreign nationals. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session36/Documents/A_HRC_36_26_EN.docx ) [1879] => Array ( [objectID] => 5872 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2017 [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => OSCE participating States have made a number of commitments regarding the death penalty, including considering the potential abolition of capital punishment, to exchange information toward that end and to make information on the use of the death penalty available to the public.1 Where the death penalty is still in use, participating States have agreed that it could be imposed only for the most serious crimes and only in line with international commitments.2 In light of these commitments and its mandate, the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) monitors trends and new developments regarding human rights standards and practices among OSCE participating States related to the death penalty. The findings are presented each year in the Background Paper on the Status of the Death Penalty in the OSCE Area. The background paper is based on the information provided by participating States, in the form of responses to ODIHR questionnaires. The information from their responses has been included in the present report, to the extent possible, and is supplemented with information from international and regional human rights bodies, non-governmental organizations and media reports. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/odihr/343116 ) [1880] => Array ( [objectID] => 5874 [title] => End of its Robe: How Killing the Death Penalty can Revive Criminal Justice [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/end-of-its-robe-how-killing-the-death-penalty-can-revive-criminal-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Brandon Garrett hand-collected and analyzed national data, looking for causes and implications of this turnaround. End of Its Rope explains what he found, and why the story of who killed the death penalty, and how, can be the catalyst for criminal justice reform. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674970991 ) [1881] => Array ( [objectID] => 5875 [title] => DPIC Study Finds No Evidence that Death Penalty Deters Murder or Protects Police [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dpic-study-finds-no-evidence-that-death-penalty-deters-murder-or-protects-police/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/6866?utm_source=WeeklyUpdate&utm_campaign=91cb631fe1-weekly_update_2017_w38&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_37cc7e4461-91cb631fe1-344695193 ) [1882] => Array ( [objectID] => 5877 [title] => India and the Death Penalty Using the Media: How an Event Can Influence the Establishment of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/india-and-the-death-penalty-using-the-media-how-an-event-can-influence-the-establishment-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abolition.fr/wp-content/uploads/ENGLISH-the-media-avec-corrigé.pdf ) [1883] => Array ( [objectID] => 5878 [title] => Press article: reporting the death penalty [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/press-article-reporting-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abolition.fr/wp-content/uploads/ENGLISH-Press-article-avec-corrigé.pdf ) [1884] => Array ( [objectID] => 5881 [title] => In Defense of the Right to Life: International Law and Death Penalty in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-defense-of-the-right-to-life-international-law-and-death-penalty-in-the-philippines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study is a joint collaboration between international law expert Dr Christopher Ward SC, Senior Counsel of the New South Wales Bar and Adjunct Professor of the Australian National University, and the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://regnet.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/uploads/2017-03/In-Defense-of-the-Right-to-Life-IL-and-Death-Penalty-in-the-Philippines.pdf ) [1885] => Array ( [objectID] => 5882 [title] => Factsheet for Lawyers 2017 [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-lawyers-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Factsheet for lawyers - World Day Against the Death Penalty 2017 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2017_LawyersFactsheet_EN_-v1-1.pdf ) [1886] => Array ( [objectID] => 5884 [title] => Factsheet for Parlementarians 2017 [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-parlementarians-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Parlementarians Factsheet for the World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WD2017_ParliamentariansFactsheet_EN-1.pdf ) [1887] => Array ( [objectID] => 5890 [title] => Exonerated: A History of the Innocence Movement [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/exonerated-a-history-of-the-innocence-movement/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In response to recent exonerations, federal and state governments have passed laws to prevent such injustices; lawyers and police have changed their practices; and advocacy organizations have multiplied across the country. Together, these activities are often referred to as the “innocence movement.” Exonerated provides the first in-depth look at the history of this movement through interviews with key leaders such as Barry Scheck and Rob Warden as well as archival and field research into the major cases that brought awareness to wrongful convictions in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://nyupress.org/books/9781479886272/ ) [1888] => Array ( [objectID] => 5893 [title] => Prisoners on Ohio Execution List Defined by Intellectual Impairment, Mental Illness, Trauma and Young Age [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/prisoners-on-ohio-execution-list-defined-by-intellectual-impairment-mental-illness-trauma-and-young-age/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 26 individuals that Ohio intends to execute each suffer from some combination of severe mental illness, intellectual disability, serious childhood trauma from physical and sexual abuse, or were young adults with impaired judgment when they committed their crimes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => 26 individuals that Ohio intends to execute each suffer from some combination of severe mental illness, intellectual disability, serious childhood trauma from physical and sexual abuse, or were young adults with impaired judgment when they committed their crimes. ) [1889] => Array ( [objectID] => 5894 [title] => Death Row Doctors [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-doctors/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Dr. Carlo Musso took an oath to do no harm. So why does he take part in executions? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.nytimes.com/video/opinion/100000004863421/death-row-doctor.html ) [1890] => Array ( [objectID] => 5895 [title] => Innocence Case: Matt Ruskin [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/innocence-case-matt-ruskin/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenalty.org/blog/voices-matt-ruskin/ ) [1891] => Array ( [objectID] => 5896 [title] => USA: Death in Florida [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/usa-death-in-florida/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In March 2017, Rick Scott, Governor of Florida, responded to a State Attorney’s decision not to pursue the death penalty because of its demonstrable flaws by ordering her replacement with a prosecutor willing to engage in this lethal pursuit. Since then the governor has transferred 27 capital murder cases to his preferred prosecutor. Two of these cases have already resulted in juries voting for death sentences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr51/6736/2017/en/ ) [1892] => Array ( [objectID] => 5897 [title] => Locked up and Forgotten: The Need to Abolish the Death Penalty in Ghana [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/locked-up-and-forgotten-the-need-to-abolish-the-death-penalty-in-ghana/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Death sentences in Ghana continue to be imposed. At the end of 2016, 148 people were on death row, all sentenced to death for murder. While the last executions were carried out in July 1993, there is no official moratorium on executions in Ghana. Research carried out by Amnesty International in Ghana has highlighted concerns with the use of the death penalty, access to fair trial rights and poor prison conditions. Amnesty International calls on the Ghanaian authorities to commute the death sentences of all people on death row and to abolish the death penalty for all crimes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/6268/2017/en/ ) [1893] => Array ( [objectID] => 5898 [title] => Advocacy Strategy [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/advocacy-strategy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presentation of Fulgence Massawe, Legal and Human Rights Centre for the Advocating for the abolition of the death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa workshop, which took place during the 2017 General Assembly of the World CoalitionLegal and Human Rights Centre [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/PresentationFulgence-1.pdf ) [1894] => Array ( [objectID] => 5900 [title] => Socio-economic fact-finding: prisoners on death row [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/socio-economic-fact-finding-prisoners-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presentation of Madalyn Wasilczuk and Sharon Pia Hickey, Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, for the Fact-finding workshop focused on the socioeconomic status of people on death row which took place during the 2017 General Assembly of the World Coalition [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CornellPresentation-1.pdf ) [1895] => Array ( [objectID] => 5905 [title] => The inevitability of error: experiences from former death row exonerees [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-inevitability-of-error-experiences-from-former-death-row-exonerees/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Death row exonerees bios [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/GA2017ExonereeBios-1.pdf ) [1896] => Array ( [objectID] => 5909 [title] => Death penalty in India Presentation [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-india-presentation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presentation of Shreya Rastogi, from the University of New Dehli, for the plenary session on poverty and the death penalty which took place during the 2017 General Assembly of the World Coalition [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ShreyaRastogi-1.pdf ) [1897] => Array ( [objectID] => 5911 [title] => The death penalty and poverty: Promoting access to justice for the poor in Nigeria [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-and-poverty-promoting-access-to-justice-for-the-poor-in-nigeria/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presentation of Adaobi Egboka, from Legal Defense and Assistance Project for the plenary session on poverty and the death penalty which took place during the 2017 General Assembly of the World Coalition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Botswana ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/AdaobiEgboka-1.pdf ) [1898] => Array ( [objectID] => 5914 [title] => The Penalty [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The penalty follows three people caught in the crosshairs of capital punishment, and the political landscape thatcould decide their fate. Going behind the scenes of some of the biggest headlines in the history of America’sdeath penalty, the film follows the lethal injection protocol crisis that resulted in a botched execution, therehabilitation of a man who spent 15 years on death row for a crime he didn’t commit, and the family of a youngwoman – brutally murdered – split by the state’s pursuit of the ultimate punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.thepenaltyfilm.com/about/ ) [1899] => Array ( [objectID] => 5916 [title] => Counting executions: data analysis by justice project pakistan [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/counting-executions-data-analysis-by-justice-project-pakistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facts and figures of the executions in Pakistan from december 2014 to May 2017 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.jpp.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/2017.07.04-Death-Penalty-Fact-Sheet1.pdf ) [1900] => Array ( [objectID] => 5917 [title] => Detailed Factsheet on Death Penalty and Poverty [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-on-death-penalty-and-poverty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed information on the death penalty and poverty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2017_FactSheet-1.pdf ) [1901] => Array ( [objectID] => 5919 [title] => Model letter to governments [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/model-letter-to-governments/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => With this letter, you will be able to call upon the government officials of retentionist countries to request that thesocio-economic status of the defendants facing the death penalty is taken into account as a mitigating factor. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2017_ModelLetter-1.pdf ) [1902] => Array ( [objectID] => 5923 [title] => 2016 World Day report [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2016-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2016, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty along with abolitionist activists worldwide marked the 13th World Day against the Death Penalty by drawing attention to the death penalty for terrorism. This report presents the activities organised for the 13th world day and the media coverage it received. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_RapportJM2016-1.pdf ) [1903] => Array ( [objectID] => 5925 [title] => Facts and Figures 2017 [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2017/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Up-to-date information on the application of death penalty around the world in 2016 and 2017. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FactsFigures2017_EN-1.pdf ) [1904] => Array ( [objectID] => 5931 [title] => Designed to break you: Human Rights Violations in Texas’ Death Row [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/designed-to-break-you-human-rights-violations-in-texas-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The State of Texas stands today as one of the most extensive utilizers of the death penalty worldwide. Consequently, inmate living conditions on Texas’ death row are ripe for review. This report demonstrates that the mandatory conditions implemented for death row inmates by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice(TDCJ) are harsh and inhumane. Particular conditions of relevance include mandatory solitary confinement, a total ban on contact visits with both attorneys and friends and family, substandard physical and psychological health care, and a lack of access to sufficient religious services. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://law.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2017/04/2017-HRC-DesignedToBreakYou-Report.pdf ) [1905] => Array ( [objectID] => 5932 [title] => Annual report on the death penalty in Iran 2016 [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 9th annual report by Iran Human Rights (IHR) on the death penalty provides an assessment and analysis of the death penalty trends in 2016 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The report sets out the number of executions in 2016, the trend compared to previous years, charges, geographic distribution and a monthly breakdown of executions [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/Annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-Iran-2016-ECPM-IHR-4.pdf ) [1906] => Array ( [objectID] => 5933 [title] => Proceedings 6th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/proceedings-6th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This publication brings together the contributions of experts and discussions among participants at the 6th World Congress against the Death Penalty held in Oslo, Norway, in June 2016. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ecpm.org/wp-content/uploads/actes-Oslo-GB-220217b.pdf ) [1907] => Array ( [objectID] => 5935 [title] => Death sentences and executions in 2016 [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2016. As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives; reporting by other civil society organizations; and media reports. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://amnestyfr.cdn.prismic.io/amnestyfr%2Fa9b78217-454b-433b-81bc-1ac3f16bdade_act5057402017+en+webrs2.pdf ) [1908] => Array ( [objectID] => 5946 [title] => Death Row’s Children: Pakistan’s Unlawful Executions of Juvenile Offenders [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-rows-children-pakistans-unlawful-executions-of-juvenile-offenders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 16 December 2014, the Government of Pakistan lifted a six-year de facto moratorium on the death penalty. Whilst the Government claims that the lifting of the moratorium is designed to curb terrorism, an analysis of the 423 executions that have taken place till February 2017 reveals that the death penalty has disproportionately impacted the most vulnerable of all populations including juvenile offenders. Even though Pakistan’s international obligations and domestic laws prohibit sentencing juvenile offenders to death, at least 6 have been executed in the past two years.Through this report, the Justice Project Pakistan highlights the fundamental weaknesses under Pakistan’s juvenile justice system that lead to the unlawful and arbitrary implementation of the death penalty against juvenile offenders. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.jpp.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/JPP-Final-Edited.pdf ) [1909] => Array ( [objectID] => 5949 [title] => Death penalty disproportionately used against persons with significant mental impairments in five Florida Counties [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-disproportionately-used-against-persons-with-significant-mental-impairments-in-five-florida-counties/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study, focusing on five of Florida's 67 counties considers 48 death sentences that were declared unconstitutional after a Florida Supreme Court decision. The research reveals that "63 percent of these individuals exhibit signs of serious mental illness or intellectual impairment, endured devastatingly severe childhood trauma, or were not old enough to legally purchase alcohol at the time the offense occurred." [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://fairpunishment.org/new-report-death-penalty-disproportionately-used-against-persons-with-significant-mental-impairments-in-five-florida-counties/ ) [1910] => Array ( [objectID] => 5997 [title] => Leaflet on the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Abolition of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-on-the-protocol-to-the-african-charter-on-human-and-peoples-rights-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To supplement and strengthen the provisions of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, Article 66 of the Charter authorises the adoption of Protocols or special agreements. It is on this basis that the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) – the African Union (AU) authority responsible for promoting and protecting human rights in Africa – proposed that the AU adopt a specific Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty that specifies that "the right to life is the foundation of all the other rights" and that "the abolition of the death penalty is vital for the effective protection" of this right. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/AfricanProtocol_leaflet-EN-1.pdf ) [1911] => Array ( [objectID] => 6084 [title] => Ratification Kit for Parliamentarians [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-kit-for-parliamentarians/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Parliamentarians are essential to the process of abolition in several ways. They are central to law-making in their own countries and in most countries, the ultimate decision on ratification rests with parliament, which must approve ratification. This new tool will help them understand the importance and the process of ratification and it will help civil society engage with them. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/KitRatificationParlementWCADP-ENv.2017-1.pdf ) [1912] => Array ( [objectID] => 6563 [title] => Ratificationt Kit Angola [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratificationt-kit-angola/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Ratification Kit is designed for government decision-makers. It gives the procedure to ratify or accede to the Protocol and arguments to convince target countries to endorse it. Governments are not likely to have an expert understanding of the Second Optional Protocol. This document may contain answers to government concerns that will be addressed to you during your lobbying action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Angola-EN-1.pdf ) [1913] => Array ( [objectID] => 6580 [title] => Flyer for the UN Protocol Ratification Campaign [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/flyer-for-the-un-protocol-ratification-campaign/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This leaflet gives details about the importance of the Protocol for the abolitionist movement and explains the reasons behind this ratification campaign. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FLYERwcadp-UNprotocol-EN-1.pdf ) [1914] => Array ( [objectID] => 6668 [title] => Lobbying Kit [timestamp] => 1483228800 [date] => 01/01/2017 [annee] => 2017 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lobbying-kit/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The kit aims at providing step-by-step advice on how to lobby government decision-makers at all stages of the ratification process. It includes: model letters , model press release, advice on how and when to use information contained in this kit. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/KitLobbyingMembresWCADP-EN-1.pdf ) [1915] => Array ( [objectID] => 4433 [title] => LEDAP condemns the killing of three death row prisoners in Nigeria [timestamp] => 1482883200 [date] => 28/12/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ledap-condemns-the-killing-of-three-death-row-prisoners-in-nigeria/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/aac4d346940baa7c7bdec5e090e14d62_2-1-500x101.png [extrait] => Legal Defence and Assistance Project (LEDAP) condemns the killing on December 23 2016 of three death row prisoners in Benin City prison on death warrants signed by the Edo State Governor, Mr. Godwin Obaseki. Those executed were Ogbomoro Omoregie, Apostle Igene and Mark Omosowhota. They were all convicted and sentenced to death nearly 20 years ago by military tribunals under the Robbery and Firearms (Special Provisions) Decree as amended. [texte] => In an earlier petition submitted to the Governor by the executed prisoners on December 21 2016 through LEDAP, protesting the plan for their execution, the prisoners had pleaded with the Governor to shelve the planned execution because there is a pending case at the Court of Appeal brought by all death row prisoners in Nigeria against their execution. This appeal has not been decided and it was therefore illegal to carry out the executions.LEDAP is appalled that the earliest social duty of Governor Obaseki upon assumption of office was execution of his citizen on death row. We reteirate that all prisoners, including those sentenced to death, retain all the fundamental rights endowed on all citizens by the 1999 Constitution. This was re-amphasized by the Court of Appeal in the case of Peter Nemi v Attorney General of Lagos State in 1994. The Supreme Court of Nigeria also held in Nasir Bello v Attorney-General of Oyo State that a prisoner cannot be legally executed while his case is pending in court. In so far as an appeal against the sentences of the death row prisoners in Nigeria are pending in court, to the knowledge of the prison authorities and the government who participated in the high court proceedings before the appeal, there is no legal justification for the Edo executions, moreso when it was carried out cruelly on a day to the eve of Christmas. It is also appalling that Edo State government carried out the execution despite the declaration by Nigerian government at its 2009 and 2014 Universal Periodic Reports (UPR) to the United Nations Human Rights Council that Nigeria has put in place a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. The December 23 2016 execution of these three prisoners, as well as similar execution of four prisoners on June 21 2013 by the same Edo State government have undermined Nigeria's declarations to the international community for death penalty moratorium.LEDAP calls on the Nigerian government to stop all death penalty executions forthwith. The National Assembly and State Houses of Assembly should amend the Criminal Code and Penal Code as well as the Robbery and Firearms ( Special Provisions) Act to remove death sentence as punishment for crimes and replace it with life imprisonment or term of years sentence. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1916] => Array ( [objectID] => 4434 [title] => The UN General Assembly voted overwhelmingly for a 6th resolution calling for a universal moratorium on executions [timestamp] => 1482192000 [date] => 20/12/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-un-general-assembly-voted-overwhelmingly-for-a-6th-resolution-calling-for-a-universal-moratorium-on-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/47717872b62155bd9d55a331a16bd44f_2-1-500x254.jpg [extrait] => On 19 December 2016, with 117 States voting in favour of the resolution, the UN member states reasserted their support for a universal moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => Confirming the vote of the UNGA’s Third Committee on 17 November, the resolution A/RES/71/187 was adopted by a large majority, with news States voting in favour of it. 117 voted for the resolution, 40 against (+ 2 compared to 2014) while 31 abstained (- 3) and 5 were absent. 89 States cosponsored the resolution.The adoption of this resolution confirms and supports the global trend towards the abolition of the death penalty.A reflection of the actual death penalty situation worldwideFollowing recent abolitions in law, Guinea and Nauru voted in favour of the resolution and Guinea co-sponsored it for the first time. Mongolia was one of the two lead co-sponsors and Fiji and Suriname confirmed their positive votes for the second time in a row.Recent evolutions in abolitionist in practice countries also lead to a positive change of vote in Malawi and Swaziland which voted, for the first time, in favour of the resolution. Zimbabwe moved from opposition to abstention and Sri Lanka from abstention to a vote in favour, confirming its commitments taken during the 6th World Congress against the Death Penalty in June 2016. DRC which had taken a similar commitment during the World Congress was unfortunately absent from the vote.National debates and political crises were also reflected in some of the weakening of support. Burundi and South Sudan moved from yes to no while Niger, Equatorial Guinea and Seychelles moved from a positive vote to abstention. The Philippines moved from a positive vote to abstention while the Maldives regrettably moved from abstention to a negative vote. A smaller but very active group of hard core retentionist countries While the number of countries opposed to the resolution went down from 54 in 2007 to 37 in 2014 and 40 in 2016, and the number of countries signing the statement of dissociation from 58 in 2008 to 27 in 2015, a small group of countries, led by Singapore have been really active in 2016. For the first time, they managed to have an amendment to the text on state sovereignty, introduced by Singapore, adopted on the edge by 76 States, while 72 voted against during the 3rd Committee. It is very interesting to note, however, that the amendment had no repercussion whatsoever on the vote.The resolution unequivocally frames the death penalty as a human rights issue, calling on States to “establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty”. As Singapore said during the debate, “the focus (…) had, over the years, shifted from being a moratorium to a push for abolishing the practice”. The text also calls upon States to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.The 2016 resolution has also introduced new elements to make the text stronger in encouraging all States to take further steps towards respecting international law and reducing the application of the death penalty. Paragraph 6(f) thus calls upon States to “ensure that those facing the death penalty can exercise their right to apply for pardon or commutation of their death sentence” along fair and transparent procedures. To increase the transparency, the UNGA also called upon the States to disaggregate the information on the use of the death penalty by sex, age and race (Paragraph 6(c)). [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1917] => Array ( [objectID] => 4435 [title] => Cities for Life 2016: Let’s stay vigilant [timestamp] => 1482105600 [date] => 19/12/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/cities-for-life-2016-lets-stay-vigilant/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4e582a2f679eec33c524feae790df468_2-1.jpg [extrait] => On 30 November, the International Day of “Cities for Life” was celebrated around the world. An opportunity to raise awareness among the civil society on the universal abolition. [texte] => As every year since 2002, the “Cities for Life – Cities Against the Death Penalty” International Day was celebrated on 30 November all around the world. At the initiative of the Community of Sant’Egidio, member organisation of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, this event took place in more than 2000 cities across all five continents. To raise the civil society’s awareness on the abolitionist cause, emblematic monuments have been enlightened. In Paris, while the abolition in France is celebrating its 35th birthday, a gathering took place in front of Victor Hugo’s house and its frontage has been illuminated. Illuminating a monument in order to raise awareness on the abolition of the death penalty “As the National Assembly was drafting the Constitution, the question arose. I shouted: it’s time, hurry up […] let’s celebrate today without further delay this great fact, the inviolability of human life. Let’s abolish the death penalty! The Assembly listened, but did not hear.” Quoting Victor Hugo, Christophe Girard, Mayor of the 4th arrondissement in Paris, recalled the writer’s commitment in favour of the abolitionist cause, but also the obstacles it met in France before the abolition in 1981. At the same time, other events took place in Rome, Lyon, Barcelona, Lausanne, Wiesbaden, Kristiansand, Cotonou, Dakar, New York, Rio de Janeiro… and in more than 2100 other cities around the world.Each of those events celebrates “Cities for life – Cities against the death penalty”, demonstrating the commitment of the civil society in favour of the universal abolition and its underlying values. Paris joined the network “Cities for Life” in 2012. Today, more than 67 capital cities take part in the campaign. Among the illuminated monuments, the Colosseum in Roma, St. Bonifatius in Wiesbaden and the Conception Church in Vila Viçosa. The date chosen has a symbolic value as it celebrates the first abolition of the death penalty by a State, the Duchy of Tuscany (30 November 1786).As Valérie Régnier, head of Sant'Egidio in France, recalled, those events support the growing consensus in favour of the universal abolition of the death penalty. To date, 105 States are abolitionist, 7 have abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes, and 29 retain the death penalty in their legislation but do not enforce it. If the universalisation of the abolition is progressing, 57 States still use the death penalty, with various frequencies. Several speakers recalled that the fight against the death penalty also implies to be active in abolitionist countries so as to prevent the reestablishment of this cruel punishment. Marches, artistic performances, conferences are also a means to highlight the fight in favour of a justice that does not kill. A sign of solidarity against the capital sentenceChoosing the city as the scale for mobilisation is not random. It allows to show that the peoples reject the death penalty and to focus on the civil society. When death penalty-free cities get together, they show international solidarity with the peoples still under threat of the capital punishment. In 2002, the campaign gathered 80 cities. To join the mobilisation, activists have had to come up with alternative solutions. Thus, in some South Korean cities, activists themselves now illuminate the monuments, as the mayors have refused to take a stance for the abolition of the death penalty. This demonstration of the “universality of the abolitionist cause”, in the wording of Aurélie Plaçais, Director of the World Coalition Against The Death Penalty, is strengthened by the diversity of participants. In Rome, former death row prisoners have taken the floor. Prison system professionals in favour of the abolition have also testified. Elsewhere, families of prisoners on death row have expressed their support to the campaign.The gathering comprises cities, points of views but also generations. Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, Director of Ensemble contre la peine de mort (Together against the Death Penalty), calls upon the youth to join associations and to commit for the abolition: “Through the abolition, we also talk about all other human rights”. Mobilising the youthAt a time when countries such as the Philippines and Turkey are tempted to re-establish the death penalty to fight against internal violence or terrorism, and as the number of death sentences has risen by 15% in 2015, the participants underline how important it is to provide means for the youth to understand the underlying challenges of such a punishment. “New generations were born with September 11”, Valérie Régnier explained, “and in this difficult international context, there is no obviousness on the death penalty. It is therefore crucial to raise awareness among the youth if we want to create a culture of life.”In Paris, the call has been heard. Diane Pacreau, from “les Jeunes pour la Paix” (Youth for Peace) has taken the floor and reminded the attendants of the “worth of life”. According to the young law student, to fight against the death penalty also means to commit for peace: “Since we desire peace, and act for its establishment, shouldn’t we revolt against the violence of the capital punishment?” Within the small crowd gathered in Place des Vosges, 16 year-old Hugo, defying the cold with his friends, agrees wholeheartedly. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1918] => Array ( [objectID] => 4436 [title] => Towards the abolition of the death penalty in DRC: advances to be confirmed [timestamp] => 1481587200 [date] => 13/12/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/towards-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-drc-advances-to-be-confirmed/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3cfe72a5ce48cf46effd63416fcb525b_2-1-500x332.jpg [extrait] => To date, the Democratic Republic of the Congo maintains the death penalty in its legislation. The proponents of the capital punishment argue that it remains an efficient tool for deterrence in general as well as a solution to the recurring criminal phenomenon hitting the country’s Eastern part. [texte] => The death penalty in the Congolese legislationWhereas the death penalty is enshrined in the legislation, its implementation has been challenged. Through the 2003 de facto moratorium on the death penalty, the DRC belongs to the States systematically jailing the convicts instead of executing them. Furthermore, an abolitionist trend seems to guide the 2006 Constitution as subsequently revised and the legislation laid down by the DRC’s Parliament since 2003, even if the latter has remained unable to adopt a legal text expressly abolishing the death penalty. The Congolese legal arsenal displays two diametrically opposite faces on the question of the death penalty. Some legal texts allow the death penalty for certain charges whereas others challenge this punishment. Three main legal instruments retain the death penalty within the Congolese legislation: the 1940 ordinary Penal Code, allowing the death penalty for crimes such as assassination or armed robbery, the 2002 (2015 amended) military Penal Code expanding the list of crimes incurring the death penalty to spying, terrorist acts, desertion, etc., and finally the 1898 decree defining methods of execution (by hanging for civilians and by a firing squad for the members of the military).The DRC on the path towards the abolition of the death penalty?It seems that an implicit policy to abolish the death penalty guides many Congolese legal instruments, most of them having been adopted from 2003 onwards. This testifies of an emerging trend towards the abolition of the death penalty, while always more national and international legal instruments endorse the abolition. In the DRC, a moratorium has been established in 2003 and the executions have been suspended since then. The 2006 Constitution, which does not comprise any reference to the death penalty, insists through its articles 16 and 61 on the sacredness of human life and on the non-derogability of the right to life. The 2006 law n°06/018 has abolished the death penalty for charges of rape followed by death, replacing it by a life sentence, while the 2009 law n° 09/001 has prohibited the death penalty for crimes committed by juveniles.Challenges for the abolition in the DRCIf the DRC belongs to the countries which do not carry out executions, the death penalty is still in force. The de facto abolitionist position of the country has been reaffirmed as the Vice-Minister for justice and human rights announced that the country would vote in favour of the UN resolution for the Moratorium on application of the death penalty in December 2016. Nevertheless, the path towards the abolition in the DRC remains strewn with thorns. Against all expectations, the law implementing the Rome Statute in the DRC, signed on 31 December 2015, supports the death penalty. Moreover, on 13 September 2016, the Governor of North-Kivu published a press release recommending to the Parliament and to the government a two-year suspension of the moratorium on the death penalty. He assesses that this temporary suspension shall allow the security and defence services to bring the situation under control as the Eastern part of the country is suffering under increasing criminality.Today, the fight against the death penalty is growing in the DRC, as abolitionists and retentionists overtly oppose. The Congolese society, above all in the Eastern part of the country, is facing exacerbated criminal resurgence. The latter firstly affects the civil population, which may be led to think that the solution would arise from the implementation of the death penalty.Far from it, as recalled by Pope Francis, modern societies do have the possibility to effectively punish crimes without removing the opportunity to redeem from the criminals. The will to achieve a further step towards the abolition of the death penalty, as defended by the DRC at the 6th World Congress against the Death Penalty, is certainly a laudable objective but it remains insufficient. More needs to be done: the Congolese law makers should therefore review all legal texts conflicting with the ideal of the sacredness of human life in order to consolidate the rule of law in the DRC.The abolition of the death penalty should furthermore go along with a criminal and carceral policy complying with the requirements of a modern legal system. As Victor Hugo stated, the fight against the death penalty does not boil down to preventing the death of a convict, raising awareness among the population or demanding a more humane justice system. It also – and above all – means to fight against crime in a different way, so as to understand the reasons for this evil which is eating away at the society. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1919] => Array ( [objectID] => 4437 [title] => Congress should block effort to reintroduce death penalty in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1480896000 [date] => 05/12/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/congress-should-block-effort-to-reintroduce-death-penalty-in-the-philippines/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/53ae131972b19bc9e3d82a652497c593_2-1-500x258.jpg [extrait] => UPDATE: The Bill on the death penalty has not been discussed in plenary session at the House of Representatives in December. The House is now in recess until 16 January 2017. We, the 70 undersigned organizations and individuals, express serious concern over the rapid efforts by members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines to adopt a bill restoring the death penalty in the country. [texte] => On 29 November 2016, the Sub-Committee on Judicial Reforms of the House Committee on Justice, which is chaired by Congressman Marcelino “Ching” Veloso, approved a bill restoring the death penalty in the Philippines by railroading the proceedings in the committee and ignoring important questions from other lawmakers questioning the need for the legislation or its urgent passage.The decision to approve such a bill by the sub-committee was done with so much haste that there was not even a report presented, as is the normal practice, on the discussions and information presented in the previous hearings.The Philippines is a State Party to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which means that it is obliged not to carry out executions within its jurisdiction and not to reintroduce the death penalty.The Philippines has always been viewed as a regional and global leader on the drive to abolish the death penalty around the world. Bringing back the death penalty into its laws would be an enormous step backward for the country, signaling a comprehensive degradation of respect for the right to life and other international legal obligations.The UN General Assembly has repeatedly adopted resolutions by overwhelming majorities, calling on all States that retain the death penalty to impose a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing it.We categorically and absolutely oppose the death penalty in any and all circumstances and consider its use to be a violation of the right to life and freedom from cruel, inhuman, or degrading punishment.It cannot be emphasized enough that significant and overwhelming evidence shows that the death penalty is not effective at deterring crime at a greater rate than alternative forms of punishment.We call on the Government of the Philippines to instead invest in improved detection and investigation techniques and capacity, and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the justice system. These measures are more likely to achieve real results in reducing crime.We strongly urge members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines to ensure their discussions in the next few days on this bill restoring the death penalty are based on evidence and facts.We strongly urge members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines not to view this as a purely political exercise and instead seriously consider not only what the impact of the passage of this bill will have on the international obligations of the Philippines, but also on how it would affect the notions of justice and human rights in the country.We appeal to members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines to stop further attempts to reintroduce the death penalty and to block any legislation that subverts human rights.Co-signatories:1. Alcohol and Drug Foundation (Australia)2. Alyansa Tigil Mina (Alliance Against Mining) (Philippines)3. Amnesty International4. Andrey Rylkov Foundation for Health and Social Justice (Russia)5. Artikulo Tres Human Rights AllianceInc (Philippines)6. Asian Federation Against Involuntary Disappearances (AFAD)7. Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)8. Ateneo de Davao Legal Aid Office (Philippines)10. Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network (Canada)11. Centro de Investigación Drogas y Derechos Humanos (CIDDH) (Peru)9. Bernice C.Mendoza, Lawyer (Philippines)12. Charles Hector, Human Rights Defender and Lawyer (Malaysia)13.Coalition Against Trafficking in Women - Asia Pacific14. Colegio de Abogados y Abogadas de Puerto Rico15. Collectif français Libérons Mumia16. Commission on the Disappeared and Victims of Violence (KontraS) (Indonesia)17. Death Penalty Focus18. Defend the Defenders (DTD) (Philippines)19. Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM)20. FIDH - International Federation for Human Rights21. Focus on the Global South22. Forum Droghe – Italia (Italy)23. Housing Works (United States)24. Human Rights Online (Philippines)25. In Defense of Human Rights and Dignity Movement (Philippines)26. Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation (Indonesia)27. Indonesian Legal Roundtable (Indonesia)28. Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy (ELSAM) (Indonesia)29. International Centre for Science in Drug Policy (ICSDP)30. International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)31. International Drug Policy Consortium32.International Federation of Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture(FIACAT)33. Law Enforcement Against Prohibition (Australia)34. LBH Masyarakat (Indonesia)35. M.Ravi, Human Rights Advocate (Singapore)36. MADPET (Malaysians Against Death Penalty and Torture) (Malaysia)37. Malaysian Bar38. Mamamayan Tutol sa Bitay (Philippines)39. MARUAH (The Working Group on an ASEAN Human Rights Mechanism-Singapore)40. Mary Jane N. Real, Women"s Human Rights Advocate (Philippines)41.Movement of Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity, and Nationalism (MABINI)(Philippines)42. NGO 4 Life (Montenegro)43. Observatory of Crops Declared Illicit (Colombia)44. Penington Institute (Australia)45. Philippine Alliance of Human Rights Advocates (PAHRA)46. Philippine Human Rights Information Center PHILRIGHTS47. Purple Action for Indigenous Women’s Rights (LILAK) (Philippines)48. Reprieve (Australia)49. Reseau d’Alerte et d’Intervention pour les Droits de l’Homme (RAIDH)50. Ricardo Fernandez, Lawyer (Philippines)51. Romanian Harm Reduction Network (Romania)52. Sentro ng mga Nagkakaisa at Progresibong Manggagawa (SENTRO)(Philippines)53. Singapore Anti Death Penalty Campaign (SADPC)54. Social Watch (Benin)55. Syndicat national des agents de la formation et de l’education du Niger(SYNAFEN)56.Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (Taiwan)57. TB/HIV Care Association (South Africa)58. Todung Mulya Lubis, Lawyer (Indonesia)59. Tyrell Haberkorn, Political and Social Change, Australian NationalUniversity60. Union contre la Co-infection VIH/Hépatites/Tuberculose (UNICO) (Ivory Coast)61. Vietnam Independent Civil Society Organizations Network (VICSON)62. Vietnamese Women for Human Rights63. WANEP GUINÉE-BISSAU (West Africa Network for Peacebuilding) (Guinea Bissau)64.We Believe in Second Chances (Singapore)65. West Africa Drug Policy Network (Ghana)66. World March of Women (Philippines)67. Zimbabwe Civil Liberties and Drug Network (Zimbabwe)68. Sant’Egidio69. Iran Human Rights70. Murder VIctims’Families for Human Rights (MVFHR)71. The Advocates for Human Rights 72. World Coalition Against Death Penalty [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1920] => Array ( [objectID] => 4438 [title] => Local and International groups express solidarity for the families of executed prisoners in Singapore [timestamp] => 1480118400 [date] => 26/11/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/local-and-international-groups-express-solidarity-for-the-families-of-executed-prisoners-in-singapore/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d75f3b26e73e2881051cab4969a0e231_2-1.jpg [extrait] => We, the undersigned organisations, condemn the shameful execution of a Nigerian national, Chijioke Stephen Obioha, and a Malaysian national, Devendran a/l Supramaniam in Singapore on 18 November 2016, which runs counter to global trends towards abolition of capital punishment. Around the same time, at the 50th and 51st meeting of the UN General Assembly’s Third Committee’s 71st session proceedings, the Singapore representative introduced amendments, undermining the spirit of the draft resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty, supported by states such as Syria, Egypt and Bangladesh. [texte] => We remain appalled that Singapore continues to execute people in contravention of international law and standards. The two men were sentenced to mandatory death penalty, after being convicted of drug trafficking, which does not meet the threshold of the “most serious crimes”.In July 2011, during its first Universal Periodic Review (UPR), Singapore accepted a recommendation that called on the government to make available statistics and other factual information on the use of the death penalty (A/HRC/18/11, para. 95.15). The lack of transparency in relation to the scheduled executions therefore remains deeply concerning and prevents informed and meaningful debates in the country on the retention of this punishment.We would like to express our regret and share in the disappointment of the families of the executed men. We oppose the use of capital punishment in all circumstances, as a violation of human rights which can never be justified under the flawed assumption that it has a unique deterrent effect.Signatories:SingaporeFunction 8Humanitarian Organization for Migration Economics (HOME)Project XSingapore Anti-Death Penalty Campaign (SADPC)Think CentreWe Believe in Second ChancesMalaysiaSuara Rakyat Malaysia (SUARAM)Malaysians Against Death Penalty & Torture (MADPET)IndonesiaHuman Rights Working Group (HRWG)International Groups and NetworksAmnesty International (AI)Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN)Coalition for the Abolition of the Death Penalty in ASEAN (CADPA)Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM)Franciscans International (FI)Human Rights Watch (HRW)International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1921] => Array ( [objectID] => 4439 [title] => Renewed calls for the abolition of the death penalty at the NGO forum and the 59th Session of the ACHPR [timestamp] => 1480032000 [date] => 25/11/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/renewed-calls-for-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-ngo-forum-and-the-59th-session-of-the-achpr/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b90d2e83efc6dfec050fdb85122b66fe_2-1-500x227.jpg [extrait] => At the end of October, the civil society gathered for the NGO Forum preceding the 59th African Commission for Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR): an occasion to put the death penalty on the agenda of the African Commission and to make the calls for the abolition heard. Nonetheless, difficulties on the path towards the abolition in the African continent remain. [texte] => From 17 to 19 October, 2016 the Forum on the Participation of NGOs in the 59th Ordinary Session of the ACHPR (NGO Forum) took place in Banjul, The Gambia. The NGO Forum is an advocacy platform for civil society organisations that gives them the opportunity to share information and adopt resolutions on questions that will be reviewed by the ACHPR during its session. These resolutions are then submitted to the ACHPR.During the NGO Forum, a panel: “Abolition of the mandatory death penalty in Africa: An immediate step towards full realization of the right to life” was organised by WCADP, FIACAT, FIDH, Ditshwanelo and IBA. The debate addressed the issue of mandatory death penalty and focused on the death penalty applied to women, with the testimony of Susan Kigula. Susan is a survivor of the death penalty and one of the leading petitioners before the Ugandan Constitutional Court for the abolition of the mandatory death penalty in her country, and was released from prison in January 2016. She gave a message of hope to those who are still on death row and wrapped up her presentation by saying: “You can get someone out of the prison, but not of the grave”.Many African NGOs participated in the Specific Interest Group on the death penalty on the second day of the NGO Forum. Upon the discussion, a draft resolution on the death penalty was submitted to the ACHPR by the Forum, but was not adopted by the Commission.Call for support on the draft African protocol to the African Charter on the abolition of the death penaltyOn 26 October 2016, the Working Group on the Death penalty and extra-judiciary killings organised a panel on extrajudicial killings and the death penalty with special emphasize on the rights of women in Africa. The event saw the participation of representatives of the civil society, governments, and the African Commission. The World Coalition, represented by its members FIACAT and FIDH was invited as a speaker during this panel and had the opportunity to show the global trend towards abolition in Africa and to call on African Union member states to support the draft African protocol to the African Charter on the abolition of the death penalty. After the panel, the state delegates from Algeria, Chad, Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, Nigeria and Niger, all countries which apply a moratorium on the death penalty, took the floor in order to express their position and present the difficulties encountered in the path towards abolition. Moreover, several National Human Rights Institutions and NGOs took the floor to ask for the abolition of the capital punishment in their countries. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gambia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1922] => Array ( [objectID] => 4440 [title] => Death penalty: UN General Assembly human rights committee renews call for a moratorium on executions [timestamp] => 1479859200 [date] => 23/11/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-un-general-assembly-human-rights-committee-renews-call-for-a-moratorium-on-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e06b0a806ff4ca66da044429dae11dcf_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Today the overwhelming majority of UN member states once again threw their weight behind a UN General Assembly draft resolution to establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty. 115 of the UN’s 193 member states voted in favour of the proposal, with only 38 voting against it. The draft will now go before the UN General Assembly plenary for final adoption. [texte] => Amnesty International welcomes the adoption of the draft resolution, which once again sets the death penalty clearly within the human rights framework. Among other important provisions, the resolution calls on states that still retain the death penalty to ensure the protection and promotion of human rights of those facing the death penalty. The resolution also reiterates its call on states to reduce the number of offences for which the death penalty may be imposed, and requests states to make publicly available information on any scheduled executions, and to ensure that those facing the death penalty can exercise their right to apply for pardon or commutation of their death sentence by ensuring that clemency procedures are fair and transparent.Our organization, however, regrets that a hostile amendment proposed by Singapore and other sponsors relating to state sovereignty was adopted. It is further disappointing that Singapore and the other proponents of the amendment continued to oppose the resolution even after the amendment they put forward was approved. However, this amendment in no way undermines the positive language contained in the draft resolution, and the need for all states to heed the calls it makes.Amnesty International commends the work done by a large group of cosponsors in support of this resolution, and in particular the states that lead on the negotiations, Argentina and Mongolia. In addition, we celebrate the fact that several countries positively changed their position compared to December 2014, when the previous resolution on the moratorium on the use of the death penalty was adopted. New votes in favour came from Gambia, Guinea, Malawi, Namibia, Sri Lanka and Swaziland. As a further positive sign, Zimbabwe moved from opposition to abstention. Regrettably, Chad, Niger, Philippines and Seychelles went from a vote in favour to abstention; while Burundi and Maldives moved from vote in favour and abstention, respectively, to vote against.Although not legally binding, UN General Assembly resolutions carry considerable moral and political weight. Amnesty International urges all UN Member States to support the resolution when it comes for final adoption in December. Those countries still retaining the death penalty should immediately establish a moratorium on executions as a first step towards full abolition.BackgroundSince 2007 the UN General Assembly has adopted five resolutions calling for a worldwide moratorium on the death penalty, with support increasing each time.When the UN was founded in 1945 only eight of the then 51 UN Member States had abolished the death penalty. Today, 103 Member States have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, and in total 141 out of the 193 have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. In 2015, 169 (88%) of the 193 UN Member States were executions-free.The adoption of these ground-breaking resolutions on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty since 2007 has generated momentum to renew the commitment to the abolition of the death penalty.Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception, regardless of the nature or circumstances of the crime; guilt, innocence or other characteristics of the individual; or the method used by the state to carry out the execution. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1923] => Array ( [objectID] => 4441 [title] => The abolitionists’ forum in Niger: a great success [timestamp] => 1479772800 [date] => 22/11/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-abolitionists-forum-in-niger-a-great-success/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4e14a97725ad399c20164628e7d6519c_2-1-500x259.jpg [extrait] => The first Nigerien abolitionists’ forum on the death penalty was held in Niamey on November 4 and 5, 2016. The NGO Réseau progrès et développement humanitaire du Niger (REPRODEVH-NIGER) and the Nigerien Coalition Against the Death Penalty organised the event, which was sponsored by the Ministry of Justice, the National Commission on Human Rights and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. The initiative met with great success. [texte] => A well-attended forumThe abolitionist forum, combining speeches, presentations, a workshop and the screening of a film, gathered more than 400 people from different backgrounds, key players of the fight against the death penalty: civil society representatives, political leaders, MPs, theologians, lawyers, journalists, students, professors, etc. The participants exchanged views on different topics: among other subjects, the death penalty and terrorism, Islam’s and Christianity’s perspectives on the death penalty, the abolition of the death penalty worldwide and the Nigerien situation, strategies to encourage the abolition of the death penalty.The death penalty: an inefficient and cruel punishment still in force in Niger The participants recalled the inefficiency of the death penalty, particularly for fighting terrorism, pointing out that the fear of dying will not deter terrorists, who are on the contrary fascinated by death. The risk of judicial error and the use of the death penalty for political purpose were also condemned by the panellists. Maman Aminou A. Koundy, magistrate, reiterated that the death penalty was contrary to the rule of law. Participants to the forum also stressed that the death penalty was not in line with the Holy Scriptures. In his speech, the Chief of Staff of the Ministry of Justice mentioned the difficulties met in the process of the abolition of the capital punishment: a bill abolishing the death penalty has namely been rejected in 2010. Nonetheless, a bill foreseeing the accession of Niger to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) has been approved by the government in 2014. Besides, the Ministry of Justice commuted all death sentences to life imprisonment lately. At the forum, the Ministry’s representative reaffirmed “the commitment of the government to carry on its efforts to abolish the death penalty in Niger in the near future”. Strategies aiming at the abolition of the death penalty in NigerThe participants exchanged views on the civil society’s strategies to speed up the abolition of the death penalty in the country. The crucial role of the civil society has been underlined: according to Mahame Chekaraou Maazou, member of the National Commission on Human Rights, awareness-raising campaigns are well-needed. In order to reach a broader audience, they should be relayed by community radio stations. The organisation of workshops to raise awareness among opinion-makers would also be welcomed. Furthermore, assistance should be provided to prisoners on death row. Besides, Kanni Abdoulaye, National Coordinator of Human Rights organisations and representative of the Nigerien civil society at the forum, encouraged NGOs to pursue their advocacy activities. In their final statement, the participants to the forum called upon the government to foster the dialogue on the abolition of the death penalty and to carry out awareness-raising campaigns. Parliamentarians were invited to vote in favour of the bill authorising the accession of Niger to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, while NGOs were encouraged to continue their work in favour of the abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion [1] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1924] => Array ( [objectID] => 4442 [title] => Pardon Prisoners On Death Row [timestamp] => 1478563200 [date] => 08/11/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pardon-prisoners-on-death-row/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/94196cbd1918b35a653b3a6d11b94456_2-1-500x254.jpg [extrait] => At the end of October, the death sentences of more than 2,500 prisoners were commuted by the Kenyan President. The presidential power of mercy was also recently exercised by the Zimbabwean President, where 10 death row prisoners were pardoned. [texte] => On October 24, Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta commuted the death sentences of all 2,747 convicts on death row to life sentences giving them a reprieve from the hangman's noose.The 2,655 men and 92 women will now serve life imprisonment. Invoking the Power of Mercy provided for under Article 133 of the Kenyan Constitution, President Kenyatta also pardoned 102 prisoners serving longterm sentences.The development came a week after Kenyatta freed 7,000 inmates during the Heroes Day celebrations to create jail space for corruption convicts. The decision to commute all death sentences brings Kenya closer to the growing community of nations, which have abolished the death penalty, calling it a cruel and inhuman form of punishment.Although Kenya last executed in 1987, it has mandatory death penalty on its law books and had the highest number of people on death row in East Africa while Uganda at 28 offences has the highest number of offences that attract the death sentence. This was not the 1st time such a mass commutation of death sentences happened in Kenya. On August 3, 2009, then president Mwai Kibaki commuted more than4,000 death sentences to life jail terms citing the undue mental anguish suffered by those sentenced to death. His decision however may have been influenced by the "would be" outcomes of 3 cases that were challenging mandatory use of capital punishment.Should the legal challenges have succeeded, the government would have been faced with the unenviable task of holding individual sentence hearings for all 4,000-plus prisoners under sentence of death as was the case in Uganda after the Kigula ruling. Commutation of a sentence is the substitution or reduction of a sentence to a lesser one.Presidents are given power to do this by their countries' Constitutions. In Uganda this is under Article 121 (4)(c) of the Constitution. Various presidents have exercised this power. President Obama has gone down in the history of America as one who has used this power most.As at June, he had commuted the sentences of 348 individuals - more than the previous seven Presidents combined. Commutation of death sentences has happened all over the world. In Africa, Zambia is yet another country that has had its presidents exercise this power continuously. By August 2015, Zambia had only 4 convicts on death sentence.The small size of the country's deathrow is the result of several presidential commutations. On July 16, 2015, president Edgar Lungu commuted the death sentences of 332 inmates to life imprisonment. In December 2013, there were 214 people on death row, following former president Michael Sata's commutations of 123 death sentences.President, Rupiah Bwezani Banda pardoned and commuted sentences of 53 prisoners on death row in 2009 while in 2007, president Mwanawasa commuted the death sentences of 97 prisoners who were on death row to life imprisonment.Instances of showing mercy to convicted prisoners through commutations and pardons are not new neither are they enshrined only in Constitutions. They are found in other great books like the Bible and have been practiced for centuries.Read full article on: The Monitor [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1925] => Array ( [objectID] => 4443 [title] => Eager to learn more about the death penalty? Abolitionist civil society around the world answered your call! [timestamp] => 1478563200 [date] => 08/11/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/eager-to-learn-more-about-the-death-penalty-abolitionist-civil-society-around-the-world-answered-your-call/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/72a0e9784d632fdcddba1e8c23480f45_2-1-500x255.jpg [extrait] => 10 October saw the release of several publications and tools to raise awareness on the death penalty in all regions of the world. Take a look! [texte] => Who Deserves to Die ?Let’s first begin with a well-made interactive test developed by the Belgian section of Amnesty International. In your opinion, who deserves to die? A test available in French. The danger of executing innocents is also recalled by the Legal Defense and Assistance Project (LEDAP) in a video entitled Innocent and Sentenced to Die: Wrongful incarceration on Nigeria’s Death row. Giving the floor to innocents wrongfully sentenced to death, LEDAP reminds us that no justice system is ever safe from judicial error. Other videos published for World Day include the campaign by Second Chances in Singapore and a video by the Amman Center for Human Rights Studies who went out to the streets and asked Jordanians what they had to say about the death penalty. The Death Penalty and TerrorismAmnesty International released a report entitled 2016 World Day against the Death Penalty, focusing this year on the death penalty for terrorism-related offences. Observing that at least 20 countries have sentenced people to death or carried out executions for terrorism-related crimes in 2015, Amnesty International draws our attention on several worrisome trends: the violations of international fair trial standards affecting those accused of terrorism, the use of military courts to impose death sentences and the use of the capital punishment for political aims. The report also stresses that the capital punishment fails to constitute a deterrent punishment. An argument which is endorsed by Nestor Toko, president of the Lawyers Network against the Death Penalty in Cameroon, in a video entitled Death Penalty for Terrorism is no Deterrent. Parliamentarians for Global Action, together with the World Coalition against the Death Penalty, has launched a factsheet on the death penalty for terrorism, insisting on the ineffectiveness of the death penalty. The factsheet also suggests ways to contribute to the abolition of this inhumane punishment.Those three contributions underline that death penalty is never an answer to terrorism. Secrecy and Arbitrariness in Asia and the Middle East A publication of the FIDH, Going backwards: the death penalty in Southeast Asia, has revealed, despite the secrecy surrounding the use of the death penalty in the region, that Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore have continued to execute people in 2015. The situation is particularly worrisome in Indonesia, where death penalty is widely enforced for drug-related offenses, and in the Philippines, as President Duterte has announced his will to re-establish the capital punishment. Beyond those cases, FIDH’s reports also addresses the situation in Brunei Darussalam, Burma, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam.A report published by the Palestinian Center for Human Rights (PCHR) displays facts about death penalty in Palestine and PCHR’s position towards it in eight items. It also includes recommendations for decision makers and stresses that “Justice is meant to bring safety and serenity not revenge”. Unfair trials and ill treatment: the reality of the death penalty in Belarus and the USAIn association with the Viasna Human Rights Center, the FIDH has published a report pointing out the practice of the Death penalty in Belarus, the only remaining country in Europe still condemning to death penalty and carrying out executions. Beyond the cruelty of the capital punishment, the report stresses that torture and ill-treatment are widely spread in Belarus so as to obtain confessions from the suspects, who are systematically denied the right to be assisted by a lawyer. The publication also underlines the suffering of the relatives of the inmates, who are neither informed of the date of the execution nor being authorised to get the body of their loved one back.In the second part of the report Too Broken to Fix: An In-depth Look at America’s Outlier Death Penalty Counties, the Fair Punishment Project reviews eight US counties characterised by their intense resort to death penalty. The authors underline the unfair character of the death penalty, affecting above all the ones who are deprived the access to representation, who suffer from systemic racial bias and who live in counties ruled by overzealous prosecutors. Against a very well documented background, the report concludes on the persistent danger of convicting innocent people to a definitive and irrevocable punishment. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1926] => Array ( [objectID] => 4444 [title] => In Cameroon, the abolitionist network grows [timestamp] => 1477612800 [date] => 28/10/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/in-cameroon-the-abolitionist-network-grows/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/82ade4d6f25a871a3bb92f96412c981f_2-1.jpg [extrait] => For the first time in Cameroon, the Cameroonian organization Droits et Paix, in partnership with the French association Ensemble contre la peine de mort, held a conference and training on the death penalty in Yaounde. [texte] => The urgency of abolishing the death penalty in Cameroon The national conference, which took place on September 21, 2016 in Yaounde, had a major objective : spreading the abolitionist culture within the Cameroonian society and encouraging the development of a Cameroonian Coalition against the Death Penalty. The conference gathered officials from the government of Cameroon, political parties, judges and lawyers as well as leaders of civil society and the media.According to the President of Droits et Paix, Mr. Nestor Toko, the conference resulted in recommendations made by the various working groups. These recommendations include the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the formulation of laws proposed by abolitionist parliamentarians, the invitation for judges to observe a moratorium on death sentences and the invitation to the civil society to gather around a network to raise awareness and undertake advocacy actions. The Lawyers network against the death penaltyFollowing the conference, a training session over two days was held destinated to the association leaders and legal professionals. The audience was composed largely of lawyers belonging to the Lawyers network against the death penalty. The network, chaired by Mr. Nestor Toko, was formed in July 2015 and has already 37 members. 25 of them, from eight regions of Cameroon, attended the conference and the training session showing the determination of Cameroonian lawyers to engage effectively in the abolitionist struggle.The consolidation of the abolitionist network in Cameroon is particularly relevant at a time when, since the implementation of the Anti-Terrorism Law No. 2014/028 2014, over 1,000 people have been accused of belonging to Boko Haram and 100 of them were sentenced to death following unfair trials, according to Amnesty International. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cameroon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1927] => Array ( [objectID] => 4445 [title] => ASEAN countries step back on the path towards abolition [timestamp] => 1477526400 [date] => 27/10/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/asean-countries-step-back-on-the-path-towards-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f404e7986e4fa95316c13daeb0686d30_2-1-500x318.png [extrait] => Asia has the highest number of retentionist countries in the world. Eight members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) retain the death penalty and four of them carried out executions in 2015. [texte] => The last FIDH’s report on Southeast Asia and the Death Penalty, issued this month, observes that the region has witnessed significant setbacks with regard to the abolition of the death penalty. According to the document, since October 2015, Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore have all carried out executions, while Vietnam keeps to classify statistics on the death penalty as state secrets. All retentionist Southeast Asian countries apply the death penalty to terrorism-related crimes, the topic the 14th World Day Against the Death Penalty is raising awareness about. “The application of such laws is subject to abuse and arbitrary application because governments define this crime in very broad and vague terms. In addition, many alleged violent acts of terrorism do not meet the threshold of the most serious crimes”, states the report. Florence Bellivier, FIDH Deputy-Secretary General, believes that the pretext of using the death penalty to fight wars on drugs and terrorism is “merely a quick fix for governments who are eager to show they are tough on crime. The reality is that the death penalty has no deterrent effect on the commission of crimes, particularly those that are drug-related or alleged acts of terrorism”. In an article published by the Bangkok Post on the occasion of the 14th World Day, Seree Nonthasoot, Thailand’s representative to the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR), stated that “the region’s people-centred and people-oriented vision must be underpinned by its drive towards abolishing the penalty”. Thousands of people in the region are still being summarily and extra-judicially executed for allegedly being involved in drug crimes, but to tackle crime, it is necessary to find ways to reduce it and capital punishment is not working as a deterrent, he said. “It is time for all of us to stand up for a justice system that punishes offenders in a fair and appropriate manner”. Thailand has not executed anyone for seven years, but there are still prisoners on death row.About half of them are convicted of drug-related crimes. According to Seree Nonthasoot, Thailand’s National Human Rights Plan of Action (2014-2018) which outlines a plan to abolish the death penalty is a promising step. “But much needs to be done”, he argued and welcomed the recent formation of the Coalition on the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Asean (CADPA) among like-minded persons and groups to campaign for the end of the death penalty. The Malaysians Against Death Penalty and Torture (MADPET) hopes “that there will be no more death penalty in Malaysia by the next World Day” and called in a statement on authorities to impose a moratorium on all executions. In spite that the country is on the verge of abolishing the death penalty, no progress towards meaningful reform, or the establishment of a moratorium, has been made and in 2016 four persons were executed. As of May 16, 2016, there were 1.041 inmates on death row. Brunei Darussalam, Burma and Laos have attained, or are close to attaining, the status of de facto abolitionists. In Brunei Darussalam, there have been no executions since 1957, but courts have continued to impose death sentences. At present, approximately five people are believed to be on death row, according to FIDH. The same situation appears in Laos, where no one has been executed since 1989. Burma’s Parliament has made minor progress in repealing legislation that prescribes the death penalty and in the last 12 months, there was one reported instance of a court imposing a death sentence. It has not executed anyone since 1988, but refuses to establish a moratorium.Indonesia marked a significant step backwards on its path towards abolition, said FIDH. The country continues to carry out executions and over the past year more crimes were added to the list of those punishable by death. As of 4 October 2016, there were 179 inmates on death row, says the report.Only Cambodia and the Philippines have abolished capital punishment, even if this latter, which abolished the death penalty for all crimes in 2006, is considering reinstating it as part of its war on drugs. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1928] => Array ( [objectID] => 4446 [title] => Africa raises its voice against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1477008000 [date] => 21/10/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/africa-raises-its-voice-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/64ab656dbbe9a7c364c1dd83e18c98e7_2-1-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Many African organizations and institutions raised their voices on the occasion of the 14th World Day against the Death Penalty, whose last edition, celebrated on October 10, was dedicated to the use of death penalty for terrorism-related crimes. [texte] => The Working group on the death penalty and extrajudicial, summary and arbitrary executions in Africa of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights urged to the Member States that impose the death penalty for terrorism-related offences to adopt a moratorium.In a statement, the Working group reported that, despite significant improvements towards abolition, there are still countries in the continent that impose the death penalty for terrorism. He also observed that "there is no convincing evidence" that the executions reduce the number of such crimes globally. Instead: “More people, particularly the youth, including girls are continuing to engage in such acts whilst erroneously believing that they are martyrs”.In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the association Pax Christi Uvira organized a conference debate, followed by a comic poetry on the abolition of the death penalty. Lawyers, court advocates, judges, students and other civil society actors brought their ideas to the debate on the application of the death penalty for terrorism and addressed the situation of Congolese law and the problems for abolition.Faustin Bwami, assistant at the Faculty of Law of the Catholic University of Bukavu, said there is no definition of terrorism at present that is unanimously shared worldwide. He provided statistics regarding the use of the death penalty for terrorism in the world, showing that executions have no deterrent effect on this particular issue. Bauwi added that the application of the death penalty is a violation of international human rights standards.Olivier Lungwe trained lawyer and head of the Congolese youth program against the death penalty within Pax Christi Uvira, said that despite the de facto moratorium on executions observed since 2003, the country still maintains the capital punishment in the range of applicable sanctions. He regretted the Law of 31 December 2015, which revised and supplemented the ordinary criminal code by adding three offenses (war crime, crime against humanity and genocide) to those punished with death, while a trend towards abolition is has been traced for more than ten years.Lungwe also explained that the Constitution of the DRC recognizes the sacredness of human life and provides no circumstance in which the right to life may be waived. He argued that his country can do more, by commuting death sentences into life imprisonment and improving prison conditions.In Ghana, the Embassy of France and the local section of Amnesty International celebrated the World Day with a debate on the possible celebration of a referendum on the abolition of the death penalty in the country. In 2011, Ghana's Constitutional Review Commission recommended to the President to abolish the death penalty and the government supported this reform, which should be approved by the people.ACAT Benin and Amnesty International Benin organized a conference debate in Cotonou on the topic of the abolition of the death penalty and state security. The event was accompanied by the collection of signatures and pictures that will be send to the 14 death row inmates in the civil prison Missérété, with a copy to the Government and the National Assembly, to seek the commutation of their sentences.According to the speakers, the insecurity experienced in Benin leads the supporters of the death penalty to address to mob justice because they do not trust the police nor justice. The director of Amnesty International Benin, Marcos Kikan, stressed the importance of celebrating a referendum on the penal code without delay in order to criminalize torture and extrajudicial executions both by public officials and by the people.ACAT also organized a meeting in Liberia, with the participation of the chargée d'affaires of the European Union Emma Sundblad, who congratulated the country for the respect of the moratorium on the death penalty.In Nigeria, the Legal Defence and Assistance Project (LEDAP) co-launched, along with N-Map, the social media campaign #Nodeathpenalty to stop the death penalty. This initiative focuses on the large number of innocent people who wrongfully sentenced to death. The campaign includes the video Innocent Sentenced to Die: Wrongful Incarceration is Nigeria's Death Row, which tackles the case of Owodo Williams, who spent 17 years in prison despite his innocence. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1929] => Array ( [objectID] => 4447 [title] => If I do not accept that a terrorist kills me, I do not accept either to kill a terrorist [timestamp] => 1476748800 [date] => 18/10/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/if-i-do-not-accept-that-a-terrorist-kills-me-i-do-not-accept-either-to-kill-a-terrorist/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/481a44092144388b91eddcdc7955185b_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Khachig Ghosn is a 22-year-old student of social work at the Lebanese University. Three years ago, he witnessed an explosion in Beirut. Despite this dramatic experience, he is against the use of the death penalty and he is convinced that capital executions have no deterrent effect on terrorism.Ghosn is aware that changes in his country take a very long time, but he has a positive long-term vision and hopes that the death penalty will be abolished. [texte] => World Coalition: What is your experience as an activist against the death penalty?Khachig Ghosn: During my university studies, I did an internship with the Association of Justice and Mercy (AJEM) for four months. It works in prisons in Lebanon and helps people who have been incarcerated but who have neither a family nor a job. They come to this site to empower themselves. This association also fights against the death penalty, being the first one to organize interventions, marches and demonstrations on this topic in the country. Working there changed my perspective towards this dilemma. I understood that there are several factors that drive a person to a crime.WC. How has changed your perspective on the death penalty after this internship?KG. Before my internship at AJEM, I supported the death penalty. I thought it was right to kill a person who killed another. This experience made me more mature and more aware, especially after my visit to the central prison. I discovered that prisoners live in deprived conditions. After talking to some prisoners and ex-prisoners, I found out that they had problems at social, psychological, economic and relational level. They need an effective rehabilitation.WC. What is the current situation of the fight against the death penalty in Lebanon?KG. Unfortunately, in Lebanon steps are slow because it has been three years that we do not have a president and two years that the country suffers from the waste crisis, so people are moving to these problems.WC. No execution has been registered since 2004, but Lebanon has not abolished the death penalty yet. Why?KG. I think that the situation will change, but not in the near future, due to internal conflicts between politicians, who do not agree to find concrete solutions to the problems that Lebanon faces.WC. Do you think that Lebanese society has changed his mind on the application of the death penalty in recent years?KG. I think that society does its best to educate people on the abolition of the death penalty, but I do not see any changes.WC. The subject of recently celebrated 14th World Day against the death penalty was terrorism. Do you think the death penalty can have a deterrent effect?KG. I do not think there is a relationship between the two elements, because people responsible for brainwashing that are recruiting terrorists use smart ways to attract young people. Suicide bombers think that dying is a good thing.I do not think that the society will react negatively against this, since Lebanon has been hit several times by terrorism. It's a little strange for the society to easily accept the idea.WC. In relation to your experience, what do you think of the application of the death penalty for terrorists and why?KG. I do not support the death penalty. If I do not accept that a terrorist kills me, I do not accept either to kill a terrorist. I think that terrorists need of rehabilitation rather than execution. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Murder Victims' Families [1] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1930] => Array ( [objectID] => 4448 [title] => Web-Editor [timestamp] => 1476662400 [date] => 17/10/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/web-editor-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is recruiting a Web-editor for its website. [texte] => (Deadline: 7 November 2016)MissionThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition is striving to achieve this aim by organising international campaigns, including the World Day Against the Death Penalty; by supporting national and regional abolitionist forces; and by lobbying international organisations and States.The World Coalition has a website in seven languages (French/ English/ Arabic/ Spanish/ Russian/ Farsi/ Chinese) partly devoted to news of those taking action against the death penalty (www.worldcoalition.org). A “news” page presents the initiatives contributing to reducing the application of the death penalty all around the world. The World Coalition has also developed web pages dedicated to the campaigns of its members and strategies for social media, including Facebook and Twitter, to raise awareness among a wider audience. The World Coalition is looking for a Web-Editor who will have to: • Order, proofread, validate, and publish translated articles;• Manage issues related to the structure of the site (possible bugs, ...);• Manage the relationship with external applications (DailyMotion, Flickr, Facebook, Twitter, google grant ...)• Publish a monthly newsletter in English and French (identify topics, compile and present the information in the newsletter, put out and send the letter to subscribers and update the list of subscribers);• Participate in the creation of multimedia and multilingual editorial content;• Facilitating online communities;• Liaise with other team members, on-site and remote (web developer, translators, director of the World Coalition)• Liaise with members of the World CoalitionProfile / experience- Writing Skills- Editorial Skills- Animation of Websites- Excellent knowledge of French and English. Knowledge of another language is a plus- Knowledge of server technologies as a user (PHP / Databases, HTML).- Knowledge of basic tools of image and video processing (photoshop, editing online videos, etc.).- Knowledge of social media (Facebook, Twitter, ...)Freelance ContractThe World Coalition accepts the following legal status: Self-Employed or Company.Remuneration will be done upon presentation of invoices according to the terms and conditions previously agreed with the World Coalition.Applications (cover letter, CV and references) should be sent by email to the attention of Aurélie Plaçais (contact [at] worldcoalition.org) before 7 November 2016. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1931] => Array ( [objectID] => 4449 [title] => Take Action for World Day 2016! [timestamp] => 1475452800 [date] => 03/10/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-action-for-world-day-2016/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3f3d7b4ede4e17e89b689eb3fd74d017_2-1-500x180.jpg [extrait] => Check what you can do for 10 October. Browse the calendar of events and the map to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day. [texte] => Take action now!The 14th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world.> Organising an event for October 10? Tell us all about it and we will promote it on our Calendar of events! (Please send us: event title, date, time, location, short description and a web link to the event) >Share the interactive map on the death penalty for terrorism-related offences> Spread the word on Facebook and Twitter: #nodeathpenalty> Why some victims of terrorism are against the death penalty? To know more, read and share their Stories > Parliamentarians are essential in furthering the process of abolition: Read and use our Factsheet for Parliamentarians to get in touch with your Mp's> Share the video : Death Penalty does not Deter Terrorism> Click on the map to check the events near you and browse the schedule below to find out what is happening in your country:> Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organise an event, etc. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1932] => Array ( [objectID] => 4450 [title] => Irreversible abolition of the death penalty in Togo and the Dominican Republic [timestamp] => 1474934400 [date] => 27/09/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/irreversible-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-togo-and-the-dominican-republic/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/17e722d7165ad8e8fa72d2c075f134e7_2-1-500x180.png [extrait] => On 14 September 2016, Togo acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the abolition of the death penalty, joined on 21 September 2016 by the Dominican Republic. These accessions make abolition of the death penalty in Togo and the Dominican Republic irreversible. [texte] => A process initiated in 2009 in TogoTogolese MPs abolished the death penalty unanimously on 23 June 2009; the death penalty was then removed from the criminal laws of the country. Since then, Togo voted in favor of the resolutions of the UN General Assembly calling for a universal moratorium on executions. On 21 January 2015, the Togolese Council of Ministers adopted a draft law authorizing accession to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. This law was then adopted unanimously by the Togolese National Assembly on 9 July 2015. Togo finalized the process with the United Nations on 14 September 2016. From a legal perspective, this accession makes the resumption of the death penalty impossible in Togo. From a political perspective, it demonstrates the commitment of Togo for the universal abolition of the death penalty. It comes just before the Universal Periodic Review of Togo by the Human Rights Council of the United Nations to be held on 31 October 2016. The World Coalition calls on Togo to commit to the adoption of the draft additional protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa. Indeed, the World Coalition is conducting a joint campaign with FIACAT, FIDH and DITSHWANELO and their members in sub-Saharan Africa for the adoption of the draft protocol by the African Union.The Dominican Republic accedes to the UN protocol more than 4 years after the American protocolThe Dominican Republic ratified the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty on 27 January 2012, without ratifying his UN counterpart, the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. This was done on 21 September 2016.The Dominican Republic has become the 83th state party to this international treaty. The Togo being the 82nd and the 12th in Africa. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Dominican Republic [1] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1933] => Array ( [objectID] => 4451 [title] => WANTED: Program and Admin Assistant [timestamp] => 1471564800 [date] => 19/08/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/wanted-program-and-admin-assistant/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is looking for an intern for a period of 6 months, starting mid-September. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 140 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition gives a global dimension to the sometimes isolated action taken by its members on the ground. It complements their initiatives, while constantly respecting their independence.Main tasks:The World Coalition is recruiting an intern for a period of 6 months in Paris Area, France. The Intern will be in charge of:• Assisting the Director for the preparation of the international campaigns of the World Coalition and for the update of the Website: www.worldcoalition.org;• Participating in the logistics of World Coalition’s meetings and in the day-to-day management of the organisation.Qualifications:An internship agreement with a university is compulsory• University degree in human rights, law, political sciences or humanities;• Good organisational and writing skills; • Perfect knowledge in one of the following languages: English or French, spoken and written, and working knowledge of the other language required;• Good computer knowledge and skills, in particular Microsoft Office and the Internet; • Willingness to work in a multicultural environment;• Familiarity with topics related to human rights and the death penalty is an asset;• Good knowledge of another language would be a plus.We offer:• An international working environment;• Internship allowance of 500€ / month with an Internship agreement;• Contribution to transportation fees;• Lunch vouchers;• 2,5 days leave per month;Applications (cover letter, CV) should be sent by email to contact [at] worldcoalition.org. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1934] => Array ( [objectID] => 4452 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty in Guinea [timestamp] => 1467676800 [date] => 05/07/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-guinea/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a8dd371b23142d5819e64a96e0ab65d1_2-1-500x333.png [extrait] => Guinean Parliament put an end to Guinea's de facto moratorium by abolishing the death penalty in law in this country. [texte] => As an abolitionist country in practice applying a moratorium on executions since 2002, Guinea finally took it to the next level by choosing to abolish the death penalty in law. On 4 July, the Parliament of Guinea adopted new penal code and a new penal procedure code, in which the capital punishment is plainly absent. The highest penalty now turns out to be the maximum prison term, which is up to 30 years.The secretary of state in charge of Justice, Cheick Sako, fought hard to get these new codes to be adopted, since they are more compatible with the international treaties that Guinea previously ratified, such the Rome Statute of 1998. This abolition occured shortly after the 6th World Congress against the death penalty, which was organized in Oslo from June 21th to 23rd. Guinean MP Fode Amara Bocar Marega, who took part in this Congress, states: “The benefits from Oslo continue (…). The fight goes on with even more conviction”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1935] => Array ( [objectID] => 4453 [title] => “Living with the death penalty” at the World Congress [timestamp] => 1467331200 [date] => 01/07/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/living-with-the-death-penalty-at-the-world-congress/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a58cc07fb553e08680bce523de497f14_2-1.jpg [extrait] => In addition to the academic debates and workshops, the organizers of the Congress had also prepared a nice surprise, on June 22nd, with the main event of their cultural program, soberly entitled “Living with the death penalty”. This event was hosted by Will Francome, a director involved in anti-death penalty work, and represented the opportunity to let these direct “witnesses” of the capital punishment speak about what brought them to be sentenced to death, their experiences on death row, and mostly the journey of their reintegration upon their release from death row. It also allowed relatives of current or former death row inmates to testify of their own fight, in favor of their family member as well as all the other individuals who had to go through this. [texte] => On that evening, the powerful and moving stories of these persons who had to deal with the horrific experience of death row, either directly or through a close relative, echoed in the magnificent hall of the University of Oslo. Just like novices who still have to learn everything about what “living with the death penalty” truly means, we listened carefully to the various stories which were displayed for us, such as Sunny Jacobs’ or Peter Pringle’s ones. These two people were victims of a miscarriage of justice which lead them to be wrongfully sentenced to death in the United States, for Sunny, and in Ireland, for Peter. Once they were exonerated, they chose to create a sanctuary meant to help people who also suffered from the injustice of the capital punishment. Then, Suzan Kigula, another former death row inmate in Uganda, explained how she worked hard while in prison in order to become a lawyer and to be consequently able to prove her innocence. A few months ago, she finally managed to do so, and now that she is out of death row, she takes the opportunity to share her experience with others.Afterwards, Hideko Hakamada related the harrowing story of her brother Iwao Hakamada, who happened to be the world’s longest-serving prisoner on death row. The event was closed with the testimonies of Byson Kaula, former death row inmate in Malawi who now volunteers as a teacher in his country’s prisons, of Ndume Olatushani, former death row prisoner in the United States who became a painter and now takes part in the artistic project “Windows on death row”, and of Sandrine Ageorges-Skinner, who is the wife of Hank Skinner (sentenced to death in Texas) and also corresponded with death row prisoners. These eclectic stories, which are yet all reflective of the same fierce will to overcome that painful experience in order to live again, allow us to grasp the reality of the death penalty from an on-the-ground perspective. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1936] => Array ( [objectID] => 4454 [title] => The World Coalition gathers in Oslo [timestamp] => 1467244800 [date] => 30/06/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-world-coalition-gathers-in-oslo/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/274d8f4178bd37a6fa725dfa8f928975_2-1.jpg [extrait] => On the occasion of the 6th World Congress Against the Death Penalty held on 21-23 June this year, the World Coalition gathered in Oslo, with about 150 delegates attending the Congress representing more than 50 member organizations. [texte] => On the day of the Opening Ceremony of the World Congress, the World Coalition held a meeting of its Steering Committee. One of the issues on the agenda was the preparation of the World Day Against the Death Penalty that in 2016 will be focused on the death penalty and terrorism.The slogan of this year World Day is “Execution is a terrorist’s tool. STOP the cycle of violence”. The tools to celebrate the World Day have been finalized, they have been distributed at the World Coalition’s stand at the “Village of abolition” established in Oslo during the Congress and they are being sent in these weeks to all the members in order for them to organize events all over the world on 10 October.After the meeting of the Steering Committee, the World Coalition members that were present at the Congress took part in a “Meet&Greet” event during which a screening of the animated documentary “Last Day of Freedom” by Dee Hibbert-Jones and Nomi Talisman has been held. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Norway ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1937] => Array ( [objectID] => 4455 [title] => Roundtable on terrorism at the 6th World Congress against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1467072000 [date] => 28/06/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/roundtable-on-terrorism-at-the-6th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5782404bb6372da1b6cabc2302ad242e_2-1.jpg [extrait] => From 21th to 23rd of June, the 6th World Congress against the death penalty took place in Oslo. These three days constituted an opportunity to gather the civil society, the political actors and lawyers worldwide, in order to discuss strategies aiming at abolishing the death penalty around the world. Among the noteworthy debates which were organized during this congress, the roundtable that was dedicated to terrorism (being also the theme of the next World Day against the death penalty, organized by the World Coalition) raised significant issues related to the use of the death penalty while countering terrorism. [texte] => The panel of this debate was made of Basma Khalfaoui (Tunisian lawyer and human rights militant, whose husband, politician Chokri Belaid, was murdered in 2013), Guillaume Colin (member of FIACAT who was representing absent Chadian lawyer Solomon Nodjitoloum), Azam Nazeer Tarar (advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan) and Florence Bellivier (member of the FIDH who was replacing FIDH MENA specialist Claire Talon). In the light of their own experiences linked to this matter, they all dealt with the political use of the death penalty to counter terrorism and the most appropriate way to address the arguments for retaining the death penalty in cases of terrorism.The compatibility of the fights against terrorism and against death penalty in TunisiaBasma Khalfaoui asserted her strong support to the abolition of the death penalty in her country and elsewhere, despite her husband’s political assassination, which was probably performed by a radicalized Salafist group. She also rightfully reminded that the fight against terrorism isn’t incompatible with the fight against the death penalty, which doesn’t seem obvious in a state that recently adopted a law providing the capital sentence for terrorism-related crimes. Indeed, she declared: “I don’t say ‘I am against terrorism and against the death penalty’ but ‘I am against terrorism, and that’s why I am against the death penalty’”. A problematic widening of the application of the death penalty for terrorist actions in ChadGuillaume Colin talked about the problematic and sudden broadening of the death penalty to terrorism-related crimes in Chad. He worried about the unfair measures contained in the Law repressing terrorist acts, passed in July 2015, and about the unfair execution of ten suspected members of Boko Haram shortly after in the name of counterterrorism. He also stressed how difficult it was to advocate for the abolition of the death penalty in a country which predominantly considers this sentence as the fittest to prevent terrorism. Skyrocketting executions since the end of the moratorium in PakistanAzam Nazeer Tarar presented, in a very detailed way, the harmful effects resulting from the lift of the moratorium on executions, which happened after the terrorist attack against a school in Peshawar in December 2014. Among the worrying list of figures which were given by this advocate, only one execution in ten, among the 405 in total between December 2014 and June 2016, was carried out for terrorism. A quite cynical sentence, reportedly said by a state-appointed lawyer to a person accused of terrorism that he was defending, summarizes well the desperate situation of people facing terrorist charges in Pakistan: “No one leaves the antiterrorism court without a death sentence”. A political unrest resulting in executions of opponents in EgyptAs a conclusion, Florence Bellivier dedicated her presentation to the Egyptian situation and to the use of the death penalty while countering terrorism, recalling that most death sentences in Egypt are passed for political reasons, which can be related to the ban on demonstrations for instance. It mainly resulted into the problematic weakening of civil society and political opponents, including people linked to the Muslim Brotherhood, who are often described as terrorists and may, as such, face a potential death sentence. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Norway ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1938] => Array ( [objectID] => 4456 [title] => Event on the UNGA resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty at the World Congress [timestamp] => 1466985600 [date] => 27/06/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/event-on-the-unga-resolution-for-a-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-at-the-world-congress/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f0d6181ac63355c7ec47027bcc217471_2-1-500x258.png [extrait] => In the context of the 6th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition together with Hands Off Cain and Amnesty International co-hosted a side event focusing on the 6th UNGA resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, whose adoption will be decided in New York in December this year. [texte] => The UNGA moratorium resolutionThe UNGA has adopted a resolution calling for a moratorium on executions with a view to abolish the death penalty for the first time in 2007, then in 2008 and hence every two years. Elisabetta Zamparutti, Treasurer of Hands Off Cain noted that the adoption of the UNGA resolution speeded up the abolitionist trend, certifying the development of an ever-growing international consensus against the death penalty, as it has been adopted with an increasing number of votes in favor and abstentions and a less votes ‘against’.The 6th UNGA moratorium resolution to be approved next DecemberNevertheless, it will not be an easy task for the abolitionist movement to see a growth in the number of countries voting in favor in 2016. Even securing the remarkable result obtained in 2014 (with 117 votes in favor, 38 against, 34 abstentions and 4 absents) will be challenging.Chiara Sangiorgio, Advisor on the Death Penalty at Amnesty International, stressed how the recent resumption of executions in countries that had engaged, at different levels, in a path towards the abolition by abstaining or voting in favor of the moratorium resolution threatens the positive trend established since 2007. Chad, Jordan, Indonesia are all countries that have shown sets back and the hope is that these negative developments will not be further confirmed by a change of vote.The importance of champion countries: Mongolia sets an example for AsiaIn order for the campaign to be successful and to involve new countries, a key role will be played by those champion countries that having walked the entire path towards abolition and can share their experience regarding the strategy and the steps that led them to the total abolition.Among these, this year a leadership role will be played by Mongolia, a country that officially banned capital punishment from its legislation in 2015, after six years of moratorium and the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR in 2012.Bayartsetseg Jigmiddash, Secretary of State for Justice of Mongolia, reaffirmed the commitment of Mongolia to co-sponsor the UNGA moratorium and to set an example for other Asian countries, launching a clear message: "Mongolia abolished the death penalty. We have done it. Why don’t other countries join us?" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1939] => Array ( [objectID] => 4457 [title] => Abolition of the death penalty in Nauru [timestamp] => 1464912000 [date] => 03/06/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-nauru/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/258c0ef5e26d3f2342a0bac4ba004a01_2-1-500x250.jpg [extrait] => Nauru recently ended its de facto moratorium by abolishing the death penalty in law. [texte] => Even though Nauru retained the capital punishment in its legislation, it was in fact an abolitionist country in practice, since it hadn’t performed any execution since its independence in 1968.In May 2016, Nauru passed a few amendments abolishing the death penalty in its Criminal Code and thus took a final step towards abolition.This move undoubtedly demonstrates Nauru’s will to comply with its international commitments and to promote human rights' values, which sends a strong signal to other countries of the Pacific region, still applying or retaining that cruel punishment. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nauru ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1940] => Array ( [objectID] => 4458 [title] => Iran: 16-Year Prison Sentence For Peaceful Human Rights Activism [timestamp] => 1464480000 [date] => 29/05/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iran-16-year-prison-sentence-for-peaceful-human-rights-activism/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c01f6685e58dd3dab9d73bf1cb8782d5_2-1-500x293.jpg [extrait] => An Iranian Court has sentenced the prominent human rights defender Narges Mohammadi to 16 years in prison. She was sentenced to 10 years in prison for her peaceful anti-death penalty activities with the Campaign "LEGAM" (Step by step for abolition of the death penalty). Iran Human Rights (IHR) calls for immediate international reactions. Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, the spokesperson of IHR, said: " Despite President Rouhani's promises of respecting civil rights, Iranian authorities' tolerance for peaceful civil activities is record low". [texte] => Iran Human Rights (MAY 19 2016): Branch 15 of Tehran Revolution Court under Judge Salavati has sentenced Narges Mohammadi to a total of 16 years of prison. She was sentenced to 10 years in prison for the charges of "founding the illegal group of LEGAM" (Step by step towards the abolition of the death penalty), five years for "assembly and activities against the national security" and one year for "propaganda against the establishment". Narges Mohammadi'd husband Taghi Rahmani told IHR that "According to the judge, the verdict was written by the Ministry of Intelligence and just issued by the judge. Narges has been sentenced to 16 years in prison 10 years of which can be implemented (according to article 134 of the penal code). Narges was never the founder of LEGAM, but just a member. The fact that the Judge has sentenced her to 10 years in prison for founding LEGAM shows that the judge is not independent and this is a purely political verdict without any legal value". Narges Mohammadi was previously sentenced to 11 years in prison for her human rihts activities but was released on bail in July 2012 due to poor health conditions. She came under intensive attack by the state-run media and summoned several times for interrogation following a meeting with Catherin Ashton in March 2014. She was again arrested in May 2015 after she was summoned by the Branch 15 of Tehran Revolution Court under for the charges she was sentenced to 16 years imprisonment on 18 May 2016.IHR strongly condemns the illegal verdic issued for Narges Mohammadi. Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam said: " We call on the EU, UN and all countries with diplomatic relations with Iran to demand Narges Mohammadi's immediate release". He added: "The fact that peaceful activities against the death penalty are sentenced to 10 years in prison shows that the Iranian authorities consider the death penalty as an important tool for their survival". [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1941] => Array ( [objectID] => 4459 [title] => Closing ceremony of the project « My pencil for abolition » at the French Ministry of foreign affairs [timestamp] => 1464307200 [date] => 27/05/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/closing-ceremony-of-the-project-my-pencil-for-abolition-at-the-french-ministry-of-foreign-affairs/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8a3329ed2cda37bfb8438d280aab36d5_2-1-500x316.jpg [extrait] => On May 23rd, 2016, the closing ceremony of the project “My pencil for abolition” took place at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This project was organized by the team of “Educating and Raising Awareness on Abolition” in the association Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM): it consisted in involving a few middle and high school’s classes, from Lorraine, Belfort and the Parisian region, in the elaboration of articles and cartoons in order to create a magazine committed to the abolition of the death penalty, known as the Abolition Mag. [texte] => This ceremony, supervised by the ambassador of Human Rights at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ms. Patrizianna Sparacino-Thiellay, represented the opportunity to deliver various awards to the students who took part to this project and to unanimously pay tribute to the extraordinary quality of the work that they achieved. It must be noted that this project couldn’t have been successfully completed without the enthusiastic involvement of numerous partners, who were all present at the closing ceremony: there were militants of the abolitionist cause (such as Sandrine Ageorges-Skinner), the French Association of the Victims of Terrorism (represented by its director Guillaume Denoix de Saint Marc), the association Cartooning for Peace, the association Draw Create Freedom, as well as journalists from various media (such as le Républicain Lorrain). The Abolition Mag thus constitutes an inspiring example of what young committed people can do and allows to have faith in a bright future that will see this next generation of abolitionists strongly advocate for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide!Besides, copies, both in French and English, of this magazine will be released during the 6th World Congress against the death penalty, that will take place in Oslo, Norway, from June 21th to 23r. It will undoubtedly demonstrate the impressive commitment of a young generation of French abolitionists to the international audience which is expected at this event.Pictures of this event are available on ECPM’s Facebook page. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1942] => Array ( [objectID] => 4460 [title] => Release of the Death Penalty India Report [timestamp] => 1463702400 [date] => 20/05/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/release-of-the-death-penalty-india-report/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/11c162ba789ea6fd245d7005e85c82f1_2-1-500x332.png [extrait] => A report describing the socio-economic profiles of death row inmates in India was recently released by the National Law University’s Death Penalty Research Project (based in New Delhi). [texte] => The Center on the Death Penalty, hosted by National Law University of Delhi, recently released a very interesting report produced as part of its Death Penalty Research Project. This project sought to answer questions regarding the socio-economic profile of prisoners sentenced to death in India while looking into the process of death sentencing in itself. By means of meaningful statistics and case studies, this report manages to enlighten some aspects of the death penalty in India which are generally not fully explored and triggers a sociological discussion on these thorny issues that goes beyond the legal analysis of Supreme Court judgments.Even though this report makes clear that it isn’t meant to take a particular position on the subject of the abolition of the death penalty, its analysis raises fundamental questions about the obvious breaches of the judiciary system in India. This report thus provides an in-depth understanding of the application of the death penalty in India and is, as such, a must-read! [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1943] => Array ( [objectID] => 4461 [title] => The World Coalition mission in Tanzania and the project on Sub-Saharan Africa [timestamp] => 1461801600 [date] => 28/04/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-world-coalition-mission-in-tanzania-and-the-project-on-sub-saharan-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/794a5e9f1984fe7077407013ff1d8024_2-1-500x299.jpg [extrait] => In the context of the new project to increase mobilization towards the abolition of the death penalty in Africa, from 15 to 19 April 2016 the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has been engaged in several important activities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Tanzania is a country that still retains the death penalty in its laws though it is abolitionist in practice, the last execution took place in 1994. [texte] => The fight of the members of the World Coalition for the abolition in law of the death penalty in Tanzania In Tanzania, the fight for abolition is enhanced by the two Tanzanian members of the World Coalition: the Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) – that co-sponsored the training session – and the Children Education Society (CHESO).The LHRC is a well-established NGO that since 1995 has been engaged in many projects promoting the protection of human rights in Tanzania, which clearly encompass the right to life. Among its numerous activities, every year the LHRC publishes a report on the situation of human rights in Tanzania with the 2015 Tanzania Human Rights Report being launched this month. CHESO, founded in 2006, is a Tanzanian NGO focusing on children’s rights that fights against the death penalty by conducting awareness raising activities aimed at teaching children the importance of the protection of the right to life.The Steering Committee MeetingOn 15-16 April the World Coalition held in Dar es Salaam a meeting of its Steering Committee discussing, among other issues, the World Congress that will be held in Oslo in June and the tools developed for the 2016 World Day Against the Death Penalty, that will be focused on the death penalty and terrorism. This is a landmark moment for the Coalition as it is the first Steering Committee session held in Sub-Saharan Africa.The Training SessionThe main focus of the mission to Tanzania was a training session on advocacy towards the abolition of the death penalty in Sub Saharan Africa. From 17 to 18 April more than 30 participants coming from Botswana, Cameroon, the DRC, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mauritania, Niger, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Uganda representing World Coalition member organizations based in retentionist Sub Saharan Africa gathered to share ideas, strategies and tools to support the abolitionist campaign in Africa, particularly focusing on the adoption of the Protocol to the ACHPR on the death penalty. The WCADP visits embassies and institutions in Dar es SalaamWhile in Dar es Salaam, the World Coalition delegation had the opportunity to meet with the Head of the Delegation of the European Union to Tanzania, HE Roeland van de Geer, and his team and with the French Ambassador to Tanzania, HE Mme Malika Berak and other diplomats working at the French Mission.The World Coalition delegation also visited the UN Office in Tanzania, where they have been received by Chitralekha Massey, UN Senior Human Rights Advisor in Dar es Salaam. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1944] => Array ( [objectID] => 4462 [title] => Congo’s Presidential Election Strengthens the Controversial New Constitution that Abolished Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1461110400 [date] => 20/04/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/congos-presidential-election-strengthens-the-controversial-new-constitution-that-abolished-capital-punishment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8151c37575ed260a8052bebaad26a6f5_2-1-500x333.png [extrait] => On March 20, 2016, a tense presidential election in the Republic of the Congo resulted in the re-election of President Denis Sassou Nguesso, who has been in power for a total of 32 years. One of the election’s least discussed outcomes is its solidification of the new constitution that President Sassou introduced last year and that provides for abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => A controversial referendum led to abolition of the death penaltyIn October 2015, President Denis Sassou Nguesso announced his intention to hold a referendum on a new constitution. The proposed constitution would lift the existing age and term limits that constitutionally prevented him from running for a third consecutive term in office. The reform unleashed mass political protests as Congolese opposition parties and their supporters contested what they perceived as an illegitimate and undemocratic attempt to remain in office. There was little political discussion, however, around the constitutional provision abolishing capital punishment. After a brief campaign marred by partisan violence, the new constitution, including the abolition of the death penalty, was approved by referendum. Opposition parties contested the referendum results, but they were confirmed by the Constitutional Court and the new constitution was promulgated on November 6, 2015.Death penalty was historically little required in Congo, which made its abolition easier Although Congolese law contemplates applying the death penalty to a wide range of offenses, capital punishment has in practice been rarely applied over the past 30 years. The Republic of Congo was long considered an abolitionist de facto state: it has not carried out an execution since 1982, and the number of death sentences handed down by its courts has declined steeply since 2000. Congo’s shift towards abolition has been visible at the international level, where it voted in favor of all five UN General Assembly resolutions calling for a universal moratorium on capital punishment. Given the death penalty’s effective disappearance from the criminal justice system, and with political conditions favoring legal abolition, constitutional review provided an opportunity to immediately abolish the death penalty in Congolese law. It is now likely that the National Assembly will soon introduce a law abolishing capital punishment as part of broader reforms of the Congolese Criminal Code.Is the future of abolition in this country now assured? Electoral timing may have had an effect on the pathway to formal abolition, since its elevation to a constitutional norm is widely believed to have been a strategic political move intended to enhance the overall appeal of the constitution, especially vis-à-vis the international community. Abolition – which was not contested in the wake of the referendum – has however long been promoted by the country’s human rights organizations and enjoys the support of most of Congo’s political elite. Rights groups believe it likely that the country was poised to eliminate the death penalty by other means had the constitutional review not taken place.The unrest surrounding the constitutional referendum raised concerns about the longevity of the constitution guaranteeing abolition, but the recent political election, which proceeded without violence, has solidified the new political framework and entrenched abolition.it is hoped that abolition will be followed by broader reforms of the Congolese criminal justice system, which is severely underfunded and has been reported to suffer from corruption and inefficiency. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1945] => Array ( [objectID] => 4463 [title] => 58th Extraordinary Session of the ACHPR: a strong commitment of African states to a treaty providing the abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1460592000 [date] => 14/04/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/58th-extraordinary-session-of-the-achpr-a-strong-commitment-of-african-states-to-a-treaty-providing-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8e28b05655fe19686f2de03e66ba3873_2-1-500x278.jpg [extrait] => During the 58th Extraordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), the Working Group of the ACHPR on the death penalty in Africa, in partnership with the World Coalition, the FIACAT and the FIDH, organized a panel discussion about the death penalty in Africa, on April 16, 2016. [texte] => This panel aimed at raising awareness among the present representatives of member states of the African Union, the National Commissions of Human Rights, and civil society organizations, about the necessity of supporting the ratification process of the draft Protocol, at the level of the African Union, as well as its entry into force.Commissioner Maya Sahli Fadel introduced the text of this draft African Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty and explained the reasons why the States should support it. It is about an African instrument of Human Rights protection, guaranteeing both the respect of the right to life and of the will of states.Two representatives of member states of the African Union spoke during this panel: they expressed their support for this draft Protocol. Thus, John Jeffrery, as the Vice-Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development in South Africa, reminded of the process that led his country to abolition. These punishments being inhuman and discriminatory to him, he assured his country’s support for this draft Protocol. Dr. André Kamaté, Director of the promotion of Human Rights in the Ministry of Human Rights and Public Policies in Côte d’Ivoire, confirmed the support of his country for the draft Protocol. He also asserted that the project of presidential decree was currently being implemented in Côte d’Ivoire, in order to allow this country to join the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.In April 2015, during its 56th Ordinary Session, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights adopted an additional draft Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, focused on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa, and handed it over to the African Union. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1946] => Array ( [objectID] => 4464 [title] => Death sentences and executions in 2015 [timestamp] => 1460246400 [date] => 10/04/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2015/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7e2bdfa958d9201b448fb55c4bec11b2_2-1-500x272.jpg [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2015. As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives; reporting by other civil society organizations; and media reports. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. [texte] => The global figures on the use of the death penalty in 2015 revealed two starkly divergent developments. On one hand, four countries abolished the death penalty, reinforcing the long-term trend towards global abolition. On the other hand, the number of executions recorded by Amnesty International during the year increased by more than 50% compared to 2014 and constituted the highest total that Amnesty International has reported since 1989, excluding China.More than two thirds of the countries in the world have now abolished the death penalty in law or practice. As of 31 December 2015 the numbers were as follows:Abolitionist for all crimes: 102Abolitionist for ordinary crimes only: 6Abolitionist in practice: 32Total abolitionist in law or practice: 140Retentionist: 58 [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1947] => Array ( [objectID] => 4465 [title] => With 969 executions, 2015 turns out to be the deadliest year in Iran since 1990 [timestamp] => 1459728000 [date] => 04/04/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/with-969-executions-2015-turns-out-to-be-the-deadliest-year-in-iran-since-1990/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8daa98b6ba493ec8048416f2bbeaa049_2-1.png [extrait] => This 8th annual report (released by Iran Human Rights and Ensemble contre la peine de mort) deals with the number of executions, the trend compared to previous years, the charges, the geographic distribution, as well as the monthly breakdown of the executions in Iran in 2015. These two organizations have been collaborating since 2011, in order to provide annual assessment and analysis of the death penalty trends in Iran. The 2015 report is the result of hard work from IHR members and supporters who took part in the documenting, analyzing and writing of its content. [texte] => General comments on death penalty in 2015 in IranAccording to the report, the main noticeable trend of 2015 is the 29% increase in executions (reaching the number of 969) compared to 2014. Since the first annual report by IHR in 2008 the number of executions increased by about 300%. With 969 executions, 2015 was the year with the highest number of executions since 1990. Despite the hope of an improvement in Human Rights issues under the presidency of Hassan Rouhani, it must be reminded that, since his election in June 2013, at least 2162 people have been executed. A comparison between the 2.5 years after Hassan Rouhani’s election and the 2.5 years before his election show an increase of 43% in the number of executions. Focus on death penalty applied to drug-related offensesThis report stresses the fact that the number of capital crimes in Iran is among the highest in the world. Many of the charges (such possessing or selling illicit drugs) are not considered as the most serious crimes and therefore do not meet the ICCPR minimum standards. Indeed, in the year when the UN put emphasis on human rights in the international fight against drug trafficking, Iran executed more than 638 people for drug offences, which makes 2015 the deadliest year since 1990 as for drug-related executions in this country. Yet, in a will to fight drug offenses in a different way, 70 members of Iran’s Parliament reportedly signed, in December 2015, a proposal for a change in legislation in order to end the death penalty for drug offenses. The proposal calls for a life sentence instead of death for drug offenders who have not been involved in armed drug trafficking. Most likely, the change in rhetoric, which hopefully will lead to a change in legislation, is the result of international pressure on the Iranian authorities, on UNODC and on the European countries cooperating with UNODC in fighting drug trafficking in Iran. Worrying trends regarding public executions, women and juvenilesAlthough international criticism and debate inside the country was quite sharp on the matter, Iranian authorities continued to carry out public executions: 57 executions were reportedly conducted in public spaces in 2015.Besides, in violation of its international obligations, Iran remains as one of the few countries sentencing juveniles to death and it executes more juvenile offenders than any other country in the world. At least 3 juvenile offenders were among those executed in 2015.Finally, according to reports gathered by IHR, at least 19 women were executed in 2015 in Iran.Encouraging trends for the future of death penalty in IranHowever, some promising signs inside Iran are underlined in this report. For instance, the movement against the death penalty seems to have been continuously growing. An increasing number families of murder victims were thus encouraged to choose forgiveness instead of the death penalty. In 2015, the number of the families of murder victims who chose forgiveness was higher than the number of those who asked for a retribution death sentence for the murder convict.On the occasion of launching this annual report, IHR and ECPM called on Iran’s European partners to make more effort to reduce the death penalty in Iran. Indeed, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, the Director of IHR, said “Europe and European companies cannot be silent witnesses to Iran’s horrendous death penalty record. Upgrading business relationship with the Iranian authorities must be conditioned on restriction of the use of the death penalty. The growing abolitionist civil society inside Iran, and Iran’s need for foreign investments provide a rare opportunity for Europe to contribute to limiting the use of the death penalty and improving human rights in Iran”. Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, the Executive Director of ECPM added “We call on Iran to impose a moratorium on the death penalty for drug related offences, while it is considering a new legislation of the Anti-drug law. We also ask the Iranian authorities to give special consideration to the most vulnerable groups in the Iranian society, including Afghan citizens”. These organizations also called on the UNODC to cease its law enforcement cooperation against drug trafficking and to condition future support on a moratorium on the death penalty for drug related offences. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1948] => Array ( [objectID] => 4466 [title] => Internship opportunity at Centre on the Death Penalty, NLU Delhi [timestamp] => 1459468800 [date] => 01/04/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/internship-opportunity-at-centre-on-the-death-penalty-nlu-delhi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Centre on the Death Penalty is keen to develop a robust and rewarding internship programme that will provide meaningful exposure to the complexities and nuances, in particular, of the administration of the death penalty and the criminal justice system in India more generally, therefore the centre introduces internship program where they accept interns on rolling basis. [texte] => Eligibility: The internship is open to students in India and other countries, enrolled in a recognized undergraduate or post-graduate programme in the law, humanities, social sciences, management or media and communications.Duration: Internships are full-time and for a period of a minimum 4 weeks to a maximum of 12 weeks. Candidates must indicate the exact dates in their application. Interns shall be based out of our offices on the NLU Delhi campus in Sector 14. Dwarka, New Delhi 100078.Remuneration: Interns will be paid a stipend of Rs 10,000 (Rupees Ten ThousandOnly) for every 4 week period of internship undergone.How to Apply: The interested candidates must send their applications addressed to the Director, Centre on the Death Penalty and sent by email to nidhi.thakur@nludelhi.ac.in and deathpenalty@nludelhi.ac.in . The subject of the email should be "Application for Internship".The application must accompany the following information: Curriculum Vitae Cover Letter indicating the programme enrolled in, current year of study, name of the university and the exact dates of the internship Statement of Purpose of not more than 500 words explaining their interest in interning with the Centre.> Read more about the call for intership: http://www.nludelhi.ac.in/UploadedImages/d9019b31-7ea0-46fb-a40f-8589f99bbca8.pdf> Read more about the Death Penalty Research Project: http://www.deathpenaltyindia.com/ [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1949] => Array ( [objectID] => 4467 [title] => According to Taiwanese civil society, new President Tsai Ing-wen might relaunch debate on the abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1459382400 [date] => 31/03/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/according-to-taiwanese-civil-society-new-president-tsai-ing-wen-might-relaunch-debate-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Even though Taiwanese general mindset appears to be quite in favor of death penalty, Taiwanese civil society expects some changes to happen in the application of death penalty under the presidency of Tsai Ing-wen. In his article “Taiwan: Can Tsai Ing-Wen Change the Politics of Death?”, Michael Caster - graduate student at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, as well as human rights advocate and civil society consultant based in East Asia – quotes Executive Director of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, Lin Hsin-yi, on that controversial matter. [texte] => A more suitable political context on the pathway to abolition? “While capital punishment remains relatively popular in Taiwan, Lin Hsin-yi, Executive Director of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, has pointed out that none of the KMT lawmakers who attacked the DPP over the abolition of the death penalty have been reelected. For her, “this congress is more friendly to human rights.” What will this mean for the death penalty in Taiwan?” (…)“The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) has observed that, “all the executions since 2010, when the four-year moratorium was lifted, took place when the government approval rate was low.”The new president has to deal with conflicting pressure on the abolition of the death penalty“While advocates for the abolition of the death penalty have felt Tsai Ing-wen hasn’t been explicit enough in her position, KMT lawmakers have challenged her for supporting abolition. Among them was Alex Tsai, who was quite vocal on pro-death penalty issues during his campaign but was ultimately not reelected. This failure for pro-death penalty lawmakers points to a possible decrease in voter emphasis on maintaining the death penalty. This presents the best opening for a return to a moratorium and steps toward abolition without sacrificing political capital for the DPP.” (…)“Tsai Ing-wen is likely to face conflicting pressure moving forward, says Lin of TAEDP. The new president may face public pressure to carry out an execution from those in favor of continuing the death penalty.”The Taiwanese civil society urges President Tsai to implement a moratorium on executions“Until a more thorough investigation into the use and potential political abuse of the death penalty takes place, Taiwanese human rights groups say Tsai should announce an immediate moratorium. She should promise to more closely implement the ICCPR and encourage the Legislative Yuan to establish a National Human Rights Commission in line with the Paris Principles. Although in December the Executive Yuan granted a Freedom of Information Request filed by TAEPD last August requesting the Ministry of Justice to reveal its decision making process on signing execution orders, the system remains far from transparent. How Tsai responds to these issues leading up to and following her inauguration in May will matter.”Link to the full article: http://thediplomat.com/2016/02/taiwan-can-tsai-ing-wen-change-the-politics-of-death/ [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1950] => Array ( [objectID] => 4468 [title] => Video about the death penalty in the Palestinian Territories [timestamp] => 1457481600 [date] => 09/03/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/video-about-the-death-penalty-in-the-palestinian-territories/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since the establishment of the Palestinian Authority, in 1994, 172 death sentences have been issued in the territories under its authority, of which 30 in the West Bank and 142 in the Gaza Strip, 87 since Hamas gained the control of the area in 2007. The video points out arguments against the death penalty: it is ineffective, irreversible, against human dignity and it has no deterrence effect as proved by the high criminal rate shared by the countries which use it most. Besides, while the Islamic Law regards it as a right of the relatives of the victim, the Shaaria also supports forgiveness and compensation. [texte] => Executions and extrajudicial killings Regarding the use of the death penalty in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, the PCHR is particularly concerned about the lack of guarantees of fair trial, the widespread disrespect of the domestic legal procedures and the absence of technical expertise with regards to forensic laboratories and investigation that can – and do - seriously undermine the rights of the convicted and easily lead to fatal mistakes. The situation in Palestine is a very complex one, with sentences issued both by the Palestinian Authority and by Hamas, whose executions are more to be regarded as extrajudicial killings.Ishteiwi caseThe last execution that took place in the Gaza Strip is that of Mahmoud Rushdi Ishteiwi, a member of the Al-Qassam Brigades – the military wing of Hamas – that has been announced on 7 February 2016. The death of Ishteiwi came at the hand of the same armed group he was part of and it was due to “behavioral and moral excesses”. Ishteiwi’s execution has been defined by the PCHR as “an assault to the rule of law” that “might institutionalize a serious case of extrajudicial execution” and has also been denounced by the Human Rights and Democracy Media Center (SHAMS) that “strongly condemns executing death penalty against the citizen according to weak and false evidence”.Apart from the extrajudicial executions carried out by Hamas, no death sentence has been applied in the Gaza Strip since the formation of the Palestinian Unity Government in June 2014 and while this constitutes a positive development per se, the hope is that this trend could pave the way for the total abolition of the death penalty under the Palestinian Law and that the guarantees of a fair trial conducted by the legitimate and competent court will be respected all over Palestine.Link to video: http://pchrgaza.org/en/?p=7565 [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1951] => Array ( [objectID] => 4469 [title] => A World Without the Death Penalty – IX Congress of the Ministers of Justice [timestamp] => 1456704000 [date] => 29/02/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-world-without-the-death-penalty-ix-congress-of-the-ministers-of-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 22 February 2016, the representatives of more than twenty countries gathered in Rome for the 9th International Congress of the Ministers of Justice « A World without the death penalty », organized by the Community of Sant’Egidio and hosted by the Italian Chamber of Deputies. Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Congo, El Salvador, Guinea Conakry, Cȏte d’Ivoire, Mali, Mongolia, Rwanda, Somalia, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Timor-Leste, Togo, Uganda, Viet Nam, Zimbabwe are the countries who joined Italy in the last edition of this annual conference. [texte] => A Congress that brings together both abolitionist and retentionist countriesIn the words of Marco Impagliazzo, President of the Sant’Egidio Community, the Congress was an occasion to “relay the call of Pope Francis for a moratorium on the death penalty”; a spirit of dialogue and cooperation animated the Congress in Rome which constituted an opportunity to celebrate the most recent achievements in the fight against the death penalty, to share good practices but more importantly to offer support and legal assistance to the countries where the death penalty is still a possibility but who are willing to engage on the path towards the suspension of the executions or the total abolition of capital punishment.In this sense, Honourable Mnangagwa, the Vice-President and Minister of Justice of Zimbabwe, a retentionist country that joined the Congress, stated that “at the opportune time, surely we will not hesitate to expunge capital punishment from our laws” and hopes have been raised also for Sierra Leone, whose Minister of Justice Kamara announced that the Constitutional Review Committee is considering, among other issues, even the abolition of capital punishment.“No justice without life” in times of terrorismEspecially in a time when a “culture of death”, that convinces individuals to be happy to die when this sacrifice provokes the death of enemies, is being spread by terrorist organizations all over the world, a “culture of life” must be strongly reaffirmed. As noted by Honourable Marazziti, the temptation to fight death with death is a strong one and we have witnessed how even some Western democracies have indulged in it. Making countries who have a tradition of respect of human rights and the rule of law surrender to this temptation is precisely what terrorism wants to achieve.The extensive use of the death penalty for terrorism related offences – that often do not constitute the ‘most serious crimes’, as required by international law for capital punishment to be tolerated in view of total abolition – and the resumption of executions justified under anti-terrorism laws in countries with an established moratorium make terrorism and counterterrorism a most relevant issue to explore in the context of the death penalty abolition campaign.The 2016 World Day Against the Death Penalty, on 10 October this year will thus focus on the death penalty for terrorism, its slogan being “Execution is a terrorist’s tool. Stop the cycle of violence”.On the page of the website of the Community of Sant’Egidio devoted to the event, videos of the Congress and transcripts of the speeches can be found: http://www.santegidio.org/pageID/3/langID/it/itemID/15512/Un-mondo-senza-pena-di-morte-una-battaglia-per-l-umanit%C3%A0-il-IX-Congresso-dei-Ministri-della-Giustizia.html [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1952] => Array ( [objectID] => 4470 [title] => Program Officer [timestamp] => 1456099200 [date] => 22/02/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/program-officer/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => PGA is recruiting a Programme Officer for its Hague office. [texte] => The Programme Officer will work under the supervision of the Secretary-General of PGA, and in close collaboration with other officers in the implementation of the Campaigns in specific target-countries and regarding thematic objectives. The Programme Officer will be based in PGA’s office in The Hague.This appointment will be subject to a probation period of 3 months, and will be made initially for 1 year, with possibility of renewal and subsequent extension depending on funding availability and performance. The selected candidate is expected to be available for this position, ideally from 15 March 2016. Applications should be e-mailed to: denhaag@pgaction.orgDeadline for applications: 25 February 2016For a full list of responsibilities and required qulifications, please click here. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1953] => Array ( [objectID] => 4471 [title] => Research Assistant [timestamp] => 1454889600 [date] => 08/02/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/research-assistant/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Death Penalty Worldwide of Cornell University Law School and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty invite applications for a five-month internship placement in Paris from March to July 2016. [texte] => (Deadline for candidacy: 22 February 2016Students with an internship agreement with a university only)Death Penalty Worldwide (http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org) is a research and advocacy center that focuses on providing reliable, current information on capital punishment around the world and engages in the promotion of international human rights norms within the criminal justice process. The Death Penalty Worldwide database was created in partnership with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.The intern’s tasks will include:- Conducting research on the current law and practice of capital punishment in countries that retain the death penalty. This involves finding up-to-date national legislation and reliable secondary sources such as reports produced by the UN and NGOs. Knowledge of the UN’s human rights monitoring system is helpful. - Providing research support for a project on women facing capital punishment around the world. - Drafting blog posts (in English) on current death penalty issues.- Monitoring global death penalty news.- Assisting the Director of the World Coalition for the update of its Website: www.worldcoalition.org.Qualifications: An Internship agreement with a university is compulsory• University degree in human rights, law, political sciences or humanities;• Good organisational and writing skills; • Excellent command of both written and spoken English;• Working knowledge of French would be an asset;• Good computer knowledge and skills, in particular Microsoft Office and the Internet; • Willingness to work in a multicultural environment;• Familiarity with topics related to human rights and the death penalty is an asset.We offer:• An international working environment;• Internship allowance of 520,00 € / month with an Internship agreement;• Contribution to transportation fees;• Lunch vouchers;• 2,5 days leave per month;Selected candidates will be contacted from 22 February 2016 for an interview between 22 and 28 February. The selected person should be available in March 2016 for four to five months. The position is based in Montreuil, France.Applications (cover letter, CV) should be sent by email to Aurélie Plaçais (contact [at] worldcoalition.org) by 22 February 2016. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1954] => Array ( [objectID] => 4472 [title] => Training consultant [timestamp] => 1453334400 [date] => 21/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/training-consultant/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition calls for applications for a consultant in charge of planning a training session in Sub-Saharan Africa. [texte] => Job DescriptionUnder the supervision of the Director of the World Coalition, the consultant will be required to: - Plan the programme of the two-day training session to be held late April in Sub-Saharan Africa (place and date to be confirmed) based on a consultation with members and partners of the World Coalition in Sub-Saharan Africa. - Work with World Coalition members to identify good practices and obstacles encountered by civil society for the abolition of the death penalty in Africa and for the adoption of a protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the abolition of the death penalty. - Identify speakers and participants and follow-up with them, unsure a smooth running of the program. - Compile all the data collected and speakers’ points in a handbook for members before the training session. - Facilitate the training session with the members of the World Coalition. - Present the final version of the training manual end of April 2016 based on comments and feedback obtained during the session.Skills - Demonstrated experience in the field of training, and preferably in a national, regional, or international NGO in the field of human rights; - A university degree in political science, international relations, international human rights law or education; - A good understanding of the NGO sector in Africa; - Well-developed communication and drafting skills; - Perfect knowledge of either English or French, spoken and written, and working knowledge of the other (interaction with both French and English speaking African civil society members will be necessary); - Good judgement, as well as good organizational skills and an ability to be diplomatic; - Able to work in a team environment; - Proficient in the use of the internet and Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Powerpoint…); - Knowledge of the topic of the death penalty is desired.ConditionsContract for a period of two months (March – April 2016).Remuneration is negotiable depending on qualifications and experience.The person will be preferably based in Sub-Saharan Africa. Schedule (to be reviewed with the selected candidate):21 January: Launch of the job offer26 February: Deadline for candidacy29 February: Analysis of candidacy, interviews and selection of the consultantBetween 1 and 10 March: Consultation of members and partnersBetween 10 and 30 March: Definition of the program, identification of speakers and preparation of the training manual (validation of the structure of the manual with the director)Between 30 March and 15 April: Presentation of a draft manual that will be distributed during the trainingLate April: Animation of the training session in Sub-Saharan Africa30 April: Presentation of the final manual from the comments and feedback obtained during the sessionThe application must be received by the World Coalition (contact [at] worldcoalition.org) before 26 February 2016 with:- A cover letter- A CV- Contact details of two referees specifying for each: name, surname, title, email address and a phone number.- A note on methodological proposals and comments for the training sessionInterviews are expected to be held during the last week of February 2016. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1955] => Array ( [objectID] => 4473 [title] => La Coalition d’Afrique Centrale contre la Peine de Mort commémore 13 ans sans exécutions en RDC [timestamp] => 1452384000 [date] => 10/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/la-coalition-dafrique-centrale-contre-la-peine-de-mort-commemore-13-ans-sans-executions-en-rdc/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1956] => Array ( [objectID] => 4474 [title] => Joint statement from 48 coalitions, networks and human rights organizations from 12 Arab countries [timestamp] => 1452038400 [date] => 06/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-statement-from-48-coalitions-networks-and-human-rights-organizations-from-12-arab-countries/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/68ab83cf3cd6de4e812245fb9b28049d_2-1-500x281.png [extrait] => The statement strongly condemns the execution of Nimr Baqir al-Nimr in Saudi Arabia and renewed its demand for Saudi Arabia to support the United Nations resolution on a global moratorium on the death penalty and to abolish the death penalty in national legislation. [texte] => The Coalition against the Death Penalty and the human rights organizations undersigned expresses shock and utter condemnation of the massacre of mass executions which claimed the lives of 45 Saudi nationals and one Egyptian in addition to another Chadian, which were carried out in Saudi Arabia at the beginning of the year 2016. They express great concern at the growing phenomenon of the political use of the death penalty, which befell the political opposition Nimr Baqir al-Nimr who was a prisoner of conscience and was executed on political background after he announced an opposition point of view against the political authority of Saudi Arabia. Many human rights organizations and bodies, which has been demanding the humanization of the criminal justice, ensuring of the right to life, and signing of the United Nations Declaration moratorium on the death penalty pending the effective abolition of the death penalty from national legislation, have been appealing and calling to release him or submit him to a fair and equitable trial, but Saudi authorities ignored all that, executed him, and the confiscated his body. Our organizations call for the countries that resort to execution, Saudi Arabia in particular, to abandon the policy of elimination and deliberate exclusion of political opponents and the adoption of unfair trials under their names and weak arguments, like fomenting sedition and disturbing public order. At a time when Nimr Baqir al-Nimr demanded from within his country for political rights of Saudi citizens and that the people be the source of authorities, and he expressed his opinion calling for the right of the people to choose their rulers, and such views cannot be included within the crimes punishable by law. Our organizations also express their deep regret that the majority of the official international community ignored the deterioration of the human rights situation in Saudi Arabia, for many years, either in anticipation of its natural resources, its oil reservoir, or unjustified exploitation of its major financial capabilities. we considers that the policy of double standards in the rights of peoples human rights issues in this country, or other countries, is a real threat to international peace and security, and it is one of the core causes of the growing phenomenon of terrorism in the world, and we call on the international community to shoulder full responsibility in drying the sources of intellectual, financial, and colonial racism and other. Read the statement and see the list of signatories here [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1957] => Array ( [objectID] => 5806 [title] => Grace and Justice on Death Row [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/grace-and-justice-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book tells the story of Alfred Dewayne Brown, a man who spent over twelve years in prison (ten of them on Texas’ infamous Death Row) for a high-profile crime he did not commit, and his lawyer, Brian Stolarz, who dedicated his career and life to secure his freedom. The book chronicles Brown’s extraordinary journey to freedom against very long odds, overcoming unscrupulous prosecutors, corrupt police, inadequate defense counsel, and a broken criminal justice system. The book examines how a lawyer-client relationship turned into one of brotherhood.Grace And Justice On Death Row also addresses many issues facing the criminal justice system and the death penalty – race, class, adequate defense counsel, and intellectual disability, and proposes reforms.Told from Stolarz’s perspective, this raw, fast-paced look into what it took to save one man’s life will leave you questioning the criminal justice system in this country. It is a story of injustice and redemption that must be told. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://skyhorsepublishing.com/titles/11892-9781510715103-grace-and-justice-on-death-row?utm_source=WeeklyUpdate&utm_campaign=f0f5a3a0b0-weekly_update_2017_w41&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_37cc7e4461-f0f5a3a0b0-711068913 ) [1958] => Array ( [objectID] => 5856 [title] => Dolores Story of Hope and Redemption [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dolores-story-of-hope-and-redemption/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Dolores’ world was turned upside down when her husband was arrested. Then the news came that he would be executed. But the abolition of the death penalty has given his whole family a second chance, turning this story, at least until now into one of redemption. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.endcrimenotlife.com/library/videos/dolores-story-hope-and-redemption ) [1959] => Array ( [objectID] => 5902 [title] => The Report of the Oklahoma Death Penalty Review Commission [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-report-of-the-oklahoma-death-penalty-review-commission/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Oklahoma Death Penalty Review Commission (Commission) came together shortly after the state of Oklahoma imposed a moratorium on the execution of condemned inmates. In late 2015, Oklahoma executions were put on hold while a grand jury investigated disturbing problems involving recent executions, including departures from the execution protocols of the Department of Corrections. The report of the grand jury, released in May of 2016, was highly critical and exposed a number of deeply troubling failures in the final stages of Oklahoma’s death penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://constitutionproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/OKDPRC_Final.pdf ) [1960] => Array ( [objectID] => 5937 [title] => Advancing drug policy reform: a new approach to decriminalization [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/advancing-drug-policy-reform-a-new-approach-to-decriminalization/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Global Commission produces technical and policy reports to ground evidence-based recommendations in human rights, health and development. Political reports focus on drug policy reform generally and provide recommendations to countries in areas such as decriminalization; health and security; alternatives to incarceration for low-level people involved in the production, transport or selling of drugs; more intelligent measures against violent organizations and policy innovations such as legal, regulated markets. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/GCDP-Report-2016-ENGLISH.pdf ) [1961] => Array ( [objectID] => 5947 [title] => 2015 World Day Report [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2015-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2015, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty along with abolitionist activists worldwide marked the 13th World Day against the Death Penalty by drawing attention to the death penalty for drug crimes. This report presents the activities organised for the 13th world day and the media coverage it received. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-2015WorldDayReport-1.pdf ) [1962] => Array ( [objectID] => 5950 [title] => Missouri’s Death Penalty in 2016: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/missouris-death-penalty-in-2016-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MADP's 2016 report has compiled the death penalty data for the State of Missouri in 2016 and notices a significant decline of executions (6 in 2015, 1 in 2016). Moreover, no new death sentences were handed down in Missouri in 2016 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.madpmo.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/MADP-Annual-Report-2016-FINAL.pdf ) [1963] => Array ( [objectID] => 5951 [title] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2016: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/texas-death-penalty-developments-in-2016-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => TCADP reviews the death penalty situation in Texas in 2016: The State of Texas executed seven people in 2016, the lowest number of executions in two decades. Seven other individuals with execution dates received reprieves from the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. It was only the second time since the resumption of executions in 1982 that no African-Americans were put to death in Texas. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://bit.ly/2hNMUDg ) [1964] => Array ( [objectID] => 5956 [title] => Japanese Moratorium on the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-moratorium-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the number of states that retain capital punishment is declining, Japan has maintained the death penalty in its legislation. In the case of Japan, the government has consistently justified the retention and use of the death penalty on the basis of national law. However, the country as recently experienced a number of de facto moratorium periods on executions. This book addresses how the Ministry of Justice in Japan has justified capital punishment policy during these de facto moratorium periods. The primary goal of this volume is to provide a better understanding of the elite-driven nature of the capital punishment system in Japan. It also addresses the domestic and cultural factors of the capital punishment policy and the rhetoric of the Ministry of Justice in its justification of capital punishment policy. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.palgrave.com/jp/book/9781137565303 ) [1965] => Array ( [objectID] => 5957 [title] => Documentary: An eye for an eye [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/documentary-an-eye-for-an-eye/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The powerful documentary AN EYE FOR AN EYE, conveys message of forgiveness and healing. Directed by award winning filmmaker Ilan Ziv, AN EYE FOR AN EYE tells the story of death row inmate Mark Stroman, and the friendship he ultimately forges with one of his surviving victims Rais Bhuiyan, who sets about to save Stroman from death row.With unprecedented access and in-depth interviews, the film charts this riveting drama of revenge, change and forgiveness. A powerful human drama that carries a warning and a message of hope in our troubled times. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.aneyeforaneye-film.com/trailer.html ) [1966] => Array ( [objectID] => 5958 [title] => The Death Penalty in Singapore: in Decline but Still Too Soon for Optimism [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-singapore-in-decline-but-still-too-soon-for-optimism/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A survey on Singaporeans’ opinion on the death penalty, which was led by Assoc Prof Chan Wing Cheong from the NUS Faculty of Law, found that most Singaporeans are in favour of the death penalty but less so for certain cases. Fewer support the death penalty for drug trafficking and firearms in cases where no one dies or is injured and there is also less support for the mandatory death penalty. The survey polled 1,500 Singapore citizens aged 18 to 74 between April and May 2016.For a free summary of the study: http://news.nus.edu.sg/highlights/11231-death-penalty-support-not-clear-cut [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11417-015-9226-x ) [1967] => Array ( [objectID] => 5959 [title] => DPIC Year End Report: Death Sentences, Executions Drop to Historic Lows in 2016 [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dpic-year-end-report-death-sentences-executions-drop-to-historic-lows-in-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A press release on the DPIC Year End Report 2016: Use of the death penalty fell to historic lows across the United States in 2016. States imposed the fewest death sentences in the modern era of capital punishment, since states began re-enacting death penalty statutes in 1973. New death sentences are predicted to be down 39% from 2015’s 40-year low. Executions declined more than 25% to their lowest level in 25 years, and public opinion polls also measured support for capital punishment at a four-decade low. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/YearEnd2016#pressrelease ) [1968] => Array ( [objectID] => 5961 [title] => Abolishing the Death Penalty: Why India Should Say No to Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/abolishing-the-death-penalty-why-india-should-say-no-to-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Abolishing the Death Penalty: Why India Should Say No to Capital Punishment, Gopalkrishna Gandhi asks fundamental questions about the ultimate legal punishment awarded to those accused of major crimes. Is taking another life a just punishment or an act as inhuman as the crime that triggered it? Does having capital punishment in the law books deter crime? His conclusions are unequivocal: Cruel in its operation, ineffectual as deterrence, unequal in its application in an uneven society, liable like any punishment to be in error but incorrigibly so, these grievous flaws that are intrinsic to the death penalty are compounded by yet another—it leaves the need for retribution (cited as its primary ‘good’) unrequited and simply makes society more bloodthirsty.Examining capital punishment around the world from the time of Socrates onwards, the author delves into how the penalty was applied in India during the times of Asoka, Sikandar Lodi, Krishnadevaraya, the Peshwas and the British Raj, and how it works today [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.in/Abolishing-Death-Penalty-Capital-Punishment/dp/9382277781 ) [1969] => Array ( [objectID] => 5965 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2016: video summary of DPIC Year End Report. [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2016-video-summary-of-dpic-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => DPIC's 2016 Year-End Report: another record decline in death penalty use in the US. A video summary of the report. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fk4PGWwwksE&feature=youtu.be ) [1970] => Array ( [objectID] => 5966 [title] => The Death Penalty in the U.S. in 2016: infographic [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-u-s-in-2016-infographic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Figures on the application of the death penalty in the US in 2016: Another record decline in death penalty use [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/YearEnd2016#graphic ) [1971] => Array ( [objectID] => 5967 [title] => The Death Penalty in the US in 2016: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-us-in-2016-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Use of the death penalty fell to historic lows across theUnited States in 2016. States imposed the fewest deathsentences in the modern era of capital punishment, sincestates began re-enacting death penalty statutes in 1973. Newdeath sentences are predicted to be down 39% from 2015’s40-year low. Executions declined more than 25% to theirlowest level in 25 years, and public opinion polls alsomeasured support for capital punishment at a four-decadelow. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/2016YrEnd.pdf ) [1972] => Array ( [objectID] => 5976 [title] => 2016 World day against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2016-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2016 Amnesty International joins the global abolitionist movement in marking the 14th World Day Against the Death Penalty, whose focus on the use of the death penalty for terrorism-related offences is timely. While armed and other violent attacks are not a new phenomenon, recent years have seen repeated high-profile violent attacks – in many cases against a backdrop of political instability and conflict – that have sent shockwaves throughout the world. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.be/IMG/pdf/act5049452016english.pdf ) [1973] => Array ( [objectID] => 5977 [title] => Going backwards The death penalty in Southeast Asia [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/going-backwards-the-death-penalty-in-southeast-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Over the past year, Southeast Asia has witnessed significant setbacks with regard to the abolitionof the death penalty. Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore have all carried out executions. It isunknown whether any executions were carried out in Vietnam, where statistics on the deathpenalty continue to be classified as ‘state secrets.’ In the name of combating drug trafficking,Indonesian President Joko Widodo is rapidly becoming Southeast Asia’s top executioner. ThePhilippines, which effectively abolished the death penalty for all crimes in 2006, is consideringreinstating capital punishment as part of President Rodrigo Duterte’s ill-conceived and disastrous‘war on drugs.’ [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/asie682apdmweb.pdf ) [1974] => Array ( [objectID] => 5978 [title] => Death Penalty in Belarus: Murder on (Un)lawful Grounds [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-belarus-murder-on-unlawful-grounds/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In June 2016, FIDH and its member organisation in Belarus, the Human Rights Center ″Viasna″(HRC ″Viasna″), conducted an international fact-finding mission on the issue of the death penaltyin Belarus. The use of the death penalty (execution by shooting) in Belarus is provided for by Art. 24 of theConstitution of the Republic of Belarus as an exceptional measure of punishment for the mostserious crimes.Apart from the very fact of taking a person’s life, which is not only cruel, but also ineffective infighting and preventing crime, the use of the death penalty in Belarus is accompanied by many grosshuman rights violations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/death_penalty_in_belarus_murder_on_un_lawful_grounds_en_web.pdf ) [1975] => Array ( [objectID] => 5979 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2016 [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-background-paper-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The background paper provides information on changes and developments withregard to the death penalty in the OSCE area and new developments on the internationallevel. In this year’s edition, there is a specific focus on the relationship betweencapital punishment and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhumanor degrading treatment or punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/odihr/266186?download=true ) [1976] => Array ( [objectID] => 5980 [title] => The Death Penalty and Victims [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-and-victims/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This publication includes perspectives from a broad range of victims. While some of them are family members of crime victims, others are victims of human rights violations in application of the death penalty, of its brutality and traumatic effects. Victims’ perspectives, taken holistically, make a compelling case against the death penalty. When it comes to the death penalty, almost everyone loses. The perspectives of the victims on the death penalty as reflected in this book are likely to provoke tough discussions. This may be a welcome challenge. The publication was launched at a high-level event on 21st September at the UN in New York.The full recording of the event and the programme is available at: texte [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6XUJ0SW4C68aXRBQVdWR0drbkk/view ) [1977] => Array ( [objectID] => 5982 [title] => Activity Report 2015 [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/activity-report-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Executions worldwide increased dramatically in number in 2015, dueprincipally to sharp increases in Pakistan, Iran and Saudi Arabia. At thesame time, this Activity Report for 2015 also reflects real progress toward abolition in the Americas and sub-Saharan Africa. Thesteady, consistent work of educating and encouraging accession toregional and international instruments to end the death penalty, is anincremental strategy that continues to bear fruit. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP_2015ActivityReport-EN-1.pdf ) [1978] => Array ( [objectID] => 5984 [title] => Stories of Victims of Terrorism [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/stories-of-victims-of-terrorism/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Together with AfVT, the World Coalition has developed this two-page note explaining why some victims of terrorism are against the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2016_FactsheetVictimsTerrorism-1.pdf ) [1979] => Array ( [objectID] => 5986 [title] => Factsheet for Parliamentarians [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-parliamentarians/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Together with PGA the World Coalition has developed this Factsheet that will help parliamentarians face political pressure during discussions surrounding the death penalty for terrorism. It will also help civil society better collaborate with parliamentarians. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_PGA-WD2016_FactsheetParliamentarians-v1.2-1.pdf ) [1980] => Array ( [objectID] => 5988 [title] => Advocacy Toolkit on Abolition of the Death Penalty in West Africa [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/advocacy-toolkit-on-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-west-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This toolkit is for the use of activists who are working on the abolition of the death penalty in West Africa. It is intended to equip activists with some key advocacy tools to effectively influence the institutions and individuals who can make abolition a reality. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ACT5042092016ENGLISH.PDF ) [1981] => Array ( [objectID] => 5989 [title] => Bangladesh: Mandatory death penalty declared void after 14-year legal battle [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bangladesh-mandatory-death-penalty-declared-void-after-14-year-legal-battle/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Sentenced to death for a crime allegedly committed when he was just 14, a Bangladeshi boy’s case became the centre of a lengthy legal battle which ultimately led to mandatory executions being declared unconstitutional. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.crin.org/sites/default/files/bangladesh_-_mandatory_death_sentences.pdf ) [1982] => Array ( [objectID] => 5991 [title] => Question of the death penalty: Report of the Secretary-General 2016 [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pursuant to Human Rights Council decision 18/117, the present report is submitted to update previous reports on the question of the death penalty. The report confirms that the trend towards the universal abolition of the death penalty is continuing. However, a minority of States continued to use the death penalty in contravention of international human rights law. As requested in Human Rights Council resolution 22/11, the present report also includes information on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/33/20 ) [1983] => Array ( [objectID] => 5992 [title] => Pathways to abolition [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pathways-to-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report documents the processes by which 14 jurisdictions abolished the death penalty in law. The conclusions attempt to identify patterns and draw conclusions in the hope that they will provide ideas, insights and inspiration to countries that either already are on their path to abolition or yet have to embark on it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/pdf/Pathways%20to%20Abolition%20Death%20Penalty%20Worldwide%202016-06%20FINAL.pdf ) [1984] => Array ( [objectID] => 5993 [title] => Detailed factsheet on death penalty and terrorism [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-on-death-penalty-and-terrorism/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed information on the death penalty and terrorism. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2016_Factsheet-1.pdf ) [1985] => Array ( [objectID] => 5999 [title] => Final Declaration 6th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/final-declaration-6th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The participants to the 6th World Congress against the death penalty have handed over their final declaration, calling again for the universal abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://congres.abolition.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Final-Declaration-of-the-6th-World-Congress-Against-the-Death-Penalty.pdf ) [1986] => Array ( [objectID] => 6000 [title] => Death sentences and executions in 2015 [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2015. As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives; reporting by other civil society organizations; and media reports. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/3487/2016/en/ ) [1987] => Array ( [objectID] => 6001 [title] => Facts and Figures 2016 [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2016/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Up-to-date information on the application of death penalty around the world in 2015 and 2016. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FactsFigures2016_EN-1.pdf ) [1988] => Array ( [objectID] => 6007 [title] => The Last Verdict [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-last-verdict/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => What would you do if your child was murdered?What would you do if your child was convicted of murder?Alice Goodman has known great loss. Since the brutal murder of her daughter Madeline decades earlier, she has tirelessly fought to see the killer pay for his crime. Now, after twenty years, the day has arrived that she will witness his long-delayed execution. Will justice finally be done? Will she finally find the peace that has long eluded to her?Lori Williams knows she was not the perfect mother, but she never believed her son Mark could be guilty of the crime that placed him on death row. Confronting every challenge along the way, she refused to give up her pursuit of the truth—a truth she believed would set her son free. Will it be enough?Both women are fighting for a justice they believe has been denied their children. Now, their lives are on a collision course with each other. Is either woman prepared for the truth? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Canada ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.jamiearpinricci.com/the-last-verdict/ ) [1989] => Array ( [objectID] => 6008 [title] => Shepherds and Butchers [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/shepherds-and-butchers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => South Africa, 1987. When Leon, a white 19-year-old prison guard commits an inexplicable act of violence, killing seven black men in a hail of bullets, the outcome of the trial - and the court’s sentence - seems a foregone conclusion.Hotshot lawyer John Weber reluctantly takes on the seemingly unwinnable case.A passionate opponent of the death penalty, John discovers that young Leon worked on death row in the nation’s most notorious prison, under traumatic conditions: befriending the inmates over the years while having to assist their eventual execution.As the court hearings progress, the case offers John the opportunity to put the entire system of legally sanctioned murder on trial. How can one man take such a dual role of friend and executioner, becoming both shepherd and butcher?Inspired by true events, this is the story that puts death penalty on trial and changes history. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.westendfilms.com/films/current/shepherds-and-butchers ) [1990] => Array ( [objectID] => 6009 [title] => Human Rights Council March 2016 Iran letter [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-council-march-2016-iran-letter/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Some Human Rights and civil society groups wrote to the member states of the Human Rights Council to get them to support the resolution to renew the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran at the 31st session of the United Nations Human Rights Council. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://cpj.org/blog/HRC_Iran_letter_March_2016.pdf ) [1991] => Array ( [objectID] => 6010 [title] => Annual report on the death penalty in Iran 2015 [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 8th annual report of Iran Human Rights (IHR) on the death penalty provides an in-depth assessment of how the capital punishment was implemented in 2015 in the Islamic Republic of Iran.In addition to providing the number of executions that were conducted, the report also looks at the trends compared to previous years, the methods of execution, geographical distribution, the charges that were used by authorities to justify the executions and the articles in the penal law that were used to issue the death sentences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran_2014-GB-120314-BD.pdf ) [1992] => Array ( [objectID] => 6019 [title] => The Harrowing Testimonies of Death Penalty Executioners [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-harrowing-testimonies-of-death-penalty-executioners/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The accounts of the "anonymous execution teams" who implement the death penalty are chilling, and rarely reach the public sphere, because their identities are protected by stringent state laws. Rare interviews from retired corrections officers, wardens, and prison chaplains, as well as those included in the 2000 Peabody Award winning radio documentary "Witness to an Execution" give us glimpses of executioners and their experiences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.attn.com/stories/5704/testimonies-death-penalty-executioners ) [1993] => Array ( [objectID] => 6024 [title] => Growing up on death row. The death penalty and juvenile offenders in Iran [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/growing-up-on-death-row-the-death-penalty-and-juvenile-offenders-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Two decades after Iran ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the authorities continue to show contempt for one of its core principles – the prohibition of the death penalty for juvenile offenders (people younger than 18 at the time of the crime). Indeed, Iran tops the grim global table of executioners of juvenile offenders.The report analyses the Iranian Penal System with regard to juvenile offenders, acknowledges the reforms, presents the recent trends and points out the major shortcomings that still need to be addressed in view of a full compliance of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the international standards. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/document/?indexNumber=mde13%2f3112%2f2016&language=en ) [1994] => Array ( [objectID] => 6197 [title] => Factsheet for Parliamentarians [timestamp] => 1451606400 [date] => 01/01/2016 [annee] => 2016 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-parliamentarians-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the death penalty remains, persons with mental disabilities are at risk of being sentenced to death and executed in breach of international standards. This briefing paper provides concrete examples of what can be done to address this risk, including by ensuring that all states have laws that embed international protections in their domestic legislation and by extending protection to those with [serious] mental illness not covered by existing proscriptions against executing persons affected by “insanity”. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2014-Fact_Sheet_Parliamentarians-1.pdf ) [1995] => Array ( [objectID] => 4475 [title] => ADPAN welcomes Mongolia’s decision abolish death penalty in law [timestamp] => 1450396800 [date] => 18/12/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/adpan-welcomes-mongolias-decision-abolish-death-penalty-in-law/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/db3d1b3cda7cb1213598e684c8933585_2-1.gif [extrait] => Mongolia abolished the death penalty for all crimes in law on 3 December 2015 by adopting a new Criminal Code without any reference to capital punishment. Mongolia had already taken a strong commitment in 2012 by ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, and it was one of the World Coalition's target countries for the follow-up of the ratification campaign. The new Criminal Code will come into effect in September 2016 [texte] => ADPAN welcomes the historic vote of Mongolia’s parliament in favour of a new Criminal Code that abolishes the death penalty for all crimes. The new Criminal Code will take effect from September 2016, and increases the number of countries to have completely abandoned this ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment in Asia by one. “We hope that the abolition of death penalty in Mongolia will be a good example to other Asian countries which still retain this cruel and inhuman punishment. I wanted to call on those countries to stop executions and say no to the death penalty. The leaders of countries in Asia Pacific, which maintain the death penalty, need to show their political will to end this cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment” said Altantuya Batdorj, Executive Director of Amnesty International Mongolia. Three countries - Fiji, Madagascar and Suriname- have already abolished the death penalty this year. Earlier this year, Indonesia resumed executions amidst worldwide criticism, while Pakistan has executed at least 300 people since it lifted a moratorium on executions in December 2014. In East Asia, China, Japan, North Korea, and Taiwan have all carried out executions in 2015. The last execution in Mongolia was in 2008 and the death penalty remains classified as a state secret. Since then, the country has taken a series of steps towards abolition culminating in the historic parliamentary vote.In 2010, the country’s President, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, commuted all death sentences and announced a moratorium on all executions. In 2012, Mongolia ratified an international treaty committing the country to the abolition of the death penalty."Mongolia became the 102nd country to have abolished the death penalty for all crimes.For more information, read the blog piece from Amnesty Mongolia, which describes key moments from the campaign in the country: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2015/12/the-long-road-to-death-penalty-abolition-in-mongolia/ [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1996] => Array ( [objectID] => 4477 [title] => Parliamentarians lead Malaysia Towards Abolition of the Mandatory Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1449792000 [date] => 11/12/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/parliamentarians-lead-malaysia-towards-abolition-of-the-mandatory-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f0033d5f3eec7ef8bb7c87c9deeb1de8_2-1-500x281.jpg [extrait] => On 17 November 2015, Parliamentarians for Global Action organized a roundtable and consultations on the abolition of the mandatory death penalty in Malaysia. Parliamentarians play a major role in the country’s journey towards abolition. [texte] => In November, the Malaysian Parliament symbolically hosted a Roundtable aiming to elaborate strategies towards the abolition of Malaysian mandatory death penalty. The event was an opportunity to discuss how to improve Parliamentarians’ contributions towards abolition and to educate on the lack of deterrent effect of mandatory death penalty.The Mandatory Death Penalty in MalaysiaThe roundtable discussed the Malaysian legal framework, which still foresees mandatory death penalty. According to Malaysian law, capital punishment is mandatory for a variety of crimes. These range from treason to murder, from firearms offences up to drug-trafficking.The Parliamentarians for Global Actions (PGA), a non-profit network of over 1000 legislators, decided to gather in Kuala Lumpur, together with international MPs, high-level authorities, experts and stakeholders, to debate the abolition of Malaysian mandatory capital punishment.The roundtable highlighted the existence of a growing movement towards abolition, which is not only spread among parliamentarians, but also amid State officials and the general public. During the first session of the Roundtable, the irrevocability of mandatory death penalty and the possibility of judicial mistakes were debated. Indeed, many countries in the world consider the automatic nature of this sentence as arbitrary and disproportionate. Mandatory death penalty fails to take into account the different circumstances in which offences may have been committed, as well as the different characteristics of offenders.Parliamentarians Held Necessary Keys to AbolitionAs the resource “Parliamentarians and the Abolition of the Death Penalty” highlights, parliamentarians are facing increased pressure and responsibility from public expectations. During the Roundtable, Hon. Iskandar expressed his thoughts about the role of Parliamentarians as representatives of the best interests of the public, even when they might seem to be contrary to public opinion. He also stressed the role of parliamentarians as visionaries who should lead society away from revenge and retaliation. Hon. Iskandar encouraged the adoption of a bill abolishing the death penalty for drug-trafficking and firearms-related offences.A bill to Remove the Mandatory Death Penalty in MalaysiaHon. Nancy Shukri, Minister of Law and Vice-Chair of the PGA Malaysia Group, announced to the roundtable’s participants that a draft amendment to the death penalty’s law had been prepared, with the aim to remove the mandatory death penalty. She declared her full commitment to that bill, that should be presented next year.The Senior Programme Officer at PGA, Ms. Maia Trujillo, said "PGA welcomes the recent declarations from government officials, in particular Hon. Nancy Shukri, Minister of Law and PGA Member, to move away from the mandatory death penalty." She added, "this is the recognition that the mandatory death penalty has no deterrent effect and should not be applied to as a matter of principle, especially for non violent crimes such as drug offenses."Photo: Roundtable @PGA [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1997] => Array ( [objectID] => 4478 [title] => Inquiry into Australia’s Advocacy for the Worldwide Abolition of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1448409600 [date] => 25/11/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/inquiry-into-australias-advocacy-for-the-worldwide-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/22b35ba8ef81c30866976848857006c2_2-1-500x281.jpg [extrait] => On 17, 20 and 27 November, the Australian Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs is conducting public hearings on Australia's advocacy for the abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition and its members uses this opportunity to make their voices heard. [texte] => In July 2015, the Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Hon Julie Bishop MP asked the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Trade to inquire into and report on Australia’s efforts to advocate for worldwide abolition of the death penalty.The Human Rights Sub-Committee, chaired by the Hon Philip Ruddock MP was asked to review how Australia currently engages internationally to promote the abolition of the death penalty and to consider further steps that Australia could take to advocate for worldwide abolition, including by:• Engaging with international institutions and likeminded countries;• Cooperating with non-government organisations;• Bilateral engagements and other diplomatic activities; and• Other appropriate means.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and several members, including Reprieve Australia, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, prepared and submitted responses to the Australian inquiry, and on 17th November, World Coalition member, Professor Peter Norden, from Australia, spoke to the submission.Peter Norden reported that the submission received a warm and positive response. “The central problem in Australia”, he explained “is that the Australian media and the Australian public are more highly motivated by the issue of capital punishment when Australian citizens are on death row. Our task is to extend the awareness and the commitment to action beyond that limited stance, and to support the efforts of Australian government representatives to work as a partner of our efforts for worldwide abolition in the coming years”, he concluded.The World Coalition's submission emphasised Australia’s unique geographic position which places it in a crucial situation for the abolition of the death penalty in the Asian-Pacific region. It suggested that the Australian Government should give further consideration to joining the “Friends of the Protocol”, a group of countries which officially support the campaign for the ratification of the UN Protocol for the abolition of the death penalty.It also suggested that while recognising that Australia consistently makes recommendations on the death penalty as part of the review of the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva, it could strengthen its position by systematically making recommendation to abolitionist countries that have not yet ratified the Second Optional Protocol.It further suggested that Australia could participate in the global abolition movement by supporting and funding NGOs working for the abolition of the death penalty in the Asian-Pacific region and worldwide and by participating in the annual World Day against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1998] => Array ( [objectID] => 4479 [title] => Terrorism is no excuse for unfair trials in Iraq [timestamp] => 1448409600 [date] => 25/11/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/terrorism-is-no-excuse-for-unfair-trials-in-iraq/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1aec62bab073be54f6b1b20c27260a96_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Earlier in November, the UN Human Rights Committee released its concluding observations on Iraq’s implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Committee and civil society’s representatives specifically dwelled on Iraq’s application of the death penalty. [texte] => The UN Human Rights Committee had to wait 13 years but, finally, it received and examined the report on Iraq’s implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The Iraqi fifth periodic report, due to 2000 and submitted in 2013, discusses how the country respects the rights set forth in ICCPR. In particular, Iraq had to justify its application of the death penalty in light of Art. 6 of the ICCPR.The right to life and the application of capital punishment in IraqArt. 6 of the Covenant prohibits to sentence a person to death without a fair trial, or after a trial based upon a confession secured through abuse or torture, or when the accused did not have access to counsel. However, the Iraqi criminal justice system fails to provide essential safeguards protecting persons from being put to death. According to the non-governmental organizations The Advocates for Human Rights and the Iraqi Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Iraq exhibits unfair trial procedures and a concerning lack of transparency. Further, many executions are merely based on confessions obtained through torture or through unchallenged testimony of anonymous.The death penalty’s application in Iraq emerged as a primary concern at the Human Rights Committee which, in its concluding observations, focused on the abusive applications of capital punishment. In particular, the Committee proved to be distressed about the sentences to death carried out under the 2005 Counter-Terrorism Act.The Human Rights Committee’s concerns on Iraqi counter-terrorism measuresEven though the Committee acknowledges that Iraq needs to adopt measures to combat acts of terrorism, it deplores the use of the death penalty under the framework of the Counter-Terrorism Act. The Human Rights Committee explained its concerns regarding the highly unstable and corrupt environment that does not provide the essential safeguards.In particular, the Committee considers that the definition of terrorism, as provided by the Iraqi counter-terrorism act, is excessively broad. Moreover, the fact that the Iraqi judiciary lacks independence, and that it is pressured by sectarian violence and corruption, worsen the situation.The Human Rights Committee reached the conclusion that Iraq should develop a more precise definition of “terrorism”, in order to avoid excessively broad interpretations. Then, it observed that any existing or new counter-terrorism legislation, as well as any measures taken to combat terrorism, should be fully compliant with the Covenant. Finally, it stressed that the mandatory imposition of the death penalty is not compatible with the obligations under the Covenant.In fact, the Committee observed that “the State party should give due consideration to abolishing the death penalty and acceding to the Second Optional Protocol (...) If the death penalty is maintained, the State party should take all necessary measures, including legislative action, to ensure that: a) the death penalty is provided only for the most serious crimes; b) it is never mandatory; and c) pardon or commutation of the sentence is available in all cases, regardless of the crime committed. The State party should also ensure that, if imposed at all, the death penalty is never imposed in violation of the Covenant, including fair trial procedures."“Iraq cannot guarantee its citizens adequate domestic and international guarantees against the arbitrary deprivation of life”“(…) therefore it should abolish the death penalty”.This is what the NGO the Advocates for Human Rights, in collaboration with the Iraqi Coalition against the Death Penalty, stated in their submission to the Committee.The two NGOs are well aware that the execution rates in Iraq are some of the highest in the world. Over 170 people were put to death in 2013 and at least 60 people were executed in the first eight months of 2014. For this reason, they stress their concerns about the unfair trial procedure and the lack of transparency regarding court proceedings and legal process in Iraq. Further, they report that many death sentence are solely based on confessions obtained through torture, as a rise in executions motivated by increasing sectarian conflict.The Advocates and the Iraqi Coalition “disagree that an escalation in executions and death sentences is a proportionate, appropriate, or effective response to violence”. The two civil society’s representatives consider that ‘Iraq’s imposition of the death penalty for vaguely defined “terrorist” offenses is overly broad and in violation of international law requiring a narrow application of the death penalty to grave and serious crimes’. Hence, they cannot but to recommend its elimination. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq [1] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [1999] => Array ( [objectID] => 4480 [title] => Watch Belarus Free Theatre Live Stream! [timestamp] => 1446768000 [date] => 06/11/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/watch-belarus-free-theatre-live-stream/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/145f86da283670470ed9b81f35eae070_2-1-500x280.jpg [extrait] => Sunday 8 November: live stream starts at 19:00 London time. Belarus Free Theatre serve up food, music, dance and Shakespeare as they share true stories from inmates, executioners, human rights lawyers and families of the executed. [texte] => Provocative and urgent, Trash Cuisine (2013) pierces the imagination with moments of the darkest humour as it challenges the ongoing existence of capital punishment in the contemporary world. 36 countries retain the death penalty in both law and practice, and Europe remains on the list of continents where capital punishment still exists – in 2015 – because of Belarus.• Live Streams• Join the Revolution: Community ScreeningsThis live stream is part of a two-week Festival of performances and discussions in London, UK called "Staging a revolution". It is presented by Belarus Free Theatre, co-produced with the Young Vic from 2 – 14 November 2015.They are live streaming every show and discussion for free world-wide!Following each performance, a curated panel of experts, including artists, campaigners, journalists and activists will discuss an area related to each taboo topic and generate fresh ideas around taking up action. It is an approach drawn directly from BFT’s work in Minsk where the space for free exchange of ideas and open debate is as valuable as the space in which to see independent theatre.Underground performances (2-8 November) will take place in unexpected locations in Greater London. These locations will not be identified prior to the performance. Audiences will receive an email confirmation but no ticket will be issued. 24 hours before the performance, audiences will receive a text message detailing a designated meeting point and a time of arrival. There, they will be met by a member of the front of house team and be led from the meeting point to the performance. On arrival at the location they will be asked for a form of identification (in Belarus, audiences members bring passports anticipating the likelihood in case of arrest). [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2000] => Array ( [objectID] => 4481 [title] => Explaining the Death Penalty for Drug Offences: the Best Reports [timestamp] => 1446422400 [date] => 02/11/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/explaining-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-the-best-reports/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d2c3c149eac345326491f8243cc9d0a7_2-1-500x280.jpg [extrait] => For October 10, many NGOs have published Reports analyzing, from different perspectives, the issue of the death penalty for drug offences. Read this brief presentation of the reports to facilitate the selection of the research that will best satisfy your thirst for knowledge. [texte] => If you are looking for a global picture of the death penalty for drugsIf you seek a broad explanation of what the death penalty for drug-related crimes is, the Harm Reduction International’s report is what you may need. Patrick Gallahue and Rick Lines discuss what the capital drugs law is, which States that still envisage it, and which progresses have been made towards its abolition. They also provide statistics for retentionist States, by categorizing them in different groups. The two experts highlight how it is only a small number of States to execute a large number of people each year for drug crimes. These retentionist States represent an extreme fringe, and they are becoming more isolated.Open Society Foundations has made available another global study on the relationship between Drugs and the Death Penalty. The report appears as a timely manual on the “ultimate sanction” for non-violent, drug-relates crimes. It shows how the death penalty for drug offences is ineffective, inhumane, and not coherent with the international movement towards less draconian sanctions on drugs. Finally, the report put forwards some interesting recommendations for the 2016 United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Drugs.Amnesty International, in the report entitled The World Day Against the Death penalty. Not the Solution to Drug-related Crimes, demonstrates that capital punishment is an ineffective deterrent to drug-related crimes. By presenting some of the latest evolutions on the issues, Amnesty International considers that punitive policies towards drugs have little influence in reducing drug use. On the other hand, a human rights response and harm reduction programs may successfully tackle the challenges of drug abuse.If you are looking for arguments against the death penalty for drug crimes, with a focus on AsiaAsia houses the great majority of countries that still retain the death penalty for drug-related offences. On the World Day against the Death Penalty, FIDH (Fédération international des ligues des droits de l’homme) released a report offering an insight on the illegality of the death penalty for drug offences in Asia. The Death Penalty for Drug Crimes in Asia not only demonstrates how capital punishment for drug crimes violates the international legal standards both in principle and in practice. The report also dismantles, point by point, the main common justifications for imposing the death penalty. It explains how the death penalty for drug offences is unacceptable and illegal, while providing the reader with interesting argument against the death penalty. If this was not enough, the report discusses seventeen countries’ profiles by presenting statistics and specific local narratives on the death penalty.If you prefer a single-country focus: Indonesia, Iran and Saudi ArabiaIf you are more incline towards single-country reports, you will not be disappointed. The researches published insofar focus on three countries with a very high rate of death condemnation for drug offences: Indonesia, Iran and Saudi Arabia.Flawed Justice. Unfair Trials and the Death Penalty in Indonesia denounces all the international human rights and standards infringed by Indonesia. The report, published by Amnesty International, relies on the experience of individuals who are, or have been, on the Indonesian death row. Through the analysis of their cases emerges how Indonesia does not guarantee the right to a fair trial and the access to a lawyer of one’s choice. The fact that there are no available form of protection from torture and other forms of ill-treatment is only another flaw in a justice system that should be completely review and that should stop executing people.Iran Human Rights offers an overview of the executions in Iran, since 2011. In doing so, it chose to use images, instead of words. Thus, the report visualizes the numbers of execution carried out in the country. There, you will find graphic representations of the percentage of executions for drug related charges, or averages of executions per day. The report is replete with dismaying data, as the fact that at least 463 persons were executed for drug-related crimes in 2015. Or that, in 2014, the Islamic Republic of Iran killed at least 14 juvenile offenders. The (in)justice system in Iran is deadly.Repreive's Justice Crucified: The Death Penalty in Saudi Arabia focuses on 62 cases and the UK relations with Saudi Arabia. It echoes Amnesty International's report published in August. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2001] => Array ( [objectID] => 4482 [title] => Morocco is working to break down the political barriers to the abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1445817600 [date] => 26/10/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/morocco-is-working-to-break-down-the-political-barriers-to-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/03026db7a22f27f6a3de936dbe038d99_2-1-500x332.jpg [extrait] => The Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty organized numerous meetings and events in different regions of the country in October on the occasion of the 13th World Day. [texte] => "Our struggle to overcome the political obstacles and bring the country's authorities to abolish this cruel and inhuman punishment continues," said Mustapha Znaidi, deputy coordinator of the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty. He considers that this punishment is "unnecessary and useless" and that society is tolerant.On 7 October, the Moroccan Coalition against the death penalty, the Network of Parliamentarians against the death penalty in Morocco and the Network of lawyers against the Death Penalty held a joint press conference to present a report of their activities during the previous year. They also gave the full picture of the death penalty at the national and international level and launched a message to the authorities.The three networks submitted a memorandum to the head of the Moroccan government. Their main demands include the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the ratification of the Rome Statute on the International Criminal Court and a support to the UN resolution on the moratorium, in addition to improving conditions on death row.Among many activities, a symbolic sit-in outside the parliament building in Rabat was held on October 12, a screening of the documentary “Honk!” took place on October 10 in Casablanca in partnership with the Medical Association for the Rehabilitation of Victims of Torture and in the same city, a conference on the theme "For criminal legislation free of punishment" was held on October 16. Finally, a meeting on October 13 with the General Delegate of Corrections and Rehabilitation focused on the improvement of conditions of detention for people on death row. More than a thousand criminal casesMorocco is an abolitionist country in practice, the last execution was in 1993. The death penalty is provided for crimes beyond premeditated murder and touches political acts. A recent study by the Network of lawyers against the death penalty shows that the number of criminal cases exceeds one thousand in the Penal Code and in the Code of Military Justice. "It should be emphasized that the majority of crimes punishable by death has nothing to do with 'the most serious crimes’ mentioned in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights", says Znaidi.During 2014, nine death sentences were handed down, but no executions were reported according to the latest report from Amnesty International. The same source reports that 117 people (114 men and three women) were under a death sentence at the end of the year in Morocco / Western Sahara. A tolerant society towards the death penalty"Despite the 23 year moratorium, it is difficult to get rid of the death penalty. The non-application of the death penalty is not a problem for the Moroccan society which, being tolerant and peaceful, continues to live without using this punishment", said the assistant coordinator of the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty.He emphasized that since 1993, no calls for the application of the death penalty have ever been recoded, either by the families of victims or by supporters of the death penalty. "I think the biggest obstacle is political, not religious, contrary to the claims of proponents of maintaining this sentence, because the source of the Criminal Code is positive law and is inherited from the colonial Penal Code. And again, Islam is tolerant and open with respect to this issue", he said. Upcoming EventsIn the coming months, the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty has organized many activities, including those in partnership with Together against the death penalty (ECPM): regional conferences in several cities of the country, a forum dedicated to young people in Fez in December an abolition Film Festival in January, a series of educational interventions on human rights education and abolition, and a parliamentary seminar.A visit to death row by representatives of the Moroccan Coalition against the death penalty, the Network of Parliamentarians against the death penalty in Morocco and the Network of lawyers against the death penalty will be conducted in the coming days. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2002] => Array ( [objectID] => 4483 [title] => The death penalty for drugs must go, it has no place in a civilised society [timestamp] => 1445385600 [date] => 21/10/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-for-drugs-must-go-it-has-no-place-in-a-civilised-society/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8ad78de88f174a2399cc1fe98ed9c7ec_2-1-500x333.jpg [extrait] => Those were the words of Anand Grover, former UN Special Rapporteur on the right to health during the opening ceremony of Harm Reduction International’s 24th conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [texte] => The conference, calling for leadership, was organised under the honorary patronage of the Malaysian Ministry of Health from 18 to 21 October 2015. Although the main focus was on reducing the harm for people who use drugs, attention was also paid to the harm caused by anti-drug policy and law, including the death penalty.Ending the death penalty for drugs in India, China, Malaysia and IndonesiaOne of the first major sessions was dedicated to death penalty lawyers and human rights advocates in Asia who participated in Harm Reduction International’s report: Death Penalty for Drug Offenses, Global Overview 2015.Tripti Tandon, from the Lawyer’s Collective in India explained how they have challenged the constitutionality of the mandatory death penalty in India and stressed that although people are sentenced to death for drug crimes in India, no one has ever been executed for these crimes.Dr Yingxi Bi, from the International Centre on Human Rights and Drug Policy at Essex University in the UK, spoke about recent reforms in China and how the number of crimes punishable by death has decreased from more that 70 offenses before 1997 to 46 today.Shamini Darshni, Executive Director of Amnesty International Malaysia insisted on the fact that the number of people executed in Malaysia is not communicated by the authorities or the media. She also highlighted the case of Shahrul Izani Suparman, for whom a petition was launched for World Day Against the Death Penalty this year. Shahrul was convicted at 19 years old of carrying drugs in the motorbike that he had just borowed to a friend and mandatorily sentenced to death. He has always claimed that he did not know that the drugs were in the bike.Ricky Gunawan, Director of the Community Legal Aid Institute (LBH Masyarakat) in Indonesia made a very powerful and emotional contribution to the panel by speaking about his client, Rodrigo Gularte, a Brazilian citizen who was among the people executed in April 2015."I met with him the day before his execution and he said, ‘am I going to die? But why?’ later he said ‘don’t worry, I heard voices and they are going to abolish the deaht penalty and I won’t be executed’. And when I wanted to buy him a drink he said : ‘no, don’t drink it, it is poison’ How could they execute Rodrigo? The thing is, in Indonesia, you can’t sentence to death someone with mental health issues, but you can execute him."Abolition of the death penalty in the package for UNGASS on drugsMany speakers stressed that laws against drugs have been a total failure when "harm reduction has reduced crimes" as said Dr Sha’ari Ngadiman, Malaysian Minister of Health.In the context of the UN General Assembly’s Special Session (UNGASS) on drugs in April 2016, civil society has been working towards key recommendations based on these conclusions, and the abolition of the death penalty is one of them.The Civil Society Task Force is acting as the voice of civil society and has been conducting wide consultations worldwide. It is made of two representatives by regions for nine regions, in addition to thematic representatives. Together, they have highlighted seven key issues : end the death penalty, promote human rights, health and harm reduction, decriminalization, universal access to controlled medicines, sustainable development and policy innovation.A new campaign called "Stop the harm" was launched at the conference. It aims at helping people and organisations get involved in the process leading to UNGASS. Here are a few ways civil society organisations can engage:• Register on Stop the harm.org to add your contribution• Join the International Drug Policy Consortium to receive regular updates• Contact your regional representative within the Civil Society Task Force• Join the New York NGO Committee on Drugs (NYNGOC) and/or the Vienna NGO Committee on Drugs (VNGOC) as these committees are directly engaging in the UNGASS• Lobby your government to promote more progressive drug policies during international debates• Send out a civil society submission to UNODC, which it will post on the civil society page of its official UNGASS website. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => India [2] => Indonesia [3] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2003] => Array ( [objectID] => 4484 [title] => Executions for drug crimes: a violation of international law -international organizations [timestamp] => 1444867200 [date] => 15/10/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/executions-for-drug-crimes-a-violation-of-international-law-international-organizations/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/73e21ec688151dfa1dc7c32f5f8c6fd5_2-1-500x313.jpg [extrait] => International organizations joined the 13th World Day Against the Death Penalty to stand against this cruel practice. United Nations, the European Union and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights merged to claim that capital punishment is not the solution to deter drug crimes. [texte] => United Nations secretary-general Ban Ki-moon urged the abolition of the death penalty, which “does not deter drug crimes, nor does it protect people from drug abuse”. He reiterated the necessity to reform justice systems and investing in prevention through the public health system instead to curb this kind of crimes.The secretary-general reminded that international law limits the application of the death penalty to the “most serious crimes”, such as intentional killing.Incompatible with human rightsThis system of punishment is “incompatible with fundamental tenets of human rights”, underscored two UN special rapporteurs. “Executions for drug crimes amount to a violation of international law and are unlawful killings”, they stressed in a joint statement.Cristof Heyns, special rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions said that in many States where the death penalty is used for drug-related offences, there is not a system of fair trial.Executions are also “a violation of the prohibition of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment”, said Juan E. Méndez, special rapporteur on torture.Heyns and Méndez urged abolitionist States and international agencies to ensure that they are not complicit in the use of the death penalty in other countries, concerned that some global efforts to combat drug crime would inadvertently be contributing to unlawful executions.Looking ahead to the 2016 UNGASS on drugsThis World Day against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to pave the way for the UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on Drugs. This 2016 UNGASS is crucial for many different areas of drug policy, including for the abolition of the death penalty. Although a consensus is unlikely to appear, more and more states are raising the issue. Following the 2014 Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 58 countries signed a statement deeply regretting “that the Joint Ministerial Statement did not include language on the death penalty” because of their unequivocal opposition to the death penalty in all circumstances, and because they considered that the death penalty undermined human dignity and that errors in its application were irreversible.This call has been reiterated on the World Day this year with 18 Ministers of Foreign Affairs from all over the world signing a Joint Declaration calling for an end to the death penalty.Steps forward on the American and African ContinentsThe Inter-American Commission on Human Rights welcomed the progress made over the past year in this field, including the abolition of the death penalty in Suriname and in the US State of Nebraska.Nevertheless, it demanded continued efforts to abolish the death penalty in the members of the Organization of American States or impose a moratorium on its application.The African Union (AU) and the European Union (EU) also reaffirmed their strong and absolute opposition to capital punishment. The joint declaration welcome the drafting of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on Abolition of Death Penalty and encourage the African Union policy making organs to swiftly adopt the Protocol during its January 2016 Summit.Abolition, a flagship objective of the European Union and the Council of EuropeThe EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini, and the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Thorbjørn Jagland, called in a joint declaration for the abolition of capital punishment. “The death penalty is inhuman and degrading treatment, does not have any proven significant deterrent effect, and allows judicial errors to become irreversible and fatal”, they said.The Council of Europe and the European Union also called on those European countries which have not yet done so to ratify two protocols to the European Convention on Human Rights which aim to abolish the death penalty.Abolition, prerequisite for EU support says European ParliamentThe abolition of the death penalty for drug-related offences should be made a prerequisite for EU financial and technical assistance to third countries, according to a resolution of the European Parliament voted on Thursday.The members of the Parliament condemned the use of this "ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment, violating the right to life", emphasizing that the death penalty fails "to deter drug trafficking or to prevent individuals from falling victim to drug abuse". [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2004] => Array ( [objectID] => 4485 [title] => USA: showing the human face of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1444780800 [date] => 14/10/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/usa-showing-the-human-face-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b08cfbba111dd728dc42099bdb514dd1_2-1-500x318.jpg [extrait] => A conference organized by Journey of Hope is just one among the many activities carried out around World Day against the Death Penalty in the U.S. [texte] => Journey of Hope…from Violence to Healing celebrated the 13th World Day Against the Death Penalty with a two-days conference at the Southern Methodist University (SMU) of Dallas, aiming at “rejecting the philosophy of revenge that supporters of the death penalty promote”.Journey of Hope cofounders (George White, Marietta Jaeger Lane, SueZann Bosler, Sam Reese Sheppard and Bill Pelke, who are all murder victim family members) accepted the invitation of director of the Embrey Human Rights Program at SMU, Rick Halperin, to organize a conference dedicated to death row family members around the world.“We are joined by death row family members, death row exonerees and other activists as we show the human face of the death penalty. Our mantra of love and compassion for all of humanity touches the hearts and leads many to change their mind about the death penalty”, asserts cofounder Bill Pelke.Texas, the leader for state killing“Texas is the leading state for state killing, but the tide has begun to change since our first Journey of hope here since 1998. This is our 5th Texas Journey of Hope”, he adds.During the event, it was shown for the first time in Texas the documentary There Will Be No Stay, an intimate look at the effect the act of execution has on the executioner, directed by Patty Dillon, who took part in the conference.Next activitiesThe World Day Against the Death Penalty Conference concluded with the launching of a Journey speakers tour throughout the State of Texas, at high schools, colleges and churches. The organization will reach Houston (Oct. 12-17), San Antonio (Oct. 18-23) and Austin (Oct. 24-25), where its member will join forces with other abolitionists for 16th Annual March to Abolish the Death Penalty.The Journey of Hope will be the lead organization in organizing the 23rd annual fast and vigil (June 29-July2) at the front steps to the US Supreme Court. The organization is also planning to conduct a 17 day Journey of Hope tour in Nebraska next year.Footprints for peaceThe conference organized by Journey of Hope is just one among the many activities carried out these days in the U.S. Abolitions from Ohio and beyond embarked on a 7 day walk, which started last Sunday from the Lucasville prison, where death row inmates are executed. The Walk To Stop Execution March ended up last Saturday, coinciding with the 13th World Day Against the Death Penalty, at the Statehouse in Columbus. The aim of the 83 mile walk was to call for an end to capital punishment as proposed in two bills pending in the House and Senate.During the march, walkers engaged residents of local communities in conversations about the death penalty.“We are living proof that the death penalty is broken beyond repair”Witness to Innocence, the national organization of wrongly convicted and exonerated death row survivors, also called on Cleveland for an end to the death penalty in Ohio. Members of the group said 155 men and woman in the U.S. have been wrongly sentenced to death since 1973 and claimed for reforms to prevent wrongful executions.“We are living proof that the death penalty is broken beyond repair. It's time to end the death penalty in Ohio and in the United States”, they assert."We hope that we can end this atrocity today," said one of the death row exonerees, Kwame Ajamu. "We hope that tomorrow's newspapers would say that there's no more death penalty. We know that this won't happen, but this is our goal."Kevin Werner, director of Ohioans to Stop Execution, agreed with him and claimed for higher standards for the execution process, even if he suggested that the best reform would be to abolish capital punishment.Ohio has carried out 53 executions by lethal injection since 1999 and last February there were 140 inmates on death row. There are 24 executions scheduled in this state for the next four years. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2005] => Array ( [objectID] => 4486 [title] => Iran: more than 800 people executed in 2015, 500 for drugs [timestamp] => 1444694400 [date] => 13/10/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iran-more-than-800-people-executed-in-2015-500-for-drugs/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/550874e1330c792007ef97f1eb798609_2-1-500x283.png [extrait] => Ahead of the 13th World Day Against the Death Penalty, Iran Human Rights is raising awareness about the implementation of the death penalty in Iran for drug-related offenses. Reports from the IHR website indicate that Iranian authorities have carried out more executions in 2015 than any other year in the past 25 years. [texte] => Reports by IHR show Iranian authorities have executed more than 800 people in 2015 (based on information collected until 8 October 2015) and a number of them may have been innocent. Mahmood Barati, a school teacher who was sentenced to death for a drug charge based solely on a false testimony given by another prisoner with a drug charge, is an example of an innocent prisoner who was hanged to death by Iranian authorities in 2015.500 of the prisoners who were reportedly executed in 2015 were sentenced to death for a drug related charge, and most of them belong to marginalized groups in Iranian society. Iranian authorities often deny prisoners with drug charges access to a lawyer and subject them to unfair trials and torture for the purpose of extracting confessions.Calling on the UNODC to make their cooperation conditional on a moratoriumThe United Nations' Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) cooperates with Iranian authorities in the fight against drug trafficking, and several European countries contribute directly or through regional projects to this cooperation. Iran Human Rights and several human rights NGOs have previously called on the UNODC to freeze its funding of Iran counternarcotic efforts. Several countries such as Ireland, Denmark and the UK have ceased their funding of the UNODC project in Iran, to "not contribute" directly or indirectly to the execution of several hundred people every year.On the occassion of the 13th annual World Day against the Death penalty, Iran Human Rights once again calls on the UNODC and countries who are funding UNODC projects in Iran to make their cooperation in the area of anti-narcotics conditional on a moratorium on the death penalty for drug offences."Iranian authorities have admitted that executions have not contributed to a reduction in drug crimes in Iran. As long as cooperation between UNODC and Iran continues, the UNODC and countries cooperating with Iranian authorities on law enforcement against drug trafficking must be held accountable for the annual arbitrary executions of several hundred people in Iran for drug offences," says Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, spokesperson for Iran Human Rights.New Report: Deadly InjusticeOn the occasion of the 13th World Day Against the Death Penalty Iran Human Rights, in collaboration with "Small media", also published an overview of the IHR's annual reports from 2011-2014 along with the first half of 2015.This report shows that the average daily number of executions have increase from under two executions each day in 2011-2014 to three daily executions in 2013. The report also highlights some of the victims of the Iranian authorities deadly injustice. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2006] => Array ( [objectID] => 4487 [title] => Imposing the death penalty has not reduced drug crimes in Asia -New Report [timestamp] => 1444435200 [date] => 10/10/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/imposing-the-death-penalty-has-not-reduced-drug-crimes-in-asia-new-report/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5875d7b4cf7ef811ab21c21d1deb3b58_2-1-500x178.jpg [extrait] => Death penalty for drug crimes in Asia: an illegal practice reveals report published on World Day by FIDH and the World Coalition [texte] => Asia is the continent that executes the most people for drug-related crimes. The report, published for the 13th World Day against the Death Penalty, analyzes how the death penalty is applied for drug-related crimes in Asia, evaluates the most common arguments used by governments to justify their use of this inhumane and illegal measure, and exposes why these arguments are unjustified.On the occasion of the release of this report, the FIDH and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, also published an interactive map indicating some key facts and figures on the death penalty in Asia over the last 10 years.The application of the death penalty to drug-related crimes also constitutes a clear violation of international human rights standards. International treaties have limited the use of the death penalty to the “most serious crimes,” but drug crimes do not meet that threshold and thus cannot be subjected to capital punishment."In addition to not reducing crime, the death penalty for drug-related offences is applied in a discriminatory manner against those in the most vulnerable situations," said Karim Lahidji, FIDH President. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Bangladesh [2] => China [3] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [4] => India [5] => Indonesia [6] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [7] => Japan [8] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [9] => Malaysia [10] => Maldives [11] => Myanmar [12] => Pakistan [13] => Republic of Korea [14] => Singapore [15] => Sri Lanka [16] => Taiwan [17] => Thailand [18] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2007] => Array ( [objectID] => 4488 [title] => International support for abolition is continuing to grow – foreign ministers [timestamp] => 1444348800 [date] => 09/10/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/international-support-for-abolition-is-continuing-to-grow-foreign-ministers/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/436c15d4613ed857815a7c98c3bd51e5_2-1-500x280.png [extrait] => The Declaration signed by 18 Foreign Ministers from different world regions, including several that are still on a path towards abolition of the death penalty, brings one common message: International support for abolition is continuing to grow, driven by an increasing awareness of the death penalty’s inherent risks and shortcomings. [texte] => The central aim of the Joint Declaration is to foster an open and constructive dialogue between abolitionist and “retentionist” countries. While the Declaration is respectful towards those who still have or use capital punishment, it also takes a firm stance in advocating that the death penalty should in fine be abolished everywhere. 2015 marks the 4th edition of this Joint Ministerial Declaration, initiated by Swiss Foreign Minister Didier Burkhalter with the support of Foreign Ministers from all world regions.Joint Declaration of October 10, 2015As we mark the World Day against the Death Penalty, we, Foreign Ministers, jointly call for a world which respects human dignity. The death penalty, a complex issue, continues to question the fundamental values of our societies and to challenge our respective understanding of criminal justice.We respect the views of those who still support the use of the death penalty, and we believe that everyone has a right to be protected from violent crime. However, we consider that state executions have no place anymore in the 21st century. Modern justice systems must aspire to more than retribution.The main objections to the death penalty are well known. Despite popular belief, there is no evidence supporting the claim that executions deter or prevent crime, including drug-related offenses - this year’s World Day theme. No justice system can ever be guaranteed free from error, meaning that death sentences may cause the innocent to be put to death. Often, capital sentences are disproportionately imposed on poor, vulnerable and marginalised persons, aggravating discrimination against the weakest in society. Finally, capital sentences fail to provide victims of crime and their families with either commensurate compensation or with spiritual relief. State killing only results in more hatred and violence - the exact opposite of what modern justice systems should be trying to achieve.This joint call, which we address to the world at large, is launched by Foreign Ministers of both abolitionist and non-abolitionist States. We recognize that exchange and cooperation are needed to move together towards more effective and more humane justice systems. Together, our countries have the experience and the drive to turn the death penalty into a sentence of the past. A vast majority of countries already supports worldwide death penalty abolition; we wish that all countries can soon join this trend.Signed by the Foreign Ministers of the following countries:Héctor Marcos Timerman (Argentina), Julie Bishop (Australia), Saliou Akadiri (Benin), Mauro Vieira (Brazil), Moussa Bédializoun Nébié (Burkina Faso), Manuel González Sanz (Costa Rica), Ratu Inoke Kubuabola (Fiji), Lener Renauld (Haiti), Edgars Rinkēvičs (Latvia), Béatrice Jeanine Atallah (Madagascar), Claudia Ruiz Massieu (Mexico), Lundeg Purevsuren (Mongolia), Børge Brende (Norway), Albert Ferreros del Rosario (Philippines), Grzegorz Schetyna (Poland), José García-Margallo y Marfil (Spain), Didier Burkhalter (Switzerland), Feridun Hadi Sinirlioğlu (Turkey) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Argentina [1] => Australia [2] => Benin [3] => Brazil [4] => Burkina Faso [5] => Costa Rica [6] => Fiji [7] => Haiti [8] => Latvia [9] => Madagascar [10] => Mexico [11] => Mongolia [12] => Norway [13] => Philippines [14] => Poland [15] => Spain [16] => Switzerland [17] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2008] => Array ( [objectID] => 4489 [title] => China reduces the number of crimes punishable by death to 46, but keeps drug trafficking in the list [timestamp] => 1444176000 [date] => 07/10/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/china-reduces-the-number-of-crimes-punishable-by-death-to-46-but-keep-drug-trafficking-in-the-list/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => China removes nine non-violent and rarely used criminal offenses from capital punishment. [texte] => The amended Criminal Law, which will take effect on Nov. 1, removed 9 crimes punishable by death including: smuggling weapons, ammunition, nuclear materials or counterfeit currency; counterfeiting currency; raising funds by means of fraud; arranging for or forcing another person to engage in prostitution; obstructing a police officer or a person on duty from performing his duties; and fabricating rumors to mislead others during wartime.It is the second time China has reduced the number of crimes punishable by death over the past 5 years. In 2011, the NPC Standing Committee dropped the death penalty for 13 crimes, reducing the list from 68 to 55.The death penalty is still used for a wide range of crimes, including non-violent crimes such as corruption and drug-related offenses. China remains the country with most executions in the world, estimated at 2,400 in 2014. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2009] => Array ( [objectID] => 4490 [title] => Saudi Arabia: “Killing in the Name of Justice” [timestamp] => 1444176000 [date] => 07/10/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/saudi-arabia-killing-in-the-name-of-justice/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/89997d43877f2dd05a6d507d65818f8e_2-1-500x280.jpg [extrait] => When it comes to the execution of death penalties, Saudi Arabia is one of the most prolific country in the world. This is what emerges from a new report published by Amnesty International in August 2015. [texte] => From August 2014 to August 2015, Saudi Arabia executed at least 175 persons, carrying out an average of one execution every 2 days.Despite the lack of transparency and the country’s tough conditions for conducting human rights’ research, Amnesty International collected data and testimonies from over 20 people on death row and the picture they drew is alarming.Saudi Arabia continues to apply the death penalty for a great number of non-lethal crimes (drug-related crimes, armed robbery, kidnapping, rape), and for not recognized criminal offences (apostasy, adultery, witchcraft, sorcery). In so doing, the country does not respect international laws’ restrictions and safeguards limiting the scope of death penalty to the “most serious crimes”.Saudi Arabia has repeatedly and increasingly violated international law by executing persons convicted for drug-related crimes. Over the past 5 years, a steady rise in executions for drug offences has been registered and capital punishments for drug crimes now amount to 47% of the total number of executions recorded in the years 2014 and in 2015, up to June. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2010] => Array ( [objectID] => 4491 [title] => Discussing the Death Penalty for Drug Crimes at the Human Rights Council [timestamp] => 1443571200 [date] => 30/09/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/discussing-the-death-penalty-for-drug-crimes-at-the-human-rights-council/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b4beb3a3697847a191986107617a4700_2-1-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The Advocates for Human Rights and Together against the Death Penalty (ECPM), in partnership with other members of the World Coalition, organized a Round Table on the issue of the death penalty for drug-related crimes. The event took place during the 30th Session of the UN Human Rights Council, on September 28, 2015. [texte] => What happens when policies supposed to protect the life of people end up taking life off of them?This has been one of the topic discussed at the side event organized by members of the World Coalition on the morning of the Human Rights Council Panel Discussion on the impact of the world drug problem on the enjoyment of human rights.Two weeks ahead the 13th World Day Against the Death Penalty, the round table developed a debate on the issue of death penalty for drug crimes. It also gave a start to the lobbying action onwards the next Special Session of the UN General Assembly on the World Drug Problem (UNGASS).Capital punishment is a contradictory weapon to fight drug crimes Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, the Executive Director of ECPM, opened the Round Table by presenting the current situation of the death penalty for drug-related offences to the audience, among which stood out around 50 delegations of States.Even if, since the 1980s, the general trend is towards the abolition of the death penalty, there are still 33 countries and territories that retain the death penalty for drug offences. In particular, the executions for drug-related crimes are increasing. It is dismaying to know that convictions to death are often applied to persons found guilty of the consumption, trafficking or possession of soft drugs, as cannabis. Clearly, this stands in opposition to the trend towards the decriminalization of soft drugs as, precisely, cannabis. It is intolerable that, while someone can freely make use of cannabis for not-medical use in Uruguay or in Oregon, someone else may be sentenced to death in Indonesia, if found guilty of dealing cannabis.The death penalty does not reduce drug crimesThe representative of Singapore insisted that the death penalty is an “effective deterrent” to counterbalance the drug trafficking in his country. However, no empirical research has ever proved that capital punishment, and the fear of being executed, act as a deterrence. On the contrary, the Executive Director of the International Drug Policy Consortium, Ms. Ann Fordham, displayed the negative effects of the fear of criminal sanctions. For instance, people who make use of drugs are often driven away from lifesaving harm reduction services by the fear to incur in criminal sanctions.Another point raised at the Human Rights Council Panel Discussion is that capital punishment is more likely to affect the mere bit players of the illicit drug trade. Thus, it does not really manage to break the chain of the illicit drug trafficking.UNODC must assume its responsibilitiesThe United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) bears his part of responsibility for the aggressive anti-drug policies implemented in certain countries. Mrs. Elizabeth Zitrin, President of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, underlined the role of UNODC in the struggle against the drug trade. Even if UNODC says to advocate the abolition of the death penalty, in practice, its standard-settings methods often end up to encourage capital convictions. On this issue, Mahmood Amirt-Moghaddam, the spokesperson for Iran Human Rights, discussed the exemplary case of Iran. Notwithstanding the aggressive Iranian anti-drugs policies, often encouraged by UNODC, no achievements have been made in relation to the reduction of drug crimes. Neither the increase in executions brought about positive results.Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM), International Educational Development (IED), Iran Human Rights (IHR), and the Kurdistan Human Rights-Geneva (KMMK-G) took also the opportunity to give a statement during the session calling UNODC and its donor countries cooperating with Iran to condition their cooperation on a moratorium on the death penalty for drug-related crimes.Which foreseeable progress?Both Ms. Ann Fordham and Ms. Flavia Pansieri, the UN Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, asserted the need to halt executions for offences that do not belong to the category of “most serious crimes”. According to the latest interpretations, drug-related offences do not fall under that category.Moreover, the UN Human Right Council presented its Report on Capital punishment and the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. One of its conclusion is that the imposition of the death penalty is incompatible with fundamental tenets of human rights.The idea of progress coming out from the Human Rights Council’s Side Event is clear: There must be no place for anti-drug policy violating the most fundamental rights. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2011] => Array ( [objectID] => 4492 [title] => The Law Commission of India (Almost) calls for Abolition [timestamp] => 1442275200 [date] => 15/09/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-law-commission-of-india-almost-calls-for-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2e6f7b39675b9aed84d95c520c2e908e_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The Law Commission of India published in August 2015 a Report on death penalty in which it recommends India to move towards the abolition of death penalty, with an exception for terrorism related crimes. [texte] => The publication of Report No. 262 marked an important shift in the Law Commission’s trend. Based on a wide consultation open to all interested parties, the report details the reasons for this conclusion.The Commission displayed empirical evidences questioning the deterrent effect of the death penalty. It points out that the Indian justice system is flawed and may conduct to arbitrary sentencing. It also touches upon the Indian death row conditions. Finally, it mentions the fact that the country is going against the worldwide trend towards abolition.The Commission had no choice but “to take the first step towards abolition of the death penalty for all offences other than terrorism related offences and waging war”.The World Coalition, together with several member organisations, contributed to the consultation in 2014. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2012] => Array ( [objectID] => 4493 [title] => Calendar of events for World Day 2015 [timestamp] => 1442275200 [date] => 15/09/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calendar-of-events-for-world-day-2015/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/89bba1171bf52e4209daa52c4aec2d68_2-1-500x249.jpg [extrait] => Browse the schedule and the map to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day. [texte] => The 13th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world.> Browse the schedule below or click on the map to find out what is happening in your country:> Get in touch with the World Coalition to announce the events you are preparing for October 10 and we will promote them widely on the internet!> Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organise an event, etc. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2013] => Array ( [objectID] => 18957 [title] => The Public Opinion Myth. Why Japan retains the death penalty [timestamp] => 1438732800 [date] => 05/08/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-public-opinion-myth-why-japan-retains-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this report, Mai Sato and Paul Bacon go beyond the simple results of opinion polls conductedrecently by the Japanese government, which show very high levels of support for the death penalty.Using a similar methodology and sample, the authors reveal that the majority of the population formtheir views on the death penalty with limited information and based on often inaccurate perceptions– for example, believing that the crime rate is increasing. Sato and Bacon also demonstrate thatpeople have a relatively low level of ‘psychological ownership’ when it comes to the future of the deathpenalty: the majority think that the government and experts should decide. Furthermore, discussionsabout the death penalty among participants increased tolerance towards those with different views –which, in turn, facilitated potential reform and change. [texte] => The PublicOpinion MythWhy Japan retains the death penaltyMai Sato & Paul Bacon©2015 The authorsAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or anyinformation storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors.Copies of this report may be obtained from:The Death Penalty Project8/9 Frith Street, SohoLondon, W1D 3JBAcknowledgementsThis report was made possible by grants from the United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office,the German Federal Foreign Office, the Norwegian Foreign Office and the European Commission.The Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs funded the production of a documentary – TheWavering Public? The Death Penalty, Justice and Public Opinion – based on the deliberative polldescribed in this report. Sincere thanks are also due to Mike Hough and Jessica Jacobson for theircomments and edits on the report, and the subtitles for the documentary. We are also grateful to theteam at CPL for their relentlessly efficient and detailed editing, and creative designing of the report.Many people helped to make the deliberative poll happen. Itaru Fukushima, Koichi Hamai, MaikoTagusari, Masaharu Harada, Masato Takahashi and Yuji Ogawara all contributed to the deliberativepoll as experts, setting out their varying positions on the death penalty. We are also grateful for thesupport and enthusiasm from the team at the Nippon Research Center – Hisako Kumada, MasatoAndo, Miori Kurimura, and Tomoya Ohyama – in making sure everything ran smoothly on the day.Many thanks, too, to the students at Waseda University, who helped guide 135 participants on theday. A very special thank you to Yo Nagatsuka and his colleagues for their collaboration in creating awonderful documentary out of what could have been a dry research project.The parallel survey would not have been possible without the help and expertise of Masayo Ando, atthe Shin Joho Center, in carrying out what was a ‘difficult and sensitive’ poll in the Japanese context.We would also like to express our sincere gratitude to Hidetoshi Nakamura and Sanae Yamazaki, atthe European Union Institute in Japan (EUIJ) Waseda, for their support and understanding.Lastly, the authors would like to thank Saul Lehrfreund and Parvais Jabbar, Executive Directors ofThe Death Penalty Project, for their continued support, kindness and patience over the years, and forgiving us the opportunity to launch this report in their publication series.ContentsAcknowledgements.............................................................................................................2Foreword............................................................................................................................9Editors’ Preface................................................................................................................. 10Headline Results............................................................................................................... 12Is Public Opinion Relevant?.............................................................................................. 14Human rights as a social construct...................................................................................... 14The official reason for retention: majority public support.................................................... 14Legitimacy of the ‘public opinion’ argument........................................................................ 15Do human rights trump public opinion?............................................................................. 16Data................................................................................................................................. 17The 1967 government survey............................................................................................... 17Parallel survey...................................................................................................................... 17Deliberative poll.................................................................................................................. 18Government Surveys......................................................................................................... 19The 2014 survey: from 80% to 34% support........................................................................ 19From measuring abolition to measuring retention.............................................................. 20Was 1967 a missed opportunity for abolition?.................................................................... 21How You Ask Really Matters.............................................................................................. 23Comparability of ‘parallel survey’ and 2014 government survey.......................................... 23Proportion of ‘committed’ retentionists............................................................................... 24Would Abolition Erode Legitimacy?.................................................................................. 25Who lives, who dies, who decides?...................................................................................... 25What would happen if the death penalty was abolished?.................................................... 26Which is Harsher? LWOP or Death?................................................................................. 27Is LWOP a game changer?.................................................................................................. 27Abolitionists are not always ‘humane’.................................................................................. 28Importance of remorse, not rehabilitation........................................................................... 30Miscarriages of Justice and Trust....................................................................................... 31Courts are highly trusted..................................................................................................... 31Miscarriages of justice: a real possibility?............................................................................ 32Having faith in science….................................................................................................... 33Knowledge, Secrecy & Deliberation................................................................................... 34Implication of secrecy and decision-making........................................................................ 34Correcting misconceptions?................................................................................................ 34Who are misinformed about what?..................................................................................... 35Attitudinal change after two days: deliberative poll............................................................. 36Differences of opinion: understanding, tolerance and acceptance........................................ 38Conclusion: Why does Japan Retain the Death Penalty?..................................................... 407List of FiguresFigure 1: Degrees of support for retention: 2014 government survey........................................... 19Figure 2: Asking the same question: 2014 government survey and parallel survey....................... 24Figure 3: Proportion of committed retentionists.......................................................................... 25Figure 4: How abolition may affect the respondents’ everyday lives.............................................. 26Figure 5: Retentionists’ views on abolition.................................................................................... 27Figure 6: Retentionists’ views on LWOP and abolition................................................................ 28Figure 7: Reasons for retention and abolition: parallel survey....................................................... 29Figure 8: Trust in institutions: retentionists and abolitionists....................................................... 32Figure 9: Deliberative poll: attitudinal change.............................................................................. 37List of TablesTable 1: Comparison of methodology: 2014 government survey and parallel survey.................... 18Table 2: Varying degrees of support.............................................................................................. 23Table 3: Perception of miscarriages of justice: retentionists and abolitionists............................... 33Table 4: Ranking of policies to prevent and reduce heinous crimes.............................................. 35Table 5: Knowledge items............................................................................................................. 36Table 6: Attitudes to differences in opinion: post-deliberation poll.............................................. 38AppendixReasons for retention and abolition: 1967 and 2014 government surveys..................................... 4189ForewordThere is a global trend away from the death penalty. As of June 2015, 160 countries have abolishedit in law or in practice. In 2014, a UN General Assembly resolution calling for an internationalmoratorium on the death penalty was supported by a record 117 member states. This tendency isexplained by increasing empirical evidence concerning wrongful convictions, the growing academicconsensus over the difficulty in proving deterrent effects, and data that shows the death penalty beingapplied disproportionately to marginalised groups. In some societies, however, the death penaltyremains deeply entrenched. Many leaders prefer to follow tradition and ‘majority opinion’ rather thanchallenge opinion and exercise leadership. They often quote results from public opinion polls and usethe ‘democracy argument’.In this report, Mai Sato and Paul Bacon go beyond the simple results of o [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyproject.org/knowledge/the-public-opinion-myth-why-japan-retains-the-death-penalty/ ) [2014] => Array ( [objectID] => 4494 [title] => The United States Supreme Court’s End of Term Death Penalty Opinion is Against the US Trend Away from the Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1436832000 [date] => 14/07/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-united-states-supreme-courts-end-of-term-death-penalty-opinion-is-against-the-us-trend-away-from-the-capital-punishment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/17a6e5d5ad7c541b304c49d637b98964_2-500x242.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty takes the opportunity to support the call of the United Nations Special Rapporteurs on Summary Executions and on Torture, for the establishment of a federal moratorium on the death penalty. [texte] => The death penalty has been a focus of attention in the United States in recent weeks and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty takes the opportunity to support the call of the United Nations Special Rapporteurs on Summary Executions and on Torture, for the establishment of a federal moratorium on the imposition of the death penalty with a view of abolishing it.A few short days after the Special Rapporteurs’ call for moratorium, the Supreme Court of the United States issued its decision in the case of Glossip v. Gross, which challenged the use of a lethal injection drug that has resulted in tortuous botched executions, with prisoners suffering in agony for as long as two hours. This practice is cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment and violates international human rights standards and instruments. The Court ruled that use if the drug is permitted.The members of the World Coalition find the Court’s language, written by Justice Samuel Alito, complaining that "[t]he prisoners failed to identify a known and available alternative method of execution….” to be inappropriate. Prisoners should not be assigned the responsibility for identifying a method for their own executions. Justice Sonia Sotomayor stated in her dissent,The court’s available-alternative requirement leads to patently absurd consequences.Petitioners contend that Oklahoma’s current protocol is a barbarous method of punishment — the chemical equivalent of being burned alive. But under the court’s new rule, it would not matter whether the state intended to use midazolam, or instead to have petitioners drawn and quartered, slowly tortured to death or actually burned at the stake.The World Coalition is also encouraged by the Justice Stephen Breyer’s dissent calling for the Court’s full consideration of whether the death penalty itself can still be considered constitutional.Even the federal death sentence for Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, for the bombing in Boston in 2013, is against trends in the US and in the world. He was sentenced in the state of Massachusetts, which has not had the death penalty for over 30 years, and has not executed anyone in over 70 years, and where the majority of the people oppose capital punishment.The available data on wrongful conviction and innocence is also informative, and particularly poignant and ironic at this time. In 1994, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, who voted with the Glossip majority to permit this lethal drug, wrote about the case of Henry Lee McCollum as an obvious example of a man who deserved to be put to death: “For example, the case of an 11-year-old girl raped by four men and then killed by stuffing her panties down her throat. How enviable a quiet death by lethal injection compared with that!” Mr. McCollum was exonerated last year and was pardoned in the same month that Glossip was decided, joining 153 other death row exonerees.This unfortunate decision is contrary to the trend in the US, where support for the death penalty has decreased and death sentences are at a 40-year low. Nebraska has become the 19th state to abolish the death penalty. And Justice Breyer’s dissent captures what many see as the inevitability of abolition in the United States:Today’s administration of the death penalty involves three fundamental constitutional defects: (1) serious unreliability, (2) arbitrariness in application, and (3) unconscionably long delays that undermine the death penalty’s penological purpose. Perhaps as a result, (4) most places within the United States have abandoned its use.For it is those changes, taken together with my own 20 years of experience on this Court, that lead me to believe that the death penalty, in and of itself, now likely constitutes a legally prohibited “cruel and unusual punishment.”The World Coalition joins the United Nations Special Rapporteurs on Summary Executions and on Torture in encouraging the government of the United States, and its Attorney General, the Honorable Loretta E. Lynch, to establish a federal moratorium on the death penalty as an essential measure until the United States abolishes the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2015] => Array ( [objectID] => 4496 [title] => The death penalty for drugs: a central point during the regional congress [timestamp] => 1435017600 [date] => 23/06/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-for-drugs-a-central-point-during-the-regional-congress/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1837ec21e881bf869d49cc7316f4f58f_2-500x253.jpg [extrait] => In Asia, death penalty for drug offences is one of the major issues. During the regional congress, two sessions addressed this issue. It is also the theme of this years’ World Day against the Death Penalty on 10 October 2015. [texte] => Senator Datuk Paul Low Seng Kuan, minister in the prime minister’s department in Malaysia, opened the regional congress by saying “policies are not working; drug mules are being caught when kingpin go free”. He explained that the Malaysian government was considering a reduction of the maximum sentence from death penalty to life prison. Say no to drugs at all costsRick Lines, executive director of Harm Reduction International, explained that “33 countries and territories maintain the death penalty for drug offenses. International drug control law is based on 3 UN conventions from 1961, 1971 and 1988. The 1988 convention creates an obligation for countries to adopt a domestic law against drugs. Article 3.5 of this convention highlights aggravating circumstances for drug trafficking.” As a consequence, without those aggravating charges, none of those drug crimes can be considered as most serious crimes in international law. Rick Lines also insisted on the expression « Particularly serious crime » used in the Convention. “What are the steps between most serious crimes, particularly serious crimes and serious crimes?” he asked.Ricky Gunawan, Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Maysarakat’s director, followed with the example of Indonesia. He explained that the population was raised with the “say no to drug” campaign. “It was easier for politicians to capitalize around this and gain sympathy”.Puri Kencana Putri, researcher for KontraS, also underlined the unfair trials some of the prisoners are exposed to. Rodrigo Gularte who was mentally ill was not accompanied by an interpreter and had no money to afford a lawyer. Putri also mentioned the issue of corruption and said that Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran were asked by the judges to pay 130 000 $ to receive a judgment of less than 20 years of jail.Planning ahead for the UNGASS on drugs Several side events were organized in parallel of the congress, including one on Iran and one on advocacy strategies on the death penalty for drugs and UNGASS by Harm Reduction International and the World Coalition ahead of World Day against the Death Penalty.Gloria Lai, from the International Drug Policy Consortium, spoke about the ineffectiveness and harmness of current drug policy measures. The last UN General Assembly Special Session on Drugs in 1998 focused on the total elimination of drugs from the world. “But today we are not in a drug free world, there are more drugs, more easily accessible and at a younger age” said Gloria Lai.The key to make things change is to have a strong civil society with an alliance between abolitionists and drug policy reform civil society. Rick Lines from Harm Reduction International said: “it is almost impossible to discuss human rights issues related to drugs, the focus on the death penalty is strategic”.Drugs and the death penalty relate to all abolitionist states whether they have citizens on death row for drugs abroad or whether they give money, equipment or training to arrest drug smugglers in states where they can face the death penalty. “How can you give money to a state which carries out executions to fight drugs?” asked Rick Lines. The 2016 UNGASS on the World Drug Problem will be a good opportunity to get civil society’s voice heard to highlight human rights violations, including the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2016] => Array ( [objectID] => 4497 [title] => World Coalition elects new decision-making bodies [timestamp] => 1434931200 [date] => 22/06/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-elects-new-decision-making-bodies/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/31f220519304fa7573a07fd7cbe3e9ac_2.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has elected a new Steering Committee and a new Executive Board to serve for two years. [texte] => During its General Assembly held after the Asian Regional Congress, the World Coalition elected 20 member organizations to its Steering Committee and 5 Executive Board members.> Check the list of Steering Committee membersThe statutory meeting also saw the adoption of the 2014 accounts and balance sheet, the 2014 activity report, the provisional budget and orientation report for 2015 as well as a modification of the By-Laws concerning the frequency of the General Assembly.The new Steering Committee met just after the General Assembly and elected from among its members an Executive Board made of five people: Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan (Ensemble contre la peine de mort - ECPM), Guillaume Colin (International Federation of ACATs - FIACAT), Kevin Rivera Medina (Puerto Rico Bar Association), Elizabeth Zitrin (Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights - MVFHR), Mostafa Znaidi (Organisation marocaine des droits humains - OMDH).In accordance with the by-laws, Guillaume Colin will serve as Treasurer, Elizabeth Zitrin as President, Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, Kevin Rivera Medina and Mostafa Znaidi will serve as Vice Presidents for two years.The Executive Board, under the delegation of the Steering Committee, has the responsibility for the general control, management, governance and legal issues concerning the non-profit association. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2017] => Array ( [objectID] => 4498 [title] => “We need to feel the reality of the death penalty” [timestamp] => 1434931200 [date] => 22/06/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/we-need-to-feel-the-reality-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f99525b76cfce87a949df83ce7dec000_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => So said Raphael Chenuil Hazan, director of ECPM, at the opening ceremony of the Asian Regional Congress in Kuala Lumpur. [texte] => Feel the public opinion around the death penaltyMathilda Bogner, OHCHR South East Asia regional representative, underlined the fact that politicians always use public opinion to justify the death penalty as support for the death penalty always remains high. As Chow Ying Ngeow, representative of ADPAN, mentioned, a debate on the death penalty can turn really emotional. “In Taiwan for example, people working for organizations against the death penalty receive threatening messages”, she said.Julian McMahon, the Australian lawyer who represented Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan, said that “one of the difficulties in Indonesia was the lack of knowledge of the population around the death penalty”. There is simply not enough public debate going on.The role of the media was also highlighted as they have a real impact on public opinion. For example, Tan Sri Muhammad Shafee Abdullah, Malaysian representative to the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights, acknowledged that media can “demolish potential kind gesture in diplomatic negotiations”.Feel the heavy legal system around the death penaltyIn Malaysia, the death penalty remains mandatory for a person sentenced for murder and drug trafficking. This is problematic in many ways, especially for drug trafficking when drug cases are the easiest cases to be found guilty for. As police officers have quota of the number of arrests to reach, they are more efficient in drug cases. Also, because of the bad image, “few lawyers in Indonesia want to be associated to this”. This is how Ricky Gunawan, Director of the Community legal aid institute in Indonesia, explained Indonesia’s addiction to death penalty.Once arrested, the burden of proof is too heavy. Steven Thiru, president of the Malaysian bar said “in Singapore, you have 3 presumptions of guilt. When you are found with a certain quantity of drug you are presumed trafficking. When you are found with an object in which there are drugs, you are presumed to be aware of it. Finally, you are presumed to know the kind of drug it was”. The person arrested, is mostly represented by an appointed lawyer with no money to hire experts and a proper defense.Chin-Hsien Chen, a Taiwanese judge, said “I understood the fact that wrongful conviction is something a judge cannot avoid.” But few judges actually acknowledge it. “I believe a judge against the death penalty is a lonely person”.Feel the issue of foreigners “In Indonesia, the great majority of the persons executed are foreigners. Would it mean that 99% of the traffic is made by foreigners?” Questioned professor Zimring. Foreigners which do not have a fair trial as they are often unable to understand the trial or do not have immediate access to a lawyer. “Most of the time, the local consulate only finds out about it in the local media”.Feel the denial of rehabilitation around the death penaltyThe power of rehabilitation must be acknowledged. Governments have to give a chance to a person to have a better life. Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan were examples of this as they totally changed their behavior, apologized for their mistakes and helped other inmates in jail. As Bishop Desmond Tutu, in a video broadcasted at the opening ceremony, said “there is no justice in killing in the name of justice. Hope is our strength and tolerance and forgiveness are our goals.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia [1] => Malaysia [2] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2018] => Array ( [objectID] => 4499 [title] => Regional Congress against the Death Penalty Live! [timestamp] => 1434067200 [date] => 12/06/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/regional-congress-against-the-death-penalty-live/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5a519c725e11725b9f7deaf7c1edff9f_2-500x374.jpg [extrait] => Follow the Asia Regional Congress against the Death Penalty organised by ECPM in partnership with ADPAN on 11-12 June 2015 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [texte] => Follow live discussions from the Asian Regional Congress on twitter#asianregionalcongress Tweets !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+"://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs");PROGRAMMEThursday 11 June10-12: Opening ceremony1.30PM to 3.30PM: Plenary session: DRUGS AND DEATH PENALTY4-5PM: Workshop 1: THE MANDATORY DEATH PENALTY5PM to 6PM Testimonies: JUDICIAL OFFICIALS/JUDGES/LAWYERSAND THE DEATH PENALTYFriday 12 June9AM to 10.30AM: First roundtable discussion: THE ELEMENTS OF UNFAIR TRIALS11AM to 12.30PM: Second roundtable discussion: DIPLOMACY AND DEATH PENALTY2PM to 3.30PM: Workshop 2: INGOs, DIPLOMACY AND DEATH PENALTY2PM to 3.30PM: Workshop 3: WORKING WITH THE VICTIMS’ FAMILIES2PM to 3.30PM: Workshop 4: TEACHING ABOLITION4PM to 5PM: Closing ceremonySaturday 13 June9AM to 4PM: General Assembly of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2019] => Array ( [objectID] => 4501 [title] => Worldwide abolitionists to focus on South-East Asia [timestamp] => 1430352000 [date] => 30/04/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/worldwide-abolitionists-to-focus-on-south-east-asia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/17c802fc5520b1ce786cedaaa65f2ca5_2-500x282.jpg [extrait] => The next general assembly of the World Coalition will take place on Saturday 13 June 2015 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, following the Regional Congress against the Death Penalty organised by ECPM in partnership with ADPAN on 11-12 June 2015. [texte] => It will be an excellent opportunity to emphasize the situation in South-East Asian countries and to link it with the next World Day, which will focus on the death penalty for drug offenses. It will also be the first ever general assembly of the World Coalition in Asia.Congress coordinator Timothy Maillard has just come back from a mission to Malaysia and talks about the preparation of the Regional Congress.Worldcoalition.org: What do you hope to achieve with this regional Congress?We wish above all to highlight the work done by abolitionist civil society in Asia, particularly ADPAN (Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network), to support them and give them greater visibility. The Congress is also an opportunity to exchange and share best practices, including from Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and possibly also on more secretive places such as Vietnam and Laos.The partnership with ADPAN is going well and during the preparation of the Regional Congress, we put them in touch with the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia, SUHAKAM. We would like to promote an alliance of national human rights institutions in the region on the issue of the death penalty and an alliance of the bar associations of the region, through the Bar Council of Malaysia.Finally, we wish to make the connection with parliamentarians, perhaps with an event at the Malaysian Parliament the day before opening the Congress if the Minister of Law agrees to convene it. We have also invited parliamentarians from the region in partnership with Parliamentarians for Global Action, hoping to establish a kind of regional parliamentary coalition.Worldcoalition.org: Who do you expect will take part?We are targeting 300 people, mostly from civil society: activists, NGOs, lawyers, parliamentarians, academics and journalists. We have invited the Minister of Law of Malaysia for the opening session, but there will be no other states represented. Regional representatives of intergovernmental organizations have already confirmed their participation, such as the Indonesian and Malaysian members of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR), representatives of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights who will present their recent report “Moving away from the death penalty - lessons in South East Asia”, and perhaps even representatives of the United Nations Office against Drugs and Crime.What would you like to say to abolitionists around the world to encourage them to participate in the event?We want to strengthen discussions on specific issues in the region, but sharing best practices go beyond the regional framework. For example, the issue of drugs is central to other parts of the world, such as Mexico. The issues of corruption and public opinion, which will also be addressed at this Congress, are all relevant for abolitionists. Finally, the recent events in Indonesia show that the issue of foreigners sentenced to death is relevant worldwide.You have just come back from Kuala Lumpur. What is the general feeling concerning the death penalty, given the recent executions in Indonesia?Surprisingly, in Kuala Lumpur, nobody spoke about the executions, neither in the street nor in the media. I attended a workshop on the death penalty in South Asia organized by several NGOs, including ADPAN in collaboration with the ASEAN People's Forum in Kuala Lumpur this week, and only Puri Kencana Putri, the representative of KontraS, spoke about the executions and the nationalist propaganda led by media in Indonesia. You know, in Malaysia, the death penalty remains quite secret. To get an idea of the number of death sentences and executions each year, civil society has to ask members of the parliament to raise the issue with the government because it is never made public. The Regional Conference will also help to raise the question of the death penalty in a country where it is rarely discussed.You may find all the information on the Regional Congress here: http://congres.abolition.fr/Participation in the event is free and open to all. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2020] => Array ( [objectID] => 4502 [title] => African Commission adopts draft Protocol on abolition [timestamp] => 1429833600 [date] => 24/04/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/african-commission-adopts-draft-protocol-on-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8e28b05655fe19686f2de03e66ba3873_2-1-500x278.jpg [extrait] => At its 56th ordinary session, the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights (ACHPR) put the abolition of the death penalty at the heart of its debates and adopted a draft regional treaty to help African Union member states move away from capital punishment. [texte] => An official panel discussion on capital punishment in Africa took place at the ACHPR session on April 22, 2015.The debate organized by FIACAT, FIDH and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty in collaboration with the Working Group on the Death Penalty in Africa of the ACHPR, addressed the issue of capital punishment in view of the adoption of an African Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty by the ACHPR later in this session.The event saw the participation of representatives of civil society, governments and the African commission.Moving forward: the importance of adopting a regional protocol Sylvie Zeinabo Kayitesi, chairperson of the ACHPR and of the Working Group on the Death Penalty in Africa, introduced the draft protocol to the participants. She stressed the importance of its adoption to encourage abolition and increase the protection of the right to life under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.In its final communiqué, the ACHPR said it had adopted the "draft Protocol to the African Charter on Human and peoples’ rights on the Abolition of the death Penalty in Africa". The draft protocol is now before the African Union.The draft protocol also received the support of the government of Niger represented in the panel by Mamane Oumaria, chief advisor to the Prime Minister. Mr. Oumaria described his government’s efforts on the path towards abolition with the support of civil society organisations such as ACAT Niger and the Nigerien Coalition against the Death Penalty.After approving a bill to adopt the UN Protocol on abolition in October 2014 and voting in favour of the UN General Assembly moratorium resolution in December 2014, the government of Niger is now hoping for support from the Parliament to move towards abolition in law. Finally, M. Oumaria proclaimed his government’s official support for the African protocol on the abolition of the death penalty.Regional progress and difficultiesRepresenting FIACAT and the World Coalition, Paul Angaman outlined the progress made in Africa in the last few years. Nowadays, 18 out of 54 African Union member states have abolished the death penalty in law, 19 have a moratorium and 17 retain the death penalty.Civil society’s efforts and strategies to move towards abolition in Africa were presented by Andrew Songa from the Kenya Human Rights Commission, who painted a picture of the situation in his own country which still has a moratorium.A few member states took the floor in order to express their position and present the difficulties encountered in the path towards abolition. Representative of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Algeria said that for different reasons, namely conflict and heinous crimes, moving towards definitive abolition of the death penalty was impossible for them.But the representative of Togo, an abolitionist country since 2009, encouraged fellow member states to get rid of capital punishment as a way of improving their human rights record.The moderator of the panel, FIDH representative Mabassa Fall, wrapped up the session by applauding the ACHPR’s efforts in favour of the abolitionist cause and encouraged the swift adoption of the draft African Protocol to move forward in the process of strengthening legal instruments for the protection of human rights in Africa. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2021] => Array ( [objectID] => 4503 [title] => Abolitionist NGOs lobby to educate UN member states in Geneva [timestamp] => 1429660800 [date] => 22/04/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-ngos-lobby-to-educate-un-member-states-in-geneva/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/24d0eca7ad18da6bc83d543a47bb2b7c_2-500x290.jpg [extrait] => Several World Coalition members carried out intense advocacy activities during and after the March session of the Human Rights Council to prepare for the coming UPR session, during which Liberia, Malawi and the USA will be examined. [texte] => Abolitionist NGOs have a major role to play in the Universal Periodic Review mechanism, during which the human rights situation in each United Nations member state is scrutinized by its peers. Besides writing a report on the death penalty in their countries, they may lobby UN member countries to educate their representatives on issues and concerns to be raised during the review. Outreach may target embassies, consulates, and missions to the United Nations in Geneva.UPR-Info pre-sessionUPR-Info is a Geneva-based NGO that facilitates the participation of other NGOs in the UPR process. For example, they organise one-hour meetings between NGOs and UN Member states to share their knowledge about the situation of the death penalty in the countries to be reviewed before their UPR.“The pre-sessions offer permanent delegations the opportunity to be informed on the status of implementation of recommendations made during the previous review, while providing space for civil society to influence the process by lobbying several delegations at once” says UPR-Info’s Website.Before the 22nd session of the Universal Periodic Review to be held late April-early May 2015 in Geneva, representatives of FIACAT, ACAT Liberia and the World Coalition took part in one of these pre-sessions to share their concerns about human rights in Liberia. Bilateral meetings with representatives of UN member states interested in the issue were also conducted after the pre-session and discussions with OHCHR’s staff have helped ensure the sustainable monitoring of the situation in Liberia. Meetings at the SerpentineAn alternative to this pre-session (where the number of NGOs speaking is limited) is direct lobbying during the Human Rights Council session before the UPR session. There, the work is very different than the well-organised pre-session meetings and whoever was attending the Human Rights Council during the last week of March could not miss the team of dedicated volunteers from the Advocates for Human Rights running everywhere with materials in hands from the Council’s main room to the Serpentine bar, and from to the side events back to the Council’s room to deliver a statement.Joan Kuriansky, one of the volunteers wrote: “The Serpentine Lounge in Building E, otherwise known as the home of the Human Rights Council in the United Nations Office in Geneva, Switzerland (…) is two floors below the formal major chamber (…) It is a hub of activity against a mellow Geneva landscape. Delegates are in earnest conversations with each other and NGOs to learn from each other and no doubt try to persuade one other. Of the many opportunities I have had here over the week “working,” the Serpentine Lounge has been one of the most energizing. (…) My colleagues and I are meeting with delegates from literally every part of the world. (…) Not only do we share our recommendations and hand the delegates fact-filled one-pagers, we get the chance to learn about the values and politics of countries we may never visit.”Before the trip, Lisa Borden, another volunteer, was reported to say that “she had never thought before about ways to use international pressure to make changes to death penalty laws in the United States”. “It sort of opened my eyes to a new avenue of maybe advancing the ball," she said.During the week, Borden said she would approach delegates from pre-identified target countries, hand them a one-page synopsis of proposed recommendations and ask if they would meet in the UN’s Serpentine Lounge. The meetings would usually last between five and 30 minutes, she said. “The countries are looking for something the US might actually listen to,” she said.Delegates from all the countries will have a total of three-and-a-half hours to stand up and make recommendations to the US - giving each nation only a few minutes to address any human rights topics. “It has to be laser focused,” Borden said.Credit photo: https://spititoutblog.wordpress.com/2013/06/08/geneva-the-un-and-much-much-more/ [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2022] => Array ( [objectID] => 4504 [title] => Death sentences and executions 2014 [timestamp] => 1427846400 [date] => 01/04/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-sentences-and-executions-2014/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a0449aa5a65dd4d5b4993db4a7853f96_2-500x254.png [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2014. As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives; reporting by other civil society organizations; and media reports. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. [texte] => Amnesty International recorded executions in 22 countries in 2014, the same number as in 2013.1 At least 607 executions were carried out worldwide, a decrease of almost 22% compared with 2013. As in previous years, this figure does not include the number of people executed in China, where data on the death penalty is treated as a state secret. At least 2,466 people are known to have been sentenced to death in 2014, an increase of 28% compared with 2013. This increase was largely due to sharp spikes in death sentences in Egypt and Nigeria, where courts imposed mass sentences against scores of people in some cases.An alarming number of countries that used the death penalty in 2014 did so in response to real or perceived threats to state security and public safety posed by terrorism, crime or internal instability. For example, Pakistan lifted a six-year-long moratorium on the execution of civilians in the wake of the horrific Peshawar school attack. The government also pledged to execute hundreds of people on death row who had been convicted on terrorism-related charges. China made use of the death penalty as a tool in the “Strike Hard” campaign, which the authorities characterized as a response to terrorism and violent crime in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region.Violations of international lawThere is no evidence that the death penalty has a greater deterrent effect on crime than terms of imprisonment. Where governments present the death penalty as a solution to crime or insecurity they are not only misleading the public but – in many cases – failing to take steps to realize the goal of abolition recognized in international law.Many of those states that retain the death penalty continued to use it in contravention of international law and standards. Unfair trials, “confessions” extracted through torture or other ill-treatment, the use of the death penalty against juveniles and people with mental or intellectual disabilities, and for crimes other than “intentional killing” continued to be concerning features of the use of the death penalty in 2014.Despite these concerns, the world continues to make progress towards abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2023] => Array ( [objectID] => 4505 [title] => Greater Caribbean for Life addresses Inter-American Commission on death penalty in their region [timestamp] => 1426723200 [date] => 19/03/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/greater-caribbean-for-life-address-inter-american-commission-on-death-penalty-in-their-region/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4426f4817a5e58ddfb5561ae84dcd676_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => On Monday, 16 March 2015, the Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) addressed the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) on issues relating to the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean, during a dedicated thematic hearing held at the Organisation of American States (OAS) headquarters in Washington, D.C., USA. [texte] => GCL, a regional NGO working towards the abolition of the death penalty, shared information about its work and highlighted the main human rights challenges linked to the continued presence of capital punishment in the legal systems of thirteen countries of the Greater Caribbean Region.Leela Ramdeen, Chair of GCL said: “The time is long overdue for people in the Caribbean region who wish to find more sustainable, long-term solutions to crime and violence to lift their voices against the inhumanity of the death penalty. Let us encourage governments in the region to find alternatives to the death penalty. While GCL continues to campaign and work towards better responses to the needs of victims and their families, we believe that the death penalty does not make societies safer. We are thankful for the opportunity to address the IACHR and to share our recommendations with Commissioners.”“Address crime without violating human rights”“Today’s hearing before the IACHR is an historic event, in which the abolitionist civil society of the Greater Caribbean raised its vital voice against the obsolete practice of the death penalty. This event will certainly incentivize an honest dialogue in the Americas about the need to address violence and crime by our governments without the violation to human rights incarnated by the capital punishment”, stated Carmelo Campos Cruz, GCL’s Deputy Chair.Watch a video of the hearing below, which alternates between Leela Ramdeen speaking English and Carmelo Campos Cruz speaking Spanish.GCL urged the Commission to issue the following recommendations targeted at all Member States of the OAS, particularly those that still retain the death penalty:1. Sign and/or ratify the international and regional instruments which aim at the abolition of the death penalty.2. Strengthen the criminal justice systems in our countries by, among others actions, improving their law enforcement agencies, their detection and conviction rates, their forensic capabilities, and Court facilities which may serve to improve efficiency and processing of cases.3. Request retentionist Member States of the OAS to provide accurate and ongoing information to the IACHR about the persons sentenced to death and their demographic characteristics.4. Build on the positive developments in the region and establish a moratorium on executions, with a view to abolish capital punishment and commute all death sentences to terms of imprisonment.5. For the special case of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, request that the Government of the United States immediately declares a moratorium in the application of the Federal Death Penalty Act in Puerto Rico and prohibits their use in court proceedings.6. Take appropriate action to address the root causes of crime, employ innovative and effective strategies to reduce crime, address the needs of the victims of crime, and find non-lethal means to protect society from offenders.During their visit to Washington, GCL’s representatives will also meet with officials of the IACHR, as well as with representatives of permanent missions to the OAS and abolitionist organisations located in the US capital.Photo: CIDH/Flickr [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda [1] => Argentina [2] => Bahamas [3] => Barbados [4] => Belize [5] => Bolivia (Plurinational State of) [6] => Brazil [7] => Canada [8] => Chile [9] => Colombia [10] => Costa Rica [11] => Cuba [12] => Dominica [13] => Dominican Republic [14] => Ecuador [15] => El Salvador [16] => Grenada [17] => Guyana [18] => Haiti [19] => Honduras [20] => Jamaica [21] => Mexico [22] => Nicaragua [23] => Panama [24] => Paraguay [25] => Peru [26] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [27] => Saint Lucia [28] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [29] => Suriname [30] => Trinidad and Tobago [31] => United States [32] => Uruguay [33] => Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2024] => Array ( [objectID] => 4506 [title] => At least 1,193 executions since Hassan Rouhani’s election as president in Iran [timestamp] => 1426204800 [date] => 13/03/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/at-least-1193-executions-since-hassan-rouhanis-election-as-president-in-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fe89d3fee624218ee91f39e5ade65d6f_2-500x253.jpg [extrait] => The annual report on the death penalty in 2014 shows that the Iranian authorities have executed more than 1193 people since the election of President Rouhani in June 2013. This is an average of more than two executions every day. [texte] => On Tuesday March 12, Iran Human Rights (IHR) and Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM) presented IHR’s seventh annual report on the death penalty in Iran.Download the PDF version of the full reportDespite the optimism and hope after the election of Mr. Hassan Rouhani as the Iranian president, there are few indications that the human rights situation in the country has improved. In fact, a comparison of the 18 months before and after the presidential elections of June 2013 shows that the use of the death penalty has in fact increased.Even worse, the number of juvenile offenders executed in 2014 is at its highest annual rate since 1990.In addition, Iranian authorities continue execution for non-violent civil and political activists. Executions of Arab teachers, Hadi Rashedi and Hashem Shabani, who belonged to an Arabic cultural group called “Al-Hiwar” (dialogue), Gholamreza Khosravi, charged with giving economic support to a banned opposition group and Mohsen Amir Aslani charged with insulting the Prophet Jonah and heresy, are just few examples of this practice. The Iranian Supreme Court upheld the death sentence for Soheil Arabi, for insulting the Prophet on Facebook and he remains in danger of execution.Government responsibility for public executionsAccording to the Iranian constitution, the government, led by the President, doesn’t have the authority to issue and implement executions. The judiciary is the body directly involved.However, public executions seem to be the exception to this rule. The government (represented by the local governor) does have the authority to decide whether an execution should be carried out in public or not.For example, in 2014, the governor of the Sistan and Baluchistan Province (Southeastern Iran) had initially disagreed with the public execution of three alleged terrorists in his province. This decision was later changed (possibly due to political pressure) and the prisoners were hanged in public.This means that although the judiciary makes the initial decision of carrying out the executions in public, the government, if willing, can in fact prevent public executions. Therefore, the government, led by the President, is equally responsible for the high numbers of public executions in Iran.Presidential influence on the use of the death penaltyAlthough we have observed a slight decrease in the number of public executions, Iran is among the very few countries that implement public executions. In fact, Iran is, together with Saudi Arabia, on top of the list of countries implementing public executions.On the other hand, there is an increase in the total number of executions during the presidency of Hassan Rouhani. Although the judiciary, and not the government, have the authority to issue and implement death sentences, nor the President or his government representatives have even once criticized the high number of executions in Iran.It seems that Mr. Rouhani’s government is not preoccupied with the issue of the death penalty. However, this can be changed if the countries involved in a dialogue with Iran put it on the agenda. The government is normally the counterpart in the dialogue between Iran and the international community.High-level meetingsIn 2014 there have been high level meetings between the Iranian authorities and governments of many Western countries. In addition to visits by hundreds of lawmakers and politicians from the Western countries, top EU officials and foreign ministers of several countries including Norway, Sweden, Italy, Spain and Austria have visited Tehran. Dozens of high level meetings involving Iranian leaders have taken place on the international stage.In spite of this level of engagement, the data collected by Iran Human Rights (IHR) and published in this report show that the number of executions conducted in 2014 is the highest in more than 15 years.This report raises the question whether the use of death penalty has been an issue in the bilateral dialogue between Iran and the countries which are the main promoters of abolition of the death penalty on the international scene. If the death penalty is an important issue in these talks, why are the execution numbers rising at the same time as the diplomatic relations are increasingly flourishing? And more importantly, what specific measures are the international community going to take in order to counteract this trend?Death penalty should be diplomats' top priorityCommenting the report Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, the director and spokesperson of IHR said, “Despite the improving relations between the international community and Iran, the situation of the death penalty has deteriorated significantly during the presidency of Hassan Rouhani. This trend cannot continue. Restriction of the use of the death penalty must be one of the top demands in any dialogue between the international community and Iran. It is time to show that human rights also benefit from these dialogues.”The present report is being published just days before adotion of Iran’s UPR at the Human Rights Council (HRC) where Iran will be responding to more than 290 recommendations, among them 39 specific recommendations on the death penalty. At the same time, public opposition to the death penalty is increasing inside Iran. There is an ongoing open debate on the issue of public executions.Further, some Iranian officials have indicated a need for change in the Anti-narcotic Law in order to decrease the execution numbers for drug-related offences. Further change in the legislation regarding the death penalty for juvenile offenders has also been mentioned. At the same time, a forgiveness movement is forming in Iran, where the families of the murder victims increasingly denounce the use of the death penalty as punishment.Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, the executive director of ECPM said, “Diplomatic relations and the UPR are good opportunities to improve the situation of the death penalty in Iran. But it demands a stronger will from the international community and Iran’s dialogue partners, particularly the European Union and its members.”Extend special rapporteur's mandateIHR and ECPM believe that extending the mission of the UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in Iran, close monitoring of the UPR recommendations accepted by Iran, conditioning further improvement of the relations with Iran on a reduction in the use of the death penalty and strengthening the Iranian civil society struggling against the death penalty, are the means by which the international community can contribute to restriction of the death penalty in Iran.IHR and ECPM further believe that abolition of the death penalty for juvenile offenders, public executions and death penalty for drug-related offences are the areas where significant progress can be made in 2015. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2025] => Array ( [objectID] => 4507 [title] => Moroccan Coalition tackles death penalty for terrorism [timestamp] => 1426204800 [date] => 13/03/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moroccan-coalition-tackles-death-penalty-for-terrorism/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/12de75947f63524aa0cd24c66af872f2_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The Moroccan Coalition against the Death Penalty held its AGM in Rabat on 27 and 28 February. An unprecedented debate around the death penalty related to terrorism took place during the event. [texte] => The Moroccan Coalition, which dedicated its annual general meeting to the theme “the death penalty, revenge and damage to dignity”, reported that the Opening Session welcomed a hundred of diplomatic, political, academic, parliamentary and civil society representatives personalities from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and the European Union.The Moroccan authorities were represented by Mustapha Raissouno, member of the National Human Rights Council, and Abderrazak Rouane, secretary general of the Inter-ministerial Delegation for Human rights.Two key workshops took place during the AGM: one concerning “the death penalty in the MENA region” which saw national coalitions from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Jordan and Mauritania share their experience experience; and a session on “Terrorism and the death penalty” during which activists, lawyers and terror victims shared discussed ways to address the consequences of terrorism on abolitionists strategies.“The room was always full”For the first time in an Arab country, a public debate was held on the theme of terrorism and the death penalty. According to Together against the death penalty (ECPM), a partner in the event, the issue generated keen interest among the participants: “The room was full from 3pm to 8pm, said ECPM’s programmes director Nicolas Perron. The exchanges were really rich. The audience asked a lot of questions.”As a world plague which has not spared the Arabic world, terrorism rekindles the death penalty, ECPM noted. In Jordan, six terrorists were executed at the beginning of the year after a Jordan pilot was burnt alive by so-called Islamic State militants. In Pakistan, a few months after the Peshawar attack that killed 141 people, including 132 children, the government announced the lifting of the moratorium on executions, in place since 2008, for terrorism cases.In Cameroon, under Boko Haram’s threat, the president signed anti-terrorism legislation in December that extends the scope of the death penalty. But is the death penalty an efficient solution to fight terrorism? Is it a viable and just response? The debate is far from being settled. “In light of the interest the subject aroused in Rabat, we intend to repeat this debate in other countries in the Middle East and North Africa, said Nicolas Perron. We wish to make this a regional issue.”Thirty educators trained to teach abolitionThe Moroccan Coalition’s members then approved its activity report and elected new steering committee members. The Maghreb Coalition Against the Death Penalty gathered its own steering committee, which decided to act on the case of Mohammed Cheikh, a blogger sentenced to death for apostasy in Mauritania.In parallel, a workshop entitled « Teaching abolition : exchange of experience and tools » was led by Mustapha Mezroui, manager of the « Teaching abolition of the death penalty » project of the Moroccan Human Rights Organization; Tanya Awad Ghora, member of the Lebanese Association for Civil Rights; and Marianne Rossi, Education project manager for ECPM. This Thirty human rights activists and Moroccan teachers took part in the session. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2026] => Array ( [objectID] => 4508 [title] => Opinion leaders meet to discuss death penalty abolition in Niger [timestamp] => 1426204800 [date] => 13/03/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/opinion-leaders-meet-to-discuss-death-penalty-abolition-in-niger/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c9d3b6bdfec4f9947afa21c64b1320e6_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => FIACAT and ACAT Niger, in collaboration with the Nigerien Coalition against the Death Penalty, organised a seminar to raise awareness of the abolition of the death penalty in Niamey (Niger) on 10 and 11 March 2015. [texte] => Niger has applied a moratorium on executions since 1976 but jurisdictions continue to sentence criminals to death. In January 2011, Niger accepted recommendations by the United Nations Human Rights Council at the 10th session of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) to abolish the death penalty and to ratify the UN Protocol on abolition.To implement these recommendations, the Nigerien government approved a bill authorising accession to this Protocol on 23 October 2014. If the bill is adopted by parliament, Niger would become abolitionist for all crimes. The bill was sent to the National Assembly and is likely to be examined during the current parliamentary session in May 2015.Call for vote on abolition lawTo accompany this process, FIACAT and ACAT Niger organised a seminar with 25 Nigerien opinion leaders (imams, pastors, priests, tribal chiefs, magistrates, lawyers, trade unionists, journalists, representatives of civil society organisations and members of the National Human Rights Commission) to strengthen their ability to advocate for the abolition of the death penalty.The participants attended a number of talks on the death penalty in Islam, Christianity and in Nigerien tradition and the role the media can play in sensitizing the public. These talks were followed by numerous debates.At the end of the meeting, the participants adopted a final declaration which urges Nigerien members of parliament to vote in favour of the bill on the abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Niger [1] => Niger ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2027] => Array ( [objectID] => 4509 [title] => Capital punishment abolished in Suriname [timestamp] => 1425600000 [date] => 06/03/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/capital-punishment-abolished-in-suriname/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2f1e8daab4dca361c6668d8e3e31dc00_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The Parliament of Suriname (photo) has abolished the death penalty in law, setting an example for the Greater Caribbean - a major front line in the global fight against capital punishment. World Coalition member organisation Parliamentarians for Global Action provided crucial support for abolition in Suriname. [texte] => Parliamentarians for Global Action welcomes the abolition of the death penalty by the Parliament of Suriname on 3 March, 2015, in the framework of the discussions regarding the adoption of the new Criminal Code.Although executions had not been carried out in Suriname since 1927, Suriname was still a retentionist country. PGA has been working for a few years to generate political will for the abolition, leading to the creation of a bi-partisan group in the Parliament, which made the abolition possible.Thus, PGA congratulates its National Group in Suriname led by Ms. Ruth Wijdenbosch, Deputy Speaker and Member of the Executive of PGA and Mr. Hugo Jabini, Chair of the PGA Suriname Group for its relentless efforts which led to the historic decision to abolish the death penalty from the Criminal Code of Suriname.Indeed, significant progress has been made in Suriname thanks to the commitment and leadership of Dr. Ruth Wijdenbosch, who had already announced the swift abolition of the death penalty in June 2014 during the Annual Assemby of the World Coalition against the death penalty in Puerto Rico. Already in December 2014, her decisive mobilisation and the one of the National Group, had led Suriname to change its position at the United Nations General Assembly to vote in favour of Resolution on the Moratorium on the use of the death penalty.By leading the commission who prepared this work, PGA Member Mr. Hugo Jabini played a key role in this achievement.International supportThis important development for Suriname is therefore the culmination of the work of Surinamese parliamentarians who had also benefited from the visits of peers, such as Mr. Greg Mulholland, MP, member of the UK All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) for Abolition of the Death Penalty, chaired by PGA Member Baronness Vivien Stern, during a visit organized by the International Commission against the Death penalty.This is the first abolition which PGA contributed to, since the launch of the Global Parliamentary Platform for the Abolition of the death penalty in 2013, which aims to support, enhance and maximise the impact of the individual initiatives of parliamentarians worldwide on the abolition of the death penalty, as well as to launch and coordinate targeted campaigns in selected countries to ensure concrete advancement of abolition processes. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Suriname [1] => Suriname ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2028] => Array ( [objectID] => 4510 [title] => Applause for Pennsylvania’s death penalty moratorium [timestamp] => 1424649600 [date] => 23/02/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/applause-for-pennsylvanias-death-penalty-moratorium/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fcbc7426a185ac8d674ea45b188e8ec4_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Newly elected Governor Tom Wolf placed a moratorium on executions in Pennsylvania on 13 February until concerns about the fairness of the state’s death penalty system are addressed. [texte] => The Governor’s action is part of a growing movement to abandon the practice. Pennsylvania is the fourth state in four years to impose a moratorium on the death penalty, in addition to six states that have abolished the practice since 2007.In a public memorandum explaining his decition, Tom Wolf wrote that this was a campaign pledge, adding: "If the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is going to take the irrevocable step of executing a human being, its capital sentencing system must be infallible."A defendant should no longer be "more likely to be charged with a capital offense and sentenced to death if he is poor or of a minority racial group, and particularly where the victim of the crime was Caucasian," the governor argued. He added: "Pennsylvania’s sy stem is riddled with flaws, making it error prone, expensive, and anything but infallible.""I think Governor Wolf realizes that when you have more exonerated prisoners than executed prisoners in 30 years, the system handed to you was obviously broken," said Nick Yarris, who was exonerated by DNA evidence after serving 21 years on Pennsylvania’s death row.Parallel with CaliforniaAccording to the Death Penalty Information Center’s 2014 Year End Report, the country saw the lowest number of death sentences handed down in 40 years and the lowest number of executions in 20 years. Though California still houses the largest death row in the country, a Field Poll last year found that support for the death penalty was falling rapidly, with voters’ support at its lowest point in half a century."I applaud the decision by Governor Wolf to join the growing number of states putting a stop to this costly and broken system," said Matt Cherry, executive director of Death Penalty Focus, a World Coalition member organisation based in California. "The writing is on the wall: it’s time for California to follow suit and officially abolish the death penalty."The parallels between Pennsylvania’s death penalty system and California’s system are undeniable. Pennsylvania has spent over $350 million on the death penalty over a period of time during which only 3 people have been executed and it currently houses the 5th largest death row in the country. Similarly, California could save $130 million a year by abolishing the death penalty, which has been on hold since 2006. This has placed California in first place for the largest death row in the nation.District attorney challenges moratoriumPhiladelphia District Attorney Seth Williams, however, filed a challenge to governor Tom Wolf’s moratorium on 18 February, on legal and constitutional grounds.The "Free Mumia!" French Support Group, also a World Coalition member organization, highlighted that Seth Williams was “an ardent and active defender of capital punishment”, including through his action to maintain Mumia Abu-Jamal’s death sentenced through years of court proceedings. The black activist and journalist is no longer on death row but remains in prison.In challenging the Pennsylvania moratorium, Seth Williams is also seeking the execution of Terrance Williams, scheduled for 4 March. This would be the first execution in the State since 1999. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2029] => Array ( [objectID] => 4511 [title] => Fiji abolishes death penalty for all crimes through amendment to military law [timestamp] => 1424649600 [date] => 23/02/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/fiji-abolishes-death-penalty-for-all-crimes-through-amendment-to-military-law/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/524c65487c4ba344d3293ccb89f1b7fa_2-500x250.png [extrait] => On 9 February 2015, Attorney General Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum introduced in parliament the Republic of Fiji Military Forces amended Bill 2015, a one page bill to abolish the death penalty provision. [texte] => Despite strong statements by the opposition, claiming that the death penalty would deter its military from staging coups, the Parliament passed the Bill on 10 February 2015 with 29 votes in favour, 1 vote against, nine abstentions and 11 absent.The Attorney General told Parliament there was a growing international trend to remove the use of capital punishment from all laws and also referred to Fiji’s Constitution that every person had the right to life and must not be deprived of life.During the last UN General Assembly in December 2014, for the first time, Fiji voted in favour of the resolution entitled “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”.Fiji abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes in 1979 and removed the last references to the death penalty in its penal code and in the Crimes Decree in 2002. The only remaining reference to the death penalty existed in the RFMF Act, which referred to the UK Army Act of 1955 which had a provision on the death penalty.There are now 100 abolitionist countries for all crimes, 6 abolitionist for ordinary crimes (the category Fiji belonged to before this law), 34 abolitionist in practice and 58 retentionist countries. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Fiji ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2030] => Array ( [objectID] => 4512 [title] => World Coalition members share knowledge on UN advocacy [timestamp] => 1424304000 [date] => 19/02/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-members-share-knowledge-on-un-advocacy/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4fe9de2ec2209ef1b0929f27d1c7becb_2-500x257.jpg [extrait] => Asil Abuassba, a Palestinian intern with World Coalition member organisation The Advocates for Human Rights, attended a training session to help global activists submit reports on the death penalty situation in their countries to UN bodies. [texte] => As someone who is from a Muslim country, I was shocked to learn that stoning exists in Iran’s penal code and is carried out in public.I became aware of the severity of the death penalty in Iran and the United States during the Advocates for Human Rights’ January 22 training on death penalty advocacy for the Universal Periodic Review (UPR). Led by Jennifer Prestholdt, Rosalyn Park, and Amy Bergquist, the training addressed civil society’s role in advocating against the death penalty by participating in the UPR process.The training also surveyed a long list of death penalty issues in countries around the world, including: capital punishment for non-violent and other less serious crimes; imposition of the death penalty on child offenders and people with mental disabilities and mental disorders; mandatory imposition of the death penalty for certain crimes; limitations on the right to appeal a conviction in capital cases; use of torture to extract confessions and in the process of imposing the death sentence; death row conditions; and wrongful convictions.The Universal Periodic ReviewThe Universal Periodic Review is the UN Human Rights Council’s “peer review” mechanism for monitoring human rights around the world. The UPR is a periodic review of human rights in all UN member states. During the “interactive dialogue” of the UPR, UN member states can make recommendations to the state under review. NGOs and other groups can submit “stakeholder reports” and then later lobby to try to influence those recommendations. The training presented best practices for writing stakeholder reports and working with partner organizations in bringing their issues to the United Nations for the UPR. The presenters emphasized the importance of ensuring that information in stakeholder reports is accurate and useful. They also highlighted the importance of proposing powerful, effective recommendations.The Advocates regularly submits UPR stakeholder reports to address human rights issues. Recently, while assisting with a report on the death penalty for the UPR of Lebanon, I discovered that executions in Lebanon are commonly linked to poverty.The spillovers from the Syrian civil war and the so-called Islamic State make Lebanon politically unstable; the resulting humanitarian crisis may increase the likelihood of Lebanon imposing death sentences for crimes arising out of poverty.People from around the world joined the trainingIn advance of the training, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty notified its members that they could participate remotely through a live weblink and dial-in line. Representatives from an impressive list of NGOs — including Kisarawe Paralegals Organization (Tanzania), MRU Youth Parliament (Sierra Leone), ECPM (France), Lifespark (Switzerland), Lawyers Without Borders (Nigeria), Rescue Alternatives (Liberia), Coalition mauritanienne contre la peine de mort (Mauritania), ACAT (Liberia), and Droits et Paix (Cameroon) — registered to attend the training remotely.The Advocates serves on the World Coalition’s steering committee, and partners with its members based in countries that retain the death penalty to collaboratively advocate at the United Nations.If you missed the training or want to see it again, you may access the video below and download useful tools in the right column of this page.Illustration above: Iran’s method of execution by stoning. A country’s method of execution for capital offenses can be raised in Universal Periodic Review submissions, particularly if it is a cruel and inhuman, practice such as stoning. Picture credit: Amnesty International UK [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions [2] => Fair Trial [3] => Innocence [4] => Intellectual Disability [5] => Juveniles [6] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2031] => Array ( [objectID] => 4514 [title] => Mental health seminar takes Malawi a step closer to resentencings [timestamp] => 1422403200 [date] => 28/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mental-health-seminar-takes-malawi-a-step-closer-to-resentencings/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7e389136378b7f2922eec626b852740b_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The Malawi Human Rights Commission (MHRC) held a two-day seminar on mental health evaluations in preparation for the resentencing of nearly 200 individuals after their mandatory death sentences were deemed unconstitutional. [texte] => The prisoners became entitled to be resentenced in 2007, when the Constitutional Court ruled the mandatory death penalty unconstitutional on the grounds that it was inhuman and degrading punishment and that it denied the accused the right to a fair trial.The seminar had over 50 participants including mental health clinicians, judges, lawyers, paralegals, prison officers and international experts who shared their experiences in dealing with individuals with mental health issues in the criminal justice system.At the opening of the seminar on 15 January, Grace Malera, the executive secretary of the MHRC, said that the participants should see the seminar as an “opportunity to build a body of knowledge that we can use in these sentence re-hearing processes and use as references in future cases”. She later described the session as one of the MHRC’s “most successful”.Whilst the death penalty remains on the statutes in Malawi, it is now reserved for the ‘worst of the worst’ cases. The sentence re-hearings will give prisoners the opportunity to present mitigating evidence before the court so that a judge may be persuaded to hand down a sentence other than death.The aim of the seminar, which received funding from Tilitonse Fund, was to explore the importance of presenting mental illness and intellectual disability as mitigating factors in the sentence re-hearings.There are growing concerns worldwide that the death penalty unfairly targets mentally ill or intellectually deficient people who failed to receive adequate care, and causes more mental health issues among death row prisoners. Those issues were the focus of the 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty.Most prisoners have mental health issuesHarry Kawiya, a mental health clinician who helps conduct regular clinics at Malawi’s maximum security prison, highlighted that the majority of the prisoners present with mental health issues.“We want to exhaust all areas of mental health [for the sentence re-hearings]”, proclaimed Ndumanene Silungwe, another mental health expert.Clifford Msiska of the Paralegal Advisory Service, whose team of paralegals goes into villages to conduct investigative interviews on a wide range of mitigation themes including mental health, said: “Let us go back to our offices and make use of the knowledge we have gained and let us work together.”Participants were provided with a number resources at the seminar including a best practices manual for representing individuals facing the death penalty.Justice Frank Kapanda from the Supreme Court of Malawi said at the close of the seminar: “Listening to all the things that were said was so enlightening. I’m sure all of us have learnt what resentencing should be like.”“Criminal justice is a collaborative action. Each of us has a role to play and you can be assured of the judiciary’s commitment to this project’s success,” he added.Photo: Tom Short and Harriet McCulloch [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi [1] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2032] => Array ( [objectID] => 4515 [title] => Indonesia: execution for drug crimes is no solution [timestamp] => 1422230400 [date] => 26/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/indonesia-execution-for-drug-crimes-is-no-solution/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/87433a8e8670baf63ea4346c0a0ffcd5_2-500x262.jpg [extrait] => In an open letter, the World Coalition and its members, including KONTRAS and Amnesty International, condemn the Indonesian government’s politicizing of the death penalty to show its commitment to eradicating drug-related crimes. Recent resumptions of executions show one thing, they are carried out for political reasons only: in Pakistan to show that it is tough on terrorism, Jordan that it tough on crime and Indonesia that it is tough on drugs. Instead, those states should abolish the death penalty to show their commitment to upholding human rights. The next World Day against the Death Penalty will be dedicated to the issue of capital drug crimes. [texte] => We strongly condemn the executions of six death row prisoners in Indonesia that took place on 18 January, 2015. All executed prisoners had been convicted of drug trafficking: Marco Archer Cardoso Moreira (Brazilian); Namaona Denis (Malawian); Daniel Enemuo alias Diarrassouba Mamadou (Nigerian); Ang Kiem Soei alias Kim Ho alias Ance Tahir alias Tommi Wijaya (Dutch); Tran Thi Bich Hanh (Vietnamese); and Rani Andriani alias Melisa Aprilia (Indonesian citizen).The implementation of the death penalty was used by the government to show its commitment to eradicating drug-related crimes. While the actual deterrent effect of executions on those crimes is yet to be demonstrated, it is clear that the executions were carried out in violation of a non-derogable right of every human being, the right to life.We are highly sceptical that the executions would effectively end drug crimes. Instead, the Indonesian government should take other measures to break the chain of crime and solve the issues involving organizations operating in complex criminal networks, while protecting the right to life of all persons as enshrined in national and international human rights law.It is also regrettable that the executions were carried out despite the recommendations of the UN Human Rights Committee, which has reviewed Indonesia’s implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and concluded, among others, in July 2013:“(Indonesia) should reinstate the de facto moratorium on the death penalty and should consider abolishing the death penalty by ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant. Furthermore, it should ensure that, if the death penalty is maintained, it is only for the most serious crimes. In this regard, the Committee recommends that the State party review its legislation to ensure that crimes involving narcotics are not amenable to the death penalty. In this context, the State party should consider commuting all sentences of death imposed on persons convicted for drug crimes.” (CCPR/C/IDN/CO/1, Para 10)As a matter of fact, the above recommendation was selected by the Human Rights Committee as one of the four key recommendations to be implemented within one year and to be reported back on by the State under the Committee’s follow-up procedure. However, the authorities of Indonesia have not only failed to fulfil their obligation under the ICCPR to implement the above recommendation in due time, but also took action contrary to them. The view of the Committee as expressed in 2013 has been re-iterated by its members during their unofficial follow-up visit to Indonesia between 13 and 16 January, 2015.Those on the death row, and those who have been executed, have their right to life guaranteed under Article 28A of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution and Article 6 of ICCPR, which is inalienable: it cannot be taken away under any circumstances. The government of Indonesia has ratified the ICCPR through Law No. 12/2005, thereby recognizing and accepting the obligation of Indonesia to implement the Covenant including its Article 6, which also sets in its para.6 the abolition of the death penalty as the goal for those States that still retain the death penalty. The UN Human Rights Committee has in fact stated in its General Comment no. 6 of 30 April 1982 that Article 6 of the ICCPR “refers generally to abolition in terms which strongly suggest that abolition is desirable”. The Committee concluded that “all measures of abolition should be considered as progress in the enjoyment of the right to life”. Furthermore, it is also regrettable that the executions were carried out by a member State of the UN Human Rights Council having the mandate of protecting and promoting human rights worldwide.Against this backdrop, it is high time for Indonesia, as a leading democratic country in the regional and international community with a significant role and influence, to demonstrate its commitment in upholding human rights by abolishing the death penalty, or at the very least to impose an official moratorium on all executions. The death penalty has no place in the world, in a modern legal system.Jakarta, January 22, 2015Amnesty InternationalCONECTAS (Brazil)INSEC (Nepal)Neglected and Insecure Citizens’ Empowerment (Pakistan)Indigenous perspectives (India)The Commission for The Disappeared and Victims of Violence (KONTRAS)The Centre for Civil and Political RightsThe Aboriginal Rights Coalition AustraliaCommunity of Sant’Egidio (Rome, Italy)World Coalition Against Death PenaltyPhoto: http://www.flickr.com/photos/comicbase/ [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2033] => Array ( [objectID] => 4516 [title] => Executions in Jordan and Pakistan show need to go beyond moratorium [timestamp] => 1421366400 [date] => 16/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/executions-in-jordan-and-pakistan-show-need-to-go-beyond-moratorium/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/baa3eec86b388080258d57a2edbf7c95_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition and its members have criticised decisions by the governments of Jordan and Pakistan to reverse their policy of suspending executions despite a historic vote in favour of a moratorium on the use of the death penalty at the UN General Assembly. [texte] => In the days following the horrific attack on a school in Peshawar on December 16, 2014, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif lifted a moratorium on executions and ordered the hanging of four death row prisoners. Meanwhile, Jordan executed eleven convicts for the first time in eight years.Although Pakistan’s decision officially concerned only cases of terrorism, the authorities have unveiled plans to execute up to 500 people. “At least 200 of them are not terror-related,” the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network noted. “It is even more disturbing [that] the government is about to execute someone who might have been wrongfully condemned, such as the case of Shafqat Hussain, who was allegedly tortured into confessing to murder and sentenced to death by an anti-terrorism court. He was 14 years old then,” ADPAN added.The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan denounced the executions as a way of “diverting public opinion”. “HRCP believes that tinkering with the informal moratorium on executions offers no solution to the challenge that Pakistan faces. The flaws in investigation and the overall criminal justice system need immediate attention to ensure certainty of just punishment and not merely quantum of it,” the Commission’s chairperson Zohra Yusuf said in a statement.Other World Coalition members including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have slammed Pakistan’s decision to lift its moratorium and highlighted the case of Sahfqat Hussain.Jordan executions unlikely to reduce crimeThe new UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein urged Pakistan and Jordan to reverse their decisions, which he described as “particularly disappointing given that just last week, a record 117 States voted in the UN General Assembly in favour of an international moratorium on the use of the death penalty”.The Jordanian government has argued that rising crime rates justified fresh executions.“The crime rate, historically, is not lowered by the imposition of capital punishment,” Zeid replied. “Instead, shocking cases emerge, with tragic frequency, of the execution of people who are subsequently proven innocent – including in well-functioning legal systems.”Zeid is a member of the Jordanian royal family and his criticism of the government has caused embarrassment in the country, noted Amman-based Haitham Shibli, the manager of Penal Reform International’s death penalty programme in the Middle East and North Africa. He added that the lifting of the moratorium had spurred Jordan’s civil society and parliamentarians to revive the fight for abolition.Shibli added that official police statistics link the increase in crime to the recent influx of hundreds of thousands of impoverished refugees from neighbouring Syria – not to the suspension of executions in 2006. “With events around us and radical movements threatening to infiltrate Jordan, the state wanted to send a message that it is strong and will do whatever it takes to ensure stability,” he said.World Coalition president Florence Bellivier said the recent executions in Jordan and Pakistan illustrated the fragility of moratoria in the face of political circumstances. “In cases of instability or in the run-up to elections, a moratorium can always be reversed. That is why abolitionists see it as a first step, but cannot be satisfied by it,” she said.Only full abolition of the death penalty can ensure the certainty that is required of penal law, she added. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jordan [1] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2034] => Array ( [objectID] => 4517 [title] => Fewest death sentences in 40 years in the US [timestamp] => 1421020800 [date] => 12/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/fewest-death-sentences-in-40-years-in-the-us/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/373251cdc9a8a28f1206400cf831e5cf_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The number of executions in the United States was at its lowest in 20 years and seven death row prisoners were exonerated in 2014. [texte] => With 35 executions this year, 2014 marks the fewest people put to death since 1994, according to a report released today by the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC).The 72 new death sentences in 2014 is the lowest number in the modern era of the death penalty, dating back to 1974. Executions and sentences have steadily decreased, as Americans have grown more skeptical of capital punishment. The states’ problems with lethal injections also contributed to the drop in executions this year.Executions decreased 10% compared to 2013 – from 39 to 35 – continuing an overall decline since 1999, when there were 98 executions. The number of states carrying out executions – seven – was the lowest in 25 years.80% of executions in three statesJust three states – Texas, Missouri, and Florida – accounted for 80% of the executions. For the first time in 17 years, Texas did not lead the country in executions, being tied with Missouri at 10.Death sentences — a more current barometer than executions — have declined by 77% since 1996, when there were 315. There were 79 death sentences last year. This is the fourth year in a row that there have been fewer than 100 death sentences.“The relevancy of the death penalty in our criminal justice system is seriously in question when 43 out of our 50 states do not apply the ultimate sanction,” said Richard Dieter, DPIC’s Executive Director and the author of the report. “The U.S. will likely continue with some executions in the years ahead, but the rationale for such sporadic use is far from clear.”Death row prisoners exonerated three decades laterSeven people who had been on death row were exonerated in 2014, the most since 2009. Three men in Ohio were cleared of all charges 39 years after their convictions, the longest time of any death row exonerees. Two others in North Carolina were freed after 30 years in confinement. Since 1973, 150 people have been exonerated and freed from death row.Individual state developments illustrate the growing isolation of death penalty use:· the number of executions has declined in 11 of the past 15 years. In 1999, 20 states carried out executions; in 2014, only 7 states did so;· for the seventh year in a row, Texas had fewer than a dozen death sentences, a sharp decline from 1999, when it had 48;· California (14) and Florida (11) provided 35% of the death sentences in the country;· Washington Governor Jay Inslee announced that no executions would take place while he is governor, joining the governors of Oregon and Colorado in halting executions;· in California, a federal judge declared the state’s death penalty unconstitutional.Mental health an emerging issueMental disabilities loomed as an emerging issue in 2014. The Supreme Court struck down Florida’s restrictive standards for determining intellectual disability in capital cases.The pending execution of a paranoid schizophrenic inmate in Texas (Scott Panetti) drew opposition from evangelical leaders, mental health professionals, and many others. A federal court stayed the execution with just hours to spare. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Intellectual Disability [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2035] => Array ( [objectID] => 5888 [title] => Making the Media Work for You [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/making-the-media-work-for-you/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://mediapusher.eu/pressfreedom/downloads/making.the.media.work.for.you-ebook.pdf ) [2036] => Array ( [objectID] => 5955 [title] => Spectacle of the Scaffold? The Politics of Death Penalty in Indonesia [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/spectacle-of-the-scaffold-the-politics-of-death-penalty-in-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Simandjuntak's article comes back to the death sentences part of the "war against drugs" conducted by President Widjojo in Indonesia. In 2015, 14 drug convicts - mostly foreign nationals - have been executed. The article also comes back to the wide support to the death penalty in the country, on the debate on the presumed deterrent effect of the death penalty and on the political function of the capital punishment in Indonesia. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2015_46.pdf ) [2037] => Array ( [objectID] => 6014 [title] => The death penalty in China [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Featuring experts from Europe, Australia, Japan, China, and the United States, this collection of essays follows changes in the theory and policy of China's death penalty from the Mao era (1949–1979) through the Deng era (1980–1997) up to the present day. Using empirical data, such as capital offender and offense profiles, temporal and regional variations in capital punishment, and the impact of social media on public opinion and reform, contributors relay both the character of China's death penalty practices and the incremental changes that indicate reform. They then compare the Chinese experience to other countries throughout Asia and the world, showing how change can be implemented even within a non-democratic and rigid political system, but also the dangers of promoting policies that society may not be ready to embrace. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://www.exlibris.ch/fr/livres/livres-anglais/bin-lu-hong-liang/the-death-penalty-in-china/id/9780231170062 ) [2038] => Array ( [objectID] => 6015 [title] => The abolition of the death penalty in the United Kingdom. How it happened and why it still matters [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-kingdom-how-it-happened-and-why-it-still-matters/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Drawing on his own extensive advocacy experience in individual death row cases, Knowles traces the history of capital punishment in the UK, and in particular, the sequence of events that led to its abolition and analyses the impact that domestic and international law would have on any attempt to reintroduce it.Many lessons can be learnt from the United Kingdom’s experience. The movement to abolition was brought about by a combination of factors, including Parliamentary campaigning; changing attitudes towards social and penal affairs; and significantly, public disquiet over three controversial executions in the 1950s and a shocking series of miscarriages of justice cases that came to light in subsequent years. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/DPP-50-Years-on-pp1-68-1.pdf ) [2039] => Array ( [objectID] => 6018 [title] => Confronting the Death Penalty. How Language Influences Jurors in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/confronting-the-death-penalty-how-language-influences-jurors-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Confronting the Death Penalty: How Language Influences Jurors in Capital Cases probes how jurors make the ultimate decision about whether another human being should live or die. Drawing on ethnographic and qualitative linguistic methods, this book explores the means through which language helps to make death penalty decisions possible - how specific linguistic choices mediate and restrict jurors', attorneys', and judges' actions and experiences while serving and reflecting on capital trials. By focusing on how language can both facilitate and stymie empathic encounters, the book addresses a conflict inherent to death penalty trials: jurors literally face defendants during trial and then must distort, diminish, or negate these face-to-face interactions in order to sentence those same defendants to death. The book reveals that jurors cite legal ideologies of rational, dispassionate decision-making - conveyed in the form of authoritative legal language - when negotiating these moral conflicts. By investigating the interface between experiential and linguistic aspects of legal decision-making, the book breaks new ground in studies of law and language, language and psychology, and the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://global.oup.com/academic/product/confronting-the-death-penalty-9780199334162?cc=us&lang=en&# ) [2040] => Array ( [objectID] => 6027 [title] => Joint Statement on the Death Penalty in Bahrain [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/joint-statement-on-the-death-penalty-in-bahrain/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Joint statement calling on the government to immediately commute all death sentences; to investigate all allegations of torture made by persons sentenced to death, and to dismiss any and all convictions made on the basis of confessions obtained under conditions of torture; to re-impose a moratorium on the death penalty with a view towards abolishing the practice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://birdbh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2015.12.16-Death-Penalty-in-Bahrain.pdf ) [2041] => Array ( [objectID] => 6028 [title] => Joint Statement: The death penalty for drug-related offences [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/joint-statement-the-death-penalty-for-drug-related-offences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Joint Statement signed by Amnesty International, Anti Death Penalty Asia Network, Harm Reduction International,International Drug Policy Consortium, Penal Reform International and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty to highlightto Member States of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and the preparatory Board of the 2016 UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on drugs the continued use by some countries ofthe death penalty for drug-related offences despite clear restrictions set out in international law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.ihra.net/files/2015/12/09/Joint-statement-death-penalty1.pdf ) [2042] => Array ( [objectID] => 6029 [title] => America has abandoned the death penalty [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/america-has-abandoned-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2015, America had the lowest number of executions in 25 years. Of the 28 people executed, 68% suffered from severe mental disabilities or experienced extreme childhood trauma and abuse according to a new report released by Harvard Law School’s Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race & Justice. A significant number of the executed individuals had multiple mental impairments. Two individuals were executed despite doubts about their guilt. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.charleshamiltonhouston.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2015-CHHIRJ-Death-Penalty-Report.pdf ) [2043] => Array ( [objectID] => 6030 [title] => MADP 2015 Annual Report: Infographics [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/madp-2015-annual-report-infographics/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Missouri has had a surge in executions since 2008. The following data shows just how arbitrary and discriminatory Missouri’s death penalty system is. Such disparities in race, geography, and gender, are causes for concern that this system is broken and applied capriciously. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.madpmo.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2015-MADPMO-Annual-Report.jpeg ) [2044] => Array ( [objectID] => 6031 [title] => A year-end compilation of death penalty data for the state of Missouri : Annual Report 2015 [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-year-end-compilation-of-death-penalty-data-for-the-state-of-missouri-annual-report-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => MADP released its annual report which highlights some of the major problems with Missouri’s broken death penalty system. Here is a snapshot of the death penalty in Missouri in 2015: 6 executions in 2015 but no new death sentences in Missouri in 2015. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://madpmo.hoster904.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/MADPMO-Annual-Report-2015-FINAL.pdf ) [2045] => Array ( [objectID] => 6032 [title] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2015: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/texas-death-penalty-developments-in-2015-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This year, jurors in Texas imposed the fewest new death sentences since the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the state’s revised capital punishment statute in 1976. According to the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty’s (TCADP) report, Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2015: The Year in Review, juries newly condemned three individuals to death. They rejected the death penalty in four other trials. The first death sentence of the year was not imposed until October 7, 2015. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://tcadp.org/2015/12/15/texas/ ) [2046] => Array ( [objectID] => 6033 [title] => The Death Penalty in the U.S. in 2015: infographic [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-u-s-in-2015-infographic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/YearEnd2015#graphic ) [2047] => Array ( [objectID] => 6034 [title] => The Death Penalty in the US in 2015 : Year End Report [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-us-in-2015-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The use of the death penalty in the U.S. declined by virtually every measure in 2015. The 28 executions this year marked the lowest number since 1991. As of December 15, fourteen states and the federal government have imposed 49 new death sentences this year, a 33% decline over last year’s total and the lowest number since the early 1970s when the death penalty was halted by the U.S. Supreme Court. Only six states conducted executions this year, the fewest number of states in 27 years. Eighty-six percent of executions this year were concentrated in just three states: Texas (13), Missouri (6), and Georgia (5). Executions in 2015 declined 20 percent from 2014, when there were 35. This year was the first time in 24 years that the number of executions was below 30. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/2015YrEnd.pdf ) [2048] => Array ( [objectID] => 6035 [title] => Ethical Responsibilities of Physicians: Capital Punishment in the 21st Century [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ethical-responsibilities-of-physicians-capital-punishment-in-the-21st-century/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The American Medical Association is among many medical professional organizations that prohibit the participation of physicians in the physical act of execution. Despite these clear guidelines, debate remains regarding physician involvement in various aspects of death penalty cases. This article outlines different positions that physicians and specifically forensic psychiatrists have taken on this issue. Our position is that given the overwhelming secondary duty related to their physician role—specifically to do no harm—forensic psychiatrists should not use their expertise if they believe their involvement will be used for the primary purpose of obtaining a death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/psycann/2015-12-45-12/%7Bd9f5d1c5-500d-4119-b975-b30350ef85bc%7D/ethical-responsibilities-of-physicians-capital-punishment-in-the-21st-century ) [2049] => Array ( [objectID] => 6036 [title] => Battle Scars: Military Veterans and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/battle-scars-military-veterans-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) who have committed heinous crimes present hard cases for the American system of justice. The violence that occasionally erupts into murder can easily overcome the special respect that is afforded most veterans. However, looking away and ignoring this issue serves neither veterans nor victims. PTSD has affected an enormous number of veterans returning from combat zones. Over 800,000 Vietnam veterans suffered from PTSD. At least 175,000 veterans of Operation Desert Storm were affected by "Gulf War Illness," which has been linked to brain cancer and other mental deficits. Over 300,000 veterans from the Afghanistan and Iraq conflicts have PTSD. In one study, only about half had received treatment in the prior year. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/files/pdf/BattleScars.pdf ) [2050] => Array ( [objectID] => 6039 [title] => Activity Report 2014 [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/activity-report-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2014 Activity Report displays the overall situation of the death penalty in different geographical areas of the world: Africa, Middle East and North Africa, Asia-Pacific, Americas and Europe. The report shows the developments, as well as the challenges, in the struggle against the death penalty. Finally, it presents the new strategies that the World Coalition against the Death Penalty is going to develop in the next years. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP-ActivityReport2014-EN-1.pdf ) [2051] => Array ( [objectID] => 6043 [title] => The Death Penalty: Myths and Realities [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-myths-and-realities/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Penal Reform International's Report "Myths and Realities" provides ‘quick answers to common questions’ about the death penalty.The ‘myths’ covered include: ‘The death penalty keeps societies safer’, ‘the death penalty is applied fairly’, ‘there is nothing in international law to stop countries using the death penalty’, and ‘victims and relatives are in favour’. The booklet is a useful guide for activists and advocates of abolition, giving them the arguments they need to tackle common pre- and misconceptions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/PRI-DP-Myths-Realities-web.pdf ) [2052] => Array ( [objectID] => 6044 [title] => Justice Crucified: The Death Penalty in Saudi Arabia [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/justice-crucified-the-death-penalty-in-saudi-arabia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Reprieve's report analyses data on prisoners currently on death row in Saudi Arabia. It finds that 72 per cent of those prisoners whose alleged offences Reprieve has been able to determine were sentenced to death for non-violent crimes, including attendance at political protests and drug offences. Reprieve has also established that many prisoners estimated to have been executed in Saudi Arabia, since January 2014, had been sentenced to death for non-violent offences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015_10_14_PUB-Saudi-Arabia-DP-report.pdf ) [2053] => Array ( [objectID] => 6045 [title] => Flawed Justice: Unfair Trial and the Death Penalty in indonesia [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/flawed-justice-unfair-trial-and-the-death-penalty-in-indonesia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Despite strong protests from local and international human rights organisations, the new Indonesian administration under President Joko Widodo has executed 14 people, including Indonesian and foreign nationals, in 2015. All of them had been convicted of drug trafficking. In other occasions President Widodo also stated publicly that the government would deny any application for clemency made by people sentenced to death for drug-related crimes. This report, which builds on Amnesty International’s past work over three decades documenting the use of death penalty in Indonesia, includes research carried out during a March 2015 visit to the country. The report highlights 12 individual cases of death row prisoners, out of a total of 131 people on death row, which point to systemic problems in Indonesia’s administration of justice that resulted in violations of international human rights law and standards. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa21/2434/2015/en/ ) [2054] => Array ( [objectID] => 6046 [title] => 2015 World Day Against the Death Penalty: Not the Solution to Drug-Related Crimes [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2015-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-not-the-solution-to-drug-related-crimes/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Drug-related offences are still punishable with the death penalty in more than 30 countries despite clear restrictions set out in international law to limit use of the death penalty to the “most serious crimes”. The 2015 World Day Against the Death Penalty (10 October) draws attention to the use of the death penalty for drug-related offences as a human rights violation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/2634/2015/en/ ) [2055] => Array ( [objectID] => 6047 [title] => Bloodsworth an Innocent Man [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bloodsworth-an-innocent-man/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => BLOODSWORTH - An Innocent Man is a documentary memoir recounting Kirk Noble Bloodsworth's remarkable journey through the criminal justice system. An innocent man convicted and sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit, Kirk became the first death row inmate exonerated by DNA evidence in the United States.Set against the backdrop of his 2013 battle to repeal the death penalty in the State that sentenced him to death, BLOODSWORTH - An Innocent Man offers an intimate glimpse into what it is to wake to a living nightmare; an innocent man caught in the perfect storm of injustice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://bloodsworthaninnocentman.com/ ) [2056] => Array ( [objectID] => 6048 [title] => Last Day of Freedom [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/last-day-of-freedom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => When Bill Babbitt realizes his brother Manny has committed a crime he agonizes over his decision: should he call the police? Last Day of Freedom, a richly animated personal narrative, tells the story of Bill’s decision to stand by his brother in the face of war, crime and capital punishment. The film is a portrait of a man at the nexus of the most pressing social issues of our day – veterans’ care, mental health access and criminal justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uUqUEGAa4A ) [2057] => Array ( [objectID] => 6049 [title] => There Will Be No Stay [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/there-will-be-no-stay/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There Will Be No Stay is not a documentary about the death penalty. Not in any way you've ever seen before, at least. It is a film about the actual men who are tasked by society with carrying out the death penalty. This is a first-hand look at executioners, the pressures they’re put under, and the unbearable toll the act of taking another’s life has on their own. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://therewillbenostay.squarespace.com/ ) [2058] => Array ( [objectID] => 6050 [title] => Drugs and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/drugs-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Experience has proved that for certain governments it is not easy to balance international drug laws with human rights, public health, alternatives to incarceration, and experimentation with regulation.This Report intends to provide a primer on why governments must not turn a blind eye to pressing human rights and public health impacts of current drug policies. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/drugs-and-death-penalty-20151009.pdf ) [2059] => Array ( [objectID] => 6051 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Crimes in Asia [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-crimes-in-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report, published for the 13th World Day against the Death Penalty, analyzes how the death penalty is applied for drug-related crimes in Asia, evaluates the most common arguments used by governments to justify their use of this inhumane and illegal measure, and exposes why these arguments are unjustified. Asia is the continent that executes the most people for drug-related crimes. However, the death penalty has not proven to be effective in reducing drug crimes in Asia. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/asia_death_penalty_drug_crimes_fidh_wcadp_report_oct_2015_pdf.pdf ) [2060] => Array ( [objectID] => 6052 [title] => Deadly Injustice. Visualizing Executions in Iran 2011-2015 [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deadly-injustice-visualizing-executions-in-iran-2011-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the 13th World Day Against the Death Penalty, Iran Human Rights in collaboration with "Small media" published an overview of the IHR's annual reports from 2011-2014 along with the first half of 2015. This report shows that the average daily number of executions have increase from under two executions each day in 2011-2014 to three daily executions in 2013. The report also highlights some of the victims of the Iranian authorities deadly injustice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://iranhr.net/media/files/DeadlyInjustice.pdf ) [2061] => Array ( [objectID] => 6053 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2015 [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this new fourth edition of HRI's 'Global Overview' series, HRI updates its previous research on the death penalty for drugs worldwide, and it considers critical developments on the issue. While the report notes that there still are a troubling number of governments with capital drug laws, in practice very few states execute people for drugs. The number of people killed for drug-related offences is high because China, Iran and Saudi Arabia are aggressive executioners. Those governments that kill for drugs are an extreme fringe of the international community. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ihra.net/the-death-penalty-doesnt-stop-drug-crimes ) [2062] => Array ( [objectID] => 6054 [title] => How to answer the deterrence argument [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-to-answer-the-deterrence-argument/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => It was created to help all abolitionists answer the deterrent argument. It gives a definition of the deterrent theory, concrete reasons why academic studies have failed to prove the deterrent effect of the death penalty and compares figures about criminal rates in relation to abolition. It does not provide simple and easy answers, but explain, step by step, what to answer to those who believe that the death penalty has a deterrent effect. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2015_NoDeterrence-1.pdf ) [2063] => Array ( [objectID] => 6056 [title] => Social Media Toolkit [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/social-media-toolkit/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document has been developed to support you in getting behind and amplifying the World Day and launch of the report ‘The Death Penalty for Drug Offences Report – Global Overview 2015’ via social media on 8 October 2015. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2015WD-social-media-toolkit-1.pdf ) [2064] => Array ( [objectID] => 6060 [title] => Report No. 262. The Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-no-262-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Law Commission of India examines the status of the death penalty in the country. Even if Report No. 262 still considers appropriate to maintain the death penalty for terrorism related crimes, it marks an historic shift insofar it recommends India to move towards the abolition of the death penalty. The Law Commission thinks that abolitionism does not constitute a risky experiment anymore, since the Indian socio-economic and cultural environment has greatly changed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Government body report ) [url_doc] => http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/Report262.pdf ) [2065] => Array ( [objectID] => 6063 [title] => International Affairs Forum. Capital Punishment Around the World [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-affairs-forum-capital-punishment-around-the-world/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The summer issue of International Foreign Affaires focuses on the topic of capital punishment around the world. It collects articles and interviews dealing with the issues of death penalty, the path towards abolition, and the situation of capital punishment in the world. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.ia-forum.org/Files/IAF%20Summer%2020156.pdf ) [2066] => Array ( [objectID] => 6064 [title] => Sharia law and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sharia-law-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => PRI has witnessed the death penalty’s abolition in a majority of the world’s nations, but it continues to be used in most Muslim countries. One of the main reasons for this is the justification that it is permitted by the Quran, the Islamic holy book. In many Islamic countries which continue to carry out executions, the death penalty has become a taboo subject. Governments frequently use Sharia to justify why they retain and apply capital punishment, and this can seem to close discussion on the subject. However, Sharia law is not as immutable on the death penalty as many scholars or states say. Among the misconceptions about Sharia law is the belief that there is a clear and unambiguous statement of what the punishments are for particular offences. In fact, there are several different sources referring to punishments, and different schools of Sharia law give different weight to them. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/resource/sharia-law-and-the-death-penalty/ ) [2067] => Array ( [objectID] => 6065 [title] => Annexes 2014 World Day Report [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annexes-2014-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Annexes of the 2014 World Day Report [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-2014WorldDayReport_Annexes-1.pdf ) [2068] => Array ( [objectID] => 6069 [title] => 2014 World Day Report [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2014-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report presents the theme of 2014 World Day, facts on the death penalty and all the actions and media coverage for the 12th World Day on the progress made and challenges ahead. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-2014WorldDayReport-1.pdf ) [2069] => Array ( [objectID] => 6073 [title] => Facts and Figures 2015 [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2015/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Up-to-date information on the application of death penalty around the world in 2014 and 2015 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FactsFigures2015_EN-1.pdf ) [2070] => Array ( [objectID] => 6080 [title] => Prison guards and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/prison-guards-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => How are prison guards affected by overseeing prisoners on death row or even participating in executions? What effects does it have in the short and the longer term?This short paper draws on research and interviews with prison guards to outline the psychological impact that guards who have worked with prisoners for many years on death row can experience when a prisoner is put to death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/resource/prison-guards-and-the-death-penalty/ ) [2071] => Array ( [objectID] => 6081 [title] => Unfair trials report II: the death penalty is not the common value of Asia [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/unfair-trials-report-ii-the-death-penalty-is-not-the-common-value-of-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report highlights the death penalty situation and executions in Asian countries between 2010 and 2013. It also gives an overview over the legal protection measures for the mentally impaired and intellectually disabled in Asian countries where the death penalty is used. Furthermore, we have listed Asian countries that have acceded to the ICCPR and its Second Optional Protocol. We have also collected excerpts from international human rights documents. By using these documents for mutual reference, death penalty activists in Asia will be able to get a more comprehensive picture of the use of the death penalty and executions in Asian countries. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.taedp.org.tw/en/story/2794 ) [2072] => Array ( [objectID] => 6082 [title] => Voices and video from death row- Ghezelhesar mass-executions [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/voices-and-video-from-death-row-ghezelhesar-mass-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This video was made by IHR after the start of the executions of 77 prisoners in Ghezehesar prison. Two of the prisoners speak about the interrogations, torture, - You also see the last farewell of a prisoner before the execution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_9OlJtkmRQ&feature=youtu.be ) [2073] => Array ( [objectID] => 6083 [title] => Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty : report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-implementation-of-the-safeguards-guaranteeing-protection-of-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Economic and Social Council, by its resolution 1745 (LIV) of 16 May 1973, invited the Secretary-General to submit to it, at five-year intervals starting from 1975, periodic updated and analytical reports on capital punishment. The Council, by its resolution 1995/57 of 28 July 1995, recommended that the quinquennial reports of the Secretary-General should continue to cover also the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. By the same resolution, the Council requested the Secretary-General, in preparing the quinquennial report, to draw on all available data, including current criminological research. The present ninth quinquennial report reviews the use of and trends in capital punishment, including the implementation of the safeguards during the period 2009-2013. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/797115?ln=en ) [2074] => Array ( [objectID] => 6089 [title] => Strengthening death penalty standards [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/strengthening-death-penalty-standards/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Where the death penalty is applied, international law, jurisprudence and practice require that certain minimum standards are applied. The standards include international and regional treaties that are legally binding on states that have ratified them, customary international law that is binding on all states without exception, and non-binding standards and resolutions that nonetheless command the support of the majority of states. International understanding of these minimum standards has continued to evolve in the years since they were drafted, but the documents themselves do not always keep pace. This paper brings together international, regional and national standards, the most recent understandings of relevant experts and appropriate insights from other connected disciplines. It explores possible ways in which international minimum standards could be further strengthened at this time, whether through ECOSOC, the UN Human Rights Council, the UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, regional bodies or national amendments to laws and policies. In each section, the issue and current practice is described, followed by examples of good practice or suggestions for improvement, finishing with a short list of recommendations for strengthening existing standards. These issues and recommendations are not final, but are intended to provide a point from which discussion can begin. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/resource/strengthening-death-penalty-standards/ ) [2075] => Array ( [objectID] => 6092 [title] => Executing the Insane Is Against the Law of the Land. So Why Do We Keep Doing It? [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executing-the-insane-is-against-the-law-of-the-land-so-why-do-we-keep-doing-it/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A recent article in Mother Jones examines lingering questions in the determination of which inmates are exempt from execution because of mental incompetency. In 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Ford v. Wainwright that a person could not be executed if he or she was "unaware of the punishment they're about to suffer and why they are to suffer it." The 2007 ruling in Panetti v. Quarterman updated that decision, with Justice Anthony Kennedy writing, "A prisoner's awareness of the State's rationale for an execution is not the same as a rational understanding of it." Scott Panetti (pictured), the inmate involved in the 2007 case, knew that the state of Texas planned to execute him for the murder of his in-laws, but also sincerely believed that he was at the center of a struggle between God and Satan and was being executed to stop him from preaching the Gospel. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/03/scott-panetti-mental-illness-death-penalty ) [2076] => Array ( [objectID] => 6093 [title] => The American Death Penalty and the (In)Visibility of Race [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-american-death-penalty-and-the-invisibility-of-race/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In a new article for the University of Chicago Law Review, Professors Carol S. Steiker (left) of the University of Texas School of Law and Jordan M. Steiker (right) of Harvard Law School examine the racial history of the American death penalty and what they describe as the U.S. Supreme Court's "deafening silence" on the subject of race and capital punishment. They assert that the story of the death penalty "cannot be told without detailed attention to race." The Steikers' article recounts the role of race in the death penalty since the early days of the United States, including the vastly disproportionate use of capital punishment against free and enslaved blacks in the antebellum South and describes the racial and civil rights context in which the constitutional challenges to the death penalty in the 1960s and 1970s were pursued. The authors contrast the "salience of race" in American capital punishment law and practice through the civil rights era with the "relative invisibility [of race] in the judicial opinions issued in the foundational cases of the modern era." [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/6090 ) [2077] => Array ( [objectID] => 6094 [title] => Death sentences and executions 2014 [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2014. As in previous years, information is collected from a variety of sources, including: official figures; information from individuals sentenced to death and their families and representatives; reporting by other civil society organizations; and media reports. Amnesty International reports only on executions, death sentences and other aspects of the use of the death penalty, such as commutations and exonerations, where there is reasonable confirmation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/act50/0001/2015/en/ ) [2078] => Array ( [objectID] => 6095 [title] => Moving away from the death penalty [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moving-away-from-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present publication provides an extensive review of global trends in death penalty matters, a summary of the applicable international legal standards, and the current status of legislative reform related to the death penalty in South-East Asia. As a product of the OHCHR Regional Office for South-East Asia, this publication is intended to be a resource for further discussions in the region toward the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://bangkok.ohchr.org/files/Moving%20away%20from%20the%20Death%20Penalty-English%20for%20Website.pdf ) [2079] => Array ( [objectID] => 6097 [title] => What Caused The Crime Decline? [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/what-caused-the-crime-decline/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A new study by the Brennan Center for Justice examined several possible explanations for the dramatic drop in crime in the U.S. in the 1990s and 2000s. Among the theories studied was use of the death penalty, which the report found had no effect on the decline in crime. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/analysis/What_Caused_The_Crime_Decline.pdf ) [2080] => Array ( [objectID] => 6099 [title] => Annual report on the death penalty in Iran 2014 [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The seventh annual report of Iran Human Rights (IHR) on the death penalty gives an assessmentof how the death penalty was implemented in 2014 in the Islamic Republic of Iran.In addition to providing the number of executions that were conducted, the report alsolooks at the trends compared to previous years, the methods of execution, geographicaldistribution, the charges that were used by authorities to justify the executions and thearticles in the penal law that were used to issue the death sentences. Lists of the womenand juvenile offenders executed in 2014 are also included. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_2014_BDEF02.pdf ) [2081] => Array ( [objectID] => 6109 [title] => Female executions 2000 to date [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/female-executions-2000-to-date/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Listing of women executed worldwide reported per year, between 2000 and 2015. The majority have been hanged or beheaded, whilst others have been shot or executed by lethal injection. Two have suffered electrocution in America and at least five have been stoned to death in Afghanistan, Iran and Somalia. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/women.html ) [2082] => Array ( [objectID] => 6111 [title] => Change of Heart: Justice, Mercy, and Making Peace with My Sister’s Killer [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/change-of-heart-justice-mercy-and-making-peace-with-my-sisters-killer/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Jeanne Bishop has written a new book about her life and spiritual journey after her sister was murdered in Illinois in 1990. Change of Heart: Justice, Mercy, and Making Peace with My Sister's Killer tells Bishop's personal story of grief, loss, and of her eventual efforts to confront and reconcile with her sister's killer. She also addresses larger issues of capital punishment, life sentences for juvenile offenders, and restorative justice. Former Illinois Governor George Ryan said of the book, "When I commuted the death sentences of everyone on Illinois's death row, I expressed the hope that we could open our hearts and provide something for victims' families other than the hope of revenge. I quoted Abraham Lincoln: 'I have always found that mercy bears richer fruits than strict justice.' Jeanne Bishop's compelling book tells the story of how devotion to her faith took her face-to-face with her sister's killer .... She reminds us of a core truth: that our criminal justice system cannot be just without mercy." [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Change-Heart-Justice-Making-Sister/dp/0664259979/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1424362447&sr=8-1&keywords=change+of+heart+jeanne+bishop ) [2083] => Array ( [objectID] => 6126 [title] => Training on death penalty advocacy for the Universal Periodic Review of human rights [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/training-on-death-penalty-advocacy-for-the-universal-periodic-review-of-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Video recording of a training session by The Advocates for Human Rights on death penalty advocacy for the United Nations' Universal Periodic Review of human rights. Download the PowerPoint presentation here. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uo3HrQWmXBA ) [2084] => Array ( [objectID] => 6130 [title] => UPR death penalty stakeholder report template [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/upr-death-penalty-stakeholder-report-template/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Template for civil society submissions to the Universal Periodic Review of human rights organised by the United Nations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://theadvocatespost.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/upr-death-penalty-stakeholder-report-template.pdf ) [2085] => Array ( [objectID] => 6137 [title] => Will Wrongful Convictions Be a Catalyst for Change in Japanese Criminal Justice? [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/will-wrongful-convictions-be-a-catalyst-for-change-in-japanese-criminal-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Televised report on the flawed Japanese Justice System in an analysis of 2 exonorated prisoners from death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://japanfocus.org/site/view/4262 ) [2086] => Array ( [objectID] => 6138 [title] => Will Wrongful Convictions Be a Catalyst for Change in Japanese Criminal Justice? [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/will-wrongful-convictions-be-a-catalyst-for-change-in-japanese-criminal-justice-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article is a written explanation of the 12-minute Australian Broadcasting Corporation video of the same name. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://japanfocus.org/-David_T_-Johnson/4271 ) [2087] => Array ( [objectID] => 6139 [title] => An Innocent Man: Hakamada Iwao and the Problem of Wrongful Convictions in Japan [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/an-innocent-man-hakamada-iwao-and-the-problem-of-wrongful-convictions-in-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The main aim of this article is to explore the problem of wrongful convictions in Japanese criminal justice by focusing on the case of Hakamada Iwao, who was sentenced to death in 1968 and released in 2014 because of evidence of his innocence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://japanfocus.org/-David_T_-Johnson/4272 ) [2088] => Array ( [objectID] => 6140 [title] => Wrongful Convictions and the Culture of Denial in Japanese Criminal Justice [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/wrongful-convictions-and-the-culture-of-denial-in-japanese-criminal-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The release of Hakamada Iwao from death row in March 2014 after 48 years of incarceration provides an opportunity to reflect on wrongful convictions in Japanese criminal justice. My approach is comparative because this problem cannot be understood without asking how Japan compares with other countries: to know only one country is to know no country well. Comparison with the United States is especially instructive because there have been many studies of wrongful conviction there and because the U.S. and Japan are the only two developed democracies that retain capital punishment and continue to carry out executions on a regular basis. On the surface, the United States seems to have a more serious problem with wrongful convictions than Japan, but this gap is more apparent than real. To reduce the problem of wrongful convictions in Japanese criminal justice, reformers must confront a culture of denial that makes it difficult for police, prosecutors, and judges to acknowledge their own mistakes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://japanfocus.org/-David_T_-Johnson/4273 ) [2089] => Array ( [objectID] => 6158 [title] => Imprisoned by the Past: Warren McCleskey and the American Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/imprisoned-by-the-past-warren-mccleskey-and-the-american-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Imprisoned by the Past: Warren McCleskey and the American Death Penalty examines the long history of the American death penalty and its connection to the case of Warren McCleskey, revealing how that case marked a turning point for the history of the death penalty. In this book, Jeffrey L. Kirchmeier explores one of the most important Supreme Court cases in history, a case that raised important questions about race and punishment, and ultimately changed the way we understand the death penalty today. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199967933.do ) [2090] => Array ( [objectID] => 6715 [title] => The Death Penalty in China [timestamp] => 1420070400 [date] => 01/01/2015 [annee] => 2015 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-china-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Sky News Report discusses the administration of the death penalty in China; Innocent people who have been put to death, stealing the organs of the executed and the nature of the death penalty in China. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQoJ1SJ29g0&feature=related ) [2091] => Array ( [objectID] => 4518 [title] => Ugandan tour exemplifies abolitionist collaboration [timestamp] => 1419120000 [date] => 21/12/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ugandan-tour-exemplifies-abolitionist-collaboration/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c98e0ff920870166d287fa27621f67be_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => US-based World Coalition member Journey of Hope answers the call to tour Uganda and strengthen the fight against the death penalty in the country. [texte] => Collaboration between abolitionists is nothing new. Sometimes this is done on a grand scale, such as the triennial world congresses against the death penalty. But the global fight against the death penalty also benefits from partnerships on a smaller scale.The Journey of Hope... From Violence to Healing’s recent mission to Uganda in November at the request of former death row prisoner, Edward Mpagi, reminds us how effective collaboration between abolitionists can be at the local level.“I invited the Journey of Hope to come to Uganda to help me to create awareness among Ugandans about the dangers of the death penalty,” Mpagi said.The ‘Journey’ also helped launch Ugandans Against the Death Penalty which is now working on registering members country wide.“We had radio, TV talk shows, a press conference, we visited different schools, women death row prisoners and churches. That has created great awareness among the local population about the dangers of death penalty,” Mpagi said.“The Journey has sparked the fight against the death penalty in Uganda. I saw prominent religious leaders changing their stand on the death penalty after meeting the Journey's speakers," he remarked.Collaboration of this sort is desperately needed as some conservative politicians and religious figures have been pushing for homosexual acts to be punishable by death in recent years. The controversial “kill the gays bill”, however, was not enacted, much to the relief of the local LGBT community.More recently, abolitionists were pleased to see that the country abstained from voting on a United Nations resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. The country had previously voted against the resolution and signed the Note Verbale of Dissociation.Doors open to spread “love and compassion”The United States-based Journey of Hope and its founder Bill Pelke have a history of touring to spread the organisations simple message that the “Answer is love and compassion for all of humanity.”The Journey of Hope has travelled to 16 countries and about 45 states. Journeys are organized by the state or country coalitions hosting the event. “We could not hold successful events without the help of grass roots organizers in the state or country,” said Pelke.His first opportunity to tour Africa presented itself in 2010.Mpagi “asked me if the Journey of Hope could come to Uganda to help him in his lonely struggle against the death penalty. Doors opened and we were able to go to Uganda with a team of four and help plant seeds of abolition,” Pelke said.On the 2010 Uganda Journey, Pelke, Mpagi and two other American and Ugandan activists travelled to Rwanda for a meeting of 25 African nations on the issue of the death penalty.In 2014, Pelke had another opportunity to travel to Africa and contacted Mpagi again.“The Journey of Hope put together a team of ten for the return visit. Edward informed us that he would like to launch Ugandans Against the Death Penalty during our November 12-24 visit and that became one of our top priorities in our fundraising efforts,” Pelke said.“We receive no grants or any sort of major funding,” he noted. “For this Africa Journey there were over 160 personal donations and five national or state (abolitionist) organizations donated.”Photo : Scott Langley [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2092] => Array ( [objectID] => 4519 [title] => 117 countries vote for a global moratorium on executions [timestamp] => 1418947200 [date] => 19/12/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/117-countries-vote-for-a-global-moratorium-on-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d260465d8b8b61441edf9f428ae35f58_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The latest vote at the UN General Assembly shows wider support than ever for a resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => On December 18, 2014, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) reaffirmed for the fifth time since 2007 its wide support for the resolution “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, showing that the trend towards abolition is irreversible.Resolution A/RES/69/186, which already enjoyed increasing support during the vote of the UNGA’s Third Committee in November, was passed with a record 117 votes in favour, 38 against, 34 abstention and four absent.The resolution has gained support over the years and is now cosponsored by 94 States. The cosponsors have decided to reiterate what they had stated in the past, but also to introduce new elements to make the text stronger in encouraging all States to take further steps towards respecting international law and reducing the application of the death penalty.In particular, possibly as the result of the focus of World Day Against the Death Penalty 2014 on the death penalty and mental disorders, the paragraph of the text concerning vulnerable groups that was introduced in 2012 referring only to minors and pregnant women now mentions “persons with mental or intellectual disabilities” as well.Consular protection for foreign nationalsAnother important addition to the text is the paragraph concerning the protection of the rights of foreigners facing the death penalty, especially their right to receive consular assistance. Paragraph 5(b) calls on member states to respect their obligations under article 36 of the 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. The convention requires that states notify a detained foreign national of their right to inform their consulate or embassy of their detention so that they can receive assistance.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the increasing support for the resolution (+6 States) and congratulates the 117 governments that voted in favour of it. The World Coalition regrets that 38 States (-3) voted against the resolution and that 34 abstained. Four were absent.For the second time in a row, positive news came from Africa where Niger, Eritrea and Equatorial Guinea supported the resolution for the first time, while Uganda went from a negative vote to abstention, raising hope for abolitionists on the continent.In the Arab World, Tunisia reaffirmed the positive vote already expressed in 2012 and Bahrain moved from a negative vote to abstention.In Asia and the Pacific, Papua New Guinea, after a positive change in 2012, went back to opposing the resolution. Yet positive steps forward were taken by Fiji that voted in favour and Myanmar and Tonga that abstained.In the Caribbean, Suriname supported the resolution for the first time, showing the will to move towards abolition already expressed during the World Coalition’s general assembly meeting in June this year.The text of the new resolution requests the UN Secretary General to report to the General Assembly at its 71st session on the implementation of this fifth resolution. Another resolution on a moratorium will be then further discussed under the item “Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms” in 2016.Photo: UN/Ryan Brown [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2093] => Array ( [objectID] => 4520 [title] => UN: freeze funding of Iran counter-narcotics efforts [timestamp] => 1418774400 [date] => 17/12/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-freeze-funding-of-iran-counter-narcotics-efforts/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/910fc3287e288fa2b7e920a3b36594b6_2-500x262.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition and its members call on UNODC to stop support to Iran as executions for drug trafficking surge. [texte] => The United Nations agency charged with combating illicit drug trafficking should withdraw its support for counter-narcotics police operations in Iran until the death penalty for drug offenses is abolished, six rights groups said in a letter published today. The groups made the plea after Iran’s judiciary hanged 18 alleged drug traffickers within 24 hours on December 3, 2014, bringing the number of drug offenders executed in the country during 2014 to at least 318.Reprieve, Human Rights Watch, Iran Human Rights, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Harm Reduction International and the Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation said the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) should follow its own human rights guidance and impose “a temporary freeze or withdrawal of support” if “following requests for guarantees and high-level political intervention, executions for drug related offenses continue.” The six organizations warned the UNODC of “the widening gulf between Iran’s rhetoric and the realities of its justice system,” and described the agency’s decision to continue funding supply-side counter-narcotics efforts in the country as “ineffective if not counterproductive.”“As Iran executes alleged drug offenders in ever-greater numbers, it beggars belief that the UN sees fit to continue funding Iranian anti-drug operations,” said Reprieve director Maya Foa. “How many more hangings will it take for the UN to open its eyes to the lethal consequences of its current approach, and make its counter-narcotics support conditional on an end to the death penalty for drug offenses?”The UN agency’s records show it has given more than $15 million to “supply control” operations by Iran’s Anti-Narcotics Police, funding specialist training, intelligence, trucks, body scanners, night vision goggles, drug detection dogs, bases, and border patrol offices, the groups said. UNODC projects in Iran have come with performance indicators including “an increase in drug seizures and an improved capability of intercepting smugglers,” and an “increase of drug-related sentences.”The United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark have all chosen to withdraw their support from Iranian counter-narcotics operations administered by the UNODC because of concerns that this funding was enabling the execution of alleged drug traffickers. When announcing its decision to do so, Denmark publically acknowledged that the donations are leading to executions.The groups had previously written a letter to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon in May 2014 on the issue of UNODC counter-narcotics funding in Iran and Vietnam. In their letter, the groups expressed concern that UNODC continuing support of Iran’s counter-narcotics operations was “lending legitimacy” to executions of drug offenders. In an August 2014 response, UNODC Executive Director Yury Fedotov responded that his agency sought progress through “engagement and dialogue,” and that he was “gratified” by “potentially favourable developments regarding the application of the death penalty in relation to drug offenders in Iran.”Iran’s anti-narcotics law imposes a mandatory death sentence for manufacturing, trafficking, possession, or trade of five or more kilograms of opium and other specified drugs, and 30 or more grams of heroin, morphine, or specified synthetic and non-medical psychotropic drugs, such as methamphetamines. International law requires countries like Iran that retain the death penalty to impose it for only the “most serious crimes,” which does not include drug crimes.Although international law says that all death sentences should be subject to appeal, Iran has apparently limited appeals in drug-related cases. Figures suggest Iran is executing those charged with drug offenses in increasing numbers, despite recent calls for reform by the chair of the country’s Human Rights Council, Mohammad Javad Larijani, who said there were legislative efforts under way to end the death penalty for drug-related offenses.The rights groups are not aware of any pending legislation in parliament that would end, or even reduce, the number of executions related to drug offenses. On December 16, the Iranian Students’ News Agency reported that a high ranking official with the country’s counter-narcotics agency opposed the elimination of the death penalty for drug traffickers, noting that any changes in the law would have to be made by the Expediency Council, an advisory body to the Supreme Leader, and not Iran’s parliament.Harm Reduction International and Human Rights Watch previously urged UNODC to freeze funding of drug enforcement programs to Iran, and said Iranian authorities should move quickly to end the death penalty for drug-related offenses. The two groups first met UNODC officials in Vienna in 2007 to discuss concerns regarding the execution of drug offenders in Iran.For more information, please contact:- For Human Rights Watch, in New York, Faraz Sanei (English, Persian): +1-310-428-0153 (mobile); or +1-212-216-1290; or saneif@hrw.org. Follow on Twitter @farazsanei; Sarah Leah Whitson (English): +1-718-362-0172 (mobile); or whitsos@hrw.org. Follow on Twitter @sarahleah1- For Reprieve, in London, Maya Foa (English): +44(0)7967582810 (mobile); or maya.foa@reprieve.org.uk; Dan Dolan (English): +44(0)7771374925 (mobile); or at dan.dolan@reprieve.org.uk.- For Iran Human Rights, in Oslo, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam (Persian, Norwegian, English): +4791742177; or mail@iranhr.net.- For Harm Reduction International, in London, Rick Lines (English): +44(0)7872600907 (mobile); or Rick.Lines@ihra.net.- For Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation, in Washington DC, Roya Boroumand (Persian, English): +1-202-253-4529 (mobile); or roya@boroumandfoundation.org.- For World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, in Paris, Maria Donatelli (English): +33180894506; mdonatelli@worldcoalition.org. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2094] => Array ( [objectID] => 4521 [title] => Madagascar’s MPs abolish the death penalty [timestamp] => 1418169600 [date] => 10/12/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/madagascars-mps-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/752e09d97d89b57fdcfb6dae1f3e6998_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The National Assembly of Madagascar adopted a bill that abolishes the death penalty on 10 December, World Human Rights Day. [texte] => The President of the National Assembly, via his personal representative, had expressed optimism during a workshop aimed at spreading awareness about the death penalty in Antananarivo on 10 October, World Day Against the Death Penalty, by saying that a bill to abolish the death penalty was to be adopted during the current parliamentary session.The workshop, organized by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights with the support of ACAT Madagascar, FIACAT and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, had brought together a wide array of activists to discuss the death penalty in Madagascar.Its audience included the representative of the President of the National Assembly, eight MPs, numerous leaders and members of civil society, representatives of UN agencies and several representatives of European embassies. In the final statement, participants at the workshop had welcomed "the steps taken by the National Assembly for the development of a bill to abolish the death penalty " and encouraged the President of the Assembly "to include it in the agenda of the October 2014 session".In light of Madagascar’s Universal Periodic Review of human rights (UPR), which took place in Geneva on 3rd November 2014, FIACAT and ACAT Madagascar recommended in an alternative report to the United Nations Human Rights Council that the Madagascan authorities abolish capital punishment and ratify the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty.The members of the National Assembly followed up on the World Day workshop’s final results and the UPR’s recommendations by adopting the bill as early as 10 December 2014.Madagascar is the 18th African Union member state to abolish the death penalty for all crimes.Photo: www.assemblee-nationale.mg [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Madagascar [1] => Madagascar ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2095] => Array ( [objectID] => 4522 [title] => World Coalition publishes abolition guide for parliamentarians [timestamp] => 1418083200 [date] => 09/12/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-publishes-abolition-guide-for-parliamentarians/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ec6e3790b3e96f3f6bf27e392979bc77_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => A new handbook gives members of parliaments arguments and advice to work towards abolition in their countries and to support their colleagues abroad. [texte] => The World Coalition, in partnership with Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) and Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA) hosted a reception on the eve of PGA’s 36th Annual Forum held in Rabat (Morocco) on December 4-5 2014 to launch a resource aimed at supporting the work of parliamentarians towards abolition of the death penalty in their country and worldwide.The event saw the participation of parliamentarians from all over the world, from both abolitionist and retentionist countries. The World Coalition, represented by its director Maria Donatelli, had the honour to welcome Moroccan MP Nouzha Skalli, spokesperson of the Moroccan Parliamentarian network on the abolition of the death penalty; Ruth Wijdenbosch, vice-speaker of the National Assembly of Suriname and board member of PGA; and Lebanese MP Ghassan Moukheiber to address the audience together with the author of “Parliamentarians and the abolition of the death penalty – a resource”, Frank Warburton.“This handbook must be a living tool: we welcome comments from parliamentarians and other stakeholders to improve it and adapt it even more to the needs of the legislators that are fighting towards abolition of the death penalty locally and globally”, Warburton said.A new tool to fight the death penalty“Parliamentarians and the abolition of the death penalty – a resource” is a new tool published by the World Coalition to provide parliamentarians with all the necessary information and arguments to work on bills providing for the abolition of the death penalty in their country or to support the efforts of colleagues in retentionist countries.The guide provides some background and context concerning both the death penalty and the role that parliamentarians may have in the process towards abolition.It gives parliamentarians arguments in favour of abolition of the death penalty and familiarises them with arguments against it, to help them react in front of opposition to their work. The arguments are mainly divided into four categories: the human rights case, the death penalty as a deterrent, the idea that there is a mandate for the death penalty and the costs of capital punishment.The author suggests different types of action legislators can undertake, stressing the need to create networks and platforms of parliamentarians at the national, regional and global level. This is in line with the action of World Coalition members ECPM and PGA, respectively at the local and global level. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2096] => Array ( [objectID] => 4523 [title] => ADPAN network strengthens abolitionists across Asia [timestamp] => 1418083200 [date] => 09/12/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/adpan-network-strengthens-abolitionists-across-asia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9a71589104663251548826e18b2ae644_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network, a coalition hosted by Amnesty International in London since 2006, has become an independent organisation registered in Malaysia and held its first AGM in Taipei, Taiwan on 4-5 December. [texte] => The meeting saw active discussions about the action plan and the agenda for the next two years, including the Regional Congress Against the Death Penalty due to take place in Malaysia in June 2015.Members of ADPAN shared the diverse situation of the abolitionist movement in their respective countries: “I thought we were the same, but I realise now that Japan is lagging behind countries like Mongolia or South Korea,” said Hideki Wakabayashi from Amnesty International Japan.Those two countries’ parliaments are now taking positive steps: a draft proposal for a new Penal Code that would abolish the death penalty is being discussed in Mongolia. In South Korea, a new abolition bill has been introduced.In other countries, the political situation has a huge impact on the advancement of abolition. Martial law has prevented any progress in Thailand, while Indonesia and Japan’s newly elected leaders have announced new executions before the end of the year.Some participants say the main problem lies in the difficulty for civil society to operate in their own countries, such as Malaysia, Singapore or China.Sharing innovative ways of campaigningTo overcome such difficulties, Asian activists shared examples of innovative action. The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) launched an original Facebook campaign on 10 October to free three people on death row. They created an event page and asked their friends to “tag” one of the three people sentenced to death, Cheng Hsingtse wherever they went. This was used this to explain the case on the social network.They also created a cardboard cut-out of these three people on death row and took them with them all day long in the city of Taipei. In the metro, in the streets, at the night markets, people asked questions about who the person was and why they were doing it, giving them an opportunity to explain his case. They also made a video to raise awareness further.“I think the new ideas and different approaches we shared were very interesting. Some people came to me and said they were inspired by the meeting and have some thoughts about what they can try in their own country” said Jiazhen Wu, deputy director of TAEDP.During its statutory general meeting, ADPAN elected seven members to its executive committee to serve for two years: Arthur Wilson (Pakistan), Batdorj Altantuya (Mongolia), Charles Hector (Malaysia), Ngeow Chow Ying (Malaysia), Puri Kencana Putri (Indonesia), Sinapan Samydorai (Singapore) and Jiazhen Wu (Taiwan).Counter-arguments to the public opinion excuseFollowing the ADPAN meeting, TAEDP organised the international conference “Life and Death in Taiwan ” on 6-7 December. The event saw the launch of ADPAN’s second “Unfair Trial” report (soon available online) in English and Chinese.A wide range of issues was debated during the two days, including transitional justice, constitutional and international law as well as alternatives to the death penalty. Yet the liveliest discussions took place during the presentation of a new opinion survey in Taiwan.Criminology professor Roger Hood explained how governments, especially in Asia, often rely on their own polls or media surveys, which are unreliable. He insisted that NGOs and academics should convey alternative surveys to offer different views and counter the public support argument in favour of the death penalty.He gave the examples of recent academic surveys conducted in Japan, China and Malaysia to show that public support for the death penalty was much more nuanced that what the authorities want the public to believe.Sociology professor Chu Hei-yuan said that such a survey has been conducted in 2014 in Taiwan and would be published on 6 January 2015. Its results show that support for death penalty drops if an alternative is offered.As US death penalty researcher Richard Dieter put it: “The question is not ‘are you in favour of the death penalty’, but ‘are you in favour of letting go of the death penalty for an alternative punishment given all the flaws in the system and the risk of executing innocents’?”The answers also show a real need for more information. Only 25% of respondents knew about innocence cases in Taiwan and only 16% knew how many people were on death row. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Japan [2] => Malaysia [3] => Mongolia [4] => Republic of Korea [5] => Taiwan [6] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2097] => Array ( [objectID] => 4524 [title] => The strategic path to abolition in Nigeria [timestamp] => 1417478400 [date] => 02/12/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-strategic-path-to-abolition-in-nigeria/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/485984640c141294f7f95bd8bc9017b8_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Two World Coalition members, Avocats Sans Frontières France and the Paris Bar Association, held a conference on the death penalty in Nigeria in Paris on the 27th of November. [texte] => The conference, which was presided over by France’s former Minister of Justice and “father” of abolition Robert Badinter, saw lawyers from Avocats Sans Frontieres (ASF) France and their Nigerian colleagues share their experiences and strategies to abolish the death penalty in Africa’s most populous state.The lawyers stressed the need for a well-developed strategy for abolition in Nigeria, after a moratorium on the death penalty that was established in 2006 ended in 2013 with four hangings.Oluwatosin Popoola, a Nigerian lawyer working for Amnesty International, reminded the attendees that Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan continues to tell State Governors that they “must sign [execution warrants] because that is the law.”Catherine Mabille of ASF France affirmed that in Nigeria, the legal process goes along the simple lines of “torture, confession and then sentencing”“We need to strengthen the skills of the lawyers that work against the death penalty,” she insisted.Strategic litigation in regional courtASF lawyers shared the positive results from two strategic cases brought before the regional ECOWAS (Economic Community Of West African States) Court of Justice.Nigerian lawyer Kolawole Ogunbiyi explained that in the first case, the court initially granted an “injunction to prevent the government from executing Mr. Thankgod” and in a later judgement “ordered the Nigerian government to remove Thankgod’s name from death row.”In the second case the “ECOWAS Court made a bold judgement on the non-applicability of the death penalty on minors”, remarked Angela Uwandu, another Nigerian lawyer with ASF.Cécile Ostier, a French ASF lawyer, was pleased to note that the ECOWAS Court “accepted arguments from other regional courts” and that these judgements showed that there is a “real dialogue on the death penalty” at the ECOWAS Court.“The aim is to establish a moratorium first before challenging the death penalty as illegal” said Uwandu.Campaign pressureThe lawyers also stressed the need to campaign strategically.“Campaigning and sensitising the public in parallel with strategic litigation are very important,” said Jean-Sébastian Mariez of ASF France, referring to the strong media campaign that was undertaken around the time of the cases before the ECOWAS Court.“It is essential for advocates to refer to the death penalty as a human rights issue rather than a criminal law one,” Popoola asserted. “We have found that arguments are more persuasive when premised on human rights law.”“Putting pressure on authorities at the right time and in the right way really does work,” remarked Popoola.With the text of the Protocol to the African Human Rights Charter on the abolition of the death penalty soon to be adopted, even more pressure can be applied on the Nigerian government.At the end of the conference, Robert Badinter reminded the audience that “only Africans can abolish the death penalty in Africa… we’re only there to help.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria [1] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2098] => Array ( [objectID] => 4525 [title] => Morocco’s death penalty takes centre stage at Marrakesh forum [timestamp] => 1417132800 [date] => 28/11/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moroccos-death-penalty-takes-centre-stage-at-marrakesh-forum/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7a178b928e67b1eab5c15b62c1d83881_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Debates on the abolition of the death penalty at the World Human Rights Forum have highlighted the situation in the host country among the major fronts in the abolitionist struggle. [texte] => The king of Morocco himself launched the discussion during the opening ceremony on 27 November 2014: “We are welcoming the debate around the death penalty conducted by civil society, numerous parliamentarians and lawyers. It will allow this issue to mature and be dealt with in depth,” Mohammed VI said in a message read by Justice and Liberties Minister Mustapha Ramid.Abolitionists taking part in the second World Human Rights Forum in Marrakesh took his cue, at a time when Morocco continues to hand down death sentences and has so far refused to support a resolution calling for a global moratorium on executions at the United Nations’ General Assembly, even though nobody has been executed in the country since 1993.“This is the first time since 1999 that the king has spoken on the death penalty”, said Abderrahim Jamai, co-ordinator of the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty.MP Kadhija Rouissi, a member of the Moroccan Parliamentary Network Against the Death Penalty, said she was torn between “the despair of Morocco’s fifth abstention from the vote on a UN moratorium and the hope of hearing of His Majesty’s interest in the debate started by activists, lawyers and parliamentarians on the death penalty.The Parliamentary Network, which brings together 240 MPs from various parties, has tabled an abolition bill. “The rule of law cannot exist without pure and simple abolition,” Rouissi said.“Let us not content ourselves with discussing the death penalty”World Coalition President Florence Bellivier was of the same view: “We must move fast and not content ourselves with discussing the pros and cons of the death penalty. We must not content ourselves with moratoria such as the one in force in Morocco, because although they save lives, they are as fragile as life itself,” she said.This is why my abolitionist friends and I are calling for the total, irreversible and universal abolition of capital punishment,” she added.The same reluctance to abolish disused death penalty legislation can be seen across the Arab World. A representative from the Algerian Human Rights League said his country, a sponsor of the UN moratorium resolution, had “settled in a comfortable moratorium situation” but continued to hand down death sentences.A member of the Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty regretted that her country had not abolished capital punishment while adopting a new constitution, but she vowed to keep up the fight. Abolitionists there are preparing to lobby newly elected MPs, especially with a new anti-terror billed tabled to come before parliament soon.“Religious arguments are among the most widely used by governments in this region, with the support of conservative politicians,” Rouissi said. An MP from Koweit who attended the World Forum’s session on abolition spoke up in favour of the death penalty in the name of Islam and consideration for the victims of crime. But Rouissi replied that abolition “does not question Islam, only fanaticism”. As for victims’ families, Renny Cushing, an American whose father was murdered, said: “We need to recognise that the death penalty is a human rights violation AND that victims of crime are entitled to justice.”North Africa’s slow path towards abolition is all the more out of place when considering progress on the rest of the continent. Alice Mogwe, who represents FIDH on a panel of experts advising the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights on the death penalty, is confident that a protocol calling on all African countries to abolish capital punishment will be adopted in the coming year.Political manipulation and trivialisation of violence in the Middle EastIn the Middle East, other challenges have emerged. Jordan-based Taghreed Jaber, Penal Reform International’s regional director, noted the growing political manipulation of the death penalty. “We feared capital punishment for Hosni Mubarak, now his opponents are the ones being sentenced to death” in Egypt, she said.Jaber added that spreading conflict in the region and its media coverage have “trivialised violence”. For example, the rise of violent crime in Jordan could be an obstacle to abolition there, she warned.Yet public opinion is not as favourable to the death penalty as many retentionist governments would like us to believe, especially in Asia. The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty recently surveyed 2,000 Taiwanese citizens, 85% of whom spontaneously said they were in favour of capital punishment.When offered to abolish it and replace it with a prison sentence without possibility of parole for 25 years, however, 41% supported the idea. And 71% said they would support abolishing the death penalty to replace it with life without parole and an obligation for the criminal to work to compensate the family of their victim!“Give people more information and offer them a choice, and they will change their mind on death penalty,” said TAEDP director Hsinyi Lin.New challenges are thus constantly forcing abolitionist to explore new approaches. This is also the case in the US, where lawyer and World Coalition Vice-President Elizabeth Zitrin said that “arguments about human rights will not abolish the death penalty”. Instead, she said cases of innocence on death row – 149 identified in the past 40 years – as well as the astronomical cost of capital trials, racial discrimination in the application of capital punishment and the growing number of law enforcement professionals and criminologists denouncing its inefficiency to combat crime have been instrumental in curbing the use of the death penalty in the US. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2099] => Array ( [objectID] => 4526 [title] => Iranian death sentence for Facebook postings violates international law [timestamp] => 1417132800 [date] => 28/11/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iranian-death-sentence-for-facebook-postings-violates-international-law/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6c2ff16f46435f7883abd67853220168_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Statement of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty on Soheil Arabi’s Death Sentence in Iran: Exercising freedom of expression is not a crime. [texte] => Soheil Arabi, a 30-year-old Iranian photographer, has been sentenced to death for “insulting the Prophet” on Facebook and his death sentence has been upheld by the Iranian Supreme Court. The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty strongly condemns Arabi’s death sentence and calls on the Iranian authorities to rescind it immediately.The President of the World Coalition, Florence Bellivier, stated: “Soheil Arabi has been sentenced to death solely for exercising his right to freedom of expression. We call for immediate removal of his death sentence and urge the Iranian authorities to release him.”Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, the Spokesperson of Iran Human Rights, a member of the World Coalition's Steering Committee, said: “Iranian penal law allows death penalty for many non-violent charges such as 'insulting the Prophet'. Reversal of these death sentences must be the highest priority of the international community’s dialogue with Iran”.The Revolutionary Guards arrested Soheil Arabi in November 2013. Arabi was held in solitary confinement for two months inside the Guard's Ward 2-A at Evin Prison, before he was transferred to Evin’s General Ward 350, where he is being held now. Branch 76 of the Tehran Criminal Court, under Judge Khorasani, found Arabi guilty of “sabb al-nabi” (insulting the Prophet), for postings Soheil Arabi made on eight Facebook accounts, which the authorities said belong to him, on August 30, 2014. The Supreme Court upheld the sentence on 24 November 2014.Article 262 of the Iranian Penal Code provides a sentence of death for insulting the Prophet of Islam or any of the other grand prophets.Arabi’s death sentence is a clear violation of Iran’s obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to respect the right to freedom of expression. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2100] => Array ( [objectID] => 4527 [title] => World Coalition participates in Marrakesh Human Rights Forum [timestamp] => 1417046400 [date] => 27/11/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-participates-in-marrakesh-human-rights-forum/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/59ce2367d603e3a5ae51bd94151d72af_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is taking an active part in the World Human Rights Forum in Marrakesh until November 29 in Marrakesh, Morocco. [texte] => The programme of the second edition of this international gathering of human rights activists and institutions includes a significant part dedicated to the abolition of capital punishment.World Coalition president Florence Bellivier told the opening ceremony of the Forum on Thursday 27 November that the death penalty was in deep contradiction with the very rights thousands of participants from the entire world have come to defend together in Marrakesh.This punishment “directly affects the right to life, although it is enshrined in many modern constitutions including that of Morocco, as well as the right not to be subjected to inhumane or degrading treatment, the right to a fair trial and the right not to be discriminated against,” Bellivier said.She added that "those states that retain the death penalty are united in defending a very narrow definition of sovereignty”. By affirming that “the death penalty is legal”, retentionist governments promote an “archaic conception of a sword-wielding, righteous State with the right to decide which of its citizens will live or die”, in contrast with the modern view of the State as protector of its citizens.Bellivier invited the participants to the Marrakesh Forum to join the debate during the sessions on death penalty issues scheduled during the event.Follow the discussions live on our social networks on Friday 28 November:> Twitter> Facebook> Google+ [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2101] => Array ( [objectID] => 4528 [title] => UN singles out Iraq’s ever-increasing practice of capital punishment [timestamp] => 1415577600 [date] => 10/11/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-singles-out-iraqs-ever-increasing-practice-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1aec62bab073be54f6b1b20c27260a96_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => A report on the death penalty by the UN mission to Iraq has unearthed startling new information about the use of capital punishment in the country. The study was released on the heels of the UN’s human rights review of Iraq, where the death penalty emerged as a primary concern. [texte] => “The death penalty was re-introduced (…) in 2004 with the stated objectives of deterrence and retribution, particularly in light of the security situation the country was then facing from armed insurgent groups and terrorists”, stated the report by the United Nations’ human rights office and its assistance mission in Iraq (UNAMI).The UN listed a record 177 executions in Iraq in 2013, and 60 more in the first eight months of this year.Faced with a security crisis, the Iraqi authorities have essentially rationalised the use of capital punishment along the principle that desperate times call for desperate measures.True to the government’s claims, the “vast majority of death sentences carried out since the re-introduction of the death penalty and the resumption of executions relate to conviction for crimes under the Anti-Terrorism Law of 2005”.But the UNAMI report warns that death sentences have been imposed by a “weak” judiciary, resulting in “a consistent failure to respect due process and fair trial standards”. Torture-induced confessions and the lack of opportunity for appeal or pardon are among the UN’s concerns.Moreover, the deterrent principle has never been concluded as legitimate, particularly in the case of Iraq. “Since the re-introduction of the death penalty (…) Iraq has faced a significant increase in armed insurgent and terrorist violence and a concomitant surge in civilian casualties,” the report concludes.International response and criticismThis month’s Universal Periodic Review of human rights in Iraq opened with a general address from the Iraqi Deputy Minister of Human Rights Abdulkareem Abdulah Shallal Al-Janabi, in which he made a repeated effort to highlight his country’s struggle with terrorism and maintaining internal security.Following his remarks that his government is “determined to cleanse [the] land of these [terrorist] groups”, other UN member states took the floor to give their response.In their recommendations to Iraq, the one that was the most stressed was the necessity of Iraq to adopt a moratorium on executions to pave the way for death penalty abolition. Moldova, Namibia, Norway, Italy, and Chili were amongst the nations that expressed their concerns for the increasing use of the death penalty, and urged Iraq to halt its practice.Iraq’s response to member state’s critiques on the use of the death penalty mirrored the reasons listed in the UNAMI report. “We have exceptional circumstances prevailing in our country [that] require a balance (…) amongst civilians and those who threaten our civilians,” stated Al-Janabi, deferring back to the death penalty’s supposed deterrent quality.It appears that, in order for the Iraqi government to make any progress towards death penalty abolition, it must first acknowledge that capital punishment is playing little to no role in preventing future terrorist crimes. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq [1] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2102] => Array ( [objectID] => 4529 [title] => Asia develops into hub of abolitionist dialogue [timestamp] => 1415232000 [date] => 06/11/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/asia-develops-into-hub-of-abolitionist-dialogue/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/aa39e55571d89afbd65278cc89910e35_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => World Coalition member, Community of Sant’Egidio, has organised anti-death penalty conferences in Japan and the Philippines, both of which were overwhelmingly attended. Further conferences in the region are set to continue. [texte] => The Christian organisation champions the phrase “No Justice Without Life” and it is clear that this message was heard far and wide at the conferences.More than 600 people participated in the one-day conference in Tokyo on October 23, including 18 members of Japan’s Parliament, representatives from the European Union, lawyers and civil society representatives working for human rights and former death row inmate, Iwao Hakamada.This was followed by a two-day conference in Manila on October 27 and 28. At the final act in Green Fields Square, Mandaluyong City, over 4,000 people attended and heard the final appeal stress the need for a justice system to respect “human life and dignity, firmly believing in possible rehabilitation of a human being”.The gathering attracted people from other Asian countries including Cambodia, Laos, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Japan, India and Indonesia.“Sincere emotion”“It was clear that the participants were highly motivated and all engaged in a concrete way in the battle against death penalty. We reached at the meeting, moments of sincere emotion,” said Alberto Quattrucci, Community of Sant’Egidio’s Secretary General for Peoples and Religions.“The Community of Sant'Egidio will certainly continue to promote conferences in Asia on human rights and the value of life. We want to move forward.”Quattrucci added that during the conference, Sant’Egidio had received an invitation to promote a meeting on "No Justice without Life" in India. “But we also want to continue in the Philippines!” he said.“We mostly have chosen the Philippines because we are firmly convinced that the country can play an important and crucial role in the battle for Human Rights and the abolition of death penalty in the entire area.“Filipina Justice Secretary Leila M. De Lima told the conference: “The death penalty kills innocent people. The death penalty disproportionately burdens the vulnerable and the marginalised. The death penalty has not been proven to deter violent crime. In fact, we shouldn’t be afraid to go on the offensive and challenge those who claim the alleged deterrent effect, tell them that they are barking up the wrong tree.” Watch her speech below.The Philippines has abolished the death penalty but is surrounded by countries that retain the death penalty. The firmly abolitionist State has many overseas workers on death rows in Asia, a region which accounts for the majority of the world’s executions.Another World Coalition member organisation, ECPM, will be organising a regional conference on the death penalty in the retentionist state of Malaysia mid-next year.Religion and abolition“Religions can play a big role in the promotion of a serious battle for the abolition of the death penalty.” Quattrucci noted.“Through a sincere dialogue and collaboration between them, religions can now find the courage and boldness to undertake an open debate in favour of life, with politicians of every state.”This sentiment was echoed loudly by Pope Francis who recently “called on all men and women of good will to fight for the abolishment of the death penalty in ‘all of its forms’”. The Community of Sant’Egidio used his message during the conferences – watch it below.The Community of Sant’Egidio also organises the “Cities for Life-Cities against the Death Penalty” campaign, which takes place on November 30 each year and sees the illumination of thousands of monuments in cities around the world. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cambodia [1] => India [2] => Indonesia [3] => Japan [4] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [5] => Philippines [6] => Sri Lanka [7] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2103] => Array ( [objectID] => 4530 [title] => NGOs join forces to tackle capital punishment at Iran’s rights review [timestamp] => 1414627200 [date] => 30/10/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ngos-join-forces-to-tackle-capital-punishment-at-irans-rights-review/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cbe1764b84603af4bb0a37e0e3bae737_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Several World Coalition members are among organisations co-ordinating their efforts to help the international community put pressure on Iran over its use of the death penalty. [texte] => Four years ago, 29 of the recommendations addressed to Iran by the world’s nations at its Universal Periodic Review of human rights (UPR) related to the death penalty. Iran accepted three, and activists monitoring the country found that only one – the exclusion of some religious offences from capital crimes – has been implemented.Through increased co-ordination and targeted international advocacy, they believe Iran and the international community can do better at the new UPR session this Friday.Among the documents forming the basis the discussion, a detailed report submitted to the UN Human Rights Council by the Advocates for Human Rights on behalf of the World Coalition and four of its members explains how many aspects of the administration of the death penalty in Iran violate international human rights law.Iran Human Rights (IHR), one of the report’s author organisations, also delivered a statement on their behalf at Iran’s pre-UPR session on October 8 (photo above), recommending specific action on issues such as executions by stoning or those targeting ethnic minorities.“Representatives from many countries took part, including the Islamic Republic. My understanding is that the death penalty is once again going to be a main focus of the world’s recommendations to Iran,” said IHR’s spokesman Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam.Focus on public and drug-related executionsAt the previous UPR, many countries called on Iran to respect broad human rights principles. “This year, our goal has been to address both principled areas as well as more detailed ones: for example, public executions, the death penalty for drug-related charges and the lack of right to appeal in those cases,” Amiry-Moghaddam added.More broadly, IHR is one of four World Coalition members among the 13 NGOs who have joined forces to improve the international community’s response to human rights abuses in Iran through the ImpactIran campaign.“We have been working together to help the UN’s special rapporteur on Iran to compile his reports, to prepare for the UPR, to meet member states' delegations and suggest recommendations to them or go and speak before their parliaments,” said Taimoor Aliassi, representative to the UN for the Association for Human Rights in Kurdistan of Iran-Geneva (KMMK-G).The members of ImpactIran say increased coordination has helped them achieve a wider international reach and stronger impact through joint submissions to the UN – and they will keep up the co-operation in the future to monitor the implementation of UPR recommendations, as they have begun to do on a striking visualization website.“Iran will make more promises, and we will continue to cooperate with the UN and the World Coalition to check that they are kept – and to denounce that those human rights violation that will unfortunately continue,” said Aliassi.Photo: JFI/Iran HR [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2104] => Array ( [objectID] => 4531 [title] => China’s “efforts to gradually reduce the application of the death penalty” [timestamp] => 1414627200 [date] => 30/10/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/chinas-efforts-to-gradually-reduce-the-application-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/11af80826a5ed661d39eb55732fcaef4_2-500x271.jpg [extrait] => Following a decision by the Communist Party’s Central Committee in November 2013 to “gradually reduce the number of crimes punishable by death”, a draft amendment to China’s criminal law was submitted for initial review to the country’s National People’s Congress this week. [texte] => According to the draft amendment , nine crimes will no longer be punishable by death, including smuggling weapons, ammunition, nuclear materials or counterfeit currency; counterfeiting currency; raising funds by means of fraud; arranging for or forcing another person to engage in prostitution; obstructing a commander or a person on duty from performing his duties; and fabricating rumors to mislead others during wartime.Drop in number of executionsAlthough the reduction in death penalty crimes in China is not expected to greatly reduce the number of executions per year, a new report by the Dui Hua Foundation estimates that there were 2,400 executions in 2013 and that China “will execute roughly the same number of people in 2014” (see graphic above).Ten years ago, China was executing over 10 000 people every year and experts say that the country reached a major turning point in 2007, when the authorities decided that all death penalty sentences had to be reviewed by the Supreme People’s Court (SPC).In the years immediately after 2007, the SPC overturned about 15% of death sentences.It currently quashes fewer than 10%. “Between July 2, 2013, and September 30, 2014, the SPC published 152 death penalty review decisions online,” Southern Weekly reported in a separate article. “The 152 decisions involved 129 murder cases and 17 drug cases. Only five verdicts were fully or partially overturned, and defense lawyers participated in just 13 percent of death penalty reviews.”Dui Hua also warned that “annual declines in executions recorded in recent years are likely to be offset in 2014 by the use of capital punishment in anti-terrorism campaigns in Xinjiang and the anti-corruption campaign nationwide.”Infographic: Dui Hua [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2105] => Array ( [objectID] => 4532 [title] => French youth event emboldens next abolitionist generation [timestamp] => 1413936000 [date] => 22/10/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/french-youth-event-emboldens-next-abolitionist-generation/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/afefb29f4a87072ac8412467dff41035_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The testimony of an exonerated death row prisoners helped international students overcome initial awkwardness and launch into passionate debates at the invitation of Paris-based organisations on World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => “When the judge told you that you were free, what exactly did you feel?”, a young student asked American native Curtis McCarty, wrongfully incarcerated on Oklahoma’s death row for over 20 years.“It’s so good to be alive,” McCarty said when he started to recount his experience. His story based on “a perverse notion of justice” was a sobering and touching one. Suddenly, the death penalty, which for the students had previously been an academic mass of facts and vocabulary, turned into flesh and blood; nobody in the room was left unmoved or unconcerned.Prior to McCarty’s talk, the 14 to 20-year-old high-school students from the Paris region and abroad who filled a lecture hall at the Conseil National des Barreaux (National Council of Lawyers – CNB) had received a brief introduction on capital punishment.At the invitation of CNB, the International Organisation of Francophone countries, the French foreign affairs ministry and World Coalition member organisation ECPM, abolitionists explained the roles of different actors in the global fight to eradicate the death penalty: lawyers, diplomats, associations… and the youths themselves.ECPM’s Education Officer Marianne Rossi then broke down how the death penalty is practiced around the world in an interactive manner that did more than just wake the students up – it engaged them.What did they really know about the death penalty? Plenty, it seemed. Amongst the group of around 100 students, many were able to identify the countries that carry out the most executions, as well as distinguish between abolitionist states in law or in practice.Even the neighbour-to-neighbour chatter among students focused on the subject at hand.Mock trial and international negotiationsBy lunchtime, the youths were ready to form three groups and take part in interactive workshops at the Francophonie headquarters.World Coalition executive director Maria Donatelli was among the abolitionists who engaged the first group in a reflection on the methods young people may use to advance the abolitionist movement.The second group, led by Rossi, acted out a trial in a nameless retentionist country that illustrated capital punishment’s arbitrary nature. When walking out of the room, the lesson that one student said she learned was that “the death penalty is far from fool-proof.”The remaining students joined France’s Human Rights Ambassador Patrizianna Sparacino-Thiellay and took the roles of country representatives at UN talks on a resolution of universal abolition.After a timid start, the negotiation became more alive when the “backdoor diplomacy” portion of the simulation started. Students were allowed about 30 minutes to try and convince each other either to vote for the abolitionist or retentionist resolution. A teenager representing Morocco tackled her counterpart acting for Iran: “You’re so focused on pleasing the big USA [and other retentionist countries] that you’re ignoring what your own religion teaches… peace!” she said.Sparacino-Thiellay, ultimately leading the young representatives to adopting a country-specific moratorium, stated how she was “pleasantly surprised with their interest” in the simulation.Foreign Affairs Minister Laurent Fabius and former Justice Minister Robert Badinter – who had the death penalty abolished in France in 1981 – welcomed the participants to the Foreign Affairs Ministry for a closing ceremony in the evening. Their speeches served to highlight the day’s lessons and contribute to the sense of urgency in death penalty abolition. The sea of young faces stood out in direct contrast to an older Badinter who admitted that “old age [gave him] a [different] perspective on an otherwise long struggle”.The contrast, however, served as a beautiful, visual metaphor for the whole day: the continuing fight for abolition lies in the hands of the next generation. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France [1] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [2] => Morocco [3] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2106] => Array ( [objectID] => 4533 [title] => Publishing the final words of the executed to restore their humanity [timestamp] => 1413417600 [date] => 16/10/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/publishing-the-final-words-of-the-executed-to-restore-their-humanity/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1599243e5dd84adcd1da09315e9d056d_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Publisher Joshua Herman and photographer Marc Asnin want to issue thousands of American schools with a book presenting the final statements of executed prisoners in an attempt to remind supporters and opponents of the death penalty alike that it targets human beings. [texte] => “I am innocent, innocent, innocent,” said Leonel Herrera before his execution in 1993. Twenty years later, Jerry Duane Martin told the family of a prison warden he had killed while attempting to escape: “I’m sorry; sorry for your loss. I wish I could take it back, but I can’t.” He, too, received a lethal injection immediately afterwards.These are some of the statements by executed death row prisoners the Final Words project is aiming to bring to light.Its promoters have received support from figures including World Coalition president Florence Bellivier, representatives from several World Coalition member organisations and actress Susan Sarandon.They told Worldcoalition.org more about their work.What is the Final Words project?Joshua Herman (photo, above): It is a collection of the final statements by 515 prisoners executed by the State of Texas and documented by the department of corrections, laid out in a book to be distributed free of charge. Our target is to give three books to every high school in those US States where the death penalty is still in use, and to organise a travelling exhibition.We want to humanise the moment when a person is about to be executed and start a new conversation about the death penalty in the US for people on both sides of the debate.Marc Asnin: The people who read these final words should come out of it with an emotional connection. In the US, for the past few decades, the death penalty has been characterised by dehumanisation. We want to make people realise: “This person asked for forgiveness, they brought up class or racism… That’s interesting for me to think about.” Children may perform these final words in theatre class, bring this conversation into their family…Do you think schools will welcome your initiative?M.A.: Some schools will. It’s not all about red and blue states. People migrate, there are purple states. There is room for this. There will be schools where the board or the principal will not allow the book on the curriculum. We will follow up, and that will create the conversation around censorship: what are you afraid of? If we are faced with arguments such as “You are honouring the killer rather than the victim”, that is also part of the debate.J.H.: We have shared a mock of the book with a few people and their reaction is generally to be intrigued – whether they are abolitionist groups, individuals who do not think about the death penalty or conservatives who support it. For a moment, it makes you think of what you would say if you were to die in the next few minutes.You designed a large format for the book, with the bare statements as they were recorded and a lot of blank space around them. Why did you choose this layout?M.A.: It is the opposite of a textbook. We are going to put it in front of students who see textbooks day after day, and we want to show them something different and more provocative. In our preparatory work with Witness to Innocence, they said that all the white space highlights your own feelings after you’ve read the final statements. This was not our intention, but it is a powerful interpretation. The book will not be bound, but held together with screws, looking more like a legal ledger.How many books are you planning to print, and how are you going to achieve this?M.A.: No American publishing company would invest in a book like this, so it is all based on crowndfunding.J.H.: We will need 17,000 copies for every high school in 32 States, and we will do a total print run of 25,000 to serve other organisations we work with. We are collaborating with civil rights groups, the photographic community, abolitionists – anyone who is interested. The production of the book will stand as a statement of the grassroots nature of what we are doing.People who contribute above a certain amount will receive a copy of the book and supporters can have it sent to a person they think should read it, such as politicians. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2107] => Array ( [objectID] => 4534 [title] => Links between death penalty and mental health exposed from Japan to Nigeria [timestamp] => 1413331200 [date] => 15/10/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/links-between-death-penalty-and-mental-health-exposed-from-japan-to-nigeria/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/265bec06a39c61e6b5f023c7185787ff_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty was marked by hundreds of actions on all continents, in the media and online. [texte] => On 10 October, representatives from the World Coalition and its member organisations featured widely in the media to denounce the links between the death penalty and mental ill health. “In Japan, a person who had spent 50 years on death row has just been released and will have a new trial because they were found to be mentally ill,” said the World Coalition’s executive director, Maria Donatelli, in an interview with the international news channel France 24.To find out more about this issue, watch World Coalition president Florence Bellivier’s explanations below.World Coalition member organisations highlighted the plight of people with mental illnesses or intellectual disabilities facing the death penalty in their country. In Lagos, a press release issued by HURILAWS detailed how “Nigeria has applied the death penalty for more than 50 years with no serious attention paid to mental health”.“Instances abound everyday in Nigeria where accused persons with serious mental health problems are put on trial without adequate support where they are unable to participate effectively in their own defence,” HURILAWS added, citing high-profile cases.Medics, too, took a stance. The International Council of Nurses expressed its deep concern at the lack of adequate care and support for people with mental disorders and issued a reminder that ethics rules prevent nurses from taking part in executions. The president of the World Medical Association drew attention to the World Day at the organisation's annual general meeting, which took place on the same day. On that occasion, he highlighted the Declaration of Tokyo, which prevents medics from taking part in cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.Richard Branson, Ban Ki-moon and Ai Weiwei relay World Day messagesLeading figures on the international politics, business and arts scenes endorsed the World Day.Richard Branson, the founder of the media and transportation group Virgin, called on governments to follow the World Coalition’s recommendations on the protection of people with mental illnesses and disabilities at risk of execution. “We should all strive to end the death penalty for good. But on the road to universal abolition, we must do all we can to protect those that are most at risk of being innocently convicted,” Branson wrote on his blog.On the occasion of an event on "Justice that Kills: The Death Penalty in the 21st Century" organised by the European Union and Italy at the UN in Geneva, United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon issued a message of support for the World Day, calling on world leaders to establish a moratorium on executions and ratify the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty."We want to bring this Protocol to life," Florence Bellivier told a ceremony organised in Geneva by CCPR Center and the World Coalition to mark the 25th anniversary of this treaty, which outlaws the death penalty in the countries that ratify it. She highlighted the importance of the Protocol as a tool to move the abolitionist cause forward internationally and called on civil society, international organisations and governments to use it more often.Foreign ministers from 12 from countries with and without capital punishment released a joint declaration calling for a world that “respects human dignity” on World Day Against the Death Penalty.Click to enlarge the pictureOn social networks, Chinese artist Ai Weiwei, France’s former Justice Minister Robert Badinter and countless members of the British Foreign Service took part in the #nodeathpenalty campaign, in which web users use selfies to tell the world why they oppose capital punishment.Regional conference in TunisAbolitionists from North Africa and the Middle East celebrated the World Day early with a regional conference organised by World Coalition members, the Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty and ECPM, in Tunis on 26 and 27 September.In their final declaration, the participants stated that “the right to life is the first of all rights and transcends all others” and called for it to be included more prominently in legal training in the region. They also welcomed the votes of Algeria and Tunisia in favour of a universal moratorium on executions at the UN General Assembly and called on all States in the region to vote the same way in a new vote scheduled later in 2014.While highlighting the difficulties linked to terrorism, the conservatism of some religious leaders and political inertia, the region’s abolitionists committed to continue working together and with larger sections of society. “The abolitionist struggle remains too elitist and too urban-centred,” said Habib Marsit, who chairs the Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty. “We need to disseminate abolitionist culture and values.”In addition to the #nodeathpenalty campaign on social networks, several initiatives launched in connection with the World Day are continuing through October. Check out the schedule of events to find out more.Photo, top: World Day conference organised by World Coalition member organisation CRSJS in India [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2108] => Array ( [objectID] => 25358 [title] => Italian Poster 2014 [timestamp] => 1412899200 [date] => 10/10/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Italian Poster 2014 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Affiche-JM2014-ITA.pdf ) [2109] => Array ( [objectID] => 25349 [title] => Japanese Poster 2014 [timestamp] => 1412899200 [date] => 10/10/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japanese-poster-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Japanese Poster 2014 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Affiche-JM2014-JAP.pdf ) [2110] => Array ( [objectID] => 4535 [title] => Dialogue should make death penalty “a sentence of the past” – foreign ministers [timestamp] => 1412812800 [date] => 09/10/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/dialogue-should-make-death-penalty-a-sentence-of-the-past-foreign-ministers/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/67c7e9e6690117c4df28652729678688_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Twelve governments from countries with and without capital punishment release a joint declaration calling for a world that “respects human dignity” on World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => The international declaration released on the 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an open invitation to all governments, but also to the public at large, to engage in serious investigations and frank discussions on the death penalty. It emphasizes the need for proper information on the risks and shortcomings of the death penalty, including on the irrational fears and hopes often involved in retaining it.The declaration aims to dispel the popular myths that the death penalty acts as a deterrent to crime, that it brings victims of crime relief and that a justice system can be free from error. It is believed that once properly discussed, only one conclusion will be made: there are no arguments in favour of the death penalty – only myths, risks and failures (and in some places, very high costs).The signatories to the declaration are foreign ministers who come from all regions of the world and represent populations with different religions, of varying socio-economic status and culture, demonstrating that abolition is not related to any particular region, but truly universal.Joint Declaration of October 10, 2014As we mark the 12th World Day against the Death Penalty, we jointly call for a world which respects human dignity. The death penalty, one of the most complex and divisive issues of our time, continues to question the fundamental values of our societies and to challenge our understanding of criminal justice.We respect the views of those who still support the use of the death penalty, and we believe that everyone has a right to be protected from violent crime. However, we consider that state executions should not be taking place in the 21st century. Modern justice systems must aspire to more than retribution.The main objections to the death penalty are well known. Despite popular belief, there is no evidence supporting the claim that executions deter or prevent crime. No justice system can ever be guaranteed free from error, meaning that death sentences may cause the innocent to be put to death. Often, capital sentences are disproportionately imposed on poor, vulnerable and marginalised persons, aggravating discrimination against the weakest in society. Finally, the capital sentence provides victims of crime and their families neither with commensurate compensation nor with spiritual relief. On the contrary, state killing results in more hatred and violence - the exact opposite of what modern justice systems should be trying to achieve.This joint call, which we address to the world at large, is the first ever launched by Foreign Ministers of both abolitionist and non-abolitionist States. We recognize that exchange and cooperation are needed to move together towards more effective and more humane justice systems. Together, our countries have the experience and the drive to turn the death penalty into a sentence of the past. A vast majority of countries already supports worldwide death penalty abolition; we hope that all countries will soon join this trend.Signed by the following Foreign Ministers (countries):Héctor Marcos Timerman (Argentina), Julie Bishop (Australia), Nassirou Bako Arifari (Benin), Djibrill Yipènè Bassolé (Burkina Faso), Duly Brutus (Haiti), José Antonio Meade Kuribreña (Mexico), Luvsanvandan Bold (Mongolia), Børge Brende (Norway), Albert F. del Rosario (Philippines), Didier Burkhalter (Switzerland), Mevlüt Çavusoglu (Turkey), Philip Hammond (United Kingdom)Illustration: Tomislav Maricic [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Argentina [1] => Australia [2] => Benin [3] => Burkina Faso [4] => Haiti [5] => Mexico [6] => Mongolia [7] => Norway [8] => Philippines [9] => Switzerland [10] => Turkey [11] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Intellectual Disability [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2111] => Array ( [objectID] => 4536 [title] => Malian opinion leaders meet to discuss death penalty abolition [timestamp] => 1412553600 [date] => 06/10/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/malian-opinion-leaders-meet-to-discuss-death-penalty-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/705bf4cf8f06e6c045dafa3f83e54bda_2-500x246.jpg [extrait] => World Coalition member organisation FIACAT and its affiliate in Mali, ACAT Mali organised a seminar to raise awareness on the abolition of the death penalty in Mali in Bamako on 29 and 30 September 2014. [texte] => The twenty participants to the workshop included religious and traditional leaders, civil society representatives, journalists, members of the National Human Rights Commission of Mali and members of parliament.They identified reasons why the vast majority of Malian people supports the death penalty and listed religious and traditional arguments to convince them of the need to abolish it, including:• contrary to popular belief, the abolition of the death penalty does not create impunity;• the scriptures that form the basis of the Christian and Muslim faiths promote life and forgiveness;• customary law has been evolving towards alternatives sanctions to capital punishment.The participants noted the importance of having advocacy for the abolition of the death penalty in Mali to be conducted first by civil society, and then by the Malian authorities.In their final declaration, the participants called on the Malian authorities to:• continue working towards the abolition of the death penalty;• facilitate a collaboration forum for all actors of Mali’s civil society to join forces against the death penalty.FIACAT and ACAT Mali also call on the Malian authorities to:• abolish the death penalty for all crimes and ratify the United Nations’ Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty;• co-sponsor the Resolution calling for a moratorium on executions to be presented before the UN General Assembly in December 2014;• support the proposed African Protocol on the death penalty to be presented to African Union member states shortly. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mali [1] => Mali ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2112] => Array ( [objectID] => 4537 [title] => Death penalty systems disregard mental health – experts [timestamp] => 1411603200 [date] => 25/09/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-systems-disregard-mental-health-experts/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/323b2deabb05989d2b2644bc33413179_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Despite international and national standards banning the use of capital punishment against mental ill or intellectually disabled people, health professionals familiar with death row say it is full of prisoners who should instead be receiving treatment. [texte] => Mental disorders among people facing the death penalty are the focus of the 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10, 2014, which is also World Mental Health Day.Dr Stephen Greenspan, a developmental psychologist who testifies regularly before US courts in capital cases, says that at most one in four defendants who plead intellectual disability in the country are granted an exemption under the 2002 Atkins v. Virginia ruling, in which the Supreme Court banned the execution of the intellectually disabled.“Scientific standards are well developed but not all experts follow those standards, because not all experts really have a good familiarity with the field or with what the standards are,” Dr Greenspan said, regretting that the courts weren’t strict enough in their criteria when accepting testimonies from psychologists or psychiatrists on a defendant’s intellectual ability.He added that intellectually disabled people who were more gullible and therefore more easily drawn by others to commit crimes and by police to confess under interrogation pressure faced a higher risk of being sentenced to death if they weren’t properly assessed.To help the judiciary improve its practices, the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities is due to publish a new book shortly: The Death Penalty and Intellectual Disability: A Guide, edited by Edward Polloway.“It will be very important for not only experts but also attorneys and judges to read this, because it details was is or is not appropriate as defined by professionals in the field of intellectual disability,” Dr Greenspan said.> Explore the World Coalition's online library for a full bibliography on mental illness and intellectual disability in relation to the death penalty.Yet the challenges remain so large in protecting intellectually disabled people from the death penalty that Dr Greenspan thinks the best solution would be to abolish it.“There is the problem of IQ ceilings: in the 1960s, it was 85, now it is 70. If your IQ is 69, you can live, if it is 71, you can die – regardless of the fact that the number is not very reliable,” he said, adding that similar problems existed in many countries outside the US.Confinement causing mental illness on death rowDr Terry Kupers, a psychiatrist who spent most of his career working in prisons, said the trend towards housing death row in solitary confinement prison units caused additional mental illness among prisoners and amounted to “torture”.“Death row typically is not a very violent place, said Dr Kupers. People facing the death penalty usually are pretty serious, they’re older, they are working on their appeal and they have no need to prove themselves in prison. They tend to be very cooperative and friendly. There is absolutely no penal objective to putting death row inside solitary confinement.”Yet this has become the rule in many US states and elsewhere.In addition to the death row phenomenon – the emotional ups and downs of having one’s hope rise and fall as appeals progress and fail while fellow death row prisoners are executed – solitary confinement puts even more pressure on prisoners’ minds, often triggering psychiatric episodes, Dr Kupers said.“Imagine being alone in a prison cell with nobody to talk to, the temperature is wrong, the toilets are flooding, recreation is not happening, the food is terrible, he said There are two officers talking too low for you to understand. You begin to think they’re plotting something against you. Prisoners have no way to check. That’s where paranoia develops.”As a result, Dr Kupers observed a higher rate of suicide in solitary confinement units and decisions by some death row prisoners to abandon their appeals and seek a quick execution.“It is a spectacle, a way to show how we treat ‘the worst of the worst’, he said It has replaced public executions: until we execute them, we are going to torture them.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Intellectual Disability [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2113] => Array ( [objectID] => 4538 [title] => Civil society instrumental in UN monitoring of progress towards abolition [timestamp] => 1411344000 [date] => 22/09/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/civil-society-instrumental-in-un-monitoring-of-progress-towards-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e06b0a806ff4ca66da044429dae11dcf_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition and its members are present at every step in the international human rights law process – from the signature of human rights treaties to the verification of their implementation. Their contribution is yielding more and more concrete results. [texte] => In its Concluding Observations on the United States on August 29, 2014, the United Nations’ Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination called on Washington to “take concrete and effective steps to eliminate racial disparities at all stages of the criminal justice system,” including by “imposing, at the federal level, a moratorium on the death penalty with a view to abolishing the death penalty”.The clear link between racism and capital punishment is the latest manifestation of a trend among bodies tasked with monitoring international human rights law, whose public statements on retentionist states increasingly highlight the unacceptable conditions attached to the use of the death penalty.Such observations, statements and reports by independent experts and international organisations may look like small steps when taken in isolation, but their influence is growing – and civil society has been playing a big part in this evolution.Among the documentation submitted to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination before it made its observations on the US, a report compiled by World Coalition member organisations The Advocates for Human Rights, the Greater Caribbean for Life and the Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty detailed racial discrimination in the application of capital punishment there. “If the victim is white, a defendant is more likely to be sentenced to death than if the victim is black,” the report stated, adding: “All defendants in the 25 [US federal] death penalty prosecutions in Puerto Rico were from ethnic minorities.”Violations documented and submitted to UN bodiesThe World Coalition and its members document violations of human rights linked to the death penalty and use the information in a steady flow of submissions to United Nations bodies and other official watchdogs.In September, FIACAT submitted another shadow report to the UN Human RIghts Council for the Universal Periodic Review of Liberia in association with the World Coalition and ACAT Liberia.“At each review, we push for firm recommendations on limitations to the use of the death penalty and, in some cases, for encouragements to ratify the UN Protocol” on the abolition of capital punishment, said Patrick Mutzenberg, director of the Geneva-based Centre for Civil and Political Rights (CCPR Centre) – another World Coalition member working with the UN Human Rights Committee on the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.Helping universally recognised bodies denounce the violations arising from the use of capital punishments, however, is not enough. Abolitionists are also increasingly involved in following up on international recommendations made to retentionist governments.“In 2013, Indonesia received a recommendation to limit the death penalty to the most serious crimes. It was listed under urgent recommendations, which means the Committee will follow up,” said Mutzenberg. While the government prepares to report on progress, the CCPR Centre and its Indonesian partners conduct their own investigations and will quiz the authorities in January before they submit their own findings to the UN.“We always work with local NGOs and help them build coalitions,” said Mutzenberg. His organisation is planning similar missions in Malawi and in Sierra Leone (although the Ebola epidemic has delayed work in the latter country).A rating agency for human rights?In the past two years, the UN Human Rights Committee has introduced grades to evaluate progress on urgent recommendations. Indonesia will become the first country to receive a mark for its efforts to curb capital punishment.“We are pushing for the Human Rights Committee to become a sort of rating agency, based on objective criteria,” said Mutenberg. “The input of NGOs is crucial: once the government has reported, other points of view are necessary. This also means all our reports must be done in the most scientific way.”International organisations, however, can only monitor and evaluate states that have committed to certain standards and accepted to have their implementation reviewed through a treaty. While all UN member states have ratified at least one major international human rights treaty, much remains to be done to extend the jurisdiction of international human rights law – another area of work for abolitionists.While conventions on torture, the rights of children, etc. all help highlight violations associated with capital punishment, the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty is the World Coalition’s key target treaty. Its director Maria Donatelli said the Coalition had recently asked UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to mark the 25th anniversary of its adoption.“As a result, the importance of the ratification of that treaty was highlighted in the list of treaties submitted by the Secretary General to member states for the 2014 Treaty events, which will take place in New York from September 23rd,” Donatelli said in reference to the annual UN conference promoting the adoption of international agreements. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2114] => Array ( [objectID] => 4539 [title] => ECPM takes social media campaign to the fair ground [timestamp] => 1410825600 [date] => 16/09/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ecpm-takes-social-media-campaign-to-the-fair-ground/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/55e3eec3dec4e9865d9b77edfde83947_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => World Coalition member organisation Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM) was at September’s Fête de l’Humanité in Paris to spread awareness of the 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10. [texte] => ECPM welcomed festival goers to take part in the World Coalition’s #nodeathpenalty campaign by setting up a photo booth at the “Fête de l’Huma” and spread the truth about the death penalty more widely than ever before.The selfie campaign is simple: anyone can take part by creating a sign in their language of choice, or choosing a pre-made one, starting with “I stand against the death penalty because…” followed by their reason, and having their picture taken holding it. The photo is then posted on their preferred social media networks (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Google+) along with the hashtag #Nodeathpenalty and a friendly nomination of at least three friends to do the same.A powerful idea for your own World Day eventThe Fête de l’Humanité provided ECPM with a unique opportunity to bring to life a campaign normally limited to the sphere of the internet. Armed with a camera, booth volunteers were there to help visitors snap their picture. For those who do not have social media accounts, ECPM has begun to share the photos they took on their own Facebook page with the accompanying hashtag.(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_GB/all.js#xfbml=1"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));By taking the campaign to street level, ECPM is able to share the voices of those who would otherwise not be reached, thus widening its campaign efforts and its effectiveness.Under a sign reading “Share your picture against the death penalty”, ECPM set up a table filled with thick permanent markers, colored paper and large multilingual “I stand against the death penalty because…” signs in French, English, Spanish, Italian, Chinese and Arabic. ECPM volunteers then took part in the general buzz of France’s leading alternative music and ideas festival, encouraging curious passers-by to take part and express their views.A catalyst to attract the crowdsThe photo stand was considered a rousing success by all those who took part. One ECPM volunteers remarked on its “efficiency to attract people to the ECPM booth”, adding that the social networking campaign acted as a catalyst, drawing in a variety of individuals and adding to the jovial spirit of the fair.“I have always stood against the death penalty – it’s engaging to be able to share that with others who don’t know me”, remarked one older fair goer, leafing carefully through the signs. “It’s just hard to pick amongst so many moving reasons!” She ended up creating her own, summarising in her own words what all the other messages alluded to: “I stand against the death penalty because life is better.”For more information on how to set up a photo booth/stand at your event take a look at the World Day Against the Death Penalty Mobilisation kit. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Intellectual Disability [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2115] => Array ( [objectID] => 4540 [title] => Calendar of events for World Day 2014 [timestamp] => 1408406400 [date] => 19/08/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calendar-of-events-for-world-day-2014/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ad139c7a79cd680378b01be9eb7958a2_2-500x150.jpg [extrait] => On 10 October 2014, the 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty is drawing attention to people with mental health problems who are at risk of a death sentence or execution. Browse the schedule and the map to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day. [texte] => The 12th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world.> Browse the schedule below or click on the map to find out what is happening in your country:View Larger Map> Get in touch with the World Coalition to announce the events you are preparing for October 10 and we will promote them widely on the internet!> Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organise an event, etc. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Intellectual Disability [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2116] => Array ( [objectID] => 4541 [title] => Kazakhstan Penal Code reform runs counter to abolitionist trend [timestamp] => 1405987200 [date] => 22/07/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/kazakhstan-penal-code-reform-runs-counter-to-abolitionist-trend/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4bbc58d14900117f6ed7e7793d3c407e_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The new Kazakh Penal Code provides for an increase in the number of capital crimes, even though Kazakhstan has been moving away from the death penalty for years and has a stated policy of meeting international standards. [texte] => The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan allows the application of the death penalty for two categories of crimes: terror attacks entailing loss of life and serious felonies committed during wartime.Capital punishment was so far applicable for 18 crimes listed in the Penal Code of Kazakhstan. But the Code’s reform has introduced another three new articles imposing the death penalty, while two were abrogated. As a result, there are now 19 crimes punishable by death in Kazakhstan.The parliament of Kazakhstan (photo above) passed the new Penal Code on 11 June 2014.20 years moving away from the death penaltyThe 1959 Penal Code of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (in force until 1998) contained 25 capital crimes, including crimes against the state, homicide and other felonies (mostly applicable in wartime). Article 22 of the Code defined death penalty as an extraordinary punishment and envisioned its abolition in future.Between 1994 and 1997, Kazakhstan halved its number of capital offences. This evolution fell in line with international trends and the judicial reform approved by the president in 1994, which humanised criminal law and created the conditions for phasing out the death penalty.The revised Penal Code then prohibited capital punishment for women and minors (persons under 18 at the time of the crime), as well as persons over 65 at the time of sentencing. In addition, the death sentence could not be given without the mutual consent of three judges trying the case, or less than a year after the sentence was passed. Moreover, the number of alternative punishments in cases of capital crimes increased.The last application of death penalty in Kazakhstan was on 12 May 2003, when 12 persons were executed.President Nursultan Nazarbayev officially introduced a moratorium on execution by decree in December 2003. On 1 January 2004, life imprisonment was introduced as an alternative to capital punishment.This decision reflected the government’s political ambition to ratify international treaties on human rights, as well as the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty.Since 2002, the government has pursued the policy of phasing out the application of death penalty. In 2007, Kazakhstan amended its Constitution, restricting the application of capital punishment to the most serious crimes.Abolition of the death penalty was the next logical step in this policy in Kazakhstan, just as it happened in two other Central Asian states, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.In the international arena, Kazakhstan clearly outlined its abolitionist aspirations by supporting the UN General Assembly’s resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty in December 2012.This renders the current situation rather unclear.Three new capital offencesOn 11 June, the Majilis, the lower house of Kazakhstan’s parliament, approved the Senate’s draft Penal Code.Chapter 4 of the Penal Code, Crimes against Peace and Security, now includes three new articles authorising the death penalty: Article 164 – application of prohibited means and methods of conducting a war, Article 165 – violation of laws and customs in war time, and Article 253 – international terrorism.Article 164 states that the use weapons of mass destruction shall be punishable by death. Article 165 permits the application of capital punishment for the murder of persons who have laid down arms, unarmed, injured, sick persons or defeated troops, medical and paramedical personnel, clerics, prisoners of war, civilians on occupied territories or in a war zone, as well as persons under international protection in wartime.Article 253 allows the application of the death penalty for an attempt at homicide perpetrated with the aim of disrupting public safety, intimidating the population, coercing the public authorities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, another government, or an international organisation into making decisions, or perpetrated with the view to starting a war or aggravating international relations.Moreover, this article punishes by death an attempt on a politician or another public person’s life, perpetrated with a view to terminating their political activity, as well as for the taking of hostages and the seizure of buildings, vehicles, vessels, or other means of mass transportation.Abuse of authority and power removed from capital crimesAt the same time, the death penalty was abolished in two articles applicable to public officials in wartime: Article 380 (Article 448 in the new Criminal Code) on abuse of authority and Article 380-1 (Article 449 in the new Criminal Code) on excess of power.Kazakhstan professes intent to align its national law with its international liabilities, namely those arising from the Geneva Conventions and their additional protocols.How should such seeming alignment be interpreted?On the one hand, the list of crimes punishable by death was extended with three articles, which is contrary to Kazakhstan’s decade-old efforts to restrict the application of death penalty. On the other hand, death penalty was made illegal for crimes which could be perpetrated by public officials, which can be seen as a desire for them to evade capital punishment.This reform is particularly worrying at the time when the human rights situation in Kazakhstan has been constantly deteriorating for more than two years. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kazakhstan [1] => Kazakhstan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2117] => Array ( [objectID] => 4542 [title] => Singapore breaks three-year moratorium on executions [timestamp] => 1405900800 [date] => 21/07/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singapore-breaks-three-year-moratorium-on-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f35fd3573c298d3acc28063ceffe8a3c_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => On 18 July 2014, Singapore executed two death row prisoners, Tang Hai Liang, 36, and Foong Chee Peng, 48, bringing to an end a three-year official moratorium established by the government in 2011 as part of the review process of the mandatory death penalty. [texte] => The changes to the mandatory death penalty regime were passed by Parliament in November 2012 after a full debate, and came into force in January 2013. All persons already sentenced to death under the Misuse of Drugs Act by the time the new legislation came into force were given the opportunity to elect to be considered for re-sentencing under the new regime.The Singapore Working Group on the Death Penalty, which includes the organisations We believe in Second Chances, Singapore Anti-Death Penalty Campaign and World Coalition member Think Center Singapore, published a statement expressing its regrets for the two executions.It affirmed that “the review of the mandatory death penalty took place without any public consultation nor has it been made available for public scrutiny”. Subsequently, the changes were passed by Parliament in the exact form proposed by the government in July 2012, despite various warnings about potential problems.Ongoing constitutional challengeThe group also highlighted that there is an ongoing application filed by another drug offender before the Supreme Court, challenging a provision of the Misuse of Drugs Act because it violates the Constitution. The hearing is scheduled before the Court of Appeal on 18 August 2014.Given the fact that the constitutional challenge to the amendments could have a bearing on the lawfulness of Foong and Tang’s executions, it was “deeply unjust to have executed them before the constitutional challenge was decided”.Finally, the Working group affirmed that the executions are “a regrettable step backwards for Singapore”. The death penalty has not been proven to be a more useful deterrent against crime than alternative forms of punishment and according to international law it must be limited to the most serious crimes, which do not include drugs-related offences.United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has recently reaffirmed this principle of international law at a panel discussion on the death penalty held at the United Nations in New York. He stated: “I am particularly troubled by the application of the death penalty for offences that do not meet the threshold under international human rights law of ‘most serious crimes’, including drug-related offences.”The abolitionist community in Singapore is calling on the government to impose a moratorium on all executions and move towards the abolition of capital punishment in the country. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2118] => Array ( [objectID] => 4543 [title] => California ruling paves way for abolition of one of the world’s largest death rows [timestamp] => 1405641600 [date] => 18/07/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/california-ruling-paves-way-for-abolition-of-one-of-the-worlds-largest-death-rows/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/dc71020691d791cd1c70373d4ff16892_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => United States Federal District Court Judge Cormac J. Carney, who was appointed by former President George W. Bush, a strong supporter of the death penalty, ruled on 16 July that California’s death penalty system violates the US Constitution. [texte] => Judge Carney wrote that the “dysfunctional administration of California’s death penalty system has resulted, and will continue to result, in an inordinate and unpredictable period of delay” and that these delays have created a “system in which arbitrary factors, rather than legitimate ones like the nature of the crime or the date of the death sentence, determine whether an individual will actually be executed”.Overturning the death sentence of petitioner Ernest Dewayne Jones, Judge Carney noted that Jones faced “complete uncertainty as to when, or even whether” he will be executed. The “random few” who will be executed “will have languished for so long on death row that their execution will serve no retributive or deterrent purpose and will be arbitrary”.“No rational person,” Carney wrote, “can question that the execution of an individual carries with it the solemn obligation of the government to ensure that the punishment is not arbitrarily imposed and that it furthers the interests of society.”The decision of Judge Carney can be appealed to the Federal Court of Appeal.“Arbitrary system”Natasha Minsker, associate director of the ACLU of Northern California, who was the campaign manager of the SAFE California campaign to replace the death penalty in 2012, said the ruling marked “the first time any judge has ruled systemic delay creates an arbitrary system that serves no legitimate purpose and is therefore unconstitutional.”Judge Carney was appointed by former President George W. Bush, who made enthusiastic use of the death penalty while he was governor of the State of Texas.The defendant in this case, Ernest Dewayne Jones has been on death row since 1995. He argued that because inmates sentenced to death in California are more likely to die of old age than execution, the California death penalty violates the Constitution.Significantly, Judge Carney did not see a way out of this morass for California. He did not propose that the system could be fixed; he did not see that as a possibility. He stated unequivocally that the system is arbitrary, dysfunctional and unconstitutional.“The death penalty is broken beyond repair”“Judge Carney’s ruling today is truly historic,” said Gil Garcetti, former District Attorney of Los Angeles County. “It further proves that the death penalty is broken beyond repair; it is exorbitantly costly, unfair, and serves no legitimate purpose whatsoever. The only solution is to replace the death penalty with life in prison without the possibility of parole.”The ruling highlights problems brought to light in 2008 by the California Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice. The bi-partisan commission comprised of prosecutors, law enforcement, judges, academics and defense attorneys, concluded that California’s death penalty system is dysfunctional and issued a series of comprehensive policy recommendations in order to address the dysfunction.“We provided recommendations to improve the system, including providing funds to hire more attorneys and judges to move cases through the appeals process more quickly,” comments John Van de Kamp, former attorney general of California and chair of the Commission. “To date, none of our recommendations have been implemented.”Both Van de Kamp and Carcetti took part in recent World Congresses against the Death Penalty at the invitation of the World Coalition.One in four US death row prisoners in CaliforniaIn 2012, 48% of California voters voted yes on Proposition 34, which would have replaced the death penalty with life in prison without parole, and would have required inmates to work in prison and pay restitution to victims’ families.California houses close to 25% of all death row prisoners in the United States. Ending the death penalty in California will have an enormous impact on ending the death penalty nationally, for a number of reasons.The factors that exist in California exist in other states as well – the arbitrariness, the racial and economic bias, the dysfunction in execution protocols, the lack of deterrence and the extraordinary financial cost.Both for the other states in the US, and for other retentionist states worldwide, California has tremendous cultural weight and impact. The state has the eight largest economy in the world, and is seen around the world as a political and social trend-setter.Abolition in the United States, even in California, the largest of the US states, with a population of more than 38 million and about 750 people on death row, would set a powerful example for retentionist states in Asia, Africa and the Middle East.Elizabeth Zitrin is a vice president of the World Coalition, a California attorney and a member of the SAFE California Coalition.Photo: San Quentin prison, which includes California’s death row (Zboralski) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2119] => Array ( [objectID] => 4544 [title] => Improved access to unique global death penalty library [timestamp] => 1404950400 [date] => 10/07/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/improved-access-to-unique-global-death-penalty-library/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/571f41856e80064dcc6a02fb8ebbf808_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition has redesigned its online library to help visitors find the documents they need in its multilingual database of resources and campaigning tools on capital punishment. [texte] => Whether you’re a student cramming to finish a law thesis on the death penalty this summer or an activist getting material together for an event on World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10, the online library contains the sources of information you need.It contains all the resources on the death penalty identified by the World Coalition since the beginning of the 21st century in over 15 languages, as well as key documents from the 20th century such as international treaties.The new search engine allows you to just type a few words in the simple search tool, or enter refined request by region, country, theme, author, publisher, language, etc. in its advanced section.Navigation through search results has been clarified, with a quick option to see more details about a document without leaving the list of documents matching your search.The library provides a single web address for each document to share it, add it to a bibliography or come back to it later.The library offers links to download or order each document (book, report, film, piece of international law…) from its publisher.The World Coalition secretariat made improvements to the library thanks to European Union funding and voluntary support from Mary Traynor and Sophie Fotiadi, with Hypernaut implementing the changes.The World Coalition welcomes feedback on broken links and missing documents – please help us improve this unique documentation centre!Photo: Chris Devers [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [2] => Death Row Conditions [3] => Drug Offenses [4] => Fair Trial [5] => Innocence [6] => Intellectual Disability [7] => Juveniles [8] => Legal Representation [9] => Mental Illness [10] => Moratorium [11] => Murder Victims' Families [12] => Public Opinion [13] => Terrorism [14] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2120] => Array ( [objectID] => 4545 [title] => African leaders and abolitionists hold anti-death penalty summit in Cotonou [timestamp] => 1404691200 [date] => 07/07/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/african-leaders-and-abolitionists-hold-anti-death-penalty-summit-in-cotonou/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8912fa6d40931ad909d2e279c0d8680a_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The signature of an African treaty on the abolition of the death penalty is a priority to firm up the trend moving away from capital punishment across the continent. [texte] => From July 2 to 4, 2014, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), in cooperation with the Benin authorities, organised the first Continental Conference on the death penalty in Cotonou, Benin.This Conference, which gathered representatives from African Union (AU) member States, parliamentarians, national human rights institutions and civil society organisations, opened the debate on the issue of the death penalty in Africa as well as the need for the adoption of a regional legal instrument on its abolition.On 5 July 2014, 78 human rights organisations launch a “Manifesto for a Protocol to the African Charter on the abolition of the death penalty” supporting the adoption, by AU Member States, of a regional legal instrument expressly stating the abolition of the death penalty.For Karim Lahidji, FIDH President, "the ongoing debates on the death penalty in Africa constitute an undeniable opportunity for African countries to strengthen the global and growing movement in favour of the abolition of the death penalty. Concrete actions and commitments must be made in favour of the adoption of an African Protocol explicitly abolishing the death penalty".African ownership of the abolitionist movementFor Paul Angaman, Chairperson of ACAT Côte d’Ivoire and member of FIACAT, “the adoption of an African Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty will allow AU Member States to develop a sense of ownership of the abolitionist movement and to strengthen the continental dimension of the abolition of the death penalty”.The regional trend against the death penalty is a reality: 17 AU Member States have enacted laws to abolish the death penalty , including four States in the past five years, and 19 other member States are de facto abolitionist. Despite this encouraging trend towards abolition, resistance remains : in 2013, death sentences were passed in at least 19 African countries and executions were carried out in at least five of them."The abolition of the death penalty will soon become a matter of the past. It is important to continue debating openly with African States which still retain the death sentence and to explore, together with them, strategies to achieve abolition”, said Alice Mogwe, FIDH deputy secretary general, director of DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights and member of the ACHPR Working Group on the Death Penalty.Among the strategies envisaged by the ACHPR Working Group on the Death Penalty to achieve continental abolition is the adoption of a regional legal instrument on abolition. In 2011, following a study on the situation of the death penalty in Africa, carried out with the support of FIDH, FIACAT and the World Coalition, the Working Group had recommended that African States adopt a Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the abolition of the death penalty.According to Florence Bellivier, president of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty, "the adoption of an African regional instrument aiming at the abolition of the death penalty would help to clarify the legal means to achieve abolition. It would also be an encouraging instrument which would strengthen the advocacy for the universal abolition."Good news from AfricaThe closing ceremony of the continental conference saw the participation of several African countries' ministries of justice and foreign affairs. Madagascar's Justice Minister Noëline Ramanantenasoa seized this opportunity to announce that her country is on the way to take the necessary steps towards abolition in law after signing the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty in September 2012.A bill to reform the penal code and abolish the death penalty is under review before the government presents it to the National Assembly for a vote in October 2014.Good news came from Ghana as well. Ambassador Thomas Kwesi Quartey, the deputy minister for foreign affairs and regional integration, announced that a constitutional reform including the abolition of the death penalty will be submitted to a popular vote through a referendum in the coming weeks. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Benin ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2121] => Array ( [objectID] => 4546 [title] => West African court finds against Nigeria in abusive capital cases [timestamp] => 1404345600 [date] => 03/07/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/west-african-court-finds-against-nigeria-in-abusive-capital-cases/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4bd1f14c533eead5e5434d4187cd9993_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The ECOWAS Court has upheld the rights of death row detainees following litigation by World Coalition member organisation ASF France and Nigerian human rights defedenders. [texte] => In what can be described as ground breaking judgments, the Community Court of Justice of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) stood up against the death penalty imposed on minors and threat of execution in the course of appeal. The judgments delivered on 10 June underscored the need to respect and enforce fundamental human rights as stipulated in the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights. The cases brought before the court were in respect of Maimuna Abdulmumini and Thankgod Ebhos, both sentenced to death in Nigeria.Execution of juvenile offenders illegalMaimuna Abdulmumini was tried for the alleged murder of her husband when she was only thirteen years old and was subsequently sentenced to death by a Katsina State High Court in 2012. In February this year, Avocats Sans Frontières France (Lawyers Without Borders France - ASFF) filed and won an application for interim measures on Maimuna’s behalf thus restraining the government from executing her, pending the accelerated hearing of her case.In its final judgment, the presiding judge, Justice Hansine Donli, declared that pronouncing the death sentence on Maimuna for an offence she committed as a minor was a breach of article 6 sub section 5 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The court awarded Maimuna N5 million as damages and N500,000 as the cost of the trial.No execution while appeal is pendingIn its final judgment, the court ordered the Nigerian government to remove Thankgod’s name from deah row as any attempt to execute Thankgod Ebhos was the fifth inmate of Edo prison who was taken to the gallows but was not executed. Thankgod has been on death row since 1995 after being sentenced to death by a military tribunal. ASFF had earlier in the year filed and won an injunction at the ECOWAS court restraining the Edo state government from carrying out the death sentence against him.him while his appeal was still pending in the Court of Appeal would be a gross violation of his right to appeal as contained in section 6 subsection 4 of ICCPR .Avocats Sans Frontieres France has hailed the judgments, which it described as ground-breaking.“By its judgment, the ECOWAS court has shown commitment to ensuring strict adherence to due process and the right to defence as it relates to detainees on death row. In the wake of the executions in Edo last year, this Judgment cements a step in the move to firmly establish respect for fundamental human rights in the Nigerian legal system,” said Angela Uwandu, ASF France Head of Office in Nigeria.Binding rulingArticle 15(4) of the ECOWAS Treaty makes the Judgment of the Court binding on member states, including Nigeria. The finality and enforceability of the court’s decisions is also provided for in the 1991 Protocol. Article 24 of the Supplementary Protocol o f the court and Article 77 of the ECOWAS Treaty empowers the court to sanction non compliance with judgments made.The Saving Lives project run by ASFF in partnership with the National Human Rights Commission, the Nigerian Bar Association and Access for Justice has 140 detainees as beneficiaries in all the target states of the project. It is a move on the part of ASFF to ensure the restrictive pronouncement of capital punishment in Nigeria.Saving Lives is funded by the European Union and the French Development Agency. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria [1] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2122] => Array ( [objectID] => 4547 [title] => Working with journalists to expose the death penalty’s flaws [timestamp] => 1404086400 [date] => 30/06/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/working-with-journalists-to-expose-the-death-penaltys-flaws/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f5f6ee0d2f021b93639efc3815df6e77_2-500x253.jpg [extrait] => Journalists and activists held a joint practical workshop during the World Coalition’s recent AGM in Puerto Rico to discuss ways of getting the abolitionist message across in the media. [texte] => Rafael Lenín López, president of the Association of Puerto Rican Journalists, told abolitionists that his association’s members were broadly supportive of the fight against the death penalty.“I have never seen a journalist call for the death penalty against the accused in a criminal case in our country,” Lopez said.Journalist and Worldcoalition.org editor Thomas Hubert gave participating activists some tips on what journalists want, starting with the answer to five essential questions: what, where, who, when and how/why. If abolitionists can provide such facts on any news story related to the death penalty and can deliver them in simple, jargon-free language and short sentences easily inserted into press article or broadcasts, journalists will be grateful and will contact them again, Hubert said.Both journalists explained that anti-death penalty campaigners should also organise their discourse in the inverted pyramid format used in the media, starting with the most important information and leaving secondary or background details for the end of their discussion with a journalist – especially when taking part in a live broadcast when time is short and difficult to manage.“After I interview an activist, I may have to broadcast my report in 20 seconds – that’s the reality,” said Lopez.“If you are asked the question why the World Coalition is visiting Puerto Rico, and you start your answer with a list of reasons why the World Coalition is a great organisation, the journalist will cut you off,” Hubert added.Choose an angle and stick to itAs the death penalty is a vast topic with complex ramification, Hubert suggested that abolitionists choose a particular angle to get journalists interested in a restricted, newsworthy part of the issue. He quoted Penal Reform International’s training guide for journalists on reporting on the death penalty, which includes many suggestions for such angles.Discussions with local and international anti-death penalty campaigners yielded thought-provoking questions and examples related to interactions between abolitionists and the media.Mario Marazziti of the Community of Sant’Egidio stressed that audiences and journalists often did not care about the death penalty until it was connected to another issue. “For example, they care about torture, and examples of botched executions can generate interest,” he said.Jacky Hortaut of the Free Mumia! French Support Group offered a strong example of collaboration between a campaign group and the media, in which activists exchanged access to sources for increased exposure. He explained that a journalist from French public radio joined his group on a tour of the US, collecting numerous interviews and visiting key locations. The journalist’s station then dedicated a full day to broadcasts from her trip, focusing on the case of former death row prisoner Mumia Abu-Jamal.Lopez encouraged all activists and journalists to engage in such collaboration, while respecting the media’s need for balance coverage. “Each death penalty case is a disgrace, but it is also an opportunity for us to educate and strengthen public opinion against such atrocity,” he said. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2123] => Array ( [objectID] => 4548 [title] => Suriname and Haiti to lead abolitionist way in the Caribbean [timestamp] => 1403827200 [date] => 27/06/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/suriname-and-haiti-to-lead-abolitionist-way-in-the-caribbean/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/87c4423cf4be6c992a7d778eb27fc49d_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition held its 2014 AGM in abolitionist Puerto Rico and highlighted key regional developments in the fight against the death penalty, which remains on the books of many countries in the Greater Caribbean. [texte] => Regional abolitionists taking part in the World Coalition’s annual general meeting in the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico received a boost from the latest news in Suriname, where a bill to abolish the death penalty is being pushed before the Parliament.“Suriname will soon abolish the death penalty in its criminal code,” the country’s National Assembly vice-chair Ruth Wijdenbosch told the meeting. The bill is before a special committee and its supporters hope to have it passed in time for World Day Against the Death Penalty on 10 October.“I am in the opposition and I’m here with the majority leader. We are convinced that this bill will be adopted,” said Wijdenbosch, highlighting bi-partisan support for abolition.Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan of the Paris-based NGO Together Against the Death Penalty added that the authorities of Haiti, which has abolished the death penalty, gave him assurances during a country visit in June that Port-au-Prince would fast-track the ratification of the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty.Watch comments from Caribbean activists at the 2014 AGM below:Such decisive action by Suriname and Haiti could strengthen the abolitionist momentum observed in the region, in combination with the anti-death penalty activism of Puerto Rico – which has abolished it but remains subjected to capital cases in federal courts as a commonwealth of the US.Pedro Pierluisi, Puerto Rico’s resident commissioner in Washington D.C., told the World Coalition AGM that he had lost his own brother to a murder and faced the prospect of seeing the murderer sentenced to death. Through that experience, he had made up his mind to oppose the death penalty because “no human being should end anybody’s life unless they have no other choice”, he said.As resident commissioner, Pierluisi represents Puerto Rico in the US Congress and has been advocating for greater opportunities for individual states or territories to defend their interests in federal capital cases – thus helping Puerto Rico oppose the death penalty when its residents are prosecuted before federal courts.Puerto Rican lawyers have recently adopted a new tactic to undermine such federal capital cases: “We have written a letter to the attorney general of Puerto Rico stating that every time investigators in any of these cases seeks police assistance from Puerto Rico, this is an unlawful use of public funds,” said Ana Irma Rivera-Lassén, president of the Puerto Rico Bar Association.Such actions received support from Miguel Pereira, a former police chief of Puerto Rico and now a senator. Pereira said he used to support the death penalty, but when directly confronted with the case of a young man facing capital punishment, he had realised he was a human being with a family and had changed his mind.“The death penalty harms us, the citizens of the country in which it is imposed. It says: we don’t know what do with you, so we’ll kill you. We must avoid reaching that conclusion,” said Pereira.Caribbean network spreads the abolitionist word in the regionSuch statements from Caribbean leaders are a welcome influence in neighbouring English-speaking islands, where the death penalty is still on the books and governments have tried to resume executions in the past few years. There are 108 people on death row in eight Caribbean countries.Parvais Jabbar of the Death Penalty Project welcomed recent jurisprudence resisting such attempts, especially through appeals to the London-based Privy Council, which acts as the court of last resort in many Caribbean jurisdictions.“In the Pratt and Morgan case in Jamaica, the Privy Council ruled that execution after a long delay would amount to cruel and unusual punishment,” Jabbar said. He added that subsequent rulings had imposed greater transparency on clemency and pardon procedures, which were often carried out in secret.“But the most important development has been the introduction of principles in sentencing,” Jabbar said. “Mandatory or automatic death penalty has now been abolished in ten Caribbean countries and discretion has been given to the judiciary to impose a lesser sentence.” Barbados has been the latest State in the region to undertake the abolition of mandatory death sentences.However, Jabbar stressed that the judiciary could not outlaw capital punishment completely in most Caribbean countries. “The courts have reached their limits,” he said. “Abolishing the death penalty is a political issue.”To achieve this, the region’s abolitionists have been increasingly co-ordinating their work and supporting each other through the Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) network. Its chairwoman Leela Ramdeen told the World Coalition AGM that GCL had been developing communication tools for its members to exchange information and signed an agreement with the Inter-American University in Puerto Rico to prepare shadow reports for international human rights protection mechanisms. One issue regional activists are working on is capital punishment’s lack of deterrence value. “In Trinidad and Tobago, the murder rate increased five-fold in a decade. The high murder rate is a major stumbling block in GCL’s path: politicians continue to see the death penalty as the bogey man to fight crime,” Ramdeen said. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados [1] => Haiti [2] => Jamaica [3] => Puerto Rico [4] => Suriname [5] => Suriname [6] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2124] => Array ( [objectID] => 4549 [title] => World Coalition raises mental health issues in administration of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1403395200 [date] => 22/06/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-raises-mental-health-issues-in-administration-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0f5b99c0f974feb82b22c67a4996466c_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => World abolitionists gathered in Puerto Rico between 20-22 June to take stock on progress in the crucial Caribbean region and prepare for the next round of the fight against the death penalty. [texte] => Puerto Rico’s authorities welcomed members of the World Coalition with a motion of support by the Puerto Rican Senate and a strong statement by Secretary of State David Bernier, who said that the death penalty is “an ill that needs to be fought with all the strength and power of human souls”.Local lawyers and officials explained that the Caribbean island, which is a commonwealth of the US, abolished the death penalty in its constitution in 1952 but remains under the threat of capital cases brought by US federal courts. Puerto Ricans selected for jury duty have consistently stopped those cases so far, and local activists welcomed for the attention of support brought by the World Coalition’s AGM, which was hosted by the Puerto Rico Bar Association.World Coalition president Florence Bellivier highlighted the importance of holding the meeting in Puerto Rico, which acts as “an island of hope in a menacing sea, between the US giant and retentionist Caribbean states”.She hailed the strengthening of the overall global trend towards abolition, with 98 countries having now abolished the death penalty for all crimes, compared to 85 ten years ago. Yet “there are many setbacks and much stagnation”, she said in reference to examples including mass death sentences in Egypt, Tunisia’s failure to abolish capital punishment in its new constitution or the resumption of executions in Taiwan.Bellivier listed the global economic crises and associated inward-looking policies in the West and conflict in countries such as Iraq as factors impairing progress towards global abolition.To widen the World Coalition’s impact, “we should now involve a wider section of civil society including professional associations of judges – who can impose other sentences than death; medics – on lethal injection issues; and journalists – who shape public opinion,” she said.Watch extracts from Bellivier's statement below.Mental health issues expose death penalty flawsExperts and practitioners told the World Coalition AGM that people with mental health issues were disproportionately and wrongly affected by the death penalty, both before and after sentencing.Dr Stephen Greenspan, a developmental psychologist involved as a forensic expert in many capital cases in the US, said that despite international and national legal provisions such as the 2002 Atkins vs. Virginia US Supreme Court ruling, people with intellectual disability are still sentenced to death.“In some areas, it is difficult to find qualified intellectual disability experts. IQ tests are often invalid and give misleading results. In many countries, intellectual disability is poorly defined,” Greenspan said. For example, South Korean law regards intellectual disability as a temporary state from which a person can recover, which he said was scientifically inaccurate.Even when a person’s IQ is accurately measured, Greenspan said that the ceiling determining a person’s intellectual disability remains arbitrary and there is no consensus on the social functioning difficulties associated with it.“Given the many grounds on which an intellectual disability death penalty exemption claim can be opposed, it’s typically an uphill battle,” he said. “And given difficulties in establishing intellectual disability and its impact on behaviour in capital cases, it may be more reasonable to abolish the death penalty altogether,” he added.Psychiatrist Dr Terry Kupers, who has been studying prison populations for several decades, spoke about the trend to move death rows to so-called supermax solitary confinement units and its consequence on the mental health of prisoners.“Human beings need social interaction to maintain a grasp on reality. In isolation, delusional thoughts develop and turn into paranoia,” Kupers explained. He also noted that isolation exacerbates existing conditions such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.Symptoms among death row prisoners placed in isolation range from headaches to memory loss and self-harm, with half of suicides among US prisoners happening among the 3 to 8% who are in solitary confinement. Kupers added that non-suicidal self-harm such as cutting was rife among men incarcerated in those units. “I have only seen it in young girls, except in confinement prison populations,” he said.Kupers concluded that such conditions amounted to torture and affected death row prisoners’ chances in fighting their appeals.Parvais Jabbar, executive director of the Death Penalty Project, represented defendants in capital cases in several Caribbean countries and said many failed to raise issues of mental health in the courts – because they had not been diagnosed or could not afford forensic experts. He added that experts were scarce in some countries, or were employed by the State, which made them less independent.“In Saint Kitts, I represented a prisoner in an appeal and when we first met, he did not talk for one hour. He just nodded,” Jabbar said. “It emerged that between the crime and his arrest, he had been shot and received a brain injury. Nobody in court had raised it.”Jabbar said that such cases should be appealed on the grounds of new evidence, which is available in many Caribbean jurisdictions, to create jurisprudence.Issues of mental health and the death penalty will be at the heart of this year’s World Day Against the Death Penalty on 10 October.Strong testimonies from exonerated death row prisonersPractical workshops focused on key issues in the current fight against the death penalty – cases of innocence on death row, techniques to communicate abolitionist messages when dealing with journalists and the involvement of parliamentarians in initiatives for abolition. Ruth Wijdenbosch, the vice-chair of the National Assembly of Suriname and a member for Parliamentarians for Global Action, announced the launch of a global platform against the death penalty targeting MPs. "Fellow members of parliament around the world, convince governments to abolish the death penalty or at least reduce its use through a moratorium and support a resolution for a moratorium at the UN General Asssembly this year," Wijdenbosch said. Juan Melendez, a Puerto Rican who spent 17 years on death row in Florida for a crime he did not commit, told the the session on innocence that he was sentenced to death in just five days. He recalled how he knew one his fellow prisoners was being put on the electric chair when the lights went on and off in his cell. “People need to understand that the death penalty is racist, expensive, cruel and unnecessary. We have alternatives,” he said.Ray Krone, who was wrongfully convicted of a murder despite material evidence of his innocence, said: “My court-appointed attorney received $5,000 to defend me. You can’t get a divorce in the US for $5,000.”World Coalition vice-president Elizabeth Zitrin explained that multiple factors led to such wrongful convictions, ranging from false confessions to government misconduct, informants with an interest in making accusations and bad lawyering. She also cautioned against relying too heavily in DNA testing to establish a person’s guilt or innocence. “DNA is available in only 4 to 8% of murder cases in the US,” she said.Rosalyn Park of the Advocates for Human Rights noted that 144 people have been exonerated from death row in the US, totalling 1,485 years in prison – yet very few have received adequate compensation. Only 16 US states with the death penalty have laws providing for financial compensation. “Only 10 states offer exonerees social services, and only 15 people have received them,” she added.Park gave the example of Louisiana, where exonerated death row prisoners receive $10 on the day they are released from prison, then a maximum of $15,000 per year wrongfully spent in prison after a long process.She said the UN Human Rights Committee had noted the lack of adequate legislation on compensation for wrongful capital convictions in the US. The Advocates for Human Rights’ recommendations include a minimum of $100,000 per year in prison and an official apology. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2125] => Array ( [objectID] => 4550 [title] => New study shows Taiwan death penalty violates human rights standards [timestamp] => 1402185600 [date] => 08/06/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/new-study-shows-taiwan-death-penalty-violates-human-rights-standards/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e91c5c79a82aa501edf4d9cfa7d3e4c5_2-500x295.jpg [extrait] => Collaboration between World Coalition member organisations The Death Penalty Project and Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty follows acceleration of executions in the country. [texte] => In association with the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, the Death Penalty Project launched a report on the death penalty in Taiwan on 5 June 2014.The event, held at the National Taiwan University, was attended by representatives from the British Trade and Cultural Office, lawyers, members of the diplomatic community, academics and NGOs. The report, co-authored by Professor Wen-Chen Chang from the National Taiwan University and Professor David Johnson from the University of Hawaii, highlights specific aspects of Taiwan’s domestic legal order that does not meet the minimum standards under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).Taiwan passed legislation to incorporate the ICCPR into the domestic legal order in 2009, yet the current death penalty practice is largely out of line with the contemporary understanding of the ICCPR as it relates to the death penalty.This publication is timely, given the recent executions of five prisoners on 29 April 2014, bringing the total number of executions in Taiwan since 2010 to 26, after a four-year period – 2006 to 2009 – when there was a de facto moratorium. Saul Lehrfreund, co-executive director of The Death Penalty Project, said: “Taiwan’s current policy on capital punishment is clearly going against the worldwide trend to restrict the use of the death penalty, and to reduce the number of executions, pending total abolition. This report demonstrates an urgent need for Taiwan to stop executions and for the government and judiciary to reform their criminal and constitutional laws that regulate the use of the death penalty to enable Taiwan to fulfil its legal obligations under their domestic legal order and the ICCPR standards.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2126] => Array ( [objectID] => 4551 [title] => Abolitionists slam Liberia’s death penalty at African human rights review [timestamp] => 1400803200 [date] => 23/05/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionists-slam-liberias-death-penalty-at-african-human-rights-review/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/69034243ecbf510971e6f5e81f925cb8_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => World Coalition members RAL, FIACAT and FIDH took part in this month’s 55th Session of the African Commission of Human and People’s Rights in Luanda, Angola, which included the periodic review of the situation in Liberia. [texte] => Liberia was reviewed from 3 May, 2014. Acting Justice Minister Witonia Dixon-Barnes and two government officials replied to 120 questions submitted before the meeting in a report painting a positive picture of human rights in Liberia, including on the issue of the death penalty.RAL and the Liberia Coalition for Human Rights Defenders (LICHRD) participated through a submission prepared with support from the International Service for Human Rights. The shadow report included criticism of the government report and questions on the death penalty: “Despite advocacy and lobbying with the National Legislature and other relevant government institutions by Rescue Alternatives Liberia, in collaboration with other civil society organizations, for the repeal of the 2008 law that allows the death penalty, practical action is yet to be taken by the government of Liberia that will lead to its abolition,” the submission read. “Courts in Liberia are still sentencing people to death although no one has been executed. Presently there is a moratorium placed on the death penalty but there is a need for the urgent repeal of death penalty in the country.”"Fast-track the repeal" of death penalty lawThe Liberian NGOs’ recommendation was that “the Executive Branch of government should use its influence in the House of Legislature to fast track the repeal of the July 2008 law that allows use of the death penalty”.In a statement on the death penalty in Africa, FIACAT and FIDH also highlighted the situation in Liberia, where the 2008 reinstatement of capital punishment violated the earlier adoption of the UN treaty on the definitive abolition of the death penalty.“By ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Pact on Civil and Political Rights in 2005, Liberia had taken a significant step illustrating the global and continental trend towards the abolition of the death penalty,” they said. “Yet the reinstatement of the death penalty for some crimes in 2008, including armed robbery, terrorism and hijacking, violated that major commitment of Liberia. Although no execution has taken place in the country since 2000, death sentences continue to be handed down. As Liberia reviews its Constitution, FIDH and FIACAT call on the country to seize this opportunity to abolish the death penalty for all crimes.”Photo: ACHPR [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liberia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2127] => Array ( [objectID] => 4552 [title] => Syrian man’s trial rallies abolitionists against Lebanon’s death penalty [timestamp] => 1400716800 [date] => 22/05/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/syrian-mans-trial-rallies-abolitionists-against-lebanons-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ae3c7329542d36bb1549800bea232614_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The Paris Bar and AJEM, two World Coalition member organisations, have been joining forces to defend national and international arguments for abolition in Lebanon. [texte] => On 20 May 2014, Paris Bar President Pierre-Olivier Sur joined Lebanese defence lawyers Ziad Achour and Lina Aya, both members of Association Justice et Miséricorde (AJEM), to defend a 24-year-old Syrian refugee who is the youngest person on death row in Lebanon.Sur told the Cassation Court that the death penalty violates Lebanon’s international commitments, which supersede national law.On the one hand, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (part of the Preamble to the Lebanese Constitution) enshrines the “the inherent dignity of all members of the human family,” the “right to life” and forbids “cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment” – of which the death penalty obviously forms part. The same terms are included in the International Pact on Civil and Political Rights ratified by Lebanon.On the other hand, the Special Tribunal for Lebanon competent to prosecute the perpetrators of the attack that killed former Prime Minister Rafic Hariri has excluded the death penalty from the punishments applicable to terrorism, which is regarded as one of the “most serious crimes” in that it threatens the interests of the State. On that basis, handing down death sentences for violates both Lebanon’s international commitments – including the restriction of the death penalty to the “most serious crimes” – and the constitutional principle of equality between citizens.No deterrent effectThe defence also pleaded that the death penalty has no deterrent effect and does not apply in this case. Arguments derived from Lebanese law highlighted irregularities in proceedings – the defendant was not represented by a lawyer at his first hearings – the lack of premeditation as a condition to impose the death penalty and a number of mitigating circumstances (the defendant’s young age, absence of prior convictions and regrets). The verdict is due on 26 June.This first instance of joint pleading by AJEM lawyers and the president of the Paris Bar was made possible by authorisation of the president of the Beirut Bar. It paved the way for an exceptional hearing, which was attended by many NGOs, diplomats, members of parliament and former ministers. The court accepted simultaneous interpretation of the proceedings in French and Arabic. A press conference on the struggle for the abolition of the death penalty in Lebanon followed at St Joseph University.Lebanon has observed a de facto moratorium since 2004, when the last execution warrant was signed. The moratorium is fragile as any change in political leadership could open the door to targeted executions, as was the case in 1994 and 2004. Death sentences remain frequent and they often target foreign nationals.Illustration: Darwinek [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2128] => Array ( [objectID] => 4553 [title] => AGM focuses on mental health and progress in the Caribbean [timestamp] => 1400198400 [date] => 16/05/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/agm-focuses-on-mental-health-and-progress-in-the-caribbean/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ddf554fcfbf3b818c09829a350e7ac1c_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition is holding its General Assembly between 20-22 June in San Juan, Puerto Rico and invites the public to take part in the event. [texte] => Click here to follow live discussions from the AGM on twitterThe 12th General Assembly of the World Coalition is taking place in San Juan, Puerto Rico at the invitation of the Puerto Rico Bar Association.The annual event is bringing together representatives from member organisations of the World Coalition and members of the public for a number of open sessions.Two plenary sessions are focusing on the World Day Against the Death Penalty on 10 October.The first one is examining the progress being made in the Caribbean, including that acknowledged by the inter-American Court of Human Rights regarding the reduction in the number of mandatory death sentences (without an option for the court to consider mitigating circumstances). Recently, the attorney general of Barbados, Adriel Brathwaite, announced that the country is preparing to abolish the mandatory nature of the penalty.The Court hopes that the region will continue to progress in this direction and eventually abolish the mandatory death penalty. The death penalty in the Caribbean was the focus of World Day Against the Death Penalty 2013.Mental health and the death penaltyThe second plenary is looking at the issues surrounding mental health and the death penalty, which is the theme for this year’s World Day. Two experts in the field of mental health, psychiatrist Dr Terry Kupers and Dr. Stephen Greenspan, an expert on intellectual disability and the death penalty, are the panellists.The World Coalition and the Puerto Rico Bar Association are also organising a wide range of round tables and workshops that will be open to the public.On the final day of the assembly, the World Coalition will hold meetings reserved for member organisations. Training sessions will aim to develop specific skills to help members in their own actions.ProgrammeThursday 19 June5pm - Inter American University, School of Law Theatre A talk on representing people that are facing the death penalty with a focus on the Caribbean. The ‘Representing Individuals Facing the Death Penalty: A Best Practices Manual’ will also be presented. Speakers: Juan Matos (Capital Defense lawyer and Chairman of the Puerto Rico Bar Association); Parvais Jabbar (Capital Defense lawyer and Executive Director of the Death Penalty Project); Anne Souléliac (Lawyer and Head of the Human Rights section of the Paris Bar). Friday 20 June 2.30pm - Documentary “Juan Meléndez - 6446”, ‘Cinema Bar’, Ballajá, Old San JuanThis screening will be hosted by the Civil Rights Commisssion with former death row inmate Juan Meléndez in attendance. WCADP General Assembly6-8pm - Opening Session: Welcoming remarks by Florence Bellivier (President of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty)Speakers: Ana Irma Rivera-Lassén (President of the Puerto Rico Bar); Hon. David Bernier (Puerto Rico Secretary of State); Edgardo Román-Espada (Former General Coordinator of the Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty); Kevin Miguel Rivera-Medina (Chair of the Puerto Rico Bar Committee on the Death Penalty).Saturday 21 June 9-11am - Plenary Session 1: The Death Penalty in the Caribbean Panel: Parvais Jabbar (Executive Director of the Death Penalty Project); Leela Ramdeen (Chair of the Greater Caribbean for Life network); Dr Ruth Wijdenbosch (Parliamentarians for Global Action Executive Committee Member and Vice-Chair of the National Assembly of Suriname); Hon. Miguel Pereira (Senator and Former Police Chief of Puerto Rico). Hon. Pedro Pierluisi (Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico to Washington DC). Moderator and concluding remarks: Carmelo Campos (Vice Chair of the Greater Caribbean for Life network).11-11:15am - Coffee Break11:15-12:45pm - Round table: Innocence and the Death PenaltyPanel: Ray Krone (former death row inmate and Director of Membership and Training for Witness to Innocence); Rosalyn Park (Advocates for Human Rights); Juan Meléndez (former death row inmate and member of Witness to Innocence).Moderator: Elizabeth Zitrin (Vice-President of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty).11:15-12:45pm - Round table: Role of Parliamentarians towards AbolitionPanel: Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan (Executive Director of ECPM and Vice-President of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty); Hon. Pedro Pierluisi (Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico to Washington DC); Renny Cushing (New Hampshire Parliamentarian and Executive Director of Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights). Moderator: Dr Ruth Wijdenbosch (Parliamentarians for Global Action Executive Committee Member and Vice-Chair of the National Assembly of Suriname).12:45-2pm - Lunch2:15-3:15pm - Workshop: Teaching AbolitionPanel: Irma Lugo (Amnesty International-Puerto Rico); Marianne Rossi (Program officer of ECPM).2:15-3:15pm - Workshop: Working with Journalists Panel: Rafael Lenin López (President of the Puerto Rico Journalist Association); Thomas Hubert (Web-editor of Worldcoalition.org and journalist).3:15-3:30pm - Coffee Break3:30-5:30pm - Plenary Session 2: Mental Health and the Death PenaltyPanel: Dr. Terry Kupers (Psychiatrist); Dr. Steve Greenspan (Expert on intellectual disability and the death penalty); Parvais Jabbar (Executive Director of the Death Penalty Project).Moderator: Maria Donatelli (Director of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty).5:30-6:15pm - Bomba Dance lesson Sunday 22 June (Open to members of the World Coalition only)9:30-2pm - Statutory Meeting2–3pm - Lunch3–4pm - Workshop: Using the World Coalition’s online ‘Library’Thomas Hubert (Web-editor of Worldcoalition.org and journalist).3–4pm - Workshop: Monitoring and EvaluationDr. Arnaud Gaillard (RAIDH and internal evaluator for the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty).4-5pm - Workshop: Developing tools for Abolition Marianne Rossi (Program officer of ECPM) 4-6pm - Steering Committee meeting (Steering Committee members only) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2129] => Array ( [objectID] => 4554 [title] => World Coalition supports international calls for American moratorium [timestamp] => 1399334400 [date] => 06/05/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-supports-international-calls-for-american-moratorium/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/009a4d10b0998791fac9e06218d61605_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Following the botched execution of Clayton Lockett in Oklahoma on 29 April, the United Nations called on the United States to suspend executions in the face of potential international law violations. The World Coalition supports this appeal. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, in solidarity with its members in the United States, joins the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) of the United Nations in calling for an immediate moratorium on executions throughout the USA.The long and evidently extreme suffering of prisoner Clayton Lockett following the administration of drugs under a secret, untested and unexamined lethal injection protocol appears to constitute cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment prohibited under international human rights standards.“We are deeply concerned that the killing of Mr Lockett was in violation of both the 8th Amendment to the US Constitution and the UN Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, to which the US is a party,” said Elizabeth Zitrin, a US lawyer and vice president of the World Coalition.President Barack Obama has taken positive steps in acknowledging that the death penalty in the US has “significant problems — racial bias, uneven application … [and] individuals on death row who later on were discovered to have been innocent” and in directing the Department of Justice to review the death penalty. That review will include both federal and state practices.The death penalty systems in the US are in serious disarray, with repeated malfunctions causing extreme suffering during executions, an absence of legitimate sources of drugs, pervasive racial bias and ongoing findings of innocence among death row prisoners.Under these circumstances, and with the recognition by President Obama of a disturbing array of serious problems, we strongly encourage the government of the United States to enforce an immediate moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2130] => Array ( [objectID] => 4555 [title] => More surprise executions in Taiwan [timestamp] => 1398816000 [date] => 30/04/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/more-surprise-executions-in-taiwan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0428445a1aee9e04e2e4e6fa3121629a_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => With the recent execution of five prisoners in Taiwan, World Coalition member organisation, Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP), is feeling a sense of déjà vu. [texte] => TAEDP has published a scathing press release that points the figure square at the government of President Ma Ying-jeou for the five executions that took place on 29 April. It claims political motivations are at the heart of the state sponsored killings.“By using the death penalty as a desperate means to salvage public approval, this government has shown to the world once and for all its savage and callous nature,” it states.The press release highlights the Ma government’s propensity to use executions as tool to divert attention away from its political shortcomings.“Since Ma Ying-jeou decided to resume capital punishment in 2010, each time the death penalty was carried out happened to coincide with political crises in which the Ma administration’s approval ratings plummeted,” it notes.Large-scale street protests over a controversial trade deal with China have rocked the political establishment in Taiwan in recent weeks.Executions reminiscent of 2013The most recent mass executions are reminiscent of the six executions that took place in April 2013 after the World Coalition held its Steering Committee meeting in Taiwan.As reported by the World Coalition at the time, the executions took place despite assurances from President Ma that the State would aim to “reduce the number of executions”.In response to the 2013 executions the World Coalition returned watches given as presents to its representatives by President Ma, accompanied by a letter urging him to "practice what [he] preach[es]".As the US dealt with the aftermath of its latest death penalty scandal – the botched execution of Clayton Lockett in Oklahoma – American abolitionists were among many World Coalition members shocked by the news from Taiwan.“The execution of five people in Taiwan in one day is a step backwards from the growing global consensus against the death penalty,” said Matt Cherry, executive director of Death Penalty Focus. “There’s a long and dishonourable history of regimes using executions to divert attention from their political problems. Taiwan can escape this shameful legacy by joining the majority of the world’s governments in ending the cruel and irreversible practice of state killing.”The latest executions came just days after TAEDP had conducted a series of workshops across the country to help defence lawyers defend clients facing the death penalty, including in cases of politically motivated expediency such as those of 29 April.The training sessions were conducted by Taiwanese and international lawyers using the publication Representing Individuals Facing the Death Penalty: A Best Practices Manual, published with assistance from the World Coalition and recently translated into traditional Chinese by TAEDP. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2131] => Array ( [objectID] => 4557 [title] => Iran executes four juvenile offenders in one week [timestamp] => 1398643200 [date] => 28/04/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iran-executes-four-juvenile-offenders-in-one-week/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8dd63ebce0e6db2bc10422275966410a_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The increased number of prisoners executed for offences committed before they turned 18 is in clear violation of Iran’s international commitments, the World Coalition says in the statement below. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty strongly condemns the increase in juvenile executions in Iran. According to reports by the World Coalition’s Steering Committee member, Iran Human Rights (IHR), at least six juvenile offenders have been executed this year already, four of them over the past week. This worrying trend has carried on from 2013, which saw at least eight juvenile offenders executed in Iran.President of the World Coalition, Florence Bellivier, stated: “The death penalty for juvenile offenders is a severe violation of human rights. We call upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to stop the execution of juvenile offenders.”Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, the spokesperson of IHR, stated: “Repealing all death sentences issued for offences committed before 18 years of age must be one of the principal demands of the international community in dialogues with Iran.”Iran has executed more juveniles than any country since 1990. At least 50 juvenile executions have been confirmed since 2005 and more than 100 juvenile offenders are currently on death row in Iran.Juvenile executions are increasingly viewed by the international community as a severe violation of human rights. In 2012, the UN General Assembly adopted the United Nations moratorium on the death penalty resolution (Resolution A/RES/67/176), with 111 votes in its favour. The resolution calls upon all States “to progressively restrict the use of the death penalty and not to impose capital punishment for offences committed by persons below eighteen years of age”.This trend is buttressed by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) which prohibits the use of the death penalty for offences committed by a person under 18 years of age, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which in its Article 6 restricts the use of the death penalty to the “most serious crimes” and forbids its use for crimes committed by persons under the age of 18. Iran has ratified both of these treaties although it has made reservations to the CRC that facilitate the execution of juveniles.During its last Universal Periodic Review in 2010, however, Iran accepted the recommendation of Belgium to “respect at least the minimum standards and the provisions of ICCPR and CRC concerning the death penalty”. Notably, Iran also accepted the recommendation of Kazakhstan to “consider the abolition of juvenile execution”.In spite of the substantial weight of international human rights opinion and instruments rejecting this practice, Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code contains provisions that can be used to execute juveniles if judges deemed that the juvenile was mature enough to understand the nature of the offence.The World Coalition calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to place an immediate moratorium on juvenile executions and honour its obligations under international law. It calls upon the state to ensure that juveniles currently on death row are granted their right to appeal their sentences as provided for under international law and that their sentences be subsequently commuted. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2132] => Array ( [objectID] => 4558 [title] => New Hampshire one vote short of abolition [timestamp] => 1398384000 [date] => 25/04/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/new-hampshire-one-vote-short-of-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c7d789b04c34dce0ceba5c9bb9841a74_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => A bill to repeal the death penalty in the US state of New Hampshire was blocked in the Senate on 22 April with votes for and against the bill deadlocked at 12-12. Despite the disappointment, Renny Cushing, Executive Director of World Coalition member organisation Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights, sees some positives. [texte] => Soon after the vote, Cushing, one of the key figures pushing for repeal of the death penalty in the state, was interviewed outside the State Capitol Building where he pointed to the positive outcomes from the vote and the work that now needs to be done.“What we did have was a couple of senators, who in the past had voted for the death penalty, change their position”, noted Cushing in reference to the two Republicans that voted for the repeal bill.As the bill was not defeated in the Senate, there is hope that the bill will be voted on again before the end of the legislative session on 30 June.“I know that there are other Senators that are still wrestling with the issue. Our work over the next few weeks or months is to try and visit those Senators to see if there is more information they want,” Cushing said.“All we need is one Senator who’ll respond to the call of history,” he remarked.Abolitionists will turn to the 12 Senators that voted against the bill, which included 11 Republicans and one Democrat.Cushing has previously explained to the World Coalition that conservatives can be convinced of the need to repeal the death penalty, by pointing to the money needed to maintain the death penalty, which could be redirected to law enforcement and reducing the number of unsolved murder cases.One week before the vote in the Senate, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted 2-2 with one absent member. The same committee assembled a few days later and voted 3-2 in favour of passing the bill in the Senate.The Senate Judiciary Committee’s vote is crucial as it acts as a recommendation to the Senate on whether or not a bill should be passed.Abolitionists in ConcordAbolitionists from around the world went to Concord, New Hampshire in the lead up to the Senate vote for a Steering Committee meeting of the World Coalition (photo above). There they witnessed a thriving abolitionist community.The World Coalition’s director Maria Donatelli spent several days meeting with local abolitionists, which included the New Hampshire Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights and the American Friends Service Committee, all of whom are members of the World Coalition.“It is great to see such a dedicated group of individuals that put a lot of energy into abolition of the death penalty in their state,” she said.“Although their efforts to abolish the death penalty have been stalled by the Senate, it is clear to me that a group like this will not rest until it is abolished, and that is really encouraging.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2133] => Array ( [objectID] => 4559 [title] => Belarus ends more than one year without execution [timestamp] => 1397433600 [date] => 14/04/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/belarus-ends-more-than-one-year-without-execution/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/bcb87f6be68fff98d26c7839920aefc4_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Despite an execution this month, Amnesty International’s latest annual report on the death penalty shows Belarus did not kill any prisoner last year, meaning Europe and Central Asia was execution-free for the first time since 2009. This achievement bolsters local abolitionists – despite the risks they face in their activism. [texte] => April 22, 2014 update: A prisoner was executed in Belarus this month, Viasna reported on April 18. "Death convict Pavel Sialiun is said to have been executed one of these days. Meanwhile, his complaint is still pending before the UN Human Rights Committee. This means that Belarus has once again breached its international obligations," the organisation said on its website. In 1977, Nobel peace prize-winner Andrei Sakharov declared his abolitionist views in an open letter to Amnesty International’s Conference on the Abolition of the Death Penalty. Some 37 years later, his words still reverberate in the modern context: “I am convinced that not only those who stand trial, but society as a whole and its every member individually bear responsibility for the crimes committed.” A.Sakharov called the death penalty “a violent and immoral institution that was plotting to weaken morality and law of the society”. The situation hasn’t changed much in Belarus since the Soviet era. The words of the famous Soviet scholar and human rights defender refer equally to modern Belarusian society. The death penalty’s inefficiency as a tool against terrorism or as a deterrent for potential perpetrators, the high probability of judicial errors, the cases of rejected pleas by defence lawyers and private lawsuits by mothers of death row prisoners— Sakharov mentioned all these and many other facts in support of abolition of the death penalty in the USSR.Today’s Belarusian human rights activists underline them again in courageous speeches and written statements.International recognitionOne of them is Ales Bialatski, head of the human rights group Viasna and vice-president of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH). A follower of Sakharov, Bialatski has been struggling for human rights in the USSR and Belarus for about 30 years and his work has been recognized by numerous international prizes. On 2 April, the Swedish organization Civil Rights Defenders named Bialatski Defender of the Year 2014. He was arrested in August 2011 and sentenced to four and a half year in prison three months later for "concealment of income on a large scale". In custody, he wrote literary essays and articles which were published in 2013 in a 455-page book, “Enlightened by the Belarusian Issue", which was banned as it “could damage the image of the Republic of Belarus”. Viasna is a core abolitionist organization in Belarus. Five years ago, in cooperation with Belarusian Helsinki Committee and Amnesty International in Minsk, they initiated the campaign “Human Rights Defenders against the Death Penalty in Belarus”. Its coordinator, Andrei Poluda, believes that the Belarusian campaign increased efficiency and effectiveness in supporting the abolitionist movement.The three main vectors of the campaign include: legal support (on national and international levels); social work with the families of those sentenced to death and executed; and information activities for the media and the population. Human rights defenders, lawyers, volunteers, members of various NGO, people in the public eye and common citizens are united in the campaign with one single object—to obtain a moratorium on capital punishment as a first step towards the abolition of the death penalty.Information efforts reaching the publicSince 2009, much has been to disseminate information on the death penalty in Belarus. Several documentaries have been shot and transmitted via internet channels. Thanks to the book “Firing Squad” and interviews given by former chief death row warden Oleg Alkaev some light was shed on the executions carried out in the 1990s in the “Minsk remand #1” prison. And three animated films were released in 2013 under the umbrella of the campaign: “The Queue”, “Executioner”, and “Flight” (below).Campaign corrdinator Andrei Poluda notices the first positive changes in society: “For us, an excellent indicator of our work’s effectiveness is the recently growing interest among the media and society for the subject of capital punishment in our country. This interest generates serious debates and discussions. As we know, from the clash of opinions emerges the truth. And if this subject is discussed by citizens, our society matures gradually”.Such changes in society, illustrated by the results of the latest opinion poll, make abolitionists hopeful that Belarus may a move towards reconsidering the death penalty.You ask me what I would have changed in my life if they had set me free. I would have dedicated my life to my kids, my beloved wife and my parents, to my best friend who is like my brother… If I had weighed all pros and cons (but not regarding “money, me and my friends” as a basis), if I had only thought “what if…”, “what would happen to those whom I love and care”, I would definitely have not been here. That’s the point, in all these “what if”. Only I am to blame.Extract from the letter written by Andrey Zhuk, sentenced to death in 2009, to Irina Tolstik, one of the coordinators of the campaign Human Rights Defenders against the Death Penalty in Belarus. When he was writing the letter, the 26-year-old prisoner did not know that he would be executed within one month. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2134] => Array ( [objectID] => 4561 [title] => World Coalition members call for increased scrutiny of Iran [timestamp] => 1396224000 [date] => 31/03/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-members-call-for-increased-scrutiny-of-iran/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fc1527f77b5f23c7d3e84eba419dbd55_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The UN has renewed the mandate of its special rapporteur on Iran as a new IHR/ECPM annual report exposes rising execution numbers since increased engagement between President Rohani and the West. [texte] => According to the 2013 Annual report on the death penalty in Iran published by World Coalition member organisations Iran Human Rights (IHR) and Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM), most of last year’s 687 confirmed executions took place after the election of a new president seen as a reformer in June.“There is no doubt that the period after the election of Hassan Rohani has not seen an improvement in human rights,” said IHR’s founder and spokesman Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam. He stressed that death penalty use increased while the so-called 5+1 negotiations on Iran’s nuclear programme made progress at the international level. “Two thirds of executions happened after the election, while the West was improving its relations with Iran. Now no Western leader can travel to Iran without mentioning the death penalty,” he added.The report compiles official sources as well as tips on secret executions from informers in Iran to document detailed trends including the disproportionate use of the death penalty against drug traffickers, foreign nationals and ethnic minorities as well as the continued sentencing and execution of juvenile offenders.“The death penalty as a benchmark for the human rights situation in Iran”Following repeated calls by abolitionists, the UN Human Rights Council renewed the mandate of its special rapporteur on Iran, Ahmed Shaheed, on 28 March.ECPM executive director Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan described “the death penalty as a benchmark for the human rights situation in the Islamic republic of Iran and anywhere else” and the rapporteur as “a fundamental independent mechanism to monitor the situation of human rights in Iran”. He told a special meeting on Iran on the side of the Human Rights Council on 18 March 2014: “We urge the Iranian government to allow Ahmed Shaheed to visit Iran and its prisons in order to assess the situation of executions and sentences and to have more transparency.”IHR and ECPM launched the report at the UK House of Parliament on 11 March 2014 before a group of MPs, civil society activists and journalists from the UK and Iran, and visiting participants from as far away as Lebanon. “Making ourselves known to an audience interested in the death penalty and human rights in Iran is a first step towards collaborations with politicians and NGOs,” said Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam.The event gave him an opportunity to be interviewed by London-based media broadcasting to Iran. He said prior annual report launches had been good opportunities to create links with people interested in IHR’s detailed knowledge of death penalty issues in Iran. For example, the presentation of the 2009 report in collaboration with Amnesty International at the Italian Senate led to the creation of a local section of IHR in Italy.Collaboration between World Coalition membersFor the past three years, ECPM has partnered with IHR to help with the finalisation, publication and presentation of the report. “This collaboration is an example of how it can make our efforts more efficient,” said Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam. Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan said more international meetings were planned, including a presentation at the Swiss Parliament in June.While possibilities to act within Iran are limited, the World Coalition and its members have been active in international organisations to increase pressure on the Islamic Republic and its partners. Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam cited the example of anti-drug cooperation programmes under the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC): “They praised the Iranian authorities for seizing the highest amount of opium in the world, but they did not mention the hundreds of executions for drug trafficking. We say: it does not stop here.”Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan told the London meeting: “With the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, we have asked many European governments directly to stop supporting repression activities against drug trafficking in their cooperation with UNODC programs. The UK and Denmark have stopped part of their cooperation as a result” of lobbying action spearheaded by two other member organisations, Reprieve and Harm Reduction International.Another benefit of international activism on Iran is to expose lesser-known aspects of the death penalty in the country. The 18 March event was organised by Association for Human Rights in Kurdistan of Iran-Geneva (KMMK-G), a new World Coalition member, and it focused on discrimination in the administration of capital punishment.“Iran is a multi-ethnic country and the death penalty problems are even worse against ethnic minorities,” said Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam in reference to the Kurdish, Arab and Baloch communities of the Iranian periphery. “Traditionally, mainly events in the central of the country have received international attention, but we want to change that.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2135] => Array ( [objectID] => 4562 [title] => Iraq’s frantic executions pace linked to serious human rights violations [timestamp] => 1395878400 [date] => 27/03/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iraqs-frantic-executions-pace-linked-to-serious-human-rights-violations/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1aec62bab073be54f6b1b20c27260a96_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Iraq emerges as the country with the fastest-growing number of executions in Amnesty International’s new annual report on the death penalty. The World Coalition’s submission for Iraq’s upcoming UN human rights review calls for a moratorium on abusive executions. [texte] => Iraq’s 30% increase in execution numbers last year is the worst deterioration recorded anywhere by Amnesty International in its new global publication on Death sentences and executions in 2013.“The virtual killing sprees we saw in countries like Iran and Iraq were shameful. But those states who cling to the death penalty are on the wrong side of history and are, in fact, growing more and more isolated,” said Amnesty International’s Secretary General Salil Shetty.Although the number of countries that have abolished the death penalty in law for all crimes (98) grew again in 2013, Amnesty International’s data show that a small number of nations were responsible for a rise in verified execution numbers, from 682 in 2012 to 778 last year. This figure does not include the world’s leading executioner, China, where death penalty statistics are secret and execution numbers are believed to be declining.Iraq’s quick rise in the grim capital punishment league is accompanied by grave human rights violations documented in a joint submission to the United Nations’ Human Rights Council by the World Coalition and its members The Advocates for Human Rights and the Iraqi Coalition Against the Death Penalty.The Advocates have now filed the document in preparation for Iraq’s Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of human rights in October 2014.“Arbitrary deprivation of life”“This submission concludes that Iraq cannot guarantee its citizens adequate domestic and international guarantees against the arbitrary deprivation of life and therefore should abolish the death penalty,” its authors wrote.In addition to at least 170 people executed last year, the submission recorded more than 30 hangings in January 2014 and estimates that 1,580 prisoners are on death row – more than twice the official number.The death penalty process violates many provisions of Iraq’s own constitution and legislation: access to legal counsel is not guaranteed at all stages of the proceedings, with some capital trials reported to have lasted only minutes and confessions obtained under torture routinely used to sentence people to death. “For example, World Coalition members in Iraq allege that 30 people put to death in one week in November were tortured, and state that many cases are supported by medical documentation,” the submission reads.The obligation to have all execution warrants confirmed by presidential decree, too, has been overlooked for months: “The President of the Iraqi Republic has been absent from the country for several months and his Vice President is himself is out of the country and under sentence of death,” the submission notes.Unfair trails in terrorism casesIraq’s use of the death penalty since its reinstatement in 2004 has also violated international law as well as the country’s own commitment to respect minimum international human rights standards at its previous UPR in 2010.The scope of the death penalty has grown disproportionately, with most sentences imposed under the 2005 anti-terrorism law for offences as vague as “assisting terrorists”. Judges are under pressure from the executive branch of government and are forbidden by law to accept mitigating circumstances in certain terrorism cases. Such provisions and practices violate international standards on criminal proceedings and the obligation to reserve the death penalty for the most serious crimes.The World Coalition and its members noted discrimination against the Sunni minority in the application of capital punishment and “the dramatic increase in civilian deaths in Iraq even after the government executed more people”.They now call on the Iraqi authorities to impose a moratorium on executions, increase transparency on the application of the death penalty and bring it in line with international standards by ensuring access to legal counsel and reforming the 2005 anti-terrorism law. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq [1] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2136] => Array ( [objectID] => 4563 [title] => Amnesty International 2013 Annual Report [timestamp] => 1395878400 [date] => 27/03/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/amnesty-annual-2013-es-fa-ru/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/272765d42b305c01afd9f03183da650e_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2137] => Array ( [objectID] => 4564 [title] => China rejects all UN recommendations on death penalty use [timestamp] => 1395619200 [date] => 24/03/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/china-rejects-all-un-recommendations-on-death-penalty-use/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/bb47a9a415508c82ddc20cc949ea4c35_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => “China’s position is to retain the death penalty, but strictly and prudently limit its application according to law,” said the world’s top executioner after it rejected all 20 UPR recommendations to curb capital punishment. [texte] => In its addendum to its second report to the United Nations Universal Periodic Review of human rights (UPR), China wrote: “China has been making legal and systematic efforts to gradually reduce the application of death penalty. (...) China will continue its efforts in this regard according to its economic and social development.” During the adoption of the report , China said it rejected recommendations regarding the death penalty mainly because they were not practicable and at odds with realities in China.Unsurprisingly, China rejected the recommendations related to abolition, moratorium on execution, ratification of the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty and even reforms towards eventual abolition of the death penalty.On the question of greater transparency and publication of official statistics, it stated: “The statistics of death penalty and death penalty with reprieve is included in that of fixed-term imprisonment of more than five years and life imprisonment. There is no separate statistics on death penalty.” This would mean no statistics on executions exist, which is difficult to believe with the national Supreme People’s Court now automatically reviewing all death sentences in the country.Commitment to reduce capital offencesMore intriguing is the rejection of the recommendations on the reduction of the scope of capital offences in Chinese legislation, while the third plenary session of the Communist Party’s Central Committee decided in November 2013 to “gradually reduce the number of crimes punishable by death”.More recently, officials and scholars as well as members of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the National People's Congress said that a revision of criminal law has been included in the annual legislative program in 2014, which may lead to a reduction of the number of crimes that carry the death penalty this year.The UN Human Rights Council adopted the outcome of the Universal Periodic Review of China in Geneva on 21 March 2014, amidst outcry from civil society and UN member states following the death in custody of human rights defender Cao Shunli, who was detained since fall 2013 after attempting to travel to Geneva to attend the Human Rights Council.Photo: Chinese permanent representative to the UN office at Geneva Wu Hailong (UN Photo/Pierre-Michel Virot) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2138] => Array ( [objectID] => 4565 [title] => Top UN representatives take stance on death penalty at Human Rights Council [timestamp] => 1394755200 [date] => 14/03/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/top-un-representatives-take-stance-on-death-penalty-at-human-rights-council/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e06b0a806ff4ca66da044429dae11dcf_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => From UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to abolitionist and retentionist government ministers and World Coalition members, participants to a recent discussion on the death penalty placed the issue high on the international agenda. [texte] => In a video message to a high-level event on the death penalty at the 25th session of the Human Rights Council, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called on States that have not yet done so to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.“It is my sincere hope to see many instruments of ratification as we mark the Protocol’s 25th anniversary at the treaty event in New York later this year,” he told the participants in the 5 March, 2014 event in Geneva. “The taking of life is too irreversible for one human being to inflict it on another. Let us all do our utmost to put a final stop to this cruel and inhumane practice.”In her opening statement, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay summed up the reasons why we should aim for universal abolition and called “upon this Council to consider commissioning a comprehensive legal study to help facilitate the emergence of an international customary norm prohibiting the use of the death penalty under all circumstances”.“Dead wrong”The panellists shared their experience of steps taken in their countries to abolish the death penalty. Benin’s Justice and Human Rights Affairs Minister Valentin Djenontin-Agossou spoke about the history of death penalty abolition in Benin.Khadidja Roussi, co-ordinator of the Network of Moroccan Parliamentarians against the Death Penalty, encouraged other MPs from the Middle East and North Africa to join forces. Kirk Bloodsworth, director of advocacy at Witness to Innocence, shared his perspective as a victim of a wrongful conviction: “They were dead wrong, and let’s face it, I am not here because the system worked. I am here because a series of miracles led to my exoneration. Not every person wrongfully convicted of a capital crime is as blessed,” he said. A member of the World Coalition’s Steering Committee, Bloodsworth added: “If a great country cannot ensure that they won’t kill an innocent citizen, they should not kill at all. People in the world, do not let this happen again, thank you.”Asma Jahangir of the International Commission against the Death Penalty discussed the situation in Asia. She highlighted positive steps taken in Mongolia and Myanmar while regretting that the use of the death penalty is still very high in the region.Intense debateAn intense debate followed, in which many high-level representatives expressed their views. Namibia’s foreign affairs minister recalled that her country abolished the death penalty in 1990. The Brazilian minister in charge of human rights spoke about the UN General Assembly’s moratorium resolution.The World Coalition made a joint statement on the “unacceptable” number of death sentences imposed for drug offences with its members Harm Reduction International, Reprieve and Human Rights Watch.“Every international donor has pulled funding from the drug enforcement programme of the UN in Iran. Similar concerns have been raised around the so-called ‘triangular initiative’, a flagship programme of the UN involving Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran,” World Coalition Programme Director Aurélie Plaçais told the panel. “We are calling for much-needed funding to be redirected into other efforts in those countries that can do some good in relation to drugs – such as harm reduction.”Several other World Coalition member organisations gave statements. Amnesty International and FIDH welcomed steps towards abolition in several countries including the US and Singapore and encouraged UN efforts for a moratorium on executions, but they highlighted that this was not enough – as in the case of Nigeria, where executions have resumed.Penal Reform International denounced “cruel, inhuman or degrading” conditions on death row and called on governments to respect international standards in the treatment of people facing the death penalty.Retentionist countries defend national sovereigntyRetentionist country representatives also took the floor. While Sudan’s justice minister insisted on the deterrence argument, the deputy minister of foreign affairs of Sierra Leone said that although abolition is desired by every nation, it depends on the national context. The president of the Human Rights Commission of Saudi Arabia spoke about the rights of victims, safety of society and the right to sovereignty.Singapore’s representative insisted that the death penalty is a criminal justice system question, not a human rights issue. “The UN should not interfere with matters within the jurisdiction of the states” he added. “The issue of the death penalty is an issue that every state has the right to decide on.”Death penalty high on the UN agenda in 2014Several side events on the death penalty are taking place during the March session of the Human Rights Council:• 3 March: side event on the death penalty organised by the permanent mission of Argentine;• 11 March: side event on children of parents sentenced to death or executed: developments, good practices and next steps;• 18 March: event on Iran organised by the Association for Human Rights in Kurdistan of Iran-Geneva (KMMK-G) with UN Rapporteur on Iran Dr. Ahmed Shaheed, Nobel Peace Prize laureate Shirin Ebadi, Raphaël Cheneuil-Hazan of ECPM and Mahmood Moghadam-Amiry of Iran Human Rights.On 24 April, a panel discussion is organized by the Office of the Human Rights Commissioner in New York on the death penalty and discrimination.In June 2014, a side event to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty is planned at the Human Rights Council with the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, the International Commission against the Death Penalty and the World Coalition.In September 2014, the UN Treaty event will highlight the Protocol on the abolition the death penalty during in the first week of the UN General Assembly in New York.In December 2014, the UN General Assembly will vote on a new resolution for a universal moratorium on executions. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Benin [2] => Brazil [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Mongolia [5] => Morocco [6] => Myanmar [7] => Namibia [8] => Pakistan [9] => Saudi Arabia [10] => Sierra Leone [11] => Singapore [12] => Sudan [13] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2139] => Array ( [objectID] => 4566 [title] => New conservative voices crucial in New Hampshire repeal campaign [timestamp] => 1393372800 [date] => 26/02/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/new-conservative-voices-crucial-in-new-hampshire-repeal-campaign/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2a4634567687d367f59d56608dc73fba_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => After a House committee passed a bill abolishing capital punishment on 11 February, State representative Renny Cushing explains the next steps as the World Coalition’s Steering Committee prepares to meet in New Hampshire in April. [texte] => Renny Cushing’s own father was murderd in 1988 and he is the executive director of Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights, a long-standing World Coalition member organization. Now a member of his State’s legislature, he is the prime sponsor of the bill on “repealing the death penalty in New Hampshire” introduced last year.Worldcoalition.org: What is the current status of the bill in the legislative process?We first had a public hearing in January, which was incredibly well attended: 160 witnesses came forward, most of whom did not have time to speak. They included families of murder victims, two former State attorneys general who had previously supported the death penalty, law enforcement officials – a lot of people who have changed their position on this issue.Two weeks ago, the House’s Criminal Justice and Public Works Committee voted 14-3 in favour of the bill. This included the Democratic Majority Leader Steve Shurtleff, a former US Marshall who used to support the death penalty, and the chair of the committee, Laura Pantelakos. She is the oldest serving member of the house and has always supported capital punishment, but her son, a police officer, was killed on the job three years ago. When she saw that a white man convicted of murdering a policeman was sent to prison for life while a black man in a similar case received the death penalty, she realised there was no racial fairness in the system. She has now voted in favour of the repeal.The majority of committee members in both main parties supported the bill (8-1 among Democrats and 6-2 among Republicans). This reflects the most broadly-based sponsorship of a repeal bill has ever had in the US: the 71 sponsors include three family members of murder victims, a member of the Tea Party, gun rights advocates, a former judge who chairs the Republican minority…What are the next steps for this bill?The vote on the floor of the House of Representatives is tentatively scheduled for 12 March. I’m saying this carefully but I’m pretty confident that we will have the votes. Then we will move to the Senate, with the same process: a public hearing, a vote in the Senate’s Judiciary Committee and a plenary vote. Some senators who sponsored the bill are on the Committee.[14 March 2014 update: The House passed the bill on 12 March. The bill is now moving to the senate.]While the New Hampshire House has a Democratic majority, the Senate is dominated by Republicans. How are you working to prepare them for the vote?There are conversations with senators taking place now. We’re trying to understand their concerns. Some are worried that we might let criminals get out of jail, and the default penalty of life without parole is an answer to that concern. The opposition to the repeal used to be in the law enforcement community, but so many of its members are moving in our direction that this is changing. Murder victims’ family members speaking in favour of the repeal have also had a strong impact. All those who changed their position mentioned that to me. Cost is also an issue, at a time when we have so little money for victims service. Around 120 murder cases remain unsolved! This is a way of having a conversation about what victims really need, as opposed to ritual killing.Is there a grassroots movement to support your efforts?The New Hampshire Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty has been organising citizens to speak against capital punishment and contact their representatives. There is a constant schedule of public events. Faith communities have mobilised across the state, there is a sense of momentum building around public education. The death penalty is now a topic of conversation and the more people hear about it, the less they like it. Cases of innocence, for example, move people deeply.The World Coalition is holding its next Steering Committee meeting in New Hampshire in April, with abolitionists from across the world gathering in the State capital Concord. How can the global abolitionist movement help you?We will try to make people here realise that this is not only about the State of New Hampshire. We’re not talking about building a bridge: this is the vote of a lifetime, for an important historic policy. The first call on the legislature to repeal the death penalty was from the “anti-gallows movement” in 1834. This is the end run. I think the World Coalition visit will help in the background, as a reminder that human rights do not stop at the borders of our State. And anybody around the world who knows someone in New Hampshire: contact them about the repeal!Yet it seems that your campaign has a lot to do with convincing people on the conservative side of politics – could undue pressure from traditional abolitionists, such as Europeans or liberals, undermine your cause?This debate must be respectful, and sometimes you need to give people space to change their mind. They may feel they cannot do so if you disagree with their own social agenda. For us, it has been a process of listening, and we have formed the most unlikely alliance of opponents to the death penalty: pro-life Catholics with pro-choice groups, opponents of gun control with gun safety advocates, fiscal conservatives who reject the death penalty as a failed policy costing taxpayers’ money… Conservative voices have been very important. There is a libertarian discourse here that says: we don’t trust the government with taking too much in tax or taking away our guns – why would we trust them with killing people?Defence attorneys and academics put people to sleep – not because what they say is not interesting, but when a former attorney general who sought the death penalty in hundreds of cases and asked for its extension in the legislature change their mind, this is the real thing.New Hampshire is a “purple State” – divided between Democrats and Republicans – and this is the first completely bi-partisan repeal legislation in terms of prime sponsors. It was a conscious decision and I think it can be replicated elsewhere. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2140] => Array ( [objectID] => 4567 [title] => National conference gives Lebanese abolitionist movement a boost [timestamp] => 1392336000 [date] => 14/02/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/national-conference-gives-lebanese-abolitionist-movement-a-boost/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e22d75ed1249a31ccef425733a1b3122_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Several hundred activists, experts and political leaders met in Beirut at the end of January to push the abolitionist cause with the Lebanese authorities and organise their movement at the national level. [texte] => The Lebanese Association for Civil Rights (LACR), a World Coalition member organisation, organised a national conference against the death penalty on 24 and 25 January at the Lawyers’ House in Beirut. More than 250 people took part in the event, which was organised in partnership with Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) and the Beirut Bar.ECPM executive director and World Coalition Vice-President Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan remarked that Lebanon became de facto abolitionist a few days before the conference, as it is now more than ten years since the last execution there on 20 January 2004. He called on Lebanese leaders to follow the global trend towards abolition and take concrete steps this year.Justice Minister Chakib Cortbawi made a firm commitment never to sign an execution warrant because “you cannot kill someone in the name of society”, as this would mean “there is no difference between us and the murderer”.However, he highlighted the difficulty in having an open debate on abolition because of the violence suffered by Lebanon’s population. Attacks linked to tensions between religious communities across the Middle East target the country nearly every week.Georges Joureij, president of the Beirut Bar, Walid Salibi, the founder of the National Campaign Against the Death Penalty, and European diplomats addressed the conference too.Former Justice Minister Ibrahim Najjar, now a member of the International Commission Against the Death Penalty, said that centrist parliamentarians who favour abolition could form a majority. However, he acknowledged that the death penalty would “not be abolished any time soon in Lebanon because of political, religious and legal considerations”.Preserving the moratoriumIn the short term, the priority is therefore to strengthen the moratorium on the use of capital punishment. “Nobody wants to see executions, this is what we must preserve,” said Anne Souléliac, who is in charge of international human rights issues at the Paris Bar.The National Campaign Against the Death Penalty will also revive its efforts to influence Lebanese society. Its 77 member organisations have adopted a new structure and will welcome new members to widen their advocacy reach.Attorneys, who took a significant part in the conference, are among the first Lebanese to organise against the death penalty. Anne Souléliac co-chaired a training session presenting them key aspects of the best practices manual on the defence of clients facing the death penalty. English and French versions were circulated on USB drives, pending the publication of an Arabic version later this year.“We touched on sections of the manual that are relevant in Lebanon through a dialogue with Hasna Abdul Reda, a young Lebanese lawyer who illustrated them with local examples,” she said. A discussion on the defence of vulnerable defendants such as foreign nationals raised the issue of translation, which is not covered by Lebanese legal aid. “Hasna Abdul Reda talked about the assistance she obtained from consulates such as those of Ethiopia or Banglagesh so that she could hire interpreters and have them registered in the local courts,” Souléliac said. Participating lawyers also discussed the use of medical records to introduce mitigating evidence.Another practical workshop offered educators tips on teaching the abolition of the death penalty in schools. An educational network and a legal network against the death penalty were launched to pursue the work initiated during the workshops.Strong testimonies peppered the conference, including the music version of a poem written by a death row prisoner in Roumieh prison and sung by LACR. Young people accompanied the performance by launching kites representing people sentenced to death into the conference hall.The conference ended with an appeal to Lebanese politicians to continue existing initiatives against the death penalty in the country and act to implement international conventions adopted by Lebanon into national law.The appeal also calls on judges to use as much discretion as the law allows to avoid handing down death sentences.The conference takes place every two to three years and was funded by the European Union and Sweden funded the event.Read the conference's final appeal (in French) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2141] => Array ( [objectID] => 4568 [title] => Indian ruling highlights importance of next World Day [timestamp] => 1391385600 [date] => 03/02/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/indian-ruling-highlights-importance-of-next-world-day/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cac3e51b6c9157475bb42950d96bfab0_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => On 21 January, India’s Supreme Court formally banned the execution of mentally ill prisoners and in doing so highlighted why this year’s World Day against the Death Penalty, which is dedicated to issues of mental health, is so important. [texte] => The Court (pictured) ruled in favour of two prisoners who petitioned for a commutation of their death sentences to life imprisonment, claiming “the unconscionably long delay in deciding the mercy petition has caused the onset of chronic psychotic illness”.It acknowledged the “unbearable mental agony after confirmation of death sentence” and added that in some cases “death-row prisoners lost their mental balance on account of prolonged anxiety and suffering experienced on death row”.“The march of civilisation”Worldcoalition.org spoke to lead counsel for the petitioners, Yug Chaudhry, who affirmed that the physical conditions on death row in India exacerbate the prisoners’ emotional distress (also know as death row phenomenon).According to the Death Penalty Worldwide database, the conditions on death row in India are “harsh and life-threatening”. Prisoners on death row in Tihar Jail, Delhi, are “kept in solitary confinement in high-security cells no larger than 10 sq. feet.” High rates of suicide are also reported in Indian prisons.“The judgement is a tribute to the independence of the judiciary, constitutional values and the evolving standards of decency which characterises the march of civilization,” said ChaudhryHe added: “Very few nations still execute prisoners who are mentally ill. India has not executed a mentally ill prisoner for more than 30 years. But the formal ban on doing so was handed down for the first time in this verdict. I think it will influence other countries, especially because among the retentionist countries, India is the most populous, among the biggest geographically, and looms large in Asia.”Japan is one of the countries with the most serious cases of mental illness on death row, and it will be one at the heart of this year’s World Day Against the Death Penalty.On 10 October, 2014, abolitionists around the world will highlight the links between capital punishment and mental disorders – and progress made in those countries that have made efforts to break them.“Well-established canons of human rights”In coming to its position, the Indian Supreme Court referred to the “well-established canons of human rights”, which prohibit the execution of the mentally ill.“The directions of the United Nations International Conventions, of which India is a party, clearly show that insanity/mental illness/schizophrenia is a crucial supervening circumstance, which should be considered by this Court in deciding whether in the facts and circumstances of the case death sentence could be commuted to life imprisonment,” it remarked.The ruling mentioned Resolution 2000/65 of the United Nations’ Human Rights Commission, which urges “all States that still maintain the death penalty... not to impose the death penalty on a person suffering from any form of mental disorder or to execute any such person”.At the end of the judgement the Court listed guidelines to safeguard the interest of the death row convicts. Number 8 requires there to be “regular mental health evaluation(s) of all death row convicts and appropriate medical care should be given to those in need”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Intellectual Disability [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2142] => Array ( [objectID] => 4569 [title] => Tunisian Constitution enshrines right to life but upholds death penalty [timestamp] => 1390867200 [date] => 28/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/tunisian-constitution-enshrines-right-to-life-but-upholds-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0be04380d8d0a7cb9c7dff34df9a0d0b_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => After weeks of debates, Tunisia has adopted a new Constitution. As expected by local abolitionists, the National Constituent Assembly (NCA) passed a text allowing capital punishment on 26 January 2014. [texte] => Despite efforts by abolitionists to lobby the members of the NCA and a petition by 70 parliamentarians to add an article abolishing capital punishment, Tunisia’s new Constitution allows the use of the death penalty.Mohamed Habib Marsit, who chairs the Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty, is not surprised: “We had no illusions regarding the balance of forces,” he told Worldcoalition.org.The three parties forming the NCA’s ruling majority – Ennahda, CPR and Ettakatol – have consistently advocated that Tunisian society is not ready to abolish the death penalty. They relied on what Marsit described as “a literal and restrictive reading of the Koran”.Yet the Constitution states in article 21: “The right to life is sacred.” Nicolas Braye is in charge of North Africa and the Middle East at Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM, a World Coalition member organization) and took part in a recent educational campaign in Tunisia. “Enshrining the right to life is a step forward as far as the death penalty issue across the Arab World is concerned,” he said.The Constitution allows exceptions to the right to life in the second part of article 21: “No one can violate it, except in extreme cases set by law.” The introduction of such exceptions means the death penalty can still be used in Tunisia.Abolitionist progress and actions on the groundAbolitionists are not giving up and they underline the considerable progress achieved in Tunisia on the death penalty: there has been no execution since 1991, the country voted in favour of the UN resolution for a global moratorium on executions in 2012 and President Moncef Marzouki has commuted existing death sentences to life in prison.The message sent out by the Tunisian State is important because it could inspire others. “We hope the official position of the Tunisian presidency will become an example for other countries in the region,” said Nicolas Braye.Action continues on the ground, too. Braye and Marsit took part in a speaking tour with the Arab Institute for Human Rights between 12-17 January, visiting four of Tunisia’s seven pilot Human Rights Clubs in Tataouine, Kasserine, Tozeur and Sfax. They met more than 120 secondary school students.Their job was to explain how much progress abolitionist countries and activists had achieved across the world – but they say the tour’s highlight was the testimony of former Moroccan death row prisoner Ahmed Haou.“He was able to touch the students both emotionally and rationally,” said Morsit, adding that Haou’s story had an immediate educational effect on his audience. This successful experiment may be extended to other clubs in the North and Centre of Tunisia, “and possibly to mosques”, said Marsit, who is eager to promote abolitionist values as widely as possible in the population.The Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty is planning to create local branches to develop such actions, and Braye insisted on the need to support the Arab Institute for Human Rights in its efforts to create educational tools on the abolition of capital punishment.Photo: Samir Abdelmoumen/Wikimedia Commons [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2143] => Array ( [objectID] => 4570 [title] => Mexico fights on after Texas illegally executes one of its nationals [timestamp] => 1390435200 [date] => 23/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mexico-fights-on-after-texas-illegally-executes-one-of-its-nationals/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/481d407943d3fc3b70e8aa601d4b425b_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The execution of Edgar Tamayo in violation of an international court order spurs Mexico to pursue its efforts in favour of consular rights in the US, a diplomat says. [texte] => Edgar Tamayo Arias received a lethal injection in Texas on January 22 after the US Supreme Court rejected last-minute appeals citing his mental health and violations of his consular rights while he was being prosecuted.The Mexican authorities were not notified of Tamayo’s arrest as he stood accused of murdering a policeman in Houston 20 years ago. In 2004, the International Court Justice (ICJ) ruled that the US violated the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations in his and other cases known as “Avena and 50 other Mexican nationals”.Although the US federal government has committed to implementing the Avena decision ever since, legislation has yet to be passed to improve consular notification and individual states have maintained some of the death sentences overturned by the ICJ.The Mexican embassy to the US’s legal counselor Víctor Uribe explains how his country (which abolished the death penalty in 2005) is responding to cases such as Tamayo’s.What action will the Mexican authorities take following the execution of Edgar Tamayo?No further action will be taken about this case after the execution, but Mr Tamayo is not the only Mexican national facing the death penalty whose rights to consular assistance have been violated by US authorities.We are now focusing on other cases: the decision of ICJ in the Avena case involved 51 Mexican nationals, three have been executed and others have left death row, but many remain. Unfortunately we have found out that another Mexican has received an execution date for April 9.What are the avenues you can pursue in those cases?The intervention of Mexico is solely based on the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. In another case, the US Supreme Court ruled that the Avena decision was not binding on individual States. We are therefore seeking compliance by supporting legislation to be passed in the US Congress to implement the Avena decision by law.Do you have friends on this issue among US authorities?Nobody disputes the fact that the US has to comply with the ICJ’s ruling, including the Obama administration. Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont has been supporting this view and introduced a bill on consular certification compliance in 2011, but it didn’t pass. There have been other attempts in the past two years to attach legislative language on this issue to other bills. We have contacts with their supporters in Congress and in the administration, send letters, hold meetings with key senators and congressmen to explain how important this is to Mexico and to ensure the protection of US nationals abroad in return.What difference can timely consular notification make in capital cases?We are very efficient. Mr Tamayo was convicted of the murder of a policeman in Harris County, which passes the highest number of death sentences in the US. We were notified of his case just one week before his trial and his attorney spent just 16 hours preparing his defence instead of the hundreds of hours you would expect in such a case.In a separate case, another Mexican national was also accused of killing a policeman in Harris County. The Mexican authorities were notified well in advance and were able to appoint lawyers and psychiatrists, to gather evidence of his medical history in Mexico and to fly in witnesses from there. That person received a life sentence. Consular assistance is a matter of life and death.You attended the World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Madrid last year to present your action to the wider abolitionist movement. What can those who oppose the death penalty around the world do to help you?They can support the efforts of many organisations that send letters and voice their opposition to the execution of people whose rights have not been respected. This is about respecting the rule of law: a court decision has not been respected. Any citizen in the world can protest against that. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mexico [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2144] => Array ( [objectID] => 4571 [title] => Caribbean network fleshes out plans for abolition [timestamp] => 1389830400 [date] => 16/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/caribbean-network-fleshes-out-plans-for-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7fd69c194f81906a0698d91fabb4fba2_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The Executive Committee of the Greater Caribbean for Life (GCL) network, constituted in October 2013, met in San Juan, Puerto Rico on January 11 and 12 to devise strategies to combat the death penalty in the region. [texte] => A media release following the meeting reaffirms that the “ultimate goal of the GCL is to achieve the permanent abolition of the death penalty in each and every country of the Greater Caribbean as well as the creation of a culture of respect for the human right to life and the inherent dignity of all human beings”.Targeting the English-speaking CaribbeanGCL chair Leela Ramdeen told Worldcoalition.org that the network will focus on the English-speaking countries in the Caribbean.Ramdeen said the network will encourage those countries “to at least abstain” during the next UN vote on a moratorium on the death penalty in December 2014. The text of the previous moratorium resolution calls on States that maintain the death penalty to establish a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with a view to abolition.The majority of English-speaking countries in the Caribbean have voted against the four previous resolutions. Some even signed a note verbale of disassociation claiming that the death penalty is a domestic criminal justice issue rather than a human rights issue and that there is no clear consensus on the issue of the death penalty.Whilst the Executive Committee will be doing its best to persuade the region of the merits of a moratorium, it is aware that it will be difficult to do so.“We know that it is unrealistic to think that we will abolish the death penalty within the English-speaking Caribbean region in the near future,” Ramdeen said.She added: “After the GCL was constituted, Chiara Sangiorgio from Amnesty International, Nicole Sylvester and I from GCL met Trinidad and Tobago's Attorney General who made it clear to us that the Attorney Generals in the English-speaking Caribbean had met and agreed that their countries will not sign the moratorium.”Ridding the region of the “scandalous” mandatory death penaltyThe GCL network is also seeking “to encourage Trinidad and Tobago, and Barbados to remove the mandatory death penalty” as they are the only remaining countries with the “scandalous” punishment according to Ramdeen.She observed that in her home country of Trinidad and Tobago, “we (are) hanging on to the death penalty without looking at the root causes for crime and identifying strategies that will really help and move our country forward”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2145] => Array ( [objectID] => 4572 [title] => West African governments and civil society discuss death penalty in Freetown [timestamp] => 1389830400 [date] => 16/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/west-african-governments-and-civil-society-discuss-death-penalty-in-freetown/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b8ea1d90ff2d229a0a4cda4d779a5cfc_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Hands Off Cain organised a conference on the abolition and moratorium of the death penalty in West Africa on January 13 and 14, in partnership with the government of Sierra Leone and with support from the World Coalition, the European Union and FIACAT. [texte] => From the first day, opening speeches by Abdul Rahim Kamara, director of the NGO Manifesto 99, and Hands Off Cain Treasurer Elisabetta Zamparutti conveyed a message of tolerance and non-violence as an alternative to the retributive and violent logic inherent in the death penalty.Charles Caulker, chairman of Sierra Leone’s National Council of Paramount Chiefs, said that “the pre-colonial African traditions do not provide for the death penalty”, which “expresses pessimism about the human being”. Yet people can change, as Benin President Thomas Boni Yayi said in his message to the conference.In her statement, Italian Foreign Affairs Minister Emma Bonino said that we must strengthen the UN resolution for a moratorium on executions at the 2014 General Assembly and “break free from the colonial legacy of the death penalty”.The ministers of foreign affairs and justice of Sierra Leone, Samura Kamara and Frank Kargbo conveyed the salutations of President Ernest Bai Koroma and reiterated their commitment to abolition, starting with the current constitutional review process.British MP Mark Pritchard (Parliamentarians for Global Action) told the conference of his proposal for “a global parliamentary platform against the death penalty”.The session “The death penalty and the rule of law” was coordinated by Italian Senator Marco Perduca, vice president of the Radical Party and member of the board of Hands Off Cain.Successes and setbacksIt featured Benin’s Foreign Affairs Minister Nassirou Bako Arifari, Nigerien historic abolitionist and Justice Minister Marou Amadou, Rwandan Deputy Justice Minister Pascal Bizima Rugnanintwali, and representatives of the ministries of justice of Mali and Togo, who shared their experiences of success or setbacks in a common path towards abolition of the death penalty.In the session “The death penalty and public opinion”, the World Coalition’s director Maria Donatelli joined parliamentarians and NGO representatives from Liberia, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali, Guinea and Ghana.Two other sessions chaired Sierra Leone's ambassador to the UN, Alieu Kanu, and American law professor Speedy Rice, discussed the local constitutional review process and the prospects for adopting the Draft Additional Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights regarding the abolition of the Death Penalty.After two days of intense work, the Freetown conference adopted a Final Declaration in which delegates and participants asked all African States to finalise the Additional Protocol.The participants also called on the States to bring domestic legislation in line with the principles of this new Additional Protocol, and to foster principles of restorative justice that take into account the experience of victims and pursue peaceful national reconciliations.They further urged the States to co-sponsor and support the resolution calling for a worldwide moratorium on executions at the 2014 UN General Assembly, and to convene another continental conference to prepare for that before the UN vote, possibly in Benin. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Guinea [2] => Guyana [3] => Italy [4] => Mali [5] => Niger [6] => Rwanda [7] => Sierra Leone [8] => Sierra Leone [9] => Togo [10] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2146] => Array ( [objectID] => 5741 [title] => The Role of Race in Washington State Capital Sentencing, 1981-2014 [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-role-of-race-in-washington-state-capital-sentencing-1981-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report assesses whether race influences the administration of capital punishment in Washington State, and if so, where in the process it matters. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/WashRaceStudy2014.pdf ) [2147] => Array ( [objectID] => 5814 [title] => Juan Melendez-6446 [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/juan-melendez-6446/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This educational guide accompany the documentary Juan Melendez 6446. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://observatoriocorreccionalpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Death-Penalty-Guide.pdf ) [2148] => Array ( [objectID] => 5815 [title] => Juan Melendez-6446 [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/juan-melendez-6446-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Juan Melendez-6446 portrays the story of a New York born Puerto Rican immigrant who was accused of murder in the state of Florida, a crime he did not commit. Juan Melendez was sentenced to death in a trial that only lasted 5 days. He was on death row for 17 years, 8 months and 1 day, until his exoneration on January 3, 2002. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDleJP8vjwE ) [2149] => Array ( [objectID] => 5886 [title] => Inside Death Row with Trevor McDonald Part 2 [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/inside-death-row-with-trevor-mcdonald-part-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVkRYMvYcWI&t=1505s ) [2150] => Array ( [objectID] => 5887 [title] => Inside Death Row with Trevor McDonald Part 1 [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/inside-death-row-with-trevor-mcdonald-part-1/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omuq4yZLKek ) [2151] => Array ( [objectID] => 5952 [title] => Victim Gender and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/victim-gender-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Do the characteristics of the victim determine a murderer’s punishment?Theory and research both suggest that they do. This Article focuses on thegender of the murder victim, in particular, how victim gender influences deathseeking and death penalty sentencing decisions. First, the Article reviews theexisting evidence supporting a “female victim effect” which theorizes that crimesinvolving female victims are punished more harshly than crimes with malevictims. It also presents and assesses various theoretical explanations for thefemale victim effect. Second, the Article analyzes cases from a comprehensivedataset of Delaware capital trials, exploring how cases with male and femalevictims differ. It then considers which of the theoretical explanations for afemale victim effect best explain death penalty decisions in this sample of cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2425&context=facpub ) [2152] => Array ( [objectID] => 6091 [title] => The last executioner [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-last-executioner/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Inspired by true event, The last executioner is the story of Chavoret Jaruboon, the last person in Thailand whose job was to execute by gun. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.thelastexecutioner.com/ ) [2153] => Array ( [objectID] => 6100 [title] => Iran: The use of the death penalty for drug-related offences as a tool of political control [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iran-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-for-drug-related-offences-as-a-tool-of-political-control/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Iranian authorities use the drug issue to enforce their rule and repress ethnic nationalities and members of opposition groups. Whenever it faces escalating crises, internally or externally, new and harsher laws against drugs and addicts are adopted and public hangings of members of ethnic nationalities increase dramatically. The following periods of hangings and drug laws illustrate this policy. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.ihrr.org/ihrr_article/un-en_iran-the-use-of-the-death-penalty-for-drug-related-offences-as-a-tool-of-political-control/ ) [2154] => Array ( [objectID] => 6112 [title] => ARBITRARINESS: Getting a Death Sentence May Depend on the Budget of the County [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/arbitrariness-getting-a-death-sentence-may-depend-on-the-budget-of-the-county/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Whether the death penalty will be sought in a murder may depend more on the budget of the county in which it is committed than on the severity of the crime, according to several prosecutors. A report by the Marshall Project found that the high costs of capital cases prevent some district attorneys from seeking the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/5990 ) [2155] => Array ( [objectID] => 6113 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2014 : Year End Report [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2014-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On December 18, DPIC released its annual report on the latest developments in capital punishment, "The Death Penalty in 2014: Year End Report." In 2014, 35 people were executed, the fewest in 20 years. Death sentences dropped to their lowest level in the modern era of the death penalty, with 72 people sentenced to death, the smallest number in 40 years. Just seven states carried out executions, and three states (Texas, Missouri, and Florida) accounted for 80% of the executions. The number of states carrying out executions was the lowest in 25 years. Seven people were exonerated from death row this year, including three men in Ohio, who were cleared of all charges 39 years after their convictions, the longest time among all death row exonerees. There have now been 150 people exonerated from death row since 1973. “The relevancy of the death penalty in our criminal justice system is seriously in question when 43 out of our 50 states do not apply the ultimate sanction,” said Richard Dieter, DPIC’s Executive Director and the author of the report. “The U.S. will likely continue with some executions in the years ahead, but the rationale for such sporadic use is far from clear.” [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/YearEnd2014 ) [2156] => Array ( [objectID] => 6116 [title] => Central African Republic : Seventeenth Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/central-african-republic-seventeenth-session-of-the-working-group-on-the-universal-periodic-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This submission addresses the Central African Republic’s compliance with its humanrights obligations with regard to its use of the death penalty. This submission concludesthat although the Central African Republic (CAR) should be given great credit for takingimportant steps towards abolition of the death penalty, including supporting the 2012U.N. General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty, manyhurdles remain in terms of ensuring that the citizens of CAR are afforded adequatedomestic and international guarantees against the arbitrary deprivation of life. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Central African Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/central_african_republic_hrc_death_penalty_october_2013.pdf ) [2157] => Array ( [objectID] => 6117 [title] => Iran : 20 th Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iran-20-th-session-of-the-working-group-on-the-universal-periodic-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Thisreport examines the imposition of the death penalty in Iran in light of international human rightsstandards.This report will also examine and discuss the judicial process applied in casesinvolving punishment by the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/iran_hrc_death_penalty_octobernovember_2014.pdf ) [2158] => Array ( [objectID] => 6118 [title] => Iraq : Twentieth Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iraq-twentieth-session-of-the-working-group-on-the-universal-periodic-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This submission addresses Iraq’s compliance with its human rights obligations withregard to its use of the death penalty. This submission concludes that Iraq cannotguarantee its citizens adequate domestic and international guarantees against the arbitrarydeprivation of life and therefore should abolish the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/iraq_hrc_death_penalty_octobernovember_2014.pdf ) [2159] => Array ( [objectID] => 6119 [title] => Japan : 111 th Session of the Human Rights Committee [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japan-111-th-session-of-the-human-rights-committee/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report examinesprison conditionsandthe imposition of the death penalty in Japan in light of international human rights standards. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/japan_-_human_rights_committee_prison_conditions_and_death_penalty_-_july_2014.pdf ) [2160] => Array ( [objectID] => 6120 [title] => Malawi : 22nd Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/malawi-22nd-session-of-the-working-group-on-the-universal-periodic-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This submission informs on Malawi’s international human rights obligations with regard to its use of the death penalty.This report will also examine and discussthe judicial process applied in cases involving punishment by the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/malawi_hrc_death_penalty_2014.pdf ) [2161] => Array ( [objectID] => 6123 [title] => Black is the Day, Black is the Night [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/black-is-the-day-black-is-the-night/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Black is the Day, Black is the Night is conceptual exploration into the many facets of human identity using notions of time, accumulation, memory and distance through personal correspondence with men serving life and death row sentences in some of the most maximum security prisons in the U.S., all of which had served between 13-26 years at point of contact. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.amyelkins.com/black-is-the-day-black-is-the-night#/id/i7518518 ) [2162] => Array ( [objectID] => 6124 [title] => Parting Words [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/parting-words/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Parting Words, a visual photographic archive of the 500+ prisoners to date executed in the state of Texas. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.amyelkins.com/parting-words ) [2163] => Array ( [objectID] => 6128 [title] => 10 Steps to Writing a UPR Stakeholder Report [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/10-steps-to-writing-a-upr-stakeholder-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This four-page document proposes a roadmap for organisations interested in submitting reports to the United Nations' Universal Periodic Review of Human Rights. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://theadvocatespost.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/10-steps-upr-stakeholder-handout-21.pdf ) [2164] => Array ( [objectID] => 6131 [title] => Stakeholder Submission to the United Nations Universal Periodic Review on the United States [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/stakeholder-submission-to-the-united-nations-universal-periodic-review-on-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This submission addresses the United States’ compliance with its human rights obligations with regard to its use of the death penalty. This submission concludes that the United States, in continuing to allow a sentence of death, does not guarantee its citizens adequate protection against cruel and unusual punishment, freedom from discrimination, rights to life, liberty and security of person, due process, and equal protection. It also is failing to provide an adequate remedy for those whose rights are violated. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/us_hrc_death_penalty_2014.pdf ) [2165] => Array ( [objectID] => 6132 [title] => Written Statement to the 22nd Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review on Malawi [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/written-statement-to-the-22nd-session-of-the-working-group-on-the-universal-periodic-review-on-malawi/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This submission informs on Malawi’s international human rights obligations with regard to its use of the death penalty. This report will also examine and discuss the judicial process applied in cases involving punishment by the death penalty. Reports and commentary indicate that there is a serious problem of prison conditions and access to justice for the vast majority of individuals accused of crimes for which the death penalty is a possible punishment. This report has been compiled from a combination of sources, including the Malawi Penal Code, experts, news reports, non-governmental organizations, and other commentary. Further, this report makes recommendations that steps be taken to alleviate such conditions. These steps include both reducing the maximum possible sentence from death to one that is fair, proportionate and respects international human rights standards, complete abolition of capital punishment, universal access to adequate legal representation and provision of clean, safe, and appropriate prison conditions as well as regular monitoring. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/malawi_hrc_death_penalty_2014.pdf ) [2166] => Array ( [objectID] => 6141 [title] => The Death Penalty in Africa : The Path Towards Abolition [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-africa-the-path-towards-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Human development is not simply about wealth and economic well-being, it is also dependent upon shared values that cherish the sanctity of human life. Using comparative methods, archival research and quantitative findings, this book explores the historical and cultural background of the death penalty in Africa, analysing the law and practice of the death penalty under European and Asian laws in Africa before independence. Showing progressive attitudes to punishment rooted in both traditional and modern concepts of human dignity, Aimé Muyoboke Karimunda assesses the ground on which the death penalty is retained today. Providing a full and balanced appraisal of the arguments, the book presents a clear and compelling case for the total abolition of the death penalty throughout Africa. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781472415349 ) [2167] => Array ( [objectID] => 6143 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2014: infographic [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2014-infographic/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => DPIC's 2014 Year-End Report. Death sentences were at a 40-year low and executions were at a 20-year low. Texas, Missouri, and Florida accounted for 80% of all the executions in the United States. There were 7 exonerations this year and it took an average of 30 years to discover their innocence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/images/infographic141216.gif ) [2168] => Array ( [objectID] => 6144 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2014: video summary [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2014-video-summary/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => DPIC's 2014 Year-End Report. Death sentences were at a 40-year low and executions were at a 20-year low. Texas, Missouri, and Florida accounted for 80% of all the executions in the United States. There were 7 exonerations this year and it took an average of 30 years to discover their innocence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P84xZcubHco ) [2169] => Array ( [objectID] => 6145 [title] => THE DEATH PENALTY IN 2014: YEAR END REPORT [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2014-year-end-report-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => With 35 executions this year, 2014 marks the fewest people put to death since 1994, according to this report by the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC). The 72 new death sentences in 2014 is the lowest number in the modern era of the death penalty, dating back to 1974. Executions and sentences have steadily decreased, as Americans have grown more skeptical of capital punishment. The states’ problems with lethal injections also contributed to the drop in executions this year.Death sentences—a more current barometer than executions—have declined by 77% since 1996, when there were 315. There were 79 death sentences last year. This is the fourth year in a row that there have been fewer than 100 death sentences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/2014YrEnd.pdf ) [2170] => Array ( [objectID] => 6146 [title] => Parliamentarians and the abolition of the death penalty – a resource [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/parliamentarians-and-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-a-resource/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This resource is for parliamentarians around the globe, currently working or thinking of working for the abolition of the death penalty. It is intended to provide some of the key arguments for abolition based on a series of case studies, showing how abolition has been achieved and is being achieved around the world. The resource also sets out the mini steps that can be taken toward abolition and some information on the development of parliamentary networks and there are a list of contacts where parliamentarians can find information and support. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/parliamentarian_-EN_en_ligne-1.pdf ) [2171] => Array ( [objectID] => 6149 [title] => Pictures at an execution: The condemned in art [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pictures-at-an-execution-the-condemned-in-art/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article discusses a new art exhibition in Los Angeles which aims to humanise condemned prisoners. It continues to situate the exhibition in the greater context of the depiction of the death penalty in art history. The conversation this article raises is the link the death penalty in art history has with creating a public discussion. From the sword to the electric chair, the death penalty has inspired challenging art, writes Jason Farago. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20141014-pictures-at-an-execution ) [2172] => Array ( [objectID] => 6157 [title] => The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-a-worldwide-perspective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The fifth edition of this highly praised study charts and explains the progress that continues to be made towards the goal of worldwide abolition of the death penalty. The majority of nations have now abolished the death penalty and the number of executions has dropped in almost all countries where abolition has not yet taken place. Emphasising the impact of international human rights principles and evidence of abuse, the authors examine how this has fuelled challenges to the death penalty and they analyse and appraise the likely obstacles, political and cultural, to further abolition. They discuss the cruel realities of the death penalty and the failure of international standards always to ensure fair trials and to avoid arbitrariness, discrimination and conviction of the innocent: all violations of the right to life. They provide further evidence of the lack of a general deterrent effect; shed new light on the influence and limits of public opinion; and argue that substituting for the death penalty life imprisonment without parole raises many similar human rights concerns. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780198701743.do ) [2173] => Array ( [objectID] => 6159 [title] => The Death Penalty: Should the Judge or the Jury Decide Who Dies? [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-should-the-judge-or-the-jury-decide-who-dies/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article addresses the effect of judge versus jury decision making through analysis of a database of all capital sentencing phase hearing trials in the state of Delaware from 1977-2007. Over the three decades of the study, Delaware shifted responsibility for death penalty sentencing from the jury to the judge. Currently, Delaware is one of the handful of states that gives the judge the final decision making authority in capital trials. Controlling for a number of legally-relevant and other predictor variables, we find that the shift to judge sentencing significantly increased the number of death sentences. Statutory aggravating factors, stranger homicides, and the victim’s gender also increased the likelihood of a death sentence, as did the county of the homicide. We reflect on the implications of these results for debates about the constitutionality of judge sentencing in capital cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2513371 ) [2174] => Array ( [objectID] => 6160 [title] => Death Row Fall 2014 [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-fall-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The latest edition of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund's Death Row, USA showed a continuing decline in the size of the death row population. The new total of 3,035 represented a 13% drop from 10 years earlier, when the death row population was 3,471. The racial demographics of death row have been steady, with white inmates making up 43% of death row, black inmates composing 42%, and Latino inmates 13%. California continued to have the largest death row, with 745 inmates, followed by Florida (404), Texas (276), Alabama (198), and Pennsylvania (188). Arkansas, which last carried out an execution nearly nine years ago, had a 13% decrease in its death row population since last year. The report also contains information about executions. Since 1976, 10% (143) of those executed were defendants who gave up their appeals. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/DRUSAFall2014.pdf ) [2175] => Array ( [objectID] => 6162 [title] => Social survey: public attitudes in Kazakhstan to the death penalty for terrorist offences [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/social-survey-public-attitudes-in-kazakhstan-to-the-death-penalty-for-terrorist-offences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This survey polled public opinion in Kazakhstan towards the use of the death penalty for terrorist offences resulting in death, and also for especially grave crimes committed inwartime. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Social-survey-death-penalty-in-Kazakhstan-Sept-2014_ENG.pdf ) [2176] => Array ( [objectID] => 6163 [title] => Filling The Void [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/filling-the-void/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 'Filling The Void' is a brutal record of Bill Leonard's troubled childhood and youth.The memoir provides a shocking insight into the neglect and abuse that he suffered as a child at the hands of his parents and stepfather and gives a frank account of the murders that led to his incarceration. It reveals the horrendous conditions in which Bill is held in Ely State Prison, Nevada and gives a graphic description of the barbarous treatment that he has received at the hands of his prison guards. It also details and examines the flawed process that earned him the death penalty and describes his struggle for self-rehabilitation through a process called neuroplasticity. This is the life story of a man who has suffered a great deal, who has passions that aren't always under control. A man who loves order and truth but hasn't always been able to engage in them. Someone who is hugely motivated to learn and develop his abilities. Someone who ought to be alive for a long time. This is Bill Leonard - and this is his story. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.co.uk/Filling-The-Void-Bill-Leonard/dp/1500879975 ) [2177] => Array ( [objectID] => 6164 [title] => Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/just-mercy-a-story-of-justice-and-redemption/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bryan Stevenson, founder of the Equal Justice Initiative in Alabama, has written a new book, Just Mercy, about his experiences defending the poor and the wrongfully convicted throughout the south. It includes the story of one of Stevenson's first cases as a young lawyer, that of Walter McMillian, who was eventually exonerated and freed from death row. McMillian, a black man, had been convicted of the murder of a white woman in Monroeville, Alabama. His trial lasted just a day and a half, prosecutors withheld exculpatory evidence, and the judge imposed a death sentence over the jury's recommendation for life. Archbishop Desmond Tutu said of the book, “Bryan Stevenson is America’s young Nelson Mandela, a brilliant lawyer fighting with courage and conviction to guarantee justice for all. Just Mercy should be read by people of conscience in every civilized country in the world to discover what happens when revenge and retribution replace justice and mercy. It is as gripping to read as any legal thriller, and what hangs in the balance is nothing less than the soul of a great nation." [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/5898 ) [2178] => Array ( [objectID] => 6165 [title] => China Executed 2,400 People in 2013, Dui Hua [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/china-executed-2400-people-in-2013-dui-hua/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Dui Hua Foundation estimates that China executed approximately 2,400 people in 2013 and will execute roughly the same number of people in 2014. Annual declines in executions recorded in recent years are likely to be offset in 2014 by the use of capital punishment in anti-terrorism campaigns in Xinjiang and the anti-corruption campaign nationwide. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://duihua.org/wp/?page_id=9270 ) [2179] => Array ( [objectID] => 6166 [title] => A Summary Report on Public Support for the Death Penalty in Ghana [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-summary-report-on-public-support-for-the-death-penalty-in-ghana/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provides evidence on public attitudes to the death penalty in Ghana, withan empirical focus on Accra. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://nebula.wsimg.com/6576315324a66705b85cf4120413f6b3?AccessKeyId=50A9833FCBD2E20E7634&disposition=0&alloworigin=1 ) [2180] => Array ( [objectID] => 6167 [title] => Report on the Death Penalty in Iraq UNAMI/OHCHR [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iraq-unami-ohchr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This reporton the death penalty in Iraqis publishedjointlyby the Human RightsOffice of theUnited Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI)andthe Office of the United Nations HighCommissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).The first section of this report outlines the international human rights standards on the use of thedeath penalty. The subsequent sections examine the domestic legal framework for the use of thedeath penalty in Iraq, judicial proceedings in death penalty cases, the implementation of the deathpenalty since 2004, and thejustifications put forward by the Government of Iraq for its continueduse. The report concludes with a set of recommendations tothe Iraqi authorities, the Governmentof Kurdistan Region and the international community. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/IQ/UNAMI_HRO_DP_1Oct2014.pdf ) [2181] => Array ( [objectID] => 6168 [title] => UPR Pre-Session Statement on the Death Penalty in Iran [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/upr-pre-session-statement-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This statement is delivered on behalf of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty (WCADP), Iran Human Rights (IHR), Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation,The Advocates for Human Rights, an NGO with special consultative status, and Association for Human Rights in Kurdistan of Iran-Geneva.The statement addresses the following issues: (1) extensive use of the death penalty(official and unofficial figures); (2) the death penalty against juvenile offenders; (3) public executions; (4) the death penalty for murder or “qesas/retribution;” (5) the death penalty for drug-related charges, and; (6) the death penalty for other non-violent offenses. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://iranhr.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/UPR-Pre-Session-statement-Death-Penalty-IHR-WCADP.pdf ) [2182] => Array ( [objectID] => 6169 [title] => Written Statement to the 20th Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review on Iran [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/written-statement-to-the-20th-session-of-the-working-group-on-the-universal-periodic-review-on-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report is being submitted by Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation, The Advocates for Human Rights, Iran Human Rights (IHR), Association for Human Rights in Kurdistan of Iran-Geneva (KMMK-G), and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, relevant stakeholders, in conjunction with the Universal Periodic Review of Iran by the United Nations Human Rights Council. Iran will be subject to review during the 20th session (October – November 2014). This report examines the imposition of the death penalty in Iran in light of international human rights standards. This report will also examine and discuss the judicial process applied in cases involving punishment by the death penalty. Reports and commentary indicate that there is a serious problem of access to justice for the vast majority of individuals accused of crimes for which the death penalty is a possible punishment. It has been compiled from a combination of sources, including the penal code, news reports, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other commentary. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/iran_hrc_death_penalty_octobernovember_2014.pdf ) [2183] => Array ( [objectID] => 6170 [title] => Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the present report, the Special Rapporteur provides an overview of hisactivities and considers four topics relating to the protection of the right to life:(a) the role of regional human rights systems; (b) less lethal and unmanned weaponsinlaw enforcement; (c) resumptions of the death penalty; and (d) the role ofstatistical indicators. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/265 ) [2184] => Array ( [objectID] => 6175 [title] => Summary of Hands Off Cain 2014 Report [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/summary-of-hands-off-cain-2014-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The worldwide trend towards abolition, underway for more than fifteen years, was again confirmed in 2013 and the first six months of 2014.There are currently 161 countries and territories that, to different extents, have decided to renounce the death penalty. Of these: 100 are totally abolitionist; 7 are abolitionist for ordinary crimes; 6 have a moratorium on executions in place and 48 are de facto abolitionist (i.e. Countries that have not carried out any executions for at least 10 years or countries which have binding obligations not to use the death penalty).Countries retaining the death penalty worldwide declined to 37 (as of 30 June 2014), compared to 40 in 2012. Retentionist countries have gradually declined over the last few years: there were 43 in 2011, 42 in 2010, 45 in 2009, 48 in 2008, 49 in 2007, 51 in 2006 and 54 in 2005. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=18306105 ) [2185] => Array ( [objectID] => 6176 [title] => Moving Away from the Death Penalty: Arguments, Trends, and Perspectives [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moving-away-from-the-death-penalty-arguments-trends-and-perspectives/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Why yet another book on the death penalty? The answer is simple: Aslong as the death penalty exists, there is a need for advocacy against it.This book provides arguments and analysis, reviews trends and sharesperspectives on moving away from the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/DeathPenalty/MovingAwayDP.pdf ) [2186] => Array ( [objectID] => 6178 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2014 Background Paper covers the period from 1 July 2013 to 30 June2014. It highlights changes in the status of the death penalty in the OSCE areathat have taken place since the publication of the 2013 Background Paper.8As inprevious years, the background paper provides information on two participatingStates – Belarus and the United States of America – that continue to impose thedeath penalty, and on four participating States – Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia andTajikistan – that are de facto abolitionist, but retain the death penalty in law. It alsoprovides an overview of relevant developments in some of the 51 OSCE participatingStates that have an abolitionist status. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/odihr/124105?download=true ) [2187] => Array ( [objectID] => 6182 [title] => Infographic: the Death Penalty in the Americas [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/infographic-the-death-penalty-in-the-americas/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On the occasion of the International Day against the Death Penalty, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) urges member States of the Organization of American States (OAS) that retain the death penalty to abolish it, or to impose a moratorium on its application as a step toward abolition, and to ensure full compliance with decisions of the IACHR concerning death penalty cases. While a majority of the member States of the OAS has abolished capital punishment, a substantial minority retains it. The United States is currently the only country in the Western hemisphere to carry out executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/docs/pdf/PenaMuerteEn.pdf ) [2188] => Array ( [objectID] => 6192 [title] => The Politics of the Death Penalty in Countries in Transition [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-politics-of-the-death-penalty-in-countries-in-transition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Covering a diverse range of transitional processes in Asia, Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East, The Politics of the Death Penalty in Countries in Transition offers a broad evaluation of countries whose death penalty policies have rarely been studied. The book would be useful to human rights researchers and international lawyers, in demonstrating how transition and transformation, ‘provide the catalyst for several of interrelated developments of which one is the reduction and elimination of capital punishment’. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415827393/ ) [2189] => Array ( [objectID] => 6199 [title] => Factsheet for Medical Professions [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-medical-professions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the death penalty remains, persons with mental disabilities are at risk of being sentenced to death and executed in breach of international standards. This briefing paper provides concrete examples of what can be done to address this risk, including by the adoption by national medical professional bodies of codes of conduct ensuring that professionals do not act unethically or unprofessionally in capital cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2014-Fact_Sheet_MedicalPro-1.pdf ) [2190] => Array ( [objectID] => 6201 [title] => Fiche pour les journalistes [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fiche-pour-les-journalistes/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Tant que la peine de mort continue d’exister, les personnes souffrant de déficiences mentales courent le risque d’être condamnées à mort et exécutées, en violation des normes internationales. Ce document de synthèse montre quelles mesures peuvent être prises pour supprimer ce risque, notamment en luttant contre la stigmatisation des personnes souffrant d’un handicap mental ou intellectuel, en particulier lorsque les médias entretiennent des idées reçues erronées concernant les risques que ces personnes représentent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FR_WD2014-Fact_Sheet_Media-1.pdf ) [2191] => Array ( [objectID] => 6203 [title] => Factsheet for Journalists [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/factsheet-for-journalists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the death penalty remains, persons with mental disabilities are at risk of being sentenced to death and executed in breach of international standards. This briefing paper provides concrete examples of what can be done to address this risk, including by working towards the reduction of stigma against persons with mental or intellectual disabilities, particularly where media reports promote inaccurate public beliefs about risks posed by such persons. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_WD2014-Fact_Sheet_Media-1.pdf ) [2192] => Array ( [objectID] => 6212 [title] => Shadow Report on the Death Penalty in the United States of America for the CERD [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/shadow-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states-of-america-for-the-cerd/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report for consideration during the85th Session of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination addresses five main issues with regard to the United States’ use of the death penalty and how the death penalty disproportionately affects minorities in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/the_advocates_death_penalty_report_for_cerd.pdf ) [2193] => Array ( [objectID] => 6213 [title] => Financial Costs of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/financial-costs-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Idaho’s death penalty involves many criminal justicestakeholders at both the local and state levels and in all three branches of government. Because death penalty processes involve so many entities, legislators asked for a better understanding of the structure, workings, and costs. The following events also sparked legislative interest: (1) two offenders sentenced to death werelater released from prison in 2001 and (2) two recent executions after a 17-year pause.Legislators wanted to know whether costs of sentencingdefendants to death could be compared with costs of sentencing them to life in prison. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Government body report ) [url_doc] => http://www.legislature.idaho.gov/ope/publications/reports/r1402.pdf ) [2194] => Array ( [objectID] => 6223 [title] => The inevitability of error: The administration of justice in death penalty cases [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-inevitability-of-error-the-administration-of-justice-in-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report provides a global snapshot of cases and research findings from Japan, the United States, Taiwan, the Commonwealth Caribbean, Sierra Leone and the United Kingdom. International human rights law recognises the potential for wrongful conviction and execution of the innocent, or those who have not had fair trails. As a consequence, international norms seek to impose exacting standards and apply a heightened level of due process in capital cases. The relevance of universal human rights standards and international norms, requiring states to apply rigorous procedural rules in the application of the death penalty, is detailed in the Appendix. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://portfolio.cpl.co.uk/DPP/The-inevitability-of-error/6/ ) [2195] => Array ( [objectID] => 6224 [title] => Last 100 executed: Who are they? [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/last-100-executed-who-are-they/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Some defendants who commit murder are automatically excluded from the death penalty in the U.S., such as juveniles and the intellectually disabled. Others with similar deficits are regularly executed. A new study by Robert Smith (l.), Sophie Cull, and Zoe Robinson examined the mitigating evidence present in 100 recent cases resulting in execution, testing whether the offenders possessed mitigating qualities similar to those spared from execution. This infographic presents some of their findings. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/images/last100.jpg ) [2196] => Array ( [objectID] => 6226 [title] => The Failure of Mitigation? [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-failure-of-mitigation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A vast literature details the crimes that condemned inmates commit, but very little is known about the social histories of these capital offenders. For example, how many offenders possessed mitigating characteristics that demonstrate intellectual or psychological deficits comparable to those shared by classes of offenders categorically excluded from capital punishment? Did these executed offenders suffer from intellectual disability, youthfulness, mental illness, or childhood trauma? The problem with this state of affairs is that the personal characteristics of the defendant can render the death penalty an excessive punishment regardless of the characteristics of the crime. This Article begins to fill the mitigation knowledge gap by describing the social histories of the last hundred offenders executed in America. Scouring state and federal court records, this Article documents the presence of significant mitigation evidence for eighty-seven percent of executed offenders. Though only a first step, our findings suggest the failure of the Supreme Court’s mitigation project to ensure the only offenders subjected to a death sentence are those with “a consciousness materially more depraved” than that of the typical murderer. Indeed, the inverse appears to be true: the vast majority of executed offenders possess significant functional deficits that rival — and perhaps outpace — those associated with intellectual impairment and juvenile status; defendants that the Court has categorically excluded from death eligibility. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2446950 ) [2197] => Array ( [objectID] => 6227 [title] => Manifesto for a Protocol to the African Charter on the abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/manifesto-for-a-protocol-to-the-african-charter-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Continental Conference on the Death Penalty2-4 July 2014, Cotonou, BeninHuman Rights Organisations' Manifesto for a Protocolto the African Charter on the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.fiacat.org/IMG/pdf/Continental_Conference_on_the_Death_Penalty.pdf ) [2198] => Array ( [objectID] => 6232 [title] => 2013 World Day Report [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2013-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report presents the theme of 2013 World Day, facts on the death penalty and all the actions and media coverage for the 11th World Day on the progress made and challenges ahead. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-rapport-WEB-1.pdf ) [2199] => Array ( [objectID] => 6237 [title] => Facts and Figures 2014 [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2014/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Up-to-date information on the application of death penalty around the world in 2013 and 2014 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Facts_and_Figures_2014-1.pdf ) [2200] => Array ( [objectID] => 6241 [title] => Irreversible Error: Recommended Reforms for Preventing and Correcting Errors in the Administration of Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/irreversible-error-recommended-reforms-for-preventing-and-correcting-errors-in-the-administration-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Committee also offers a host of other recommendations to prevent and correct wrongfulconvictions. These include recommendations regarding the preservation, testing andpresentation of forensic evidence; the creation of statutory remedies for wrongful convictionsand the implementation of procedures for the systemic review to help avoid future errors; thevideotaping of custodial interrogations – where practical – in order to avoid the documentedproblem of false and otherwise inaccurate confessions; the adoption of best practices foreyewitness identifications; the effective implementation of prosecutors’ constitutionalobligation to disclose exculpatory evidence; and enforcement of the Vienna Convention onConsular Relations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.constitutionproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Irreversible-Errors_FINAL.pdf ) [2201] => Array ( [objectID] => 6247 [title] => Fighting for clients’ lives: the impact of the death penalty on defence lawyers [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fighting-for-clients-lives-the-impact-of-the-death-penalty-on-defence-lawyers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => How are lawyers affected by defending death penalty cases, where failure means execution? And how do they respond when their clients are killed?This briefing paper, written by Susannah Sheffer and drawing on her book Fighting for their lives, showcases the voices of the lawyers themselves to demonstrate the profound and long-lasting impacts that the death penalty can have on those indirectly affected by it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/fighting-for-clients-v3-web.pdf ) [2202] => Array ( [objectID] => 6248 [title] => The death penalty, terrorism and international law [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-terrorism-and-international-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty is retained for terrorism offences in many countries, but how does it conform with international standards? The global community has had much to say about both terrorism and capital punishment; this paper brings together the key arguments to identify the appropriate state responses in the face of terrorism. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/death-penalty-terrorism-v3-web.pdf ) [2203] => Array ( [objectID] => 6250 [title] => Stakeholder report for Iraq UPR [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/stakeholder-report-for-iraq-upr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Advocates for Human Rights, in collaboration with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and the Iraqi Coalition Against the Death Penalty, submitted a joint stakeholder report to the U.N. Human Rights Council for its October-November 2014 Universal Periodic Review of Iraq. This submission describes Iraq’s international human rights obligations with regard to its use of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/iraq_hrc_dpoct_nov_2014 ) [2204] => Array ( [objectID] => 6251 [title] => Death sentences and executions 2013 [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report covers the judicial use of the death penalty for the period January to December 2013. Amnesty International records figures on the use of the death penalty based on the best available information. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2014/fr/652ac5b3-3979-43e2-b1a1-6c4919e7a518/act500012014en.pdf ) [2205] => Array ( [objectID] => 6252 [title] => Annual report on the death penalty in Iran 2013 [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The sixth annual report of Iran Human Rights (IHR) on the death penalty gives an assessment of how the death penalty was implemented in 2013 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport-iran-2014-GB-030314-bd-e.pdf ) [2206] => Array ( [objectID] => 6338 [title] => Facilitation manual: A guide to using participatory methodologies for human rights education [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facilitation-manual-a-guide-to-using-participatory-methodologies-for-human-rights-education/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This guide is part of Amnesty International’s Education for Human Dignity project and is intended to be used with the project’s substantive modules on poverty and human rights issues. This facilitation manual has been developed, however, with the necessary flexibility to be used alone as a general resource in a diversity of settings. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ACT35/020/2011/en/ ) [2207] => Array ( [objectID] => 6501 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This publication covers the period 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011 and offers a concise update that highlights only those changes in the status of the death penalty made since the last Background Paper. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/odihr/82896?download=true ) [2208] => Array ( [objectID] => 6547 [title] => Death Penalty Information Pack [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-information-pack/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => PRI information pack on the state of the death penalty in 2014: international trends toward abolition; moratorium; the death penalty for the “most serious crimes”; right to a fair trial; mandatory death penalty; conditions of imprisonment; clemency; execution; transparency; deterrence; public opinion; victims’ rights. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/PRI-Death-penalty-info-pack-WEB.pdf ) [2209] => Array ( [objectID] => 6579 [title] => List of signatories to the Second Optional Protocol by region [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/list-of-signatories-to-the-second-optional-protocol-by-region/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => List of states that have signed and/or ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Classifyied by region of the world as of 1st July 2011. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4&lang=en ) [2210] => Array ( [objectID] => 6596 [title] => The ECHR in 50 questions [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-echr-in-50-questions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document describes the European Court of Human Rights, how it was formed, how many judges sit on the court, the proceedings at the court, etc. These and many more questions about the Court are answered in this text. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/50Questions_ENG.pdf ) [2211] => Array ( [objectID] => 6689 [title] => Practical Guide to Contract procedures for EU external actions [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/practical-guide-to-contract-procedures-for-eu-external-actions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Practical Guide explains the contracting procedures applying to all EU external actions financed from the EU general budget (the EU budget) and the European Development Fund (EDF). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/prag/document.do?locale=en ) [2212] => Array ( [objectID] => 6720 [title] => EU Policy on Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/eu-policy-on-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This page contains videos and documents on issues dealing with the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://eeas.europa.eu/human_rights/adp/index_en.htm ) [2213] => Array ( [objectID] => 6727 [title] => Cost [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/cost/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document provides information on the cost of death penalty cases in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.ncadp.org/index.cfm?content=24 ) [2214] => Array ( [objectID] => 6728 [title] => Racial Bias [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/racial-bias/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This webpage provides information on the link between racism and the death penalty in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.ncadp.org/index.cfm?content=19 ) [2215] => Array ( [objectID] => 6785 [title] => The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective [timestamp] => 1388534400 [date] => 01/01/2014 [annee] => 2014 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-a-worldwide-perspective-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective by Roger Hood and Carolyn Hoyle is the Fourth Edition of a text that highlights the latest developments in the death penalty around the world. Roger Hood utilizes his experience as a consultant to the United Nations' annual survey of capital punishment in compiling a wide range of information from non-governmental organizations and academic literature. The book explores both the advances in legal challenges to the death penalty and the reduction in executions, while noting the continued existence of human rights abuses. Problems include unfair trails, police abuse, painful forms of execution, and excessive periods of time spent in inhumane conditions on death row. The authors explore the latest issues related to capital punishment such as deterrence, arbitrariness, and what influence victims' families should have in sentencing. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=fSZwglgRnHsC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=The+Death+Penalty:+A+Worldwide+Perspective&ots=gbkaxw9h7c&sig=IHuW37ejRS9IcPkZ3MbuhydR3yY#v=onepage&q=The%20Death%20Penalty%3A%20A%20Worldwide%20Perspective&f=false ) [2216] => Array ( [objectID] => 4574 [title] => Abolitionist movement shifts up a gear in Morocco [timestamp] => 1387497600 [date] => 20/12/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-movement-shifts-up-a-gear-in-morocco/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ba3ddff80c9f2d62a8097e0531f3c149_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Through engagement with members of Parliament, the publication of an unprecedented report on death row conditions and the launch of a new website, the Moroccan abolitionist movement is entering a new dimension. [texte] => Morocco’s Parliamentary Network Against the Death Penalty held its first event in Rabat on 10 and 11 December 2013, in association with Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) and the British Foreign Office.“This is the first time parliamentarians hold a debate on penal reform within the parliament – many new ideas were circulated,” said Mostafa Znaidi, deputy coordinator of the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty. He added that several MPs who did not join the network took part in the conference nonetheless. Some members of the majority Islamist party PJD, which opposes abolition, attended part of the proceedings.“The objective was to include the issue of the death penalty in the reform of the Penal Code, which is expected to conclude next year,” said Nicolas Perron, in charge of ECPM’s Morocco programme. “We already know there will be a reduction in the number of capital offences. The Parliamentary Network wants a lot more than that: it is calling for abolition.”The Network now has 208 members in both houses of the Moroccan Parliament and they registered an abolition bill in early December.Lawyers, human rights defenders, criminologists, Islamic scholars, civil servants and diplomats joined MPs in Rabat to explore arguments and methods in support of this initiative.Among them was Frank Warburton, who was hired by the World Coalition to prepare a manual of good practices intended to help those parliamentarians who want to push for abolition in their legislatures. MPs from other Arab countries were also present to discuss their experience with their Moroccan colleagues.Four visits in 12 years on death rowAn unprecedented investigation into Morocco’s death row is among the tools available to local advocates of abolition. It reveals the scale of problems created by capital punishment in the country.“Two thirds (67%) of those sentenced to death in Morocco suffer from serious mental conditions. Most of those conditions should have waived any criminal responsibility at the trial stage,” psychiatrist Ahmed El Hamdaoui and law professor Mohammed Bouzlafa wrote in the book A Journey through the Graveyard of the Living.The publication was largely based on interviews with 52 prisoners in three jails, e.g. around half of Morocco’s death row population. It also documents harsh detention conditions that violate Moroccan and international standards.“Here, those sentenced to death are abandoned to their fate. We have been buried alive. Some prisoners among us have never received a visit and suffer a great deal from that,” a prisoner told investigators. “I personally have been on death row for twelve years, and I have received only four visits from my family.”The wife of a prisoner on death row Kenitra central prison said: “Each time the phone rings, I can think of only one thing: ‘Come claim the body of your husband.’ (…) My husband was sentenced to death, but honestly, I’m the one being put through his ordeal and his pain.”The Moroccan Organisation for Human Rights (OMDH), a member of the World and Moroccan Coalitions, conducted the investigation. The resulting material was published by ECPM as part of its collection of death row investigations around the world. “After Tunisia, we now wish to do this in Algeria and issue a joint publication on the Maghreb,” Nicolas Perron said.The book was presented at a press conference and at the Parliamentary Network event, and will now inform lobbying efforts by Moroccan abolitionists and ECPM in 2014 and 2015 to achieve better detention conditions on death row and support efforts towards abolition.“We are also recommending that the moratorium on executions observed in Morocco since 1993 be officialised by a yes vote for the UN General Assembly’s next resolution on this issue,” Perron added. ECPM will present the results of the investigation at a side even in New York on that occasion.A website to advocate “life”A Journey through the Graveyard of the Living is among the first documents published on the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s new website, www.tudert.ma. The website is named after the Berber word for “life” and a beta version is online. Its final version will be launched early next year.“The website will first of all disseminate information about the Moroccan abolitionist movement by giving accounts of local actors’ activities and publishing documents by our members as well as by other sources, such as UN agencies or Moroccan legal bodies,” said Mostafa Znaidi. “This is a tool to show what is being done here, and relay what others are doing.” Reinforcements for Algeria’s civil societyECPM and Penal Reform International (PRI), another World Coalition member, held a conference on the death penalty in Algiers on 15 and 16 December 2013 in association with the National Consultative Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (CNCPPDH).The event focused on the role of civil society in the abolition process at the national, regional and international levels. It was an opportunity for many regional experts to support the Algerian abolitionist movement in a difficult national context – for the first time since 2009.Algerian media gave the conference broad coverage, including the newspaper Le Temps d’Algérie, which quoted abolitionist lawyer Miloud Brahimi as saying: “Algeria has chosen national reconciliation after a decade of tragedy, and the country will certainly accept the abolition of this punishment.”Heithem Chebli of PRI noted that « applying the death penalty to exert revenge cannot achieve the ideal form of justice the whole of mankind is striving to achieve”.ECPM Executive Director and World Coalition Vice-President Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan reminded the participants of the death penalty’s troubled history in the country: “The guillotine and the death penalty were an instrument of terror and violence used by the French colonial power in Algeria,” he said.CNCPPDH President Farouk Ksentini supported the abolitionist movement’s demands, but he maintained that the death penalty was justifiable in the cases of crimes against children. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2217] => Array ( [objectID] => 4575 [title] => US executions drop below 40 in 2013 [timestamp] => 1387497600 [date] => 20/12/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/us-executions-drop-below-40-in-2013/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ddd48b07ed40f74c448ecc67c3bf1e30_2-500x281.png [extrait] => According to the Death Penalty Information Center’s annual report, the number of death sentences in the United States has remained near record lows, a new State repealed capital punishment and public support for the death penalty fell to a 40-year low. [texte] => With 39 executions in 2013, this year marks only the second time in nearly two decades that the United States executed less than 40 people, according to a report released on 19 December 2013 by the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC). One of the reasons for fewer executions in 2013 was States’ inability to obtain lethal injection drugs.Executions declined about 10% compared to 2012 - from 43 last year to 39 this year - and by 60% since 1999. There were 80 new death sentences in 2013, about the same as last year (77), which was the lowest number since 1973. Death sentences have declined by 75% from 1996, when there were 315.“Twenty years ago, use of the death penalty was increasing. Now it is declining by almost every measure,” said Richard Dieter, DPIC’s Executive Director and the author of the report. “The recurrent problems of the death penalty have made its application rare, isolated, and often delayed for decades. More States will likely reconsider the wisdom of retaining this expensive and ineffectual practice.”The number of States with capital punishment laws dropped to 32 this year, as Maryland became the 18th abolition State. Six States in six years have abandoned capital punishment: Maryland, Connecticut, Illinois, New York, New Jersey and New Mexico.In 2013, public support for the death penalty as measured in the annual Gallup poll declined to 60%, its lowest level in 40 years. In Boston, a strong majority (57%) of residents supported a sentence of life without parole for Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, while only 33% of respondents supported a death sentence.State-by-State data illustrate the decline in death penalty use this year:• Two States, Texas and Florida, were responsible for the majority (59%) of executions nationwide. Texas had 16 executions and Florida had seven.• For the sixth year in a row, Texas had less than 10 death sentences, a stark contrast from 1999, when it recorded 48.• Prominent death penalty States, including South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee and Louisiana had no death sentences in 2013.• California had about 30% of the country’s death sentences, though the State has not carried out an execution in seven years. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2218] => Array ( [objectID] => 4576 [title] => Indonesian executions on the rise as election looms [timestamp] => 1386633600 [date] => 10/12/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/indonesian-executions-on-the-rise-as-election-looms/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/87433a8e8670baf63ea4346c0a0ffcd5_2-500x262.jpg [extrait] => Executions have multiplied in Indonesia throughout 2013. World Coalition local member organization KontraS sees political motivations behind the end of a four-year moratorium. [texte] => Rei Firdha Amalia, in charge of international advocacy and death penalty campaigning at KontraS, answered Worldcoalition.org’s questions.What is KontraS’s reaction to the four recent executions in Indonesia?KontraS deplored and condemned the executions of five defendants in 2013. We consistently oppose the government’s policy of continued execution in 2013, after the end of a moratorium on capital punishment since 2008.After Ademi Wilson (February 2013), the government executed three others defendants in June for murder: Suryadi Swabhuana, Jurit bin Abdullah and Ibrahim bin Ujang, all Indonesians from South Sumatra. Recently, on November 17, the government executed Pakistani national Muhammad Abdul Hafeez in a drug case.KontraS has consistently rejected capital punishment as cruel and inhuman. The death penalty violates international human rights standards: most importantly, the right to life.The application of the death penalty in Indonesia is also contrary to the development of civilized nations of the modern world. Abolition of capital punishment through legal and political mechanisms would raise the dignity of Indonesia in the eyes of the international community.Executions are inconsistent with the current policy aimed at protecting Indonesian citizens from capital punishment abroad.For example, the government has taken action to try and save Wilfrida Soik, a migrant worker from Indonesia sentenced to death in Malaysia after she was accused of killing her employer.The government wants to show that it is upholding the law. But these executions are merely hypocritical legal decisions. The death penalty tends to target convicts from developing countries or countries that have very little political impact on Indonesia.The recent executions indicate the Attorney General’s Offices desire to go through with more. The only way to end the death penalty in Indonesia is therefore to abolish it outright.Why are the executions secret?Since the death penalty is debatable, we believe that the government keeps some executions secret because they do not want to raise concerns from both national and international society.The government is not ready for, and wants to avoid, criticism and protests against those executions. Secrecy is the best way to make the death penalty process run smoothly.Why has the country decided to end its four-year moratorium on executions? Does this have anything to do with the upcoming elections in 2014?Notably, 2008 was the year before the Presidential elections. It is no coincidence that defendants from relatively prominent cases, in particular the Bali bombers, were sent before the firing squad in November 2008, not long before voters hit the polls on July 8, 2009.Current President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was re-elected to a second term that year. The next presidential elections will take place in 2014.The close relation between executions and politics rely on public support for the death penalty. Society still supports executions and the ruling party is seeking positive reactions from the public to get re-elected next year.What action is KontraS taking in response?In order to support the abolition of death penalty, KontraS has been actively advocating in capital cases. KontraS is particularly involved in the defense of Ruben Pata Sambo, a death row convict wrongly accused of killing a family in South Sulawesi in a miscarriage of justice.In June, KontraS met with Attorney General Basrief Arief, who agreed to postpone the execution of Ruben and his son because of many anomalies of the case.KontraS also campaigns against to turn the Indonesian people’s mind away from supporting the death penalty. For example, on October 9, 2013, we conducted discussions for university students in Bandung to change their mindset on the occasion of the World Day Against the Death Penalty.There is still a strong opinion in Indonesia that the death penalty is an effective way to deter future crime, despite evidence to the contrary.Photo: display in an Indonesian airport's arrivals hallCredit: Comicbase [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia [1] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2219] => Array ( [objectID] => 18412 [title] => Grief, Loss, and Treatment for Death Row Families [timestamp] => 1386201600 [date] => 05/12/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/grief-loss-and-treatment-for-death-row-families/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The families of death row inmates are rarely considered in public discourse regarding the death penalty. They have largely been forgotten, and their pain has not been acknowledged by the rest of society. These families experience a unique grief process as they are confronted with the loss of their loved one to death row and brace themselves for the possibility of an execution. Death row families are disenfranchised from their grief by the surrounding community, and their; mental health needs exacerbated as they struggle in isolation with the ambiguous loss that comes with the fear that the state will kill their loved one.Grief, Loss, and Treatment for Death Row Families describes the grief that families experience from the time of their loved one’s arrest through his or her execution. In each chapter, Sandra Joy guides the reader through the grief process experienced by the families, offering clinical interventions that can be used by mental health professionals who are given the opportunity to work with these families at various stages of their grief. The author conducted over seventy qualitative interviews with family members from Delaware who either currently have a loved one on death row or have survived the execution of their loved one. Delaware was chosen because though it has a relatively small death row, it is ranked third in the nation with its rate of per capita executions. This book provides an in-depth awareness of the grieving process of death row families, as well as ways that professionals can intervene to assist them in healing. With increased awareness and effective clinical treatment, we can ensure that the families of death row inmates are forgotten no more. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780739114940/Grief-Loss-and-Treatment-for-Death-Row-Families-Forgotten-No-More ) [2220] => Array ( [objectID] => 4577 [title] => Justice ministers meet on the eve of Cities Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1385856000 [date] => 01/12/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/justice-ministers-meet-on-the-eve-of-cities-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1bf9e055ef5aefd078cfa1c067df963a_2-500x262.jpg [extrait] => More than 20 ministers of justice met in Rome for the annual conference on the abolition of the death penalty organised by the Community of Sant’Egidio and heard harrowing testimonies from courageous activists. [texte] => “No Justice Without Life” was the theme of the 8th International Congress of Ministers of Justice for a world without the death penalty, convened by the Communità di Sant’Egidio in Rome, on 29 November.The event takes place every year on the eve of the international day "Cities for Life - Cities Against the Death Penalty".Marco Impagliazzo chaired the public session of the congress. He is the president of the Sant’Egidio Community, which is a founding member of the World Coalition. A closed session for the Ministers followed.The meeting gathered 22 ministers of justice from Africa, Latin America, Asia and Europe, and numerous high officials. Italian dignitaries welcoming the Congress included Senate President Pietro Grasso and the mayor of Rome, Ignazio Marino.The mayor is an organ transplant surgeon and he particularly criticized the Chinese practice of execution with a bullet to the back of the head while keeping the heart beating so that the organs can be sold openly for transplantation. He cited Pope Francis in calling on the assembly to be “rebels against global indifference”.Europe praises AfricaThe European Union’s Special Representative for Human Rights, Stavros Lambrinidis, presented the EU’s “principled stand” against the death penalty and reviewed the progress in abolition and moratoria over the past 20 years.Lambrinidis stressed the importance of working in global, regional and bilateral programmes to make the death penalty as abhorrent as torture. He praised the work of the African Union, noting that most moratoria on the death penalty are in Africa. He speculated that Africa might become the second death penalty-free continent, after Europe.Senegal’s Minister of Justice Sidiki Kaba was one of many who articulated the threads running through the day: that “capital punishment is capital injustice” and justice that kills can only be injustice.These themes were reflected in the presentations of Mario Giro, undersecretary of the ministry of foreign affairs of Italy; Fernando Ferraro, minister of justice of Costa Rica; Benjamin Abalos, Jr., mayor of Mandaluyong City in the Philippines; and Sigfrido Reyes Morales, chairman of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador, who presented an award to the Community of Sant’Egidio in recognition of their decades of work in that country.Federico Mayor, president of the International Commission Against the Death Penalty, cited the important work of both intergovernmental and civil society organizations, including Sant’Egidio, the African Union and the World Coalition, and discussed both the progress in Latin America and the difficulties of China.“Bold” Swiss strategyCalling it a “bold strategy”, Ambassador Georges Martin of Switzerland announced his country’s determination to end the death penalty globally by the year 2025. He, too, cited the importance of civil society, and specifically of the World Day Against the Death Penalty. He noted the growing importance of this annual Congress of Ministers of Justice.The president of the Committee for Human Rights of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy, Mario Marazitti, a founder of the World Coalition and the guiding force behind both the Congress of Ministers and the International Day of Cities for Life, spoke about the death penalty as “never having been truly a part of human nature”. He framed the battle against the death penalty, along with the battles against slavery and torture, as one single struggle for human dignity.World Coalition Vice-President Elizabeth Zitrin, representative of Murder Victims Families for Human Rights on the Steering Committee, presented the World Coalition’s members across the regions of the world and the campaigns and mutual support it undertakes. She noted the work of Reprieve representing Italian national Anthony Farina, on death row in the US, and the status of abolition efforts in her home state of California and in the US.Activists from Belarus to Afghanistan take partHuman rights defender Andrei Paluda from Belarus, the only nation in Europe that retains the death penalty, spoke of the secrecy surrounding executions, and the impossibility of knowing even how many have been killed.Paluda described condemned prisoners’ struggle between “the hope to keep living and the need to prepare for death”. Because executed prisoners are buried in unmarked graves, many prisoners commit suicide, sometimes with the help of other prisoners or even of guards, so that their families can claim their bodies.Several speakers noted the leading role of women in abolition efforts. This was highlighted by the presence and presentation of Shukria Barakzai, a Muslim feminist and journalist who is a member of the lower house of the parliament of Afghanistan. Barakzai will be a candidate for the presidency of her country in 2014.Watch the full public session below: [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Belarus [2] => Costa Rica [3] => El Salvador [4] => Italy [5] => Philippines [6] => Senegal [7] => Switzerland [8] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2221] => Array ( [objectID] => 4578 [title] => Lawyers’ manual published in traditional Chinese [timestamp] => 1385769600 [date] => 30/11/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/lawyers-manual-published-in-traditional-chinese/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5e0dfc3a9e7f498d072a5366a90aba28_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => On the occasion of Cities for Life Day on November 30, the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty are proud to announce the online publication of the Chinese version of Representing Individuals Facing the Death Penalty: A Best Practices Manual. This publication is intended for lawyers who defend people facing the death penalty around the world. [texte] => This guide was made possible through cooperation between Death Penalty Worldwide, a website managed by Sandra Babcock, Professor at the Center for International Human Rights, Northwestern University School of Law; the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty; and lawyers from around 15 countries including Taiwan and China.The traditional Chinese version follows the publication of the English and French editions last May. It was revised by TAEDP, lawyers Geoffrey Weng, Ellen Lee, Yu-ning Chen and Professor Monghwa Chin.In the video below, Geoffrey Weng explains the difficulties faced by attorneys in Taiwan:This version is now available for download by defence lawyers working on capital cases.A simplified Chinese version will soon follow after revisions by lawyer Teng Biao of China Against the Death Penalty.Watch Teng Biao explain how the manual is going to help attorneys in China:In a statement welcoming the publication of the Chinese version, Prof Babcock said: “Taiwanese and Chinese lawyers are facing enormous difficulties when they defend people facing the death penalty. Those cases are a lot thornier than the average criminal case. I hope this manual will be useful to them and will help them advocate more efficiently for their clients’ rights to a fair trial, from the time of their arrest to their final appeal.”Watch an interview with Sandra Babcock on the making of the manual below:TAEDP, the Legal Aid Foundation and the Human Rights Commission of the Taipei Bar Association are planning a series of workshops in 2014 to teach lawyers how to best use the guide.The three organizations are also planning to adapt the manual to publish a guide dedicated to defence lawyers in capital cases in Taiwan specifically by the end of 2014.What is Cities for Life?On November 30, 1786, the Grand-Duchy of Tuscany became the first European State to abolish the death penalty. The Community of Sant’Egidio has decided to celebrate Cities for Life day every year on November 30.On that evening, participating cities illuminate one of their monuments as a sign of respect for life and rejection of the death penalty, as there can be no justice without life. Some 1,600 cities are expected to take part in Cities for Life in 2013 [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Taiwan [2] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2222] => Array ( [objectID] => 4579 [title] => Ivory Coast invited to ratify the UN Protocol on the death penalty [timestamp] => 1385510400 [date] => 27/11/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ivory-coast-invited-to-ratify-the-un-protocol-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/aa01b22d9ab79961a32ba28194872552_2-500x262.jpg [extrait] => World Coalition member organization FIACAT has taken part in a follow up mission to the Ivory Coast after the African human rights body issued the country with recommendations including ratifying the treaty that copperfastens abolition. [texte] => FIACAT and its Ivorian member organisation ACAT Côte d’Ivoire conducted a mission between 18-21 November, 2013 to follow up on the African Commission on Peoples’ and Human Rights’ (ACHPR) recommendations to the Ivory Coast in October 2012.The first recommendation invited the Ivorian government to “take the necessary steps to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the abolition of the death penalty and implement it in national law”.Ivory Coast had presented its initial report on the implementation of the African Charter of Human and Peoples’ Rights to the ACHPR at its 52nd session in October 2012.On that occasion, FIACAT and ACAT Côte d’Ivoire submitted an alternative report in which they recommended the ratification of the Protocol to confirm Ivory Coast’s international commitment in favour of the abolition of capital punishment.The Commission said it was preoccupied with the non-ratification of the Protocol and the “presence of the death penalty in the Penal Code despite its abolition in the Constitution”. The Commission therefore recommended that the Ivory Coast ratify and domesticate the Protocol to solidify the abolition of the death penalty.Willingness to ratifyFIACAT and ACAT Côte d’Ivoire held meetings with the justice ministry, the National Human Rights Commission, the African Union, Ivory Coast’s civil society federation, the human rights section of the UN mission to Ivory Coast (ONUCI), the foreign ministry and the French embassy to expose their concerns.Both ministries expressed willingness to ratify the Protocol. A review committee has also been appointed to reform the Penal Code and the Criminal Proceedings Code and bring them in line with Ivory Coast’s international commitments and remove all references to the death penalty.The other partners offered to support FIACAT and ACAT Côte d’Ivoire’s efforts for the implementation of the ACHPR’s recommendations when they meet the Ivorian authorities.FIACAT and ACAT Côte d’Ivoire stressed that the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR should be ratified as soon as possible, especially in advance of the Ivory Coast’s Univesal Periodical Review of human rights scheduled for next spring in Geneva. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire [1] => Côte d'Ivoire ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2223] => Array ( [objectID] => 4580 [title] => How far is China ready to reduce its use of the death penalty? [timestamp] => 1385337600 [date] => 25/11/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-far-is-china-ready-to-reduce-its-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/471b94963157ac763b1f17f072253633_2-500x262.jpg [extrait] => The number one executioner in the world recently made national and international commitments to continuing to reform its death penalty, but how far is China really ready to go? [texte] => In its State report and in opening statement at its second UN Universal Periodic Review of human rights (UPR), on 22 October 2013, China said of capital punishment: “In the past few years, China has further reduced its application by taking a series of important measures to improve and perfect the evidence system in death penalty cases, reduce the number of capital crimes, and codify the standards for application of the death penalty and the procedures by which such cases are handled.”For example, the Supreme People’s Court and other organs of the Central Government jointly issued regulations to exclude confession extracted through torture. An amendment to Criminal Law was adopted in 2011 to abolish the death penalty for 13 non-violent economic crimes.China also reformed the Criminal Procedure Law in 2012 to allow lawyers to access their clients without prior appointment or official permission, and to allow requests from the counsel for the defence to be heard by the Court.Recommendations from member states During the UPR, UN member states issued a dozen of recommendations to work towards the abolition of the death penalty; to reduce the number of crimes carrying the death penalty; to introduce a system of clemency and to publish figures regarding death sentences and executions. China indicated that these recommendations will be examined and that they will provide responses for the 25th session of the Human Rights Council in March 2014.During the previous UPR the Chinese government systematically rejected recommendations on the use of the death penalty and the independence of the judiciary and lawyers.Then on 12 November 2013, the UN General Assembly elected China as a member of the Human Rights Council with 176 votes out of 193. China had previously served two consecutive terms from 2006-2012. In its candidacy, China pledged to “advance the reform of the judicial system” and to “continue to strengthen the prudent application of the death penalty”.On 15 November 2013, the Third plenary session of the Communist Party's Central Committee decided to “gradually reduce the number of crimes punishable by death”.What China is not ready to commit toWhile the reduction of capital crimes is one of the key measures to be implemented in the short term, the offences for which the death penalty will be abolished are still unclear. Non-violent crimes such as counterfeiting or aggravated offences of procuring are likely to be on the list as they attract hardly any death sentences in the country, but other non-violent crimes such as corruption or drug trafficking are more controversial. The government put the fight against corruption as a high priority in its political agenda and abolition of the death penalty for corruption would go against this.Transparency, too, is unlikely to have the support of the Chinese authorities. The death penalty is a State secret in China, which does not publish any official statistics about the number of executions and sentences, the crimes for which people have been sentenced to death and executed or any other information.According to the Dui Hua Foundation report to the UN for China’s UPR, about 16,500 people were executed between 2009 and 2012. Although the number of executions has decreased compared to previous years, it is still disproportionate compared to the rest of the world. China is more likely to keep it secret because it would look so bad at the international level.Implementation challengeIt is also difficult to assess the extent to which China will implement the recent regulations and amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law. For example, Human Right Watch stated that “according to article 37 of the newly revised Criminal Procedural Law, lawyers must be able to access their clients without prior appointment or official permission, and such access should be arranged within 48 hours. But there is also a dangerous loophole: if a case is deemed to involve endangering national security, terrorism, or major bribery, access to lawyers can be denied. Police can do so arbitrarily, and there are few ways to challenge such a decision”.China may, once again, reject all the UPR recommendations next March to make a point about its sovereign right to use the death penalty, but it will implement some of them before its next UPR. The Chinese authorities have come to realise that the number of executions in the country had no equivalent in the world and it is a record they are not proud of. Although China officially refuses to bend to international pressure, abolitionist organisations should continue to address the issue to keep it high on the agenda of reforms.Photo: Liu Jieyi, Permanent Representative of China to the UN (UN Photo/Amanda Voisard) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2224] => Array ( [objectID] => 4582 [title] => Abolitionist community appalled at Bangladeshi court ruling [timestamp] => 1383868800 [date] => 08/11/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-community-appalled-at-bangladeshi-court-ruling/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ba6228714a8d7522a78ae9c766ea4f83_2-500x262.jpg [extrait] => A Bangladeshi court has sentenced 152 people to death and 161 others to life in prison on 5 November for a mutiny in Dhaka in 2009 (photo). High profile abolitionists have berated the decision. [texte] => The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay, said: “Justice will not be achieved by conducting mass trials of hundreds of individuals, torturing suspects in custody and sentencing them to death after trials that failed to meet the most fundamental standards of due process.”Echoing this sentiment, World Coalition member organisation Human Rights Watch remarked: “Trying hundreds of people en masse in one giant courtroom, where the accused have little or no access to lawyers, is an affront to international legal standards.”World Coalition president and FIDH representative on the death penalty Florence Bellivier said: “The government of Bangladesh should join the international trend towards the abolition of the death penalty and immediately commute the death sentences into lesser sentences.”Mass death penalty trials of this sort have occurred in other countries in recent year. As previously reported by the World Coalition, 17 Indian nationals were sentenced to death for the murder of one Pakistani man in the United Arab Emirates in 2010.A desire for “cruel revenge”The officers of the Bangladesh Border Guards (the Bangladesh Rifles at the time of the offence) were convicted of crimes that were committed during the mutiny, which included the murder of 74 people and sexual assault of numerous women.Some commentators believe that the widespread anger towards the paramilitary group led to the harshest sentence being imposed.Polly Truscott, Amnesty International’s Deputy Asia-Pacific Director, stated: “With these sentences, Bangladesh has squandered an opportunity to reinforce trust in the rule of law by ensuring the civilian courts deliver justice. Instead, the sentences seem designed to satisfy a desire for cruel revenge.”Lawyers for those that were sentenced to death have said they will appeal.More than 1,000 on death row in Bangladesh The mutineers alone will make up over 10% of the total death row population in the country, which currently stands at over 1,000 people.Bangladesh has consistently handed down death sentences over the past decade though this year will easily surpass last year, which saw approximately 45 people sentenced to death.Bangladesh regularly executes and does so by hanging.Photo: Mujib Mehdy [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2225] => Array ( [objectID] => 4583 [title] => Iran: indiscriminate executions continue [timestamp] => 1383523200 [date] => 04/11/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iran-indiscriminate-executions-continue/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/910fc3287e288fa2b7e920a3b36594b6_2-500x262.jpg [extrait] => The United Nations, the European Union and the international community must put the situation of the death penalty at the top of the agenda in their dialogue with Iran. [texte] => While the political climate between Iran and the international community has been improving since the election of President Rouhani, and the P5+1 Group is preparing their second round of nuclear negotiations with Iran, executions continue at a higher rate than before inside the country.Forty-five executions in Iran have been confirmed since Saturday, October 26. We condemn this wave of lawlessness in the strongest possible terms.Six executions took place this morning, November 4, according to reports from Iran: Shirkoo Moarefi, a Kurdish political prisoner, was hanged in the prison of Saghez (west of Iran), and five prisoners charged with murder were executed in the prison of Kermanshah.Following the execution of 18 prisoners on Saturday, October 26, among them two Kurdish political prisoners and 16 Baluchi prisoners executed in retaliation for an armed attack by insurgents the day before, another Baluchi prisoner was hanged on Monday, October 28, convicted of membership in a Baluchi militant group, and one prisoner was executed on Tuesday, October 29, convicted of drug-related charges.Referring to the retaliatory execution of the 16 Baluchi prisoners, Florence Bellivier, President of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, stated: “The death penalty in Iran is often carried out in violation of international law; in this case none of the safeguards provided not only by international law but also by internal regulations were respected”.Reports from Iran had indicated that at least 12 Kurdish prisoners might be in imminent danger of execution. Iran Human Rights (IHR) warned about the imminent danger of execution for four Sunni Kurd prisoners sentenced to death, convicted of the assassination of a Sunni Cleric. Those prisoners were in detention when the assassination took place.Amnesty International has also warned of the danger of execution for the two Kurdish political prisoners Zanyar and Loghman Moradi, reportedly tortured into “confessing” to the 2009 murder of the son of a senior cleric in Marivan, Kurdistan Province, and participating in armed activities with a Kurdish opposition group.Additionally, four Ahwazi Arab death row prisoners have been transferred to an unknown location and could be executed at any time.Since the election of the new Iranian President Hasan Rouhani in June, at least 278 prisoners have been executed in Iran. Of those, 166 including one juvenile offender convicted of a murder committed at 14 years of age, have been announced by official sources. This is a higher monthly average number of executions than in recent years. In the same period, the diplomatic ties between Iran and the international community have improved and the EU and the P5+1 Group have resumed their dialogue with Iran.“It is a paradox that the relations between Iran and the international community improve at the same time as the number of the executions in Iran increases. Notably, many of the death row prisoners are subjected to torture, forced confessions and unfair trials,” said Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, the spokesperson of Iran Human Rights. “Demanding a halt to the executions and due process of law must be on top of the agenda in the dialogue between the international community and Iran”.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, an alliance of more than 150 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions, was created in Rome on 13 May 2002. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty.See also statements by World Coalition members:> Iran Human Rights> International Federation for Human Rights> Amnesty International> Human Rights Watch [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2226] => Array ( [objectID] => 4584 [title] => Moving away from the death penalty in Asia [timestamp] => 1382659200 [date] => 25/10/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moving-away-from-the-death-penalty-in-asia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/eb525ef933b0ef290068294f54c53f24_2-500x262.jpg [extrait] => Following up on the World Day Against the Death Penalty, successive meetings in Thailand and in China highlight decreasing support for capital punishment among Asian governments and public opinion. [texte] => Representatives from several Southeast Asian governments came together in Bangkok on 22 and 23 October, 2013 to discuss the prospects for abolition in the region. The conference, hosted by the office of the UN High Commissioner on Human Rights and the Thai Ministry of Justice, generated surprising new information on government plans for abolition in the region. Long considered a stronghold of the death penalty, the reality on the ground is much more complex.In his opening remarks at the conference, Naras Savestanan of the Thai Ministry of Justice announced that the government will soon propose legislation to abolish the death penalty in the country. Dr Savestanan catalogued the problems with the application of the death penalty, including the possibility of wrongful convictions, racial and ethnic bias, the lack of any deterrent value, and the pain associated with execution. He concluded that the death penalty was a cruel and unreasonable punishment.If Thailand abolishes the death penalty, it will become the fourth abolitionist nation in the region along with the Philippines, Cambodia, and Mongolia.Moving beyond the moratorium in Myanmar and LaosMyanmar’s government has prevented all executions in the country as a matter of official policy since 1988. According to the Myanmar Attorney General’s office, the country is now considering ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and will continue its moratorium while it decides whether to move toward abolition.Laos ratified the Torture Convention just last year, and has had a de facto moratorium for more than 20 years. Phoukhong Sisoulath from the Laos Foreign Ministry commented that the concept of proportionality in Laos dates back several hundred years to one of the country’s early kings, who was revered for his humane approach to the treatment of prisoners. Laos is now examining its penal code with an eye toward reducing the number of death-eligible crimes.Brunei has not executed any prisoners since 1957.Independent polling sheds new light on Japan’s public opinionOne of the most interesting panel presentations during the seminar was given by Mai Soto from the Institute of Criminal Research Policy at Oxford University. Dr. Soto explained how opinion polls on the death penalty in Japan, which are frequently cited by the Japanese government to justify its retention, are skewed by the nature of the questions asked.Official opinion polls indicate that an overwhelming majority (about 86%) of Japanese residents oppose abolition of the death penalty. Her own polling revealed that the actual number of “hard core” supporters of the death penalty is around 56% of the population. Moreover, when those hard core supporters of the death penalty are subjected to “deliberative polling,” which solicits their views after they have discussed the application of the death penalty with experts, about half of them changed their minds.Regional abolitionist strategies discussed in Hong KongTwo days later, a conference in Hong Kong gathered academics, civil society and diplomats to debate strategies for abolition in Asia. Discussions focused on the death penalty for drug offenses, public opinion polls, clemency process, the death penalty in China, and the role of lawyers to help reduce the number of death sentences and executions. The conference was organised by the University of Hong Kong, the European Union office to Hong Kong and Macau, and ADPAN.Aurélie Plaçais in Hong KongMap: TUBS [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brunei Darussalam [1] => China [2] => Japan [3] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [4] => Myanmar [5] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2227] => Array ( [objectID] => 4585 [title] => Events, strong words and hard facts to fight death penalty in the Caribbean [timestamp] => 1381449600 [date] => 11/10/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/events-strong-words-and-hard-facts-to-fight-death-penalty-in-the-caribbean/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fda44c4841d3e989a6aed71965216bfd_2-500x264.jpg [extrait] => As World Day Against the Death Penalty events unfolded on an unprecedented scale across the region, local activists and international organisations took a firm stance against capital punishment across the Caribbean. [texte] => Never before had the World Day Against the Death Penalty been so visible across the Greater Caribbean. As the region became the main focus of this year’s global abolitionist event, citizens of Trinidad and Tobago were invited to a free screening of a documentary film on capital punishment, Puerto Ricans met with Dr Luis Arroyo Zapatero, Director of International Academic Network for the Abolition of the Death Penalty, or heard a talk about the famous Spanish painter Francisco de Goya’s abhorrence of the cruelty of the death penalty, a group of exonerated death row prisoners and lawyers embarked on a tour of three of the region’s islands and Mexico’s National Commission for Human rights hosted a half-day event on the death penalty with an array of speakers, including diplomats, academics, and activists – among many actions dotting the region.Local media, too, have been giving greater space to the debate on the death penalty."Tackle crime without resorting to the death penalty"The newly formed Greater Caribbean for Life coalition of abolitionist issued a World Day statement calling “on governments of countries that retain the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean to urgently and effectively tackle crime, but without resort to the death penalty”.The call was made by representatives of civil society from 12 Caribbean countries who gathered on 1 and 2 October in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, to debate the issue of the death penalty in the context of public security.“Murder rates in the Caribbean have increased in the past ten years. Faced with increasing murder rates, governments in the region have been presenting the death penalty as a crime-control measure, despite the lack of evidence of its deterrent effect, often failing to invest in more effective solutions that would prevent/curb crime in the long term and that would address the needs of victims within a Restorative Justice approach to the criminal justice system,” the Greater Caribbean for Life stated.Watch and share the videos below in which five Caribbean activists talk about their daily fight against capital punishment:.image{float:left;}a.case{ display: block; height:100%;text-decoration:none;}#image1{display:block;width: 109px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en_01.jpg);}#image1:hover{width: 109px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en-hover_01.jpg);}#image2{display:block;width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en_02.jpg);}#image2:hover{width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en-hover_02.jpg);}#image3{display:block;width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en_03.jpg);}#image3:hover{width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en-hover_03.jpg);}#image4{display:block;width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en_04.jpg);}#image4:hover{width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en-hover_04.jpg);}#image5{display:block;width: 153px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en_05.jpg);}#image5:hover{width: 153px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en-hover_05.jpg);} Highest homicide rates in retentionist Caribbean countriesWorld Coalition member organization Amnesty International supported this view in “Not making us safer”, a detailed briefing on crime, public safety and the death penalty published on 10 October.The document compiles extensive data on crime rates, death penalty status and international law from various regions of the world and reads: “In the Greater Caribbean, there is no correlation between retention of the death penalty and low crime rates: six of the ten countries with the highest homicide rates in the region retain the death penalty (the Bahamas, Belize, Guatemala, Jamaica, St Kitts and Nevis, and Trinidad and Tobago). Indeed, in St Kitts and Nevis, the number of murders increased from 23 to 27 in the year following the execution of Charles Elroy Laplace in December 2008.”In a strongly worded World Day statement, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) “urges the OAS Member States that still have the death penalty to abolish it or at least to impose a moratorium on its application”.The IAHCR is the Organization of American States (OAS)’s human rights watchdog.It acknowledged progress in the region, especially in reducing the number of mandatory death sentences: “The development of inter-American standards establishing that the death penalty contravenes the American Convention and the American Declaration [on Human Rights], as well as interaction between the inter-American human rights bodies and the judicial bodies of the Commonwealth Caribbean, among other factors, have led to progress in the elimination of the mandatory death penalty in the majority of the countries of the Caribbean. The IACHR expects that additional progress will be made in this direction until mandatory imposition of this punishment is abolished in all the countries of the region.”Two petitions begin collecting signatures on World DayThe World Coalition has launched a petition calling on Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago to remove such mandatory sentences, which impose capital punishment regardless of mitigating circumstances.Another petition calls for full abolition in Guatemala, and a World Coalition delegation visited the Guatemalan embassy in Paris on World Day to present the authorities with the text of the petition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahamas [1] => Barbados [2] => Belize [3] => Guatemala [4] => Jamaica [5] => Puerto Rico [6] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [7] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2228] => Array ( [objectID] => 4586 [title] => Abolitionist movement turns to parliamentarians [timestamp] => 1381449600 [date] => 11/10/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-movement-turns-to-parliamentarians/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ed4abd4727bcb53471d63663a5a29fbb_2-500x253.jpg [extrait] => Two major events brought together international MPs on World Day Against the Death Penalty to further parliamentary cooperation in the struggle against capital punishment. The World Coalition will publish a handbook to assist abolitionist parliamentarians. [texte] => The anti-death penalty community is increasingly focusing on parliamentarians as fundamental actors of abolition. In most countries, abolition is achieved through legislation, and the initiative to present a bill in parliament takes political courage and good knowledge of the issue.In addition, parliamentarians in both retentionist and abolitionist countries can work to raise public awareness of the growing international movement against executions, introduce legislation to reduce the number of offences punishable by death and conduct parliamentary enquiries to ensure that all trials for capital offences follow the highest standards.In January 2013, the well-established UK All-Party Parliamentary Group on the Abolition of the Death Penalty organized a meeting with those working for the abolition of the death penalty and others with experience of parliamentary networks. They discussed what more could and should be done to create a network of abolitionist parliamentarians, and whether such a network would add to the effectiveness of the abolitionist movement.The World Coalition and several of its members including Ensemble contre la peine de mort (ECPM) and Penal Reform International have continued to work on that issue, leading to two events being held by ECPM in Paris and by the International Commission Against the Death Penalty in Geneva, on the occasion of the 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty on 10 October, 2013.French parliament hosts seminar on death penalty in the MENA regionECPM, in collaboration with the French Senate, the French National Assembly and the French ministry of foreign affairs, organized a two-day seminar on the death penalty in the Middle East and North Africa at the French Parliament on 9 and 10 October.Forty parliamentarians coming from Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Palestinian Territories and Tunisia addressed topics such as the role of parliamentarians in the path towards abolition and the importance of creating a parliamentarian network against the death penalty.Hopeful signs came from Lebanon, where parliamentarians are working closely with civil society, or Morocco, where a 200-strong national network of abolitionist parliamentarians was launched recently.In Algeria and Tunisia, the moratorium seems stable but the delegates from those countries pointed to religious arguments used by extremist sides in parliament to delay abolition.Some hope came from hard-core retentionist Egypt, where the process of drafting the new constitution could introduce consideration for the right to life as a first step towards debating abolition.During the seminar, the World Coalition presented its project to draft a handbook on the death penalty and examples of successful and failed strategies towards abolition. Several parliamentarians attending the event will be directly involved in the project.Watch a video interview below with Frank Warburton, an expert on cross-party parliamentary co-operation tasked with drafting the World Coalition’s handbook:ICDP/IPU joint event for parliamentarians in GenevaIn Geneva, the International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP) and the Inter-Parliamentary Union celebrated the World Day against the Death Penalty with a joint event for parliamentarians.The one-day event considered the global trend towards abolition and the role of parliaments in ending this cruel and barbaric punishment. From the exchange of views there too, it was clear that members of parliament are a critical force in abolishing the death penalty.Members of parliament from 11 countries heard how States can abolish the death penalty and listened to their peers in Kazakhstan and Morocco explain their role as parliamentarians in furthering abolition.Photo: ©IPU/I. Décarroux [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria [1] => Egypt [2] => France [3] => Jordan [4] => Kazakhstan [5] => Lebanon [6] => Libya [7] => Mauritania [8] => Morocco [9] => State of Palestine [10] => Tunisia [11] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2229] => Array ( [objectID] => 25006 [title] => Facts and Figures 2013 [timestamp] => 1381363200 [date] => 10/10/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facts and Figures world day against the death penalty 2013 [texte] => [1] ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIESMore than two thirds of the world’s countries have abolished the deathpenalty in law or practice.• 97 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes;• 8 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes exceptextraordinary crimes such as those committed in times of war;• 35 countries are de facto abolitionists: the death penalty is stillprovided for in legislation but no executions have been carried outfor at least ten years.Therefore, 140 countries have abolished the death penalty de jure or defacto.However, 58 countries and territories still uphold the death penalty anduse this punishment. That said, ‘only’ 21 countries carried out executionsin 2012.[2] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDSWORLD ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYSince 2002, 21 countries have abolished capital punishment for all crimes:Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Bhutan, Burundi, Cook Islands, Cyprus,Gabon, Greece, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Mexico, Montenegro, the Philippines,Rwanda, Samoa, Senegal, Serbia, Togo, Turkey and Uzbekistan.In the Americas, the USA was the only nation to carry out executions in2012.In sub-Saharan Africa only five countries executed prisoners: Botswana,Gambia, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan.In Europe, only Belarus continues to use the death penalty and toexecute prisoners.[3] DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONSDuring 2012 at least 682 prisoners (excluding China) were executed in 21countries and at least 1722 people were sentenced to death in 58countries. These figures only reflect cases of which Amnesty Internationalwas aware and the actual number is certainly higher.In 2012, the nations with the highest number of executions were China,Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and the United States.[Asia]Amnesty International has not given any estimates on the number orexecutions in China. Official national statistics on the application ofcapital punishment remain a state secret. It is believed that thousands ofexecutions took place in 2012.In Asia, there were no executions Mongolia for the fourth year in a row.However, the resumption of executions especially in India, Indonesia,Japan and Pakistan is a grave concern.www.worldcoalition.orgExecutive Board MembersFlorence Bellivier (FIDH), Elizabeth Zitrin (Death PenaltyFocus), Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan (Ensemble contre lapeine de mort), Jacky Hortaut (Collectif « LibéronsMumia »), Mostafa Znaidi (Organisation marocaine desdroits humains)Steering Committee Members:Advocates for Human Rights, Barreau de Paris, Collectif «Libérons Mumia », Coalition marocaine contre la peine demort, Communauté de Sant'Egidio, Culture pour la Paix etla Justice, Death Penalty Focus, Death Penalty Project,Ensemble contre la peine de mort, FIACAT, FIDH, IranHuman Rights, Lawyers for human rights international,Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights, Organisationmarocaine des droits humains, Penal ReformInternational, Puerto Rico Bar association, Reprieve,Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, Witness toInnocenceMember Organisations:Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation, ACATDeutschland, ACAT France, ACAT Libéria, Adaleh Centerfor Human Rights, ADPAN, ALIVE, American FriendsService Committee, Amnesty International, Arab CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty, Association for the Rights toLive, Association Justice et Miséricorde, AssociationLibanaise pour L'Education el la Formation, AssociationLibanaise pour les Droits Civils Association, Marocainedes Droits Humains, Action pour Education de qualité(Apeq), Avocats Sans Frontières France, Avocats SansFrontières Guinée, Bahrain Human Rights Society, BAYTAL HIKMA Belarusian Helsinki Committee, City of Brainel’Alleud, California People of Faith working against thedeath penalty, Centre for Prisoner’s Rights, Campaign toend death penalty, Center for Constitutional Rights,Center for Global non Killing, Centre marocain des droitshumains, CGT, Children Education Society, Coalitionnationale tunisienne contre la peine de mort, CODHAS,Collectif des Organisations des Jeunes Solidaires duCongo-Kinshasa, Comité des Observateurs des Droits del’Homme, Comitato Paul Rougeau, Comite DesJournalistes Congolais Contre La Peine De Mort, ComitéSyndical Francophone de l'Education et de la Formation,Conférence Internationale des Barreaux, Congolese YouthMovement, Conseil National pour les Libertés en Tunisie,CURE, Death Watch International, City of Dijon, Droits etPaix, Equal Justice USA, Federation of Liberal Students,Fédération Syndicale Unitaire, Forum Africain contre laPeine de Mort, Forum 90 Japan, Forum marocain pour laVérité et la Justice, Foundation for Human Rights Initiative,Free Tunisia, German Coalition to Abolish the DeathPenalty, Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo, Hands Off Cain, HarmReduction International, Hope & Justice, Human RightsWatch, Human Rights Commission of Pakistan,HURILAWS, International Organization for DiplomaticRelations, International commission of jurists, IranianHuman Rights Activists Groups in EU and North America,Iraqi Center for Human Rights and Democracy Studies,Iraqi Coalition against the Death Penalty, Italian Coalitionto Abolish the Death Penalty, Japan Innocence and DeathPenalty Research Center, Journey of Hope...from Violenceto Healing, Kids Against the Death Penalty, KontraS, LawStudent’s Forum, Leaders Organization, League ofWomen Lawyers of Tajikistan, Legal and Human RightsCentre, LEDAP, Ligue des Droits de l’Homme, LDVDH,Lifespark, Ligue ivoirienne des Droits de l’Homme, LuttePour la Justice, City of Matera, Mauritanian CoalitionAgainst Death Penalty, MEDEL, Mêmes droits pour tous,Michigan Committee Against Capital Punishment,Mothers Against Death Penalty, Mouvement contre leRacisme et pour l’Amitié entre les Peuples, NationalCoalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, NationalAssociation of Criminal Defence Lawyers, NationalLawyers Guild, Nigerian Humanist Movement,Observatoire marocain des prisons, Observatoire Nationaldes Prisons, Ordine Provinciale dei Medici-Chirurgi e degliodontoiatri di Firenze, Ordre des avocats du Barreau deLiège, Ordre des avocats de Genève, Ordre des avocatsdes Hauts de Seine, Ordre des Barreaux francophones etgermanophones de Belgique, Pacific Concerns ResourceCentre, Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, Pax ChristiUvira asbl,, People of Faith Against the Death Penalty,Poitiers (City of), Puerto Rican Coalition against the DeathPenalty, QUNO, RADHOMA, RAIDH, Reggio Emilia (Cityof), REPECAP, Reprieve Australia, Rescue AlternativesLiberia, Rights and Democracy, ROTAB, Save Anthony,Stop Child Executions, SYNAFEN, Tuscany, UnionChrétienne pour le Progrès et la Défense des Droits del’Homme, Unis pour l’abolition de la peine de mort, TexasCoalition to abolish the death penalty, Think Centre, USHuman Rights Network, City of Venice, Victorian CriminalJustice Coalition, Women's Information ConsultativeCenter, World Organisation Against Torture.Secretariat:World Coalition Against the Death Penalty69, rue Michelet - 93100 Montreuil, FranceTel: + 33 1 80 87 70 43 - Fax: + 33 1 48 70 22 25contact@worldcoalition.org[Middle East]According to the information gathered by AmnestyInternational, Iran executed at least 314individuals in 2012. According to Iran HumanRights’ annual report, at least 580 people wereexecuted in 2012, with at least 60 publicexecutions.In Iraq, at least 129 executions took place in 2012and over 81 people are reported to have beensentenced to death in 2012.In Yemen, at least 28 people were executed in2011. Saudi Arabia executed at least 79individuals compared to 82 in 2011 and 27 in 2010.[North America]In the United States 9 States carried outexecutions in 2012, taking the lives of 43 people(as in 2011, compared to 46 in 2010 and 52 in2009), therefore bringing the total number ofpeople executed since capital punishment wasreinstated in 1977 to 1,320.Maryland became the 18th State to abolish deathpenalty during the spring 2013, closely followingConnecticut in April 2012, Illinois in 2011, NewMexico in 2009, and New Jersey in 2007.[4] METHODS OF EXECUTIONSince 2000 the following methods have been used:• decapitation (Saudi Arabia);• electrocution (United States);• hanging (Afghanistan, Bangladesh,Botswana, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Pakistan,Palestinian Authority [Hamas Authorities,Gaza], South Sudan, Sudan);• lethal injection (China, United States);• execution by firing squad (Belarus, China,Gambia, North Korea, Palestinian Authority[Hamas Authorities, Gaza], Somalia, Taiwan,UAE, Yemen);• stoning (Afghanistan, Iran).[5] USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYAGAINST JUVENILE OFFENDERSInternational human rights treaties forbid the useof capital punishment for all those under 18 at thetime of the crime of which they are accused. Thisban is inscribed in the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, the American Conventionon Human Rights and the Convention on the Rightsof the Child.The countries which still uphold capitalpunishment for some crimes are all party to atleast one of these treaties which expressly forbidthe execution of juvenile offenders.However, a small number of countries continue toexecute juvenile offenders. In 2012, Yemen andIran executed people who were below 18 years ofage when the crimes were committed. Juvenileoffenders are also believed to be under a deathsentence in Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Yemen, Iranand Pakistan.[6] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTSSUPPORTING ABOLITIONOne important aspect of the progress which hasbeen made recently is the adoption ofinternational treaties through which States pledgenot to use capital punishment:• Second Optional Protocol to theInternational Covenant on Civil and PoliticalRights, which aims to abolish the death penaltyand has been ratified by 76 States. 4 othercountries have signed the Protocol, therebysignalling their intention to become party to thisinstrument at a later date;• Protocol to the American Convention onHuman Rights on the abolition of the deathpenalty, has been ratified by 13 States on theAmerican continent;• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention f [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Faits-et-chiffres-JM2013-EN.pdf ) [2230] => Array ( [objectID] => 4587 [title] => Pakistan moratorium renewal welcomed [timestamp] => 1381190400 [date] => 08/10/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pakistan-moratorium-renewal-welcomed/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6d2482857668053b1edfdc126c9a7286_2-500x252.jpg [extrait] => The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), a World Coalition member organisation, has welcomed the federal government’s announcement on continuing the moratorium on capital punishment and has called for a thorough review of the death penalty regime in the country. [texte] => After the moratorium imposed by the previous government expired in June and the new prime minister, Nawaz Sharif, introduced an informal suspension of executions in August, abolitionists worldwide were calling for an official moratorium to be restored.In a statement, the Commission said: “HRCP welcomes the government’s statement that it would persist with the moratorium on death penalty. The news brings some respite for thousands of death row inmates — especially those whose execution was imminent — and their families.It is encouraging that the government did not succumb to pressure and acted not only in national interest but also did well by the norms of justice. HRCP is particularly happy to note that the government has cited the country’s international commitments, which cannot possibly exclude human rights, as the ground for the decision.Complete review of the death penalty neededAlthough a good first step, the present decision will have meaning only if we have a complete review of the death penalty regime in Pakistan. And the sooner the better.It is important now that Pakistan moves beyond the informal moratorium that has been tried in the country in the last few years. For an abnormally high number of offences that carry the death penalty remain on the statute books still, even though research in a number of countries has laid bare the myth that capital punishment serves as a deterrent against crime.The courts continue to award death penalty, adding to around 8,000 death row prisoners already crammed in overcrowded jails. Nothing has diminished concerns of the people about the miscarriage of justice through the various stages of investigation and adjudication.HRCP calls upon the government to expeditiously move to address these concerns as well.”Zohra YusufChairpersonPhoto: PresidentRajapaksa/Flickr [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan [1] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2231] => Array ( [objectID] => 4588 [title] => Divided opinions on death penalty in Belarus [timestamp] => 1381190400 [date] => 08/10/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/divided-opinions-on-death-penalty-in-belarus/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c39cabe10e3e419c9707165a21472cbc_2-500x246.jpg [extrait] => On the occasion of the World Day Against the Death Penalty, World Coalition member organizations Penal Reform International and Belarus Helsinki Committee are releasing a rare opinion poll on what people know and think about capital punishment in the last European country with the death penalty. [texte] => The survey was based on personal interviews with 1,100 residents of Belarus aged 18 to 75, conducted in April-May 2013, as well as the results of thematic focus groups.The research was dedicated to studying public opinion on penal policy in its various aspects, including fairness of punishment, confidence in the penal system and attitude towards the criminals. A special focus was given to the awareness, opinions and motivation of the people towards the death sentence and alternative forms of punishment.The research showed that opinion towards capital punishment was controversial. When asked directly about abolition of death sentences, more than half of the respondents (63.8%) said they support capital punishment.However, when presented with alternative penalty measures (including a moratorium and life sentences), many also supported these measures.Opinions on usage of the death penalty vary greatly depending on the respondents’ age and religious beliefs.36.5% dedicated proponents of capital punishmentAmong the 36.5% dedicated proponents of death sentences, the main argument is that it is an adequate retribution for a crime committed. An additional argument in favour of capital punishment is the feeling of safety. This argument is particularly common among women, older people and residents of provinces.31.0% of the respondents are dedicated opponents of capital punishment and explain their position with the value of human life.Similar motivations and logic are present in the people advocating a moratorium on capital punishment (12.4%). However, the moratorium advocates also explain their position with the imperfection of the judicial system and the risk of judicial error.Regarding the people’s confidence and attitude towards penal policy in general, 73.5% are afraid of judicial errors and stick to the position: "It is worse to convict an innocent person than to let a guilty person evade punishment".Active proponents of death sentence believe judicial errors are rare or inexistent, stating that “people must trust judges” and their competence – effectively saying that the judicial system must be trusted by definition.Opinions vary on Belarus’s penal systemThe opinion of both opponents and advocates of capital punishment is based on their perception and attitude towards the functioning of the penitentiary system of the Republic of Belarus in general. Capital punishment advocates evaluate the current penitentiary system as adequate or too soft; they offer little sympathy for ex-convicts and are less willing to take part in the reintegration of people with past convictions.Active opponents of capital punishment write off the penitentiary system in its current state as inadequate; they believe judicial errors are not only possible but actually happen quite often. For people in that group, the main sense of a judicial error is the risk of convicting an innocent person. Thus, people opposed to capital punishment are more sympathetic towards ex-convicts and their environment, and are more willing to take part in the reintegration of people with past convictions.One in three Belarusians aware of the current death penalty situationThe level of awareness on the current status of affairs regarding the execution of death sentences is quite high, at 32.8%. Some 9.7% of respondents believe capital punishment has been abolished, 7.1% say death sentences have not been passed in many years, 5.5% that the country has signed a moratorium on capital punishment, and 10.5% could not answer.This survey has also shown that most respondents observe low media coverage of the issue of capital punishment and its application in Belarus.Only 5.9% said this topic is covered sufficiently in the national media. At the same time, stating insufficient levels of information on the running of the judicial system is combined with a lack of willingness to learn about it. The general background assumption is that evaluating any judicial process is strictly of the competence of specialists and needs no layman’s assessment.The research was commissioned by Penal Reform International as part of the project “Towards abolition of capital punishment”, implemented with financial support of the European Union. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2232] => Array ( [objectID] => 4589 [title] => Caribbean events kick off with regional conference and abolitionist network launch [timestamp] => 1380758400 [date] => 03/10/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/caribbean-events-kick-off-with-regional-conference-and-abolitionist-network-launch/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/fcdbdce6e7ad29329164a171e5bc3039_2-500x218.jpg [extrait] => A wide range of activists, law practitioners and former death row inmates have met in Trinidad and Tobago to discuss strategies for abolition and organise under the Greater Caribbean for Life. [texte] => On 2 October 2013, the Greater Caribbean For Life, a coalition of individual activists and organisations from the region, was officially created. It formally adopted its constitution and elected its first Executive Committee.The launch was the result of the debates and discussions between activists and lawyers from 12 different countries. In their final declaration, they committed to “campaign towards the abolition of the death penalty, inclusive of creating a culture of promotion and protection of human rights”.Stop Crime, not LivesOn the eve of the creation of the network, a conference entitled “The Death Penalty in the Context of Public Security: Neither Right, Nor Effective” took place at the Faculty of Law of the University of West Indies, Trinidad. A day of intense and productive debates on several issues linked to the fight against the death penalty, such as youth mobilization, education, the fight against crime and the administration of justice, it prepared the ground for the strategy of the Greater Caribbean For Life.Among the speakers, Richard Blewitt, the UN Development Programme’s representative in Trinidad and Tobago, mentioned the people’s perception of security in the region. “A survey conducted among 1,000 Trinidad and Tobago citizens in 2011 found that 91% favour the death penalty, but only 26% support the mandatory penalty. Most of the respondents also said that more executions were the least likely policy to reduce violent crime,” he said.A powerful moment of the conference was the testimonies of three women from the Hope Support Group who lost their loved ones to crime. One of them, Merlyn Gowrie, said: “I don’t see why there should be the death penalty: my son is not going back to me. Do something about crime.”The conference was attended by more than 100 people from various nationalities and backgrounds (students, prisoners, prison guards, lawyers, diplomats, academics, journalists and activists). It received wide media coverage and helped raise awareness in a society where public opinion still strongly supports capital punishment.Watch and share the videos below in which five Caribbean activists talk about their daily fight against capital punishment:.image{float:left;}a.case{ display: block; height:100%;text-decoration:none;}#image1{display:block;width: 109px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en_01.jpg);}#image1:hover{width: 109px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en-hover_01.jpg);}#image2{display:block;width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en_02.jpg);}#image2:hover{width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en-hover_02.jpg);}#image3{display:block;width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en_03.jpg);}#image3:hover{width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en-hover_03.jpg);}#image4{display:block;width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en_04.jpg);}#image4:hover{width: 110px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en-hover_04.jpg);}#image5{display:block;width: 153px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en_05.jpg);}#image5:hover{width: 153px;height: 118px;background: url(http://www.worldcoalition.org/media/jm2103-map/en-hover_05.jpg);} World Day celebration in the CaribbeanThe two days marked the beginning of a series of actions to celebrate the 11th world Day Against the Death Penalty, which will focus on the Caribbean. Many events will take place in the region over the next two weeks including a film screening in Trinidad and a speaking tour organised by Amnesty International. The tour will bring the testimonies of Grenadian former death row inmate Selwyn Strachan and Puerto Rican lawyer and representative of murder victims’ families Kevin Rivera Medina across three countries: Grenada, Jamaica and Dominica.Photo: Francesca Donatelli [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Dominica [1] => Grenada [2] => Jamaica [3] => Puerto Rico [4] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2233] => Array ( [objectID] => 4590 [title] => Children of people sentenced to death attract the UN’s attention [timestamp] => 1379548800 [date] => 19/09/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/children-of-people-sentenced-to-death-attract-the-uns-attention/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2f9c61d9a84b90264471688a9d00ea00_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The UN Human Rights Council brought together representatives from civil society, States and the UN itself to discuss the rights of children whose parents are sentenced to death or executed. [texte] => “States which use the death penalty must think about its consequences on society as a whole, particularly the families of those sentenced to death or executed”, said Flavia Pansieri.The UN Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights laid down the foundations of the debate organised by the UN Human Rights Council on “The children of parents sentenced to death or executed”, held on 11 September at the Palais des Nations in Geneva.She also recalled that “in Resolution 22/11 this Council expressed its profound concern at the negative impact of the imposition or implementation of the death penalty on the rights of the children of parents sentenced to death or executed. You pressed States to give these children the protection and the assistance they need.”The panellists, members of civil society and academics, recalled the international standards in force applicable to children. They maintained that the superior interest of the child must be a primordial consideration in the choice of sentence.“We do not know how many are affected”Marta Santos Pais, Special Representative of the UN Secretary General on violence against children, said that “before today [the children of prisoners sentenced to death] were invisible in statistics and programmes. We still do not know how many are affected, who they are and how they are affected.”The Ambassador for Norway expressed the urgent need to examine the consequences of a criminal system using the death penalty on the children of prisoners sentenced to death: “We are convinced that the Human Rights Council is the appropriate place to discuss the death penalty.”Jan Wetzel, advocate on the death penalty with Amnesty International, made a speech on the minimal guarantees that retentionist States should provide for the families of those sentenced to death.Oliver Robertson, representative of Penal Reform International, explained that several aspects of the issue had still not been explored and that it might be useful to organise a meeting of experts.Exchange of good practiceThe debate continued within the framework of a parallel event organised by the permanent missions of Belgium, Montenegro, Norway and Switzerland, as well as the Quaker UN Office.The debate continued during the informal meeting and good practices to be developed to support the children of parents sentenced to death (the importance of visits) or those executed (the consequences of death and therapeutic assistance) were discussed.The work of Jordan’s National Centre for Human Rights (training for the police on the behaviour to adopt when faced with a child during arrests, work with the media) and Thailand’s National Human Rights Commission (encouraging visits) were cited as examples. Rachel Brett, representative from the Quaker UN Office, considered that “for countries where there is a moratorium on executions, the issue is even more important. If these countries are not ready to abolish the death penalty or establish a moratorium on death sentences, there is a tool available: commuting death sentences to imprisonment.”The death penalty on the agenda of the 25th session of the Human Rights CouncilThe panel was the opportunity for several States to reiterate their commitment to abolition. Spain pointed to the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty held in Madrid in June 2013. The representative from Poland recalled that the country recently ratified the UN Protocol on abolition of the death penalty.Other States recalled that the death penalty was a sovereign issue and that it was difficult to reach a general consensus. Thailand announced that it would hold a public debate on the question of abolition.The death penalty will remain on the agenda of the Council as, following the resolution presented by France, Benin, Costa Rica, Moldova and Mongolia, the 25th session of the Council, which will be held in February 2014, will include a high level debate on the issue of the death penalty and its universal abolition. The High Commissioner for Human Rights will also present a report on the results of the September panel. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2234] => Array ( [objectID] => 4591 [title] => Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago: abolish the mandatory death penalty for all crimes [timestamp] => 1379462400 [date] => 18/09/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/barbados-and-trinidad-and-tobago-abolish-the-mandatory-death-penalty-for-all-crimes/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e4777fc4c8993e10f0a2cbdc1c3b9647_2-500x211.jpg [extrait] => Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago are the only two countries that continue to hand down the mandatory death penalty for murder in the Caribbean. Sign the petition here. [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Barbados [1] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2235] => Array ( [objectID] => 4592 [title] => Guatemala: abolish the death penalty [timestamp] => 1379462400 [date] => 18/09/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/guatemala-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e4777fc4c8993e10f0a2cbdc1c3b9647_2-500x211.jpg [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guatemala ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2236] => Array ( [objectID] => 4593 [title] => World Coalition opens dialogue with Iraq [timestamp] => 1379289600 [date] => 16/09/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-opens-dialogue-with-iraq/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1aec62bab073be54f6b1b20c27260a96_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Iraq’s ambassador to Paris met representatives from the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty as the country has been accelerating the rhythm of executions. [texte] => Iraq’s history of dictatorship, war, foreign occupation and now internal violence with more than 4,000 people killed in attacks so far this year is the perfect illustration of what the World Coalition Against the Death regards as a difficult target country.On the one hand, Irak executed 129 people in 2012 and 67 so far this year according to Amnesty International figures. Once a beacon of civilization, the country is now among the world’s top executioners, side by side with its neighbor Iran, Saudi Arabia, the US and China – although the latter is leagues ahead.On the other hand, the abolitionist struggle is faced here more than anywhere else with a strong core of well known objections. You can hear them time and again from the mouth of those who favour the death penalty or accept it with a shrug as a necessary evil – in a war on terror, no leniency is deemed acceptable.This was again what Iraq’s Ambassador to Paris, Fareed Yaseen told us after he accepted to meet World Coalition representatives, President Florence Bellivier and Vice-president Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, on 11 September.For more than one hour, we talked serenely about the ambassador’s personal history as an exile and founder of an organisation supporting the victims of enforced disappearances – another scourge in Irak; about Iraqi President Jalal Talabani’s long-term inability to perform his duties; about the regrettable permanence of exceptional measures; about the return to policing techniques used under the old regime, and amounting to inhuman and degrading treatment; about the striking lack of reliable and accessible statistics about death sentences and executions.A treadmill of hasty executionsWe left this peaceful, constructive meeting with the feeling that we could open a dialogue with Iraqi civil society, and possibly with members of regional parliaments, on the scandalous treadmill of hasty executions engulfing dozens of persons each year.The violence of each individual case remains independent from the arguments defended in principle by the 145 member organisations – one of them Iraqi – in the World Coalition anywhere needed.Even if it was handed down after a fair trial, which is rarely the case even in the most sophisticated democracies, the death penalty would be a violation of the right to life and of every human being’s right to dignity. It is a State’s unbalanced right to kill an individual and its deterrent effect has never been demonstrated. On the contrary, it perpetuates an infernal cycle of violence. Detention conditions on death row often constitute inhuman and degrading treatment.The death penalty cannot win the war on terrorRegarding the Iraqi authorities’ legitimate concern with the security of the Iraqi people, it is worth noting that the death penalty never helped win any war on terror. On the contrary, those States that did get rid of terrorism achieved that result while abolishing capital punishment.This is why the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty will do everything it can to raise awareness among Iraq’s civil society of the absurdity of using the death penalty intensively. The country should have other priorities than playing with the life and death of its criminals, regardless of the dangerous, political nature of their crimes.Before such long-term, in-depth evolution and its prerequisite - a solution to religious tensions – can be achieve, the World Coalition urgently calls on the Iraqi authorities to adopt a moratorium on death sentences and executions, and to publish reliable statistics. As long as the president is not fit to sign execution warrants (a highly personal duty), the World Coalition calls on Iraq to stop the vice-president from doing so. How can a person’s life be balanced with the argument of constitutional continuity?Florence BellivierPresident of the World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyFIDH representative on death penaltyPhoto: BWJones [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2237] => Array ( [objectID] => 4594 [title] => Latest Japan execution violates UN guidelines [timestamp] => 1379289600 [date] => 16/09/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/latest-japan-execution-violates-un-guidelines/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7ca0a55609b9391707b51c1c6be6fb7a_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => World Coalition member organisation Center for Prisoners’ Rights condemns the execution of an elderly prisoner in Tokyo on 12 September. [texte] => On Thursday, 12 September, Japan’s Justice Minister Sadakazu Tanigaki ordered the execution of Tokuhisa Kumagai, aged 73, at Tokyo Detention Center.This is the third execution under the government led by Liberal Democratic Party which came back to power last December, and the latest execution has brought this year’s total number of executions to six. All were authorized by Minister Tanigaki (photo, right – with Prime minister Shinzo Abe).In Kumagai’s case, there was one victim, and Kumagai was first sentenced to life imprisonment. However, the prosecutor appealed to the High Court seeking the death penalty. The original sentence was subsequently replaced by the death penalty, which was confirmed by the Supreme Court.It must be said that this execution goes against the UN Human Rights Committee’s recommendations that ‘the death penalty should be strictly limited to the most serious crimes’ and ‘consideration should be given by the State party to adopting a more humane approach with regard to the execution of persons at an advanced age’.Read more from CPR’s statement… [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2238] => Array ( [objectID] => 4595 [title] => Calendar of events for World Day [timestamp] => 1378771200 [date] => 10/09/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calendar-of-events-for-world-day/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e4777fc4c8993e10f0a2cbdc1c3b9647_2-500x211.jpg [extrait] => On 10 October 2013, the World Day Against the Death Penalty is focusing on the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean. Browse the schedule and the map to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day. [texte] => The 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty is an excellent opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhumane punishment and to support those who are fighting for its abolition all over the world.> Browse the schedule below or click on the map to find out what is happening in your country:Enlarge map> Get in touch with the World Coalition to announce the events you are preparing for October 10 and we will promote them widely on the internet!> Find out more about the World Day and download posters, leaflets, tips to organise an event, etc.: http://www.worldcoalition.org/worldday [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2239] => Array ( [objectID] => 4596 [title] => Caribbean Conference – The Death Penalty in the Context of Public Security: Neither Right, Nor Effective [timestamp] => 1378684800 [date] => 09/09/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/caribbean-conference-the-death-penalty-in-the-context-of-public-security-neither-right-nor-effective/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/66119097abc122bf71716dee87937700_2-500x280.jpg [extrait] => To celebrate the 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to the Greater Caribbean, a regional conference is organised by local civil society in Trinidad and Tobago on October, 1st. [texte] => The conference will be the perfect time to :- Hear Prominent Caribbean & Worldwide Abolitionist Speakers at Plenary Session!- Participate in Lively Workshops!- Listen to Testimonies from former Death Row Inmates!- Listen to Testimonies from Representatives of Hope Support Group - the Healing/Transforming Ministry of Crime Victims!- Witness the Official Launch of the Greater Caribbean for Life!FREE Attendance, Register NOW!PROVISIONNAL AGENDA - Tuesday 1st October 20139am- Opening remarks- Leela Ramdeen, Member of The Greater Caribbean for Life & Chair of The Catholic Commission for Social Justice (TT)- Dr Lloyd Barnett- Declaration of Intent - on behalf of The Greater Caribbean for Life (Jamaica)- Carmelo Campo Cruz, The Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty- Mariana Nogales, World Coalition against the Death Penalty (Puerto Rico)9.30 am - 11.20 am: Plenary Session: Stop Crime, Not LivesChair: Mariana Nogales, Greater Caribbean For Life, Puerto RicoSpeakers:- Mr. Richard Blewitt, UN Resident Coordinator/ UNDP Resident Representative- Sophia Chote, SC, Vice-President of the Criminal Bar, TT- Sir Clare Roberts, former Attorney General and Minister of Justice and Legal Affairs for Antigua and Barbuda, member of the Inter American Commission on Human Rights until 2009, Antigua and Barbuda- Horace Levy, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica; researcher on urban violence; Coordinator of the “Peace Management Initiative”, Jamaica; and author of: Killing Streets and Community RevivalCultural entertainment: Ray Holman, musician, composer, pannist12.00- 12.45 TestimoniesChair: Mario Polanco, Greater Caribbean for Life (Guatemala)Speakers:- Andrew Douglas, former death row inmate, now lifer, TT- Rev. Ruth Gwenolyn Greaves and 2 or 3 women from Hope Support Group, her healing ministry in TT for mothers of children who have been killed through violence.- Selwyn Strachan, former death row inmate (Grenada)13.45 – 15.00 First workshop: How to build and mobilize civil society, including youths: Chair: Dr Lloyd Barnett (Jamaica)Speakers:- Carmelo Campos Cruz (Puerto Rico), member of the Greater Caribbean for Life & The Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty.- Ms. Fenella Wenham (Dominica)15.00 – 16.15 Second workshop: Theme: Communication strategiesChair: Elsworth Johnson, President, Bar Association, BahamasSpeakers:- Kevin Baldeosingh, Journalist, author and member of the Media Association of Trinidad and Tobago- Rev. Peter Espeut, journalist (Jamaica)16.15- 17.30 Third workshop: How to improve the administration of justiceChair: Gregory Delzin, Attorney at LawSpeakers:- Pamela Elder, SC, President of Trinidad and Tobago’s Criminal Bar- Carmen Aida Ibarra, Grupo pro Justicia, Guatemala17.30-18.00 Closing remarks- Leela Ramdeen, Member of The Greater Caribbean for Life & Chair of The Catholic Commission for Social Justice.Conference organised by:Greater Caribbean for Life, in partnership with:Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death PenaltyAlpha ChambersThe Catholic Commission for Social JusticeWorld Coalition Against the Death PenaltyCommunity of Sant'Egidio [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2240] => Array ( [objectID] => 4598 [title] => Suspension of Pakistan executions not enough – ADPAN [timestamp] => 1377129600 [date] => 22/08/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/suspension-of-pakistan-executions-not-enough-adpan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/232656cf0b3bf3e348f3a6d236530862_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The Anti Death Penalty Asia Network calls for the restoration of a formal moratorium after the government postponed a wave of executions under pressure from international abolitionists. [texte] => The Anti Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) “is appealing to the Pakistan authorities to halt all executions and institute a formal moratorium on the death penalty” in a statement published on 22 August 2013.On 18 August, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif (photo, right) announced a three-month stay of executions until a meeting has been held on this issue with President Asif Ali Zardari who opposes the death penalty. But President Zardari’s term ends on 8 September and the status of the death penalty in Pakistan after that date is uncertain.According to ADPAN, at least eight people were scheduled to be executed between 20 and 25 August and 8,000 more are on death row in Pakistan, including 450 at risk of imminent death if executions resume.Prime Minister Sharif failed to renew a five-year official moratorium on executions when it expired at the end of June, which caused international outcry.International human rights obligationsWorld Coalition members Human Rights Watch and the International Commission of Jurists sent an open letter to the Pakistani authorities on 18 August, urging them to “demonstrate its commitment to its international human rights obligations and renew the moratorium on use of the death penalty”.The letter pointed out that current legislation makes offences such as blasphemy and sexual intercourse outside marriage punishable by death, which violates Pakistan’s commitment under the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights to reserve capital punishment for the most serious crimes.ADPAN added that two of the prisoners facing imminent execution were juveniles at the time the crimes they were convicted for, despite Pakistan being a state party to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which prohibits the death penalty for offences committed by those under 18 years of age.In July, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, a member of both ADPAN and the World Coalition, wrote that the reasons behind the initial moratorium were still current: “The critical and well-documented deficiencies of the law, administration of justice, police investigation methods, as well as chronic corruption in Pakistan today have not at all improved since the time that the government first decided to suspend executions in 2008.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan [1] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2241] => Array ( [objectID] => 4599 [title] => Hands Off Cain: number of executions and retentionist countries down in past year [timestamp] => 1375056000 [date] => 29/07/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hands-off-cain-number-of-executions-and-retentionist-countries-down-in-past-year/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d40df3065e62c6193c347c03bdba05a0_2-500x297.jpg [extrait] => World Coalition member Hands Off Cain (HOC) presented its 2013 Report, ‘The Death Penalty Worldwide’ at its headquarters in Rome on 26 July. It recorded a sharp drop in executions. [texte] => The worldwide trend towards abolition, underway for more than 15 years, was again confirmed in 2012 and the first six months of 2013.According to HOC’s count, there are currently 158 countries and territories that, to different extents, have decided to renounce the death penalty. Of these:• 100 are totally abolitionist;• seven are abolitionist for ordinary crimes;• five have a moratorium on executions in place;• 46 are de facto abolitionist (i.e. countries that have not carried out any executions for at least 10 years or countries which have binding obligations not to use the death penalty).Countries retaining the death penalty worldwide declined to 40 (as of 30 June 2013), compared to 43 in 2011.In 2012, there were at least 3,967 executions, compared to at least 5,004 in 2011. The decline in executions compared to previous years is justified by the significant drop in executions in China, estimated to be down from about 4,000 in 2011 to about 3,000 in 2012.Hands Off Cain has more details on its website as well as an online database presenting country-by-country information from the report. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2242] => Array ( [objectID] => 4601 [title] => Stats show Iran executions are linked to political events [timestamp] => 1374019200 [date] => 17/07/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/stats-show-iran-executions-are-linked-to-political-events/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e2f54d64e6bb2f1cbb868a83697ec6b9_2-500x303.jpg [extrait] => Figures examined by World Coalition member organisation Iran Human rights show peaks in the use of the death penalty before and after each election. [texte] => After a short break while leading up to the June 14 presidential election, a new wave of executions began on June 20 in Iran.According to official media sources, 38 people have been executed in the last three weeks. Additionally, at least 44 executions have been reported by human rights groups in the same period, however these executions were not announced by Iranian authorities or the media.According to the official and unofficial reports, at least 82 prisoners have been executed in different Iranian cities during the three weeks that followed the June 14 election.The annual death penalty report published by Iran Human Rights for 2012 shows that between 70 to 80% of those executed in Iran are convicted of drug related charges.Iranian authorities have repeatedly claimed that the high number of executions in Iran is due to Iran’s struggle against international drug trafficking, since Iran is on the transit line between Afghanistan and Europe.Iran Human Rights (IHR) and other human rights groups have previously claimed that Iranian authorities use the death penalty as an instrument to spread fear among society, in order to prevent protests and to remain in power.Below IHR has analysed the relation between the number of executions and political events in Iran from 2007 to 2013. Only executions that have been announced by authorities are included in this analysis. The summary of the analysis is shown in the diagram above.The analysis shows:- the number of executions in Iran dropped significantly in the weeks leading up to the Presidential or Parliamentary elections (black vertical lines).- The months before and after the elections executions reached a peak.- The highest number of monthly executions took place in July 2009, the month when the post-election protests started.- A peak in executions is noticeable prior to when the protests are expected, such as the anniversary of the student uprising in 1999 (July 9, 18 Tir) and the anniversary of February 14, 2009 (25 Bahman).- Green vertical lines in the diagram indicate periods when the authorities fear uprisings.- The number of announced executions is low during the Persian New Year (Norooz, March) and the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. However, numbers are generally high around Christmas time and in January.IHR is currently conducting a more detailed analysis of the execution trends in the last decade in Iran. The results will be presented in the near future.Commenting on the present analysis Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, the international spokesperson of IHR says: "The present analysis indicates that there is a meaningful correlation between execution trends and political events in Iran. It seems that Iranian authorities occasionally choose the timing of executions in a coordinated and non-arbitrary manner. In general, execution numbers are high when authorities fear protests and the numbers are low when the world’s focus is on Iran."Regarding the low number of executions during the elections Amiry-Moghaddam says: "One possibility might be that during elections the authorities have to give more space to the public in order to encourage people’s participation in the elections. Additionally, during elections international journalists visit Iran one week before and after elections. However, in the weeks prior to and after the elections the number of executions reaches a peak." [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2243] => Array ( [objectID] => 4603 [title] => Malaysian popular support for mandatory death penalty overstated [timestamp] => 1373414400 [date] => 10/07/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/malaysian-popular-support-for-mandatory-death-penalty-overstated/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/55e655bd1dedf3b183e952b5a0aeb690_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => A detailed opinion survey commissioned by the Death Penalty Project in Malaysia found that while most people initially respond supportively when asked about mandatory death sentences, their opinion changes when confronted with practical cases and additional information. [texte] => When Prof Roger Hood of Oxford University asked more than 1,500 Malaysians whether they supported capital punishment, 91% said yes for murder, and between 74% and 83% approved for drug trafficking or firearms offences. But when he confronted them with a variety of scenarios consistent with capital crimes as defined in the statute book, only 1.2% said the culprit should be executed in all cases.Under Malaysian law, people found guilty of murder, transporting a minimum amount of narcotics or shooting at someone else must be sentenced to death. Judges are not allowed to take mitigating evidence into account.Although the number of executions has been declining steadily in Malaysia and a robust debate exists on the abolition of the death penalty, the perceived popular support for capital punishment has so far stopped politicians from making any changes to the law.Yet just like a previous opinion survey of Japan, also conducted by Prof Hood for the Death Penalty Project (DPP) with assistance from Dr Mai Sato, the study published on July 8 shows that popular support from the death penalty depends much on how the question is asked and on how much information is known to the public.Respondents “did not support a practice of mandatory death sentencing”Questionnaires administered by the independent market research company Ipsos went beyond initial questions on support for the death penalty and its mandatory application.“When confronted with 12 scenarios of real cases (each half of the sample dealing with six different cases of drug trafficking, murder and firearms offences) for which the penalty is mandatory death, only a small minority of Malaysians responded in a way that showed that they favoured this policy for all such cases,” the research found. “Just 1.2 in 100 considered that all the cases they judged were worthy of death. In other words, they did not support a practice of mandatory death sentencing where the circumstances of the case should be ignored whatever they may be. A fifth (22%) of respondents did not impose the death penalty for any of the cases they were asked to judge.”Although more than half of respondents thought mandatory death sentences should remain for all cases of murder, only 14% said the perpetrator in all murder scenarios presented to them should be executed. The rate was even lower regarding drug trafficking and firearms offences, which “would give strong support to those who believe that the death penalty could be abolished for both these offences without a public outcry,” Prof Hood wrote.Speaking at the launch of the study in Kuala Lumpur, Christopher Leong, the president of the Malaysian Bar Association, said: “We urge the Malaysian Government to study the results of the public survey carefully and to take steps to enhance the rule of law in Malaysia and firm up Malaysia’s international standing. The Malaysian Bar reiterates its call on the Malaysian Government to abolish the death penalty, and in the meantime for an immediate moratorium on its use pending its abolition.”Legislative change in neighbouring SingaporeThe Malaysian Bar, together with the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia and the National Human Rights Society of Malaysia, are among organisations that have long advocated for abolition in the country. Leong said recent legislative change in neighbouring Singapore, where death sentences are no longer mandatory for drug mules, was an encouragement to reduce the scope of the capital punishment in Malaysia.The DPP survey gave more arguments to local abolitionists, showing that popular support for the death penalty decreased further when people were given additional information such as the risk of executing innocent people.“While those who wish to retain the death penalty, known as ‘retentionists’, continue to call for the imposition of the death penalty, especially in relation to murder, rape and incest, the Malaysian Bar has consistently argued that there is no empirical evidence that the death penalty serves as an effective deterrent to the commission of crimes. Arguably, there has been no significant reduction in the crimes for which the death penalty is currently mandatory. This is particularly true of drug-related offences,” said Leong.The UK government funded the study and Raymon William Kyles, acting high commissioner of the United Kingdom to Malaysia, said at the launch: “We acknowledge that for many retentionist countries, neither the Government nor the majority of people will be ready to move straight towards abolition. But the journey can begin with a review of public sentiment, of the range of crimes which carry the death penalty, and of the mandatory nature of sentencing itself. And while it is going through that process, it can introduce a moratorium on the carrying out of such sentences.”Photo: Eric Teoh [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2244] => Array ( [objectID] => 4604 [title] => Pakistani authorities urged to renew moratorium [timestamp] => 1373241600 [date] => 08/07/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pakistani-authorities-urged-to-renew-moratorium/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7aca5c3d72bc0e60d0041fb8e41b9cb5_2-500x235.jpg [extrait] => The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, a World Coalition member, has called on the government formed following recent elections to suspend executions. A previous moratorium order has expired and many prisoners are at risk of being hanged.While the 2008 moratorium was introduced under the rule of the Pakistan People Party, whose former leader Benazir Bhutto was a well-known abolitionist, it expired shortly after Nawaz Sharif of the Pakistan Muslim League became Prime minister.Pakistan had already broken the moratorium when it executed a soldier in November 2012. [texte] => The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) has called upon the president and the prime minister to extend the informal moratorium on execution of death row prisoners after a presidential order suspending hangings expired on June 30.Expressing its concern over the presidential order not being reissued after its lapse, as had been the practice so far since 2008, HRCP said that with at least 8,000 death row prisoners in the country’s jails and thousands more charged with or being tried for death penalty offences, never have more lives been at risk of being snuffed out by the state in Pakistan."High probability of miscarriages of justice"The Commission wrote: “We wish to point out that not one of the pressing reasons for HRCP’s longstanding opposition to the death penalty in Pakistan have changed in any way since the government decided to put in place an informal moratorium on executions in late 2008. The critical and well-documented deficiencies of the law, administration of justice, police investigation methods, as well as chronic corruption in Pakistan today have not at all improved since the time that the government first decided to suspend executions in 2008. In the circumstances, capital punishment allows for a high probability of miscarriages of justice, which is wholly unacceptable in any civilised society, but even more so when the punishment is irreversible. Contrary to the much vaunted argument of deterrence, the systematic and generalised application of death penalty has not led to an improvement of the situation of law and order in the country. That has been borne out by research in several countries.”Immediate moratoriumHRCP said that it continued to call upon the government to adopt an immediate moratorium on executions in light of the serious shortcomings of due process and fair trial in the criminal justice system. It requested the president to immediately issue an order extending suspension of execution. In its letter to the prime minister, HRCP said that if the new government had decided to reverse the decision on suspending executions it must consider the numerous and pressing reasons for HRCP’s opposition to the capital punishment in Pakistan.Zohra YusufChairpersonIllustration: HRCP [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan [1] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2245] => Array ( [objectID] => 4605 [title] => United Nations panel hears from innocent sentenced to death [timestamp] => 1372896000 [date] => 04/07/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/united-nations-panel-hears-from-innocent-sentenced-to-death/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/bcbae8b41f61fa6c4403019dead9f773_2-500x375.jpg [extrait] => World Coalition members and a man who spent 18 years on death row for murders he did not commit joined UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon for a debate on capital punishment. [texte] => The United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights office organized on the second of a series of panel discussions on the death penalty on 28 June 2013. The event title was “Moving away from the death penalty – Wrongful Convictions”.UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon opened the event with the affirmation that “the taking of life in the name of justice is too absolute and irreversible”. He also anticipated that his next report on the question of the death penalty would focus on the secrecy surrounding capital punishment in some retentionist states.UN Assistant Secretary General for Human Rights Ivan Šimonovic moderated the discussion, which focused in particular on the case of the West Memphis Three. One of the panelists was Damien Echols, who was sentenced to three capital charges of murder and freed after 18 years on death row. Although his innocence was proven, he had to plead guilty to a crime he did not commit to obtain a lighter sentence.Echols said: “I was sentenced to death not once, not twice but three times and the judge read these three death sentences in a monotone voice like it was just another day at the office, while for me it was like being punched in the head three times.”He also described the tortures he suffered in prison, denouncing a system that does not work and that is not up to the standards expected of those states that still retain the death penalty.Prof Brandon L. Garrett, author of Convicting the Innocent: Where the Criminal Prosecutions Go Wrong, also addressed judicial flaws in the US.Wrongful convictions in Asia, the Caribbean and AfricaSaul Lehrfreund presented wrongful convictions and failures of the judicial system in Asia, the Caribbean and Africa. The co-executive director of the Death Penalty Project, a World Coalition member organization, stressed the difficulties faced by lawyers in countries such as Malawi or some Caribbean states.He said that even if the judicial systems of retentionist countries could be perfected in an ideal world, the death penalty would remain a form of torture that should be abolished.The Secretary General’s presence was an answer to calls to generate discussion on the death penalty at the UN by High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay. She has stated her opposition to the death penalty in all cases, citing “the fundamental nature of the right to life; the unacceptable risk of executing innocent people by mistake; the absence of proof that the death penalty serves as a deterrent; and… the inappropriately vengeful character of the sentence.”The panel followed a 2012 debate on the death penalty that focused on lessons from national experiences. Speakers at the first event had included Kirk Bloodsworth of Witness to Innocence and Maiko Tagusari of the Center for Prisoners Rights, both World Coalition member organisations.The discussion will continue in the lead up to the 2014 report of the Secretary General to the UN General Assembly on the application of resolution calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, and to a possible fifth resolution on the issue.The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights will conclude this series of panel discussions on Moving away from the death penalty by addressing two other major issues in the capital punishment debate: deterrence and discrimination. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2246] => Array ( [objectID] => 4606 [title] => Texas maintains distance from abolitionist trend after 500th execution [timestamp] => 1372896000 [date] => 04/07/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/texas-maintains-distance-from-abolitionist-trend-after-500th-execution/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/89d02cf605d8bda87f7d9fb741cc2c91_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => 52 year-old black woman Kimberly McCarthy was executed on 26 June and became the 500th prisoner put to death since Texas restored the death penalty in 1982. [texte] => McCarthy had been convicted and sentenced to death in 1998 for the murder of her 71-year-old neighbour. Her defence lawyer argued black jurors were improperly excluded from the trial, but the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals rejected the claims, ruling they should have been raised earlier.Abolitionists including activists with World Coalition member organization Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty held vigils across the state as McCarthy received a lethal injection.Her death was symbolic because executions of women are extremely uncommon (she became the 13th woman executed in the US since 1977).It also goes against the tide in the current debate over wrongful convictions, which has encouraged an increasing number of states to stop executions.“Unseemly milestone”Kimberly McCarthy is the 8th prisoner executed in Texas this year and 7 others have executions scheduled in the coming months.The number of executions in Texas now stands at 500 since capital punishment was reinstated in the US in the late 1970s.“It is the first state to reach this unseemly milestone, with current Governor Rick Perry playing a major part, having presided over 260 executions (also a record),” World Coalition member organisation Death Penalty Focus remarked in a statement.Texas’s death penalty record dwarfs that of any other state: Virginia comes second with 110 executions.“Texas’ 500th execution is sobering, but the movement to replace the death penalty is only speeding up. The death penalty is prohibitively expensive, it’s taking away resources from programs that actually improve public safety, and we’re sentencing innocent people to die,” Death Penalty focus added.Photo: mlsnp/Flickr [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2247] => Array ( [objectID] => 4607 [title] => Nigeria resumes executions despite strong mobilization by local NGOs [timestamp] => 1372896000 [date] => 04/07/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/nigeria-resumes-executions-despite-strong-mobilization-by-local-ngos/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4dbfe38f632bd3daab1441ee99d5847e_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => After a seven-year moratorium, four men were hanged on 24 June and other executions are being planned. [texte] => Despite strong mobilization by Nigerian human rights organisations, four men were hanged in Benin City Prison (Edo State) on Monday 24 June. A fifth man is facing a firing squad in the coming days after he was sentenced to death by a military tribunal under military rule in Nigeria before it returned to democracy in 1999.Nigeria had not carried out any executions since 2006 and the news caused outrage among civil society.President Goodluck Jonathan (photo) has recently told governors to proceed with pending executions. The Legal Defense and Assistance Project (LEDAP), a World Coalition member organisation, had lodged an appeal with the Federal High Court on behalf of the four executed men.“Under the Nigerian laws, an appeal and application for stay of execution should restrain further action until the appeal is determined. By executing the prisoners, Nigeria government has demonstrated gross disregard to the rule of law and respect for the judicial process,” LEDAP’s national coordinator Chino Obiagwu said in a statement.Another World Coalition member in Nigeria, the Human Rights Law Service (HURILAWS), also condemned the breach of Nigeria’s moratorium and quoted the federal attorney general’s opinion against “violating it because it will attract sanctions from the United Nations”.“We agree with the attorney general that the death penalty, which though is no longer in use in Nigeria, is anachronistic and not an effective deterrent to crimes,” HURILAWS said in a statement.Nearly 1,000 prisoners are on death row in Nigeria and 59 were sentenced to death in 2012. A majority had been sentenced by military tribunals before 1999, when the fairness of trials was seriously in doubt.Photo: World Economic Forum/Flickr [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria [1] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2248] => Array ( [objectID] => 4608 [title] => 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1372291200 [date] => 27/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/5th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8b1dc530339b5c4e5921660649d18efd_2-1-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty took place in Madrid between 12-15 June 2013. During three days, it united members of international civil society, politicians, and legal experts to elaborate abolitionist strategies for the years to come at the national, regional, and international levels, and to send out a clear message to the world: that universal abolition is essential for a world where progress and justice must prevail. [texte] => Final declaration by the participants in the 5th World Congress against the Death Penalty Resolution by the Core Group of countries supporting the World Congress against the Death Penalty Call for the creation of national parliamentary networks against the death penalty (in French)The World Coalition and its members have taken part in the preparation of the Congress's academic programme. Read more below about key issues debated by the participants.Frontline regions in the fight against the death penalty: Asian progress paves the way for new strategies North Africa and Middle East between progress and frustrations Tackling resistance to abolition in Africa European Union regrets difficulties in dialogue with BelarusVideo testimonies from around the world: "Love and compassion" rather than the death penalty - Murder victim's grandson India executions are politically motivated - Navkiran Singh UN rapporteur alarmed by death penalty situation in Iran Belarusian activist Valentin StefanovicFocus on defence lawyers: Chinese lawyers hailed as “heroes for justice” New defense manual to help lawyers in capital cases worldwide Call for world lawyers to unite against the death penaltyStrategies and tactics to further the abolitionist cause: Shedding light on judicial blunders can help achieve abolition Linking the death penalty and torture to achieve abolition After abolition: what alternative to the death penalty? Small progress against the execution of minors Two perspectives on assistance to foreign nationals facing the death penalty NGOs: how to work with international bodies? Teaching abolition: educational resourcesDuring the Congress, the World Coalition also elected new decision-making bodies.The 5th World Congress was organised by the French association Ensemble contre la peine de mort (Together Against the Death Penalty – ECPM) under the sponsorship of Spain, Norway, Switzerland and France and in partnership with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.The 5th World Congress against the Death Penalty was also financially supported by the European Union, the International Organization of the Francophonie, the Governments of Germany, Sweden, Australia, Argentina and Luxembourg, the Principality of Monaco, the Paris Bar-Solidarity Fund and the Ile de France region. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2249] => Array ( [objectID] => 4609 [title] => Tackling resistance to abolition in Africa [timestamp] => 1371859200 [date] => 22/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/tackling-resistance-to-abolition-in-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/8ec068568f2dc09523f79985e2733c35_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => While Africa has been the fastest region in abolishing capital punishment in recent years, lawyers from Uganda and Nigeria say they are facing increasing from the authorities to use the death penalty. [texte] => Despite a powerful testimony by former Ugandan death row prisoner Edward Mpagi proving that wrongful convictions pose a high risk of executing innocents, Ugandan lawyer Frederick Ssempebwa told the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty that his country was trying to widen the scope of the death penalty.“The bill against homosexuality, which includes the death penalty and is being debated in parliament, is quite a retrograde step,” he said.One avenue explored by Ugandan abolitionists is to challenge the constitutionality of mandatory sentences, which force judges to apply the death penalty without considering mitigating evidence.“This could be a big step as many people on death row because of mandatory sentences,” Ssempebwa said.International advocacy and the trend that has seen many African countries abolish the death penalty in the past decade do help Ugandan activists. “Recently, a military court trying a man accused of multiple murders did not apply the death penalty on account of the global initiative to abolish the death penalty. This is very encouraging,” he said.Religious radicalism in NigeriaSpeaking on behalf of the Nigerian World Coalition member organisation Legal Defence and Assistance Project (LEDAP), Chino Edmund Obiagwu said his country, too, was facing a rising number of capital cases.Some 12 Nigerian states have introduced Sharia law carrying new capital offences such as adultery and apostasy. “This was done only to attract sympathy from Muslim populations,” Obiagwu said, adding that the death penalty did not exist in African customary law nor in traditional African interpretations of Islam.Meanwhile, violence linked to the Islamist sect Boko Haram has led the authorities to respond with more capital cases. “The problem is that the definition of terrorism is broad – it includes those who finance it,” he said.LEDAP has been responding with litigation in the courts and lobbying to call for a moratorium on executions.“Africans value life and its sacredness,” Obiagwu said. “But when 12,000 people are killed, they become statistics and people don’t value life anymore.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria [1] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2250] => Array ( [objectID] => 4610 [title] => Chinese lawyers hailed as “heroes for justice” [timestamp] => 1371859200 [date] => 22/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/chinese-lawyers-hailed-as-heroes-for-justice/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4b55098dc76d937b3d0845a44d08828b_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The role of lawyers in the fight against the death penalty has been discussed from different angles throughout the 5th World Congress, but the testimony of Chinese lawyers caught most people’s attention. [texte] => Lawyer and law professor Teng Biao told participants to the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty of the difficulty of being a defence lawyer in capital cases in China.“The practice of annually inspecting lawyers’ licenses is like the sword of Damocles hanging over all lawyers,” said the founder of the “China Against the Death Penalty ” network, who has been at the forefront of the abolitionist movement in China. He said bar associations were not independent and renew all lawyers’ licences every year – a document without which it is impossible to work.“Alternatively, they can overtly threaten human rights lawyers and prevent them from presenting sensitive cases,” Teng added. Another problem faced by many attorneys is the accusation of falsification of evidence or “perjury by lawyers”.Lawyers' rights not guaranteedLawyers’ rights including the right to see their client, have access to the relevant files, investigate a case for evidence, cross examine in court and make defence statements, are often not guaranteed. Lawyers have also been sent to re-education through labour camps, prisons, or subjected to forced disappearance or torture when working on sensitive cases.Liang Xiaojun, a lawyer and member of China Against the Death Penalty, stressed that Teng Biao himself was taken into temporary custody on the eve of the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Later on, his lawyer's license was revoked by the authorities and in 2011, during the “jasmine revolution” following the Arab Spring, he was arrested by the authorities and secretly detained for 70 days during which he was subjected to inhumane treatment.Former French justice minister and of International Commission Against the Death Penalty member Robert Badinter called lawyers who defend prisoners at the risk of their physical integrity « heroes for justice ».Focus on death penalty cases and unfair trialsMore than 85% of executions worldwide occur in China, which makes the task of local lawyers gigantic. Their strategy is to focus on cases involving confessions under torture, self-defence, lack of evidence or mental illness to raise public awareness and improve the standards for fair trials.Lawyer Liu Weiguo introduced three cases on which lawyers have been working in China to reduce the use of the death penalty. In one of them, Zhao Zuohai was sentenced to death in 2002 for the murder of Zhao Zhenshang.On 8 May 1998, a headless decaying corpse was discovered in their village. The local police identified it as Zhao Zhenshang and arrested Zhao Zuohai on suspicion of murder. Between 10 May and 18 June 1999, Zhao Zuohai confessed nine times. On 30 April 2010 Zhao Zhenshang returned to the village alive.The case attracted a lot of public attention, resulting in improved policy on the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence. “Our exposure through the media and social networks of these cases got a lot of public support. From these cases, you can see there is the danger of the death penalty”, Liu said.“The lawyers face a lot of difficulties and their impact in death penalty cases is limited in general. But with their persistence in procedural rights, with the power of internet media, the lawyers can still make a difference,” he added.Role of the international communityExchange of good practicesTeng Biao also spoke at a workshop about legal representation in capital cases and the launch of a new manual for lawyers who defend people facing the death penalty.Sandra Babcock, author of the manual, asked him what the international community could do to support their work. He answered that it was very important to publicise cases and information about the death penalty in China.He also recommended supporting lawyers through training and exchanges of good practices and information, especially when they face pressure in China. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2251] => Array ( [objectID] => 4611 [title] => World Coalition elects new decision-making bodies [timestamp] => 1371772800 [date] => 21/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-elects-new-decision-making-bodies-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has elected a new Steering Committee and a new Executive Board to serve for two years. [texte] => During its General Assembly held on the morning of the opening of the 5th World Congress against the Death Penalty in Madrid, the World Coalition elected 20 member organizations to its Steering Committee. The term of service is two years.> Check the list of new Committee membersThe statutory meeting also saw the adoption of the 2012 accounts and balance sheet, the 2012 activity report, the provisional budget and orientation report for 2013 as well as a modification of the By-Laws.> If you are a member, log on to the Extranet to read these documentsThe new Steering Committee met just after the closing ceremony of the World Congress, on Saturday 15 June 2013 and elected from among its members an Executive Board made of five people: Florence Bellivier (Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l'homme - FIDH) Elizabeth Zitrin (Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights - MVFHR), Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan (Ensemble contre la peine de mort - ECPM), Jacky Hortaut (Collectif unitaire national de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal) and Mostafa Znaidi (Organisation marocaine des droits humains - OMDH). The Treasurer, Jacky Hortaut, and the President, Florence Bellivier, were re-elected for a second term of two years. In accordance with the by-laws, Ms Zitrin, Mr Chenuil-Hazan and Mr Znaidi will serve as Vice PresidentsThe Executive Board, under the delegation of the Steering Committee, has the responsibility for the general control, management, governance and legal issues concerning the non-profit association. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2252] => Array ( [objectID] => 4612 [title] => Asian progress paves the way for new strategies [timestamp] => 1371686400 [date] => 20/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/asian-progress-paves-the-way-for-new-strategies/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/71f1088c9d07a5c747ef83ee4396bf34_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Although most executions continue to take place in Asia, their number is going down – and abolitionists are coming up with new ideas to bring about abolition. [texte] => Bhutan, Nepal, Cambodia and the Philippines are the four Asian countries which have abolished the death penalty in domestic law, with Mongolia in the process of following suit after it ratified the UN Protocol on the death penalty, according to the regional overview author and academic Prof Roger Hood gave the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty.“Part of the public still thinks it is not right to abolish the death penalty,” Mongolian presidential advisor Sosormaa Chuluunbaatar said to explain her country’s choice to repeal capital punishment through international law. “Yet the right to life is a fundamental right, which does not depend on any state,” she added.The Mongolian presidency found this argument easier to pass in parliament than a purely national debate. No more mandatory death for drug mules in SingaporeThe case of Singapore also illustrated progress in Asia, with Pervais Jabbar of the World Coalition member organization Death Penalty Progress explaining how the city-state recently abolished mandatory death sentences for drug couriers. Those sentences were controversial “in that they were mandatory (excludes mitigating circumstances) and outside the category of most serious crimes,” Jabbar said.His organization worked on the case of Yong Vui-Kong, a 19-year-old Malaysian sent to death row for possession of more than 50g of heroin, and brought several legal challenges against his sentence.“Our challenges failed, but they had an influence in the recent decision to remove the mandatory death penalty for drugs. This is a new way to look at case law,” Jabbar said.He also noted the emergence on large-scale online petitions during that campaign – a new way of taking action in a country where freedom of expression is limited.“What we do is go to court and bring challenges. That’s not enough. There needs to be sensitization and media campaigns for us to have a chance in court,” he said, citing the organization of Asian activists in the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network among the factors making this new type of campaigning possible. Political motivations in Japan and IndiaThe picture of the death penalty situation across the region, however, was far from being all positive.“Thirteen Asian countries are without a moratorium on executions. That proportion is far behind the rest of the world,” Prof Hood said. He added that although China had seen a sharp decrease in executions since judicial reform in 2007, secrecy laws still surrounded the death penalty there.Japanese lawyer Maiko Tagusari, of the World Coalition member organization Center for Prisoners’ Rights, demonstrated the politicization of capital punishment in her country.While Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) politicians had made abolitionist promises in the past, she said the bureaucrats blocked their efforts. After the 2012 election, DPJ lost their majority to the Liberal Democratic Party. “As soon as he was appointed, Sadakazu Tanigaki authorised several executions,” Tagusari said. “It seems he was appointed to authorize the execution of specific criminals, including members of the cult responsible for the Tokyo metro nerve gas attack,” she added, fearing more hangings.India, too, has seen a resumption of executions with two hangings in the past year. While previous presidents had left mercy petitions pending, authorizing hardly any executions since the 1980s, India’s new head of state Pranab Mukharjee has rejected 13 mercy pleas. Navkiran Singh, an attorney with World Coalition member organization Lawyers for Human Rights International, believes this, too, is politically motivated:Yug Chaudhry, another Indian lawyer, told the Congress that the Indian authorities had admitted to carry out the two recent executions secretly “to prevent people from stopping them in the courts – which is astonishing in a democracy”.He added that Indian abolitionist lawyers were developing new litigation strategies. “We used to think once the president or the governor had rejected a mercy petition, it was over.We’re now bringing challenges that go to the heart of the decision by the president.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India [1] => Japan [2] => Malaysia [3] => Mongolia [4] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2253] => Array ( [objectID] => 4613 [title] => Linking the death penalty and torture to achieve abolition [timestamp] => 1371686400 [date] => 20/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/linking-the-death-penalty-and-torture-to-achieve-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/29b3d883973d999ce64c592aea11b2c5_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Recognising the process from sentencing to execution as a form of torture would ensure progress towards abolition in international law as well as in the US. [texte] => “Considering the death penalty as torture in international law would not be another step, it is the ultimate step to establish that the death penalty is illegal all the time, everywhere and under any circumstance,” Sylvie Bukhari-de Pontual, president of FIACAT (a World Coalition member organisation) told the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty.International jurisprudence, including that of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, considers the absolute prohibition of torture to apply at all times to all states, even those that have not ratified international conventions against torture.Although United Nations reports have established close links between the death penalty and torture, Bukhari-de Pontual regretted that “human rights bodies are still avoiding this question and talk about ‘cruel, degrading and inhuman treatment’” instead.Yet Vincent Warren, executive director of the US-based Center for Constitutional Rights (another World Coalition member), left no room for doubt. He said clinical studies of people sentenced to death had demonstrated the existence of a “death row syndrom” including four disorders: sense of helplessness and defeat, sense of diffuse danger, emotional emptiness and loneliness, and decline in mental and physical acuity.“Each lays the foundation for torture. What else would it take to convince the states that it is effectively torture?” Warren asked.That is before physical detention conditions are considered: according to Warren, the average temperature on Louisiana death row – the only part of the prison without air conditioning – is 102°F (39°C) and prisoners are forced to sprinkle themselves with water from the toilets.John Bessler, a professor of law at Baltimore University, underlined the “Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde character” of American law on this issue. While the US has banned corporal punishment such as whipping or ear cropping and guarantees the protection of prisoners against ill treatment, it still allows them to be executed. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2254] => Array ( [objectID] => 4614 [title] => EU regrets difficulties in dialogue with Belarus [timestamp] => 1371340800 [date] => 16/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/eu-regrets-difficulties-in-dialogue-with-belarus/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b0954bd8b02ef301ddfd24ead4de1883_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => European Union officials and Belarusian activists denounce Minsk’s lack of political will to tackle the death penalty. [texte] => The representatives of the European institutions who had gathered for the 5th World Congress against death penalty said they were satisfied with the resolution on Belarus which had been approved on their initiative by the UN Human Rights Council on June, 13th.Through this document, Brussels reaffirmed its position against the only state where the death penalty is applied on the continent. Despite the European Union’s (EU) willingness to support abolition in the country, it has been proved very difficult to establish a productive dialogue with Minsk.Valentin Stefanovic (video, left), representing Viasna – one of the rare active human rights associations in the country – shares Brussels’ frustration even though that doesn’t prevent him from continuing the fight from within.The Belarusian activist declared that the main obstacle to abolition had nothing to do with the population’s alleged support of the death penalty, but rather with the absence of any political will to launch a complete reform of the system.“Since data is often manipulated, we don’t need another poll to know whether society favors this practice or not,” he said. “We have to educate, train and supply the population with the right tools so that it can make up its own mind. The problem is that this issue is no longer at the center of debates.” 48 executions since 2000The current legislation in Belarus includes 12 capital crimes. Following the dark 1990s, during which more than 300 executions were carried out, the number of executions dropped to 48 between 2000 and 2013 thanks to the introduction of life prison sentences in the criminal code.The country’s authorities maintain a political culture of secrecy. The families of those convicted do not receive any information regarding the date and place of the execution and do not get their relatives’ bodies back.The European institutions joined Valentin Stefanovic’s request for a moratorium on executions. To act, Brussels has a large number of instruments at its disposal. “We resort to public diplomacy, to the practice of “naming and shaming” (which consists in clearly condemning the practices we do not share). We also have a delegation in Minsk that frequently files complaints on human rights violations,” Antonis Alexandridis, a member of the European External Action Service, explained.A very strict policy“We are not always specific and determined enough in our role of Human Rights leader,” Antonis Alexandridis declared. “However we implement a very strict policy regarding the death penalty. With all due respect to our interlocutors, this issue is still at the heart of our conversations.”Luigia de Gisi, the Director of the European Commission’s Death Penalty Program, recalled nonetheless that EU institutions can only actively support local initiatives and that it is up to each country itself to achieve abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2255] => Array ( [objectID] => 4615 [title] => Call for world lawyers to unite against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1371254400 [date] => 15/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-for-world-lawyers-to-unite-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ea3c163608ab4b41ce9257d00f20d712_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The Paris Bar Association (a World Coalition member) and its Beirut counterpart have called on lawyers worldwide to increase efforts to defend those facing the death penalty and to push for its abolition. [texte] => The appeal was launched at the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Madrid, during which the World Coalition and its partners launched a new manual to help defense attorneys facing capital cases worldwide (download in the right column).Resolution on the death penaltyBar associations’ mobilizationWe, the Paris Bar and the Beirut Bar, with the support of the Spanish lawyers’ Foundation, on the occasion of the 5th World Congress against the Death Penalty which is taking place in Madrid from 12 to 15 June 2013,State that:-The Bars’ role is to protect legal practice freedom and to contribute to the reinforcement of the rule of law;-Bars and professional organizations of lawyers have a major role to play in working towards the abolition of the death penalty as well as the moratorium establishment and;-Are expected to participate to the abolitionist discourse in conjunction with the retentionist countries' authorities.Call the Bars and professional organizations of lawyers worldwide:To pursue:-Suitable legal aid for those facing the death penalty taking into account their particular vulnerability and ensuring a defense worthy of the name;-A debate on the scale of penalties within their legislative system;-A national and international discussion on the abolition of the death penalty;-The ratification of the regional and international abolitionist treaties without derogation or reserve;-The adoption of a new resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty framework by the General Assembly of the United Nations.Call the Bars of the retentionist countries:-To promote the reduction of the scope of the death penalty in their criminal Code;-To ensure compliance with the guarantees enjoyed by those facing the death penalty;-To support lawyers defending people facing the death penalty;-To support the adoption of a moratorium on executions as a first step towards the abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2256] => Array ( [objectID] => 4616 [title] => After abolition: what alternative to the death penalty? [timestamp] => 1371254400 [date] => 15/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/after-abolition-what-alternative-to-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cd5ea7e7b4b3330e066289b2c0fab48f_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Ending the death penalty means finding replacement sanctions to punish former capital crimes – while taking into accounts human rights standards. [texte] => By replacing the death penalty by life in prison without the possibility of parole, countries that abolish capital punishment risk perpetuating inhumane punishment, experts said at the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty.Yet they acknowledged that abolitionists must also take into account the concerns of those who fear that abolishing the death penalty may lead to impunity.“With an irreducible life sentence, just like the death penalty, you will die in prison,” said Dirk Van Zyl Smit, professor at Nottingham University and member of the International Academic Network for the Abolition of Capital Punishment (REPECAP).“Irreducible life sentences reduce the humanity of those punished in such a way,” he added, citing inconclusive rulings by European human rights bodies on this issue. While international case law has not forbidden life without the possibility of parole, the European Court of Human rights has found that the loss of hope to be ever released was illegal.Moroccan law professor Mohammed Bouflaza remarked that a variety of alternatives exist in various countries, from those that limit the number of years an individual can spend in prison to those that impose multiple successive life sentences.Constance de la Vega, a law professor from San Francisco and member of the Human Rights Advocates, argued in favour of offering a parole process to prisoners who received life sentences.“Going through the parole process makes people show that they are now going to be a productive member of society,” she said. She added that paroled prisoners were found to be less likely to re-offend than those who were released after a fixed prison term.“Public opinion believes abolition means impunity”However, the dean of Kinshasa University Law School in DR Congo, Raphaël Nyabirungu, warned that “public opinion believes the abolition of the death penalty means impunity – with reason, considering the state of our prison administration”.He said that in a country lacking basic prison facilities, the public did not expect jail terms to be effectively served.“We should not only push for abolition, but also for prisons to be built and detention conditions to become decent,” he said.A vivid confirmation of how tricky the issue of alternative sanctions can be came from the audience when the victim of a terrorist attack in Morocco said: “I oppose the death penalty, but I’m in favour of life prison terms.”Mohammed Bouzlafa replied that in a North African context, those issues should be addressed step by step. “Abolition is a goal in itself and the alternative is live in prison without parole. If we achieve this in Morocco, we will need to have a second debate on penalties.” He argued that at that stage, the best option would be to increase the roles of judges specialising in enforcing sentences. “They should take a variety of criteria into account including age, gender and health,” he said.Andrea Huber of World Coalition member Penal Reform International concluded the debate by insisting: “In communication with the public, it is crucial not to say that this person will be released, but that there will be a possibility of release.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2257] => Array ( [objectID] => 4617 [title] => Small progress against the execution of minors [timestamp] => 1371168000 [date] => 14/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/small-progress-against-the-execution-of-minors/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d9d4ef32b0d7ffc34e9d91760c8be354_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => These are merely the very first steps down the road, but Iran, Sudan and Yemen, the only countries to apply the death penalty on juvelines along with Saudi Arabia, have just made some small progress on the issue. [texte] => There is still, however, a long and arduous way to go before achieving the complete abolition of capital punishment for minors. All the experts who spoke during the 5th World Congress for the abolition of death penalty sing the same song: for every case, they noted that Islamic law had been misinterpreted.In Yemen, at least two people were executed last year even though their age at the time of the crime had not been properly established and despite the fact that the legislation clearly forbids the death penalty should any doubt remain on that matter.According to Abdel Debwan Said Sharabi, from the Ministry for Work and Social Affairs in Yemen, the main problem lies with the fact that only 22% of births are recorded, thus explaining how difficult it is to determine the age of the defendant. “Lawyers try to take advantage of legal loopholes for the benefit of minors – we lack transparency regarding the evidence,” he said.Yet, he feels confident about the future and underlines some of the authorites’ initiatives such as the implementation of a program aiming at improving birth records and the creation of a commission which will conduct more thorough investigations whenever a doubt concerning the age of person facing the death penalty remains.Iran’s new criminal codeIran has also made some progress in that area, as timid as they may be. Lawyer Leila Alikarami declared: “The new criminal code contains a few improvements. However, this new legislation still won’t be enough regarding several aspects.”It is true for instance about the age of criminal responsibility which, to top it all, is not the same for girls and for boys – under the current legislation girls can be tried as adults from the age of 9 versus 15 for boys.“In a country where the judicial authorities are not independent and about a hundred children are still on death row, this appears as a very serious issue,” the lawyer added.Leila Alikarami also revealed that minors frequently stay in prison until they are of age so that the execution may be carry out afterwards, apparently in compliance with international standards.Haitham Shibli, from Penal Reform International, indicated that in Sudan, associations offering legal assistance and acting as mediators to facilitate conciliation between the convicts and the victims’ families were created. Still, this expert acknowledged that at least seven child soldiers are currently being held in the country and face the risk of being executed. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [1] => Sudan [2] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2258] => Array ( [objectID] => 4618 [title] => Shedding light on judicial blunders can help achieve abolition [timestamp] => 1371168000 [date] => 14/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/shedding-light-on-judicial-blunders-can-help-achieve-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9d3cda4b8719a0a0c3e161b5bb614a97_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Several organizations are condemning executions of innocent people because of wrongful convictions. [texte] => “One morning 20 years ago, as I was still asleep, my name came up in the newspapers. It was said that I had killed someone. Under torture, I confessed to a crime I had nothing to do with. I was so depressed that I truly considered committing suicide,” one man declares.“I spent 11 and a half years on death row while I was innocent,” adds another. “It was extremely difficult for me to reintegrate into society, people kept rejecting me,” finishes the last one.In Taiwan, these three former convicts who had been sentenced to death are known as the “lucky trio”. Indeed, they had the chance to get out of prison alive after the mistakes which had led to their convictions were revealed. They know however that not everyone will be so lucky.This is why various organisations from all over the world fight to shed light on these cases in order to support the abolitionist cause.The participants to the 5th World Congress against Death Penalty, who gathered in Madrid, Spain until June 15th, are raising the alarm: giving the wrong verdict is a possibility, it is therefore necessary to act before it is too late. A turning point has been reached in TaiwanThe case of the Lucky Trio is a turning point for the fight against death penalty and action to raise the awareness of the population in Taiwan. Chang Chuan-Fen, a writer and board member of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (a member of the World Coalition), explains that in her country, crime is often considered as a moral insult: “Some people think that a person is necessarily sentenced to the death penalty because he or she deserved it. But today, we are starting to take into account the possibility that miscarriages of justice can happen.”In Taiwan, 53 people are currently on death row. “Miscarriages of justice are part of the capital punishment system,” Chang Chuan-Fen insists. Tunisian transitionSamy Ghorbal, a journalist, writer and the head of a research mission on the death penalty in Tunisia for World Coalition member organisation ECPM has pooled evidence on similar cases: “It is the first time that a research mission is allowed to enter Tunisian prisons. We hope that our work will contribute to humanize this plague and raise awareness among the population.”His book, Buried alive, is an account of that mission. “We chose this communication strategy to target a wider public than a report would have done. We know that we won’t change the population’s views on the matter overnight, but we can try and alert them,” he says.Ghorbal is fully aware that the transition in Tunisia is not yet over and that there is still a long way to go before completing it.Former death row prisoner Kirk Bloodsworth (photo above, video left) shares his point of view: he managed to prove his innocence and was the first person sentenced to the death penalty who was cleared by a DNA test in the US. Kirk Bloodsworth now works for the organisation Witness to Innocence – a member of the World Coalition – and is involved in a project to give people access in his situation to genetic testing so that they can prove their innocence.Since 1976, 142 innocents have been released from death row in the US. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Spain [1] => Taiwan [2] => Tunisia [3] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2259] => Array ( [objectID] => 4619 [title] => Two perspectives on assistance to foreign nationals facing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1371081600 [date] => 13/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/two-perspectives-on-assistance-to-foreign-nationals-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/577b88d750bd7dc83abcc9e8db85da7a_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => World Coalition member Reprieve and the Mexican government share their experience of helping those facing a capital case overseas. [texte] => A European NGO and a Latin American state may appear to be worlds apart, yet the British-based World Coalition member organisation Reprieve and the Mexican authorities have a common goal: save the lives of those prosecuted away from their home countries, especially in the US.Zara Brawley detailed the process followed by Reprieve when a European national is prosecuted for a capital crime in a retentionist country:• “We look for family ties abroad.”• “We conduct mitigation investigations (e.g. history of mental illness…), look for medical experts who can draft reports, etc.”• “Legal strategies include legal submissions, for example the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.”• “We occasionally conduct litigation in Europe – for example we did to impose a ban on lethal injection drugs exports.”• “We encourage diplomatic intervention from European governments whose nationals are involved, which can tilt the balance, even before they are charged. The decision to seek the death penalty can be political, and when the prosecution realises that it will be more trouble than it’s worth, they may drop it.”• Reprieve also pushes the country of origin of the accused to provide consular assistance. “The holy grail for us with consular outreach is to obtain financial assistance for the prisoner. The capital punishment is about capital: if you can pay for a good lawyer, you’re far less likely to be sentenced to death.”• In those cases where it is deemed to offer a positive impact, Reprieve may also attract media attention to the prisoner.Reprieve was involved in a number of cases, such as that of Anthony Farina, who was sentenced to death in the US for a robbery in which his brother shot someone dead. “We found he had Italian nationality through his grandparents, which he was not aware of,” Brawley said. The organisation is now looking for support to defend the argument that Farina did not pull the trigger and should therefore not be sentenced to death.Mexico has largest number of nationals on foreign death rowsVictor Uribe, a lawyer at the Mexican embassy in the US, explained that his country has the largest number of nationals on foreign death rows; 143 of them are in the US.Although the Vienna Convention on consular relations states that a foreign national must be informed of his right to contact his country’s consular officials immediately after arrest, the Mexican authorities found that this had been the case for only 8 of its nationals on death row in the US. “In 2003, we filed an international lawsuit against the US for violating the Vienna Convention in the cases of 54 Mexican nationals,” Uribe said.Since 2000, Mexico has organised a formal programme to detect and assist Mexicans facing the death penalty abroad. “According to our experience, when the Mexican government steps in at the right time, which is during preliminary investigations, fewer than 1% of Mexicans involved receive a death sentence,” Uribe said. He added the number of Mexicans sentenced to death had been divided by five since the programme started.Consular officials ensure those prosecuted have access to services as basic as interpretation of proceedings into their language. “I talked to the interpreter in a case I was following: he could not speak Spanish,” Uribe said. “We requested a qualified interpreter.”In addition to individual assistance, the programme includes research on topics associated with criminal prosecution, such as discrimination. “We have found that many Mexican convicts are poor, mentally ill or are drug addicts,” Uribe said.The Mexican administration also conducts investigations on Mexican soil to track down the families of those facing the death penalty in the US and help them obtain visas and funding to visit them in prison, he added. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mexico [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2260] => Array ( [objectID] => 4620 [title] => North Africa and Middle East between progress and frustrations [timestamp] => 1371081600 [date] => 13/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/north-africa-and-middle-east-between-progress-and-frustrations/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/78395d633f71bae33e75e9248650bb3f_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Shaken up by revolutions and conflicts, the southern shores of the Mediterranean are more than ever enticed for abolition – but opposition is fierce. [texte] => “The situation regarding the death penalty is not seamless in the region,” said Amina Bouayach, Moroccan Vice-Chairperson of the International Federation for Human rights (FIDH), to set the tone of the North Africa-Middle East session at the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty.A gap seem to separate the disappointment of the attorney and Egyptian militant Nassr Amin – “The question of death penalty did not evolve much since the revolution” – and the abolitionism clearly displayed in the message sent to the attendees by the Tunisian President Moncef Marzouki – “We are by your side, we are against the death penalty, this barbaric institution.”Throughout the region, abolitionists from the Arab Spring are facing stern opposition.In Morocco, Houria Es-slami, representative of the National Human Rights Council, reported indisputable progress, with new articles in the constitution guaranteeing the right to life and physical integrity. “They constitute a foundation to prepare for the abolition of the death penalty”, she said.And yet, the kingdom is still not abolishing it and keeps on abstaining in votes on the UN General Assembly calling for a moratorium on executions.The same frustration is felt within the Algerian national institution for human rights CNCPPDH, whose chairperson Mustapha Farouk Ksentini notes “a very violent opposition to the abolition of the death penalty from those who are defending religious precepts and those who are shocked by terrifying crimes, especially against children”. In this respect, the CNCPPDH’s strategy aims at reducing the scope of the death penalty rather than abolishing it.“Thinking on prison management” According to the Lebanese Member of Parliament Ghassan Mouhkeiber, brainstorming on the abolition of the death penalty in the region must broaden up to take into account other issues disturbing society. For instance: “The families of the victims are scared that a criminal will escape from a poorly managed prison. We must reflect on prison management”.In a Middle East torn by conflicts in Syria and in Palestinian territories, Mr Moukheiber notes that “we are located in a region where there is a tendency to devalue life.” He offered to address this trivialization through better cooperation between Arabic-speaking activists so that they can share their experience on practices and arguments that have worked – or not – in a given country.Religious arguments have also a significant weight, at a time when Islamist political parties are claiming power in several countries.For Tunisian philosopher and anthropologist of the Koran Youssef Seddick, defending the death penalty in the name of Islam is a “manipulation”. “The Lex Talionis (law of retaliation) does exist in the Koran, but we have drifted from a thorough reading of the Koran to mere recitation: this law is not good for the Muslims, it is clearly written”, he explained.He added that the holy book of the Muslims encourages them to gain redress from the criminal and to forgive him/her.More generally, Youssef Seddick recommended removing religion from the rules governing the relationships between humans: “We need to separate legislative matters, which are horizontal, between us, and religious ones, which are more vertical, between God and the one who prays.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria [1] => Lebanon [2] => Morocco [3] => Spain [4] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2261] => Array ( [objectID] => 4622 [title] => World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1370995200 [date] => 12/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e82557bea4f933114defd0ff1b32540f_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The World Congress is taking place in Madrid between 12-15 June 2013. During three days, it unites members of international civil society, politicians, and legal experts to elaborate abolitionist strategies for the years to come at the national, regional, and international levels, and to send out a clear message to the world: that universal abolition is essential for a world where progress and justice must prevail. [texte] => The World Coalition and its members have taken part in the preparation of the Congress's academic programme. Read more about key issues debated by the participants: Video: "Love and compassion" rather than the death penalty - Murder victim's grandson Chinese lawyers hailed as “heroes for justice” Tackling resistance to abolition in Africa European Union regrets difficulties in dialogue with Belarus Shedding light on judicial blunders can help achieve abolition North Africa and Middle East between progress and frustrations New defense manual to help lawyers in capital cases worldwide (UPDATE: download the manual) Call for world lawyers to unite against the death penalty Linking the death penalty and torture to achieve abolition Asian progress paves the way for new strategies After abolition: what alternative to the death penalty? Small progress against the execution of minors Video: India executions are politically motivated - Navkiran Singh Video: UN rapporteur alarmed by death penalty situation in Iran Two perspectives on assistance to foreign nationals facing the death penalty NGOs: how to work with international bodies? Teaching abolition: educational resources World Coalition elects new decision-making bodiesFollow the Congress as it happens with our live feed below: Live feed !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+"://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs");The 5th World Congress is organised by the French association Ensemble contre la peine de mort (Together Against the Death Penalty – ECPM) under the sponsorship of Spain, Norway, Switzerland and France and in partnership with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.The 5th World Congress against the Death Penalty is also financially supported by the European Union, the International Organization of the Francophonie, the Governments of Germany, Sweden, Australia, Argentina and Luxembourg, the Principality of Monaco, the Paris Bar-Solidarity Fund and the Ile de France region. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2262] => Array ( [objectID] => 4623 [title] => How to work with international bodies? [timestamp] => 1370822400 [date] => 10/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/how-to-work-with-international-bodies/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d260465d8b8b61441edf9f428ae35f58_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition is taking part in a workshop on mutual work relationships between international organisations and civil society at the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty. Here are tips for activists who would like to work with UN and regional bodies. [texte] => Since 2007, successive UN General Assembly resolutions calling for a moratorium on executions have established the death penalty as an issue of international law and human rights. Yet this is not the only opportunity for interaction between abolitionist groups and international organisations.The death penalty being not just a matter of national law but also an issue of human rights protection opens multiple avenues for civil society to submit reports about it to UN human rights bodies.Human Rights Council (3 sessions a year)The Human Rights Council is a UN inter-governmental body responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the world. The Council may address the death penalty on several occasions:- when debating the annual report of the Secretary General on the death penalty. Civil society can feed the report by submitting inputs by the end of March;- when adopting Universal Periodic Review reports on retentionist countries (see below);- when debating and adopting reports by the special rapporteurs on torture and on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions. The special rapporteurs rely heavily on information from civil society.Universal Periodic Review (3 sessions a year)The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a unique process through which the Human Rights Council reviews the human rights records of all 193 UN member states once every four years.Civil society can act in several ways: - submit information to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) for the stakeholders report, a 10-page summary of comments by a wide range of observers;- participate in national consultations held by the state under review in order to compile its national report or encourage the state to hold such consultations;- approach other states and encourage them to make specific recommendations and to ask certain questions during the UPR. Human Rights Committee (3 sessions a year)The UN Human Rights Committee is the body of independent experts that monitors the implementation and interpretation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and its two optional Protocols.The Committee seeks information from civil society on all areas covered by the ICCPR. It is especially interested in receiving information on those issues that the state report does not cover in sufficient detail. NGOs may attend the Committee sessions at which State reports are under review as observers as long as they apply to the secretariat for accreditation, but they may not speak during state reviews.Committee Against Torture (2 sessions a year)The UN Committee against Torture is the treaty body of 10 independent experts that monitors the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.The Committee receives information from NGOs at different stages of the reporting process and meets with them before examining state reports.The implementation of those bodies’ recommendations is both the most important and the most challenging part of the process. There are several ways for NGOs to be involved in the follow-up.National NGOs can inform local public opinion about the recommendations accepted by the state and its commitments in front of UN bodies, for example through press releases.To encourage their implementation, NGOs can then promote a national dialogue on the recommendations and lobby the authorities to ensure that concrete steps are taken.Civil society may also raise the death penalty issue by submitting information to OHCHR to feed the Secretary General’s report on the death penalty presented before the UN General Assembly every two years.The UN Office on Drugs and Crime collects information, including from NGOs, for the report of the Secretary General on capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. The report is presented to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice every five years (next in 2015).The UN’s Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)’s annual session may also discuss the death penalty and NGOs with ECOSOC observer status can participate in the work of this body.Finally, NGOs should encourage other UN departments such as the UN Development Programme or the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to address the issue of the death penalty when dealing with justice and security sectors reforms.At the regional level, civil society can use several mechanisms.African UnionNGOs can address the African Commission for Human and People’s Rights (two sessions a year) and provide information for the report of the Working Group on the Death Penalty. They can also submit shadow reports on the three countries reviewed at each session.Organisation of American States The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, both of which are organs of the Organisation of American States (OAS), are responsible for overseeing compliance with the American Convention on Human Rights. Sessions of the Commission are closed to the public but both NGOs and individuals can request a hearing, which takes place alongside the session. Any individual, group of people, or NGO legally recognized in at least one OAS member state may file a petition in cases of violations of human rights. The Inter American commission has recently been more active on the death penalty.Council of Europe The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe continues to monitor the capital punishment issue although all its member states have abolished it. It conducts a dialogue on a range of issues including the death penalty with membership candidate Belarus and has extended its action to countries enjoying observer status with the Council, such as Japan and the United States. The CoE has a special rapporteur on the death penalty.European UnionThe main channel of collaboration between the EU and civil society on the death penalty is linked to funding provided by the European Commission for anti death penalty work.The European External Action Service has a focal point on the death penalty and NGOs can work with that person to provide information and influence EU policies on this issue.Organisation for Security and Cooperation in EuropeThe Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE-ODIHR) meets once a year and produces an annual publication entitled The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area, which is usually released at the OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meeting. This is intended to provide a comparative overview of the use of the death penalty throughout the OSCE region on the basis of information provided by the participating states themselves. NGO can submit information to the ODIHR and participate in the OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meeting. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2263] => Array ( [objectID] => 4624 [title] => Inside Tunisia’s death row [timestamp] => 1370304000 [date] => 04/06/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/inside-tunisias-death-row/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2fd36c7f1a6cf4c33b10fc905625ee7c_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Following the launch of the investigative report Buried alive: a study of the death penalty in Tunisia is launched, ECPM’s Middle East and North Africa officer Nicolas Bray presents the research carried out in December 2012. [texte] => The first investigation conducted by Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM, a World Coalition member) in the Arab World was based on interviews with 32 people on death row or formerly sentenced to death in Tunisia. Tunisian journalist and writer Samy Ghorbal led the research, which associated the Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty and the International Association for the Support of Political Prisoners and serves multiple purposes:- it is an information tool profiling those who handed down and received death sentences. It describes detention conditions as “appalling, especially in terms of overpopulation”;- it is an advocacy tool exposing the social and geographical discrimination in the use of the death penalty. Nicolas Braye highlighted that one in four interviewees came from the deprived Siliana region, which explains the title used for the Tunisian edition of the publication: “The Siliana syndrome: why the death penalty should be abolished in Tunisia”. The study also reveals cases of innocents sentenced to death, including that of Maher Manai;- it is a decision-making tool, which includes recommendations to the Tunisian authorities: open a national debate on abolition, ratify, the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty, reinstate unanimous sentencing in capital cases;- it is a mobilisation tool for Tunisian anti-death penalty activists.Nicolas Braye is confident that “the investigative report and the case of Maher Manai will be covered by Tunisian media as a whole”. He stressed how important it was to publicise it in Tunisia first, through a communication campaign and joint efforts with ECPM’s local partners who can thus appropriate and use the publication.Circulation at World Congress and World DayBeyond Tunisian borders, the investigation will be presented at the World Congress in Madrid. ECPM also plans to launch an Arabic version on World Day Against the Death Penalty (10 October 2013) to reach a wider audience. “We will circulate the Arabic version to our partners across the countries of the region to show an example of a practical campaigning tool, which can be used for advocacy in activism against the death penalty and to raise awareness among the general public,” Nicolas Braye said.When schools go back in September, ECPM will join forces with the Arab Institute for Human Rights and the French Institute in Tunisia to conduct educational action in secondary schools on the death penalty, again using the report.ECPM also has plans to follow up on the investigation after its circulation. On the one hand, the organisation will monitor whether the authorities follow any of its recommendations and the situation improves. On the other hand, local organisations will need support to reintegrate pardoned prisoners into the community after some of them spent 20 years on death row.Further research to identify innocents among those sentenced to death is also on the cards. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2264] => Array ( [objectID] => 4625 [title] => “Catastrophic” conditions on Lebanon’s death row [timestamp] => 1369958400 [date] => 31/05/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/catastrophic-conditions-on-lebanons-death-row/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cb8bb7fdab5d443d9b6c05cd685b9851_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => Ogarit Younan is a co-founder of the Lebanese Association for Civil Rights, which has just joined the World Coalition. She takes stock on the death penalty and abolitionist progress in Lebanon. [texte] => There have been no executions in Lebanon since 19 January 2004. Yet the death penalty still exists in Lebanese law and around 60 death row prisoners are awaiting their execution date.Most of them are jailed in Roumieh central prison. The detention conditions there are “catastrophic”, according to Ogarit Younan, who has been campaigning for human rights and against violence for 30 years.Ogarit Younan is the founder of the Academic University for Non-violence & Human Rights (AUNOHR).In 2003, she founded LACR with non-violent thinker Walid Slaybi and lawyer Hani Feghali. The organization has been visiting prisoners regularly and collects annual statistics for Amnesty International on people who are “poor, deprive of any legal aid, and whose human rights are constantly violated”.Since the launch of the National Campaign for the Abolition of the Death Penalty in 1997, LACR has been pursuing two goals:- get the Parliament to pass legislation abolishing the death penalty;- establish a culture of abolition through awareness-raising and education in society. The idea is to influence mentalities and prepare new generations to non-violent alternatives. To achieve this, LACR has developed a pioneering programme in schools, training sessions for activists and innovative educational material including a manual.“Struggle on the streets”Ogarit Younan has fond memories of the fervent abolitionist demonstrations that took place in the late 20th century. “That struggle on the street will need to resume at the right moment,” she said, full of hope.She added that the parliamentary elections scheduled in June do not constitute an opportunity for this. The candidates have been avoiding to mention abolition in their programmes. This is not a priority in a country where the wounds of war are still present. “We will create the right moment after these elections,” she said.She recalled the positive opinion surveys conducted among MPs in 2001 (74% in favour of abolition) and in 2009 (68%), which prove that steady and incremental work will push Lebanon towards abolition.International solidarityAccording to Ogarit Younan, joining the World Coalition means taking one step further towards abolition. She highlighted the importance of international solidarity: “Sticking together is a global, human and political need,” she said.As academics and writers, she and Walid Slaybi can share their knowledge of the death penalty: “A world coalition is useful if members decide learn from each other and bring each other something.”Joining will also help LACR lobby local political and religious leaders to accept the UN resolution on a universal moratorium on executions and, the Parliament to pass legislation.LACR now needs to conduct larger-scale activites with a wider media coverage to achieve a stronger impact. In early 2013, it began to work with ECPM, another World Coalition member organisation, on a programme to strengthen the National Campaign Against the Death Penalty in Lebanon. The project has received funding from the European Union until mid-2014 and covers four objectives:- abolitionist education in schools;- widening and strengthening the national coalition;- political lobbying;- publications;- international participation in the World Coalition and in the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty.Photo: Ogarit Younan leads a workshop on the abolition of the death penalty (source: deathpenaltylebanon.org) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2265] => Array ( [objectID] => 4626 [title] => New defense manual to help lawyers in capital cases worldwide [timestamp] => 1369785600 [date] => 29/05/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/new-defense-manual-to-help-lawyers-in-capital-cases-worldwide/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/90b24545434df9bb331e5fb453f01e52_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition, together with Death Penalty Worldwide and the law firm of Fredrikson & Byron P.A., has launched the English and French editions of a manual compiling guidelines for defense lawyers whose clients face the death penalty at the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => Some 30 lawyers from 15 countries with experience in capital cases, most of them in World Coalition member organizations, packed the 114-page booklet with practical information ranging from the search for mitigating evidence to the preparation of an appeal before international bodies.Following the World Congress, the manual will be enriched with experience from Arab- and Chinese-speaking countries and translated into their language.Sandra Babcock, director of Death Penalty Worldwide and Professor at the Center for International Human Rights, Northwestern University School of Law in the US, is the lead author of the manual. In this interview, she explained that most attorneys need guidance when faced with a capital case – sometimes very basic. “Many lawyers around the world don’t take the time to meet their clients before the day of trial,” she said.Photo above: Criminal lawyers get ready for a capital trial in Kinshasa (DR Congo) in 2011. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2266] => Array ( [objectID] => 4627 [title] => Death penalty proposals put lives at risk [timestamp] => 1369267200 [date] => 23/05/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-proposals-put-lives-at-risk/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1f61ca59ee559cbac8c36b4543517f31_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => At least ten people under sentence of death will be at risk of execution if legal amendments to facilitate the resumption of executions are passed in Papua New Guinea. [texte] => The Government of Papua New Guinea has announced that Parliament will imminently debate these draft legal changes. Executions have not taken place in the country since 1954.The Attorney General has announced that he will be tabling a Bill this week to facilitate implementing the death penalty. Another Bill to expand the scope of the death penalty to crimes including sorcery-related murder and rape is also expected to be discussed.Moves to implement and expand the use of the death penalty were announced by the government as part of a series of measures aimed at addressing the situation of law and order in the country, following highly publicised and brutal sorcery-related killings and rapes of women.The law currently allows for death penalty by hanging for crimes including treason, piracy with use of force and wilful (premeditated) murder.The death penalty violates the right to life as recognized in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment.A resumption of executions and expansion of scope of the death penalty in Papua New Guinea would be an extremely retrograde step, and would set the country against the global trend towards abolition.It also runs counter to recommendations, including in recent United Nations General Assembly resolutions on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, to reduce the number of offences for which the death penalty may be applied.Amnesty International is calling on the public to write to the Papua New Guinea authorities.Click here to find out more29 May 2013 updateAccording to ADPAN, on 29 May, "the Papua New Guinea Parliament passed laws extending the death penalty for rape, murder and robbery. The law also appears to provide for new methods of execution, including lethal injection, hanging, electrocution, firing squad and death by deprivation of oxygen". [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Papua New Guinea ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2267] => Array ( [objectID] => 4628 [title] => Death penalty still used to make examples in North Korea [timestamp] => 1368921600 [date] => 19/05/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-still-used-to-make-examples-in-north-korea/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/302ea3856388c8a9f95057655a1b218a_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => An investigation of testimonies from North Korean refugees by FIDH describes the political use of widespread executions – although their number remains secret. [texte] => A new investigation of the death penalty in North Korea by the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH, a World Coalition member) concludes that “the death penalty in the DPRK is applied in total opacity, in a way that, in addition to violating the right to life, is an arbitrary deprivation of life”.An FIDH delegation interviewed refugees fleeing the Pyongyang regime as well as the South Korean organisation assisting them. Tolekan Ismailova, director of Kyrgyz FIDH affiliate Citizens against Corruption, Speedy Rice, law professor at Washington & Lee University School of Law, Marie-Orange Rivé-Lasan, associate-professor of Korean contemporary history at Paris Diderot University and FIDH consultant Sarah Mahir visited Seoul in December 2012.They collected testimonies exposing the constant use of the death penalty in North Korea since the 1990s against an ever larger and fuzzier range of crimes. “In spite of recent legal reforms, the death penalty may therefore still be carried out for a large number of crimes, sometimes defined in broad and vague terms. Moreover, there is a lack of guarantees to protect citizens from abusive or arbitrary use of the death penalty,” the investigators wrote.“Political crimes”Marie-Orange Rivé-Lasan said that there were two categories of capital crimes in North Korea: murders and “political crimes against the cult of the Great Leader, which are more subjective and easier to use against perceived enemies”. She added that waves of executions, some held in public, have been used to impress the population.Watch her video interview below to find out more on FIDH’s mission to Korea, the use of the death penalty to make examples and capital punishment under new North Korean leader Kim Jong-un:Rivé-Lasan added that although many North Korean refugees have witnessed public executions, few were asked about the death penalty when they arrived in South Korea. “One person we interviewed started to cry because this was part of their past, but they had never had a chance to talk about it,” she said.Some witnessed interviewed by FIDH said they were rounded up in primary school and forced to watch executions.To find out more, download the report here. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2268] => Array ( [objectID] => 4630 [title] => Study explores variety of national paths to abolition [timestamp] => 1367539200 [date] => 03/05/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/study-explores-variety-of-national-paths-to-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9486a0416ec4fd92086aa87246264e12_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => From courageous political leaders to traditional African values, the International Commission against the Death Penalty’s analysis of the factors leading to the abolition of capital punishment in 13 countries offers advice to retentionist countries. [texte] => The brief history of abolition in 12 countries and two US states published on 15 April 2013 by the International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP) shows that there is no single path to end capital punishment and identifies a variety of options for countries that still use the death penalty.While some states moved very quickly from carrying out executions to enshrining abolition in their constitution, others took gradual steps such as a moratorium on death sentences and executions, the reduction of the scope of the death penalty or the progressive adoption of international law instruments.Political leadershipIn most cases, the authors found that “abolition of the death penalty requires political leadership”, which is “very important in overcoming national opposition”.This is illustrated by the chapter on abolition in France, where then president François Mitterrand and justice minister Robert Badinter led the Parliament to vote overwhelmingly in favour of abolition in 1981 while “60-65% of the French people favoured capital punishment”.Among those leaders who steered their state towards abolition, the report found increasing evidence that the risk of using capital punishment against innocent people was a key argument. “The execution of an innocent person stands as anathema to our very sensibilities as human beings,” former New Mexico governor Bill Richardson, now a member of ICADP, said after repealing the death penalty in his state in 2009.Mongolian president Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj is another illustration of strong political leadership in favour of abolition. After his election in 2009, he began to commute all sentences, then imposed a formal moratorium on the death penalty. Yet president Elbegdorj’s example also shows that international law can be a useful tool to national leaders: in 2012, Mongolia abolished the death penalty by acceding to the UN Protocol on the death penalty – an easier path than reforming national legislation, which is not complete to this day.“Marking a break with a repressive past”The study also found that abolition “is often associated with marking a break with a repressive past, as happened at the end of apartheid in South Africa, the end of the Duvalier regime in Haiti, the aftermath of the genocide in Rwanda and a ceasefire and peace agreement after massive human rights violations in Cambodia”.The ICDP’s analysis of the role played by various actors including government officials, the courts, the media, professional organisations, religious bodies and NGOs concluded that “opposition to the death penalty is not exclusive to any particular region, political system, world religion, culture or tradition”. For example, “once free of colonisation, traditional values about the sanctity of life in some African cultures influenced developments against the death penalty in countries such as Senegal and South Africa”.The report contains many other examples obtained by researchers from a wide array of sources. “In February 2013, ICDP organised a meeting of experts in Geneva to discuss steps states can take towards abolition of the death penalty. That meeting brought tougher death penalty experts from academia, intergovernmental organisations and non-governmental organisations and the discussion informed this document on how states abolish the death penalty,” said ICDP president Federico Mayor.The authors now hope that the report will help retentionist countries find their own path to abolition. “The purpose of this publication is to give examples of how governments have proceeded in abolishing capital punishment and to provide lessons learned for states considering such a move. The aim has been to provide sound, practical and relevant steps that will inspire states to abolish the death penalty,” Norwegian foreign affairs minister Espen Barth Eide wrote in the report’s foreword. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Cambodia [1] => Haiti [2] => Mongolia [3] => Norway [4] => Rwanda [5] => Senegal [6] => South Africa [7] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2269] => Array ( [objectID] => 4631 [title] => Ten films to expose innocence on death row [timestamp] => 1367193600 [date] => 29/04/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ten-films-to-expose-innocence-on-death-row/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/c2deee9cb6d8f7ce4ab5928223154118_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => One For Ten is a series of short documentary films telling the stories of innocent people who were on death row in the United States, with support from the World Coalition and several of its members. [texte] => Over the course of five weeks, our very small team (of four) will drive 4,500 miles across America, producing two films a week for immediate online release.We are making the films in this way to make sure the project is as interactive as possible; we’re asking our audience to read about each of the exonerees we’re visiting and suggest questions as well as give us feedback on the films as they’re released. All of the films are free to watch and free to share.The death penalty was reinstated in the US in 1976 and since then, 142 people have been found innocent, exonerated and released from death row.When directors Will Francome and Mark Pizzey began looking at the statistics, they discovered that for every ten people executed in America, one person is proved innocent and released. “That just seemed like an unacceptable level of failure for such an irreversible punishment,” they thought.Insights into wrongful convictionsHence One For Ten was born. The idea behind the project was to create a series of short, easily accessible films that would allow people to get a good overarching insight into the recurring themes that lead to wrongful conviction.Each of the ten films examines a different one of those themes – such as prosecutorial misconduct, racism, eyewitness misidentification – and tells the story of a different person who was sentenced to death as a result of one or more of those factors.Two weeks ago we set off in our camper van to meet the people whose experiences we believe the world needs to share in.DNA testingSo far, we’ve made four of our ten films, and had the honour of meeting Kirk Bloodsworth, Joe D’Ambrosio, Delbert Tibbs and Damon Thibodeaux. You can read more about all of the exonerees taking part in the project on our website here.Our first stop was Philadelphia, where we met Kirk Noble Bloodsworth, America’s first DNA exoneree. Kirk was sentenced to death in 1985 for the rape and murder of a young girl in Maryland before the advent of DNA testing. A long struggle ensued to get the evidence tested and prove his innocence.Kirk is now advocacy director at Witness to Innocence. He was instrumental in Maryland’s recent abolition of the death penalty and will speak at the World Congress Against the Death Penalty in June.Hear Kirk’s story in his own words:Our next stop was Cleveland, Ohio, where we met Joe D’Ambrosio who spent 22 years on Ohio’s death row. We talked to Joe about the challenges exonerees face after being released; from finding a job to renting an apartment, from finding a partner to gaining the acceptance of your neighbours. Joe tells us more here:From Cleveland we travelled on to Chicago, where we spent the day with Delbert Tibbs. Delbert found himself on Florida’s death row because of mistaken eyewitness identification.His trial, in which an all-white jury convicted him of raping a white girl and murdering her travelling companion, took all of a day and a half to sentence him to death. After two years of struggle, he was finally released. Delbert shares his story:From Chicago, we ventured up to Minneapolis, encountering serious snow and cold along the way. There, we met Damon Thibodeaux, who has only been off death row for seven months. Damon shared his story of falsely confessing to the murder of his cousin, and gave us some shocking insight into the interrogation techniques he encountered.He spent 15 years on death row in Angola prison, before DNA proved him innocent and he was released last year.Damon talks us through his experience:We are currently $6,000 short of our minimum budget. If you want to help us make sure all ten stories get told, please donate here. All of our films are available freely online and we do hope people will share them far and wide, make use of them in the classroom, in seminars, at conferences, all over the world. We think these stories have the power to effect real change and put the death penalty under the spotlight across the globe. Join us on our journey at www.oneforten.com. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2270] => Array ( [objectID] => 4632 [title] => Taiwan visit tarnished by six executions [timestamp] => 1366848000 [date] => 25/04/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/taiwan-visit-tarnished-by-six-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2065405202dbdbe44fe8814f98cdda61_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The meeting of the World Coalition Steering Committee on 12 and 13 April 2013 in Taipei, attended by twenty people, was tarnished the same week by the execution of six prisoners sentenced to death, even though high-level assurances had been given by the State with regard to reducing such barbarous acts. [texte] => The Taiwanese member of the World Coalition, the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP), organised the trip extremely well.On the first evening, a meeting was organised with diplomats from the European Union stationed in Taipei, followed by an friendly reception by Taiwanese abolitionists and the president of the TAEDP, Hei-Yuan Chiu.In terms of official appointments, the first meeting was held with Ambassador Rong-chuan Wu, in charge of relations with NGOs at the ministry for foreign affairs. The diplomat’s answers to the questions put by Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, vice-president of the World Coalition, and various speakers on the reasons why executions continue did not lead to a change in position.The diplomat said that he was “concerned by the issue of the death penalty” and he was certain that evolution was “inevitable”. Asserting furthermore that Taiwan respected human rights, he hid behind public opinion which favours this most extreme punishment.The most solemn moment was the meeting with President Ma Ying-jeou. Greeted by the guard of honour at the presidential palace, the members of the Steering Committee took their place in a reception hall where the young and dynamic head of state had invited the press.Talks were then held behind closed doors. The Taiwanese leader, surrounded by a group of advisers, answered the preliminary remarks of World Coalition president Florence Bellivier to vigorously assert that Taiwan was doing everything possible to “reduce the number of executions”.“Most of the population” in favour of death penalty according to the PresidentThe head of the executive nevertheless indicated that his country “maintained the death penalty as most of the population was in favour”. He justified Taiwan’s retentionist policy by the fact that life imprisonment was not part of the Criminal Code and abolition of capital punishment would be seen by the population as an encouragement to criminality.President Ma dodged questions from the World Coalition’s president on why he has not used his right to pardon prisoners sentenced to death once an execution order has been signed.At the ministry of justice, responding to the remarks of World Coalition vicep-president Elisabeth Zitrin, the deputy minister, Chen-huan Wu, did not reveal any softening in the position on executions which had nonetheless been frozen during the moratorium from 2005 to 2010.“The law forces us to execute prisoners,” he said. He did not answer questions on the right of court-appointed lawyers to have the resources to accomplish their task or on when the Commission on the death penalty would resume its work.1.5 sq. m. per prisonerThe visit to the detention centre in the capital Taipei lifted the veil on a prison housing 3,000 prisoners even though it only has a capacity of 2,100, where eight to nine detainees are crammed into each cell, leading to overcrowding (1.5 sq. m. per person).During the lightning quick visit, the World Coalition delegation was able to see detainees working in several workshops, such as the bakery, whose products are sold commercially. However, death row and the execution chamber were closed to all visitors.That prison is home to high-profile death row prisoner Chiou Ho-shun, who received a capital sentence for the murder of a child 25 years ago. His case and that of African-American journalist Mumia Abu Jamal present many common points. Jacky Hortaut, a member of Collectif Mumia and of the World Coalition's executive board, raised this case on several occasions including at the meeting with President Ma (photo), who said a new trial may take place after Chiou exhausts his final appeal soon.A delegation led by Florence, Bellivier was able to visit Taichung prison to meet Cheng Hsin-tze, another prisoner sentenced to death.Six provocative executionsIn a show of provocation, 24 hours after the representatives of the World Coalition left Taipei, brutal news was transmitted by TAEDP: six prisoners sentenced to death had been shot on 19 April. The World Coalition declared itself “horrified” by the news which “sends a worrying message to the international community”.“The leaders of this country are hiding behind public opinion to justify executions. President Ma and his ministers who received the World Coalition delegation did not dare say openly that they are in favour of the death penalty, hypocritically claiming that they will end this punishment but without giving a time limit,” said TAEDP president Hei-yuan Chiu. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2271] => Array ( [objectID] => 4633 [title] => Taiwan executions spark outrage [timestamp] => 1366329600 [date] => 19/04/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/taiwan-executions-spark-outrage/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ae54dbe97a2b5a33e9b2541678df30ab_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The authorities of Taiwan have executed six prisoners, days after President Ma met World Coalition representatives and promised to “reduce the use” of the death penalty. [texte] => Six executions took place on April 19 in four prisons across Taiwan, despite last-minute legal action and media appeals by World Coalition member organization the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP).The prisoners “were anaesthetised and then shot,” the Straits Times newspaper reported.The executions happened days after more than 20 World Coalition representatives from prominent worldwide human rights organisations visited Taiwan.The World Coalition said it was “horrified” by the news: “During a week of events in Taiwan, including meetings with President Ma, Vice Minister of Justice Wu and high officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the World Coalition was told by these officials that although Taiwan would not abolish the death penalty overnight, its intent is to reduce the use of the death penalty. Executing six people is not part of a process of reducing the use of the death penalty,” a World Coalition representative said.According to the World Coalition, the killings sent “the wrong message to the world community” from Taiwan.Independent international experts invited to examine the situation of human rights in Taiwan in February found that death sentences and executions as they are currently carried out there violate international law.“We feel sad and outraged,” a TAEDP representative said after door-stepping the deputy justice minister to halt the executions, in vain. “We waited for nothing but the answer: ‘We did everything according to the law’,” they reported.Click here for more details on the World Coalition’s mission to Taiwan.29 May 2013 updateThe World Coalition has returned watches given as presents to its representatives by President Ma, accompanied by a letter urging him to "practice what [he] preach[es]"."The execution of six prisoners just three days after you made definitive assurances to us about your strong commitment to human rights, to upholding the requirements of the ICCPR and to reducing the use of the death penalty with the goal of abolition, calls into serious question the sincerity of your words," the excutive board of the World Coalition wrote in the letter.TAEDP chairman Prof Chui Hei-yuan also wrote a protest column published in Chinese and in English by Taiwanese newspapers.Top photo: World Coalition representatives including president Florence Bellivier (left) visit Taichung prison in April 2013 (TAEDP) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2272] => Array ( [objectID] => 4634 [title] => Up-to-date country-by-country death penalty information [timestamp] => 1366243200 [date] => 18/04/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/up-to-date-country-by-country-death-penalty-information/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ae7408a23c65baf9c42c48cfe40914e1_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition is improving access to legal and statistical information on countries that retain the death penalty. [texte] => This website is now directly connected to Northwestern University in Chicago, where academics maintain a permanent database on laws and practices in 92 retentionist States or territories. Essential information is available in a simplified format in seven languages and updated daily.Navigate the list of retentionist countries to get country-by-country information on the laws and practices associated with the application of the death penalty.This information is taken from the Death Penalty Worldwide database, which also offers an advanced search function (capital crimes, prison conditions, appeal procedures, legal representation…) in English and in French.Global statistics on abolitionist countries are available from Amnesty International.The database was created by Professor Sandra Babcock of the Center for International Human Rights at Northwestern Law School's Bluhm Legal Clinic, in partnership with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and with financial support from the European Union. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2273] => Array ( [objectID] => 4635 [title] => Only one in 10 countries carried out executions in 2012 [timestamp] => 1365552000 [date] => 10/04/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/only-one-in-10-countries-carried-out-executions-in-2012/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b8e6a2319114a4b6888d81f554f3e58c_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => At least 682 people were executed last year aside from China, according to Amnesty International. [texte] => The path towards the abolition of death penalty worldwide took one more step in 2012. The number of confirmed executions remained steady compared to the previous year, according to the latest Amnesty International (AI) report on the death penalty released today.A total of 682 people were shot, beheaded, hanged or received a lethal injection in 21 countries, which means that about one in 10 states carried out executions. This is a significant decrease from a decade ago: in 2003, 28 countries did. These data, however, do not include figures from China, which is supposed to account for more executions than the rest of the world combined.“Figures in 2012 show a positive trend all over the world”, said Chiara Sangiorgio, campaigner against the death penalty at Amnesty International, “even if there are some disappointing data.” She referred to India, Japan, Gambia and Pakistan, which resumed executions after a pause of up to 30 years as in the case of Gambia. Egypt and Syria may also have experienced a setback, but none could be confirmed.Top five executers unchangedThe top five global executers remain the same. Three quarters of confirmed executions took place in Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. The US was the only country in the Americas to carry out executions, although only nine US states did so in 2012 (compared to 13 in 2011).Thousands of executions are supposed to have taken place in China, but reliable numbers on the true extent of the use of the death penalty in that country are unavailable and considered a state secret. Sangiorgio pointed out that Beijing introduced some changes to meet international legal requirements (including in the penal code), but they are still “too weak”.All regions made progress and the total number of abolitionist countries in law or in practice rose to 140 – more than two thirds of the world’s nations. The AI campaigner emphasized positive developments in Africa: the government of Ghana, for example, accepted recommendations towards abolishing the death penalty in its new Constitution, while no death sentences were imposed in Burkina Faso, Malawi or Sierra Leone.In Central and Southern America and the Caribbean, only Barbados, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago did imposed a total of 12 capital sentences in 2012.In Asia, Viet Nam did not sentence anyone to death, and Singapore observed a moratorium on the death penalty while considering legal amendments to its laws.Belarus continued to be the only country in the European region to carry out executions.In the Middle East and North Africa, where at least 557 executions were carried out in six countries, Bahrain showed a positive trend for the second consecutive year.More than 23,000 people on death rowThe global trend towards abolition still has to face a wide range of challenges. At least 23,286 people were on death row at the end of 2012. Amnesty International shows its concern for the execution of two people in Yemen for crimes that were committed when they were under 18 years of age, in violation of international law.Sangiorgio underlined that in many cases people were sentenced to death or executed without a fair trial or after the extraction of ‘confessions’ through torture, as in the cases of Afghanistan, Belarus, China, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Saudi Arabia and Taiwan. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Bahrain [2] => Barbados [3] => Belarus [4] => Burkina Faso [5] => China [6] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [7] => Egypt [8] => Gambia [9] => Ghana [10] => Guyana [11] => India [12] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [13] => Iraq [14] => Malawi [15] => Pakistan [16] => Saudi Arabia [17] => Sierra Leone [18] => Singapore [19] => Syrian Arab Republic [20] => Taiwan [21] => Trinidad and Tobago [22] => Viet Nam [23] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2274] => Array ( [objectID] => 4636 [title] => “Iran kills for possession of less than 50g of drugs” [timestamp] => 1365465600 [date] => 09/04/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iran-kills-for-possession-of-less-than-50g-of-drugs/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/86fadab674cceee63ed83c7d6b92f0c6_2-500x346.jpg [extrait] => Annual reports published by two World Coalition member organizations of Iranian exiles expose the disproportionate use of the death penalty in Iran, mostly against drug users and traffickers. [texte] => Iran Human Rights (IHR) listed 580 executions in the Islamic Republic in its Annual report on the death penalty in Iran, three quarters of which are for drug-related offences. According to IHR, this campaign of violence also hits foreigners – mostly Afghans – and includes public hangings. As the June 2013 presidential election looms, IHR and several other World Coalition member organisations fear tougher repression and they are launching an online petition to call on Iran’s international partners to condition anti-drug aid to an execution freeze.The Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation, a new World Coalition member based in the US, concurs. Its research director Ladan Boroumand discussed the report the Foundation presented to the UN Human Rights Council in March 2013. Worldcoalition.org: Do you share the conclusions from IHR’s annual report?Ladan Boroumand: There are a few discrepancies in statistics, but we agree on the main points. We have a gap because we have been able to verify only 540 cases and IHR has verified 580 cases. We need to check our respective lists together to find out the cause of the discrepancies and we will do it. When we receive information that we cannot verify, we leave it aside, while IHR publish it with reservations, which is also useful, because of the lack of transparency in the Iranian judicial system. Why is it so hard to come up with statistics on the death penalty in Iran?The victims executed for ordinary crimes such as drug offences give rise to very little information. We cannot reach their families, while they are not aware of their rights and don’t know how to contact the media or international organizations. Fear is another problem. Those families receive threats if they talk to outsiders. For example, a mother gave us documents on her son’s death sentence, but she begged us to keep them secret and make sure he could not be identified because she had received threats that her other children would be targeted if she spoke out. Then there are Afghan prisoners, whom we know nothing about. We have begun to make contacts in Afghanistan to find out more, but fear is widespread there too. Is there a risk that executions accelerate with the June 2013 presidential election?In previous elections, repression slowed down one month or so before the vote to encourage people to take part, and picked up again just after the vote. We have no indication of this policy this year. There is intense repression against the media and the NGOs, yet we have not seen a spike in executions. But judicial executions are not the only ones. We also document extra-judicial executions and the abusive use of lethal force by security forces. The details of charges used in capital cases, too, are important: 195 people were executed in 2012 for possessing or trafficking less than 10kg of drugs. More worrying still is the fact that six people were hanged for possessing less than 500g of drugs, without being accused of trafficking, and one person for possession of 49g of crystal meth. Three people were also executed for alleged crimes committed before they were 18.There are more and more calls on western powers to stop assistance to Iran against drug trafficking if it leads to executions. Do you agree?This is very important. Abolition is part of the European Union’s vocation and it cannot support a regime that kills for possession of less than 50g of drugs. If they support the Islamic Republic, the condition must be a moratorium on the death penalty. Moreover, we know from sources inside the regime that capital punishment is inefficient to curb drug use and trafficking. The head of the Iranian welfare office estimates that the rate of drug users grows faster than the birth rate. Since the revolution unleashed violence against drug addicts and traffickers 30 years ago, their share in the prison population has risen from 5% to 43%. It is a complete failure. You are developing a memorial to the victims of human rights violations in Iran. What is it exactly?Our father was the victim of an extra-judicial execution by the Islamic Republic in Paris. Since 1979, Iranian society has not reacted strongly enough to State violence. We want Iranian to know about it through a database of all victims, whoever they are: prostitutes, criminals, righ- or left-wing activists… We have been adding them to a directory called “Omid”, which means “hope” in Persian. Each story is presented in a format that explains what a fair trial should have been and which of the person’s fundamental rights have been violated – with the right to life representing the ultimate violation. We have collected 15,779 stories so far, this is painstaking work. Why are you joining the World Coalition?It is first a question of principle, to be part of the movement. But our work is also very much archive-based, and we do not have much advocacy power. Others Coalition members do. We can give them ammunition. Inside Iran, we have seen that not many supporters of democracy discuss the death penalty. They oppose it as a symbol of state violence, but they don’t know which arguments to use against it. We have been translating literature on this issue, but it is not widely used. We need to reach those people. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2275] => Array ( [objectID] => 4637 [title] => A universal tool with regional equivalents [timestamp] => 1364860800 [date] => 02/04/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-universal-tool-with-regional-equivalents/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/72d70293ff2a21fd470ce76c98048a78_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is the only universal international treaty that prohibits executions and provides essential mechanisms to entrench the abolition of the death penalty in the world. As of the 15th January 2017, 84 States out of the 169 State parties to the ICCPR […] [texte] => The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is the only universal international treaty that prohibits executions and provides essential mechanisms to entrench the abolition of the death penalty in the world. As of the 15th January 2017, 84 States out of the 169 State parties to the ICCPR and out of the 141 abolitionist States in law or in practice have ratified the Second Optional Protocol (Azerbaijan, Brazil, Chile, Salvador, and Greece with a reservation) and 3 States (Angola, Madagascar and Sao Tome and Principe) have signed the Protocol but have not ratified it yet. The Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR is the only universal instrument aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, but there are also regional protocols for which the World Coalition is also campaigning: - Protocol 6 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) concerning the Abolition of the Death Penalty is the first regional abolitionist treaty. It has been signed by all 47 Member States of the Council of Europe and ratified by 46 of them. This text provides for the abolition of the death penalty, but still allows States to maintain it for crimes committed in time of war or of imminent threat of war; - Protocol 13 to the ECHR, adopted in May 2002, ratified by 44 of the 47 States and signed by an additional State, abolishes the death penalty in all circumstances and without possible reservations. Thus it goes beyond the range of the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR - The Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty was adopted in 1990 by the Organisation of the American States (OAS). Like the Second Optional Protocol, it aims at abolishing capital punishment, with the same possibility for States “to apply the death penalty in wartime in accordance with international law, for extremely serious crimes of a military nature”. It has been ratified to date by 13 out of the 23 State parties to the ACHR among the 35 Member States of the OAS.The UN Protocol and the regional Protocols are key mechanisms that share the same objective: strengthen and entrench the abolition of the death penalty in the world. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2276] => Array ( [objectID] => 4638 [title] => Human Rights Council tackles death penalty [timestamp] => 1364515200 [date] => 29/03/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/human-rights-council-tackles-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b4beb3a3697847a191986107617a4700_2-1-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The UN body in charge of defending and promoting human rights has devoted a large part of its 22nd session to discussing capital punishment and its abolition, and vowed to continue at its next meetings. [texte] => As soon as the UN Human Rights Council convened in Geneva in late February, the International Commission against the Death Penalty held a high-level side event to the session. Senior representatives from the governments of Norway and Spain, the UN Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights and the EU’s Special Representative on Human Rights assessed why and how to abolish capital punishment. They called on the remaining executing nations to suspend capital punishment immediately as a first step towards full abolition.During the High level segment of the Council, many member states mentioned the death penalty: the State Secretaries of Norway and Spain spoke about the World Congress taking place mid-June in Madrid and encouraged all States as well as civil society to take part.Algeria, Rwanda and Mongolia detail progress towards abolitionAlgeria spoke about the UN General Assembly’s moratorium resolution, Rwanda about the Death Penalty Working Group of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights and Mongolia about its ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. The Mongolian representative explained that his country was taking step-by-step measures to finally abolish the death penalty in law and added: “We don’t have much to teach but we have much to share.”The following week, on the day when the Special rapporteur on Torture was presenting his report, he also participated in a side event sponsored by the American Civil Liberties Union, the Advocates for Human Rights, Penal Reform International (PRI) and the Swiss mission to the United Nations. The event aimed to raise awareness about the human rights implications of solitary confinement and the death penalty. PRI’s representative to the World Coalition Jackie Macalesher delivered a speech on the death row phenomenon.Two resolutionsThe death penalty issue was also high on the agenda of informal meetings on two draft resolutions throughout the Council. The first resolution, initiated by Belgium, convenes a panel discussion on the human rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed during the 24th session of the Human Rights Council in September 2013.The second resolution was presented by France, Benin Costa Rica, Moldova and Mongolia. It convenes a high-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty at its 25th session, in February 2014. Its objective is to exchange views on advances, best practices and challenges relating to the abolition of the death penalty and to the introduction of a moratorium on executions, as well as on national debates or processes on whether to abolish the death penalty.Both resolutions were adopted during the last days of the Council in late March. Egypt (statement) led the opposition to both texts and stated that “it is the sovereign right of states to use the death penalty”. Singapore warned that “this debate should not just be an exercise to advocate for abolition“. The USA surprisingly voted in favour of the last resolution.The Human Rights Council was already scheduled to examine a report by the UN secretary general on the death penalty in September 2013. The World Coalition and its members have just submitted contributions for this report. Photo: Cécile Thimoreau [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria [1] => Belgium [2] => Benin [3] => Costa Rica [4] => Egypt [5] => France [6] => Moldova [7] => Mongolia [8] => Rwanda [9] => Switzerland [10] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2277] => Array ( [objectID] => 4639 [title] => Organisation of American States considers moratorium [timestamp] => 1363305600 [date] => 15/03/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/organisation-of-american-states-considers-moratorium/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2185f60c923a9fcda35e24e01394e209_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights warns that litigation is insufficient to combat the death penalty. [texte] => The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), the regional body in charge of protecting and furthering human rights as part of the Organization of American States (OAS), has tackled the death penalty for the first time.Its latest session on 11 March saw heated debates on this issue, leading to the suggestion of a regional resolution calling for a moratorium on executions. The proposal , initiated by the Joel Antonion Hernández García of Mexico’s permanent mission to the OAS, received support from a broad number of participating delegates from other countries.Member states including Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Argentina, Brazil and the Dominican Republic as well as observer France assessed the need to place the death penalty issue at the heart of the organisation’s action to further the progress towards abolition observed in the region in recent years.Although the number of countries using the death penalty has been decreasing, the situation in the Americas and especially in the Caribbean remains a source of concern. Cuba, Guatemala, Suriname and the United States still use capital punishment.The decision to focus this year’s World Day Against the Death Penalty (10 October) on the Caribbean owes nothing to chance.While most states in the region have abolished the death penalty in the region or confine it to exceptional cases, the US remains the only country on the continent to carry out regular executions – even though their numbers have been decreasing.Cuba claims that the last execution there took place 10 years ago, yet the death penalty is still on the island’s books.“Constructive dialogue”Carmelo Campos Cruz of the Puerto-Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty highlights the need for national debates in retentionist countries while pushing for an OAS resolution for a moratorium on executions. “Determination from the countries in this hemisphere will certainly help maintain a constructive dialogue with those countries that retain the death penalty,” he said.The OAS warned that litigation is insufficient to combat the death penalty, citing the example of Trinidad and Tobago. There, capital punishment still exists in law and public opinion is strongly in favour of it. The organisation called on political leaders to act responsibly, even through unpopular decisions, and recommended broader strategies to include civil society.Trinidad and Tobago delegate Rose-Marie Belle Antoine criticised the stance of international organisations that address governments in retentionist countries instead of adopting a broader approach encompassing advocacy and education.Campos, whose home country Puerto Rico is subject to US federal laws despite having abolished the death penalty locally, accepted the Trinidadian representative’s view. “Her remarks are in agreement with the vision of the Greater Caribbean for Life coalition, which aims to open dialogue across the region as a strategy to strengthen the abolitionist movement and achieve the eventual abolition of the death penalty in the Americas,” he said.Photo: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Argentina [1] => Brazil [2] => Costa Rica [3] => Cuba [4] => Dominican Republic [5] => Ecuador [6] => Guatemala [7] => Mexico [8] => Panama [9] => Suriname [10] => Trinidad and Tobago [11] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2278] => Array ( [objectID] => 4640 [title] => Moroccan parliamentary network a new step towards abolition [timestamp] => 1363305600 [date] => 15/03/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moroccan-parliamentary-network-a-new-step-towards-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f8f6fa04f0cc27ac1838f1ab5b4f90f5_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Around 180 MPs from all political hues signed the founding charter of their network against the death penalty, which promises sustained legislative action in favour of abolition. [texte] => “A step forward” is how Abdelilah Benabdeslam, the vice-president of Morocco’s Human Rights Association and a member of the Moroccan Coalition against the Death Penalty, qualified the initiative by some Moroccan MPs to get together and create a network against the death penalty on 26 February 2013 in Rabat.The parliamentarian network against the death penalty stands out because of its political diversity – these MPs, from both Houses of the Parliament, come from both the governing majority and the opposition.It was however noted that no one from the prime minister’s Development and Justice Party has yet joined this network.As far as gender is concerned, men and women alike are actively working for the abolition of capital punishment. Still, most of the network’s members are women.Nearly 180 MPs have so far signed the network’s founding charter.Their top priority is to enshrine the abolition of the death penalty in the Moroccan Constitution. “Are we allowed to kill and to deny a person’s most sacred right, the right to life?,” Nouzha Skalli MP, told the newspaper Libération Maroc as she was taking part in the gathering on February 26. “We mustn’t forget that Morocco banned torture and made it illegal. Death penalty is, to our mind, the most violent form of torture,” she added.International law can also help the members of this network, who will carry out actions to obtain Morocco’s ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and of the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty.The MPs’ goal is also to lead their country to accept the universal moratorium on capital punishment. Finally, the network will closely follow the fate of the 115 convicts on death row in Morocco to improve their detention conditions until their death sentence is reduced to a prison sentence.Highlighting contradictionsTo defend its cause, the network underlines two major contradictions.On the one hand, even though no execution has taken place in 20 years, Morocco abstained four times from voting on the resolutions passed by the UN for a moratorium on the use of death penalty (in 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2012).On the other hand, the network will fight the retention of the death penalty in criminal law with help from article 20 of the Moroccan Constitution, which regards the right to life as sacred: “The right to life is every human being’s right.”To undertake a deep reform of Morocco’s Penal Code, network members know that they will have to join forces with every abolitionist structure within the country (the Moroccan Coalition against Death Penalty), the region (Regional Coalition against Death Penalty) and abroad (other parliamentary networks).Such collaborative action should enable the network to raise awareness among both the international community and the Moroccan authorities on the need to abolish the death penalty.Moroccan NGOs cannot present any bills, but the network can. By working inside Parliament, network members have the possibility to modify the current legislation on capital punishment.MPs can also take advantage of their participation in other public institutions to rally the Moroccan government to their cause.This strategy can have a real positive impact, as the Moroccan MPs’ network against corruption proved in the past. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2279] => Array ( [objectID] => 4641 [title] => World Coalition members hail abolition in Maryland [timestamp] => 1363305600 [date] => 15/03/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-members-hail-abolition-in-maryland/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7834e4d2438056f5e5cbf53f8a4bc505_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The House of Delegates has passed a bill replacing the death penalty with life in prison without parole. The governor of the US state has been supporting the bill and promised to sign it into law. [texte] => Abolitionists worldwide celebrated on 15 March when Maryland delegates took a final vote to make their state the 18th to abolish the death penalty in the US.The abolition bill is now transferred to governor Martin O’Malley, who sponsored it and has pledged to sign it into law.World Coalition members in the US had been watching the vote closely and the news spread immediately.IT'S OFFICIAL! 82 votes to 56 votes, #MDRepeal passes!— DPFocus (@DPFocus) March 15, 2013 Witness to Innocence, an organisation that successfully supported the Maryland repeal campaign by raising the profile of death row inmates who had a narrow escape when their conviction was overturned before their execution, commented on Facebook: “It is a truly historic day. The death penalty in Maryland has been eliminated as it should be.”The National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, too, issued an upbeat statement: “Maryland is the bellwether for the country on the death penalty. (...) Like other states that have taken a close look at the practice, lawmakers and citizens in the state have come to the conclusion that the death penalty system is simply unworkable.”Across the Atlantic Ocean, the Italian-based Community of Sant'Egidio extended a warm "thank you Maryland!" on its website, adding that the state had "entered history".The success of the Maryland campaign raises hope for Delaware, a neighbouring US state where a death penalty repeal bill will be discussed later this month.While welcoming the “growing momentum against capital punishment in the United States”, Human Rights Watch also noted: “However, the bill does not directly affect the five inmates awaiting execution in Maryland, leaving it up to O’Malley to determine whether to commute their sentences.”In a stark remainder of the work remaining to be done, celebratory comments from World Coalition members on abolition in Maryland alternated with shock at the first execution in four years in Indonesia on the same day.Photo: Witness to Innocence advocacy director Kirk Bloodsworth, who spent years on Maryland death row, reacts after House votes 82-56 for repeal (WTI/Facebook) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2280] => Array ( [objectID] => 4642 [title] => Japan in breach of international standards, opinion wavering – study [timestamp] => 1363219200 [date] => 14/03/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/japan-in-breach-of-international-standards-opinion-wavering-study/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b5763ce18a872e462c29d2a3e812f6fb_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => A report published by the Death Penalty Project and the Center for Prisoners’ Rights shows that Japanese law and practice on capital punishment violate international treaties, and questions the high level of public support for the death penalty reported by the authorities. [texte] => From leading newspaper Asahi Shimbun to national television NHK, the range of media in attendance at the launch of the report The Death Penalty in Japan on 11 March in Tokyo bowled over Japanese lawyer and activist Maiko Tagusari. “I never expected to have such a wide audience,” said the secretary-general of World Coalition member Center for Prisoners’ Rights, who co-authored the report.While coverage of death penalty issues is usually confined to a small “club” of specialist reporters covering the ministry of justice, the far-reaching event hosted by the UK embassy attracted mainstream journalists as well as barristers and members of parliament from several parties, including a former justice minister.Saul Lehrfreund, the executive director of the Death Penalty Project – the UK-based legal and advocacy group behind the publication – hopes the report will “be a tool for litigation” in local capital cases. “We’d like the Japanese authorities to stop enforcing executions on the basis of the problems we have found,” he added, while acknowledging the government’s reaction was hard to predict. “Japan’s system of capital punishment is seriously flawed”The 68-page in-depth study of Japan’s use of the death penalty and public attitudes to that punishment is damning.“From the overly broad scope of Japan’s capital statutes, to the de-facto death of executive clemency, to the ill-treatment of inmates on death row and the possibility of execution without appeal, to problems of access to capable defence counsel and to potentially mitigating or exonerating evidence possessed by prosecutors, Japan’s system of capital punishment is seriously flawed,” the authors wrote.Their methodical analysis of the country’s obligations as a state party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights found numerous breaches associated with the use of capital punishment. “Until this gap is either eliminated or significantly reduced in size, Japan will remain an international outlier with respect to ‘the gravest real-life problem in the law’,” the report reads. Skewed opinion pollsThe second half of the report questions opinion polls taken every five years by the government. The 2009 edition concluded that 86 % of respondents support the death penalty, thus justifying its retention.Dr Mai Sato, a Japanese research fellow at the University of Oxford, first pointed out that the government survey offered respondents a choice between a “narrow” abolitionist statement (“the death penalty should be abolished under all circumstances”) and a “wide” retentionist one (“the death penalty is unavoidable in some cases”).Dr Sato then examined detailed results and conducted separate surveys using more neutral questions as well as separate samples of citizens with different levels of information on the death penalty.“The findings of the three studies discussed above demonstrate that a considerable proportion of the Japanese public do not have strong opinions about the death penalty, and that even those who express strong support for capital punishment modify their views in response to new information,” she concluded.“The Japanese Federation of Bar Associations had started to analyse government surveys. This practical and scientific approach is useful and Mai Sato’s findings are very convincing,” said Maiko Tagusari.Such collaboration between local and foreign experts on issues ranging from international law to local practices and attitudes has added credibility to the study. “We could not just parachute in our opinion. We could not have done it without local contributors,” said Saul Lehrfreund.Download the report [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2281] => Array ( [objectID] => 4643 [title] => Abolitionist Challenges for 2013 in Puerto Rico [timestamp] => 1362614400 [date] => 07/03/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-challenges-for-2013-in-puerto-rico/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/0367379925f1efc82d2db04096f0b159_2.gif [extrait] => This annual report covers the situation of death penalty cases involving Puerto Ricans who face death penalty proceedings in the federal jurisdiction, as well as in those states of the US where such punishment is strictly upheld, and one case of petition for extradition. [texte] => At the end of 2012, 15 death penalty cases were awaiting trial in the Federal Court for the District of Puerto Rico. Four trials are to begin in 2013, which is a record.The high rate of homicides in Puerto Rico and the increasing interference of federal jurisdictions in prosecuting criminal cases could result, in the worst case scenario, in a significant increase in the number of death penalty cases or even one or several death sentences for the coming years in Puerto Rico.The Puerto Rican Coalition against the Death Penalty is campaigning in Puerto Rico to solve these cases and raise awarness. It also has a major role in the Caribbean with the development of an abolitionist front in the region. It serves as the secretariat of the network called Gran Caribe por la Vida (Great Caribbean for Life).It is also an active member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and will play a major role in 2013 in the preparation of the World Day against the Death Penalty on 10 October, which will be dedicated to the Caribbean. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2282] => Array ( [objectID] => 4644 [title] => Central and Eastern African activists brainstorm for abolition [timestamp] => 1362528000 [date] => 06/03/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/central-and-eastern-african-activists-brainstorm-for-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1ebe3065e036bd9afe681c4bf584068c_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => February was a month of intense strategising for members of the regional coalition against the death penalty as well as region’s ACATs, as two meetings convened to discuss the best options to spur on Africa’s march towards abolition. [texte] => Two World Coalition member organisations, the International Federation of Action by Christians Against Torture (FIACAT) and the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI), held strategic planning meetings in East Africa between 11-13 February 2013.In Bujumbura, FIACAT’s chairwoman Sylvie Bukhari-de Pontual opened the session by remarking that “it is becoming hard to justify death penalty as human dignity is inviolable and indivisible and cannot be subjected to any contingency nor to any compromise: it is universal”.The regional seminar, which was funded by Germany’s and Luxembourg’s foreign ministries, brought together representatives of the seven ACATs from Central Africa and Madagascar (Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Madagascar, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chad).It followed after a similar event in West Africa last year.Prof Carlson Anyangwe’s, a member of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR)’s working group on the death penalty, came to share his expertise with the participants to the seminar.The members of the region’s ACATs are now trained to undertake advocacy in their countries with support from FIACAT, in favour of:- the abolition of the death penalty in Africa;- the ratification of the second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;- the adoption of the resolution calling for a universal moratorium on executions, which the UN General Assembly will vote on in December 2014.Litigation and radio showsMeanwhile, in Kampala, 15 activists from Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda gathered around FHRI staff with support from Penal Reform International and the European Union.The participants shared their experience on successful modes of action to advocate abolition in their respective countries. “Generally the following practices have been working: litigation of cases that challenge the application of the death penalty, media campaigns mainly through radio talk shows, and capacity building,” FHRI reported.East African activists also agreed that the main challenge to abolition in the region remains insufficient support from public opinion, which in turn hinders political will to end the death penalty. “This is worsened by the heinous murders committed within the region, e.g. albino murders in Tanzania and an increase in child sacrifice cases in Uganda,” FHRI remarked.The participants retained six objectives to organise their action: “work towards legislative abolition of the death penalty, gaining judicial support, mobilise public support, engage political leaders on death penalty issues, promote the adoption of humane alternatives to the death penalty and partner with like-minded organizations”.New publication on regional data and strategiesThe participants to the Kampala meeting form part of the East and Central African Coalition Against the Death Penalty, which began its existence at a regional conference on abolition in Kinshasa in March 2012.Two World Coalition member organizations, Together Against the Death Penalty and (France) and Culture for Peace and Justice (DR Congo) organized the event and have just published its proceedings. The publication includes papers from the ministers, ambassadors, academics, parliamentarians, human rights activists and the former death row inmate who spoke at the conference. It also features country-by-contry information on the state of the death penalty and local abolitionist organisations. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2283] => Array ( [objectID] => 4645 [title] => “Look at us with a merciful eye” [timestamp] => 1362441600 [date] => 05/03/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/look-at-us-with-a-merciful-eye/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5cbd6321734b695b70be6c9fdb7326f7_2-500x297.jpg [extrait] => Human Rights Watch is launching a 30-page report on juvenile offenders awaiting execution on Yemen’s death row. [texte] => Yemen’s government should stop seeking and carrying out the death penalty for child offenders, Human Rights Watch said in a report released on March, 4th. President Abdu Rabu Mansour Hadi should immediately reverse execution orders for three alleged juvenile offenders on death row who have exhausted all appeals and could face a firing squad at any moment.The report found that at least 22 individuals have been sentenced to death despite evidence that they were under age 18 at the time of their alleged crimes. In the last five years, Yemen has executed at least 15 young men and women who said they were under 18 at the time of their offense.Most recently, on December 3, 2012, a government firing squad in Sanaa executed Hind al-Barti, a young woman convicted of murder whose birth certificate indicated she was 15 at the time of her alleged crime.President Hadi should order a review of all death sentences where there is doubt that the individual was at least 18 at the time of the offense, and commute all sentences when evidence regarding an offender’s age remains inconclusive or in conflict, Human Rights Watch said.Yemen’s penal code and international law prohibit the execution of juvenile offendersSince 1994, Yemen’s penal code has banned the execution of juvenile offenders and stipulates a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison for individuals under 18 who commit capital offenses.However, juvenile offenders faced serious obstacles when they tried to prove their age in court, Human Rights Watch found. In some cases, defendants simply lacked the documentation to prove they were under age 18 at the time of their alleged crime.Yemen has one of the lowest birth registration rates in the world: among a population of more than 24 million, the government registers only 22 percent of births, and only 5 percent of births among poor and rural populations, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund, UNICEF.Yemen has ratified both the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which specifically prohibit capital punishment of anyone who was under 18 at the time of the offense.When courts cannot establish conclusively that a defendant was 18 or older at the time of the alleged crime, international law indicates that the courts may not impose a death sentence. The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, charged with interpreting the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), has stated that, “If there is no proof of age, the child is entitled to a reliable medical or social investigation that may establish his/her age and, in the case of conflict or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.”Yemen is one of only four countries known to have executed people in the last five years for crimes committed as children. The others are Iran, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Yemen [1] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2284] => Array ( [objectID] => 4646 [title] => First executions under Abe government raise fears of more [timestamp] => 1361404800 [date] => 21/02/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/first-executions-under-abe-government-raise-fears-of-more/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7ca0a55609b9391707b51c1c6be6fb7a_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Abolitionists worldwide protest the execution of three prisoners in Japan on 21st February and call on the new justice minister to heed international calls for restraint. [texte] => The World Coalition and its member organizations slammed the Japanese government after three death row inmates were executed on 21st February.Masahori Kanagawa, Kaoru Kobayashi and Keiki Kano were hanged in Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya respectively while two of them had unfinished appeal processes.The Center for Prisoners’ Rights (CPR), one of the World Coalition’s members in Japan, “strongly condemned” the executions while the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) said in a statement it “fears that today’s executions raise the genuine fear that use of the death penalty in Japan may accelerate under the current administration”.These are the first hangings since Prime Minister Shinzo Abe (photo, left) took office in December 2012 and appointed Sadakazu Tanigaki (photo, right) as justice minister – the office in charge of approving each death warrant. Ten prisoners were executed under a previous Abe government in 2006 and 2007.“Cold-blooded killing”“The authorities appeared alarmingly merciless in their willingness to execute during Shinzo Abe’s previous stint as Prime Minister. The fear is that this marks the beginning of a new wave of cold-blooded killing by the State. It raises serious questions whether such executions are carried out purely for political expediency,” Amnesty International’s East Asia director Roseann Rife said in a statement.Justice Minister Tanigaki is known to Japanese human rights defenders as a supporter of the death penalty who declared publicly that decisions on executions should be made very carefully. “However, we cannot find any sign of cautiousness about decision making in today’s executions, which were carried out only 57 days after the Minister’s inauguration,” CPR stated.ADPAN highlighted that the new government’s apparent scramble to carry out elections “would be in spite of calls from multiple UN bodies for Japan to work towards abolition”.According to CPR, 24 countries made recommendations related to the death penalty during Japan’s last human rights review before the UN Human Rights Council. “The outcome report will be adopted at the coming eighth session of the Council and today’s execution is a strong message that the government of Japan will not take any initiatives which could lead to commencement of national debate on the penalty or disclosure of related information and will continue regular executions in order to reduce the death row population”, the Japanese activists wrote.No advance notice of executionsAccording to local regulations, prisoners, their lawyers and their families do not receive advance notice of executions. The number of death row inmates is historically high, at 134, and World Coalition members have raised multiple concerns ranging from insufficient rights of appeal to high exposure to mental illness.“The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty condemns the resumption of executions that occurred on 21st February in Japan,” said World Coalition executive director Maria Donatelli. “The World Coalition encourages the new Japanese government to review its position on the death penalty in order to follow the worldwide trend towards abolition and in particular encourages Justice Minister Tanigaki to take all measures within his power to stop any execution, establish an official moratorium on the use of death penalty, in line with the United Nations General Assembly Resolution aiming at the abolition of the death penalty adopted by 111 countries; commute the death sentences of all prisoners in the country; and abolish the death penalty for all crimes.”Despite the authorities’ unabated use of the death penalty, World Coalition members are continuing their efforts to promote abolition in Japan. Local organization Forum 90 organised a death penalty film week in Tokyo earlier this month, alternating nine films from Japan and abroad exposing the brutality of capital punishment with presentations from activists and exonerated death row inmates, while ADPAN targeted the outgoing and incoming justice ministers with a Twitter campaign during last year’s elections.On March 12, the British-based abolitionist group Death Penalty Project will hold its first public event in Japan since it started examining ways of helping the country develop an open debate on the future of the death penalty two years ago – a much-needed discussion, which local activists say has so far been stifled. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2285] => Array ( [objectID] => 4648 [title] => Progressive abolition of the death penalty and alternative sanctions [timestamp] => 1360886400 [date] => 15/02/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/progressive-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-and-alternative-sanctions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/34912f469a4a25ed187d061e1a8b6d1c_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => World Coalition member organisations PRI and FHRI launch a small grants programme for local NGOs on the abolition of the death penalty and humane alternative sanctions in nine countries. [texte] => Penal Reform International (PRI) and Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) have received funding from the European Union to implement a project aimed at the progressive abolition of the death penalty and the implementation of humane alternative sanctions after a moratorium or abolition. PRI and FHRI wishes to use part of this grant to support local civil society organisations to develop and implement an effective and efficient local, national or regional advocacy strategy aimed at the fight against the death penalty.PRI and FHRI invites civil society organisations to apply for up to €5,000 to implement a small project aimed at the progressive abolition of the death penalty and the implementation of humane alternative sanctions after a moratorium or abolition. The small grants programme is only open to civil society organisations from the following nine countries: • Kazakhstan and Tajikistan.• Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.• Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia.• Russia.For more information about the small grants programme, please download the Terms of Reference (in Arabic, English and Russian).The duration of the projects submitted to the programme must not exceed one year. Projects are expected to be completed by 1 April 2014. An application must be submitted on the form provided (download in Arabic, English or Russian).Applications will be accepted up to 18.00 GMT on Monday, 11 March 2013. This small grants programme is being administered with the financial assistance of the European Union. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2286] => Array ( [objectID] => 4649 [title] => Kazakh criminal law reform could add capital crimes [timestamp] => 1360886400 [date] => 15/02/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/kazakh-criminal-law-reform-could-add-capital-crimes/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ce9305ff9e6921f8b8121b60aae52bd2_2-500x351.jpg [extrait] => As Kazakhstan’s authorities prepare to introduce a new penal code, World Coalition members are warning against attempts to broaden the offences punishable by death. [texte] => How broad will the death penalty be after Kazakhstan updates its criminal legislation in the coming months? “We cannot tell, it’s changing all the time. The first draft had 25 articles referencing the death penalty, then it was 18, now 20,” Saule Mektepbayeva, regional director for Penal Reform International (PRI) Central Asia.There are currently two crimes punishable by death under Kazakhstan’s constitution: acts of terrorism which result in death and grave crimes committed during times of war. However, legislators have broadly interpreted those two offences into 18 different articles of the criminal code.The current review of the criminal code aims to further broaden the scope of application of the death penalty, in direct contravention to stated Kazakhstan policy of phased abolition of the death penalty.World Coalition member organisation PRI has been busy preparing a debate on this issue at the Kazakh parliament on 19 February. Together with diplomats from the European Union and the UK, Saule Mektepbayeva will hold discussions with lawmakers, justice ministry officials and members of the general prosecutor’s office tasked with drafting the new criminal code. “Constant work is needed to keep the number of capital crimes low or abolish the death penalty,” she said.MoratoriumPresident Nursultan Nazarbayev (photo, right, with EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton in Astana in November 2012) declared a moratorium on executions in 2003 and the country voted in favour of the UN General Assembly’s resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty in December 2012.According to a report prepared by local experts for PRI, the authorities’ stated policy since 2002 has been one of “gradual narrowing of the scope of the death penalty”. A previous reform of the criminal code in 1997 had “reduced by almost half” the number of capital crimes. Kazakhstan modified its constitution in 2007 to restrict the death penalty to the most serious crimes as neighbouring nations Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan abolished capital punishment, and there was hope that Astana would soon follow the regional trend.“In the current Kazakh system, punishments are very harsh and criminal legislation reform was expected to rein them in,” said Anne Souléliac, who heads the human rights section at the Paris Bar Association. This other World Coalition member travelled to Kazakhstan in late January and she reported prosecutors had been asked to review the criminal code in the context of a wider backlash against human rights there: “Shut-downs of opposition media outlets are spreading at the national and local levels, and the independence of attorneys is under threat from a plan to create a State-controlled bar association,” she said.Minerals and Airbus aircraftPRI hopes to bring parliamentarians on board early, before they begin examining the draft legislation in the autumn, especially as they will be under pressure from public opinion that is not expected to favour abolition.In follow-up to it is parliamentary debate on 19 February, PRI aims to invite two progressive Kazakh parliamentarians to take part in a study visit to London and Brussels in May 2013, with the aim of sharing experiences and lessons-learned with their European counterparts. They will discuss how to deal with the abolitionist process through legal and policy reform, and how to answer difficult questions posed by the public.For now, local activists have enlisted European diplomats to speak to parliamentarians, and they may build on Kazakhstan’s support for the UN’s moratorium resolution as well as well its welcome of international co-operation projects in favour of abolition in recent years to remind the authorities of their policy to phase out capital punishment.But Anne Souléliac would like to see Kazakhstan’s European partners do more to further human rights there, regardless of their growing trade links with the country. “Kazakhstan has had a moratorium for years and it would be a major step backwards to increase the number of capital crimes. France and the EU must play their role and stick to their commitments,” she said.French president François Hollande and his foreign minister Laurent Fabius, who made opposition to capital punishment a priority of his ministry, are expected to visit Astana soon. Kazakhstan is rich in mineral resources and president Nazarbayev hosted a meeting with the CEO of Airbus Military, one of many Western companies interested in business in the country, on 5 February, and stated his intention to “deepen the mutually beneficial cooperation” with the European aircraft manufacturer.Photo: European External Action Service - EEAS [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kazakhstan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2287] => Array ( [objectID] => 4650 [title] => Death penalty at the heart of human rights review [timestamp] => 1360022400 [date] => 05/02/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-at-the-heart-of-human-rights-review/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6c0e4aac593238d4b77e4318fa76fb82_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The Taiwanese authorities have been conducting a voluntary assessment of the human rights situation in the country, culminating in the visit of a panel of experts in late February. The World Coalition is taking part in the process. [texte] => The World Coalition and its local member, the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP), have been highlighting the abuses linked to the use of the death penalty as part of their contribution to a national human rights review similar to those conducted by United Nations bodies.Before leaving China’s UN seat to representatives from the People’s Republic of China in 1971, the Taiwanese authorities had signed two major pieces of international legislation – the International Covenants on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESR) and on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).Their implementation was never subjected to the scrutiny of UN human rights bodies because Taiwan is no longer a member state. Instead, the authorities passed legislation in 2009 to transpose the two covenants into national law.Then began an open human rights review process leading to the examination of the country’s observance of the ICESR and the ICCPR by a panel of international experts between 25 February and 1st March 2013.3rd March 2013 update:The international experts have released their concluding observations and recommandations (available in English and in Chinese). They praised government officials and civil society organisations for their participation in the process."The experts strongly recommend that the government of Taiwan intensifies its efforts towards abolition of capital punishment and, as a first and decisive step, immediately introduces a moratorium on executions in accordance with the respective resolutions of the UN General Assembly," they wrote.They added that "all 15 cases of executions carried out in Taiwan in the last three years" were carried out before procedures seeking pardon or commutation were concluded, which constituted a "violation" of the ICCPR.They also found that torture was used to extract confession in several capital cases and called on the authorities to commute those sentences.Shadow reportThe government has published its own reports on the human rights situation in Taiwan and a coalition of 45 national human rights NGOs, Covenants Watch, has replied with shadow reports.The reports on the ICCPR offer an insight into the death penalty situation in Taiwan. In its submission, the government stated that the official position since 2007 was “to gradually abolish the death penalty”. The authorities acknowledged points of concern, including the current practice of carrying out executions secretly without informing the convict’s family. “Whether or not this meets the Covenant’s requirements should be taken seriously,” the government wrote.The authorities also noted that the number of death sentences and executions was rising rapidly after more than four years without executions between 2006-2010. They detailed two recent cases in which they accepted that “the judges reached the verdict based on confessions obtained through unlawful arrests, illegal detentions, unlawful interrogations by torture” and an innocent was executed for a murder he did not commit.“Far behind schedule”But the 19 pages of remarks on the death penalty in Covenant Watch’s shadow report argued that the government did not go far enough. According to the activists, criminal law reform to reduce the scope of the death penalty is “far behind schedule”.In answer to the past miscarriages of justice identified by the government, the shadow report states that “cases still occur in which the determination of guilt for a defendant is based on testimony extracted through torture” and “seven of the nine persons executed in April 2010 and March 2011 did not have defence counsel in their third-level trials”.Covenants Watch also considered that the official report neglected to examine death row conditions and the use of the death penalty against mentally ill people.“Measures should include a moratorium”The conclusion of the Right to life section in the shadow report read: “If, as the State Report indicated, the Taiwan government has already adopted a policy position of gradual phasing out of the death penalty, then it should not only clearly affirm that abolition of the death penalty is a national policy but should also put forward concrete policy content for abolition of the death penalty and timetables for realization of this policy in the short, medium and long term along with appropriate implementation plans and complementary measures. Such measures should include a moratorium on the execution of death sentences, the promotion of comprehensive dialogue and discussion in society, the study and drafting of substitution measures, and reparations and guarantees for victims.”TAEDP contributed the remarks on the death penalty to the shadow report. Its executive director Lin Hsinyi said: “Since 2010, 15 death row inmates were executed. All of them had asked for amnesty but received no response from the President before their executions. I hope that the Ministry of Justice understands that this is a violation of the ICCPR. Besides, I hope the Ministry of Justice understands that they are under the obligation to work positively toward the abolition of the death penalty.”The international experts have already published a list of questions they will ask the authorities during their February visit, and many reflect the concerns expressed in the shadow report, such as: “The State Report affirms that the ‘death penalty is brutal from the perspectives of humanity and the Covenant’. Nevertheless, policies on how to abolish the death penalty ‘are yet to take shape’. Which efforts have been undertaken by the current Government of Taiwan to abolish the death penalty and to reduce the number of death sentences and to at least introduce a moratorium in accordance with various UNGA resolutions?”International perspectiveBefore they issue their conclusions, the experts will consider additional information including a submission by the World Coalition, which Lin Hsinyi says will add “international perspective” to the review. The World Coalition, whose Steering Committee will meet in the country in April, called on Taiwan’s authorities to “amend any laws that do not meet the requirements of the ICCPR, including to abolish the death penalty for crimes that do not result in loss of life”.More than anything, the human rights review will be an opportunity to launch public debates and disseminate information in a country where entrenched positions have led a growing number of supporters of the death penalty to send threats and unpleasant messages to TAEDP. “We understand why there are negative emotional expressions,” said Lin Hsinyi. “Most people don’t have enough information about the truth and impacts of the death penalty and so they feel threatened, insecure or even offended when thinking about abolishing the death penalty. If we can have more facts revealed and try to communicate more, we believe there will be less hostility.”Update 18 February 2013 : Amnesty International France handed in more than 100,000 signatures on a petition calling for mercy in the case of death row inmate Chiou Ho-shun and for a moratorium aiming to abolish the death penalty to Taiwan's diplomatic representation in Paris on 14 February. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2288] => Array ( [objectID] => 4651 [title] => Briton’s death sentence puts Indonesians at risk [timestamp] => 1359590400 [date] => 31/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/britons-death-sentence-puts-indonesians-at-risk/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d6bdd856d48850a31960e325794219fe_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition’s Indonesian member organization KontraS has raised the international consequences of Lindsay Sandiford’s high-profile capital case in an opinion article published by the Jakarta Globe newspaper, calling on the country to abolish the death penalty. [texte] => This is an excerpt from the original article.This week we learned that Lindsay Sandiford, a British citizen, was sentenced to death for drug trafficking charges by a Bali court. The prosecution asked for a 15-year sentence. But the judges decided instead to give her the maximum penalty: death.Just last month, the Attorney General's Office stated that it intended to follow through with the executions of 10 prisoners in 2013.The Commission for the Disappeared and Victims of Violence (Kontras) is deeply troubled by this turn of events because it is inconsistent with the current government policy aimed at protecting Indonesian citizens abroad.In recent years, Indonesia has shifted away from the death penalty, in line with the global trend toward abolition. No one has been executed here since 2008, and the number of new death sentences appear to be decreasing annually.Move away from capital punishmentPresident Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has commuted a total of 19 death sentences out of 126 pleas for clemency during his 2 terms, including 3 new commutations in 2012. Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa has said that the granting of clemency was part of a broader move away from capital punishment.This shift was apparent in foreign affairs, as well. Last year, Indonesia changed its vote on the UN Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty from opposition to abstention. Indonesia's delegate stated that public debate on capital punishment in Indonesia was "ongoing, including concerning a possible moratorium."Yudhoyono's strategic shift reflects the demands of an increasingly globalized society. Some 6.5 million Indonesian citizens are employed abroad as domestic workers and laborers. More than 200 of them are currently facing the death penalty overseas, much to the dismay of their fellow citizens back home.Indonesians abroad facing executionIn response, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the newly formed Task Force on Migrant Worker Protection (Satgas TKI) have negotiated clemency on behalf of 110 Indonesian citizens in 2012, according to a statement by the ministry last year. Satgas TKI stated that it was instrumental in the commutation of death sentences for 37 workers in Saudi Arabia, 14 in Malaysia, 11 in China and one in Iran.The Bali court's action this week stands in stark contrast to Indonesia's stated and demonstrated death penalty policy. It diminishes the recent successes of the Satgas TKI and puts millions of Indonesians who work and travel abroad at risk of execution. Sandiford's case has received international publicity, with potentially negative consequences for Indonesia's global image.More than two thirds of the countries in the world have abolished capital punishment. The time has come for Indonesia to lead the way for emerging global powers by abolishing the death penalty once and for all.Another World Coalition member organization, Reprieve, has more details on Lindsay Sandiford’s case. Photo: Lindsay Sandiford (right) with her sister(www.lindsaysandifordbalideathappeal.com) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2289] => Array ( [objectID] => 4654 [title] => Translations in Chinese [timestamp] => 1358726400 [date] => 21/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/translations-in-chinese/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s office in Paris, France, is currently calling for translation contributions in Chinese.The objective is to award contracts for translation services for the publications of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty for 30 months (mid 2013 – mid 2015). [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is an alliance of more than 140 NGOs, bar associations, local authorities and unions. The aim of the World Coalition is to strengthen the international dimension of the fight against the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is to obtain the universal abolition of the death penalty. The World Coalition is striving to achieve this aim by lobbying international organisations and States; by organising international campaigns, including the World Day Against the Death Penalty; and, by supporting national and regional abolitionist forces.The World Coalition works in seven languages (French/ English/ Arabic/ Spanish/ Russian/ Farsi/ Chinese) and is looking for freelance translators or translation companies to translate the World Coalitions’ publications, including:• Mobilisation tools for the World Day against the Death Penalty• World Day against the Death Penalty’s annual report• Mobilisation tools for the campaign for the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political • Mobilisation tools for the moratorium campaign• Manuals of good practices for professional networks • A database providing detailed information concerning application of the death penalty in law and in practice in all retentionist countries• Articles in seven languages (French/ English/ Arabic/ Spanish/ Russian/ Farsi/ Chinese) devoted to those taking action against the death penalty www.worldcoalition.org• Statutory documentsThe successful free lance translators or translation companies shall have the following minimum qualifications:1. Accredited and duly licensed in their country, with minimum three years' experience;2. Maintains a good track record in serving NGOs or international organisations;3. Translation companies employ competent and experienced translators;4. Translators should be able to work in French/ English/Chinese, and at least one of those languages is a mother tongue;5. Translators should be familiar with international law and human rights vocabulary.Pricing shall include the following information:1. The price for the translation of an article of 500 words from French or English to Chinese2. The price for the translation of a 4 pages leaflet from French or English to Chinese3. The price for the translation of a report (over 20 pages, including footnotes) and respecting the presentation. 4. The price for proofreading a 200 page-long report5. Corporate discountsTo apply: Proposals should be submitted by email to Aurélie Plaçais (aplacais [at] worldcoalition.org). [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2290] => Array ( [objectID] => 5849 [title] => How Families of Murder Victims Feel Following the Execution of Their Loved One’s Murderer: A Content Analysis of Newspaper Reports of Executions from 2006-2011 [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-families-of-murder-victims-feel-following-the-execution-of-their-loved-ones-murderer-a-content-analysis-of-newspaper-reports-of-executions-from-2006-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => By Corey Burton and Richard Tewksbury [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.jqcjc.org/documents/v1i1.pdf#nameddest=page53 ) [2291] => Array ( [objectID] => 5953 [title] => China’s Death Penalty: The Supreme People’s Court, the Suspended Death Sentence and the Politics of Penal Reform [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chinas-death-penalty-the-supreme-peoples-court-the-suspended-death-sentence-and-the-politics-of-penal-reform/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper examines the issue of judicial discretion and the role of the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) in death penalty reform since 2007. The SPC has been encouraging judges to give ‘suspended’ death sentences rather than ‘immediate execution’ for some homicide cases. Lower court judges are encouraged to use their discretion to recognize mitigating circumstances that would allow them to sentence offenders to a suspended death sentence. The SPC has used ‘guidance’ instruments which include ‘directives’ and other SPC interpretations and a new ‘case guidance’ system which provides case exemplars to follow. The study explored these guidance instruments as a way of deepening the understanding of how law, politics and judicial practices are interwoven to achieve reform goals. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=267047 ) [2292] => Array ( [objectID] => 6121 [title] => The Last Supper [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-last-supper/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Last Supper illustrates the meal requests of U.S. death row inmates. Cobalt blue mineral paint is applied to second-hand plates, then kiln-fired by technical advisor Toni Acock. I am looking for a space to exhibit all the plates on a ten-year loan. 540 final meals, and two first meals on the outside for exonerated men, are completed to date. I plan to continue adding fifty plates a year until capital punishment is abolished. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://greenjulie.com/last-supper/ ) [2293] => Array ( [objectID] => 6155 [title] => Death Penalty Mitigation A Handbook for Mitigation Specialists, Investigators, Social Scientists, and Lawyers [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-mitigation-a-handbook-for-mitigation-specialists-investigators-social-scientists-and-lawyers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book provides an introduction to socio-legal forms of mitigation in capital sentencing. It helps mitigation specialists, defense investigators, social scientists, and lawyers in developing socio-cultural themes of mitigation. It examines scientific formulations, concepts, and frameworks for structuring social history investigations and assessments of moral culpability. A fundamental aim of this handbook was to provide mitigation professionals not only with an understanding of the context of mitigation in criminal justice thinking, but also ways of contextualizing issues of blame and culpability. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780195329469.do ) [2294] => Array ( [objectID] => 6156 [title] => Confronting Capital Punishment in Asia: Human Rights, Politics and Public Opinion [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/confronting-capital-punishment-in-asia-human-rights-politics-and-public-opinion/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book shows that the majority of Asian countries have been particularly resistant to the abolitionist movement and tardy in accepting their responsibility to uphold the safeguards. The essays contained in this volume provide an in-depth analysis of changes in the scope and application of the death penalty in Asia with a focus on China, India, Japan, and Singapore. They explain the extent to which these nations still fail to accept capital punishment as a human rights issue, identify impediments to reform, and explore the prospects that Asian countries will eventually embrace the goal of worldwide abolition of capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199685776.do ) [2295] => Array ( [objectID] => 6161 [title] => Death Penalty: Sociological Survey of Public Opinion on the Abolition of the Death Penalty in the Republic of Tajikistan [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-sociological-survey-of-public-opinion-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-republic-of-tajikistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present study of public opinion on the death penalty in Tajikistan was conductedbetween June and August 2013. The main purpose of the study was to obtain reliableinformation about public opinion on the deathpenalty in Tajikistan, its awareness ofthe changes that have occurred in this areaand to see any changes in attitude since2010. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Death-Penalty_Sociological-survey_Tajikistan-March-2014.pdf ) [2296] => Array ( [objectID] => 6173 [title] => Lightening the Load of the Parental Death Penalty on Children [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lightening-the-load-of-the-parental-death-penalty-on-children/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper begins by providing some basic information about children of parents sentenced to death, issues that persist through the whole of a parent’sinteraction with the criminal justice system. Next, it looks at issues that aresimilar to those faced by other children of prisoners, but focuses on the ways inwhich children of parents sentenced to death are different. For a more detailedaccount of the situation of children of prisoners worldwide, including recommendations and examples of good practice, read QUNO’s 2012 paperCollateral Convicts. Thirdly, the fundamentally different issues are considered, thoseonly children of parents sentenced to death experience. There are a limitednumber of recommendations included throughout: these are not intended to becomprehensive, instead only covering those areas where there is already clarity about a positive way forward. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.quno.org/sites/default/files/resources/Lightening%20the%20Load.Web_.EN_.pdf ) [2297] => Array ( [objectID] => 6174 [title] => Not Making Us Safer: Crime, Public Saftey and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/not-making-us-safer-crime-public-saftey-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Thisdocument aims at providing a generaloverview of how crime and concerns about public safety are often met by government calls forthe death penalty—distracting public attention fromthe much-needed, long-term solutionsthat could more effectively tackle crime and the root causes of crime. It reviews a number ofrecent studies on homicide trends, public perception of safety and the deterrent effect of thedeath penalty. The studies found that, in order toeffectively deter crime, governments shoulduse a multi-faceted approach involving different segments of society and multiple tools—andthat the death penalty is not one of them. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT51/002/2013/en/a862c002-448f-4640-8192-7873cb5b8c42/act510022013en.pdf ) [2298] => Array ( [objectID] => 6188 [title] => Capital Punishment: New Perspectives [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-new-perspectives/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The authors argue that capital litigators should use their skills challenging the abuses not just of process, but of the conditions in which the condemned await their fate, namely prison conditions, education, leisure, visits, medical services, etc. In the aftermath of successful constitutional challenges it is the beneficiaries (arguably those who are considered successes, having been ‘saved’ from the death penalty and now serving living death penalties of one sort or another) who are suffering the cruel and inhumane alternative.Part I of the book offers a selection of diverse, nuanced examinations of death penalty phenomena, scrutinizing complexities frequently omitted from the narrative of academics and activists. It offers a challenging and comprehensive analysis of issues critical to the abolition debate. Part II offers examinations of countries usually absent from academic analysis to provide an understanding of the status of the debate locally, with opportunities for wider application. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&title_id=19755&edition_id=1209349817 ) [2299] => Array ( [objectID] => 6189 [title] => Words beyond death row [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/words-beyond-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => English version starts at 15 minutes and 59 seconds. 'Words beyond death row', extracts from testimonies of death row prisoners illustrated by a photo screening, in partnership with PhotoEspaña. This movie was presented during the 5th World Congress against the death penalty in Madrid in June 2013, by Ensemble contre la peine de mort - ECPM (Together against the death penalty) #Abolition201 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://vimeo.com/69012272 ) [2300] => Array ( [objectID] => 6190 [title] => Perspectives on Capital Punishment in America [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/perspectives-on-capital-punishment-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Searching inquiry into the contours of capital punishment in America. Containing over 1300 footnotes, the chapters by ten young scholars explore the sometimes-ignored fine details of the death penalty. Topics include the impropriety of applying the death penalty to felony murder, the implications of death row exonerations and their impact on access to post-conviction DNA testing, media impacts on capital cases, death qualification of capital juries and its impact on the right of prospective capital jurors to enjoy First Amendment protection of the free exercise of their religions, the fiscal conservative and social conservative argument favoring abolition of the death penalty, the need for a heightened standard of proof - greater than beyond a reasonable doubt - at the penalty phase of capital trials, federal habeas corpus protections for state-sentenced capital offenders and the constitutionality of limits on "actual innocence" equitable tolling, tips and techniques for capital defense counsel representing defendants who were acutely substance-impaired at the time of the crime or have a history of chronic substance abuse or chemical dependency, the impropriety of allowing counsel to argue fiscal matters to the jury, such as that either execution or life imprisonment is the "cheapest" option for society, and the role the death penalty should and does play within the Uniform Code of Military Justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Perspectives-Capital-Punishment-America-Charles/dp/1490484078/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1379687806&sr=8-1&keywords=Perspectives+on+Capital+Punishment+in+America ) [2301] => Array ( [objectID] => 6191 [title] => Exile and Embrace: Contemporary Religious Discourse on the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/exile-and-embrace-contemporary-religious-discourse-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => With passion and precision, Exile and Embrace examines the key elements of the religious debates over capital punishment and shows how they reflect the values and self-understandings of contemporary Americans. Santoro demonstrates that capital punishment has relatively little to do with the perpetrators and much more to do with those who would impose the punishment. Because of this, he convincingly argues, we should focus our attention not on the perpetrators and victims, as is typically the case in debates pro and con about the death penalty, but on ourselves and on the mechanisms that we use to impose or oppose the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Exile-Embrace-Contemporary-Religious-Discourse/dp/1555538177 ) [2302] => Array ( [objectID] => 6193 [title] => A Wild Justice: The Death and Resurrection of Capital Punishment in America [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-wild-justice-the-death-and-resurrection-of-capital-punishment-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For two hundred years, the constitutionality of capital punishment had been axiomatic. But in 1962, Justice Arthur Goldberg and his clerk Alan Dershowitz dared to suggest otherwise, launching an underfunded band of civil rights attorneys on a quixotic crusade. In 1972, in a most unlikely victory, the Supreme Court struck down Georgia’s death penalty law in Furman v. Georgia. Though the decision had sharply divided the justices, nearly everyone, including the justices themselves, believed Furman would mean the end of executions in America.Instead, states responded with a swift and decisive showing of support for capital punishment. As anxiety about crime rose and public approval of the Supreme Court declined, the stage was set in 1976 for Gregg v. Georgia, in which the Court dramatically reversed direction.A Wild Justice is an extraordinary behind-the-scenes look at the Court, the justices, and the political complexities of one of the most racially charged and morally vexing issues of our time. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Wild-Justice-Resurrection-Capital-Punishment/dp/0393239586 ) [2303] => Array ( [objectID] => 6210 [title] => The European Union and the Abolition of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-european-union-and-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article investigates how the EU has evolved its abolitionist position. It analyzes the development of the region’s internal policy beginning in the European Parliament, to the rejection of the punishment being mandated as a Treaty provision, which evolves into anintegral component of the external human rights project. The EU has now formulated technical bilateral and multilateral initiatives to promote abolition worldwide. This is most clearly evidenced in the EU playing an important role in the 2007 United Nations General Assembly Resolution on the moratorium on the use of the death penalty, and the strengthening of the resolution in 2008, 2010, and 2012. This article demonstrates that the EU’s contribution to the abolition of the deathpenalty is a recognizable success story of human rights, and it is one aspect of the regions’ policies that was rewarded in 2012 with the Nobel Peace Prize. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=pilronline ) [2304] => Array ( [objectID] => 6211 [title] => Discrimination, Torture, and Execution: A Human Rights Analysis of the Death Penalty in California and Louisiana [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/discrimination-torture-and-execution-a-human-rights-analysis-of-the-death-penalty-in-california-and-louisiana/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report focuses itsanalysis on discrimination and torture, cruel inhuman and degrading treatment and foundnumerous human rights violations, including the most basic right – the right to life – in theuse of the death penalty in California and Louisiana. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://ccrjustice.org/files/2013-Death-Penalty-Report.pdf ) [2305] => Array ( [objectID] => 6215 [title] => The 2% Death Penalty: How a Minority of Counties Produce Most Death Cases At Enormous Costs to All [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-2-death-penalty-how-a-minority-of-counties-produce-most-death-cases-at-enormous-costs-to-all/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2% Death PenaltyEXECUTIVE SUMMARYContrary to the assumption that the death penalty is widely practiced across thecountry, it isactuallythe domain of a small percentage of U.S. counties in a handful ofstates. The burdens created by this narrow but aggressive use, however, areshiftedtothe majority of counties that almost never use it.The disparate and highly clustered use of the death penalty raises seriousquestions of unequal and arbitraryapplication of the law. It also forcesthejurisdictionsthat have resisted the death penalty for decadesto pay fora costlylegalprocess thatisoftenmarred withinjustice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/TwoPercentReport.pdf ) [2306] => Array ( [objectID] => 6222 [title] => International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP) Review 2013 [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-commission-against-the-death-penalty-icdp-review-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The International Commission against theDeath Penalty (ICDP) undertook anumber of activities in 2013 to reinforce andconsolidate the global trend toward abolition ofcapital punishment. This is a full report on ICDP’s workin 2013 as well as statistics on global trends on capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.icomdp.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ICDP_Review_2013_report.pdf ) [2307] => Array ( [objectID] => 6244 [title] => Терроризм в Казахстане Смертная казнь не решение проблемы [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%80%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%bc-%d0%b2-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%85%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d1%81%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%bd/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/final-web-Counter-terrorism-in-Kazakhstan-Russian.pdf ) [2308] => Array ( [objectID] => 6245 [title] => Counter terrorism in Kazakhstan: why the death penalty is no solution [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/counter-terrorism-in-kazakhstan-why-the-death-penalty-is-no-solution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report focuses on the death penalty for terrorism related offences, an issue that has exercised many countries. It looks at evolving standards and practice internationally and considers how Kazakhstan can meet its human rights obligations while countering terrorism and maintaining the security of its people. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/New-Counter-terrorism-in-Kazakhstan-final.pdf ) [2309] => Array ( [objectID] => 6249 [title] => Crime and punishment: Public perception, judgment and opinion [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/crime-and-punishment-public-perception-judgment-and-opinion/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2013, PRI commissioned a detailed survey of public opinion about crime, punishment and the death penalty in Belarus.Market researchers, Satio, conducted the survey, interviewing 1,000 participants. The results show that opinions around capital punishment are more varied and nuanced than is often stated, while public attitudes about crime in general are strongly affected by respondents’ social position, background and emotions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Belarus-public-opinion-survey-English-for-publication1.pdf ) [2310] => Array ( [objectID] => 6262 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2013: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2013-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On December 19, the Death Penalty Information Center released its annual report on the latest developments in capital punishment, "The Death Penalty in 2013: Year End Report." In 2013, executions declined, fewer states imposed death sentences, and the size of death row decreased compared to the previous year. The number of states with the death penalty also dropped, and public support for capital punishment registered a 40-year low. There were 39 executions in the U.S., marking only the second time in 19 years that there were less than 40. Just two states, Texas (16) and Florida (7), were responsible for 59% of the executions. The number of death sentences (80) remained near record lows, and several major death penalty states, inclucing Virginia, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Louisiana, imposed no death sentences this year. Maryland became the sixth state in six years to abolish capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/YearEnd2013.pdf ) [2311] => Array ( [objectID] => 6263 [title] => Discrimination, Torture, and Execution: A Human Rights Analysis of the Deathe Penalty in U.S. Prisons [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/discrimination-torture-and-execution-a-human-rights-analysis-of-the-deathe-penalty-in-u-s-prisons/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In May 2013, the Center for Constitutional Rights and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) undertook a fact-finding mission in California and Louisiana to evaluate the death penalty as practiced and experienced in these jurisdictions under a human rights framework. The mission examined whether the death penalty was being applied in a discriminatory manner, and if the conditions on death row met the U.S.’s obligation to prevent and prohibit torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.The mission interviewed death-row prisoners, exonerees and their family members, advocates, legal counsel, and non-governmental organizations in both states, analyzing the information gathered against the backdrop of international human rights law. Based on the interviews conducted and documentary review, the mission concludes that the use of the death penalty in California and Louisiana fails to protect a number of basic rights, rendering the United States in breach of certain fundamental international obligations. Specifically, the mission finds California and Louisiana violate the principle of non-discrimination in the charging, conviction and sentencing of persons to death. Both states treat prisoners condemned to death in a manner that is, at minimum, cruel, inhuman or degrading, and in some cases, constitutes torture. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://ccrjustice.org/files/2013-Death-Penalty-Report.pdf ) [2312] => Array ( [objectID] => 6270 [title] => Report of the General Secretary of the United Nations 2013 [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-general-secretary-of-the-united-nations-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report contains information on the question of the death penalty, and reports that the international community as a whole is moving towards the abolition of the death penalty in law or in practice. Nevertheless, a small number of States have continued to use the death penalty and in many instances, int ernational standards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty were not fully respected. Thereport also discusses the continued difficulties in gaining access to reliable information regarding executions, and issues related to the hum an rights of children of parents sentenced to the death penalty or executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G13/157/38/PDF/G1315738.pdf?OpenElement ) [2313] => Array ( [objectID] => 6271 [title] => Flyer-The Death Penalty in the Context of Public Security: Neither Right, Nor Effective [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/flyer-the-death-penalty-in-the-context-of-public-security-neither-right-nor-effective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Flyer for the Caribbean Conference - The Death Penalty in the Context of Public Security: Neither Right, Nor Effective organised to celebrate the 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty dedicated to the Greater Caribbean, by local civil society in Trinidad and Tobago on October, 1st. 2013 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Flyer-oct-1-13-TT-v2-1.pdf ) [2314] => Array ( [objectID] => 6274 [title] => Oral Statement from the Quaker United Nations Office during the Panel on Children of Parents Sentenced to the Death Penalty or Executed, Human Rights Council, 24th Session. [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/oral-statement-from-the-quaker-united-nations-office-during-the-panel-on-children-of-parents-sentenced-to-the-death-penalty-or-executed-human-rights-council-24th-session/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Oral Statement from the Quaker United Nations Office during the Panel on Children of Parents Sentenced to the Death Penalty or Executed, Human Rights Council, 24th Session. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => ) [2315] => Array ( [objectID] => 6275 [title] => Oral Statement from Penal Reform International during the Panel on Children of Parents Sentenced to the Death Penalty or Executed (Human Rights Council, 24th Session) [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/oral-statement-from-penal-reform-international-during-the-panel-on-children-of-parents-sentenced-to-the-death-penalty-or-executed-human-rights-council-24th-session/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Oral Statement of Penal Reform International during the Panel on Children of Parents Sentenced to the Death Penalty or Executed, Human Rights Council, 24th Session. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/PRI_OralStatement-CPSDPanel-HRC24-1.pdf ) [2316] => Array ( [objectID] => 6284 [title] => 2012 World Day Report [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2012-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => It presents the theme of 2012 World Day, facts on the death penalty and all the actions and media coverage for the 10thWorld Day on the progress made and challenges ahead. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_RapportJM2012-1.pdf ) [2317] => Array ( [objectID] => 6286 [title] => A Death Before Dying: Solitary Confinement on Death Row [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-death-before-dying-solitary-confinement-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Using the results of an ACLU survey of death row conditions nationwide, this briefing paper offers the first comprehensive review of the legal and human implications of subjecting death row prisoners to solitary confinement for years. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/deathbeforedying-report.pdf ) [2318] => Array ( [objectID] => 6287 [title] => Trial and Errors : The Texas Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/trial-and-errors-the-texas-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => TRIAL & ERROR takes a thorough look at the most controversial issues of the Texas Death Penalty that have raised questions of fairness and equality. Read words of inmates on death row in interviews conducted by the Amiti Organization, then judge for yourself whether the Death Penalty is administering justice or injustice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.lulu.com/shop/lisa-maxwell/trial-error/paperback/product-20985682.html#ratingsReview ) [2319] => Array ( [objectID] => 6290 [title] => The Death Penalty in Malaysia: Public opinion on the mandatory drug trafficking, murder and firearm offences [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-malaysia-public-opinion-on-the-mandatory-drug-trafficking-murder-and-firearm-offences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study reports the findings of a major public opinion survey of the views of a representative sample of 1,535 Malaysian citizens on this issue. A large majority said they were in favour of the death penalty, whether mandatory or discretionary: 91% for murder, 74 to 80% for drug trafficking depending on the drug concerned, and 83% for firearms offences. Concerning the mandatory death penalty, a majority of 56% said they were in favour of it for murder, but only between 25% and 44% for drug trafficking and 45% for firearms offences. When asked to say what sentences they would themselves impose on a series of ‘scenario’ cases, all of which were subject to a mandatory death sentence, a large gap was found between the level of support ‘in theory’ and the level of support when faced with the ‘reality [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://portfolio.cpl.co.uk/DPP/Malaysia-report/ ) [2320] => Array ( [objectID] => 6297 [title] => Representing Individuals Facing the Death Penalty: A Best Practices Manual [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/representing-individuals-facing-the-death-penalty-a-best-practices-manual/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This manual was written by Death Penalty Worldwide, a project affiliated with the Center for International Human Rights at Northwestern University School of Law, and the law firm of Fredrikson & Byron, P.A. The manual aims to provide lawyers with legal arguments and strategic guidance in their representation of individuals facing the death penalty around the world. It sets forth the best practices in the defense of capital cases, based on the experiences of advocates around the world, international human rights principles, and the jurisprudence of both national courts and international tribunals. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-Death_Penalty_Manual_-_final_copy_01_16_13-1.pdf ) [2321] => Array ( [objectID] => 6301 [title] => Turning the tide in the Caribbean: towards an end to the death penalty [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/turning-the-tide-in-the-caribbean-towards-an-end-to-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This toolkit is for activists working towards the abolition of the death penalty in the English-speaking Caribbean. Drawing on many years of Amnesty International's work to promote all human rights and to oppose violations of those rights, including the death penalty, it provides practical tips and suggestions for advocacy and campaigning. It sets out key arguments and relevant international human rights standards and provides information about resources that activists can use to strengthen and broaden the campaign against the death penalty in the English-speaking Caribbean. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR05/001/2013/en/ce76d237-d5ea-4f13-a7bc-a9a80de39663/amr050012013en.pdf ) [2322] => Array ( [objectID] => 6315 [title] => How States Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-states-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document reviews the processes towards abolition of capital punishment through studying the experiences of 13 States. Drawing on these lessons and experiences, the document provides guidance to States on how to abolish the Death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.icomdp.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Report-How-States-abolition-the-death-penalty.pdf ) [2323] => Array ( [objectID] => 6316 [title] => أحكام الإعدام وما نُفذ منها في عام 2012 [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%86%d9%8f%d9%81%d8%b0-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => يغطي التقرير الحالي اللجوء إلى فرض عقوبة الإعدام على الصعيد القضائي خلال الفترة من يناير/كانون الثانيإلى ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2012 . وتدوّن منظمة العفو الدولية الأرقام المتعلقة بفرض عقوبة الإعدام بناء علىأفضل المعلومات المتوافرة لديها. وكما جرى في سابق السنوات، تُجمع المعلومات من طائفة من المصادر المتنوعة،بما في ذلك الأرقام والإحصاءات الرسمية، والمعلومات المستقاة من الأفراد المحكومين بالإعدام، وعائلاتهم وممثليهم،وتقارير الإبلاغ الواردة من منظمات المجتمع المدني، والتقارير الإعلامية. ولا تبلغ منظمة العفو الدولية إلا عنالأرقام التي يمكن استنباطها على أسس سليمة مستقاة من البحوث التي تقوم بها. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2013/en/b769934a-2003-45cf-9682-12044551882a/act500012013ar.pdf ) [2324] => Array ( [objectID] => 6317 [title] => Death Sentences and executions in 2012 [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report covers the judicial use of death penalty for the period January to December 2012.It summarises Amnesty International's global research on the death penalty. Information was gathered from various sources including official statistics (where available), non-governmental and inter-governmental organizations, human rights defenders, the media and interviews with survivors of human rights violations [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2013/en/bbfea0d6-39b2-4e5f-a1ad-885a8eb5c607/act500012013en.pdf ) [2325] => Array ( [objectID] => 6319 [title] => Summary Report for the United Nations Human Rights Council March 2013 [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/summary-report-for-the-united-nations-human-rights-council-march-2013/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report depicts the prisonners convicted of ordinary crimes's treatment in Iran [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.iranrights.org/english/attachments/doc_4335.pdf ) [2326] => Array ( [objectID] => 6320 [title] => Annual Report: Death Penalty in Iran 2012 [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-death-penalty-in-iran-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report denounces the judicial use of the death penalty in Iran in 2012 [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.iranhr.net/media/files/FINAL-Rapport_iran_2012-GB-250313-HD.pdf ) [2327] => Array ( [objectID] => 6328 [title] => Annual Report [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The information presented in this annual report covers the situation about death penalty cases, regarding Puerto Ricans who face death penalty proceedings in the federal jurisdiction, as well as in those states of the U.S. where such punishment is strictly upheld, and a case of petition for extradition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/PRCADP-AnnualReport2012-EN-1.pdf ) [2328] => Array ( [objectID] => 6330 [title] => Juvenile Offenders Awaiting Execution in Yemen : “Look at Us with a Merciful Eye” [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/juvenile-offenders-awaiting-execution-in-yemen-look-at-us-with-a-merciful-eye/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 30-page report found that at least 22 individuals have been sentenced to death in Yemen despite evidence that they were under age 18 at the time of their alleged crimes. In the last five years, Yemen has executed at least 15 young men and women who said they were under 18 at the time of their offense. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/yemen0313_ForUpload_2_0.pdf ) [2329] => Array ( [objectID] => 6351 [title] => A global approach to human rights case law [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-global-approach-to-human-rights-case-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Our vision is to build a database that brings together all the case law of international human rights bodies. It will be the first to make human rights case law available in a coherent manner, break new grounds in terms of accessibility and on top of that will encourage sense-making by adding tools that help the user to go beyond the text. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.huridocs.org/2012/12/a-global-approach-to-human-rights-case-law/?utm_source=General+Mailing+List&utm_campaign=14db282331-Newsletter_1_Mailchimp_11_5_2012&utm_medium=email ) [2330] => Array ( [objectID] => 6352 [title] => REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN JAMAICA [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-on-the-situation-of-human-rights-in-jamaica/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report presents the conclusions of monitoring by the IACHR in recent years, including an on-site visit to Jamaica in December 2008, several public hearings on human rights in the country, as well as a constant exchange of information with the State and civil society organizations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/docs/pdf/Jamaica2012eng.pdf ) [2331] => Array ( [objectID] => 6361 [title] => Emergency Exit: Which actions for supporting offenders close te release? [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/emergency-exit-which-actions-for-supporting-offenders-close-te-release/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In a recent research , Emergency Exit: Which actions for supporting offenders close te release?, 13 key practices have proven to help resettle successfully ex offenders into society at their exit of prison and prevent them from re-offending. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.save-anthony.com/breaking-the-cycle-of-violence.html ) [2332] => Array ( [objectID] => 6364 [title] => The Contemporary American Struggle with Death Penalty Law: Selected Topics and Cases [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-contemporary-american-struggle-with-death-penalty-law-selected-topics-and-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The U.S.-China Death Penalty Reform Project of the U.S.-Asia Law Institute (USALI) at New York University School of Law is a product of cooperation between USALI and Chinese experts during the recent period of death penalty law reform in China and the U.S. It includes the full text of USALI’s U.S. death penalty law casebook, The Contemporary American Struggle with Death Penalty Law: Selected Topics and Cases, in English and Chinese, and an online forum for discussion and questions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://usali-dp.org/introduction/ ) [2333] => Array ( [objectID] => 6365 [title] => Infographic: Death Penalty in California [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/infographic-death-penalty-in-california/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty in the state of California continues to be a major focus, due in part to the burden it places on tax payers. Our goal with this infographic was to examine the facts, and the facts alone. Even though Proposition 34 did not pass in the most recent election, this issue will continue to be argued and remain a pressing issue, especially during difficult economic times. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => http://californiainnocenceproject.org/blog/2012/12/18/death-penalty-infographic/ ) [2334] => Array ( [objectID] => 6366 [title] => Innocence Lost: A Play About Steven Truscott [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/innocence-lost-a-play-about-steven-truscott/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 1959, the Canadian justice system nearly killed an innocent 14-year-old boy. The fact that Steven Truscott was wrongly convicted of the rape and murder of 12-year-old Lynne Harper that year, and sentenced to hang, now seems surreal. All the more so since he's alive and well and living quietly with his family after 10 years of unjust incarceration - and many more years as an obscure factory worker, father and grandfather, after suffering the consequences of a destroyed reputation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => www.centaurtheatre.com ) [2335] => Array ( [objectID] => 6368 [title] => Guía práctica para la sociedad civil: FONDOS, SUBVENCIONES Y BECAS DE DERECHOS HUMANOS [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guia-practica-para-la-sociedad-civil-fondos-subvenciones-y-becas-de-derechos-humanos/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Esta Guía práctica para la sociedad civil: fondos, subvenciones y becas de derechos humanos contiene una breve descripción de las fuentes de financiación, las subvenciones y las becas administradas por o con la participación de la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos (ACNUDH). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/AboutUs/CivilSociety/OHCHRFundsGuide_sp.pdf ) [2336] => Array ( [objectID] => 6370 [title] => جماربو حنِملاو ق [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%88-%d8%ad%d9%86%d9%90%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%88-%d9%82/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => يق |ناسنلإا قوقحل ةيماسلا ةدحتملا مملأا ةيضوفم بتكم / | |2013||externe | | http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/AboutUs/CivilSociety/OHCHRFundsGuide_ar.pdf|OHCHR-2013|Academic report|International law, Networks, |en12671|OHCHR Practical Guide for Civil Society: Human Rights Funds, Grants and Fellowships|This Practical Guide - the fourth in the series of practical guides for civil society - provides a brief description of funding sources, grants and fellowships administered by or with the participation of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). |Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights / | |2013||externe | | http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/AboutUs/CivilSociety/OHCHRFundsGuide_en.pdf|OHCHR-2013|Academic report|International law, Networks, |en12670|Fighting for Their Lives: Inside the Experience of Capital Defense Attorneys|How do attorneys who represent clients facing the death penalty cope with the stress and trauma of their work? Through conversations with twenty of the most experienced and dedicated post-conviction capital defenders in the United States, Fighting for Their Lives explores this emotional territory for the first time|Susannah Sheffer / Vanderbilt University Press / | |2013|United States|externe | | http://www.susannahsheffer.com/fighting-for-their-lives.html||Book|Country/Regional profiles, |en12669|Invers Theatre Company presents A Cry Too Far From Heaven" [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => ) [2337] => Array ( [objectID] => 6371 [title] => The death penalty and the “most serious crimes”: A country -by -country overview of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-and-the-most-serious-crimes-a-country-by-country-overview-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document provides brief commentary on the concept of “most serious crimes”, followed by a country by country overview of criminal offences punishable by death in retentionist states [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.icomdp.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Most-serious-crimes_final_6Feb2013.pdf ) [2338] => Array ( [objectID] => 6372 [title] => Report on roundtable on the abolition of the death penalty, Madrid October 2012 [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-on-roundtable-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-madrid-october-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The purpose of the Round Table was to review developments on the death penalty and to identify legal and political challenges and opportunities for the coming five years. The meeting covered country, regional and thematic questions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.icomdp.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/ICDP-report-roundtable-Madrid-8-October-2012-Final.pdf ) [2339] => Array ( [objectID] => 6373 [title] => Foreign Nationals and the Death Penalty in the US [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/foreign-nationals-and-the-death-penalty-in-the-us/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => New information on foreign nationals facing the death penalty in the U.S. is now available through Mark Warren of Human Rights Research. This DPIC page includes information on 143 foreign citizens from 37 countries on state and federal death rows. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/foreign-nationals-and-death-penalty-us ) [2340] => Array ( [objectID] => 6374 [title] => Report on Taiwan and Art.6 ICCPR [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-on-taiwan-and-art-6-iccpr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In view of Taiwan’s Human Rights Review in the framework of the ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty submitted a report regarding the situation of the death penalty in Taiwan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP_Taiwan-Jan2013-EN-1.doc ) [2341] => Array ( [objectID] => 6586 [title] => What is the OSCE? [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/what-is-the-osce/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Europe faces new threats and challenges. The OSCE, with its multi-faceted approach to security, offers the region a forum for political dialogue and negotiations and a platform for multilateral partnerships that pursue practical work on the ground. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/secretariat/35775?download=true ) [2342] => Array ( [objectID] => 6729 [title] => Death Penalty Trends [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-trends/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This sheet speaks about the trend towards abolition of the death penalty, aswell as declining public support for it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-trends/page.do?id=1011572 ) [2343] => Array ( [objectID] => 6731 [title] => Death Penalty and Mental Illness [timestamp] => 1356998400 [date] => 01/01/2013 [annee] => 2013 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-and-mental-illness/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The execution of those with mental illness or "the insane" is clearly prohibited by international law. Virtually every country in the world prohibits the execution of people with mental illness. This webpage explores international law and the death penalty in relation to the USA. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-and-mental-illness/page.do?id=1101090 ) [2344] => Array ( [objectID] => 4657 [title] => American death penalty area shrank further in 2012 [timestamp] => 1355961600 [date] => 20/12/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/american-death-penalty-area-shrank-further-in-2012/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e9d7f32b28c31ec31667cb005f4d790c_2-500x338.jpg [extrait] => Only nine US states carried out executions this year, the lowest number in 20 years, according to a new report released by the independent organisation Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC). [texte] => More than half of the states (29) either have no death penalty or have not carried out an execution in five years. The number of executions in 2012 (43) was 56 percent less than the peak in 1999 and equal to last year’s total. The number of new death sentences in 2012 was the second lowest since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976. Seventy-eight people were sentenced to death in 2012, representing a 75 percent decline since 1996 when there were 315 sentences.Many death penalty states with histories of high use had no new death sentences or no executions in 2012. North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia (which is second to Texas in total executions since 1976) had no death sentences and no executions.“Marginalised and meaningless”“Capital punishment is becoming marginalised and meaningless in most of the country,” said Richard Dieter, DPIC’s Executive Director and the author of the report (watch the video below). “In 2012, fewer states have the death penalty, fewer carried out executions, and death sentences and executions were clustered in a small number of states. It is very likely that more states will take up the question of death penalty repeal in the years ahead.” Just four states (Texas, Oklahoma, Mississippi, and Arizona) were responsible for over three-quarters of executions nationwide. Death sentences were also primarily imposed in a few areas, with four states (Florida, California, Texas, and Alabama) accounting for two-thirds of the nation’s death sentences.The number of states with the death penalty declined this year as Connecticut joined 16 other states that have repealed the death penalty. Illinois abolished the death penalty in 2011. Five states in five years have abandoned capital punishment; the other three were New York, New Jersey, and New Mexico. California came close to repealing the death penalty by a ballot measure in November. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2345] => Array ( [objectID] => 4658 [title] => World’s nations call for execution freeze [timestamp] => 1355961600 [date] => 20/12/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/worlds-nations-call-for-execution-freeze/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d260465d8b8b61441edf9f428ae35f58_2-1-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the adoption by a growing number of United Nations member States of a fourth resolution calling for a universal moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => On December 20th 2012 the UN General Assembly voted in favor of its fourth resolution for a “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty” following previous resolutions in 2007, 2008 and 2010.The resolution has gained support over the years and is now cosponsored by 91 States. The cosponsors have decided to reiterate what they had stated in the past, but also to introduce new elements to make the text stronger in encouraging all States to take further steps towards respecting international law and reducing the application of the death penalty.Vulnerable groupsIn paragraph 4(c), the sponsors of the resolution mentioned for the first time the protection of vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and minors. Although other groups that should receive special protection are missing, such as people affected by mental disabilities and the elderly, this paragraph is crucial because some countries still apply the death penalty for pregnant women and minors despite the protections established in international law.The second innovative element is paragraph 6, which encourages all States to ratify the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty. This paragraph, which also targets abolitionist States, points in the same direction as the campaign led by the World Coalition regarding the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and aims to put a definitive end to the death penalty in those States that ratify the Protocol.A human rights perspectiveThe resolution also welcomes the efforts made by certain States to curb the use of the death penalty by reducing the number of capital crimes and by applying a moratorium on executions. These efforts are seen in a human rights perspective, as the text underlines that a moratorium on the use of the death penalty contributes to respect for human dignity and to the enhancement and progressive development of human rights.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the increasing support for the resolution (+2 States) and congratulates the 111 governments that voted in favour of it. The World Coalition regrets that 41 States (=) voted against the resolution and that 34 abstained. Seven were absent.Positive news came from Africa where the Central African Republic, Chad, Seychelles, Sierra Leone and South Sudan supported the resolution for the first time, raising hope for abolitionists in the continent even though Namibia went from supporting the resolution to abstention.In the Arab World, while Tunisia reaffirmed the positive vote already expressed in the Third committee, Bahrain and Oman went from abstention to a negative vote. In Asia, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia moved from opposition to abstention while Maldives and Sri Lanka went from a vote in favour to abstention.In the Caribbean, the World Coalition’s target region for next year’s World Day Against the Death Penalty, Dominica regrettably went from abstention to opposition.The text of the new resolution requests the UN Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its 69th session on the implementation of this fourth resolution. Another resolution on a moratorium will be then further discussed under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms” in 2014. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain [1] => Central African Republic [2] => Chad [3] => Dominica [4] => Maldives [5] => Oman [6] => Papua New Guinea [7] => Seychelles [8] => Sierra Leone [9] => South Sudan [10] => Sri Lanka [11] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles [1] => Moratorium [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2346] => Array ( [objectID] => 4661 [title] => Call to end flawed Caribbean death penalty [timestamp] => 1355097600 [date] => 10/12/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/call-to-end-flawed-caribbean-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9f40002f3656d37fab7264b324a5440c_2-500x340.jpg [extrait] => An appeal signed by local organizations and a new report by Amnesty International denounce multiple human rights violations in the use of capital punishment in the region and ask governments to “remove the death penalty once and for all from the law books”. [texte] => On the occasion of Human Rights Day this December 10, 23 Caribbean civil society organisations signed an appeal “calling on governments in the region to take steps towards ending the death penalty”. The signatories stated that “the death penalty violates the right to life as enshrined in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights” whose anniversary date marks Human rights day every year.Amnesty International, one of the signatories and a member of the World Coalition, also released a report titled “Death penalty in the English-speaking Caribbean: a human rights issue”. The report reads: “While the world is moving away from the death penalty, decision-makers in English-speaking Caribbean countries continue to present the death penalty as a solution to crime while failing so far to effectively address the root causes of rising violent crime and overhaul ailing inadequate criminal justice systems.”In the words of Dr Arif Bulkan, a Guyanese attorney quoted in the report, “governments like the death penalty, they like to fall back on it because it looks like you are doing something if you hang people but in effect you are not achieving anything”.Amnesty points to 12 countries that are actively supporting the use of the death penalty, contrary to the global trend towards abolition: Antigua and Barbuda the Bahamas Barbados Belize Dominica Guyana Grenada Jamaica St Lucia St Kitts and Nevis St Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago.“Hanging is but a simplistic solution”The report identifies many problems surrounding the application of capital punishment, from mandatory death sentences that exclude mitigating circumstances in violation of international law, to the use of the death penalty against people with mental disabilities and failures to ensure due process and fair trials.Amnesty highlights arguments from local abolitionists, including reminders that capital punishment does not deter crime. “Hanging is but a simplistic solution designed more for revenge than deterrence…The anger that rages within those affected by these gruesome killings is understandable…This is where level-headed leadership is needed to direct us away from our most primitive, animalistic instincts and towards effective solutions for a perplexing problem,” wrote Jamaican attorney Din Duggan in a newspaper column last year.Activists have been organising at the regional level and formed the Greater Caribbean for Life network following a conference organised by the Community of Sant’Egidio, another World Coalition member, one year ago.“A populist measure to keep the electorate happy”“While Central and Southern American countries are mostly abolitionists, with Venezuela being the first modern state to have done so in 1863, most Caribbean islands retain the death penalty. However, when looking at the practice, Caribbean governments' calls for the death penalty seem a populist measure to keep the electorate happy,” Javier Zúñig of Amnesty International and Leela Ramdeen, member of the Steering Committee of Greater Caribbean for Life wrote in a column in the Trinidad Express on November 30.“Flaws in the exercise of due process and systemic failures in the judicial system have meant that death sentences have been frequently overturned. Executions are rare, with the last one being recorded in St Kitts and Nevis in 2008, death rows are empty in Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Cuba and Dominica and at least four countries have not passed death sentences since 2005,” they added.Amnesty’s report concludes with a call for a moratorium on executions in line with United Nations resolutions and for the commutation of all death sentences. Amnesty also asks Caribbean governments to “immediately remove all provisions in national laws that violate international human rights law” and “reform and improve criminal justice systems”.The organisation is preparing to publish additional resources to help regional abolitionists.The World Coalition has decided to focus on the Caribbean for the 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10, 2013. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda [1] => Bahamas [2] => Barbados [3] => Belize [4] => Dominica [5] => Grenada [6] => Guyana [7] => Jamaica [8] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [9] => Saint Lucia [10] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [11] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Intellectual Disability [2] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2347] => Array ( [objectID] => 4662 [title] => Justice ministers meet as Colosseum lights up to say yes to life [timestamp] => 1355097600 [date] => 10/12/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/justice-ministers-meet-as-colosseum-lights-up-to-say-yes-to-life/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/016b4e6ad6879a8ae3b23024d2c04f99_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The Community of Sant’Egidio conducted a crucial political networking exercise in favour of abolition in Rome at the end of November before 1,600 cities lit up their monuments against the death penalty. [texte] => World Coalition member organization, the Community of Sant’Egidio hosted the 7th edition of the International Conference of Ministers of Justice in Rome on November 27, which issued a strong “Yes” to respect for life in opposition to the death penalty.Delegations of governments and parliaments also attended the meeting.Twenty countries from Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe were represented. Representatives for Switzerland and the European Union, which sponsored the conference, and for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, also took part, as did one for Connecticut, the last U.S. state to have abolished the death penalty in April this year.Over the years such conferences of justice ministers have been unique opportunities for the development of strategies to support abolitionist processes already in place or yet to be started in the participating countries.That is what happened in recent times in Burundi, Gabon, Benin, Togo, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Mongolia, where discussions started at Sant'Egidio were a significant impulse in their move to the abolish the gallows. The conference is a true laboratory of ideas and projects that governments and civil societies take from Rome and put into practice in their home countries.Discriminatory and racistThe event was also an opportunity to take stock on the situation of abolitionist forces in the world. French Justice Minister Robert Badinter recalled that when he removed the death penalty from the books in 1981, France was only the 37th country to abolish the death penalty, “but now over 150 states have abolished or suspended it”. Badinter also highlighted the often discriminatory and racist character of the death penalty. “I've never seen the son of a banker or a great lawyer end up on death row,” he added.This was echoed by Mario Marazziti, spokesman for the Community of Sant'Egidio and Vice President of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, who presented American research showing that of the 15,978 sentences handed until 1989 in US history, only 30 have concerned white criminals whose victims were black.On the issue of miscarriage of justice, Connecticut academic and senior police officer George Kai said: “You can make terrible mistakes and when an innocent person is killed, the error is irreparable.”Good news from AfricaThe minister of Zimbabwe, Theresa Makone, announced that her country had not executed anybody for 32 years and she stressed her personal opposition to a justice that would claim the right to kill. The delegate from the Central African Republic, Dominique Panguindji, is pushing for the swift formation of a parliamentary committee that would support a bill for the removal of the death penalty in law.Such a journey resembles the one Mongolia has embarked on two years ago to abolish the death penalty. After the Asian nation acceded to the United Nations Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty in June, the Parliament has presented a bill that would amend the Criminal Code and eliminate the death penalty. The Democratic Party deputy Odontuya Saldan committed herself to accelerating the process after she returns from Rome.Constitutional expert Valerio Onida reiterated that there is no exception to the right to life. Yet appeared to exist for Marat Rakhmanov for months after he was wrongly sentenced to death in 2001 in Uzbekistan. He came to Rome and told the ministers of his anguished experience in the dungeons of Samarkand, dark places of unspeakable torture where the end could be decided at any time, without notice to himself or to his family.Illuminating monuments to raise awarenessTwo days after the meeting, the annual celebration Cities for Life took place including an event at Rome’s Colosseum. The initiative, started by Sant'Egidio, brought together more than 1,600 cities worldwide who officially said “No” to the death penalty by illuminating their most characteristic monuments and organizing public forums.The annual event aims to raise the awareness of civil society at the global level and to support the growing consensus around the abolition of capital punishment. The campaign is organized In memory of the first fall of the scaffold in Europe, which took place in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany on November 30, 1786.Music alternated with readings of works by Dostoevsky and Hugo and testimonies of exonerated death row prisoners including Fernando Bermudez and Shuja Graham from the US. The event saw the presence of strenuous activists such as Dave Atwood, who has been fighting to end to executions in Texas for years, and Tamara Chikunova, a Russian lawyer who overturned more than 90 death sentences in Uzbekistan before the death penalty became history there on January 1st 2008.Some Ministers of Justice joined the event and reiterated their commitment to cancel capital punishment in their countries. The lighting of the Coliseum this year was dedicated to Connecticut, the 17th U.S. state to have abolished the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Burundi [2] => Central African Republic [3] => France [4] => Gabon [5] => Italy [6] => Kazakhstan [7] => Kyrgyzstan [8] => Mongolia [9] => Switzerland [10] => Togo [11] => United States [12] => Uzbekistan [13] => Zimbabwe ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2348] => Array ( [objectID] => 4663 [title] => Building a death penalty-free future in Asia [timestamp] => 1354752000 [date] => 06/12/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/building-a-death-penalty-free-future-in-asia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/13da999d179a53942e6095bf9777ec5a_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Ways to strengthen transregional action led by Asian activists and ideas to combat obstruction from national authorities were among the issues discussed at the third ADPAN consultative meeting. [texte] => The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) held its Third Consultative Meeting in Hong Kong between 23 and 25 November 2012.The main aim of the meeting was to discuss the future of ADPAN and its potential long-term activities and issues to focus on in the coming years. The event was also a good opportunity for the participants to share experience and good practices for abolition of the death penalty in the region.The need for transregional work led by Asians in AsiaLouise Vischer, the coordinator of ADPAN, spoke about the evolution of ADPAN since its creation six years ago: “The growth of ADPAN has been spectacular. From 15 members in 2006, ADPAN has now over 70 members, whether they are individuals or organizations, in 26 countries.”Since 2006, progress made in Asia includes fewer executions in the region, a growing movement led by Asian civil society, bar associations coming out against the death penalty (in Malaysia and Japan) and progress made in individual countries.For example, Mongolia has established a moratorium on the death penalty and ratified the Second Optional Protocol for the abolition of the death penalty. China and Vietnam reduced the number of crimes punishable by death and Malaysia and Singapore are moving toward limitation of the mandatory death penalty for drugs.Members of APDAN all agreed that they wanted the network to play a bigger role in the region and discussions about ADPAN’s future were particularly constructive. They made it clear that ADPAN should be focusing on sharing more information, experience and strategies, but with Asian references; and that it should organise joint actions to show that there is cross-regional support and to influence the trend towards abolition of the death penalty in the region.They also identified cross-regional issues where ADPAN could have an added value such as terrorism, drug offenses, mandatory death penalty, unfair trials, religions, migrant workers, legal support and ASEAN.An ongoing debate in AsiaThe meeting took place during the difficult context of executions resuming in Pakistan and India after a suspension of four and eight years respectively. All the participants were aware of the challenges that lay ahead, but they believed that by sharing experiences from the region, they could change things in their countries.Sinapan Samydorai of the Think Center spoke about the recent debate around drug issues in Singapore and how it may influence Malaysia. “It was the first time there was a full debate about the death penalty in the Parliament, and the first time some Members of the Parliament actually called for abolition. But it was voted really quickly to avoid media and public attention,” he said. “Campaigning in Asia is about consistency and long term planning.”Ngeow Chow Ying, from the Malaysia Campaign, talked about its chosen strategy of starting the campaign by focusing on one single case to raise awareness and change public opinion. “We started the Save Yong Vui Kong Campaign because this case represented all the problems of the death penalty in Malaysia, such as the problem of access to justice, especially for foreigners and poor people.”ChallengesOthers spoke about the challenges they face. Sutharee Wannasiri of Amnesty International Thailand said that her country had adopted the abolition of the death penalty in its Human Rights Action Plan in 2009, but that no action had been taken since then. “There has been no debate in parliament, and Thailand rejected all the death penalty abolition recommendations made during its Universal Periodic Review by the UN Human Rights Council,” she said.In China, the lack of independence of judges and bar associations and the control of the media by the government make it very difficult for civil society to educate people.In total, 41 participants from 19 different countries attended the meeting. These include representatives of organisations and individual members from Australia, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia [1] => Bangladesh [2] => China [3] => India [4] => Indonesia [5] => Japan [6] => Malaysia [7] => Mongolia [8] => Pakistan [9] => Philippines [10] => Republic of Korea [11] => Singapore [12] => Taiwan [13] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2349] => Array ( [objectID] => 4664 [title] => West African ACATs focus on public opinion and lobbying [timestamp] => 1354060800 [date] => 28/11/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/west-african-acats-focus-on-public-opinion-and-lobbying/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/17e3208f970cb396bbb173098329ebed_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Participants to the meeting held by FIACAT in Senegal mid-November received training on regional abolitionist activism and set priorities for their actions. [texte] => FIACAT and ACAT Senegal held a training seminar on the death penalty in Dakar between 12-14 November for the 9 member organizations of its network active in West Africa.The event was an opportunity for the participants to share experience and good practices to abolish the death penalty in the region.Two delegates from each of the nine ACATs active in West Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo) took part in the seminar, which aimed to draw up strategies for:- the abolition of the death penalty in Africa;- the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;- the adoption of the resolution calling for a global moratorium on executions, on which the United Nations General Assembly is due to vote in December.Strategic prioritiesThe participants benefited from the expertise of Prof Carlson Anyangwe, a member of the Death Penalty Working Group of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR). He gave a broad account of the death penalty situation in Africa and introduced the ACHPR’s work on the death penalty as well as the strategic priorities of its Commission for abolition.ACAT Benin’s co-ordinator Pascal Zohoun explained the strategies used by ACAT Benin to achieve the repeal of the death penalty and the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol in Benin.ACAT Côte d’Ivoire president Paul Angaman discussed the positive role radio can play in the promotion of human rights and shared the experience of the programme he presents twice a month.Finally, FIACAT secretariat member Guillaume Colin gave the participants explanations on the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and on the United Nations General Assembly resolutions calling for a moratorium on executions.Public opinionThe presentations alternated with workshops during which the participants discussed strategies to be implemented at the regional and national level to abolish the death penalty.Those discussions highlighted the importance of winning over public opinion. ACATs decided to work with traditional and religious leaders and with the media to plead with public opinion in favour of the abolition of capital punishment.ACATs also pointed to the need for continued lobbying of their countries’ authorities to convince them to abolish the death penalty and to ratify international instruments.Another seminar will follow for ACATs in Central Africa, and FIACAT is planning to draw up an action plan with regional ACATs to bolster the abolitionist struggle in Africa.The Dakar event was also an opportunity for FIACAT to meet the Senegalese authorities to encourage them to vote in favour of the resolution calling for a moratorium on executions currently debated at the UN General Assembly. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Burkina Faso [2] => Côte d'Ivoire [3] => Ghana [4] => Liberia [5] => Mali [6] => Niger [7] => Senegal [8] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2350] => Array ( [objectID] => 4665 [title] => Drug-busting aid to Iran must be frozen [timestamp] => 1353974400 [date] => 27/11/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/drug-busting-aid-to-iran-must-be-frozen/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6b80e7d74f4fde785a56d8f66f59f683_2-500x257.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition is calling on international donors to stop helping Iran enforce abusive capital drug laws. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is calling on donor states and UN agencies to “freeze current drug enforcement funding and technical assistance to Iran until a moratorium on executions for drug offences is implemented”.In a statement, World Coalition member organizations wrote: “We are shocked that despite well-documented evidence, donors continue to facilitate serious human rights violations in the name of drug control.”Tortured into “confessions”Iran retains notoriously draconian laws and systematically violates the human rights of people accused of drug offences.Suspects are interrogated without the presence of a lawyer and some are tortured into ‘confessions’. These are used against them in court, where they are convicted without legal counsel or the ability to review the evidence against them and sentenced to death without a right of appeal.Out of 676 executions carried out in Iran last year, more than 80% were for drug offences, according to a recent report by Harm Reduction International (HRI), a member of the World Coalition.Most recently, on 22 October 2012, 10 people were hanged in a prison in Tehran after being convicted of drug offences. It followed a plea from three United Nations human rights bodies for a halt to executions in the country.Two days later, the UN special rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Christof Heyns, issued his own report, calling on states and international organizations including the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to ensure that their financial or technical support does not facilitate breaches of international law.“While the elaboration of guidelines points in the right direction, actual practice has not been sufficiently modified accordingly and remains a matter of concern. For example, UNODC and some States are actively involved in the Islamic Republic of Iran, where more than 1,400 people have reportedly been executed since the beginning of 2010, most of them on drug-related charges,” Mr Heyns wrote.Millions of dollarsHRI has documented millions of dollars in assistance to Iran for drug control programmes, often through the UN, from donors including France, Japan, the United Kingdom, Belgium and Ireland.In a report published last June, HRI cited the example of a $4-million UNODC Afghan-Iran drug border control project funded by the European Commission and the government of Austria between 2004 and 2008.“During the lifetime of the project, sixteen Afghan children were arrested by Iranian border authorities, convicted of trafficking drugs across the Afghanistan/Iran border and sentenced to death by hanging in Iran,” HRI wrote. “While there is not necessarily a direct linkage between the police training and executions, the example illustrates the human rights environment in which such projects are run without appropriate safeguards.”Despite increased executions in Iran and serious due process concerns, such funds and UN assistance continue. The UN Office on Drugs and Crime recently appeared in international media defending the Iranian authorities’ actions and downplaying its own connections to rights abuses.Immoral and illegalIranian officials maintain that executions of drug offenders act as a deterrent, but there is no evidence to support this.The World Coalition is urging donors to ensure, through rigorous safeguard processes, that their anti-drug funding does not facilitate abuses which they themselves consider immoral and which violate their obligations under international law.“Given ongoing grave human rights concerns related to drug control in Iran, including the lack of due process, the application of the mandatory death penalty and the high rate of executions for drug offences, the time has come for donors and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime to freeze such support;” World Coalition members said. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2351] => Array ( [objectID] => 4666 [title] => UN General Assembly Committee adopts draft moratorium resolution [timestamp] => 1353369600 [date] => 20/11/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-general-assembly-committee-adopts-draft-moratorium-resolution/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a24af2a2acbe0cc756a88c01938a1ce8_2-500x270.jpg [extrait] => A majority of the world’s nations have approved a text calling for a global moratorium on executions, with stronger support than in a previous vote two years ago. [texte] => On 19 November 2012, the UN General Assembly’s Third Committee, which addresses social, humanitarian and human rights issues, voted in support of its fourth resolution for a “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”.The resolution, sponsored by 91 member states, was approved with 110 votes in favor (+1 compared to the vote on the last resolution in 2010), 39 votes against (-2) and 36 abstentions (+1). Eight states were not present at the time of the vote.The text includes a call “upon all States” to “establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty”.Five amendments seeking to weaken the strength of the resolution preceded the debate and the vote. The majority of UN member states rejected all five amendments through a recorded vote.According to the rules of procedure, member states can take the floor for a general statement on the resolution they are about to vote on, and after voting to explain their position.The vote was preceded by statements by Croatia (for the resolution), India (against), Vietnam (against), Singapore (against) and Sudan (against). Once the results were announced the following states took the floor: Malaysia (against), Indonesia (abstention), Bangladesh (against), Suriname (abstention), Japan (against), Morocco (abstention), Cuba (abstention), Egypt (against) and Botswana (against).Of particular interest for the World Coalition and its members was the statement delivered by the Moroccan representative. While defending his country's position to abstain, he mentioned the efforts made in country to raise the debate on the issue of the death penalty and the Regional Congress recently organized in Rabat by ECPM, OMDH and the Moroccan Coalition.More support from Africa and AsiaThe voting chart shows that there were important steps forward especially in Africa where the Central African Republic and Niger voted in support of the resolution for the first time, as well as South Sudan, which took part in the vote for the first time after gaining independence in 2011.Signs of change also came from Asia, the largest retentionist region in the world, with Afghanistan, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea passing from opposition to abstention. Unfortunately Sri Lanka and Maldives moved from a positive vote to abstention.In the Arab World, Tunisia participated in the vote for the first time and supported the resolution. This important development in the region was balanced by the withdrawal of Oman and Mauritania’s support for the resolution. They switched from abstention to a negative vote.This vote is a first step in the life of the resolution that now needs to be voted on by the General Assembly plenary towards the end of December. It will then become an official UN resolution.The World Coalition, together with its members will continue its campaign to increase this already positive result. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => Bangladesh [2] => Botswana [3] => Central African Republic [4] => Croatia [5] => Cuba [6] => Egypt [7] => India [8] => Indonesia [9] => Japan [10] => Malaysia [11] => Maldives [12] => Mauritania [13] => Morocco [14] => Niger [15] => Oman [16] => Singapore [17] => South Sudan [18] => Sri Lanka [19] => Sudan [20] => Suriname [21] => Tunisia [22] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2352] => Array ( [objectID] => 4667 [title] => California narrowly rejects abolition [timestamp] => 1352332800 [date] => 08/11/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/california-narrowly-rejects-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/11a6a1ea74ef8da58d2fe0060c7eb5dd_2-500x185.jpg [extrait] => Citizens of the largest US state have voted against an initiative to replace the death penalty with life sentences, but the results show abolitionist views have gained significant ground through the referendum campaign. [texte] => In one of the numerous local polls conducted at the same time as the US presidential election on November 6, Californian citizens voted narrowly against a proposition to abolish the death penalty and replace it with life without parole combined with additional funding to tackle violent crime.Members of the SAFE California campaign, which promoted Proposition 34, were disappointed with the result but satisfied that the Californian death penalty debate has changed radically after 53% of voters cast a ballot against the initiative and 47% in favour.The difference between Yes and No votes was just over 500,000 ballots out of more than 10 million.“The Yes on 34 - SAFE California campaign did not win the election, but did succeed in educating millions of Californians, and more millions all over the country and the world, about the realities of the death penalty,” said Elizabeth Zitrin, a campaign organizer who is also a vice-president of the World Coalition. “It risks executing the innocent, it is a cruel hoax to the families of victims, it is not a deterrent and it wastes billions of dollars that are needed for real public safety and public benefit programs,” she added.“A dramatic shift in public opinion”Jeanne Woodford, the official proponent of the SAFE California Campaign and former Warden at San Quentin State Prison where she oversaw four executions, described the result of the vote as “a dramatic shift in public opinion” in a statement late that night. “In 1978, 71% of the electorate supported the Briggs Death Penalty Initiative and now, after hearing the facts, voters are almost evenly split,” she added.Richard Dieter, the Executive Director of the independent research body Death Penalty Information Center, confirmed that the vote was “a clear indication that an increasing number of voters have changed their minds on the death penalty.” He continued: “Such a costly, ineffective system no longer has the support of a large majority of the public.”An official review found that since California reinstated capital punishment in 1978, the State spent $4 billion on capital cases and death row maintenance, while executing only 13 convicts.Proposition 34 aimed at spending that money on improving police investigations and victims’ compensation in cases of violent crime.Is the death penalty “fixable”?But opponents to the abolition of capital punishment in California described those figures as “misleading” and used testimonies from victims of crimes and their families to gather support from the public. “On behalf of the families of crime victims everywhere, we thank the voters of California for rejecting Prop 34 and standing up for those who no longer have a voice," said McGregor Scott, former United States Attorney and Co-Chair for No on Prop 34, in a statement on November 7.While his campaign acknowledged that the current system was dysfunctional, Scott said that “the problems with delay and expense of California's death penalty are entirely fixable”.Executions loomingWith the rejection of Proposition 34 and 726 inmates on death row in California, there is a risk that the State will soon carry out its first execution in nearly seven years. According to the Silicon Valley’s Mercury News paper, “at least 13 death row inmates have exhausted all of their legal appeals, raising the prospect that California will experience an unprecedented spate of executions”.Yet Californian abolitionists are not giving up. “We built a powerful coalition of law enforcement professionals, victims' family members, innocent exonerees, faith leaders, taxpayers, human rights leaders, community leaders and many, many more’” Zitrin said. “We will continue to work together for justice that works for everyone.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2353] => Array ( [objectID] => 4668 [title] => Japan’s death penalty under scrutiny [timestamp] => 1352073600 [date] => 05/11/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/japans-death-penalty-under-scrutiny/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/85a1a7346188d9f667be177daaf79a14_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => After a high-level conference on the abolition of the death penalty in Tokyo on October 29th, the United Nations’ Human Rights Council examined Japan’s record on October 31st as part of the Universal Periodic Review, a worldwide mechanism to monitor the enforcement of human rights. Major Japanese infringements concern the use of the death penalty. [texte] => A far-reching panel of activists, lawyers, clerics, academics, artists, former death row inmates and diplomats from inside and outside Japan took part in a public event at Tokyo's Italian Cultural Centre on October 29 to discuss the theme "No justice without life - the death penalty in a globalized world" (photo).The Community of Sant'Egidio, a World Coalition member organisation, organised the event. Its spokesman Mario Marazziti told the audience that "Japan should follow the world trend on the issue" of the abolition of capital punishment.He described the conference as "incredibly interesting and promising, connecting many of the Japanese groups, some social, cultural and political and religious forces" in the debate about the death penalty.Very few people in the world know that Japan is one of the few democracies that still carries out executions. Find out more about the Japanese death penalty situation with these key facts compiled by the Advocates for Human Rights, another World Coalition member organisation:What is the latest news about capital punishment in Japan?On September 27, 2012, Japan executed two death row inmates. These were the sixth and seventh executions of 2012. 131 prisoners remain on death row.The Justice Ministry recently disclosed documents shedding light on the administrative process involved with the issuance of death warrants. The documents demonstrate an opaque process that does not identify why or how inmates are selected for execution.On June 6, 2012, three top Justice Ministry officials announced that they will study the possibility of adopting lethal injection execution methods used in the United States, many of which are being challenged in that country as cruel and unusual.Who can be sentenced to death in Japan and what is the judicial process like?18 offenses are punishable by hanging. Japan has failed to carry out reforms recommended as part of the Universal periodic review to provide essential safeguards to protect innocent and incompetent persons from execution.Moreover, harsh death row conditions constitute cruel and unusual treatment.In the Daiyo Kangoku (substitute prison system), detained suspects face a high risk of torture and other degrading treatment. Police in these facilities may interrogate suspects for up to 23 days without charge.Prosecutors and the authorities have broad discretion to determine whether and when defense counsel has access to the accused during interrogations, and which segments of an can be used in court.An individual may be executed without any appeal or review of the original conviction.How are people treated on death row in Japan?Japanese law requires death row inmates to be held in single cells and prohibits them from mutual contact with other inmates. Prolonged solitary confinement is not the exception, but the rule.“Peace of mind” conditions are a pretext for imposing harsh treatment, including strict restrictions on communication with outside people and denial of independent psychiatric evaluation and treatment.The authorities do not notify inmates of their execution until the day of execution, and family members and legal counsel until after the execution.What should Japan do about its death penalty system?The country should reform its criminal justice system to ensure compliance with minimum international standards and safeguards by:- establishing transparency in all phases of capital proceedings;- monitoring of all interrogation procedures during all phases of interrogation;- introducing a mandatory system of appeals in cases involving capital offenses;- barring prosecutors from requesting the death penalty on appeal; and- suspending execution orders during all post-conviction proceedings, including petitions for retrial, and clemency requests.The practice of isolating death row prisoners indefinitely should end and conditions of detention should comply with international standards, including guaranteeing their right to counsel and communication with the outside world.The authorities should provide prior notification of execution date to prisoners, counsel, and their family members.Japan should also establish an independent system for systematic and specialized psychological and psychiatric evaluation of every inmate’s mental condition at every stage of a criminal proceeding to prevent the execution of the mentally insane and individuals with diminished mental capacity.The Advocates for Human Rights and the World Coalition call on the Japanese government to establish a moratorium on executions and create an official and transparent expert study group to review the application of the death penalty in Japan and disseminate information about the death penalty and criminal justice system to the public. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [2] => Death Row Conditions [3] => Fair Trial [4] => Intellectual Disability [5] => Legal Representation [6] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2354] => Array ( [objectID] => 4669 [title] => Abolitionists from the whole Arab World hold their first congress [timestamp] => 1350864000 [date] => 22/10/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionists-from-the-whole-arab-world-hold-their-first-congress/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f7326b5622755902f137a0e85701ec38_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The Regional Congress on the Death Penalty held in Rabat, Morocco between 18-20 October highlighted the key role of civil society in pushing the abolitionist agenda in a region affected by deep changes. [texte] => The first Regional Congress on the Death Penalty in the Middle East and North Africa began with testimonies from Antoinette Chahine, a Lebanese woman sentenced to death after she was tortured into confessing to a crime she had not committed, and Ahmed Haou, a former Moroccan political prisoner sentenced to death before he was freed in 1997.Presentations by the NGOs who organised the congress – the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty, OMDH, ECPM and the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) – were followed by speeches by officials from Morocco, Jordan, Tunisia and Algeria.The low level of representation (no ministers) and the timid content of the speeches demonstrated the political situation in a region where the death penalty issue remains sensitive and undecided.This is space for civil society to step in: decisions are not made and everything can happen.The Arab Spring “paves the way for a reflection on the death penalty”The participants to the congress noted in their final declaration: “For several years, particularly since the Arab Spring of 2011, the countries of this region have entered a process by which democracy is strengthened – sometimes in an accelerated way; international conventions on human rights are adopted; and judicial reform paves the way for a reflection on the death penalty, en route to its abolition.”With Islamist parties accessing power in Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt recently, the context may seem difficult to achieve abolition, but all is to play for and the exiting de facto moratorium on executions does not seem to be put into question in the Maghreb.Civil society has therefore a crucial role to play to move human rights issues forward and push leaders and diplomats to action.All to play for in EgyptAyman Salama, a professor of law and international relations, presented the situation in Egypt at the congress’s first plenary session. Former president Hosni Mubarak had never opposed the death penalty nor executions – in fact, his regime had utilised the death penalty.Yet abolitionists say the short-term outlook is pessimistic as the draft constitution limits the powers of the Supreme Court and does not abolish the death penalty.For M. Salama, the strong influence of political Islam has dampened public law and human rights reforms.Egyptian civil society activists are therefore focusing on three objectives: fair trials, in contrast with the previous era; a reduction in the scope of capital crimes: and educating new generations.Pan-Arabic initiativesOne of the common goals of participating NGOs was to form a Maghreb Coalition Against the Death Penalty – which they did during the congress. Organisations from Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania and Tunisia announced the creation of such a coalition at the closing ceremony.One representative from each country was delegated to write the coalition’s charter by year-end and to design a light structure and a regional action plan before the 5th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, due to take place in Madrid in June 2013.Moroccan lawmakers also created a network aimed at supporting abolition and declared: “Considering the death penalty is an inhuman punishment and that life is sacred in all religions; considering the death penalty is an irreversible punishment whereas forgiveness is an important value of Islam... we, parliamentarian men and women of Morocco ... are starting a parliamentary initiative to abolish the death penalty in Morocco.”Lawyers from the region also took part in the three-day conference, discussing their role and that of bar associations, which are important actors to ensure legal guarantees are respected across the region.Heated and gripping debates took place during a workshop on religions arguments – a crucial aspect in the region.Finally, a panel discussed the moratorium issue and the associated United Nations resolution. There is no common position across the region on this issue: while Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia have had a de facto moratorium on executions for more than 20 years, Algeria voted in favour of the three past resolutions, Morocco abstained and Tunisia was absent.Participants discussed the obstacles to favourable votes and possible civil society action to lift them. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria [1] => Egypt [2] => Jordan [3] => Mauritania [4] => Morocco [5] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2355] => Array ( [objectID] => 4670 [title] => Thousands of abolitionists take action for a better world [timestamp] => 1349913600 [date] => 11/10/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/thousands-of-abolitionists-take-action-for-a-better-world/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b45d3f805e2dd483c53439924ab9a8fc_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Dozens of events scheduled on five continents for the 10th World Day Against the Death Penalty combined actions by activists and diplomats, cultural and educational events and media presence. [texte] => Abolitionists worldwide began to raise awareness for the 10th World Day Against the Death Penalty early in the week.The “Posters for Tomorrow” exhibition continued to tour Asia and South Africa in partnership with several World Coalition member organizations.On Tuesday night, French Foreign Affairs Minister Laurent Fabius committed to making abolition a priority of his country’s diplomacy across the world. He said: “Not only does the law lose no force in refusing to kill, but on the contrary, by excluding death from its scope, it reinforces the ban on killing that should be the fundamental rule everywhere.”On that occasion, lawyers, diplomats and activists gathered in Paris to discuss past and upcoming action for abolition.Progress towards abolition contrasted with Iraq situationThis was in line with the theme of the 10th World Day, which focused on progress achieved over the past decade, when one third of countries still carrying out executions ended that practice, and on the challenges ahead, especially in a small number of countries where the use of the death penalty is increasing.An animation produced by Amnesty International for the World Day illustrates those trends. The US Supreme Court reminded abolitionists of the work remaining to be done when it rejected Jonathan Green’s final appeal on World Day. The Texas death row inmate was executed later in the night despite grave doubts about his mental fitness to be held criminally responsible.Iraq is one of the countries where the number of executions is rising. The Al-Rafidain Centre for Human Rights held a meeting of Iraqi abolitionists in Baghdad with support from Together Against the Death Penalty and the French Institute there.Members of the Iraqi Coalition Against the Death Penalty are looking for a strategy to counter the sharp increase in the use of capital punishment in the country, which was also criticized by Human Rights Watch in a World Day statement.100 take part in Montreal “die-in”Numerous events took place across Africa, including conferences and film screenings from Senegal to Botswana and from Benin to Uganda, and educational events in the schools of eastern DR Congo by Pax Christi Uvira (photo above).In Europe and in America, activists took position in universities, on markets and on public squares, including in Montreal where 100 people gathered by Amnesty International simulated their death as part of a spectacular “die-in” (slideshow below). Action by abolitionists made its way into media outlets worldwide, from Bahrain’s Gulf News to the Los Angeles Daily News, which endorsed Proposition 34 –a referendum issue to abolish the death penalty in California, to be voted on at the same time as the US election on 6 November.After the World Day, the momentum is still there: the first Regional Congress Against the Death Penlaty in the Middle-East and North Africa will take place in Morocco between 18-20 October, and around 1,500 cities worldwide are preparing to light up their monuments on 30 November for “Cities for Life – Cities Against the Death Penalty”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2356] => Array ( [objectID] => 25415 [title] => Facts and Figures 2012 [timestamp] => 1349827200 [date] => 10/10/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2012-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On October 10, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionists worldwide will celebrate the 10thanniversary of World Day against the Death Penalty. This year’s World Day focuses on the achievements andprogress made toward abolition. Around the world, countries have ended or restricted their use of the deathpenalty. In addition, they have signified their support of ending this practice by ratifying the Second OptionalProtocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penaltyand by voting in favour of United Nations (UN) resolutions for a moratorium on the death penalty. The WorldCoalition welcomes these steps forward as it also remains vigilant for the challenges ahead. [texte] => Detailed Fact Sheet – 10th World Day against the Death Penalty 1/11PROGRESS MADE IN 10 YEARAND CHALLENGES AHEADDetailed Fact SheetOn October 10, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and abolitionists worldwide will celebrate the 10thanniversary of World Day against the Death Penalty. This year’s World Day focuses on the achievements andprogress made toward abolition. Around the world, countries have ended or restricted their use of the deathpenalty. In addition, they have signified their support of ending this practice by ratifying the Second OptionalProtocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penaltyand by voting in favour of United Nations (UN) resolutions for a moratorium on the death penalty. The WorldCoalition welcomes these steps forward as it also remains vigilant for the challenges ahead.[1] The Worldwide Trend toward Abolition: Progress of the Past 10 YearsSignificant progress on the road to end the death penalty has been made over the past 10 years. Since 2002,21 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes (Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Bhutan, Burundi,Cook Islands, Cyprus, Gabon, Greece, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Mexico, Montenegro, the Philippines, Rwanda,Samoa, Senegal, Serbia, Togo, Turkey and Uzbekistan)1.Global momentum continues to build toward complete abolitionThe last decade has seen a large increase in countries that have officially abolished the use of the deathpenalty, have eliminated the use of the death penalty in practice, or have restricted its application:2141 countries are abolitionist in law or in practice; 397 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes; 48 countries have abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes; 5and36 countries have abolished the death penalty in practice.61 See: http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/countries-abolitionist-for-all-crimes, last visited June 25, 2012.2 These figures are based on Amnesty International’s data for 198 countries, which include Taiwan, Palestinian Authority, South Sudan,Cook Islands, and Niue.3 Amnesty Int’l, Death Sentences and Executions 2011, 27 March 2012 (hereinafter Death Sentences and Executions) at Annex II, p 57.Since the publication of Amnesty International’s Death Sentences and Executions, Mongolia has been reclassified from retentionist toabolitionist in practice. The definition of “abolitionist in practice” for purposes of this fact sheet is based on Amnesty International’s definition,which states “Countries which retain the death penalty for ordinary crimes such as murder but can be considered abolitionist in practice inthat they have not executed anyone during the past 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying outexecutions. The list also includes countries which have made an international commitment not to use the death penalty." See Abolitionistand Retentionist Countries, Amnesty International, http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/abolitionist-and-retentionist-countries, lastvisited June 5, 2012.4 Albania, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burundi,Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Colombia, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Marshall Islands,Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niue,Norway, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome And Principe,Senegal, Serbia (including Kosovo), Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Togo, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela.5 Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Fiji, Israel, Kazakhstan, Peru.6 Algeria, Benin, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo (Republic of), Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada,Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Myanmar, Nauru, Niger, Papua New Guinea,Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tonga, Tunisia, ZambiaDetailed Fact Sheet – 10th World Day against the Death Penalty 2/11• Worldwide Look at Domestic Trends and LegislationDeath Sentences and Executions Have DecreasedCompared to one decade ago, the number of countries actually carrying out a death sentence has decreased bymore than one-third: in 2011, 21 countries recorded executions7 compared to 31 countries which carried outexecutions a decade ago.8 Similarly, the number of death sentences imposed has decreased.9 The number ofpeople on death row has also decreased in some countries, following commutation of death sentences.CUBAMost death sentences were commuted in 2008; the remaining 4 death row prisoners had their sentencecommuted at the end of 2010. As part of the country’s Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process10 in February2009, the Cuban delegates told the UN that the decision to commute the sentences “was adopted as asovereign act, in keeping with the humanitarian and ethical conduct that has characterized the CubanRevolution since its inception” and that “[p]hilosophically speaking, Cuba is against application of the deathpenalty … Even if the death penalty is prescribed in the national legislation, Cuba understands and respects thearguments of the international movement that proposes its elimination or a moratorium. For that reason, ourcountry has not rejected initiatives in the United Nations having this aim.”11MYANMAROn 16 May 2011, under the President's Office Order No. 28/2011, 657 people, including 16 women, had theirdeath sentences commuted to life imprisonment. Further commutations were made in January 2012.Even among countries with the most executions, there has been progress toward curbing the death penalty.12UNITED STATES OF AMERICAThe USA, one of the biggest supporters of the death penalty, has also shown progress towards abolition as 17of the 50 USA states have abolished the death penalty in law. In the past 10 years this included New York (in2007), New Jersey (in 2007), New Mexico (in 2009), Illinois (in 2011), and Connecticut (in 2012).13 California,the State with the largest death row population in the USA, may be next. In November 2012 Californian citizenswill vote on a referendum to abolish the death penalty in the state’s legislation.CHINAIn China, even if official figures are not available, recent reforms have restricted the use of the death penaltyand executions are reported to have decreased from about 10,000 in the early 2000s to 5.000 in the 2010s14. In2007, a legal reform required that every capital sentence be reviewed by the SPC. In 2010 the SupremePeople’s Court reviewed 12,086 cases. Furthermore, in 2011, China abolished the death penalty for 13 non-violent offences and banned capital punishment for offenders over the age of 75.7 Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Belarus, China, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Malaysia, North Korea, Palestinian Authority, Saudi Arabia, Singapore,Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, USA, Viet Nam, Yemen.8 Death Sentences and Executions, p. 4. These numbers, however, may not contain the full picture of all executions and death sentencesbecause there still remains much secrecy surrounding the accurate reporting of executions worldwide with many governments not disclosinginformation to international government institutions or nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).9 Death Sentences and Executions, p. 7. These sentencing and execution rates, from Amnesty International, do not reflect statistics onChina since 2009, as Amnesty International has not published estimates on death penalty use in China, because such statistics are treatedas a state secret.10 The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a unique process of the UN Human Rights Council which involves a review of the human rightsrecords of all 192 UN Member States once every four years.11 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review (Cuba), U.N. Doc. A/HRC/11/22, Add.,para.13.12 The countries with the greatest numbers of executions include China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Yemen and the United States. DeathSentences and Executions, p. 5.13 Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, and New Mexico have abolished death penalty by law. New York’s Supreme Court ruled the deathpenalty to be unconstitutional.14 Hands Off Cain, THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2010 (and the first six months of 2011), last accessed June 27, 2012.http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=15309657Detailed Fact Sheet – 10th World Day against the Death Penalty 3/11Growing Use of a MoratoriumA moratorium is the temporary suspension of executions and, in some circumstances, of death sentences. It isprovisional and often depends on the will of a key decision maker, such as a president or minister. Severalcountries that have not legally abolished the death penalty have at least ended it in practice, either by declaringan official moratorium or by not carrying out executions. The emergence of moratoria on the use of the deathpenalty has also gained momentum in the past 10 years. For example, Sierra Leone and Nigeria have declareda moratorium on executions15 and Tajikistan has had a moratorium on both death sentences and executionssince 2004.16 In April 2007, the King of Jordan issued an instruction that executions were on hold until furthernotice.17 Oregon Governor Kitzhaber in the USA declared a moratorium in 2012 and announced he would no [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Fiche-detaillee-JM2012-EN-1.pdf ) [2357] => Array ( [objectID] => 4671 [title] => ADPAN network keeps up abolitionist fight [timestamp] => 1349827200 [date] => 10/10/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/adpan-network-keeps-up-abolitionist-fight/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/896357e2ebffcacbb8a14be378312a24_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network, which was founded on 10 October 2006, is again taking action this World Day Against the Death Penalty and takes stock on 10 years of progress in Asia – and on the challenges ahead. [texte] => Members of the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) are organising events across the region this World Day, including in Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand.In Asia, the regional and global trend towards the abolition of the death penalty has been accelerated over the past ten years. Executions have come down, governments are imposing more stringent safeguards to limit the scope of the death penalty and a more open debate on the death penalty is taking place. Abolition in four countriesOver the past 10 years, four Asia-Pacific countries abolished the death penalty for all crimes; Bhutan and Samoa in 2004, the Philippines in 2006 and the Cook Islands in 2007.Many retentionist countries have had periods of no executions, including countries such as India, Indonesia and Pakistan. South Korea has had no executions since 1997 and is considered “abolitionist in practice”.Seventeen countries in the Asia-Pacific region have abolished the death penalty for all crimes; Fiji has abolished it for ordinary crimes only, 10 are abolitionist in practice and 13 retain the death penalty.Asian activists raising awarenessIn 2006, ADPAN was launched on the World Day against the Death Penalty. Its membership has more than tripled since, with members in 26 countries mainly from the Asia Pacific region. Through the publication of its two “Unfair Trials” reports in 2011, ADPAN has raised awareness by showing how in law and practice the death penalty is being unfairly applied across the region. Lawyers, academics and civil society groups have met in several countries across the region to discuss the death penalty and coalitions against the death penalty were built and strengthened. “High profile death penalty cases are gradually informing the general public in Taiwan about the dangers of the death penalty,” said Hsinyi Lin, ADPAN member and Director of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty. “The legislature is currently discussing the option of reducing the number of death penalty provisions in its laws”.Other countries in the region have become party to international legislation against the use of the death penalty.ADPAN welcomes these positive steps but acknowledges that the end of the death penalty across the region is an ongoing challenge.Most executions in Asia-Pacific region13 countries across the region still retain the death penalty. More people are executed in the Asia-Pacific region than in the rest of the world combined. Many countries do not publish statistics on the death penalty, some regard the death penalty as a state secret and public opinion favouring the death penalty is an ongoing challenge in certain countries. The death penalty is widely applied for drug offences in the region and thousands are sentenced to death and executed after unfair trials.In 2010, Taiwan executed four people, ending its unofficial moratorium which had been in place since December 2005. Thailand resumed executions in 2009, despite declaring its commitment to the abolition of the death penalty in its Human Rights Action Plan 2009-2013. In 2011, Afghanistan resumed executions after two years with no executions and most recently, Japan resumed executions in 2012, after nearly two years of no executions.In India, there are fears that executions may resume after a period of eight years with no executions. On this World Day against the Death Penalty, ADPAN joins others in appealing for an end to the death penalty, supports the UN General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on all executions and is launching a specific appeal in support for those sentenced to death following unfair trials across Asia. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2358] => Array ( [objectID] => 4672 [title] => Jury Rejects Federal Death Penalty in Puerto Rico [timestamp] => 1349136000 [date] => 02/10/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/jury-rejects-federal-death-penalty-in-puerto-rico/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b23509fb77b250ba1c5b8f9eec5cc75b_2-500x311.jpg [extrait] => San Juan, Puerto Rico - On September 27, 2012, a jury declined the United States Government petition to impose capital punishment in a murder trial on the Federal District Court. The Puerto Rico Bar Association and the Puerto Rico Coalition Against the Death Penalty were among the organizations who led a series of vigils, press releases, radio and television appearances, along many other events to raise the voice of abolitionism and justice. [texte] => The Puerto Rico Constitution specifically prohibits the death penalty. Notwithstanding, the US federal authorities in what has been called “the oldest colony of the World” consistently tries to impose such punishment through the US District Court in San Juan. 18 capital punishment trials are still pending in Puerto Rico and 2 of them are scheduled to begin in January, 2013. So this last victory over the death penalty is of great importance.It is also really encouraging that this recent death penalty case was widely discussed in the local press, radio, television and social media, and the abolitionist movement militancy drove political leaders from all ideologies to express their opposition to capital punishment. Many of those leaders were present in several of the daily vigils, held in front of the Federal District Court (photo).Crime rate upPuerto Rico has seen crime rates go up in recent years. Early in 2010, the local government signed a memorandum of understanding with the US federal justice department to cede jurisdiction over some violent crimes. One of the side effects of that agreement has been a significant amount of death penalty cases certified or awaiting be certified by the United States Department of Justice. That 2010 agreement has failed to halt the growing violent crime rate in the Caribbean archipelago of Puerto Rico; neither did the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994. The possibility of capital punishment has not proved to have a dissuasive effect and is undeniably against our principles as a People.SolidarityThe abolitionist movement in Puerto Rico has expressed the solidarity to both the victim’s and the defendant’s families. While the US Government keeps trying to siege a life using the federal court in San Juan, we will not cease to claim respect for life as a human right in our homeland. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2359] => Array ( [objectID] => 4673 [title] => India should join nations abolishing the death penalty [timestamp] => 1348704000 [date] => 27/09/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/india-should-join-nations-abolishing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7ea0858688f7451174ebaade45822dc7_2-500x250.jpg [extrait] => The debate has recently been growing in India, with former President Pratibha Patil commuting the death sentence of 35 convicts in a few years and 14 former judges challenging death penalties confirmed by the Supreme Court. Although India has not executed anyone since 2004, more than 400 people are on death row and the courts hand down fresh death sentences every year. Navkiran Singh, general secretary of World Coalition member organisation, Lawyers For Human Rights International, explains why he believes there is a positive move in his country. [texte] => Within few weeks of the new President of India assuming his office on 25th July 2012, 14 former Indian judges submitted an appeal seeking his intervention for the commutation of the death sentences of 13 convicts whose mercy petitions are pending with the President’s office.This is significant, especially as these former judges have mentioned the details of some cases where the accused were hanged, but were later on found to have committed no offence.India moving fastThe move of these former judges, combined with the fact that the earlier President of India had granted 35 convicts mercy by commuting their death sentence into life sentence, shows that India is moving fast towards being anti-death penalty.I feel that although 11 death row convicts are at risk of being executed, it is a very encouraging figure for a country of 1.2 billion people.However, the future of death penalty depends upon the people of India being mature enough to understand the ills of capital punishment. Photo: demonstration in India for World Day against the Death Penalty in 2008 [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2360] => Array ( [objectID] => 4674 [title] => Malawi – five years after abolishing the mandatory death penalty [timestamp] => 1348012800 [date] => 19/09/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/malawi-five-years-after-abolishing-the-mandatory-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d5a054eb68476f424d3962a116392ec6_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => In 2007 abolitionists celebrated when the High Court of Malawi abolished the mandatory death penalty. In what become known as the Kafanteyeni ruling the mandatory death penalty was deemed by the bench as unconstitutional as it amounts to an arbitrary deprivation of life, denies an accused the right to a fair trial and the right to be free from inhuman and degrading treatment. [texte] => Following this ruling, resentencing hearings were granted to over 180 prisoners that were sentenced to the mandatory death penalty and are still alive today. Resentencing hearings give prisoners the opportunity to present mitigating evidence before the court so that a judge may be persuaded to hand down a sentence other than death.Fantastic right? Yes. But, how many of the prisoners have had their resentencing hearing? Very depressingly the answer to this question is zero. Not one of the 180 prisoners has been afforded a resentencing hearing in the five years since the Kafantayeni ruling. The sad truth is that Malawi's criminal justice system is simply not in a position to ensure that the rights of these prisoners are protected.Access to a lawyerAs none of the prisoners have the means to retain a private lawyer they are reliant on the assistance given to them by Legal Aid lawyers. However, in a country of 14 million people, the vast majority of whom live below the poverty line, there are only 18 legal aid lawyers that struggle to meet the massive demand. In addition, Zomba Maximum Security Prison is 70 kilometers from the nearest Legal Aid lawyers who have no means of transport. Even if the Legal aid lawyers had the time and resources to help these prisoners, they would face numerous other hurdles. Court files for the majority of the prisoners have been lost in the maze of files that litter the criminal registries throughout the nation. In their absence it is extremely difficult for lawyers to develop persuasive arguments in mitigation. Making the situation even more urgent is the fact that the average in-prison life expectancy is a meager 10 years. Due to the overcrowded nature of Malawi’s prisons, prisoners are packed into cells like sardines (photo) which facilitates the spread of HIV and TB. With such a short life expectancy it is possible that many of these prisoners will die before they are given the chance to appeal their sentence. Working to help Legal AidThere are currently several organizations that are working to help Legal Aid deal with its huge criminal workload. The Center for International Human Rights has written several appeals for some of those that were sentenced to the mandatory death penalty. Three appeals that will be heard in October this year are for prisoners that were juveniles at the time of the offence. The Centre for Capital Punishment Studies (CCPS) is working to reduce the large homicide remandee population. Some remandees have been awaiting their trial for over eight years. The CCPS has developed a ‘bail project’ which trains and sends Malawi law students into prison to write bail applications which are then pushed on to Legal Aid. The abolition of the mandatory death penalty in Kafantayeni and the fact that Malawi has not actually carried out an execution since 1992 puts the country in good stead to abolish the death penalty. Countries like Malawi that have made the transition to democracy increasingly see abolition of the death penalty as a necessary step to signal their commitment to human rights.In recent years two of Malawi's neighbouring countries, South Africa and Mozambique have abolished the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2361] => Array ( [objectID] => 4676 [title] => Calls to end executions in The Gambia [timestamp] => 1346630400 [date] => 03/09/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/calls-to-end-executions-in-the-gambia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/bfc8afb79206500a1ae981eb1c5226a9_2.jpg [extrait] => FIDH and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty join others to urge The Gambia to stop executions and call upon the African Union to relocate the seat of the African Commission for Human and People's Rights in another country. [texte] => The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and the World Coalition Against The Death Penalty (WCADP) vehemently condemn the 26 August 2012 executions, according to the Gambian authorities, of nine prisoners sentenced to death and urge Pesident Yahya Jammeh to halt further executions. Since the African Union (AU) calls to restrain from carrying out such a decision were not understood, our organisations call upon the AU to relocate the seat of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), currently situated in Banjul.Since President Jammeh announced, in an address to the Nation ten days ago, his decision to have all the death sentences carried out by mid-September, many Human rights’ NGOs came together to stop the possible execution of an estimated 47 individuals condemned to death. States such as Senegal, France and the U.S, as well as regional organisations like the African Union and the European Union also called upon the Gambian authorities to restrain from carrying out such a decision.AU President in particular, Boni Yayi, expressed his high concerns and sent an envoy Nassirou Bako, Foreign Affairs minister of Benin, to convince President Jammeh to renounce his plans. Despite all these exhortations, the Gambian authorities confirmed on August 27,2012 that 9 inmates, including a Senegalese woman, had been executed, while 38 others including nationals from other West African countries, remain in death row."This horrible and murderous act indicates the resumption of executions in this country, which had been under a de facto moratorium since 1985”, declared Souhayr Belhassen, FIDH President. “These executions confirm the retrograde behavior and disrespect of human rights, of the current regime, which is marked by arbitrary arrests and detentions, severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms, violations of freedom of sexual orientation, and recurrent threats against human rights defenders", she added.According to Mabassa for Fall, FIDH Representative to the African Union, "These executions represent an unfortunate step back for The Gambia, against the current regional and international trend towards the abolition of the death penalty”."The Gambian President should immediately reverse its position and ensure that no other inmate is executed, or risk being ostracized by the international community", said Florence Bellivier, President of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.FIDH and the World Coalition call upon the international community, in particular the United Nations, the African Union and the Economic Community of West African States, to intensify its efforts to prevent further executions in the country. Further, considering the disregard of Gambian authorities, and in view of the violation of the provisions of Articles 4 and 5 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights – as reminded the ACHPR on August 24, 2012 – our organisations urge the AU to relocate the seat of the ACHPR in another country of the continent. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gambia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2362] => Array ( [objectID] => 4677 [title] => A Moratorium acts as a “truce” for the death penalty [timestamp] => 1345680000 [date] => 23/08/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-moratorium-acts-as-a-truce-for-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b70c5f71673ac312ba0c4a748a566049_2-500x280.jpg [extrait] => Hands Off Cain published its annual report in August. President of Sierra Leone Ernest Bai Koroma wrote the introduction and the book has been dedicated to Rwanda. [texte] => “Africa has the largest number of de facto abolitionist countries; some, such as Burundi and Rwanda have abolished the death penalty de jure. In general, there has been a growing trend toward legal abolition of executions and their general decrease in many countries, as well as a reduction of capital crimes or the commutation of death sentences”, wrote President of Sierra Leone Ernest Bai Koroma. “In Sierra Leone, there have been no executions carried out for nearly 14 years” and he added: “on the occasion of our 50th anniversary of independence in 2011, as President of Sierra Leone, I decided to commute all death sentences to life imprisonment and pardon five death row prisoners.”In May 2011, Sierra Leone accepted the recommendations made by the UN Human Rights Council to abolish the death penalty, to accede to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR and to establish a de jure moratorium on the application of the death penalty aimed at its definitive abolition. “These recommendations are now under consideration, subject to constitutional review” wrote President Koroma. “Sierra Leone now has a moratorium, which is like a “truce”; in war, a truce acts as a passage to peace, negotiations and preparations for the end of fighting; a moratorium acts as the “truce” for the death penalty, a time politically, procedurally, legislatively and civilly to discuss, reflect and prepare. South Africa, for example, abolished the death penalty after five years of moratorium”“We will continue to work on this and to work with our brothers and sisters in Africa and throughout the world to heal our conflicts, embrace democracy and launch a message of nonviolence and tolerance.”Worldwide trend towards the abolition of the death reaffirmed in 2011 and in the first six months of 2012In 2011 and in the first six months of 2012, significant political and legislative steps towards abolition or at least positive signs, such as collective commutations of capital punishment, have been seen in numerous Countries.In March 2011, the Maldives said is committed to maintaining a moratorium on executions with a view to formally abolishing the death penalty.In September 2011, Suriname agreed on formalizing its longstanding non-use of capital punishment by abolishing all legal provisions for it.In March 2011, Liberia insisted that it remained committed to honouring its international human rights obligations, including the abolition of the death penalty.In March 2011, Mauritania has reiterated its commitment to a de facto abolition of the death penalty.Nigeria continues to respect the “self-imposed moratorium” on executions in place since 2006.In June 2012, the Government of Ghana accepted the recommendation of the Constitution Review Commission that the death penalty be completely abolished.There were also a significant number of amnesties and commutations of death sentences in Ethiopia, Uganda, Morocco, Sierra Leone, Zambia and Myanmar. As of April 2011, Guinea has gone more than ten years without practicing the death penalty, establishing itself as de facto abolitionist Country.In January 2012, Latvia abolished the death penalty for all crimes.In March 2012, Mongolia ratified the Second Optional Protocol to ICCPR).In July 2012, Benin has also acceded to the Second Optional Protocol.In the United States, the State of Connecticut abolished the death penalty in April 2012, and Illinois abolished it in March 2011. In Oregon, the Governor declared a moratorium on all executions in November 2011. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Burundi [2] => Ethiopia [3] => Ghana [4] => Guinea [5] => Latvia [6] => Maldives [7] => Mauritania [8] => Mongolia [9] => Morocco [10] => Myanmar [11] => Nigeria [12] => Rwanda [13] => Sierra Leone [14] => South Africa [15] => Suriname [16] => Uganda [17] => United States [18] => Zambia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2363] => Array ( [objectID] => 4678 [title] => From restrictions to abolition [timestamp] => 1345161600 [date] => 17/08/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/from-restrictions-to-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/aa4486adc6820cfd6721ddebd92718fe_2-500x280.jpg [extrait] => The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights has published a new report and called for abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => On the occasion of the publication of the report "The Death Penalty in the Inter-American Human Rights System: From Restrictions to Abolition", the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) urged the OAS Member States that still have the death penalty to abolish it or, at least, to impose a moratorium to its application and to ratify the Protocol to the American Convention to Abolish the Death Penalty.The report takes into account the standards developed within the Inter-American human rights system to restrict the application of the death penalty over the last 15 year and urges the OAS Member States that still have the death penalty to abolish it, impose a moratorium, ratify the American Protocol, respect the standards, and comply with decisions of the Inter-American Commission and Court.Of the 35 the OAS Member States, 16 countries retain the death penalty: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, The Bahamas, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America and 19 have abolished it in law http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/abolitionist-and-retentionist-countries : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, of which, 13 have ratified the American Protocol.The IACHR also welcomed the global tendency towards the abolition of the death penalty and the recent developments at the United Nations and regional systems for the protection of human rights and in international criminal law.A month earlier, on 3 July 2012, the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called on Member States which use the death penalty to abolish it, stressing that the right to life lies at the heart of international human rights law during an event in New York. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda [1] => Argentina [2] => Bahamas [3] => Barbados [4] => Belize [5] => Bolivia (Plurinational State of) [6] => Brazil [7] => Canada [8] => Chile [9] => Colombia [10] => Costa Rica [11] => Cuba [12] => Dominica [13] => Dominican Republic [14] => Ecuador [15] => El Salvador [16] => Grenada [17] => Guatemala [18] => Guyana [19] => Haiti [20] => Honduras [21] => Jamaica [22] => Mexico [23] => Nicaragua [24] => Panama [25] => Paraguay [26] => Peru [27] => Saint Kitts and Nevis [28] => Saint Lucia [29] => Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [30] => Trinidad and Tobago [31] => United States [32] => Uruguay [33] => Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2364] => Array ( [objectID] => 6378 [title] => 2012 Report – Moratorium on the use of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1343952000 [date] => 03/08/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2012-report-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to its resolution 65/206. It discusses the trend towards abolition of the death penalty and the establishment of a moratorium on execution. The report also reflects on the application of international standards relating to the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. It further discusses the importance of making available relevant information with regard to the use of the death penalty, which can contribute to transparent national debates and international and regional initiatives for the promotion of the universal abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A%2F67%2F226&Submit=Search&Lang=E ) [2365] => Array ( [objectID] => 4679 [title] => Singaporean and Malaysian activists welcome changes in their country [timestamp] => 1342396800 [date] => 16/07/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singaporean-and-malaysian-activists-welcome-changes-in-their-country/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f35fd3573c298d3acc28063ceffe8a3c_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => In Singapore and Malaysia, governments are considering removing mandatory death penalty in some drug and murder cases. A move welcomed by activists on the ground, though they consider it "only a small step in the right direction". [texte] => In recent years, local anti-death penalty groups have been more and more outspoken in Singapore and many have reacted to the proposed changes, unveiled last week in parliament by senior cabinet ministers.While World Coalition's member Think Centre "welcomes the Singapore Government's move to review the mandatory death penalty", Singapore Anti-Death Penalty Campaign (SADPC) "gratefully acknowledge that the government has halted all executions since July last year, while looking into possible amendments towards the currently rigid procedures behind the mandatory death penalty and we take this as a positive message that the government recognises the need for legal reform."For the local human rights group MARUAH, however, "this is only a small step in the right direction, as the mandatory death penalty (...) continues to be applied to a substantial number of criminal offences".With the proposed changes, the death penalty is still mandatory for offences such as the illegal use of firearms as well as kidnapping with intent to murder. Changes would only apply to drug couriers and those convicted of homicide where intention to kill could not be established. The mandatory death penalty for drug kingpins and traffickers still remains.In Malaysia, The Attorney-General is also considering removing the compulsory death penalty for drug mules. In March this year, the Malaysian Bar unanimously passed a resolution at its annual general meeting calling for capital punishment to be abolished. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malaysia [1] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2366] => Array ( [objectID] => 4680 [title] => 10 years, 132 members, 45 countries [timestamp] => 1341014400 [date] => 30/06/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/10-years-132-members-45-countries/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2fb6c612517992d21ba400d1afb0a5cb_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Penal Reform International welcomed the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty to celebrate its tenth anniversary in Jordan with support from Justice Minister Khalifa Al Sulaiman. [texte] => The head of PRI’s Amman regional office, Taghreed Jaber, opened the World Coalition’s annual general and hailed King Abdallah II of Jordan’s refusal to sign execution decrees since 2006. “We hope that Jordan will continue on the path towards abolishing the death penalty,” she said.During the opening ceremony, the justice ministry’s secretary general, Mustapha Al Assaf, said officially that the kingdom was doing everything to prevent death sentences and executions.Jordan not only applies all relevant international safeguards, its judges also avoid handing down death sentences as much as they can and the Court of Cassation hears appeals in all capital cases.Mr Al Assaf also said that the philosophical context of penalties had changed. “The death penalty is no longer regarded as a deterrent because the reasons behind a murder depend more on the social context and on the circumstances of an individual’s life,” he explained.10 years of progressAll participants to the AGM testified that from Taiwan to Puerto Rico and from California to Tanzania, the death penalty is being chipped at, reduced and challenged, including for the most serious crimes.Patrick Galahue, a researcher at Harm Reduction International, discussed the striking reversal of policy at the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Ten years ago, this international body on drug control refused to condemn the use on the death penalty against drug traffickers. In 2010, UNODC acknowledged officially that such a penalty would violate international law. And since May 2012, a member state that does not respect international guidelines on the death penalty can see UNOCD-supported projects suspended.Mr Galahue added that in Singapore, the number of executions for drug trafficking dropped from 25 annually ten years ago to two or three nowadays. “Even places like Singapore are experiencing subtle progress, which is different from the sweeping changes we’re used to seeing. Abolition may be in sight in Singapore, and that would have been unthinkable ten years ago,” said Mr Galahue.Importance of international supportThe Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s coordinator, Habib Marsit, discussed the situation in Tunisia since the 2011 revolution. After winning parliamentary elections, the Islamist party Ennahda backtracked on the transitional government’s promise to ratify the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty. Yet the transition’s justice minister maintained his predecessor’s position that no executions should take place.Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty Director Hsinyi Lin highlighted the importance of international support. After a visit by FIDH in 2006, Taiwan stopped the practice of shackling death row inmates and in 2008, President Ma took position against the death penalty after a visit by the World Coalition. However, executions there resumed in 2010 and in 2011.Ms Lin also showed that a moratorium was a key element in the struggle against the death penalty. “If TAEDP had not supported the moratorium since 2003, Cheng could not have had his sentenced overturned and been freed in May 2012 as he was on the execution list for 2006 and would have been killed,” she said.For Carmelo Campos Cruz, of the Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty, the main problem in the Caribbean is the high crime rate. The region’s retentionist countries use it as their main argument.Yet a comparison within the region shows that crime rates are in fact lower in those countries that have abolished capital punishment. In the Caribbean, 12 countries are abolitionist and 13 still use the death penalty.Mr Campos Cruz also welcomed the creation of a new regional abolitionist network, “The Greater Caribbean for Life”, in October 2011.Elizabeth Zitrin of Death Penalty Focus updated the AGM on the campaign to abolish the death penalty in California. Watch her interview below:The death penalty to enforce terror in Irak and IranAll obstacles have not been brought down: some judges still deny defendants the right to argue their innocence, or sentence them on the basis of confessions obtained under torture.Some governments utilise public opinion or religion, notably Islam, for political ends and stage public hangings for stronger effect; they drag their feet to ratify international conventions.The participants to the AGM did not minimise those challenges and tackled issues such as international cooperation against drug trafficking and the debate on the need to replace the death penalty with an alternative punishment.There were also discussions on the theological arguments that can restrict the scope of the death penalty, the role of regional organisations in promoting abolition and the post-conflict situations or divided societies where the central government is weak and the judiciary has little credibility.Listen to the plenary session on the death penalty in the Middle East and North Africa and to the workshop on islamic arguments for abolition below:World Coalition members also expressed their solidarity with the peoples of Iran and Irak, where governments use the death penalty on a daily basis to enforce a policy of terror.The conference ended with a call Jordan to take concrete steps from moratorium to abolition, first by giving its de facto moratorium an official form, and then by voting in favour of the United Nations resolution for a universal moratorium this autumn. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [1] => Iraq [2] => Jordan [3] => Singapore [4] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2367] => Array ( [objectID] => 4681 [title] => World Coalition to celebrate 10th anniversary in Jordan [timestamp] => 1338163200 [date] => 28/05/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-to-celebrate-10th-anniversary-in-jordan/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/31cb16c756378862a1fdfaaa409387d1_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => At the invitation of Penal Reform International's regional office in Jordan, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is holding its 10th annual general meeting in Amman, Jordan on 16-17 June 2012. [texte] => Ten years after its founding General Assembly held in 2002 in Rome, Italy, the World Coalition is celebrating its anniversary in Amman.In 10 years, the World Coalition has grown to become an independant NGO with more than 130 members organisations from all over the world. It has become a key actor in the fight for universal abolition of the death penalty.The first day of the conference is restricted to World Coalition members, to discuss administrative and strategic issues.It is also an opportunity for the World Coalition to offer its members training seminars, for example on the role of lawyers or murder victims families in the abolitionist movement.During the second day, the World Coalition and its host are organizing seminars and round tables open to the public to raise awareness on the various aspects of the death penalty.One of the open sessions taking place on 17 June addresses the progress made in the past 10 years and challenges ahead – the theme of the 10th World Day against the Death Penalty.The two-day meeting in Amman is also the perfect place to follow up on the situation of the death penalty in the Arab World and on the discussions held in Rabat, Morocco during last year's General Assembly.Workshops also include work on the coming UN General Assembly moratorium resolution and on the African Commission on Human and People's rights.AGENDASaturday 16 June - Open to members of the World Coalition only10am-12pm: Statutory meeting12-1pm: Follow-up on the evaluation of the work of the World Coalition2-3 pm, Workshop: How to use the new World Coalition’s extranet3-4 pm, Workshop: Working with surviving family members of murder victimsPresented by Renny Cushing (Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights)3-4 pm, Workshop: Strategic litigation and how it can feed into campaigns against the death penaltyPresented by Marc Callcutt (Reprieve)4-6 pm: Steering Committee meeting (Steering Committee members only)Sunday 17 June - open to the public 9.00-10.30am, Opening sessionModerator: Taghreed Jaber - MENA Regional Director, Penal Reform InternationalSpeakers:- Florence Bellivier (President of the World Coalition, FIDH)- Dr Musa Breizat- Commissioner of the Jordanian Center for Human Rights- Judge Dr Mustafa Al-Assaf – Secretary General of the Ministry of Justice11.00-12.00am, Plenary session: Celebrating the 10th anniversary of the World Coalition : Progress made towards abolition in the past ten years and challenges aheadSpeakers:- Patrick Galahue (Harm Reduction International)- Habib Marsit (Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty)- Hsinyi Lin (Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty)- Carmelo Campo Cruz (Puerto Rico Coalition Against the Death Penalty) 12-1pm, Workshop: UNGA moratorium resolution strategyPresented by Chiara Sangiorgio and Jan Wetzel (Amnesty International) 12-1pm, Workshop: African Commission on Human and People’s RightsPresented by Cecile Marcel (FIACAT) and Florence Bellivier (FIDH) 2.30-3.30pm, Workshop: Religious argumentsPresented by Haitham Shibli, Research Manager, Penal Reform InternationalSpeaker:- Professor Hamdi al-Taba’a - Researcher, Islamic scholar and a human rights activist / professor at the international University of Islamic Sciences- Taleb Al-Saqaf - Director of Human and Environment Observatory and a former deputy head of human rights group of experts in the Arab League - independent experts 2.30-3.30pm, Workshop: the SAFE California CampaignPresented by Elizabeth Zitrin (Death Penalty Focus) 4-6pm, Panel discussion on the death penalty in the Middle East since the Arab SpringModerator: Raphael Chenuil-Hazan, ECPMSpeakers :- Sophie Abu Soboh (Leaders Organisation, Palestine)- Taghreed Jaber (PRI Jordan)- Nassr Abood (Iraqi Coalition Against the Death Penalty)- Ziad Achour (Association Justice et Miséricorde-AJEM, Lebanon)- Rahman Javanamrdi (Iran Human Rights)- Ziad Naboulsi (Association Libanaise pour L'Education el la Formation – ALEF)The Rabat Working Group of the 5th World Congress is also taking place during this General Assembly. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jordan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2368] => Array ( [objectID] => 4682 [title] => One in nine exonerations in new database is a capital case [timestamp] => 1337990400 [date] => 26/05/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/one-in-nine-exonerations-in-new-database-is-a-capital-case/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cefabaa58f2563add15b85001c23d455_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => A new online project listing 891 exonerated wrongful convictions in the US includes 101 death sentences. [texte] => The National Registry of Exonerations, an academic website launched on May 21, documents 891 individual cases in which people were found guilty of serious crimes, only to be cleared of their convictions by the authorities later on.More than 100 of those wrongful convictions led to death sentences.In addition to individual cases, a report on the website contains information on more than 1,000 additional cases of “group exonerations” that occurred in response to 13 separate police corruption scandals.The National Registry of Exonerations defines an exoneree as “a person who was convicted of a crime and later officially declared innocent of that crime, or relieved of all legal consequences of the conviction because evidence of innocence that was not presented at trial required reconsideration of the case”.The Registry is a joint project of the University of the Michigan Law School and the Center on Wrongful Convictions at Northwestern University School of Law. It aims to maintain an up to date list of all known exonerations in the United States since 1989.“It’s clear that the exonerations we found are the tip of an iceberg,” said Michigan Law professor Samuel Gross. “Most people who are falsely convicted are not exonerated; they serve their time or die in prison. And when they are exonerated, a lot of times it happens quietly, out of public view.”Alongside recent campaigns denouncing the likely execution of innocents in cases such as those of Carlos De Luna, Cameron Todd Willingham and Troy Davis, the high number of capital cases on the Registry of Exoneration once again highlights the high risk of executing innocents inherent to the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2369] => Array ( [objectID] => 4683 [title] => The death penalty at the heart of ACHPR debates [timestamp] => 1337299200 [date] => 18/05/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-at-the-heart-of-achpr-debates/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ffe3ab9e15464f37fe7e37aa84b17d23_2-500x334.cadhp-51 [extrait] => The 51st Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) was held in Banjul from April 18 to May 2, 2012. During the session, the Commission presented its "Study on the question of the death penalty in Africa" prepared by the Working Group on the death penalty of the ACHPR. [texte] => The Commission decided to tackle the issue of the death penalty in 1999 by adopting a resolution "Urging States to Envisage a Moratorium on Death Penalty" in Kigali (Rwanda) during its 26th Ordinary Session.Following this Resolution, the Commission decided to set up a Working Group on the specific topic of the death penalty in Africa in 2004, with a mandate, inter alia, to prepare a study on the issue of the death penalty in Africa and to develop a strategic plan for abolition on the continent.This study was completed in 2011 thanks to the technical support of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and several of its members and was adopted at the 50th Ordinary Session of the ACHPR in November 2011.On April 19, 2012, at its 51st session, the ACHPR launched this study during a ceremony attended by FIACAT, FIDH, and the World Coalition.Strategic plan for abolitionThe study highlights key strategic areas for abolition that the African Commission will implement in the coming years.For instance, the ACHPR is to put pressure on policy makers to encourage Member States of the African Union to sign and ratify the human rights instruments that prohibit the death penalty and adopt a "Day of the abolition of the death penalty" in Africa.Finally, the study recommends that the African Union and the States Parties "adopt a Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa".According to Guillaume Colin, Special Advisor to FIACAT, "this is a breakthrough for African States to identify more easily with a regional legally binding instrument which they will be more inclined to ratify. Out of the 16 African States that have abolished the death penalty in Africa, only eight have ratified the only international treaty on the abolition of the death penalty: the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights".Angola asked to ratify the UN Protocol on abolitionDuring this session, the African Commission also considered the reports of Sudan and Angola. Based on the campaign tools of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, the Commissioners called on the Angolan government to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.Angola abolished capital punishment for all crimes in 1992. The accession of Angola to the Protocol would have a strong symbolic value because it would demonstrate the commitment of this country for the universal abolition of the death penalty. It will then be an encouraging example at the regional level.16 Member States of the African Union have abolished the death penalty, four of them in the last five years: Rwanda, Burundi, Togo and Gabon.However, in 2011, 22 executions took place in three countries in Sub-Saharan Africa according to Amnesty International: Somalia, Sudan and South Sudan.Read the Full Report "The Death Penalty in Africa" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Angola [1] => Burundi [2] => Gabon [3] => Rwanda [4] => Somalia [5] => South Sudan [6] => Sudan [7] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2370] => Array ( [objectID] => 4684 [title] => Migrant workers facing capital punishment show need for alternative sentences [timestamp] => 1335398400 [date] => 26/04/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/migrant-workers-facing-capital-punishment-show-need-for-alternative-sentences/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0fa3b1acdea6baeff4f07e4a482fa315_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Four Singapore-based organisations denounce the high risk of miscarriage of justice in recent death sentences handed down on poor immigrants and calls for the abolition of the death penalty in the city-state. [texte] => On 21 March 2012, a Singapore court sentenced Indian national Bijukumar Remadevi Nair Gopinathan to the mandatory death penalty for the murder of a Filipina prostitute.Similar sentences have been imposed in the past year, mainly on low-wage migrant workers. For example, twenty-year-old Malaysian Fabian Adiu Edwin was convicted of murder and sentenced to hang in September last year. That month, a 32-year-old Chinese national was found guilty and given the death sentence for the murder of a taxi driver in 2009.The World Coalition member organization Think Centre as well as the Singapore Anti-Death Penalty Campaign, We Believe In Second Chances and the Humanitarian Organization For Migration Economics are opposed to the death penalty that has been meted out to these migrants in Singapore.Opposing the death penaty for any individual and any crimeAlthough the four organisations do not deny that these individuals have committed a grave crime and should be punished for it, they are opposed to the application of the death penalty on any individual, and for any crime for the following reasons.The Singapore government has argued that the death penalty is an effective deterrent to serious crimes. However, there is no reliable evidence, locally nor internationally, to show that it is any more effective than other forms of punishments. Based on numerous studies, criminologists agree that the death penalty has no deterrence value.The causes of violent crime that affect all societies are complex. Crime may be reduced through having better trained and equipped police officers, reducing poverty, improving education and implementing effective rehabilitation programmes. Executing a criminal gives the appearance of strong action being taken when in reality, it does little to address why violent crimes are committed in the first place.Since the death penalty is irreversible, imposing the ultimate punishment on an individual demands that conclusive, irrefutable evidence is produced to support its use.The criminal justice system is not infallible and as long as the judiciary has the death penalty, mistakes will be made and innocent people will be killed. Judges, prosecutors, and investigating officers are after all, human.For example, Taiwan’s Chiang Kuo Ching was wrongfully sentenced to death in 1997. Fresh investigations into the case after he was executed found no evidence of Chiang's presence at the scene of the crime and established that he was tortured into making a confession. No legal system, however advanced, is immune to miscarriages of justice.Inadequate legal assistance at any stage of court or investigation proceedings, especially when the person is poor and unable to hire a good lawyer are just some of the circumstances which may result in the innocent being executed.Yellow Ribbon ProjectRehabilitation, not revenge should be the basis on which the justice system is built upon. In fact, the government has accepted this principle in its support and partnership with other voluntary welfare organisations of the yellow ribbon project.The continued use of the death penalty only serves to contradict the campaign message of the Yellow Ribbon Project that was launched in 2004 by former President of Singapore, Mr S R. Nathan, which seeks to advocate for society to give ex-offenders and their families a second chance, accept and support the rehabilitation and reintegration of ex-offenders into the society.The death penalty is an act of vengeance that is detrimental to building a civilized society, and demeaning to all of us as citizens.In December 2007, the UN General Assembly voted 104 to 54 for a resolution on a moratorium on executions. Even though this decision is not legally binding on states, Singapore should not ignore the political significance of this resolution and the worldwide trend among nation states in abolishing the use of capital punishment.The four signatory organisations are cognizant that the death penalty is a cruel, inhumane and degrading punishment, and reiterate that it should not be applied in any circumstances.We, as a society, should adopt a system where justice is meted out in a fair and humane manner. The death penalty is not acceptable and should be abolished or a moratorium applied.A moratorium will give a chance to re-examine both the purpose of the penalty and its perceived effectiveness, and can save the lives of the condemned – especially potential victims of miscarriages of justice.Let us rise above our feelings of vengeance to seek solutions. There are alternative punishments to the death penalty and we should not continue our practice of killing another human being in the name of justice or in maintaining the peace and security of our society. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2371] => Array ( [objectID] => 4685 [title] => Three years to save lives in Nigeria [timestamp] => 1335312000 [date] => 25/04/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/three-years-to-save-lives-in-nigeria/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f34d51c6706647aa804d84d7a284b778_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => A conference to launch the project SALI: Saving Lives, was held in Abuja, Nigeria, on 27 March. It marked the start of the project activities while encouraging discussions on the issue of the death penalty in Nigeria. [texte] => The project objective is to strengthen the moratorium on the death penalty, and the emergence of a new jurisprudence on the rights of those facing the death penalty, based on international standards.The project is being implemented in eight states in Nigeria and aims to provide free legal assistance to prisoners sentenced to death / risking the death penalty, training of lawyers, and advocacy campaign of key stakeholders.The project "Saving Lives: Strengthening the role of lawyers for the abolition of the death penalty" is implemented for a period of three years with funding from the European Union. The project partners are SALI Lawyers Without Borders France, the National Commission on Human Rights in Nigeria, the Nigerian Bar and the NGO Access to Justice.International expertsAbout 90 people, representatives of Nigerian and international institutions, diplomats, civil society and media participated to the conference.After welcoming remarks by Vice President of ASF France, Ivan Paneff, the discussions continued around a presentation given by the international expert and Ugandan activist for the abolition of the death penalty : Livingstone Sewanyana. He spoke about international perspectives on the abolition of the death penalty and focused on the situation in different African States.It was followed by a speech from a national expert on national perspectives of the death penalty.Several interventions highlighted the cruel, inhuman aspects of the death penalty, as well as its little deterrent effect, such as the representative of the Delegation of the European Union in Nigeria, which made a very strong statement in this sense.Others highlighted the fact that the Nigerian society was not yet fully prepared to adopt the abolition of this sentence and prior actions should be taken before considering its abolition.With different arguments and exchanged viewpoints on capital punishment, this Conference to launch the SALI project has certainly opened a strong debate on the issue, debate which will continue in the target states of the project through various outreach activities.The inaugural conference received extensive media coverage throughout the period.Read the Projects' Newsletter [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2372] => Array ( [objectID] => 4686 [title] => Connecticut increases momentum for abolition [timestamp] => 1334275200 [date] => 13/04/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/connecticut-increases-momentum-for-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1ae247624ecce6fe772ac7492db0a478_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Lawmakers in the US State of Connecticut have abolished capital punishment and the State’s governor has said that he would sign the bill into law. Elizabeth Zitrin of the US NGO Death Penalty Focus chairs the World Coalition’s working group on the United States. She writes on the significance of this news for the wider abolitionist movement. [texte] => The international trend away from the death penalty was cited by Connecticut Governor Dannel P. Malloy following the historic vote in the state’s legislature to end the use of capital punishment. “When I sign this bill, Connecticut will join 16 other states and almost every other industrialized nation in moving toward what I believe is better public policy.”Both chambers of the state’s General Assembly (photo) have voted to repeal the death penalty, which has been used only once in the past fifty-two years, in the case of an inmate who chose to abandon his legal appeals and accept execution.Close voteThe vote was close and tension-filled in the Senate last week, where the outcome was less than certain. The House of Representatives followed with a comfortable majority in favor of repeal after a nine-hour debate into the late hours of the night.Governor Malloy has said that he would sign the bill into law as long as it was prospective only, leaving eleven men on death row. This provision is seen as an acknowledgement of the horrific 2007 triple murder of the family of Dr. William Petit, who has been outspoken against repeal and has the sympathy of all and the support of some legislators.The votes were largely along party lines, with Democrats, who control both houses, mostly supporting repeal and Republicans mostly opposing.The debates touched on what have become familiar themes in the US as states rapidly move toward ending the practice.“Today is a dramatic and potentially historic day because the Senate has ... an opportunity to correct the arbitrariness, the discrimination, the random haphazard approach to the application of our death penalty in this state.'' Democratic Senator Eric Coleman, told The Hartford Courant newspaper.Old historyConnecticut is one of the original thirteen colonies in America, with a history of use of the death penalty back to the 17th Century. But in this oldest region of the country, the northeast, only New Hampshire and Pennsylvania still have capital punishment.This latest rejection of the controversial practice of state killing is part of a growing national trend in the US that reflects the international trend away from the death penalty.In the past few years, New Jersey, New Mexico and Illinois have all achieved legislative repeals, and New York’s highest court has invalidated that state’s capital punishment law.Looking to California nextThe next big prize may be California, the largest state, with by far the largest death row – over 720 people awaiting death.The SAFE California initiative is poised to be qualified for the November 6 statewide ballot. California has executed thirteen people in the modern era of capital punishment, at a total cost of over $4 billion, according to a recent report by Judge Arthur Alarcon and Professor Paula Mitchell.SAFE California, which is supported by a coalition of law enforcement professionals, victims’ family members, exonerees, religious groups and human rights organizations, would commit $100 million to solving unsolved serious crime. The state's death penalty now costs about $184 million per year..In California, 46% of homicides and 56% of reported rapes are unsolved. Replacing the death penalty with life in prison without possibility of parole is widely seen as a way to improve public safety.Photo by Photo Phiend [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2373] => Array ( [objectID] => 4687 [title] => Abolitionists of Central Africa met in Kinshasa [timestamp] => 1334188800 [date] => 12/04/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionists-of-central-africa-met-in-kinshasa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b64eacffe46fd3cf2eb38b0e13926f8c_2-500x258.jpg [extrait] => ECPM (Together against the death penalty) and CPJ (Culture for Peace and Justice) organized a conference in late March on strategies for abolition at the regional level. The Congolese government has reaffirmed its commitment to abolish the death penalty. [texte] => A very sensitive question in the regionAn interregional conference against the death penalty in Central Africa was held on 30 and 31 March in Kinshasa, DRC.Two members of the World Coalition, Together against the Death Penalty (ECPM) and the Congolese association Culture for Peace and Justice (CPJ), organized the meeting in partnership with the French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, the International Organization of the French Speaking Countries and the Spanish government.This event aimed to advance the regional abolitionist movement and to break the isolation of some African organizations while promoting the implementation of joint regional strategies for the abolition of capital punishment.Today out of the 57 African countries, 16 states continue to apply regularly the death penalty, 20 have abolished entirely and 21 no longer use it.The question of the death penalty is still very sensitive in the region, which recorded 42 executions and more than 650 death sentences in 2010. This is particularly the case in countries that have experienced massive civil unrest (Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, etc..).Official announcements which confirm the trend towards abolitionWith a hundred participants, from institutional actors to civil society representatives of 10 African countries, the conference started by raising public awareness during a plenary session held on Friday 30 March. Several national and international officials and abolitionist experts addressed different topics related to the death penalty, including abolition strategies.On this occasion, Alexis Thambwe Mwamba, Foreign Minister of the DRC officially announced that his country had an irreversible moratorium on executions. The Minister of Justice Luzolo Bambi said that he was in favor of a "responsible" abolition that should go hand in hand with a reform of the Congolese prison system to ensure that the sentences were dully carried out.These official announcements confirm the trend towards abolition in the Democratic Republic of Congo which has had a moratorium on executions since 2003. The 2006 Constitution stipulates in Articles 16 and 61 that every human being has the right to life.The creation of the Central African Coalition against the Death PenaltyOn Saturday 31 March, during a statutory meeting, Central African abolitionists created the Central African Coalition against the Death Penalty which includes key countries in the region (Cameroon, Congo - Brazzaville, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, CAR, DRC, Chad and Tanzania).During the meeting, Raphael Chenuil-Hazan, Director of ECPM said "after the abolition of slavery and torture, the abolition of the death penalty has become a universal struggle for humanity. DRC must have a strong political will to move towards abolition, as many neighboring countries have already abolished the DRC (Angola, Burundi, Gabon, Rwanda). "Lievin N'Gondji, president of CPJ, based in Kinshasa, called on “the Congolese MPs to legislate against the death penalty and follow the example of Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda because the abolition of the death penalty is one of the victories that humanity must win."Read the final declaration of the conference (in French only)Read the press release (in French only) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi [1] => Cameroon [2] => Central African Republic [3] => Chad [4] => Congo [5] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [6] => Kenya [7] => Uganda [8] => United Republic of Tanzania ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2374] => Array ( [objectID] => 4688 [title] => Alarming levels of executions in few countries – Amnesty [timestamp] => 1332806400 [date] => 27/03/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/alarming-levels-of-executions-in-few-countries-amnesty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d9d089cb97f1e327782afa1d64dac2cc_2-500x235.jpg [extrait] => In a new report, Amnesty International analyses some of the key developments in the worldwide application of the death penalty, citing figures it has gathered on the number of death sentences handed down and executions carried out in 2011. [texte] => Developments on the use of the death penalty in 2011 confirmed the global trend towards abolition. The number of countries that were known to have carried out death sentences decreased compared to the previous year, and overall, progress was recorded in all regions of the world.The isolation of countries that continue to carry out executions became even clearer and while many of these reduced their use of the death penalty, a small number of countries, including, Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, increased executions.The Death Penalty In 2011: Global NumbersAt least 20 countries were known to have carried out executions in 2011. Even including newly-independent South Sudan, this is a reduction from 2010, when 23 countries were reported to have implemented death sentences, and shows a steep decline against the figure recorded a decade ago, when 31 countries were known to have carried out executions.At least 676 executions were known to have been carried out worldwide in 2011, an increase on the 2010 figure of at least 527 executions worldwide. The increase is largely due to a significant increase in judicial killings in Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. However, the 676 figure does not include the thousands of people who were believed to have been executed in China in 2011.At least 1,923 people were known to have been sentenced to death in 63 countries in 2011. This represents a decrease from the 2010 figure of at least 2,024 death sentences worldwide.At least 18,750 people were under sentence of death worldwide at the end of 2011.Facts by regionsWhile the USA was the only country in the G8 to carry out executions, Illinois became its 16th abolitionist state, and in November the Governor of Oregon announced a moratorium on executions.In the Asia-Pacific region, no executions were recorded in Japan, for the first time in 19 years. In Africa, Nigeria confirmed and Sierra Leone announced official moratoriums on executions. While the Middle East and North Africa region was affected by large-scale political upheaval, Bahrain did not execute anybody, and the new government in Tunisia took a number of steps to reduce the use of the death penalty. Belarus continued to be the only country in europe and the former soviet union to carry out executions.View Amnesty International's video [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain [1] => Belarus [2] => China [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Iraq [5] => Nigeria [6] => Saudi Arabia [7] => Sierra Leone [8] => South Sudan [9] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2375] => Array ( [objectID] => 4689 [title] => Ratification of abolition treaties gathers pace in 2012 [timestamp] => 1332201600 [date] => 20/03/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ratification-of-abolition-treaties-gathers-pace-in-2012/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/72d70293ff2a21fd470ce76c98048a78_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The ratification campaign for the international protocols on the death penalty is on a roll with three new ratifications since January. [texte] => On 13 March 2012, the United Nations received Mongolia's accession documents to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. The Mongolian Parliament had voted to ratify the UN Protocol on 5 January.After two years of campaigning, hundreds of letters and about ten missions on the ground, Latvia abolished the death penalty for all crimes on 1st January 2012 and ratified Protocol No. 13 to the European Convention for Human Rights on 5 January 2012.On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, Dominican Republic ratified the American Protocol for the abolition of the death penalty on 27 January 2012.Angola, Benin, Bolivia, Cambodia and Poland are next on the list. They all made international pledges to ratify those Protocols for the abolition in the near future.With the beginning of the 2nd Cycle of the UN Universal Periodic Review and the UN resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty in 2012, the agenda for the year is more than favorable to push for ratification.In 2010 and 2011, only one ratification took place: Kirghizstan ratified the UN Protocol in December 2010 and Honduras ratified the American Protocol in October 2011. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Angola [1] => Bolivia (Plurinational State of) [2] => Cambodia [3] => Honduras [4] => Kyrgyzstan [5] => Latvia [6] => Mongolia [7] => Poland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2376] => Array ( [objectID] => 4690 [title] => Highest execution numbers in Iran in 10 years [timestamp] => 1331596800 [date] => 13/03/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/highest-execution-numbers-in-iran-in-10-years/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6b80e7d74f4fde785a56d8f66f59f683_2-500x257.jpg [extrait] => Iran Human Rights has published its annual report on the death penalty in Iran in 2011. IHR's international spokesperson Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam says the Iranian authorities are keeping the number of executions high because they use the death penalty as a political tool. [texte] => The number of executions in Iran in 2011 is the highest in 11 years with at least 676 people executed.What distinguishes the 2011 report from previous years is also the dramatic increase in the number of public executions. This increase is due to the fact that the Iranian authorities use executions as a political instrument to spread fear among the people.Following the June 2009 post-election protests, they have lost their legitimacy and support even among their supporters, so they need fear to continue ruling the country.When the international community puts pressure on one specific case, the authorities give up on that case, because individual cases do not matter to them: as long as they keep the number of executions high, they achieve their goal.Their aim is not to fight against crime or to follow religion - they are fighting for their survival and the death penalty is essential to their survival.Some facts:• At least 676 people were executed according to IHR’s annual report 2011• 65 executions were carried out in public. This is the highest number of public executions in more than 10 years• At least 4 juvenile offenders were among those executed in Iran in 2011• At least 15 women were executed in 2011. Executions of 13 of these women were not made public by the Iranian authorities• 3 young men were executed after they were convicted of sodomy• One man was executed after he was convicted of “apostasy” (renouncing religion)• More than 80% of those executed were convicted of drug trafficking [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Juveniles [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2377] => Array ( [objectID] => 4692 [title] => More than 1,000 sentenced to death in Iraq in 8 years [timestamp] => 1330560000 [date] => 01/03/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/more-than-1000-sentenced-to-death-in-iraq-in-8-years/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d8c9561779c3cec60610ea891ea00f1c_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The Iraqi institutions established after the US-led invasion and the fall of Saddam Hussein have reinstated the death penalty and extended its scope since 2004. In this op-ed article, Iraqi Coalition Against the Death Penalty president Nassr Abood calls for alternative sentences and for a strong stance from the international community. [texte] => The death penalty is a cruel punishment and its execution takes away the life of human beings that God has honoured among all creatures.Although they have diverged on this issue, most modern legal systems have included the death penalty.In Iraq, the provisional authority set up during the US occupation abolished capital punishment by ministerial decree No7 on 10 June 2003.However, the security situation since then, including the rise of violence and growing numbers of murders and abductions of innocent civilians, has led the Council of Ministers to take a new decree (No 8/08/2004) to reinstate the death penalty to punish those guilty of serious crimes against Iraq’s security, the life of its children, and the future of its next generations and its economy.That decision was justified by Iraq’s circumstances at the time and the need to protect security, human rights and human lives.Capital crimes were re-established as in the 1969 Penal Code No111 modified as follows: attacks on the security of the State; offences causing harm to the general public or using bacteriological products; attacks on the security of means of transportation and communication; homicides; drug trafficking; kidnapping; terrorism.Anti-terror ActThe Anti-terror Act No13 of 2005 extended the scope of the death penalty to new offences regarded as serious because of the damage they cause against national unity, public order and stability.Article 4 of that law punishes the perpetrators or accomplices of the following terrorism offences by death: violence and threats spreading terror among the population; premeditated destruction or devastation of public buildings, compounds or services; organisation, formation or command of an armed group; attack on the armed forces; armed attack with terrorist motivation against embassies and diplomatic representations; kidnapping or false imprisonment; use of explosive or incendiary devices or sites to provoke death.We, the Iraqi, Arab and World Coalitions Against the Death Penalty oppose the death penalty under all circumstances and any form. We disagree with such legislation and we demand that alternatives be found to the death penalty.We also denounce the Iraqi government’s discriminatory policy, which uses the death penalty with an ethnic or religious bias.That penalty is imposed on a majority of innocent people from a different religion to that of those in government and whose confessions have been obtained through violence, terror, physical and moral torture, by investigators and magistrates belonging to the same community as the government.Meanwhile, the real criminals and the members of their militias are free on the streets and engage in pillage, corruption and terrorism.Some 1145 people have now been sentenced to death and many of them have been executed – the highest number ever recorded in modern history.Most of those people have been accused on the basis of hearsay and confessions obtained through intimidation and torture.Iraqi prisons are in many cases secret or underground, and they are filled with dozens of thousands of innocent people.We are calling on the international community and all its organisations, led by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, to take a firm stance against such human rights abuses in Iraq. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq [1] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2378] => Array ( [objectID] => 4693 [title] => Japan death penalty at turning point [timestamp] => 1328745600 [date] => 09/02/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/japan-death-penalty-at-turning-point/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a9fb4dea4f1826734050703263be38be_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => After one year without executions, the Japanese government looks set to resume state killings. The Center for Prisoners' Rights, a World Coalition member organisation, has launched an urgent petition to reverse the trend. [texte] => On December 29th 2011, Japan marked its first execution-free year since 1993. At that time, there had been no execution for 17 months since the last execution ordered by Justice Minister Keiko Chiba.The past year's respite was achieved by the next Justice Minister Hideo Hiraoka, who resisted strong pressure from various strands of society calling for executions.However, on January 13th 2012, Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda replaced Hiraoka with Toshio Ogawa in a cabinet reshuffle. One of the major reasons for his replacement was obviously Hiraoka's disapproval of any execution.New Justice Minister Toshio Ogawa, who served as Vice Justice Minister in the Kan Cabinet, started his professional career as a judge, then was a public prosecutor and later a lawyer.130 on death rowSince he took office, Ogawa has clearly denied the possibility of continuing the stay of executions, by claiming that ordering an execution is the justice minister’s responsibility, and has repeatedly expressed his intention to approve executions during his term as minister.Now the number of death row prisoners whose sentences have been finalized is going to be over 130.With a general election expected to take place following the current Diet session, not only officials at the ministry of justice but also the ruling Democratic Party of Japan applies pressure on the justice minister to approve executions.The situation in Japan is critical. We must stop executions and we can do it with the support from abolitionists from all over the world.We are asking for a few minutes of your time to sign this petition, which will make a difference for the future of Japan’s death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2379] => Array ( [objectID] => 4694 [title] => European Union tightens rules on export of death drug [timestamp] => 1327017600 [date] => 20/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/european-union-tightens-rules-on-export-of-death-drug/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/12139fd53ac6c903fcca9bca53278b16_2-500x330.jpg [extrait] => On 20 December 2011 the European Commission added sodium thiopental to the list of goods that are subject to tight export controls to ensure they do not find their way into overseas death chambers. [texte] => The Commission has decided not to completely ban the exportation of sodium thiopental and other barbiturates which are widely used as anaesthetics in lethal injections protocols across the US.The text of the amended regulation states: “The relevant medicinal products were developed for inter alia anaesthesia and sedation and their export should therefore not be made subject to a complete prohibition.”World Coalition organisation Reprieve’s Executive Director Clare Algar said: “This is an important and positive first step in preventing the use of European drugs in executions. However, we need to see a broad, catch-all provision to prevent any drugs from being used in capital punishment in order to ensure Europe is never again complicit in the death penalty.”"In response to the calls from civil society"The addition of sodium thiopental to Annex III of EU Council Regulation 1236/2005 is largely the result of a year-long lobbying effort by anti-death penalty powerhouses after it was discovered that the sodium thiopental being used in US executions was being manufactured in Europe.The World Coalition, Amnesty International, Penal Reform International, Reprieve and other high-profile civil society organisations had signed a submission appealing to the European Commission to control the exportation of drugs that are used in US executions.Catherine Ashton, High Representative for the Foreign Affairs and security Policy and Vice-President of the Commission said: “This is a first step in response to the calls of civil society organisations and the European Parliament to strengthen the EU legislation. It will be followed by a full review of the relevant regulation next year.”Having helped bring about this change, Maya Foa from Reprieve remarked: “We will be working to get more stringent catch-all clauses in place on the EU regulation to safeguard against possible complicity due to potential changes in execution drug protocol by US departments of corrections.”Ms Foa added: “More generally, we are working with the US (and international) medical community and pharmaceutical industry to try to put a stop to the use of any kind of medical technology in capital punishment procedures.”From scandal to trade restrictions Prisons in retentionist states in the US began searching overseas for sodium thiopental after a nationwide shortage of the drug was set to impede upcoming executions. In one case the drug was rushed in from Britain for an execution in Arizona.With the spotlight squarely on Hospira Inc., the sole US manufacturer of the drug, the company decided to cease its production in early 2011 due to concerns that their product was being used to end lives instead of saving them.Pressure from civil society aimed at European governments and suppliers to stop the export of the deadly drug followed. The British Government was quick to respond by implementing domestic export restrictions on the drug. Similar positive moves were also taken by Italian, German and other European governments.As it became clear that Europe was going to close its doors on the exportation of sodium thiopental, US prisons turned to a barbiturate called pentobarbital.The Danish chemicals company Lundbeck that was exporting the drug to the US faced instant political and economic pressure. In mid-2011 the company assured abolitionists that the drug will not be used in executions. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Denmark [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2380] => Array ( [objectID] => 5848 [title] => The Ride: A Shocking Murder and a Bereaved Father’s Journey from Rage to Redemption [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-ride-a-shocking-murder-and-a-bereaved-fathers-journey-from-rage-to-redemption/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Ride tells the true story of one of the most gruesome crimes in recent memory—the 1997 abduction and murder of ten-year-old Massachusetts resident Jeffrey Curley—and how his father, Bob Curley, managed to heal the deep wounds of rage and emerge to become an outspoken critic of the death penalty.In vivid, compelling prose, Boston Globe reporter Brian MacQuarrie recounts the brutal crime that shocked New England and chronicles what transpires after Jeffrey’s death, which is nearly as shocking as the crime itself. At the heart of this deeply touching story is the way Bob Curley summons the almost superhuman courage to reject the death penalty. In tracing his personal journey, The Ride presents an appealing everyman hero forced into the spotlight by unfathomable circumstances, and compelled to confront the consequences of his fury. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0306816261 ) [2381] => Array ( [objectID] => 6096 [title] => Deterrence and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deterrence-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Many studies during the past few decades have sought to determine whether the death penalty has any deterrent effect on homicide rates. Researchers have reached widely varying, even contradictory, conclusions. Some studies have concluded that the threat of capital punishment deters murders, saving large numbers of lives; other studies have concluded that executions actually increase homicides; still others, that executions have no effect on murder rates. Commentary among researchers, advocates, and policymakers on the scientific validity of the findings has sometimes been acrimonious. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => https://www.nap.edu/login.php?record_id=13363&page=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fdownload.php%3Frecord_id%3D13363 ) [2382] => Array ( [objectID] => 6148 [title] => Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/who-lives-who-dies-who-decides/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The objective of this initiative was to use “the product of art” as a vehicle to educate common people about the history and practice of capital punishment in America and to lift societies consciousness around the idea of endowing a National Death Penalty Museum to preserve its deep history. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.whodecidesinc.org/?page_id=672 ) [2383] => Array ( [objectID] => 6177 [title] => What Strategies Towards the Abolition of the Death Penalty in West Africa? : Report of the Symposium in Dakar [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/what-strategies-towards-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-west-africa-report-of-the-symposium-in-dakar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The regional seminar on the abolition of the death penalty in West Africa took place inDakar (Senegal) from 12-14 November 2012. This workshop brought together nineteenACAT members affiliated to FIACAT. It was therefore possible for each of the nine West Afri-can ACATs1to be represented by two participants (with the exception of Senegal, whichwas represented by three members).Participants at the workshop attended lectures and had the opportunity to developnational action plans for achieving abolition in their countries. According to feedbackreceived at the end of the seminar, attendees found the practical nature of the lectures,and the opportunity to network with other ACATs and learn from the experiences of otherparticipants, particularly beneficial.This document is a collection of all of the lectures from the Dakar seminar, as well asinternational and African texts relating to the death penalty. It is intended as a practicaltool to assist us as we progress towards abolition in Sub-Saharan Africa. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fiacat.org/IMG/pdf/Actes-Dakar-Uk-bassedef.pdf ) [2384] => Array ( [objectID] => 6181 [title] => Go With God [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/go-with-god/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => David Taylor has just half an hour to live. He is alone in his cell, in a foreign country, facing execution for something that isn't even a crime back home in Britain.David has committed the crime of adultery in Iran, a fundamentalist Islamic nation. In the last minutes of his life he tries to come to terms with terrifying finality of his seemingly insignificant actions.Written to be shot in real-time, we follow every second of every minute of the last half hour of David's life. As he chain smokes his way through to his upcoming oblivion, David is a mess of emotions. From tears and rage to laughter and even calm, he is trying to wrench everything... anything... from his dwindling life.As he interacts with different people, each having a different agenda - the prison governor, the Swedish consul, the guards and his best friend - we see a mirror being held up to reflect the wider world we live in.And finally, it is a simple study of raw human emotion, of friendship and of love. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.gowithgodfilm.com/ ) [2385] => Array ( [objectID] => 6185 [title] => Bryan Stevenson: We need to talk about an injustice [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bryan-stevenson-we-need-to-talk-about-an-injustice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In an engaging and personal talk — with cameo appearances from his grandmother and Rosa Parks — human rights lawyer Bryan Stevenson shares some hard truths about America's justice system, starting with a massive imbalance along racial lines: a third of the country's black male population has been incarcerated at some point in their lives. These issues, which are wrapped up in America's unexamined history, are rarely talked about with this level of candor, insight and persuasiveness.Speaker starts talking about the death penalty at the 8 minute mark. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.ted.com/talks/bryan_stevenson_we_need_to_talk_about_an_injustice#t-621502 ) [2386] => Array ( [objectID] => 6186 [title] => David R. Dow: Lessons from death row inmates [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/david-r-dow-lessons-from-death-row-inmates/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => What happens before a murder? In looking for ways to reduce death penalty cases, David R. Dow realized that a surprising number of death row inmates had similar biographies. In this talk he proposes a bold plan, one that prevents murders in the first place. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.ted.com/talks/david_r_dow_lessons_from_death_row_inmates#t-624925 ) [2387] => Array ( [objectID] => 6194 [title] => Quest for Justice: Defending the Damned [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/quest-for-justice-defending-the-damned/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Quest For Justice, the author takes readers into the Bo Cochran and Eric Rudolph cases, along with those of Randall Padgett and Judge Jack Montgomery, in a conversational, story-driven narrative that offers personal insights and intimate views into these complex individuals and cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.questforjusticethebook.com/ ) [2388] => Array ( [objectID] => 6216 [title] => ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE ULTIMATE PENAL SANCTION ON HOMICIDE SURVIVORS: A TWO STATE COMPARISON [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/assessing-the-impact-of-the-ultimate-penal-sanction-on-homicide-survivors-a-two-state-comparison/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Numerous studies have examinedthe psychological sequelae thatresult from the murder of a loved one. Except for the death penalty,however, sparse attention has been paidto the impact of the murderer’ssentence on homicide survivors’ well-being. Given the steadfastness ofthe public’s opinion that the death penalty brings satisfaction and closureto survivors, it is surprising thatthere has been no systematic inquirydirectly with survivors about whether obtaining the ultimate punishmentaffects their healing. This Study used in-person interviews with arandomly selected sample of survivorsfrom four time periods to examinethe totality of the ultimate penal sanction (UPS) process and itslongitudinal impact on their lives. Moreover, it assessed the differentialeffect of two types of UPS by comparing survivors’ experiences in Texas,a death penalty state, and Minnesota, a life without the possibility ofparole (LWOP) state. Comparing states highlights differences primarilyduring the postconviction stage, specifically with respect to the appealsprocess and in regard to survivor well-being. In Minnesota, survivors ofadjudicated cases show higher levels of physical, psychological, andbehavioral health. This Study’s findings have implications for trialstrategy and policy development. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5144&context=mulr ) [2389] => Array ( [objectID] => 6225 [title] => The Death Penalty in North Korea: In the machinery of a totalitarian State [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-north-korea-in-the-machinery-of-a-totalitarian-state/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty is a violation of the right to life; however, its use in the DPRK has, overthe years, been particularly extensive and substantially different from other countries. Thisis partly due to the DPRK’s totalitarian system, characterized by widespread and systematichuman rights violations that aim at maintaining social order and political control.While the government of the Republic of Korea (also known as South Korea) has retained thedeath penalty, it is considered to be abolitionist in practice, having carried out no executionssince December 1997. By contrast, the DPRK has consistently used the death penalty, and hasnever allowed any organization to investigate the matter. Nevertheless, information derivedfrom witness observations and the few existing reliable reports, reveal thousands of executionssince the 1950s, with the largest numbers in the 1990s and the 2000s. Since 2010, dozens ofpeoplehavebeenexecuted.TheDPRK’sintensesecrecyjustifiestheconclusionthattheselargenumbersarelowerthantheactualfiguresinreality. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/en-report-northkorea-high-resolution.pdf ) [2390] => Array ( [objectID] => 6295 [title] => China Against the Death Penalty Report 2012 [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/china-against-the-death-penalty-report-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The original report in Chinese was in three parts. Part I, translated here, outlines the legal system and its application in relation to the death penalty. Part II introduces the use of the death penalty review system following the Supreme People’s Court’s resumption of its power to review death sentences on January 1st, 2007. Part II also analyses the influence of the death penalty review system on the new criminal procedure law that will come into effect in 2013. Part III introduces a number of death penalty cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CADP2012report-EN-1.pdf ) [2391] => Array ( [objectID] => 6304 [title] => Foreign nationals facing the death penalty in the USA: the important role of consular officials [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/foreign-nationals-facing-the-death-penalty-in-the-usa-the-important-role-of-consular-officials/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This video explains the role of consular officers in protecting their nationals when they face the death penalty abroad. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oF8aoOOU_p8 ) [2392] => Array ( [objectID] => 6306 [title] => Human Rights and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Four-page introduction to the status of the death penalty in international human rights law and the global trend abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.discoverhumanrights.org/uploads/international_fact_sheet_2012_4.pdf ) [2393] => Array ( [objectID] => 6331 [title] => United Nations Principles and Guidelines on Access to Legal Aid in Criminal Justice Systems [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/united-nations-principles-and-guidelines-on-access-to-legal-aid-in-criminal-justice-systems/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Resolution adopted by the Economic and Social Council [on the recommendation of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (E/2012/30 and Corr.1 and 2)] [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/RES/2012/15 ) [2394] => Array ( [objectID] => 6335 [title] => The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area 2012 [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-osce-area-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper updates The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2011. It is intended to provide a concise update to highlight changes in the status of the death penalty in OSCE participating States since the previous publication and to promote constructive discussion of this issue. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/odihr/94219 ) [2395] => Array ( [objectID] => 6339 [title] => Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-the-situation-of-human-rights-in-the-islamic-republic-of-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report, the first to be submitted to the Human Rights Council, is submitted pursuant to Council resolution 16/9 and covers the human rights developments since the commencement of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on 1 August 2011. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session19/A-HRC-19-66_en.pdf ) [2396] => Array ( [objectID] => 6340 [title] => Children of parents sentenced to death [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/children-of-parents-sentenced-to-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper will raise awareness of some of the issues facing the child. It will consider and elaborate on each of these issues in as much detail as the current literature permits. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.quno.org/sites/default/files/resources/ENGLISH_Children%20of%20parents%20sentenced%20to%20death.pdf ) [2397] => Array ( [objectID] => 6341 [title] => Life after death: What replaces the death penalty? [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/life-after-death-what-replaces-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Report from PRI that analyzes how there has been a global trend towards the universal abolition of the death penalty and a restriction in the scope and use of capital punishment over the last fifty years. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/resource/life-death-replaces-death-penalty/ ) [2398] => Array ( [objectID] => 6342 [title] => The State of Criminal Justice 2012 [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-state-of-criminal-justice-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The American Bar Association recently published The State of Criminal Justice 2012, an annual report that examines major issues, trends and significant changes in America's criminal justice system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/new-resource-state-criminal-justice-2012 ) [2399] => Array ( [objectID] => 6343 [title] => State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/state-sponsored-homophobia-a-world-survey-of-laws-criminalising-same-sex-sexual-acts-between-consenting-adults/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This annual report is characterized by contrasts – some victories to celebrate against a background of hateful laws still in force and hate crimes around the world. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf ) [2400] => Array ( [objectID] => 6345 [title] => Index of Paralegal Services in Africa [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/index-of-paralegal-services-in-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Index of Paralegal Services in Africa is the latest resource in PRI’s paralegal series. It lists paralegal services, paralegal networks and university legal clinics in 21 African countries and, where the information was available, provides contact details, a summary of the main services offered, a list of donors and examples of important results achieved. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/publications/index-paralegal-services-africa?utm_source=Penal+Reform+International+e-bulletin&utm_campaign=ab98f0ae5f-PRI_enews_July_2012&utm_medium=email ) [2401] => Array ( [objectID] => 6346 [title] => Evidence Does Not Support Death Penalty As Deterrent [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/evidence-does-not-support-death-penalty-as-deterrent/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ever since California added the death penalty to its penal code in the 1870s, supporters have argued that the threat of executions would make potential murderers think twice before committing heinous crimes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/editorials-evidence-does-not-support-death-penalty-deterrent ) [2402] => Array ( [objectID] => 6353 [title] => The Darkest Hour: Shedding Light on the Impact of Isolation and Death Row [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-darkest-hour-shedding-light-on-the-impact-of-isolation-and-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Darkest Hour: Stories and Interviews from Death Row by Nanon M. Williams emerged from a deep and dark despair in a place where the thought of suicide often holds more appeal than the thought of living [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Darkest-Hour-Interviews-Stories-ebook/dp/B009N5RNBM/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1349660189&sr=1-2&keywords=The+Darkest+Hour+by+Nanon+Williams ) [2403] => Array ( [objectID] => 6354 [title] => Partners in Crime: International Funding for Drug Control and Gross Violations of Human Rights [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/partners-in-crime-international-funding-for-drug-control-and-gross-violations-of-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In providing specific examples of financial and material support provided by UN and international donors for drug control efforts, and human rights concerns raised by such support, the report compels readers to think critically about government efforts to meet their ‘shared responsibility’ to address drug use and drug-related crime [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ihra.net/files/2012/06/20/Partners_in_Crime_web1.pdf ) [2404] => Array ( [objectID] => 6356 [title] => DEATH ROW PHENOMENON VIOLATES HUMAN RIGHTS [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-phenomenon-violates-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Conditions surrounding the death penalty and its application necessitate examination and recognition of the tortuous experience endured by death row inmates, as it culminates in the onset of the death row phenomenon [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.humanrightsadvocates.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Death-Row-Phenomenon-2012.pdf ) [2405] => Array ( [objectID] => 6357 [title] => Freedom of Thought 2012: A Global Report on Discrimination Against Humanists, and the Nonreligious International Humanist and Ethical Union Atheists [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/freedom-of-thought-2012-a-global-report-on-discrimination-against-humanists-and-the-nonreligious-international-humanist-and-ethical-union-atheists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report shows that atheists, humanists and other nonreligious people are discriminated against by governments across the world, sometimes facing death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.iheu.org/files/IHEU%20Freedom%20of%20Thought%202012.pdf ) [2406] => Array ( [objectID] => 6358 [title] => Entrenchment and/or Destabilization? Reflections on (Another) Two Decades of Constitutional Regulation of Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/entrenchment-and-or-destabilization-reflections-on-another-two-decades-of-constitutional-regulation-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A recent law review article by Professors Carol and Jordan Steiker examines two decades of attempts to regulate capital punishment and concludes that this process may have paved the way to a finding that the death penalty is unconstitutional [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/law-reviews-revisiting-constitutionality-death-penalty ) [2407] => Array ( [objectID] => 6359 [title] => Infographic: Death Sentences in the USA in 2012 [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/infographic-death-sentences-in-the-usa-in-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => DPIC collects information on the number of death sentences in the United States. We only count the number of "new sentences," i.e., we do not recount individuals who were sentenced to death in a previous year, had their sentenced overturned, and were resentenced in the current year. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/2012-sentencing ) [2408] => Array ( [objectID] => 6376 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2012 Tipping the Scales for Abolition [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2012-tipping-the-scales-for-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There are many routes towards abolition of the death penalty. The courtroom is just one of them, as is the reduction of the number of offences for which the death penalty may be applied. However, considering how clearly international human rights bodies have set out the international norms against these laws, governments should now be forced to defend these international standards against the use of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.ihra.net/files/2012/11/13/Death_penalty_2012_Tipping_the_Scales_Web.pdf ) [2409] => Array ( [objectID] => 6377 [title] => Elimination of all forms of religious intolerance [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/elimination-of-all-forms-of-religious-intolerance/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, Heiner Bielefeldt, provides an overview of his mandate activities since the submission of the previous report to the General Assembly (A/66/156), including his country visits, communications and other activities. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A%2F67%2F303&Submit=Search&Lang=E ) [2410] => Array ( [objectID] => 6379 [title] => Interim report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/interim-report-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the present report, submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 66/150, the Special Rapporteur addresses issues of special concern and recent developments in the context of his mandate. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A%2F67%2F279&Submit=Search&Lang=E ) [2411] => Array ( [objectID] => 6380 [title] => Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In States in which the death penalty continues to be used, international law imposes stringent requirements that must be met for it not to be regarded as unlawful. In the present report, the Special Rapporteur considers the problem of error and the use of military tribunals in the context of fair trial requirements. He also examines the constraint that the death penalty may be imposed only for the most serious crimes: those involving intentional killing. Lastly, he considers the issues of collaboration and complicity, in addition to transparency in respect of the use of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A%2F67%2F275&Submit=Search&Lang=E ) [2412] => Array ( [objectID] => 6382 [title] => ENHANCING EU ACTION ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN ASIA [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/enhancing-eu-action-on-the-death-penalty-in-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper has three objectives. First, it provides an analysis of the state-of-play regarding the death penalty in Asia. Second it reports on EU human rights dialogues. Third, it suggests policies that might help to support initiatives in Asian countries aimed both at restraining the use of the death penalty and securing its complete abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/studiesdownload.html?languageDocument=EN&file=78258 ) [2413] => Array ( [objectID] => 6383 [title] => Moving Away From the Death Penalty: National Experiences [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/moving-away-from-the-death-penalty-national-experiences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Why do states retain the death penalty? Any suggestions that the death penalty has a meaningful deterrent effect have been overstated, with little research supporting such an assertion. The OHCHR is organising a series of global panel discussions on the abolition of the death penalty. This publication is based on the first of these discussions, held at the United Nations in New York on 3 July 2012. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/Lists/MeetingsNY/Attachments/27/moving_away_from_death_penalty_web.pdf ) [2414] => Array ( [objectID] => 6384 [title] => Death penalty abolition, Death penalty as inhuman and degrading treatment [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-abolition-death-penalty-as-inhuman-and-degrading-treatment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Factsheet regarding cases concerning the Death Penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/NR/rdonlyres/C20F17A5-5F49-47C9-9CBD-A2A26985E099/0/FICHES_Abolition_peine_de_mort_ENG.pdf ) [2415] => Array ( [objectID] => 6390 [title] => The Final Request [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-final-request/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This 2012 animation “The Final Request” was produced under the EU funded project 'Progressive Abolition of the Death Penalty and Alternatives that Respect International Human Rights Standards'. The three-minute animation provides a basic overview of the application of the death penalty in the Middle East and North African region. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/multimedia/final-request ) [2416] => Array ( [objectID] => 6393 [title] => Forgotten [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/forgotten/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This 2011 film 'Forgotten' was produced under the EU funded project 'Progressive Abolition of the Death Penalty and Alternatives that Respect International Human Rights Standards'. The film reflects the conditions for those sentenced to life imprisonment in the countries of Central Asia. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/multimedia/forgotten ) [2417] => Array ( [objectID] => 6394 [title] => Death Penalty: Trials and Tribulations [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-trials-and-tribulations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Uganda, 28 crimes can attract the death penalty - including robbery, smuggling, acts of treason and terrorism, and non-lethal military sentences, and death sentences continue to be handed out after judicial proceedings which fail to meet international standards for a fair trial. This film produced by PRI's Ugandan partner the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative provides a moving insight into the situation of prisoners on death row and others serving life sentences in the country. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/resource/trials-tribulations/ ) [2418] => Array ( [objectID] => 6395 [title] => Behind Bars [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/behind-bars/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This 2012 documentary film 'Behind Bars' was produced under the EU funded project 'Progressive Abolition of the Death Penalty and Alternatives that Respect International Human Rights Standards'.The film reflects the application of life sentence, conditions of lifers and long sentenced prisoners and the State's attitude towards these offenders in the countries of the South Caucasus. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/resource/bars/ ) [2419] => Array ( [objectID] => 6403 [title] => Middle East and North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/middle-east-and-north-africa-algeria-egypt-jordan-lebanon-morocco-and-tunisia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The aim of this research paper is to provide upto-date information about the laws and practices relating to the application of the death penalty. It includes an analysis of the alternative anctions to the death penalty (life and long-term imprisonment) and whether they reflect international human rights standards and norms. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/MENA%20research%20report%20on%20death%20penalty%20and%20alternative%20sanctions%20ENGLISH%20March%202012.pdf ) [2420] => Array ( [objectID] => 6404 [title] => The abolition of the death penalty and its alternative sanction in Eastern Europe: Belarus, Russia and Ukraine [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-and-its-alternative-sanction-in-eastern-europe-belarus-russia-and-ukraine/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This research paper focuses on the application of the death penalty and its alternative sanction in three countries of Eastern Europe: the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and kraine. Its aim is to provide up-to-date information about the laws and practices relating to the application of the death penalty in this region, including an analysis of the alternative sanctions to the death penalty and whether they reflect international human rights standards and norms. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/Eastern%20European%20research%20Death%20%20Penalty%20&%20Alternative%20Sanctions%20ENGLISH%20March%202012.pdf ) [2421] => Array ( [objectID] => 6405 [title] => DNA and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dna-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Essays on the theme of the issue of the DNA and the Death Penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.cato-unbound.org/archives/march-2012-dna-and-the-death-penalty/ ) [2422] => Array ( [objectID] => 6406 [title] => Justice Advocates Project [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/justice-advocates-project/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Death Penalty Focus Justice Advocates Project empowers people with firsthand experience of the death penalty system to become advocates for fairness and justice by telling their personal stories to the public. Justice Advocates include the wrongfully convicted and law enforcement professionals, who bring their varied experiences of the flaws and dangers of the death penalty system to the public discourse [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=122 ) [2423] => Array ( [objectID] => 6407 [title] => Life After Death Row: Exonerees’ Search for Community and Identity [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/life-after-death-row-exonerees-search-for-community-and-identity/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => n Life After Death Row: Exonerees’ Search for Community and Identity, the authors focus on three central areas affecting those who had to begin a new life after leaving years of severe confinement: the seeming invisibility of these individuals after their release; the complicity of the justice system in allowing that invisibility; and the need for each of them to confront their personal trauma [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/books-life-after-death-row-exonerees%E2%80%99-search-community-and-identity ) [2424] => Array ( [objectID] => 6408 [title] => Public Executions in Virginia [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/public-executions-in-virginia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A new book by Professor Harry M. Ward of the University of Richmond examines the death penalty in Virginia at a time when executions were carried out for all to see. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/history-public-executions-virginia ) [2425] => Array ( [objectID] => 6409 [title] => The Death of the American Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-of-the-american-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A new book by Larry Koch, Colin Wark and John Galliher discusses the status of the death penalty in the U.S. in light of recent legislative activity and court decisions. In The Death of the American Death Penalty, the authors examine the impact of factors such as economic conditions, public sentiment, the role of elites, the media, and population diversity on the death penalty debate. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/books-death-american-death-penalty ) [2426] => Array ( [objectID] => 6410 [title] => Survivor on Death Row [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/survivor-on-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Survivor on Death Row, a new e-book co-authored by death row inmate Romell Broom and Clare Nonhebel, tells the story of Ohio's botched attempt to execute Broom by lethal injection in 2009. In September of that year, Broom was readied for execution and placed on the gurney, but the procedure was terminated after corrections officials spent over two hours attempting to find a suitable vein for the lethal injection. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/books-survivor-death-row-ohios-failed-attempt-execute-romell-broom ) [2427] => Array ( [objectID] => 6411 [title] => Early Supreme Court Cases on the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/early-supreme-court-cases-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A new book by Professor Robert Bohm of the University of Central Florida looks at death-penalty decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court prior to the modern era of capital punishment that began in 1968. In The Past As Prologue, Bohm examines 39 Court decisions, covering issues such as clemency, jury selection, coerced confessions, and effective representation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/books-early-supreme-court-cases-death-penalty ) [2428] => Array ( [objectID] => 6412 [title] => Cruel and Unusual: The American Death Penalty and the Founders’ Eighth Amendment [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/cruel-and-unusual-the-american-death-penalty-and-the-founders-eighth-amendment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bessler examines the Supreme Court’s Eighth Amendment case law and concludes that the death penalty may well be declared unconstitutional in time. Sister Helen Prejean, author of Dead Man Walking, called the book, “A searing indictment of capital punishment, this pioneering history of the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause is destined to reframe America’s death penalty debate. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/books-cruel-and-unusual-american-death-penalty-and-founders%E2%80%99-eighth-amendment ) [2429] => Array ( [objectID] => 6413 [title] => Most Deserving of Death? An Analysis of the Supreme Court’s Death Penalty Jurisprudence [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/most-deserving-of-death-an-analysis-of-the-supreme-courts-death-penalty-jurisprudence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The book looks at issues such as jury selection, ineffective assistance of counsel, innocence, and race, and how these issues reflect on who is sentenced to death. Prof. Williams concludes that that application of the death penalty is inconsistent and incoherent, partly because of the Supreme Court's jurisprudence, and this leads to a lack of public confidence in the system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/books-most-deserving-death ) [2430] => Array ( [objectID] => 6414 [title] => The Inferno: A Southern Morality Tale [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-inferno-a-southern-morality-tale/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => chronicles the compelling story of Philip Workman, who was executed in Tennessee in 2007. The author, a minister of the United Church of Christ who has spent decades working with those on death row, served as Mr. Workman's pastor and tells the story from his own viewpoint, as well as those of others familiar with the case. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/books-inferno-southern-morality-tale ) [2431] => Array ( [objectID] => 6415 [title] => The Death Penalty Failed Experiment: From Gary Graham to Troy Davis in Context [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-failed-experiment-from-gary-graham-to-troy-davis-in-context/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A new book published in electronic format, The Death Penalty Failed Experiment: From Gary Graham to Troy Davis in Context by Diann Rust-Tierney, examines the problem of arbitrariness in the death penalty since its reinstatement in 1976. Through an analysis of the cases of Gary Graham and Troy Davis, the author argues that race, wealth and geography play a more significant role in determining who faces capital punishment than the facts of the crime itself. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/books-death-penalty-failed-experiment-gary-graham-troy-davis-context ) [2432] => Array ( [objectID] => 6416 [title] => Killing McVeigh: The Death Penalty and the Myth of Closure [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/killing-mcveigh-the-death-penalty-and-the-myth-of-closure/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Professor Jody Lynee' Madeira of the Indiana University School of Law follows the aftermath of the Oklahoma City bombing to explore whether the families of murder victims obtain closure from an execution. In Killing McVeigh: The Death Penalty and the Myth of Closure, Prof. Madeira recounts her wide range of interviews with those who experienced this tragedy first-hand. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/books-killing-mcveigh-death-penalty-and-myth-closure ) [2433] => Array ( [objectID] => 6417 [title] => Injustice: Life and Death in the Courtrooms of America [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/injustice-life-and-death-in-the-courtrooms-of-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A new book by Clive Stafford Smith, a British lawyer who has defended death row inmates in the U.S., offers an in-depth view of capital punishment in America. In Injustice: Life and Death in the Courtrooms of America, Stafford Smith examines the case of Kris Maharaj, a British citizen who was sentenced to death in Florida for a double murder, to expose problems in the justice system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.rbooks.co.uk/product.aspx?id=1846556252 ) [2434] => Array ( [objectID] => 6418 [title] => Die Free: A True Story of Murder, Betrayal and Miscarried Justice [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/die-free-a-true-story-of-murder-betrayal-and-miscarried-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A new electronic book by former journalist Peter Rooney offers an in-depth look at the case of Joseph Burrows, who was exonerated from Illinois's death row in 1996. In Die Free: A True Story of Murder, Betrayal and Miscarried Justice, Rooney explains how Burrows was sentenced to death for the murder of William Dulin based on snitch testimony. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/books-die-free-true-story-murder-betrayal-and-miscarried-justice ) [2435] => Array ( [objectID] => 6419 [title] => Deterrence and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deterrence-and-the-death-penalty-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Many studies during the past few decades have sought to determine whether the death penalty has any deterrent effect on homicide rates. Researchers have reached widely varying, even contradictory, conclusions. Some studies have concluded that the threat of capital punishment deters murders, saving large numbers of lives; other studies have concluded that executions actually increase homicides; still others, that executions have no effect on murder rates. Commentary among researchers, advocates, and policymakers on the scientific validity of the findings has sometimes been acrimonious. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13363#description ) [2436] => Array ( [objectID] => 6420 [title] => In This Timeless Time: Living and Dying on Death Row in America [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-this-timeless-time-living-and-dying-on-death-row-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this comprehensive, well-crafted book, published in association with the Center for Documentary Studies at Duke University, SUNY-Buffalo professors Jackson and Christian build upon the photographs and interviews from death row in Texas that yielded their 1979 book and documentary Death Row [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-8078-3539-5 ) [2437] => Array ( [objectID] => 6421 [title] => The Second Execution of Romell Broom [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-second-execution-of-romell-broom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On September 15, 2009, the State of Ohio tried to execute Romell Broom and failed. Ohio claims it has a right to try again. This film explores the legal and moral questions surrounding this unique case. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.the-second-execution-of-romell-broom.com/english/film_01.html ) [2438] => Array ( [objectID] => 6422 [title] => Death Watch Diary [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-watch-diary/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Robert Towery was denied clemency by the state of Arizona on Friday March 2, 2012 and was executed on Thursday March 8th in Florence, Arizona. He was 47 years old. The last 35 days of his life, Robert was placed on “Death Watch” where his every move was recorded and chronicled by prison officials. Robert kept a diary and he sent his writings to his attorneys. Robert authorized his lawyers to release his diary after his execution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/dp/B007JD3LUM ) [2439] => Array ( [objectID] => 6423 [title] => Anatomy of Injustice: A Murder Case Gone Wrong [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/anatomy-of-injustice-a-murder-case-gone-wrong/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The book that helped free an innocent man who had spent twenty-seven years on death row. In January 1982, an elderly white widow was found brutally murdered in the small town of Greenwood, South Carolina. Police immediately arrested Edward Lee Elmore, a semiliterate, mentally retarded black man with no previous felony record. His only connection to the victim was having cleaned her gutters and windows, but barely ninety days after the victim’s body was found, he was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Anatomy-Injustice-Murder-Case-Wrong/dp/0307700216 ) [2440] => Array ( [objectID] => 6424 [title] => Executions, Imprisonment and Crime in Trinidad and Tobago [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executions-imprisonment-and-crime-in-trinidad-and-tobago/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A study of the impact of capital punishment in the Caribbean republic is of particular interest because of its high level of death-penalty sentencing. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://bjc.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/09/20/bjc.azr072 ) [2441] => Array ( [objectID] => 6425 [title] => Beyond the Death Penalty: Reflections on Punishment (Maastricht Series in Human Rights) [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/beyond-the-death-penalty-reflections-on-punishment-maastricht-series-in-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book contains a selection of papers that were presented during the multidisciplinary conference "Beyond the Death Penalty: Reflections on Punishment," organized by the Maastricht Center for Human Rights. The aim of the conference was to reflect on punishment from a variety of angles and to give some food for thought to the contemporary debate on crime and punishment. After a first cluster of chapters with a strong focus on capital punishment, an intriguing mixture of topics in relation to punishment is presented, including chapters on the populist context of contemporary crime control, reconciliation and rehabilitation, prison life, and efficiency and effectiveness. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Beyond-Death-Penalty-Reflections-Punishment/dp/1780680600 ) [2442] => Array ( [objectID] => 6433 [title] => Ratification of protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ratification-of-protocol-no-13-to-the-convention-for-the-protection-of-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms-concerning-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-all-circumstances/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Status of the ratification of the Protocol 13 ECHR [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?CL=ENG&CM=&NT=187&DF=&VL= ) [2443] => Array ( [objectID] => 6436 [title] => Human rights, capital punishment and the Commonwealth: still behind the curve [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-capital-punishment-and-the-commonwealth-still-behind-the-curve/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this Opinion, Professor Schabas argues that the Commonwealth is behind the curve of the international trend towards the abolition of the death penalty. He analyses the status and use of capital punishment in Commonwealth countries, as compared to all UN member states more broadly. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.commonwealthadvisorybureau.org/fileadmin/CPSU/documents/Publications/Opinion_Jan12.pdf ) [2444] => Array ( [objectID] => 6439 [title] => Evaluating fairness and accuracy in state death penalty systems: The Missouri Death Penalty Assessment Report [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/evaluating-fairness-and-accuracy-in-state-death-penalty-systems-the-missouri-death-penalty-assessment-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study reflect on the aspects of fairness and accuracy as foundation of the American criminal justice system. As the Supreme Court of the United States has recognized, these goals are particularly important in cases in which the death penalty is sought. A system cannot claim to provide due process or protect the innocent unless it offers a fair and accurate system for every person who faces the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/death_penalty_moratorium/executive_summary_missouri_assessment_report.authcheckdam.pdf ) [2445] => Array ( [objectID] => 6440 [title] => Criminology: racial discrimination in the administration of the death penalty: the experience of the united states armed forces (1984–2005) [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/criminology-racial-discrimination-in-the-administration-of-the-death-penalty-the-experience-of-the-united-states-armed-forces-1984-2005/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Article presents evidence of racial discrimination in the administration of the death penalty in the United States Armed Forces from 1984 through 2005. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://news.msu.edu/media/documents/2012/02/2c51f6cc-83d0-40ab-9843-dbe409014438.pdf ) [2446] => Array ( [objectID] => 6441 [title] => The death penalty worldwide: 2012 report [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-worldwide-2012-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Hands Off Cain’s 2012 Report, edited by Reality Book, presents the most important facts regarding the practice of the death penalty in 2011 and in the first six months of 2012. Data shows that China, Iran and Saudi Arabia were the top three “Executioner-Countries” in the world in 2011, while also demonstrating a positive evolution towards the abolition of the death penalty which has been developing worldwide during recent years. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.west-info.eu/files/Press-Pack-2012-DEF.pdf ) [2447] => Array ( [objectID] => 6442 [title] => Death sentences and executions in 2011 [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Developments on the use of the death penalty in 2011 confirmed the global trend towards abolition. The number of countries that were known to have carried out death sentences decreased compared to the previous year, and overall, progress was recorded in all regions of the world. In this report, Amnesty International analyses some of the key developments in the worldwide application of the death penalty, citing figures it has gathered on the number of death sentences handed down and executions carried out during the year. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2012/en/241a8301-05b4-41c0-bfd9-2fe72899cda4/act500012012en.pdf ) [2448] => Array ( [objectID] => 6443 [title] => Kit for Cities Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/kit-for-cities-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/KitCitiesForLife2012-EN-1.doc ) [2449] => Array ( [objectID] => 6445 [title] => Leaflet Cities Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-cities-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/LeafletCitiesForLife-EN-1.pdf ) [2450] => Array ( [objectID] => 6448 [title] => The Death Penalty in the Inter-American Human Rights System: From Restrictions to Abolition [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-inter-american-human-rights-system-from-restrictions-to-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report takes into account the standards developed within the Inter-American human rights system to restrict the application of the death penalty over the last 15 year. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/docs/pdf/deathpenalty.pdf ) [2451] => Array ( [objectID] => 6449 [title] => Detailed Fact Sheet: Progress Made in 10 years and Challenges Ahead [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-fact-sheet-progress-made-in-10-years-and-challenges-ahead/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Fact Sheet details the progress made in the past 10 years and challenges ahead, stressing the fact that Death Sentences and Executions Have Decreased, there is a Growing Use of a Moratorium, a Growing Restrictions on the Scope of the Death Penalty: Elimination of Mandatory Death Sentences, Growing Restrictions on the Scope of the Death Penalty, Growing Support for the UN General Assembly Resolutions Calling for a Moratorium, Increasing Ratifications of the Protocols to Abolish the Death Penalty, Growing International Statements and a Growing Abolitionist Movement. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_FactSheet2012WD-1.pdf ) [2452] => Array ( [objectID] => 6451 [title] => Mobilisation Kit 2012 [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilisation-kit-2012/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This mobilisation kit for the 2012 World Day suggests activities and gives advice to hold successful World Day events. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-KitMobilisationWD2012-1.pdf ) [2453] => Array ( [objectID] => 6495 [title] => Cruel and Unusual: The American Death Penalty and the Founders’ Eighth Amendment [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/cruel-and-unusual-the-american-death-penalty-and-the-founders-eighth-amendment-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While shedding important new light on the U.S. Constitution's "cruel and unusual punishments" clause, Bessler explores the influence of Cesare Beccaria's essay, on Crimes and Punishments, on the Founders' views, and the transformative properties of the Fourteenth Amendment, which made the Bill of Rights applicable to the states. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Cruel-Unusual-American-Founders-Amendment/dp/1555537162/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1323357946&sr=8-1 ) [2454] => Array ( [objectID] => 6642 [title] => Compensating the Wrongfully Convicted [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/compensating-the-wrongfully-convicted/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Those proven to have been wrongfully convicted through postconviction DNA testing spend, on average, 12 years behind bars. The agony of prison life and the complete loss of freedom are only compounded by the feelings of what might have been, but for the wrongful conviction. Deprived for years of family and friends and the ability to establish oneself professionally, the nightmare does not end upon release. With no money, housing, transportation, health services or insurance, and a criminal record that is rarely cleared despite innocence, the punishment lingers long after innocence has been proven. States have a responsibility to restore the lives of the wrongfully convicted to the best of their abilities. This document describes how a state can try to recompensate an exonerated person. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.innocenceproject.org/Content/309PRINT.php ) [2455] => Array ( [objectID] => 6660 [title] => Amnesty International Death Penalty Awareness Weeks guide [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/amnesty-international-death-penalty-awareness-weeks-guide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is a guide for preparing events against the death penalty. It includes a "How to" guide for holding different types of events. It also provides a short factsheet on death penalty information in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://fr.scribd.com/doc/190033286/Amnesty-International-Death-Penalty-Awareness-Weeks-guide ) [2456] => Array ( [objectID] => 6678 [title] => Summaries of Key Supreme Court Cases Related to the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/summaries-of-key-supreme-court-cases-related-to-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Summary of key supreme court cases in the United States, these cases deal with juror problems, the constitutionality of the death penalty and juveniles amongst key cases discussed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/resources/casesummaries ) [2457] => Array ( [objectID] => 6682 [title] => Iran must halt execution of web programmer [timestamp] => 1325376000 [date] => 01/01/2012 [annee] => 2012 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iran-must-halt-execution-of-web-programmer/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Saeed Malekpour was sentenced to death in December 2010 following what appears to have been an unfair trial, without access to his lawyer, and amid allegations that he was tortured and forced to confess to crimes which he did not commit. Iran must not execute this web programmer sentenced to death after one of his web programs was used to post pornographic images without his knowledge, Amnesty International said today, as the Iranian authorities continue their crackdown on bloggers and other users of the internet. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/iran-must-halt-execution-web-programmer-2012-01-19 ) [2458] => Array ( [objectID] => 4695 [title] => A challenge to the abolitionist movement [timestamp] => 1323993600 [date] => 16/12/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-challenge-to-the-abolitionist-movement/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3db790b500fa8edb2646b3fb93bdff88_2-500x351.jpg [extrait] => Over the last few decades, we have made great strides toward the universal abolition of the death penalty. Nevertheless, despite the progress we have made, the death penalty remains entrenched in a significant number of states. And even in those nations that have refrained from carrying out executions in a sort of de facto moratorium, […] [texte] => Over the last few decades, we have made great strides toward the universal abolition of the death penalty. Nevertheless, despite the progress we have made, the death penalty remains entrenched in a significant number of states. And even in those nations that have refrained from carrying out executions in a sort of de facto moratorium, courts continue to sentence vast numbers of individuals to death. In this rather lengthy blog, I’d like to address what I see as the limitations of international law and the shortcomings of the international abolitionist movement in the face of these challenges. I should hasten to add that I am a steadfast believer in the potential for international law to influence the behavior of states that retain the death penalty. Nevertheless, there is a significant gap between existing international norms with regard to the death penalty, and the actual practice of states ostensibly bound by those norms.First, there is an enforcement gap. The Achilles heel of the international legal regime is the lack of an adequate enforcement mechanism to ensure that nations live up to their international legal commitments. Our ability to enforce international human rights obligations in many parts of the world depends on the willingness of nations to adhere to their international obligations in good faith, as well as their self-interest in maintaining good relations with other actors in the international community. But the threat of international opprobrium is often an insufficient incentive for powerful nations such as the United States or China. A good case in point is the United States’ refusal to comply with the Avena judgment of the International Court of Justice, in which the ICJ held that the United States had violated its obligations under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations in the cases of 51 Mexican nationals on death row in the U.S. As a remedy for those violations, the ICJ held that United States courts must review and reconsider the convictions and sentences of the Mexican nationals affected by the judgment in order to determine whether, and how, each was harmed by the violation of his consular rights. The judgment is unquestionably binding under the UN Charter, the ICJ Statute, and the Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. But although both Republican and Democratic presidents have sought to enforce the ruling, they have been thwarted by the U.S. Supreme Court, which held in 2008 that the Avena judgment was not automatically enforceable in domestic courts in the absence of legislation. That means that if the U.S. is to comply with Avena, Congress must pass legislation to implement the judgment. The problem is that Congress is a political body, and conservative, anti-internationalist politicians have little interest in passing a law that enforces an international judgment benefitting foreign nationals who were convicted of heinous murders. Unsurprisingly, Congress has failed to enact legislation, and as a result two Mexican nationals—José Medellín and Humberto Leal García—have been executed in violation of the ICJ’s judgment.Second, there is an information gap. The information gap leads to mistaken assumptions about the extent of the progress we are making on the ground toward worldwide abolition. I’ll give you two examples. The first pertains to the abolition of the death penalty for individuals with mental retardation. In 2002, the European Union filed an amicus curiae brief in the U.S. Supreme Court in support of Ernest McCarver, a mentally retarded man facing execution in Virginia. The EU argued that the United States was [quote] “one of the last remaining nations on the world” [end quote] executing mentally retarded persons. This argument was ultimately accepted by the Supreme Court, which concluded that the execution of individuals with intellectual disabilities constituted cruel and unusual punishment.While I believe that most nations do not intentionally execute individuals with mental retardation, we have little data to support or refute that assertion. The vast majority of retentionist states have no laws that prohibit the execution of individuals with mental disabilities. Although most have laws providing that offenders who suffer from severe forms of mental illness cannot be found criminally responsible for their acts – something that is commonly referred to as the “insanity defense”—they have no laws or regulations to ensure that individuals with mental disabilities are not executed. Moreover, there is no universally applicable definition of mental illness or mental retardation, and most retentionist states simply do not have the means to ascertain, with any degree of certainty, whether an individual suffers from a mental disability. In many parts of Africa, for example, trained mental health experts are exceedingly rare, so mental health assessments are frequently conducted by nurses or other staff who lack formal training.Another example is the abolition of the mandatory death penalty. While the abolitionist community has celebrated legal decisions striking down the mandatory death penalty, it has paid little attention to the implementation of those decisions. In Malawi, for example, the High Court struck down the mandatory death penalty in 2007. Yet, in the last four years, not a single man or woman who was given a mandatory death sentence has been granted a new sentencing hearing.A third liability of the international abolitionist movement arises from its focus on abolition at the expense of reform. It is understandable that the international community would seek the holy grail of abolition, particularly in countries that are moving quickly in that direction. But in many other states, abolition will take time. In those states, a single-minded focus on abolition often forecloses careful examination of systemic failures in the criminal justice system that could be effectively addressed through concerted international pressure.The most important of these systemic failures involves the lack of quality legal representation for individuals facing the death penalty. Inadequate legal representation, more than any other factor, is what determines who ends up on death row. The risk that innocent individuals will be condemned to death rises sharply in nations that have inadequate resources for legal aid. Yet in many retentionist states, individuals languish for years in pretrial detention without access to lawyers. Many of those accused of capital crimes will not meet their lawyers until the day their trial begins – too late to investigate and present evidence that could lead to their exoneration.The challenges that I’ve described today are difficult and complex. So how can they best be addressed? As a first step, the international community should adopt a new set of principles relating to the application of the death penalty. The UN Safeguards Guaranteeing Protection of the Rights of Those Facing the Death Penalty were adopted in 1984, and they are outdated and overly vague. We need to develop instruments that reinforce the limits on how the death penalty can be applied in practice. Second, donors must fund comprehensive studies on the implementation of the death penalty in countries around the world so that the abolitionist movement has the necessary data to make intelligent strategic decisions about reform efforts. Third, the international community should devote more resources to the development and training of legal aid lawyers around the world, because they are the first guardians of the rights of those facing the death penalty. Through these measures, we can drastically reduce the numbers of individuals who face execution around the world, and ultimately save the lives of countless prisoners. This is not to say that the abolitionist community should abandon their efforts to engage political leaders on the question of abolition. These strategies are complementary, not mutually exclusive. But we simply cannot ignore the 17,000 prisoners already on death rows, and the thousands who will ultimately face execution after trials that fall far short of international standards of due process. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Malawi [1] => Mexico [2] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Intellectual Disability [1] => Mental Illness [2] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2459] => Array ( [objectID] => 4696 [title] => Asia: Stop executions and unfair trials [timestamp] => 1323129600 [date] => 06/12/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/asia-stop-executions-and-unfair-trials/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/87e827849f1588f4b8bacbfc4c87eeca_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => A hard-line group of Asian countries are defying the global trend against the death penalty and putting to death thousands of people after unfair trials every year, the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) said today in a new report. [texte] => 14 Asian countries, taken together, execute more people than the rest of the world combined. When Justice Fails - Thousands executed after unfair trials highlights, through the cases of people on death row, the struggle to secure a fair trial in eight of these countries. "Only a small number of countries in Asia are still using the death penalty but their actions cast a shadow over the entire region, with high numbers of people being sentenced after unfair trials, causing innocent people to be executed," said Louise Vischer, Coordinator of the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN). The report calls for action for eight people facing execution in China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Pakistan. In each case a death sentence was delivered after an unfair trial, and in six of the cases conviction relied on confession extracted through torture. Over half of Asian countries have abolished the death penalty or have not carried out executions in the last 10 years. Taiwan, Thailand resumed executionsTaiwan restarted executions in 2010 after a four-year break, despite declaring a policy of gradual abolition in 2000. Thailand resumed executions in 2009, despite committing to abolishing the death penalty in its human rights action plan. In January 2011, Taiwan’s Ministry of Justice admitted that Chiang Kuo-ching, a private in the Air Force, had been executed in error in 1997 for a murder he did not commit. The authorities acknowledged that a statement “confessing” to the crime had been made as a result of torture.“Only abolition of the death penalty can guarantee that no innocent person is executed. Government apologies for execution ‘in error’ can never be enough,” said Hsinyi Lin, Executive Director the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP).Chiou Ho-shun is Taiwan’s longest detained criminal defendant in its longest running criminal case. Sentenced to death for murder in 1989, he has been detained for more than 23 years. His case was described by lawyers as “a stain on our country’s legal (history)”.Chiou’s case has been re-tried 11 times. He claims he was tortured into making a false confession. Taiwan’s High Court recognized that violence was used against Chiou but excluded from evidence sections of his interrogation tapes where the abuse could be heard. He lost his final appeal to the Supreme Court in August 2011 and could be executed at any time.Forced confessionsForced confessions are regularly relied upon as evidence during trials in Afghanistan, China, Japan, India and Indonesia despite laws against the practice. In India, Devender Pal Singh, currently on death row, claimed to the Supreme Court that his interrogators threatened to kill him and “manhandled” him to “sign several blank papers”. “That a person can be sentenced to death when there is virtually no evidence against them beyond a ‘confession’ is the ultimate indictment of a society’s justice system,” said Maiko Tagusari, Secretary-General of the Center for Prisoners' Rights Japan.Prisoners facing the death penalty in Asia often have little or no access to lawyers, either before or during trial.Japan’s daiyo kangoku system allows the police to detain and interrogate suspects without a lawyer for up to 23 days, on the assumption that a lawyer’s presence would make it hard to ‘persuade the suspect to tell the truth’. Chinese authorities can make it difficult for lawyers to meet with clients or access case files, and lawyers have been charged for introducing evidence that challenges the prosecution’s case.Under international law, the death penalty can only be imposed for intentional crimes with lethal consequences, and mandatory death sentences are prohibited. Yet some Asian countries impose the death penalty for non-lethal crimes, including drug trafficking and theft.Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, and North Korea are among Asian countries imposing a mandatory death penalty for possession of a certain amount of drugs. There are at least 55 capital offences in China, 28 in Pakistan, and 57 in Taiwan. “All Asian countries must work towards abolition of the death penalty. Only then can they demonstrate their true commitment to fairness and justice,” said Narendra, People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), India. To know more about the report and ADPAN, visit www.adpan.net [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2460] => Array ( [objectID] => 4698 [title] => International conference addresses Caribbean outlook on capital punishment [timestamp] => 1319587200 [date] => 26/10/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/international-conference-addresses-caribbean-outlook-on-capital-punishment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/f4b77e148b505db2822d130038c89285_2-500x294.png [extrait] => A two-day conference organised by the Community of Sant’Egidio on the death penalty in the Greater Caribbean took place in Madrid between 17-19 October, highlighting issues of rising crime and international influence in the region. [texte] => Despite executions in the Caribbean being a rarity and many of the 25 Caribbean countries being either de jure or de facto abolitionist, human rights activists and academics at the conference were quick to point out the urgent need to promote abolition.Kevin Miguel Rivera from the Puerto Rico Bar Association noted that “governments are trying to establish legislation to facilitate executions” and that “the Caribbean countries took a stance to weaken the motion on the moratorium” at the United Nations General Assembly in December 2010.Representing the UK-based Death Penalty Project, Saul Lehrfreund said: “There is a desire in a number of countries in the Caribbean to execute” and “the majority of countries in the English speaking Caribbean are thwarted executioners.”He was referring to recent failed government attempts to circumvent international judicial restrictions that have effectively halted further executions.Rising rates of violent crime and public opinionIn recent years the murder rates on a number of the islands have been escalating at an alarming rate and hindered progress towards constructive dialogue about abolition.Carmelo Campos Cruz from the Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty refuted capital punishment's supposed deterrent value, which is often put forth by retentionists. There is “no connection between the death penalty and the violent crime rate”, he saidSimilarly, the assumption that public opinion in the Caribbean overwhelmingly favours the death penalty was refuted by Arif Bulkan from the University of the West Indies in Barbados.Pointing to a report on public opinion on the mandatory death penalty in Trinidad, he remarked: “What this wonderful poll has done is to show us that... in the Caribbean support for the death penalty is not as unequivocal as conventional wisdom would have us believe.”According to Michael Radelet, from the University of Colorado, empirical research can and should be used to develop arguments against the death penalty in the Caribbean. He also see potential in giving voice to police chiefs, murder victims family members, wardens, and high profile figures as tools in the fight for abolition.Capital punishment was initially brought to the Caribbean by the old colonial powers of Spain, France, England and the Netherlands and abolition of the death penalty is now being sought by these same countries.Participants recognised this as a sensitive issue.“The better approach is to encourage local debate and local opinion that is informed by world standards rather than imposed and it is the change in the politics that will really effect the eventual abolition of the death penalty,” said Gregory Delzin, a lawyer from Trinidad & Tobago.There was a general consensus among the speakers that abolition in the region requires strengthened civil society to move the debate forward and help political leaders develop the courage and the tools to abolish the death penalty.To this end, the conference participants decided to develop the Caribbean Network Against the Death Penalty “to fasten the road to abolition”.Click here to access the conference website which contains recordings of the speeches made in Spanish and English, as well as a transcript of the conference's final declaration.Map: Kmusser [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Murder Victims' Families [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2461] => Array ( [objectID] => 4699 [title] => African countries discuss Rwandan example in abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1319241600 [date] => 22/10/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/african-countries-discuss-rwandan-example-in-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/0c9a6426dcf1fc9fac104e4343d87369_2-500x280.jpg [extrait] => Kigali hosted the Inter-African conference against the death penalty on 13 and 14 October. [texte] => The conference was held by the Rwandan government with Hands off Cain in collaboration with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty under the aegis of the African and European Unions.Representatives of about twenty African governments were present, as well as various exponents from the international community and many nongovernmental organizations.“In Rwanda in 1994, death was on every street corner, ” Justice Minister Tharcisse Karugarama reminisced during the opening ceremony. “The only hope was to survive until the next day. After the genocide we didn't have judges or prosecutors or police, yet we still achieved justice and not revenge: who would have done this better than us? It was an extraordinary experience, that today we are allowed to live in harmony. We have humbled death by not giving it the dignity of the law.”The president of the African Union Commission, Jean Ping of Gabon (photo, left), said: “This country, after having suffered so much, knew to arrive at forgiveness. Taking Gabon as an example, we could never have believed Rwanda would abolish the death penalty in turn.Ping added: “To protect life, the Rule of Law needs to be established and citizens must be educated about democracy. Today the African Union supports abolition or a moratorium in all its efforts.”Louis Michel, co-president of the ACP-EU parliamentary assembly, emphasised the fact that the country that had known absolute evil had decided to hold the abolitionist conference. “It is a struggle in all people against barbarism. Democracies that want to be defined as such are embarrassed by the continued use of this perverse institution,” he said in relation to capital punishment.Reconciling the end of impunity and the culture of forgivenessAldo Ajello, honorary president of Hands Off Cain, remembered the organization’s long fight as a part of the Radical Party. Ajello also emphasised the courageous act of processing those guilty of genocide without resorting to revenge, rather by reconciling the end of impunity and the culture of forgiveness.Rwandan President Paul Kagame (photo, right - video below) stressed on the importance of the right to life: “There was a time in our history when some Rwandans did not enjoy fundamental rights including the right to life. Over the years this denial culminated in the loss of more than one million people in the genocide of 1994,” he said.Kagame then spoke of the absolute ineffectiveness of the death penalty for dissuading criminals. “Our experience teaches us that abolition has contributed to harmony, because crime has decreased. We did not put those guilty of genocide to death, instead we preferred to break with the past, and we have never regretted this decision,” the Rwandan president concluded.The World Coalition was represented by its executive secretary Raphael Chenuil-Hazan (video below). He addressed the issue of the death penalty and public opinion by saying that in order to achieve abolition political courage must be coupled with education.Italian Parliamentarian and Hands Off Cain treasurer Elisabetta Zamparutti concluded the two-day conference and presented the Kigali resolution.The conference adopted the resolution unanimously, asking African countries to sign and support treaties and international resolutions on the death penalty and the moratorium on executions, with a commitment by governments to transpose their contents into each country’s legislation.Photo: Paul Kagame on Flickr [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gabon [1] => Rwanda [2] => Rwanda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2462] => Array ( [objectID] => 4700 [title] => The great abolitionist event comes to the UN [timestamp] => 1318809600 [date] => 17/10/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-great-abolitionist-event-comes-to-the-un/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/432ebb0d4b2f6084266e88e050f5da94_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => For the first time in nine years, the United Nations has participated in festivities marking the World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => The 9th World Day Against the Death Penalty was celebrated at the UN Palais des Nations in Geneva at a debate on international jurisprudence as regards the death penalty and cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment, bringing together ten experts from the UN and regional human rights organisations.The World Day also saw the transfer of the International Commission Against the Death Penalty from Madrid to Geneva with the official opening ceremony, a film/debate evening, business meetings and deliberations about the death penalty by experts.The death penalty as a cruel, inhuman and degrading treatmentFederico Mayor Zaragoza, Chairman of the International Commission Against the Death Penalty and former Director General of UNESCO, introduced the session by declaring that the death penalty was “the ultimate denial of human rights” because it violates both the right to life and the right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment and treatment.Sylvie Kayitesi Zaïnabo, Chair of the Death Penalty Working Group at the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, spoke of the role of judges in the evolution of African jurisprudence: “Through legal decisions, we have noted an abolitionist trend which began in South Africa in 1995 and has been slowly followed by Malawi and Kenya”.Methods of execution and the rule of “least possible sufferance”Zaved Mahmoud, from the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, recalled the various recommendations of the UN Human Rights Committee, which reduced the field of possible execution methods, and the conclusion of the Special Rapporteur Against Torture in 2009: “If the amputation of limbs is considered to be a cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment, how can decapitation be considered otherwise? If even comparatively lenient forms of corporal punishment, such as ten strikes of the cane on the buttocks, are absolutely forbidden in international human rights law, how can hanging, the electric chair, firing squads and other forms of capital punishment still be justified in the same provisions?”Anna Austin, Division Chief of the European Court of Human Rights, returned to the history of decisions made by the European Court which, in 2010, reached the conclusion that the death penalty was in itself inhuman, whatever the method of execution.The Court went so far as to consider that the mear imposition and even the fear that the death penalty might be imposed constituted inhuman treatment.Conditions of detention and the phenomenon of death rowElizabeth Abi Mershed, the Deputy Executive Secretary of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, raised the evolution of the American system since the 1990s. She emphasised the importance of interaction between international, regional and national instances. The Inter-American Court has, for example, made use of African jurisprudence, decisions of the British Privy Council and the European Court.The death penalty is not prohibited in the American Convention on Human Rights but jurisprudence going back fifteen years has considerably restricted its application through the violation of other rights such as extradition, consular rights and the rights of a child in order to move towards gradual abolition. However, the Convention prohibits reintroduction of this punishment by a State which is already abolitionist.Luis Gallegos and Alessio Bruni, members of the Committee Against Torture, returned to the definition of torture with regard to Article 1 of the Convention Against Torture which excludes the death penalty. They explained that, according to the Committee, the death penalty constituted a cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment as per Article 16 of the Convention.Christof Heyns, Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, arbitrary and summary executions, concluded the debate by declaring that the concept of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment was subject to interpretation and depended on the context. The evolution of international jurisprudence over fifteen years had created a momentum which has put into motion the way of thinking about the death penalty in international law.The legal field for application of the death penalty in a way in which human rights are not violated is shrinking away to nothing and soon there will be no more legal justification for tolerating this inhuman punishment.The event was organised by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty with the support of the Permanent Missions of Belgium and Chile to the UN in Geneva. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2463] => Array ( [objectID] => 4701 [title] => The death penalty and the situation in Africa debated in Kinshasa [timestamp] => 1318809600 [date] => 17/10/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-death-penalty-and-the-situation-in-africa-debated-in-kinshasa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/1120a99f6f134c352dc300004b8698f9_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => A debate led by members of the World Coalition in the Democratic Republic of Congo discussed international law, local sensitivities and abolition. [texte] => The Congolese NGO Culture pour la Paix et la Justice (CPJ), a member of the World Coalition, organised a conference and debate on 10th October on “the impact of abolition of the death penalty on the process to adopt a law to implement the Rome Statute in the DRC” with help from the French embassy in Kinshasa.The latest developments as regards abolition in the DRC actually occurred during the debate about the new law which should bring Congolese legislation into line with the treaty establishing the International Criminal Court which does not apply the death penalty. It is in this area that Congolese abolitionists have been most active over the last few months. One, the politician and Professor of Law, Nyabirungu Mwene Songa, defended a draft law for abolition during the debate.The National Assembly rejected this draft law in November 2010.The Minister for Justice, Luzolo Bambi, attended the conference on 10th October and reaffirmed that the position of the Congolese government was “progressive abolition of the death penalty”. However, he considered that renovation of the country’s prisons was a precondition to replacing capital punishment with prison sentences.No “copy & paste” of Western cultureProfessor Nyabirungu responded that abolition was a question of principle which did not require preconditions and that the necessary renovation of prisons could be included in the country’s reconstruction program which is already underway. “If we can build 12-lane roads, we can surely build prisons with four walls”, he said.The debate, attended by students, lawyers, journalists and human rights activists, discussed the appropriateness of abolition in an African country such as the DRC.In response to a member of the audience who considered that abolition was “copying & pasting” Western culture without taking African reality into account, Mr Marcel Wetch’Okonda from the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty declared that “the reality is that there are many judicial errors in this country. We are also obliged to respect our international commitments. And we are unable to extradite Nkunda”.He was referring to the rebel leader arrested in Rwanda, a signatory of the UN Protocol against the death penalty which prohibits the extradition of a suspect to a country which applies the death penalty.Mr Liévin Ngondji, President of CPJ, added that traditional Congolese customs did not support capital punishment either. “Among our ancestors, those who had killed were banished, not executed”, he recalled. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2464] => Array ( [objectID] => 25444 [title] => Detailed Factsheet [timestamp] => 1318204800 [date] => 10/10/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed Factsheet 2019 [texte] => !!!!!!International!Jurisprudence!on!the!Death!Penalty!and!the!Prohibition!of!Torture!and!other!Ill8treatment*!![1]!Death!Penalty!as!Inhuman!and!Degrading!Treatment!and!Punishment!Special! Rapporteur! on! Torture! and! Other! Cruel,!Inhuman!or!Degrading!Treatment!or!Punishment!In! his! 2009! report! to! the! Human! Rights! Council,! the!Special!Rapporteur!Manfred!Nowak!addressed!capital!punishment!as!a!form!of!cruel,!inhuman!or!degrading!punishment! and! stated! that! “the! use! of! the! death!penalty!does!not!constitute!a!violation!of!the!right!to!life”! but! this! conclusion! does! “not! provide! a! legal!response! to! the! question! […]! whether! capital!punishment! is! to! be! considered! cruel,! inhuman! or!degrading!punishment.”1!He! further! states! “if# the# amputation# of# limbs# is#considered# cruel,# inhuman# or# degrading# punishment,#how# can# beheading# then# be# qualified# differently?# If#even# comparatively# lenient# forms# of# corporal#punishment,# such# as# 10# strokes# on# the# buttocks,# are#absolutely# prohibited# under# international# human#rights# law,# how# can# hanging,# the# electric# chair,#execution#by#a#firing#squad#and#other#forms#of#capital#punishment# ever# be# justified# under# the# very# same#provisions?”2!Based! on! these! considerations! he! concludes! that!cruel,! inhuman! and! degrading! treatment! and!punishment! should! be! interpreted! “in! light! of! the!presentLday! understanding! of! these! words! by!*An!earlier!version!of!this!document!was!prepared!by!Ann!G.!Fort,!Stacy! D.! Fredrich,! Robert! J.! Howell,! and! Heather! R.! Winter! of!Sutherland! Asbill! &! Brennan! LLP! law! firm! at! the! request! of! the!Advocates!for!Human!Rights.!Additional!information!was!provided!by!the!International!Commission!of!Jurists.!Both!organizations!are!members!of!the!World!Coalition!Against!the!Death!Penalty.!1! Promotion! and! Protection! of! All! Human! Rights,! Civil,! Political!Economic,! Social! And! Cultural! Rights,! Including! the! Right! to!Development,! Report! of! the! Special! Rapporteur! on! torture! and!other! cruel,! inhuman! or! degrading! treatment! or! punsihment,! UN!Doc.!A/HRC/10/44,!14!January!2009,!para.!33.!2!Id!para.!38.!Governments! around! the! world”.! He! adds! that!“human# rights# are# a# rapidly# developing# concept# and#most# international# and# regional# treaty# monitoring#bodies#apply#a#dynamic#interpretation#of#human#rights#treaty#law.”3!In! 2012! the! Special! Rapporteur! Juan! Mendez!published!a!thematic!report!on!the!death!penalty!and!the! prohibition! of! torture! and! cruel,! inhuman! and!degrading! treatment.! He! concluded! that! “there# is# an#evolving# standard# whereby# States# and# jurisdiciaries#consider# the# death# penalty# to# be# a# violation# per# se# of#the# prohibition# of# torture# or# cruel,# inhuman# or#degrading#treatment.”4!!European!Court!of!Human!Rights!In! the! case! of! AlDSaadoon# and# Mufdhi# v.# The# United#Kingdom,! where! the! Court! ruled! that! the! United!Kingdom! breached! Article! 3! by! sending! two! Iraqi!citizens! back! to! Iraq,! it! held! that! the! death! penalty,!which! involved! the! “deliberate# and# premeditated#destruction# of# a# human# being# by# the# State# authorities#causing# physical# pain# and# intense# psychological#suffering#as#a#result#of#the#foreknowledge#of#the#death,#could# be# considered# inhuman# and# degrading,# and#contrary#to#Article#3.”5!!Consequently,! the! risk! of! being! sentenced! to! death!also! constitutes! a! violation! of! the! prohibition! of!torture! and! other! illLtreatment.! In! the! case! of! A.L.#(X.W.)#v.#Russia,!the!Court!found!the!forcible!return!of!a! man! to! China! where! he! would! risk! of! being!convicted!to!death!incompatible!with!Article!3!of!the!Convention.! The! Court! reasoned! that! “capital#punishment# has# become# an# unacceptable# form# of#3!Id!para.!34.!4! Interim! Report! of! the! Special! Rapporteur! on! Torture! and! Other!Cruel,!Inhuman!or!Degradign!Treatment!or!Punishmnet,!UN!Doc.!9!August!2012,!para.!72.!5!AlDSaadoon#and#Mufdhi#v.#The#United#Kingdom,#App.!No.!61498/08!(2010),!para.!13.!- 2 -punishment* that* is* no* longer* permissible* [...]* it*amounts* to* “inhuman* or* degrading* treatment* or*punishment”* under* Article* 3”.# The# Court# further#provided# that# this# interpretation# “applies* fully* to*Russia,* [and]* Russia* is* therefore* bound* by* an*obligation* that* stems* from* Articles* 2* and* 3* not* to*extradite* or* deport* an* individual* to* another* State*where*there*exist*substantial*grounds*for*believing*that*he* or* she* would* face* a* real* risk* of* being* subjected* to*the*death*penalty*there.”6##African( Commission( on( Human( and( Peoples’(Rights(#In# its# 2015# General# Comment# No.# 3# on# the# African#Charter#on#Human#and#People’s#Rights#on#the#Right#to#Life# (Article# 4),# the# African# Commission#acknowledged# a# connection# between# inhuman# and#degrading# punishment# and# the# death# penalty# by#holding#that#“[t]he*vast*majority*of*African*States*have*now*abolished*the*death*penalty*in*law*or*in*practice.*International* law* requires* those* States* that* have* not*yet* abolished* the* death* penalty* to* take* steps* towards*its*abolition*in*order*to*secure*the*rights*to*life*and*to*dignity,*in*addition*to*other!rights*such*as*the*right*to*be*free*from*torture,*and*cruel,*inhuman*or*degrading*treatment.”7##[2](Methods(of(Execution(Human(Rights(Committee(The# United# Nations# Human# Rights# Committee# held#that# “particularly* abhorrent”8# methods# of# execution#and# methods# of# execution# that# involve# unnecessary#physical#and#mental#suffering9#are#cruel#punishments#and#violate#Article#7#of#the#International#Covenant#of#Civil#and#Political#Rights.###When# the# death# penalty# is# imposed,# General#Comment#20#of#the#Committee#requires#it#be#carried#out# in# a# manner# to# cause# “the* least* possible* physical*and* mental* suffering.”10# For# example,# the# Committee#has# found# that# execution# by# gas# asphyxiation(“constitutes* cruel* and* inhuman* treatment.”11# The#Human# Rights# Committee# further# found# that# the# act#of# performing# an# execution# in# public# constitutes# in#human#or#degrading#treatment.12#(6#A.L.#(X.W.)#v.#Russia,#App.#No.#44095/14#(2015),#para.#64.#7# General# Comment# No.# 3# on# the# African# Charter# on# Human# and#Peoples’# Rights:# The# Right# to# Life# (Article# 4),# 18# November# 2015,#para.#22.#8#Kindler*v.*Canada,#Com.#No.#470/1991#(1993),#para.#15.3.#9#General#Comment#No.#20,#UN#Doc.#CCPR/C/21/Add.3,#para.#6.#10#Id.#para.#6.#11#Ng*v.*Canada,#Com.#No.#469/1991,#(1994),#para.#16.4.#12#Concluding#Observations#on#the#Islamic#Republic#of#Iran,#UN#Doc.#CCPR/C/79/Add.25,#para.#8.#European(Court(of(Human(Rights(In#AlJSaadoon*and*Mufdhi*v.*The*United*Kingdom,#the#Court# found# that# the# method# of# execution# itself# may#also# violate# Article# 3.# Specifically,# hanging# “was* an*ineffectual* and* extremely* painful* method* of* killing,*such* as* to* amount* to* inhuman* and* degrading*treatment.”13#The#Court#explicitly#held#that#“whatever*the* method* of* execution,# the* extinction* of* life* involves*some* physical* pain,* as* well* as* intense* psychological*suffering*deriving*from*the*foreknowledge*of*death.”14([3](Death(Row(Conditions(Human(Rights(Committee(The# Human# Rights# Committee# established# that# ill^treatment# suffered# by# prisoners# on# death# row# at# the#hands#of#warders#and#other#death#row#personnel#can#constitute#cruel,#inhuman,#and#degrading#treatment.###For#instance,#such#ill^treatment#may#include:#- unjustified#delay#in#informing#a#prisoner#of#a#stay#of#execution#and#removing#him#from#the#death#cell;15#- taunts#over#impending#execution;16##- mock#executions#of#a#death#row#prisoner;17#- imposing# a# death# sentence# after# an# unfair#trial# that# does# not# meet# the# Article# 13#requirements;18#- putting#a#minor#on#death#row;19#- issuing# a# death# warrant# to# a# mentally# ill#person;20#- making#a#detainee#believe#his#death#sentence#was# commuted# but# later# returning# him# to#death#row.21##According# to# the# jurisprudence# of# the# Human# Rights#Committee,# the# “death# row# phenomenon”# can#constitute#cruel,#inhuman#and#degrading#treatment#if#prolonged#delays#in#the#execution#of#the#sentence#can#be# imputed# to# States’# faulty# procedures22# and# result#in# the# serious# deterioration# of# prisoner’s# mental#condition# as# a# consequence# of# psychological# tension#suffered# during# prolonged# detention# on# death# row#without#appropriate#medical#treatment.23#13# AlJSaadoon* and* Mufdhi* v.* The* United* Kingdom,* App.# No.#61498/08#(2010),#para.#99.#14#Id.#para.#115.#15#Pratt*and*Morgan*v.*Jamaica,#Com.#No.#210/1986#and#225/1897#(1989),#para.#13.7.#16#Hylton*v.*Jamaica,#Com.#No.#407/1990#(1994),#para.#9.3.#17#Linton*v.*Jamaica,#Com.#No.#255/1987#(1992),#para.#8.5.#18# Larranaga* v.* the* Philippines,# Com.# No.# 1421/2005# (2006),# para.#7.1.#19#Clive*Johnson*v.*Jamaica,#Com.#No.#592/1994#(1998),#para.#12.#20#R.S*v.*Trinidad*and*Tobago,#Com.#No.#684/1996#(2002),#para.#7.2.#21*Chisanga*v.*Zambia,#Com.#No.#1132/2002#(2005),#para.#7.3.#22#Francis*v.*Jamaica,#Com.#No.#606/1994#(1995),#para.#9.2.#23#Williams*v.*Jamaica,#Com.#No.#609/1995#(1997),#para.#6.5.#- 3 -Committee(against(Torture(The# Committee# against# Torture# found#overcrowding,24#solitary#confinement#and#isolation25,#the#secrecy#surrounding#the#execution,#the#execution#of#mentally^ill#detainees,26#and#the#excessive#length#of#time# on# death# row27# to# be# incompatible# with# the#Convention#against#Torture.##Special( Rapporteur( on( Torture( and( Other( Cruel,(Inhuman(or(Degrading(Treatment(or(Punishment(In#the#country^visit# report# on# Mongolia,#for#instance,#the# Special# Rapporteur# determined# that* keeping#prisoners# on# death# row# in# complete# isolation,#continuously# handcuffed# and# shackled# throughout#their# detention,# and# without# adequate# food#“constitute[d]* addit [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Fiche-detaillee-JM2011-EN.pdf ) [2465] => Array ( [objectID] => 25453 [title] => Educational guide: teaching abolition [timestamp] => 1318204800 [date] => 10/10/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/educational-guide-teaching-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2009, the World Day Against the Death Penalty wasdedicated to the theme “Teaching Abolition”. The WorldCoalition developed a teaching guide to be used inschools throughout the world [texte] => EDUCATIONAL GUIDETEACHING ABOLITIONwww.worldcoalition.orgW O R L DCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYThis Handbook is a campaign material producedunder the supervision of the Executive Secretariatof the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty:First EditionAuthors:Hélène Labbouz (World Coalition),Cécile Marcel (Acat-France), Aurélie Plaçais (WorldCoalition), Guillaume Parent (World Coalition),Elizabeth Zitrin (Death Penalty Focus)Revision: Francis Barbe (FSU SNUIPP),Florence Belivier (FIDH), Elisabeth Zitrin (DPF)Revision:Francis Barbe (FSU SNUIPP),Florence Belivier (FIDH),Elisabeth Zitrin (DPF)Translations:English - Morag Young,Chinese (simplified and traditional) – Taiwan Allianceto End the Death Penalty,Spanish - ACAT EspagneItalian - Angelo Passaleva (Tuscany regionalgovernment)Illustrations:Annie DesmoutiezMock-up and design:Olivier Dechaud (ECPM),Taiwan Alliance to End the Death PenalSecond EditionAuthors:Emile Carreau (World Coalition), Jessica Corredor(World Coalition), Aurélie Plaçais (World Coalition)Revision:Claude Guillaumaud (Le Collectif Unitaire National desoutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal), Susannah Sheffer(Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights),Guillaume Colin (Fédération Internationale del'Action des Chrétiens pour l’Abolition de la Torture),Cécile Marcel (ACAT France), Maria Donatelli (WorldCoalition)Translations:French –Jessica CorredorMock-up and design:Olivier Dechaud (ECPM)The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) brings together over 120 NGOs, barassociations, trade unions and public bodies that are active across the world in support of abolition of thedeath penalty. It was created in 2002 to reinforce the international dimension of the fight against the deathpenalty.The World Coalition endeavors to strengthen, lead and coordinate international action (particularlylobbying), bring together new abolitionists and increase its influence in countries where capital punishmentstill exists as part of national legislation. It helps create national and regional coalitions and organizeworldwide events.In 2003, the WCADP made October 10th the World Day Against the Death Penalty.Educational GuideTeaching AbolitionFor teachersof studentsaged 14 to 18May 2011World CoalitionAgainst the Death PenaltyECPM,3 rue Paul Vaillant Couturier92320 Chatillon, FranceTél. : + 33 1 57 63 09 37contact@worldcoalition.orgwww.worldcoalition.orgThe content of this documentare the sole responsibilityof the World CoalitionAgainst the Death PenaltyWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgWorld Coalition Against the Deaht Penalty[ Educational Guide – Teaching Abolition ]4[ Foreword to the 1st edition: Teaching Abolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5The World Day Against the Death Penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6On the 20th November 2009 the Convention on the Rightsof the Child Celebrated Its 20th Birthday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6How to Use this Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6[ A ]The Death Penalty Myths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7[ Activity A1 ] Vengeance and Retaliation – Class Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8[ Activity A2 ] The Death Penalty and the Deterrence Argument – Role Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10[ Activity A3 ] Victims’ Family Members and the Death Penalty:Assumptions and Reality - Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12[ B ]The Death Penalty and Human Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14[ Activity B1 ] Torture and the Death Penalty – Class Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15[ Activity B2 ] The Death Penalty and Discrimination – Class Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18[ Activity B3 ] The Death Penalty Applied to Juveniles – Class Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20[ Activity B4 ] The Death Penalty Applied to the Mentally Ill and thosewith Mental Retardation – Class Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22[ Activity B5 ] The Death Penalty and International Law: Moratorium 2011 – Role Play . . . . .24Resources for the Moratorium role play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26[ C ]Human Dignity (physical conditions of detention methods of execution, etc.) . . . . . . .28[ Activity C1 ] Physical and Routine Conditions on Death Row –Simulation and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29[ Activity C2 ] Methods of execution – Class Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31[ D ]Innocence and the Death Penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32[ Activity D1 ] Exonerees – Role Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33[ E ]The Cost of the Death Penalty (special case of the United States) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35[ Activity E1 ] The Cost of the Death Penalty in the United States -Quiz and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Concluding Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Death Penalty in the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39[ Contents ]World Coalition Against the Deaht Penalty[ Educational Guide – Teaching Abolition ]5Every year the world takes another step towards uni-versal abolition.In 2008 two new countries abolished the death penaltyfor all crimes (Argentina and Uzbekistan). Burundi abol-ished the death penalty on 22 April 2009 and Togo on23 June 2009. As of June 2009, 139 countries are partof the international abolitionist family. Since 1990 morethan 55 countries have abolished capital punishment.Progress in the future will mainly depend on the educa-tion provided to children, our future citizens, politicians,accused, judges and lawyers. The world’s future is intheir hands and it will be up to each and every one ofthem as adults to join the abolitionist family.The members of the World Coalition would like pupilsand students to understand the state of the world theyare living in: the severity, and sometimes cruelty, but alsothe beauty of the human rights ideal. Our aim is for themto acquire essential knowledge and understand why thedeath penalty is an attack on basic rights.This manual is aimed particularly at teachers of studentsaged 14 to 18, wherever they are in the world. It sug-gests activities in anticipation of the celebrations on 10thOctober, covering the arguments which support the abo-litionist movement.Why fight for the Global Abolition of the Death Penalty?The death penalty is irrevocable: no justice systemis safe from judicial errors and innocent people are likelyto be executed.The death penalty is inefficient: it has never beenshown to deter crimes more effectively than other pun-ishments.[ Foreword to the 1st edition ]Teaching AbolitionThe death penalty is unfair: the death penalty is dis-criminatory and is often used disproportionately againstthe poor, the mentally ill, those discriminated againstfor reasons of sexual orientation, or from racial, eth-nic and religious minorities.The death penalty is a cruel, inhuman, and degrad-ing punishment: waiting on death row inflictsextreme psychological suffering and execution is aphysical and mental assault.The death penalty is frequently applied overwhelm-ingly in violation of international standards: itbreaches the principles of the 1948 UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights, which states that every-one has the right to life and that no one shall be sub-jected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treat-ment or punishment. It is also in contradiction with theinternational trend towards abolition recognized by avote at the United Nations' General Assembly callingfor the establishment of a universal moratorium on theus [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => file:///C:/Users/Ordi/Downloads/Guide%20p%C3%A9dagogique-JM2011-EN.pdf ) [2466] => Array ( [objectID] => 25051 [title] => Poster 2011 [timestamp] => 1318204800 [date] => 10/10/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster 2011 [texte] => THE INHUMANITY OF THE DEATH PENALTYOCTOBER 10 TH2011WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYWORLDCOALITIONA G A I N S T T H E D E AT H P E N A LT Ywww.worldcoalition.org [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning [1] => World Coalition ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Affiche-JM2011-EN.pdf ) [2467] => Array ( [objectID] => 25425 [title] => Facts and Figures 2011 [timestamp] => 1318204800 [date] => 10/10/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facts and Figures 2011 [texte] => [1] ABOLITIONIST AND NON-ABOLITIONIST COUNTRIESMore than two thirds of the world’s countries have abolished the death penalty inlaw or practice.• 97 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes;• 8 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes exceptextraordinary crimes such as those committed in times of war;• 34 countries are de facto abolitionists: the death penalty is still providedfor in legislation but no executions have been carried out for at least tenyears.Therefore, 139 countries have abolished the death penalty de jure or de facto.However, 58 countries and territories still uphold the death penalty and use thispunishment. That said, ‘only’ 23 countries carried out executions in 2010.[2] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDSWORLD ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYSince 1990 more than 57 countries have abolished capital punishment for allcrimes: in Africa (recent examples include Gabon, Togo and Burundi); theAmericas (Mexico, Paraguay and Argentina); Asia-Pacific (the Philippines andSamoa, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan); and Europe and the South Caucasus(Armenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Cyprus).In the Americas, the USA was the only nation to carry out executions in 2010 andone State, Illinois abolished the death penalty in March 2011. In sub-SaharanAfrica four countries executed prisoners: Botswana Equatorial Guinea, Somaliaand Sudan. In Asia, there were no executions in Afghanistan, Indonesia, Mongoliaand Pakistan for the second year in a row. In Europe, only Belarus continues touse the death penalty and executed 2 prisoners in March 2010.[3] DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONSDuring 2010 at least 527 prisoners (excluding China) were executed in 18countries and at least 2024 people were sentenced to death in 67 countries.These figures only reflect cases of which Amnesty International was aware andthe actual number is certainly higher.In 2010, the nations with the highest number of executions were China, Iran,Iraq, North Korea, Saudi Arabia and the United States.[China and North Korea]Amnesty International has not given any estimates on the number or executionsin China. Official national statistics on the application of capital punishmentremain a state secret. It is believed that thousands of executions have takenplace in 2010. However, even under these conditions, a positive development isunderway: in February 2011, the National People's Congress of China passed a lawreducing the number of offenses punishable by death from 68 to 55.Amnesty International received reports that at least 60 people were executed inNorth Korea in 2010. Executions are usually carried out in secret, but anincreased number of executions were held in public to serve as an example toothers.www.worldcoalition.orgSteering Committee members:Arab Coalition Against the Death Penalty,Collectif Unitaire National de Soutien àMumia Abu-Jamal, Coalition nationale pourl'abolition de la peine de mor au Maroc,Community of Sant'Egidio, Death PenaltyFocus, Culture pour la Paix et la Justice,Ensemble contre la peine de mort,International Federation of Human RightsLeagues, Fédération Syndicale Unitaire,International Federation of Action byChristians for the Abolition of Torture,Lawyers For Human Rights International,Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights,National Association of Criminal DefenceLawyers, Paris Bar, Penal ReformInternational, Puerto Rico Bar Association,Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty,Texas Coalition to Abolish the DeathPenalty, Tuscany Region.Other members:ACAT France, ACAT Libéria, Advocates for HumanRights, Adaleh Center for Human Rights, ADPAN,ALIVE, American Friends Service Committee,Amnesty International, Association for the Rights toLive, Association Marocaine des Droits Humains,Action pour Education de qualité (Apeq), Avocatssans frontier, Bahrain Human Rights Society,Belarusian Helsinki Committee, City of Brainel’Alleud, California People of Faith working againstthe death penalty,Centre for Prisoner’s Rights,Campaign to end death penalty, Center for Globalnon Killing, Centre marocain des droits humains,Coalition nationale tunisienne contre la peine demort, Collectif des Organisations des JeunesSolidaires du Congo-Kinshasa, Comité desObservateurs des Droits de l’Homme, Comitato PaulRougeau, Comité Syndical Francophone del'Education et de la Formation, ConférenceInternationale des Barreaux, Congolese YouthMovement, Conseil National pour les Libertés enTunisie, CURE, Death Watch International, City ofDijon, Droits et Paix, Equal Justice, Federation ofLiberal Students, Forum Africain contre la Peine deMort, Forum 90 Japan, Forum marocain pour laVérité et la Justice, Foundation for Human RightsInitiative, German Coalition to Abolish the DeathPenalty, Hands Off Cain, Hope & Justice, HumanRights Watch, Human Rights Commission ofPakistan, HURILAWS, International Organization forDiplomatic Relations, International commission ofjurists, Iranian Human Rights Activists Groups in EUand North America, Iraqi Alliance for the Preventionof the death penalty, Iraqi Center for Human Rightsand Democracy Studies, Italian Coalition to Abolishthe Death Penalty, Journey of Hope...from Violenceto Healing, Kids Against the Death Penalty,KontraS, Law Student’s Forum, LeadersOrganization,Legal and Human RightsCentre,LDVDH Lifespark, Ligue des Droits del’Homme, Ligue ivoirienne des Droits de l’Homme,Lutte Pour la Justice, City of Matera, MauritanianCoalition Against Death Penalty MEDEL, Mêmesdroits pour tous, Michigan Committee AgainstCapital Punishment, Mothers Against DeathPenalty, Mouvement contre le Racisme et pourl’Amitié entre les Peuples, National Coalition toAbolish the Death Penalty, National Lawyers Guild,Nigerian Humanist Movement, Observatoiremarocain des prisons, Observatoire National desPrisons, Ordine Provinciale dei Medici-Chirurgi edegli odontoiatri di Firenze, Ordre des avocats duBarreau de Liège, Ordre des avocats de Genève,Ordre des avocats des Hauts de Seine, Ordre desBarreaux francophones et germanophones deBelgique, Organisation marocaine des droitshumains, Pacific Concerns Resource Centre,Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, Pax ChristiUvira asbl, People of Faith Against the DeathPenalty, Puerto Rican Coalition against the DeathPenalty, RADHOMA, RAIDH, City of Reggio Emilia,Rights and Democracy, Reprieve, ROTAB, StopChild Executions,SYNAFEN, Union Chrétienne pourle Progrès et la Défense des Droits de l’Homme,Unis pour l’abolition de la peine de mort, TheInternational Harm Reduction Association, USHuman Rights Network, City of Venice, VictorianCriminal Justice Coalition, Women's InformationConsultative Center, World Organisation againstTorture.Executive Secretariat:ECPM3, rue Paul Vaillant Couturier92320 Chatillon, FranceTel: + 33 1 57 63 09 37Fax: + 33 1 57 63 89 25contact@worldcoalition.org[Iran, Saudi Arabia and Yemen]According to the information gathered by AmnestyInternational, Iran executed at least 252individuals in 2010. According to Iran HumanRights’ annual report, at least 546 people wereexecuted in 2010, 312 of which have beenconfirmed officially or unofficially by the Iranianauthorities.In Yemen, at least 53 people were executed in2010. Saudi Arabia executed at least 27 individualscompared to 69 in 2009 and 102 in 2008.[United States of America]In the United States 12 States carried outexecutions in 2010, taking the lives of 46 people(compared to 52 in 2009), therefore bringing thetotal number of people executed since capitalpunishment was reinstated in 1977 to 1,234.In March 2010, Illinois became the 16th State toabolish the death penalty, closely following NewMexico in 2009, and New Jersey in 2007.[4] METHODS OF EXECUTIONSince 2000 the following methods have been used:• decapitation (Saudi Arabia);• electrocution (United States);• hanging (Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan,Pakistan, Singapore, …);• lethal injection (China, United States,Guatemala, Thailand);• execution by firing squad (Belarus, China,Somalia, Vietnam, …);• stoning (Afghanistan, Iran).[5] USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYAGAINST JUVENILE OFFENDERSInternational human rights treaties forbid the useof capital punishment for all those under 18 at thetime of the crime of which they are accused. Thisban is inscribed in the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, the American Conventionon Human Rights and the Convention on the Rightsof the Child.The countries which still uphold capitalpunishment for some crimes are all party to atleast one of these treaties which expressly forbidthe execution of juvenile offenders. However, asmall number of countries continue to executejuvenile offenders.In 2010, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan,United Arab Emirates and Yemen imposed deathsentences on individuals that were below 18 yearsof age when the crimes were committed. InNigeria, although Nigeria’s Child Rights Actprohibits the death penalty, more than 20 prisonerscurrently on death row were sentenced foroffences committed when they were below the ageof 18.[6] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTSSUPPORTING ABOLITIONOne important aspect of the progress which hasbeen made recently is the adoption ofinternational treaties through which States pledgenot to use capital punishment:• Second Optional Protocol to theInternational Covenant on Civil and PoliticalRights, which aims to abolish the death penaltyand has been ratified by 73 States. 3 othercountries have signed the Protocol, therebysignalling their intention to become party to thisinstrument at a later date;• Protocol to the American Convention onHuman Rights on the abolition of the deathpenalty, has been ratified by 11 States on theAmerican continent;• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for theProtection of Human Rights and FundamentalFreedoms (European Human Rights Convention)on the abolition of the death penalty, whichhas been ratified by 46 European States andsigned by one other;• Protocol No. 13 to the European HumanRights Convention concerning the abolition ofthe death penalty in all circumstances, whichas be [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Faits-et-chiffres-JM2011-EN.pdf ) [2468] => Array ( [objectID] => 4702 [title] => World Day Buzz In Africa [timestamp] => 1317859200 [date] => 06/10/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-day-buzz-in-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/80eee38eb64b76c85dae115e449af278_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Conferences, round tables, talks, tours, meetings with politicians, debates, press conferences, sit-ins, cultural evenings, marches and speeches are among the many events that will take place in Africa for this 9th World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => With so many events planned in so many different countries for this World Day themed “the inhumanity of the death penalty”, abolitionists are confident of a brighter future on the continent.One of the bigger events is the ‘Regional Conference on the Abolition and/or Moratorium on the Execution of the Death Penalty’ organised by the Government of Rwanda with Hands Off Cain and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, to be held in Kigali. The conference will have participants from at least 24 different African countries and representatives from the European Union and African Union.According to the organisers, “The conference aims to launch a major debate on the need to abolish the death penalty on the African continent or at least impose a moratorium on its execution across the entire Continent.”In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jean-Jacque De Christ Nganya from Pax Christi Uvira said their debate and public march will be “Mobilsing awareness of the abolition of the death penalty among the Congolese people, which is also considered as a solution to violence and crime."So robust is the current abolitionist movement in Africa that even American abolitionists want to get in on the action. Journey of Hope, a World Coalition member organisation that is led by murder victims family members will be going on tour in Uganda and other neighbouring countries to spread their message of healing through reconciliation rather than retribution.Journey of Hope founder Bill Pelke said “If anyone can talk about inhumane and the death penalty, we can.”The abolitionist Buzz!It is not hard to understand why the abolitionist buzz has taken hold. In recent years Africa has seen several countries move from a moratorium on executions to abolitionists in law, with the most recent being Benin whose Parliament voted overwhelmingly to ratify the UN Protocol to abolish the death penalty earlier this year.As Guillaume Colin, Programme Officer for FIACAT, points out “through sensitising public opinion, and especially influential leaders (chiefs, religious leaders, media…) civil society pressures the nation states to abolish the death penalty. This was the experience in Benin in recent years.”Colin continues, “In the majority of African countries that apply a moratorium on the death penalty, the governments use the public opinion argument as an excuse to not take that next step towards abolition.”This World Day is an excellent opportunity for African civil society to sensitizes the public opinion on the cruel, inhumane et degrading nature of the death penalty and to convince African governments of its inefficacy.For more information on events in Africa and other locations the world over, please click here to visit the World Day calendar. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [2] => Rwanda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Murder Victims' Families [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2469] => Array ( [objectID] => 4703 [title] => Petition against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1317427200 [date] => 01/10/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/petition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 139 nations have already abolished the death penalty. In December 2012, the United Nations’ General Assembly will vote on a resolution calling for a worldwide halt to its use. We, the undersigned, in recognition of the five million people who signed the moratorium petition that was handed to the United Nations’ General Assembly in […] [texte] => 139 nations have already abolished the death penalty. In December 2012, the United Nations' General Assembly will vote on a resolution calling for a worldwide halt to its use.We, the undersigned, in recognition of the five million people who signed the moratorium petition that was handed to the United Nations’ General Assembly in 2007, promoted by the Community of Sant'Egidio in collaboration with Amnesty International and other organizations all over the world, renew the call for a worldwide moratorium on sentences and executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty worldwide in the belief that this penalty is inhumane: * Whatever the method of execution, there is no humane way to kill * Whatever the country, death row is inhumane * Whatever the length, awaiting death dehumanizes people sentenced to deathWe welcome the strong progress already made towards a global end to capital punishment and acknowledge that 139 nations have abolished the death penalty in law or practice.For the 4th vote of the United Nations General Assembly on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, to be held in December 2012, we, the undersigned, call on all countries to support the resolution and all those which retain the death penalty to establish a moratorium on its use, with a view to abolishing this inhumane practice altogether! To sign the petition:1. Type your name;2. Add your email address (we will not publish this);3. Select your country;4. Submit your entry. Thank you for signing the petition!See the activists alerts page for other ways to help. var returnBack = 0;petitionForm(returnBack);var imgSize = "L";var defLink = 0;petitionImage(imgSize,defLink); [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2470] => Array ( [objectID] => 4704 [title] => The shared responsibility of capital punishment [timestamp] => 1317081600 [date] => 27/09/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-shared-responsibility-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/beb298f3b96092333bfa95a7f523762b_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Everyone agrees that the highest international standards should apply in the fight against drug. But what about the standards used in punishing traffickers- and the inappropriate use of the death penalty against such criminals? [texte] => States are often reminded of their ‘shared responsibility’ to combat transnational issues like drug trafficking and terrorism.What tends to get short shrift in this discourse is a state’s responsibility with respect to international standards on penalties. After all, if the international community is expected to work together to frustrate transnational crime – what assurances are there that the resulting punishments will reflect agreed standards, such as those enshrined in human rights treaties?There is arguably no sanction that raises more debate internationally than the death penalty.The majority of the world’s countries have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Yet a minority continue to carry out executions and an extreme fringe of this group executes people for drug offences.Though 32 countries or territories (Taiwan and the Hamas-administration in Gaza) prescribe the death penalty for drugs in law, the reality is that very few of these countries actually carry out executions.Harm Reduction International estimates that executions for drugs only occurred in about 12 to 14 countries in the past five years and many of these countries (Thailand, Indonesia and Pakistan) did so extremely rarely.ConundrumHowever, some States with capital drug laws are known producer countries or transhipment points for illegal drugs – making them focal points for international counter-narcotics cooperation.But how can countries – like Sweden, the Philippines, Colombia, South Africa, Italy, Niue, Mozambique, Bhutan, Nepal and 130 others – accept their ‘shared responsibility’ to fight drugs if doing so could lead to executions, possibly of their own citizens?This is not an abstract conundrum.The Philippines, for example, which abolished the death penalty in 2006, is described as an active and committed partner in the fight against drugs. But as of February there were 78 Filipinos on death row in China, most for drugs.Australia is also known to work closely with a number of governments, including many in Southeast Asia, on counter-narcotics projects only to then scramble to rescue its own citizens from the firing squad or the noose (sometimes unsuccessfully).What makes all this even more infuriating is that there is ample guidance on the limits of legitimate sanctions in international law.Drug offences are not “most serious crimes”For example, Article 6(2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) clearly limits the legitimate application of the death penalty to what are termed ‘most serious crimes’ – which according to the body empowered with overseeing the implementation of the treaty, excludes drug offences.A similar limitation was included in a resolution of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, which was later endorsed by the General Assembly.Moreover, there is a customary international law prohibition against cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. There is a developing view that capital punishment in any form and for any crime violates this prohibition.The vast majority of the world’s States are parties to treaties to reduce supply of and demand for controlled drugs. But States must ensure that these efforts are balanced with human rights obligations. And it is an imbalanced undertaking (to say the least) to agree on a ‘shared responsibility’ on crime without some commitment to shared standards on punishment.At the very least, the many foreigners currently suffering death sentences and executions that violate international law prove that the abolition of the death penalty is also a ‘shared responsibility’.Click here to read Harm Reduction International's 2011 Death Penalty Report [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia [1] => Bhutan [2] => Colombia [3] => Indonesia [4] => Italy [5] => Mozambique [6] => Nepal [7] => Niue [8] => Pakistan [9] => Philippines [10] => South Africa [11] => State of Palestine [12] => Sweden [13] => Taiwan [14] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2471] => Array ( [objectID] => 4705 [title] => Sharing best practices on ratifying the UN treaty to abolish the death penalty [timestamp] => 1316908800 [date] => 25/09/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sharing-best-practices-on-ratifying-the-un-treaty-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/72d70293ff2a21fd470ce76c98048a78_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Belgium and the United Nations’ human rights office have held a panel discussion to promote efforts in favour of the strongest international instrument against capital punishment. [texte] => “To mark the twentieth anniversary of the entry into force of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in July 2011, States should multiply their efforts to secure increased ratification of this international human rights instrument” stated the report of the UN Secretary General on the death penalty that was presented during the 18th session of the Human Rights Council in Geneva.To answer this call, Belgium organized a panel discussion on “Sharing best practices on ratifying the Protocol” with the support of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the World Coalition against the Death Penalty on 19 September.In her opening statement, Mona Rishmawi, Chief Rule of Law of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights said: “About 140 of the 192 States Members of the United Nations are believed to have abolished the death penalty or introduced a moratorium either legally, or in practice. However, only 73 States have ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.”“The Protocol is making progress” Marc Bossuyt , President of the Belgian Constitutional Court, and former special rapporteur responsible for drafting the Second Optional Protocol recalled that the vote for the adoption of the Protocol by the United Nations General Assembly in 1989 was “difficult” and that only 59 countries had voted in favor. 20 year later, progress has been made as 73 states have ratified and more states are considering ratifying it.Mongolia is among them and Chuluunbaatar Sosormaa, Human Rights Policy Advisor to the President of Mongolia explained that a bill has been presented to the Parliament in June this year but the discussion was postponed. “International support is very important, especially from the UN, the EU and the worldwide movement. Recent abolitions in Russia and ratifications in Central Asia are also very good examples for Mongolia.”Noura Borsali, a member of the Tunisian High Instance for the Revolution said that since the revolution, the question of the ratification of the Protocol has been discussed and she was confident that it will be further discussed either by the transitional government or after the adoption of the new constitution.She also recognized that civil society, and especially the Tunisian Coalition against the Death Penalty, has been first in raising the issue.Christoffel Heyns, Special rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions insisted that the Protocol was important as it was the only UN legal framework that clearly banned the use of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium [1] => Mongolia [2] => Russian Federation ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2472] => Array ( [objectID] => 4706 [title] => Opening up the debate in countries with the death penalty [timestamp] => 1316390400 [date] => 19/09/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/opening-up-the-debate-in-countries-with-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/70c99d41e19638b8ee545f802a3f1d6b_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => On 19 and 20 September, World Coalition member organisation Penal Reform International (PRI) is bringing 120 people from retentionist countries to London to discuss global trends towards abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => PRI Chair David Daubney describes this conference as “an opportunity to inspire decision- and policy-makers in death penalty countries to identify new ways of harmonising their criminal justice systems with evolving standards and values that indicate that the death penalty has no place in civilised society.”While two-thirds of the world’s states have already abolished the death penalty in law or in practice, those who continue to retain it are taking positive steps to reduce or restrict its application in law or in practice, reflecting its declining use.“The death penalty violates the fundamental right to life,” says Daubney, “and amounts to torture, cruel and inhuman punishment. It is time for the world to eradicate this harsh and irrevocable form of punishment that has very little or any effect on changing criminal behaviour, and to develop a more evolved criminal justice system that aims to tackle the root causes of crime and violence.”This view is shared from the American perspective as expressed by Brian Stevenson, executive director of the US-based Equal justice initiative: “The question that we have to ask ourselves is not 'does this person deserve to die for the crime committed?', but it is 'do we have the right to kill this person?'," he said. "A country that thinks about executing a person when there are relevant doubts about his innocence cannot have the right to kill,” he added.Misconceptions about Sharia LawThe Arab region is one of the most notorious executers in the world. In 2010, at least 378 executions were known to have been carried out in the region.“The Arab Spring has created a golden opportunity for safeguarding civil liberties, and attention is turning towards criminal justice reforms including abolition of the death penalty,” stresses Taghreed Jaber, PRI Middle East Director. “This conference will be a fundamental building-block on the path towards abolition in Arab states and at the global level.”Syrian MP and leading Islamic Scholar, Dr Mohamad Al Habach, attended the conference to address the misconceptions surrounding Sharia Law and the death penalty. “Almost all Arab states justify the use of the death penalty as an explicit link to Islam. But in practice, the crimes punishable by death go far beyond what has been provided for in Sharia law,” he said.“The prophet says that a person who kills one soul is someone who kills all the souls, a person who save one soul saves all the souls,” he added. "“Only god has the power to bring people to life and to give death. The Koran provides for just retribution in the case of murder, and that does not necessarily means death.”Participants to the conference include representatives from the Arab world, Africa, the United States, Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the South Caucasus, the United Nations, the European Union, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the Arab League, Amnesty International, Murder Victims Families for Human Rights and Reprieve. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Syrian Arab Republic [1] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2473] => Array ( [objectID] => 4707 [title] => South Korea’s 5,000th day without an execution an opportunity for abolition [timestamp] => 1315440000 [date] => 08/09/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/south-koreas-5000th-day-without-an-execution-an-opportunity-for-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/7c5ab466282181f35e304b02de647bbb_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => 8th September 2011 marks the 5,000th day without executions in South Korea. Houng-oh Kim, a member of the National Assembly and former Speaker, is aiming to introduce a new bill abolishing the death penalty to mark this occasion. [texte] => The bill has to be approved by the Legislation and Judiciary Committee (LJC) before it can be considered by the National Assembly.Since 2008, there have been three different bills aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, all of which are still pending in the LJC. There is no time limit for deliberations so these bills face lapsing at the end of the legislature, in 2012.The World Coalition played an active role when the last proposal to abolish the death penalty in South Korea was issued for the World Day Against the Death Penalty of 2008.International actionAn international action was launched to gather statements welcoming the forthcoming anniversary of 5,000 days (14 years) without any executions and supporting the new abolition bill. Organisations such as the Anti Death-Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), Amnesty International, the World Coalition against the Death Penalty (WCADP), Murder Victim’s Families for Human Rights (MVFHR), Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) as well as representatives of South Korean civil society, religious groups and members of the National Assembly jointly urge the LJC to vote in favour of abolishing the death penalty in South Korea.The action will be marked by a press conference, public speaking events, meetings with parliamentarians and other Korean family members of murder victims.On September 7th, a MVFHR delegation met with Yoo Keun Woo, Chair of the Legislative and Judiciary Committee, and other members of the National Assembly, bringing the voices of murder victims’ family members to support efforts to abolish the death penalty. MVFHR delivered the statements from all over the world including those from ADPAN and the WCADP to Chairman Woo."Risk of a return to the use of this cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment"The ADPAN statement unambiguously acknowledges: “So long as the death penalty remains on the statute books, and death sentences continue to be imposed, the risk of a return to the use of this cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment remains a reality. Out of the 41 countries from Asia and the Pacific, 27 have abolished the death penalty in law and in practice. Of the 14 countries that still retain the death penalty, executions are decreasing and its use overall is less frequent”.According to ADPAN, an unofficial moratorium has been in place in South Korea since 1998 when former President Kim Dae-jung took office and halted executions. Himself had been sentenced to death in 1980.No executions have been carried out since December 1997, when 23 people were executed at short notice. As of 31 December 2010, 60 people had their sentences finalized and remain on death row and death sentences continue to be passed. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2474] => Array ( [objectID] => 4708 [title] => Benin votes overwhelmingly to join abolitionist ranks [timestamp] => 1315180800 [date] => 05/09/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/benin-votes-overwhelmingly-to-join-abolitionist-ranks/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e64de85d38528be73d2bc0630d087327_2-500x280.gif [extrait] => On 19 August 2011 the National Assembly of the West African nation of Benin counted 54 votes in favour of ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, with only 5 votes against and 6 abstentions. [texte] => This overwhelming vote in favour supports the statement made by Mathurin Coffi Nago, the President of the National Assembly, that “Benin wants to promote human dignity and progressive development of human rights”.Benin's ratification of the UN Protocol on abolition is expected to take place this year or early next year, making it the 74th state party. The Protocol will enter into force three months after Benin's President, Dr. Yayi Boni, deposits its instrument of ratification with the Secretary General of the United Nations.Djidjoho Hermann Nounawon Kekere, from ACAT Benin, is optimistic: "With this last step, parliamentarians from Benin can not overturn their decision and I think that the abolition will be effective within a few months."He asked activists and human rights defenders to continue encouraging the country: "The approach of the parliament in Benin is consistent in the sense that by authorizing the ratification, they give a strong signal and tie their hands for future votes. But this should not lead us to rest on our laurels and we must continue to support Benin on the path towards abolition of the death penalty."Ratification will bring relief to the 14 people currently on death row in Benin. The last execution in Benin occurred in 1987 by firing squad.The Second Optional Protocol turns 20 The Second Optional Protocol entered into force on the 11 July 1991 and to mark its 20th anniversary Belgium is organising a side-event to share best practices on ratifying the Protocol at the 18th session of the Human Rights Council on 19 September 2011.The side-event will be hosted by Marc Bossuyt, President of the Belgium Constitutional Court and the special rapporteur responsible for drafting the Protocol. There will be panelists from Brazil, Mozambique, Burundi and Mongolia. The side-event is organized in cooperation with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and with the support of the World Coalition. Belgium is one of the 'Friends of the Protocol', a World Coalition initiative whereby a group of countries actively promote its adoption. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Benin ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2475] => Array ( [objectID] => 4710 [title] => Asia still top executioner but more divided than ever: Hands Off Cain Report [timestamp] => 1313020800 [date] => 11/08/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/asia-still-top-executioner-but-more-divided-than-ever-hands-off-cain-report/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/d5a054eb68476f424d3962a116392ec6_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => Hands Off Cain's 2011 Report contains the most important facts regarding the practice of the death penalty in 2010 and the first six months of 2011. [texte] => “Asia is responsible for 98.4% of the executions worldwide, with the 3 main executioner countries being China, Iran and North Korea, all illiberal countries where official information about the use of the death penalty is shrouded in secrecy. This explains how the abolition of the death penalty is linked to the battle for democracy and rule of law,” said Elisabetta Zamparutti, who supervised the publication of the report.Top 3 executioners: China, Iran and North KoreaRelying on the number of death penalty cases reviewed by the Supreme People’s Court (SPC), Hands Off Cain estimates that about 5,000 executions took place in China in 2010, representing 85.6%, of the world total.In 2007, a legal reform required that every capital sentence be reviewed by the SPC. In 2010 only, it dealt with 12,086 cases of various types.Although China still executes thousands of people, it has also reduced the scope of the death penalty: “On February 25, 2011, China dropped the death penalty for 13 non-violent crimes and banned capital punishment for offenders over the age of 75 in a move seen as symbolic but unlikely to significantly reduce executions.”Referring to Iran Human Rights’ report, Hands Off Cain confirms that Iran put at least 546 people to death. It also stresses that in violation of international standards, Iran conducted public executions and “Iran was the only known country to carry out the death penalty in cases involving those who were minors at the time of their crimes”, at least 2 in 2010 and 3 in 2011.Consistent with Amnesty International figures for 2010, Hands Off Cain reports that at least 60 executions took place in North Korea. Worried about increasing public executions, the report states that “in a bid to tighten controls amid the designation of North Korean leader’s son Kim Jong-un as his father’s heir, Kim Jong-un has called for “gunshots across the country”. Kim Jong-il did exactly the same thing when he took power. “Significant political and legislative steps towards abolition in the regionDespite those worrying figures, positive steps were taken by several Asian countries. During the reporting period, the government of Thailand has declared its intention to abolish the death penalty, as announced in the human rights plan for the years 2009-2013.In January 2010, Mongolia’s President announced a moratorium on the death penalty and a law came into effect in Viet Nam eliminating the death penalty for eight crimes.In Tajikistan, a Working Group on the Abolition of the Death Penalty was established in April 2010.Indonesia has not executed anyone since 2008 and Hands off Cain explains that “there has been a discernible shift in attitude. Perhaps the best explanation for the new reluctance to carry out executions lies with a seminal ruling by the Constitutional Court in 2008, saying capital punishment should be used sparingly and those on death row should be given the chance to rehabilitate.”In 2010, for the sixth year in a row, India has not carried out a death sentence. On February 10, 2010, the Supreme Court held that long incarceration and socio-economic factors leading to crime are relevant and mitigating considerations for commuting a death sentence to life imprisonment. In 2010, 13 commutations were decided by Indian president Pratibha Devisingh Patil and Harm Reduction International reported that in 2011 Bombay High Court struck down the mandatory death penalty for drug offences.More recently, in May 2011, Myanmar’s new President commuted all death sentences to life imprisonment.The 2011 Report on the death penalty worldwide was presented at the headquarters of Hands Off Cain in Rome on August 4, 2011 with the presence of Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini and Education Minister and Transitional Tunisian Government spokesperson Taïeb Baccouche. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea [2] => India [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Mongolia [5] => Myanmar [6] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2476] => Array ( [objectID] => 4711 [title] => Progressing towards abolition in East Africa [timestamp] => 1312675200 [date] => 07/08/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/progressing-towards-abolition-in-east-africa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/873c919bc272d380d2eb96bb8caa6216_2-500x216.jpg [extrait] => On 24-27 July, 2011, World Coalition members Penal Reform International (PRI), Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) and the International Commission of Jurists-Kenya section (ICJ), jointly hosted a regional roundtable on “Death Penalty in East Africa: Challenges, Strategies and Comparative Jurisprudence”, with the Judicial Studies Institute (JSI) in Nairobi, Kenya. [texte] => The conference brought together approximately 60 participants including members of the Supreme Court of Kenya and Uganda, retired Chief Justice of Tanzania, members of the Constitutional Court of Kenya, members of the Court of Appeal of Uganda, members of the High Court of Kenya and Uganda, magistrates, Prison Commissioners of Kenya and Uganda, lawyers and law associations, academics, members of civil society from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda, the media, and members of the international donor community (the European Union and the Foreign & Commonwealth Office).The aim of the roundtable was to promote progressive abolition of the death penalty in the region, and to identify best practices, challenges and opportunities for reform in the criminal justice system.Growing prison populationAlthough Kenya has not carried out an execution since 1987, Uganda since 2003, and Tanzania since 1995, the courts are still sentencing people for death, including for the crimes of murder, treason and aggravated robbery, to name a few. To date, there are 487 death row inmates in Uganda, 1,438 in Kenya, and 549 in Tanzania. Problems with a growing prison population, including the use of excessively long sentencing and the use of whole life sentences, are creating serious overcrowding concerns for prison staff.PRI’s death penalty project manager Jacqueline Macalesher spoke on the subject of global trends towards abolition, and reinforced the important role that civil society organisations have in effecting change on the death penalty and within criminal justice reforms. The British High Commissioner in Kenya, Rob Macaire (photo, centre), raised concerns over the worrying trend in Kenya, and elsewhere in the region, of extrajudicial killings, and how this undermines the rule of law.“An eye for an eye”The great need for more work on abolition amidst strong opposition is demonstrated by some reactions conveyed in the region’s media. For example, the Nairobi-based Africa Review quoted Uganda’s Principal Judge Yorokomu Bomwine as saying that “it should be an eye for an eye”. “As an opinion leader in my community, a person who takes away life of another in such brutal manner should be paid in same way,” Mr Justice Bomwine (photo, right) told the paper.Following a lively, open and collaborative debate, conference participants agreed eight key recommendations, including to progressively reduce death penalty applicable crimes to only ‘the most serious’, abolish mandatory death sentences, establish sentencing guidelines for capital cases, to recognise the rights of victims of violent crimes and establish a compensation fund, to undertake civic education on abolition, and to tackle overcrowding in prisons.This conference is part of a series of events being held under PRI’s current programme of work on the abolition of the death penalty and alternative sanctions that respect international human rights. The programme of work is being carried out in 19 countries in five regions: the Middle East and North Africa, Eastern Europe, South Caucasus, Central Asia and East Africa.The programme is supported by the European Union’s Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR). [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2477] => Array ( [objectID] => 4712 [title] => India asked to maintain the moratorium on executions [timestamp] => 1311811200 [date] => 28/07/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/india-asked-to-maintain-the-moratorium-on-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/18b2c723db159f666d45727cb8e32b9a_2.jpg [extrait] => After a six year moratorium on executions, India’s President Patil has rejected the mercy petition of two Indian nationals despite international outcry to maintain the moratorium. [texte] => Mahatma Gandhi, India’s greatest advocate of peace and non-violence very famously asserted that “An eye for and eye makes the whole world blind”. This maxim may no longer be adhered to by India’s criminal justice system if in the coming days Devinder Pal Singh Bhullar (photo, right) and Mahender Nath Das (left) are hanged.The World Coalition and other international actors including the International Commission Against the Death Penalty are concerned that in executing these two men, India will break international safeguards aimed at protecting the rights of those facing the death penalty and also move away from the international trend towards the abolition of the death penalty.In a letter to India’s Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, the World Coalition points to the inconsistency between Bhullar’s admission into the New Delhi psychiatric facility in January 2011 and the UN Economic and Social Council recommendation that the death penalty be eliminated for “persons suffering from mental retardation or extremely limited mental competence, whether at the stage of sentence or execution.”The letter continues, “As the world’s largest democracy, and candidate to the UN Security Council, the World Coalition encourages India to take a leadership role in moving towards abolition, with a view of joining the 104 countries in the world that have already abolished the death penalty, and at a minimum, to maintain the de facto moratorium”.Cruel, inhuman and degradingCourts in India have previously commuted death sentences for delayed decisions on mercy petitions. A decision on Das’s mercy petition took 11 years while Bhullar’s took 8 years. Furthermore, the Supreme Court regularly commutes death sentences in cases where there is a prolonged stay on death row as is seen as cruel, inhuman and degrading. World Coalition member organisations Amnesty International and Lawyers for Human Rights International (LFHRI) have mobilised to raise awareness and pressure the Indian Government and judiciary into commuting the sentences.Sikhs for Justice, another human rights group, has appealed to United Nations Secretary General Bon Ki-Moon to ask the Government of India to commute Bhullar's death sentence.Navkiran Singh of LFHRI, stated from its headquarters in India: “We are making best efforts [to commute the sentences], but international pressure would make a difference”.As we wait to see if international pressure brings relief to these men, news has come that the Bombay High Court has struck down the mandatory death penalty for drug offences, thanks largely to Harm Reduction International's briefing on international norms for penalties for drug related offences and the Indian Harm Reduction Network's petition which initiated the proceedings.India has a population of 1.2 Billion people but has less than 200 people on death row and the last person executed was in 2004. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2478] => Array ( [objectID] => 4713 [title] => Outgoing Gaza government must stop executing death sentences [timestamp] => 1311638400 [date] => 26/07/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/outgoing-gaza-government-must-stop-executing-death-sentences/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ec1ba6c7e48231457ef4a2cdb2342fb1_2-500x253.jpg [extrait] => Leaders Organization, a Palestinian member of the World Coalition, is opposing a decision by the Hamas-run cabinet due to leave office in the Gaza Strip to carry out existing death sentences. [texte] => Two men were executed in Gaza (photo) on July 26 after being convicted of collaborating with Israel, Leaders Organization reported.The resigned government in Gaza known as the "Hamas Cabinet" officially mandated its Ministry of Justice to continue the implementation of death sentences issued by Palestinian courts that have met the "legal procedures", in addition to the cases that are currently being considered in courts.This mandate was publicized through a press release issued by the Media and Information Office of the Council of Ministries, as it had shadowed a number of death sentences currently issued by the courts in Gaza, and several other death sentences that have been implemented by the resigned Ministry of Interior in the past.World Coalition member Leaders Organization and its partners are expressing deep concern regarding this mandate. They have reminded Prime Minister, Ismail Haniyeh, of the resigned government in Gaza, of his statement regarding death sentences on June 9th, 2009 to the President of the Arab Commission for Human Rights in Paris, lawyer Haytham Manna.Haniyeh was asked not to implement death penalty provisions until the formation of a new united Palestinian Legislation that eliminates the death penalty from the Palestinian Penal Code, and in return he promised the following: "The death penalty will not be implemented and no one will be executed while I am in power".Discrepancies between Gaza and the West BankThe World Coalition has written a letter to Ismail Haniyeh congratulating him for being party to the April 2011 agreement according to which Hamas and Fatah will form a technocratic government to unify national institutions in Gaza and the West Bank.The letter then notes the differences in the application of the death penalty in Gaza and the West Bank and requests the government withdraw the mandate and not implement the death penalty provisions until new united Palestinian legislation eliminating the death penalty from the Palestinian Penal Code is enacted.Fatah holds power in the occupied West Bank while Hamas, which won the last parliamentary election in 2006, routed Abbas' forces in 2007 to seize control of the Gaza Strip. Each of them has had its own Cabinet ever since. Hamas government uses the death penalty severely, while there is a draft Penal Code in the West bank that abolishes the death penalty. Both bodies use different legal texts. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2479] => Array ( [objectID] => 4714 [title] => Arab spring at the heart of World Coalition debates [timestamp] => 1309046400 [date] => 26/06/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/arab-spring-at-the-heart-of-world-coalition-debates/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/38f611caf3731ebf2bad2ed7b23b6864_2-500x281.jpg [extrait] => International abolitionists gathered in Morocco have discussed the recent wind of change in the region and the resulting hope for the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s AGM began on June 24 in Rabat with an opening ceremony during which the Moroccan government committed itself to the « gradual abolition » of capital punishment.Abolitionists from around the world met in Morocco Friday evening to open an annual general meeting centered on the Arab World. The event is taking place at the judiciary’s training college in Rabat, at the invitation of the Ministry of Justice.Around 200 people attended the opening ceremony and listened to Abderrahim Jamai of the Moroccan Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, who insisted that the continued handing down of death sentences by Moroccan courts has not led to a decrease in crime in the country.“The State has failed in addressing the issues of the right to life and the abolition of the death penalty”, Jamai said. He referred to the draft new constitution currently under discussion, which protects the right to life but fails to mention abolition despite requests from “human rights activists, trade unions, many political leaders, artists, media professionals and a section of public opinion”.Reform of the Moroccan Penal CodeJamai called on the government to turn its attention the ongoing reform of the Penal Code to introduce abolition.The Ministry of Justice’s director for penal affairs Mohamed Abdennabaoui replied that “the government’s position has been consistent and supports gradual abolition” since an official forum on this issue was held in 2004.Abdennabaoui said that no execution has taken place in 18 years in Morocco and that the number of capital crimes had been cut by two-thirds in national law over the same period. He added that according to the proposed new Penal Code, death sentences would only be passed if all judges on a court panel agree.The official gave official figures on the death penalty in Morocco: 103 prisoners are on death row, including two women, and around 10 death sentences are passed every year.Abdennabaoui stated his personal preference for abolition and said: “We are expecting a new start from the new constitution, which states in article 20 that the right to life is the first of all rights.”"Abolition, not cosmetic change"“We don’t want cosmetic change. What we want is abolition,” said Tagreed Jaber, Penal Reform International’s regional director for Middle east and North Africa.er remark took a particular meaning in Morocco, where the draft new constitution protects the “right to life”, but doesn’t go any further.“This is not enough for abolitionists. That article doesn’t ban the death penalty, contrary to other constitutions or the international protocol,” said Mostafa Znaidi of the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Jaber underlined the positive and negative aspects associated with the protest movements under way in the region in relation to the abolition of the death penalty.Halem Chabouni of the Tunisian Coalition said that his organisation had recovered its freedom to exist after it being banned by the Ben Ali government. Nobody has called for the death penalty for the ex-president so far, but he still considers that option as a risk.Most participants, however, are optimistic about the effect of the Arab Spring on the death penalty. Montassir Sakhi, a Moroccan blogger and activist who has been taking part in the February 20 Movement, said that the online networks created during the protests could help push for abolition in the near future.1,145 people officially on death row in Iraq - many more in realityYet in some Arab countries, the trend is far from pointing towards abolition. Nasser Abood of the Iraqi Coalition said that his country moved from the Saddam Hussein regime, which used multiple laws to impose the death penalty on its people, to the current government, which uses anti-terrorism legislation to sentence thousands of people to death.Although a recent report by the Iraqi ministry of human rights stated that 1145 people were on death row, Abood estimates the real figure to be several times higher.The public section of the World Coalition’s AGM ended with a debate on the inhumanity of the death penalty, which will be the theme of this year’s World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10.Rosalyn Park of The Advocates for Human Rights, Bernadette Jung of FIACAT and Essadia Belmit of the UN Committe Against Torture discussed the overlaps between the death penalty and inhuman treatments in international law.The Rabat general meeting is continuing on Sunday with the World Coalition’s statutory meeting and training workshops for its members. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq [1] => Morocco [2] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2480] => Array ( [objectID] => 4715 [title] => Statutes of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1309046400 [date] => 26/06/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/statutes-of-the-world-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/559c040bccd48f6f89630f326563f902_2-500x282.jpg [extrait] => Amended by the General Assembly on June 26, 2011 [texte] => An association is created, governed by the law of 1st July 1901 and the decree of 16th August 1901 and having the following statutes:PreambleThe signatories of the Final Declaration of the 1st World Congress Against the Death Penalty held in Strasbourg on 21-23 June 2001 pledged to «create a worldwide coordination of abolitionist associations and campaigners» (§9 of the Declaration).In conformity with this commitment, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty was created in Rome, Italy, on 13 May 2002.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and its member organizations share the common objective of universal abolition of the death penalty.ARTICLE 1: NAME The name of the association is “World Coalition against the Death Penalty” (hereinafter: “the Coalition”), in French “Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort”.ARTICLE 2: REGISTERED OFFICEThe registered office is fixed at 3, rue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 92320 Chatillon, France.It can be transferred by decision of the Steering Committee.ARTICLE 3: PURPOSE3.1. The aim of the Coalition is the universal abolition of the death penalty. To this end, it is dedicated to bringing together private- and state-owned, international, national, local or regional organizations sharing this objective. 3.2. In particular, the objectives of the Coalition consist of strengthening international action in the fight against the death penalty, leading and coordinating actions on an international scale, particularly lobbying, to complement the actions that its members are carrying out, bringing together new abolitionists, and putting more pressure on those countries that keep capital punishment in their legislation. Equally, the Coalition aims to create a network of abolitionist players and to support them. 3.3. The positions taken by the Coalition complement those of its members, who remain entirely independent. As a priority the Coalition acts on an international level.3.4. The purpose of the World Coalition is to promote the universal abolition of the death penalty by all means.ARTICLE 4: GENERAL RULES 4.1. At all levels of the Coalition, decisions are taken with a majority of two thirds of the members of the body present or represented.4.2. Any body that has appointed a legal entity may relieve it of its duties, with the provision that it invites the said legal entity to come before it beforehand to explain itself.ARTICLE 5: MEMBERSHIP5.1. Membership is open to all organizations or corporations, public or private, international, national, local or regional, committed to the fight against the death penalty.5.2. Every organization that subscribes to the objective of universal abolition of the death penalty, and wishes to join the Coalition, should address a written request to the Secretariat of the Coalition confirming its unconditional opposition to the death penalty, presenting the organization, and indicating the ways in which it is currently taking, or planning to take, abolitionist action. The organization should also address to the Secretariat a signed copy of the Declaration of commitment to the principles of the Coalition.5.3. Membership requests are submitted for examination and decision to the Steering Committee.ARTICLE 6: DE-REGISTRATION Membership status is lost through:- resignation by notification of the decision to the Secretariat of the Coalition;- de-registration pronounced by the General Assembly for reason of serious violation of the current Statutes, of the Declaration of commitment to the principles of the Coalition or, if relevant, of the rules of procedures.ARTICLE 7: GENERAL ASSEMBLY 7.1. The General Assembly comprises all the members of the Coalition. It meets once a year, in the six months following the end of the financial year. It is convened by the President of the Coalition by any existing mean. Its agenda is fixed by the Steering Committee.If there is a need, or at the request of half-plus-one of its members, the President of the Coalition can extraordinarily convene a General Assembly.7.2. The General Assembly elects the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee is elected for two years. The General Assembly determines and adopts the general strategy of the Coalition for the following year. It also adopts the activity report and the financial report presented by the Steering Committee.7.3. Each member has one vote. A member of the Coalition can be represented with written power of attorney by another member of the Coalition at the General Assembly. A member can represent a maximum of two other members.7.4. The right to vote at the General Assembly will be reserved for those members who are up to date with their subscriptions, except cases of exemption.ARTICLE 8: STEERING COMMITTEE8.1. The Steering Committee is charged with implementing the strategy defined by the General Assembly.8.2. The Steering Committee is made up of 20 members of the World Coalition, elected by the General Assembly, including if at all possible one local government, one trade union, one bar association and one organization for the defense of human rights. If the number of candidates is not sufficient to fill the 20 posts, the Steering Committee will be work with the number of members elected. The composition of the Steering Committee must also endeavor to ensure a balanced geographical representation. Each member organization of the Steering Committee must designate an individual to be its permanent representative.8.3. The Steering Committee meets at least once a quarter and is convened by the President of the Coalition. It deliberates on all propositions from one of its members or from at least 10 members of the Coalition. A member of the Committee can be represented by another member authorized in writing. A member of the Steering Committee can not represent more than two other members.8.4. The Steering Committee elects the Executive Board amongst its members. It elects a President and a Treasurer amongst the members of the Executive Board. The Board members, the President and the Treasurer are elected for two years. 8.5. The Steering Committee must send the minutes of each of its meetings to all members of the Coalition.8.6. The members of the Steering Committee can represent the Coalition publicly, but can only express themselves on behalf of the latter on specific points that have been approved by the General Assembly or the Steering Committee.8.7. The Steering Committee or the General Assembly can put working groups in place for specific projects that will be coordinated by a member of the Coalition. The Steering Committee can appoint a permanent working group charged with helping the Secretariat in its assignments. If relevant, the modalities of designation and operation and the authority of the different working groups will be provided for in the rules of procedure or in the minutes of the Steering Committee or General Assembly meetings which created them.ARTICLE 9: EXECUTIVE BOARD9.1. The Executive Board has responsibility for the general control, management, governance and legal issues concerning the independent Secretariat of the World Coalition. 9.2. The Executive Board is made up of 5 members of the Steering Committee, elected by the Steering Committee. If the number of candidates is not sufficient to fill the 5 posts, the Executive Board will be work with the number of members elected. The members of the Executive Board are individuals and not organizations but they must be linked to an organization member of the Steering Committee. They could be reelected for a maximum of three consecutive mandates.9.3. The Executive Board meets at least once a quarter before each Steering Committee meeting and is convened by the President of the Coalition.9.4. The Executive Board must send the minutes of each of its meetings to all members of the Steering Committee, using any existing mean.9.5. The members of the Executive Board can represent the Coalition publicly, but can only express themselves on behalf of the latter on specific points that have been approved by the General Assembly or the Steering Committee.ARTICLE 10: SECRETARIAT10.1. Under the impetus and control of the Steering Committee, the Secretariat of the Coalition implements the decisions of the General Assembly, the Steering Committee and its working groups and of the Executive Board. It manages the budget of the Coalition and commits to expenditure, on condition that it accounts for it, with supporting documentation on request, to the Treasurer, the Executive Board, the Steering Committee and the General Assembly.10.2. The Secretariat prepares and organizes the meetings of the General Assembly, of the Executive Board and the Steering Committee; it ensures good communication between the members of the Executive Board, of the Steering Committee and the Coalition.ARTICLE 11: TREASURER 11.1. The Treasurer prepares the budget in association with the Secretariat. S/he monitors its fulfillment and prepares the financial report of the Steering Committee.11.2. The Treasurer has the possibility, when relevant, to delegate some of its prerogatives to one member of the Executive Board.ARTICLE 12: PRESIDENT12.1. The President represents the Coalition legally for acts of civil life and may take part in court proceedings on behalf of the Coalition, both in defense and in application, with the provision, in this latter case, that it seeks the prior authorization of the Steering Committee.12.2 The President must send the preparatory documents to the annual General Assembly one month in advance using any mean.12.3. The President has the possibility, when relevant, to delegate some of its prerogatives to one member of the Executive BoardARTICLE 13: FUNDS13.1. The funds of the association are made up of:• the subscriptions of its members;• the proceeds of its activity;• the grants that it receives from states, public corporations, territorial collectivities and other public persons;• donations f [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2481] => Array ( [objectID] => 4716 [title] => Puerto Rico pressures Obama to abolish unwanted federal death penalty [timestamp] => 1308960000 [date] => 25/06/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/puerto-rico-pressures-obama-to-abolish-unwanted-federal-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/33a9b70c7e257a568d4fa5cd2874a55b_2-500x284.jpg [extrait] => In a letter addressed to President Obama, World Coalition member, the Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty (PRCADP), has requested that the President abolish the application of the federal death penalty in Puerto Rico. The letter , signed by PRCADP’s General Coordinator Edgardo Roman-Espada, was sent to the White House before the President’s visit to the island on 14 June 2011. [texte] => Mr. Roman-Espada's letter points out that Puerto Ricans are still exposed to the death penalty despite its abolition in law in 1929 and constitutionally in 1952 and the last execution occurring over 80 years ago in 1927.Public opinion of the largely Catholic population is against its application and as the letter states “no jury has ever imposed a death penalty in the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico, although the US District Attorney’s Office is constantly trying to push for it”.According to PRCADP spokesperson Carmelo Campos Cruz “ there are three cases before the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico that have been certified for the death penalty, as well as three other procedures pending to be certified as possible cases for capital punishment”.“In flagrant disregard to our Constitution, the Secretary for Justice and the Police Superintendent, with the acquiescence of the Governor of Puerto Rico, has mobilized the Commonwealth government’s resources to help federal authorities impose the death penalty on Puerto Rico.”Sovereignty, federalism and the death penaltyUnder the Federal Death Penalty Act 1994 signed by President Clinton, the number offences Puerto Ricans could be executed for increased tremendously, including several non death offences such as treason and drug trafficking in large quantities.Those seeking the abolition of the death penalty in Puerto Rico have repeatedly argued that the federal death penalty should not be applied in jurisdictions that do not have capital punishment statutes. In 2000, this argument was supported by a federal judge who ruled that the federal death penalty could not be sought against two defendants in Puerto Rico because the death penalty is “locally inapplicable”.This decision was reversed by the US 1st Circuit Court of Appeals in 2001 and the two defendant were tried under the federal death penalty. Two years later the defendants were acquitted.Obama and the death penalty In his capacity as senator in Illinois, Barack Obama lead a successful campaign to reduce the risk of prosecution misconduct by passing a law that requires the video taping of confessions in capital cases.Nonetheless, President Obama is officially for the death penalty. In the lead up to the presidential election, Obama stated during a live television debate that “we have to have this ultimate sanction for certain circumstances in which the entire community says this is beyond the pale, and I think it is important that we preserve that”.When asked if the PRCADP thought President Obama would act on the recommendations in the letter, spokesperson Campos Cruz replied;“Although we are aware of his previous positions on capital punishment, being a person awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize, makes him– at least in theory – a sensitive recipient of our requests. We know that given the current scenario in the US Congress it will be difficult to approve an amendment to the Federal Death Penalty Act to exclude the application of federal capital punishment in Puerto Rico. Nevertheless, there are administrative measures that can be adopted by President Obama to limit capital punishment”.He then added that the “PRCADP will continue to use any viable strategy to demand the end of federal capital punishment in Puerto Rico. Next June 20, our organization will present – for the fourth consecutive year – a brief of the application of federal death penalty in Puerto Rico before the UN’s Special Committee on Decolonization”.Interestingly, Puerto Ricans cannot vote in U.S. presidential elections despite the islanders being U.S. citizens. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2482] => Array ( [objectID] => 4717 [title] => Belize PM aims to amend constitution to resume executions [timestamp] => 1307577600 [date] => 09/06/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/belize-pm-aims-to-amend-constitution-to-resume-executions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/27929f57c7bff95ddcc7a29888eb9785_2.png [extrait] => The Government of the small Caribbean nation has recently introduced a Constitution Amendment Bill, which seeks to make it clear that the death penalty is not unconstitutional. [texte] => Under section 4(3) of the Belize Constitution (Eight Amendment) Bill, “…for the removal of doubts, the execution of a sentence of death referred to in subsection (2) shall not be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this or any other provision of the Constitution on any grounds whatsoever… »On Friday, May 13 the prime minister of Belize, Dean Oliver Barrow, introduced the legislation in the hope of preventing defense lawyers from successfully appealing death sentences on the basis of them being inhuman and degrading - which is prohibited under the nation’s current constitution.This bill is part of a broader legislation package which is seeking to clamp down on the high crime rates in the nation. PM Barrow introduced the package stating: “We will do what we believe we have to do for the protection of citizens in our society.”Privy Council rulings brought into doubtThis push by the PM comes after the Caribbean Court of Justice Act 2010, which renounced the Privy Council as the final Court of Appeal for criminal cases, replacing it by the Caribbean Court of Justice.This will bring into doubt the 1993 Privy Council decision in Pratt & Morgan v The Queen that held that individuals held under sentence of death for 5 years or longer have presumptively been subjected to inhuman treatment and must have their sentences commuted to life imprisonment.It is unknown whether the Caribbean Court of Justice will follow the Privy Council’s lead and restrict the application of the death penalty.The PM’s attempt to reintroduce executions is similar to what occurred in neighbouring Caribbean nation Trinidad and Tobago earlier this year. The twin island nation attempted to introduce a bill to limit a defendant’s time to finalise his or her appeals and as such circumvent the Pratt decision. The Bill was defeated in Parliament.For the Belize Constitution (Eight Amendment) Bill to pass through the House there must be at least a 90 day national consultation process.The last execution to take place in Belize was in 1985. There are very few individuals on death row. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belize [1] => Belize [2] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2483] => Array ( [objectID] => 4718 [title] => World Coalition AGM among largest abolitionist events in the Arab world [timestamp] => 1307318400 [date] => 06/06/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-agm-among-largest-abolitionist-events-in-the-arab-world/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/eafd028797a5dd3f96e2ab1a2b405f92_2-500x375.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has announced its June annual general assembly at a press conference in Rabat, Morocco. [texte] => The press conference was held at the Rabat Bar Association on May 25th at the invitation of the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty, which is also the host of the annual meeting that will take place on June 24-26 2011 in Rabat, Morocco.It will be one of the largest abolitionist gathering that ever took place in the Arab World and it comes at a moment in which the worldwide attention is focusing on a region that is going through important changes at a political and social level.The event was moderated by a Omar Benamar of Amnesty International Morocco and saw the participation of Abderrahim Jamai, senior lawyer and coordinator of the Moroccan Coalition, Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, executive secretary of the World Coalition, and Maria Donatelli, coordinator of the World Coalition. Jamai stressed the current situation in Morocco where the constitution is under review as a consequence of the Arab Spring and the protest of the “20 Février” movement. There is strong hope among local abolitionist actors that the abolition of the death penalty will be inscribed in the constitution.He also discussed the ratification of the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty, hoping that this would be one of the constitutional assembly’s recommendations to the government.After a presentation of the World Coalition by Chenuil-Hazan, Donatelli introduced the programme for the three-day conference that will take place at the Institut Supérieur de la Magistrature thanks to the invitation of the Moroccan Ministry of Justice.High-level personalitiesThe General Assembly will open on Friday June 24th with an official ceremony in the presence of high-level Moroccan and international personalities.As every year the World Coalition together with its host will organize a day of seminars and roundtables open to the public to raise awareness on the various aspects of the death penalty.The open sessions that will take place on June 25th will address two main issues: the death penalty in the Arab world and the inhumanity of the death penalty – the theme of the 2011 World Day against the death penalty.The general public will also have the chance to attend four different training sessions addressing new abolitionist tools.The final day of the conference will be restricted to World Coalition members, to discuss administrative and strategic issues. It will also be an opportunity for the World Coalition to offer its members training seminars as part of its mission to coordinate and strengthen abolitionist forces. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2484] => Array ( [objectID] => 4719 [title] => Former death row warden turns frontline abolitionist [timestamp] => 1307318400 [date] => 06/06/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/former-death-row-warden-turns-frontline-abolitionist/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/364902c41236d540a7e988f53486c942_2-500x333.jpg [extrait] => Jeanne Woodford, who used to oversee excutions in California, has become the executive director of the prominent anti-capital punishment organisation Death Penalty Focus. [texte] => Jeanne Woodford became the executive director of World Coalition member Death Penalty Focus (DPF) on May 12 2011. DPF is a US-based NGO in the USA dedicated to educating the public on the realities of the death penalty and its alternatives.Based in California, Ms. Woodford has spent 30 years in the realm of criminal justice, beginning as a correctional officer at San Quentin State Prison and rising to be its warden from 1999 until 2004. Woodford oversaw four executions during her time as warden."I never was in favour of the death penalty, but my experience at San Quentin allowed me to see it from all points of view. I had a duty to carry out, and I tried to do it with professionalism," she said.After Woodford’s stint as warden at California’s death row prison Governor Schwarzenegger appointed her as the Director of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation where she handled a multi-billion dollar budget and advocated for rehabilitation programs and a sentencing commission for California.She soon resigned from her post.“The greatest deterrent to crime is solving crime”Woodford said: “I thought that as we started having these huge budget deficits that it was a real opportune time to look at criminal justice in California and decide what is the cheapest and most effective way to achieve public safety, but it hasn’t materialized…I would hope we would get there as we begin to understand that for every inmate we put in prison that means that we have less teachers, that we have less police officers on the street. The greatest deterrent to crime is solving crime and so if you move your money out of incarceration and move it to prevention and solving crime, you really can improve public safety.”In an article published in the Los Angeles Times in 2008, Woodford wrote: “I wish the public knew how much the death penalty affects their wallets. California spends an additional $117 million each year pursuing the execution of those on death row. Just housing inmates on death row costs an additional $90,000 per prisoner per year above what it would cost to house them with the general prison population.”Founded in 1988, Death Penalty Focus is one of the largest non-profit advocacy organisations in the US dedicated to the abolition of capital punishment.Photo: DPF [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2485] => Array ( [objectID] => 4721 [title] => Pressure mounts on Lundbeck to halt supply of execution drugs [timestamp] => 1306454400 [date] => 27/05/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pressure-mounts-on-lundbeck-to-halt-supply-of-execution-drugs/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/12139fd53ac6c903fcca9bca53278b16_2-500x330.jpg [extrait] => Thanks to a campaign by Coalition Member Reprieve and others, Danish chemicals company Lundbeck is feeling the heat from all sides for selling execution drugs to US prisons. [texte] => The frantic efforts by American prisons to secure execution drugs reached a new peak last month when an Indian company, facing severe political pressure, said it would no longer supply the drugs.Rather than take the point from the international community, however, the prisons have now turned to animal euthanasia drugs as a solution, and this change in strategy led them directly to the door of Danish chemical supplier Lundbeck.We are not able to regulate the situationAfter several weeks of ignoring appeals from a campaign led by World Coalition member Reprieve, Lundbeck has already begun to see the consequences of its business choices.The company directors in Denmark had earlier claimed that “since the American part of our company is involved, we are not able to regulate the situation.”Investor concernThe feet-dragging did not convince Unipension, a major Danish pension fund, that the company was not implicated in the seven executions so far which have taken place using drugs from Lundbeck.Citing their “concern over the use of the drugs in U.S. executions”, the fund directors sold over $8 million in Lundbeck shares in May.ATP, Denmark’s largest pension fund and an important Lundbeck shareholder, has equally asked for “clarification” of the company’s policies in the United States.As Reprieve activist Maya Foa put it, “now that they are being hit in the pocket, they will get the message that they cannot continue to dodge this issue”.Risk of severe pain and sufferingThis progress certainly owes a good deal of thanks to the efforts of Reprieve and others to up the political and economic pressure on Lundbeck.From a human rights standpoint, there are many unanswered questions as well. The drug, marketed as an animal euthanasia drug, has never been tested on humans for the purpose, and one doctor commented that the drug “may well put inmates at risk of severe pain and suffering.”As the campaign gathers momentum, Lundbeck may find itself under pressure from the political front as well. Reprieve’s efforts have also targeted policymakers in Europe and in the UK, in an effort to create some legal consequences for Lundbeck’s “refusal to adopt any means to prevent their drugs being used for executions in the United States,” as stated in a Reprieve press release.According to Reprieve, twelve American prisoners have already been executed using the Danish company’s drugs. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Denmark ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2486] => Array ( [objectID] => 4722 [title] => World Coalition member in Bahrain fights for the lives of protestors [timestamp] => 1306281600 [date] => 25/05/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-member-in-bahrain-fights-for-the-lives-of-protestors/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Nabeel Rajab, President of the Bahrain Center for Human Rights, keeps up the fight for two protestors condemned to death despite attempts at intimidation. [texte] => The brutality of the Bahraini government’s response to several weeks of protests earlier this year had drawn criticism from many. Yet the story faded out of the news rather quickly.However, the government’s announcement a few weeks ago that it planned to execute four young men who had taken part in the protests has thrown the story back into the headlines, with strong objections from both the European Union and United Nations.A human rights crisisAt the heart of the campaign to save the condemned protestors has been World Coalition member the Bahrain Center for Human Rights. Working in cooperation with Amnesty International and other organizations, the Bahrain Center has succeeded in bringing global attention to the case of the two condemned protestors, and to the persecution of the Bahraini protestors in general.Malcolm Smart, director for the Middle East and North Africa at Amnesty International - another World Coalition member - noted in a press statement that “to execute these men would be an irrevocable step and would plunge Bahrain into an even deeper human rights crisis.”"Some frightening moments"The Bahrain Center’s president, Nabeel Rajab, who is also deputy secretary of FIDH, has also faced a number of violent attempts at intimidation in the last few weeks.He was arrested and beaten in March during the government’s crackdown on the protests. His house was also attacked during the night a few days ago.“We’ve had some frightening moments,” said Rajab following the latest of these. “What is going on here are clearly attempts to get me to stop my human rights campaigns.” An important part of those campaigns has been the use of new technology to spread the message of the human rights situation in Bahrain. Speaking in a webcast interview this week about the pending executions, he said: “As you know, those people didn't have access to lawyers, didn't have enough access to their families. All of them were tortured to get a forced confession and, as you know, at least one of the defendants was tortured to death.”In this way, Rajab has been able to get his message out despite often severe political repression in Bahrain."An obstacle to reconciliation"The courageous efforts of Rajab and others are beginning to have some success, following several weeks of total media silence on the issue. Baroness Ashton, the EU’s Foreign Affairs chief, has publicly denounced the pending executions as “an obstacle to reconciliation”, and the Swedish Foreign Minister has called them “unacceptable”.Even a reluctant United States has begun to bend, with the State Department calling on the Bahraini government to “respect its obligations to universal human rights.”As the possible executions of the two condemned protestors becomes more and more critical, it may well be the efforts of Rajab, Amnesty International and related groups that will help decide the outcome. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2487] => Array ( [objectID] => 4723 [title] => The new Tunisia and the death penalty [timestamp] => 1305504000 [date] => 16/05/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-new-tunisia-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The revolution in Tunisia and the resulting changes in the political landscape may offer unprecedented new opportunities for abolitionist organizations [texte] => “In my entire life, I’ve never heard a debate or a discussion about the death penalty,” said Rabia, a teacher in a local school in downtown Tunis. “In general, I would say I support the death penalty for certain crimes, and certainly for some of the worst people in the old Ben Ali government.”Rabia's point of view is typical of post-revolution Tunisia, according to Lotfi Azouz, director of the Tunisian section of Amnesty International. “Following a revolution like the one we’ve just had, there is a great desire for revenge, and for justice,“ said Azouz. “People want to see those who were responsible held accountable for their actions. The death penalty is the traditional way to address this public anger.”A movement still looking for directionWhile many activists, such as journalist Sihem Bensedrine, of World Coalition member CNLT in Tunis, are focusing their energy on what she calls an “unprecedented opportunity for political change presented by the revolution”, Azouz also noted the potential for new campaigns against the death penalty.“We are seeing a real opportunity at the moment to enlarge our support base in the country, and to increase our lobbying efforts in the government,” explained Azouz.An abolition bill introduced in 2008 received very little support outside of the representatives who were supporters of Amnesty. “There is a chance to raise awareness in the Tunisian public for the first time in 30 years, about a whole range of subjects, among them the death penalty.”The government in transition“The current interim government has little power to change the laws in Tunisia,” noted Bensedrine, “but we can do much to increase public knowledge about the possibility for real change, and to create a political conscience among Tunisians.”And this new political openness is one of the most astonishing features of Tunisia after the revolution. “Even though many of the old regime are still in power,” said Rabia, “now we can talk. Before, you always looked over your shoulder when you said anything. Now you can say what you like.”A stressful timeIn a country just coming out of 30 years of dictatorship and repression of political freedoms, this willingness to talk may be the most important asset for human rights organizations in general, and abolitionists in particular.“This is a very stressful time for us,” said Rachid, a professor of Fine Arts in Tunis. “We feel we have so much opportunity to change so many things, and yet so much risk of changing nothing at all.” This sentiment is being re-echoed everywhere in the country. “We absolutely must re-dynamise the people of Tunisia,” said Lotfi Azouz. “We must make them feel that there is something they can change, that they can have a say in.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2488] => Array ( [objectID] => 4724 [title] => African human rights body targets death penalty [timestamp] => 1305504000 [date] => 16/05/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/african-human-rights-body-targets-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/efbdd53390941e08fef750d477a1a660_2-500x375.jpg [extrait] => The abolition of the capital punishment figured prominently at the 49th session of the African Commission of Human and People’s Rights. [texte] => “Capital punishment is cruel and therefore unjustifiable, unnecessary, irreversible, illogical; and represents a most grave violation of fundamental human rights in particular the right to life under Article 4 of the African Charter.”This is how Commissioner Zainabou Sylvie Kayitesi, of the African Commission of Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR), described the death penalty in her report to the 49th session of the African rights body, which took place in Banul between 28 April and 12 May 2011.Kayitesi, who chairs the Commission’s working group on the death penalty, called on the countries that still carry out executions to observe a moratorium in line with United Nations and ACHPR resolutions. She also called on the ACHPR to take measures to abolish the death penalty.Botswana, Equatorial Guinea, Somalia and Sudan executed prisoners in 2010.Political will vs. public opinionA dialogue with several retentionist countries helped further the debate on abolition in Africa, where where capital punishment was abandoned in 16 countries. 20 others have not carried out executions in more than 10 years.Kenyan representatives argued that public opinion was against abolition because of high crime rates, but Kayitesi replied that many countries had abolished capital punishment without support from public opinion, thanks to their leaders’ political will.Algerian representatives inisisted that although the death penalty is still legal in their country, it has not been used since 1995 and they were confident that it could be abolished soon.In a joint presentation, World Coalition members FIACAT, FHRI and PRI highlighted the case of the Democratic Republic of Congo, where parliament recently defeated an abolition bill despite assurances from the government that the country’s constitution had banned the death penalty.“The undersigned organisations urge the Democratic Republic of the Congo to clarify its position regarding the death penalty and to implement a moratorium on sentencing people to death,” they said.“Double play” in MauritaniaThe Mauritanian Coalition Against the Death Penalty denounced the “double play” of Mauritanian authorities, whereby the courts hand down growing numbers of death sentences in application of what they see as Islamic law while the government, which claims to be abolitionist, makes sure the sentences are not enforced.On 4 May, the World Coalition and its member organizations held an open session on the margin of the ACHPR meeting.To host the open session, Commissioner Kayitesi was joined by Asunta Vivo Cavaller, of the International Commission Against the Death Penalty, who offered to work in partnership with ACHPR, and Flavien Zoma of FIACAT.Zoma, who is from Burkina Faso, detailed figures pointing to a reduction in the use of the death penalty in West Africa, whether through abolition, moratorium or a reduction in the number of capital crimes. However, he warned against obstacles to full abolition in several West African countries, especially based on religious grounds.Photo (from left): Moussa Almoustapha, SYNAFEN (Niger's Union of Training and Education Workers); Mahmoud Mbareck El Hacene, Mauritianian Coalition Against the Death Penalty; Commissioner Zainabou Sylvie Kayitesi, African Commission of Human and People’s Rights [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria [1] => Botswana [2] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [3] => Equatorial Guinea [4] => Mauritania [5] => Somalia [6] => Sudan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2489] => Array ( [objectID] => 18496 [title] => Prison Conditions in Jamaica [timestamp] => 1303171200 [date] => 19/04/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/prison-conditions-in-jamaica/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In criminal justice matters, Jamaica has been rightly praised for its de-facto abolitionist stance on the death penalty: nobody has been executed on the island since 1988. However, the alternative to death is imprisonment. For many years, NGOs, the UN Human Rights Committee, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and various independent and internal reports have expressed serious concern about the conditions in which Jamaica detains its prisoners. [texte] => Prison Conditions in JamaicaA Report based on James Robottom’s visit in August 2009ContentsPreface by Dr. Lloyd Barnett OJ..................................................................................................................iiiChairman, Independent Jamaican Council for Human RightsForeword by Saul Lehrfreund MBE and Parvais Jabbar.................................................................vExecutive Directors, The Death Penalty ProjectOverview by Tim Owen QC and Alison Macdonald......................................................................1Observation Report by James RobottomPart 1: Introduction...............................................................................................................................9Part 2: St Catherine Adult Correctional Centre and Tower Street Adult Correctional Centre ................................................................................ 17Part 3: Horizon Adult Remand Centre................................................................................... 43Part 4: Conclusions............................................................................................................................. 53Perspective by Baroness Vivien Stern CBE......................................................................................... 60Prison Expert© 2011 The authors All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the authors.Printed in Great Britain by Stones the Printers Ltd, Banbury Copies of this report may be obtained from:The Death Penalty Project 8/9 Frith Street Soho London W1D 3JBiiiPrefaceAlthough I had been brought face to face with the horrible conditions in our penal institutions by reason of having chaired the Commission of Enquiry into the St. Catherine District Prison in 1974 this detailed report on the existing conditions in our two major correctional institutions has evoked distress, disappointment and shame.Tim Owen QC and Alison McDonald have produced an excellent overview which is obviously authenticated by James Robottom’s detailed observation and careful analysis, although they were understandably unable to conceal the shock they experienced. This Report should be read and re-read by Jamaicans in general but more particularly by the Prime Minister, Ministers responsible for the correctional services and youth, by judges and magistrates, by the leaders of the Church and Bar.Jamaica has been in the forefront of the fight for freedom and the recognition of the inherent dignity of each human being. We have acceded to major international human rights conventions. We have sought to portray an image of warm brotherhood and sisterhood. Yet in a new century and at our very doorstep, there is callous inhumaneness and indifference.Although our experience is that disclosures of this type have not succeeded in inducing meaningful reforms, one still ventures to hope that the authorities will be shamed into reaction and action.Dr Lloyd G. Barnett OJChairman, Independent Jamaican Council for Human RightsvForewordJamaican Penal Institutions house anyone unfortunate enough to be caught up in the criminal justice system – the guilty, the innocent and those suffering from mental illness. On any view, the conditions described in James Robottom’s carefully written report are sub-standard and breach both Jamaican and international legal requirements and the challenge for the executive, legislature and judiciary is to face up to this reality. In their overview, Tim Owen QC and Alison Macdonald conclude that “a system of independent monitoring of prisons is now an urgent priority”, and few readers of this publication will be able to dissent from this recommendation. The Constitution of Jamaica is an affirmation by the people of Jamaica that their nation should be founded upon principles which acknowledge faith in human rights and fundamental freedoms, the dignity of human beings and the equal and inalienable rights with which all human beings are endowed. The Constitution expressly prohibits inhuman and degrading treatment and punishment and James Robottom’s account of his findings inevitably leads to the conclusion that prison conditions in Jamaica are unconstitutional and fall way short of recognised and accepted minimum standards for the treatment of prisoners. We sincerely hope that this report will add a little more weight to the constitutional recognition that the rights it proclaims are afforded to everyperson in Jamaica including those lawfully detained in Jamaica’s penal institutions. The time has surely come for some positive action. We would like to thank James Robottom for his dedication and perseverance in producing such an insightful account of prison conditions in Jamaica. Based on his stark findings, concrete measures should now be taken to ensure that Jamaica’s penal system complies with domestic and international standards governing the treatment of prisoners. We would also like to thank Tim Owen QC and Alison Macdonald, prison law experts, for their contextual overview. We hope that their constructive recommendations for change will act as an indispensible guide to legislators and penal reformers who urgently need to consider the state of Jamaican prison conditions in light of contemporary human rights standards. We would also like to express our thanks to Dr Lloyd Barnett and Nancy Anderson of the Independent Jamaica Council for Human Rights for their support and excellent advice on this project. Finally, we would like to thank Baroness Vivien Stern for adding her perspective to the report. It is shocking that little has changed since she visited the prison over 20 years ago. Saul Lehrfreund MBE and Parvais JabbarExecutive DirectorsThe Death Penalty ProjectJuly 2011overviewby Tim Owen QC and Alison MacdonaldMatrix Chambers2Report on Prison Conditions in Jamaica3In criminal justice matters, Jamaica has been rightly praised for its de-facto abolitionist stance on the death penalty: nobody has been executed on the island since 1988. However, the alternative to death is imprisonment. For many years, NGOs, the UN Human Rights Committee, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and various independent and internal reports have expressed serious concern about the conditions in which Jamaica detains its prisoners. Through general human rights treaties such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and regional treaties such as the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights, the international community has laid down basic standards of treatment which must be accorded to all. Over the years these have been supplemented by instruments directly concerned with prisons, including the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (1957), the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment (1988), The Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners (1990) and The Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (1985). There are also a number of instruments which relate specifically to medical and disciplinary staff working in prisons. These instruments have been developed by the international community as a whole. They represent the basic human values which must be maintained in any decent system of imprisonment, and set out the very minimum standards which any prison regime must meet. Most fundamentally, Article 10 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights states that ‘All persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person.’ Of course, a State should treat all persons, in prison and outside, with humanity and respect. However, a special obligation arises when the State chooses to deprive individuals of their liberty. Such people become dependent on the State for every aspect of their lives. They are deprived of the opportunity to provide the necessities of life for themselves: their access to food, to bedding, clothing, medical care, exercise, even fresh air and light is entirely dependent on the prison regime in which they find themselves. Whether or not they will live in a way which respects ‘the inherent dignity of the human person’ is almost entirely dependent on whether the State which imprisons them is committed to protecting this dignity. Jamaica is a signatory to the major human rights conventions, and has committed to be bound by the standards and values which they embody. However, over the years the Inter-American Commission and the UN Human Rights Committee have found Jamaica to have violated basic prisoners’ rights on numerous occasions. A series of cases before these bodies contain consistent and repeated findings of squalid physical conditions, sterile regimes, violence, poor or nonexistent medical care, and a lack of any decent or purposeful way for Jamaican prisoners to spend their days. These cases give a disturbing glimpse into prison life in Jamaica. However, an international body’s review of an individual prisoner’s case cannot provide a systematic overview of a country’s prison system, or a path towards improvement. As we discuss below, a system of detailed and regular prison inspections has a vital part to play in ensuring that international standards are met. In the United Kingdom, for example, Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Prisons has published many highly critical reports, coupled with detailed programmes of reform, which have led to significant improvements in the lives of prisoners detained in previously failing prisons. No State’s prisons are immune to criticism: the European Court of Human Rights has found most of the parties to the Convention to have breached prisoners’ rights in various respects, including through [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jamaica ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/prison-conditions-in-jamaica-2011.pdf ) [2490] => Array ( [objectID] => 4726 [title] => Country-by-country death penalty data now available [timestamp] => 1303171200 [date] => 19/04/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/country-by-country-death-penalty-data-now-available/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A new statistic and legal database designed by Northwestern University in partnership with the World Coalition offers a unique view of the use of capital punishment in more than 90 states. [texte] => The Center for International Human Rights at Northwestern University School of Law (Chicago, USA) and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty have launched an international database on the practice and laws of retentionist states.This new and unique resource will enhance the general understanding of the application of the death penalty and prospects for abolition.Data from 90 states and 2 territories have been compiled by an international team of researchers. The database includes statistics, information on penal laws, criminal procedure, death row conditions and political developments.It is now available on line at www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org.Invaluable resourceThe data is publicly accessible and searchable, and will provide an invaluable resource for policymakers, lawyers, courts, activists, scholars and the media searching for information on the use of the death penalty.“We found that in the vast majority of retentionist states, there is a lively and serious debate about the merits of abolition. Many governments that were previously committed to continuing a practice of state-sponsored executions have encouraged legislative committees or other bodies to consider the merits of abolishing the death penalty – or, at a minimum, to narrowing the scope of its application,” said Sandra Babcock, Clinical Professor at Northwestern University Law School.The database was launched on 14 April 2011 at the Council of Europe (photo above) and will be presented at the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights in the Gambia, at the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva, and at the World Coalition's annual general meeting in Morocco. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2491] => Array ( [objectID] => 4727 [title] => Pressured Indian firm stops exporting lethal drugs [timestamp] => 1302220800 [date] => 08/04/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pressured-indian-firm-stops-exporting-lethal-drugs/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The decision of Kayem to stop supplying the US with execution drugs may well have been influenced by a campaign organized by World Coalition member Reprieve. [texte] => After nearly a year of looking all over the world for thiopental sodium, a drug currently used to carry out executions in the USA, it seemed the Departments of Justice of several American states had found their source : Kayem Pharmaceuticals in Mumbai.Orders were successfully delivered to Nebraska and South Dakota by the Indian company before London-based World Coalition member organisation Reprieve got wind of the story and jumped into action.Reprieve’s direct action campaign gets resultsA letter from Reprieve director Clive Stafford Smith apparently alerted Kayem’s business manager to what the drug was being used for in the United States.The drug also has uses for anaesthesia, and Smith’s letter to Kayem offered that the company “had perhaps believed the drugs were going to be used only to help treat prisoners, not to kill them”.Following the announcement of a large press conference on the subject, also organized by Reprieve, and an audit by the Indian government, Kayem announced that they would no longer be selling the drug to the USA.“In view of the sensitivity involved…”A statement on Kayem’s website on April 8 read : “In view of the sensitivity involved… we voluntarily declare that we as an Indian Pharma Dealer who cherishes the Ethos of Hinduism (A belief in even in non-living things as the creation of God) refrain ourselves from selling this drug where the purpose is purely for Lethal Injection.”In response to the announcement, Reprieve called Kayem’s decision “excellent”, and urged all pharmaceutical companies worldwide to do the same and refuse to sell execution drugs to the United States.US states seeking out other possibilitiesAs state governments in the US scramble to find alternatives, the spotlight has already fallen upon a Danish company, Lundbeck, who is the only current supplier of a related drug also used for executions.According to Reprieve investigator Mia Foa, “Lundbeck has now effectively elected to become the primary supplier of drugs for US executions”.Aware of the use of its drugs in the US, Lundbeck will face increasing pressure in the coming months from Reprieve and other groups to halt its sales.These groups will thus put pressure on the US to rethink its death penalty system as a whole. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2492] => Array ( [objectID] => 4728 [title] => Will Arab revolutions bring new hope for abolition? [timestamp] => 1301875200 [date] => 04/04/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/will-arab-revolutions-bring-new-hope-for-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6b0883804878647d19911ab5ce4cdc2e_2-500x375.jpg [extrait] => The winds of change have brought fresh air to the abolitionist cause in countries throughout the Middle East and North Africa, with new faces in power reigniting a stalled debate. [texte] => Many Arab nations have abstained from using the death penalty for years or even decades. Yet the possibility of official abolition in most of those countries seemed far-fetched, if not fanciful.Although it also strongly discourages the death penalty and encourages other means of resolution, the Koran does sanction the practice in certain cases. This has been the backbone of retentionist argument throughout the Arab world.Hope and frustration for Arab abolitionistsThere were some hopes a few years ago that abolition might gain traction in the Arab world.The governments of Jordan and Syria made noises about considering abolition, or at least limiting the use of the death penalty. Morocco, Algeria and Lebanon all went as far as debating abolition bills in their parliaments.But all three of the bills ultimately failed due to religious opposition and fears of encouraging terrorism. “The fight against terrorism renders it necessary to maintain the death penalty,” commented an Algerian official in 2009.Countries that were abolitionist in practice have also slid back into their former habits, according to the Arab Observatory on the Death Penalty. Mauritania executed several Al Qaeida operatives in 2010, and fears of Israeli spying have stoked the public’s enthusiasm for executions in Lebanon.“Lebanon has legitimate security concerns but resuming executions is wrong and will not make the country safer,” commented Nadim Houry, Beirut director at Human Rights Watch.Further, the Arab Charter on Human Rights, ratified by Arab nations in 2008, still permitted child executions in certain situations. This led the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour to issue a statement that the UN “does not endorse these inconsistencies”.As of January 2011, the only fully abolitionist Arab territories were Djibouti and the Western Sahara, which is not officially independent.Political waves bring new faces on the sceneBut with the revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt, and important social movements in several other Arab states, the debate about the death penalty may well get a fresh look from a new set of faces.Following the departure of President Ben Ali, rumours began to surface in February of this year that Tunisia would sign all the current conventions on human rights, including the Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty. No official steps have so far been taken, but it may indicate that the new government is ready for a serious change in course on the question.Egypt, one of the Arab world’s most frequent users of the death penalty, has just overwhelmingly passed a referendum limiting presidential powers, and will soon have its first meaningful elections in 30 years.Several possible presidential candidates, among them Mohammed Al Baradei and Amr Moussa, have strong records defending human rights.However, the Egyptian government’s recent retreat from UN General Assembly resolution 65/206 calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty indicates there is still a long way to go.The long-term effects of these social movements are hard to predict, but at the very least, they may well open up the way for dialogue and debate over human rights issues such as the death penalty.Governments in Algeria, Yemen, Syria and elsewhere are facing huge pressure to lift their decade-long states of emergency, which have stifled freedom of speech for generations of Arabs.An opening up of the political space could at the least give abolitionist groups the chance to present their ideas and see them debated openly and without fear of reprisal.Photo: Essam Sharaf [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria [1] => Egypt [2] => Lebanon [3] => Mauritania [4] => Morocco [5] => Syrian Arab Republic [6] => Tunisia [7] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion [2] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2493] => Array ( [objectID] => 4729 [title] => Amnesty 2010 stats: retentionist countries increasingly isolated [timestamp] => 1301270400 [date] => 28/03/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/amnesty-2010-stats-retentionist-countries-increasingly-isolated/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/39343252956cf84616a3ca0653cc21f3_2-500x280.jpg [extrait] => Countries which continue to use the death penalty are being left increasingly isolated following a decade of progress towards abolition, Amnesty International has said in its new report Death Sentences and Executions in 2010. [texte] => A total of 31 countries abolished the death penalty in law or in practice during the last 10 years but China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the USA and Yemen remain amongst the most frequent executioners, some in direct contradiction of international human rights law.The total number of executions officially recorded by Amnesty International in 2010 went down from at least 714 people in 2009 to at least 527 in 2010, excluding China.China is believed to have executed thousands in 2010 but continues to maintain its secrecy over its use of the death penalty.“The minority of states that continue to systematically use the death penalty were responsible for thousands of executions in 2010, defying the global anti-death penalty trend,” said Salil Shetty, Amnesty International’s Secretary General.“While executions may be on the decline, a number of countries continue to pass death sentences for drug-related offences, economic crimes, sexual relations between consenting adults and blasphemy, violating international human rights law forbidding the use of the death penalty except for the most serious crimes,” said Salil Shetty.Most executions in Asia and the Middle EastTwo regions are responsible for most executions worldwide: Asia and the Middle East.China used the death penalty in 2010 against thousands of people for a wide range of crimes that include non-violent offences and after proceedings that did not meet international fair trial standards.A significant proportion of the executions or death sentences recorded in 2010 in China, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Laos, Libya, Malaysia, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Yemen were for drug-related offences.Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates ignored international prohibitions in 2010 and imposed death sentences on individuals that were below 18 years of age when the crimes were committed.Progress despite setbacksAmnesty International’s report highlights a number of setbacks during 2010 when six other countries and territories carried out executions after a hiatus and one country expanded the scope of the death penalty.“In spite of some set backs, developments in 2010 brought us closer to global abolition. The President of Mongolia announced a moratorium on the death penalty, an important first step as capital punishment is still classified as state secret. For the third time and with more support than ever before, the UN General Assembly called for a global moratorium on executions” said Salil Shetty.Since 2003, less than half of retentionist countries have carried out executions. Less than a third were known to have executed prisoners every year over the last four years.“Any country that continues to execute is flying in the face of the fact that both human rights law and UN human rights bodies consistently hold that abolition should be the objective.”“A world free of the death penalty is not only possible, it is inevitable,” said Salil Shetty. “The question is how long will it take?”Download the report (PDF - 658 KB)View Amnesty International's graphics [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Egypt [2] => Indonesia [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [5] => Libya [6] => Malaysia [7] => Pakistan [8] => Sudan [9] => Thailand [10] => United Arab Emirates [11] => United States [12] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Juveniles [3] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2494] => Array ( [objectID] => 4730 [title] => The future of the death penalty in the United States [timestamp] => 1301184000 [date] => 27/03/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-future-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Governor Pat Quinn’s signing abolition into law last week in Illinois has reopened the debate on the death penalty throughout the country. Several states are currently considering abolition. [texte] => The debate over the death penalty has a long history in the United States, and it is a highly contentious and emotional issue.Since its national abolition in 1972 and its reinstatement four years later, the number of executions at first increased up until the late 1990s, only to fall off again considerably in the following decade.In fact, a nationwide poll in 2010 revealed that over two thirds of American voters would not hold a vote to abolish the death penalty against their local or national representative.If the tide is turning against the death penalty in the United States, it is probably due to a combination of several factors, among them an increasing public awareness about the death penalty, in terms of flaws and of cost, and a feeling that other forms of punishment are perhaps preferable.The recent fiasco concerning the possibly illegal importation of lethal injection drugs has also stoked public misgivings over the death penalty in general.Yet the death penalty issue in the US must be considered on a state-by-state basis, as most legislation concerning capital punishment is enacted at that level.Kansas: An abolition bill was emotionally debated in the state senate in 2010 and finished in a 20-20 deadlock. A new bill is currently on the table in the state House of Representatives. The state has not held an execution since 1976, and the abolition movement, led by the Kansas Coalition Against the Death Penalty, has broad support among both political parties.New Hampshire: Although New Hampshire’s congress passed a bill to abolish the death penalty in 2000, it was vetoed by the governor. The current governor has vowed to veto any abolition legislation, although the state currently has no one on death row, and does not have any execution facilities.Connecticut: Although a recent poll showed that 67% of voters in Connecticut support the death penalty, a bill will shortly be open for debate and seems to have a good chance of passing. Responding to the poll, Ben Jones, executive director of the Connecticut Network to Abolish the Death Penalty, said: “In these kinds of polls, when people are given the option of life without parole, support for capital punishment drops dramatically.”Montana: Despite a sustained campaign by the Montana Abolition Coalition, the most recent of several recent abolition bills failed on March 19th, in a vote of 7-13.Maryland: After narrowly failing two years ago, abolitionists have relaunched their campaign in 2011 with what seems to be fairly strong support from lawmakers. In addition, the governor has said he would sign abolition legislation were it to pass.Nebraska: Last week, the state’s Judiciary Committee voted to open an abolition bill for debate, although the debate may not be taken up until next year. Nebraskans Against the Death Penalty has been active in launching and gaining support for the new bill.Texas: Although Texas has been by far the most prolific user of the death penalty since its reinstatement in 1976, with over 400 executions, a bill for abolition has been launched and will hear testimony next week. Executive director of the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, Kristin Houlé, said: “We urge all elected officials to take a good hard look at the death penalty system and ask whether this is a good use of tax payers’ dollars when there are alternative ways to protect society and punish those who are truly guilty.”Ohio: Although the Ohio governor is a supporter of the death penalty, there is increasingly broad support for an abolition bill currently being debated in the House of Representatives. Ohioans to Stop Executions and others are leading the campaign to support the new bill. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2495] => Array ( [objectID] => 4731 [title] => An uncertain future for the infamous San Quentin prison [timestamp] => 1301097600 [date] => 26/03/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/an-uncertain-future-for-the-infamous-san-quentin-prison/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6f4c9551a2849e2637b362370e042016_2-500x323.jpg [extrait] => The death row facility of California at San Quentin finds itself at the center of a fierce debate over the future of a hugely expensive and increasingly unpopular death penalty system. [texte] => Just across the bay from the iconic city of San Francisco, famous for music, the peace movement and liberal values, looms the equally iconic San Quentin State Prison, which houses over 5,000 prisoners.San Quentin has one of the largest death rows in the world. The ongoing debate over the future of the death penalty in the state has brought the spotlight onto this dark corner of California, which many locals would prefer was left to its darkness.Although 66% of Californians still support the death penalty, according to a 2009 poll done by the University of California, that figure is down markedly from 79% in 1989. Only 26% supported capital punishment if a viable alternative sentence was offered."There is a higher level of accurate understanding today that life in prison without the possibility of parole is the real alternative to the death penalty under California law," said Prof. Craig Haney, who carried out the study.Abolition in Illinois makes wavesIn the wake of the decision of Illinois Governor Pat Quinn to abolish the death penalty in his state, the debate over abolition in California has started to boil.The ethical critique of the death penalty system has been around for years, and is led by, among others, World Coalition member Death Penalty Focus, a nationwide organization based in San Francisco. Mike Farrell, the organization’s president, commented in a recent interview: "I believe we are moving now, ever more rapidly, to a point where abolition is inevitable."Huge costs of an outdated systemAccording to the poll, however, the two main reasons for the slide in support for capital punishment seem to be increased awareness of the fallibility of the system, and, even more importantly, its cost.During the fallout of the banking crisis a few years ago, the $400 million project for refurbishing San Quentin’s crumbling death row generated much publicity, and much interrogation. The average prisoner on San Quentin’s death row has been waiting there for 24 years, and the costs involved in keeping them there are astronomical – an estimated total of $1 billion over the next five years.As a result, the abolition debate in California is getting more attention now than it has since the 1970s. The $140 million cost of a new execution facility, that has yet to be used due to a court injunction, has been frequently in the media. An editorial in the Los Angeles Times last week clamouring that “California should be the next [to abolish the death penalty]” generated a good amount of controversy.So what is the future of the death penalty in California? It’s difficult to say for sure, but with costs at San Quentin spiralling out of control, and budgets in the state being cut to the quick, the future of its death penalty system seems as uncertain as any abolitionist could hope for. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2496] => Array ( [objectID] => 4732 [title] => Taiwan abolitionists remind their government of its promise [timestamp] => 1299974400 [date] => 13/03/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/taiwan-abolitionists-remind-their-government-of-its-promise/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => After fresh executions, the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty has been campaigning to save the lives of five condemned prisoners, recalling the government to its commitments to human rights. [texte] => On March 1, 2011, the Taiwanese Ministry of Justice announced that there “may be an opportunity this month” to carry out executions of condemned prisoners who do not “currently have applications for appeal, retrial or judicial review.”Just a few days later, which was the earliest possible date, five Taiwanese prisoners were executed without any advance notification to them, their families or any human rights groups that might have come to their defence.These events elicited a strong response from World Coalition member the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP). Immediately following the Minister of Justice’s announcement on March 1st, TAEDP had issued a public statement citing Taiwan’s legal commitments to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which stipulate that “the government may not currently proceed with executions, as procedures have not yet been set up for seeking pardons.”The statement also pointed out President Ma Ying-jeou’s promise to “reduce the use of the death penalty and wait until the public has reached a consensus to end it”, as well as his assurance that “the government will work to reduce the application of the death penalty”.“Anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to seek pardon or commutation of the sentence”On the eve of the executions, TAEDP held a candlelight vigil outside the Ministry of Justice, to protest the Ministry’s intention to kill the five condemned prisoners. In addition, it issued a second public statement, challenging in strong terms the legality of the executions.The statement reiterated the phrase “anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to seek pardon or commutation of the sentence” in the ICCPR as a part of Taiwan’s legal responsibility on both national and international levels.“Procedures have not yet been set up for seeking pardons,” the statement continued. “There is no justification for ‘speeding up’ executions before this very consequential problem with our justice system has been resolved.”Journalists informed, but prisoners and their families kept in the darkOn the day of the executions, the condemned were not informed about their impeding execution, and their families and lawyers were not permitted to visit. On the other hand, several newspapers were notified, and it was their articles which alerted TAEDP to the gravity of the situation.TAEDP noted the government’s promise of “extreme care to ensure prisoners’ rights”, while it unilaterally changed prison conditions for death row inmates to restrict their letter-writing rights and visits from family members.“Where is the justice in denying the families [of the condemned] a final chance to see their loved one?” protested Lin Hsin-Yi, executive director of TAEDP. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2497] => Array ( [objectID] => 4733 [title] => Illinois embraces “a culture of life” and outlaws the death penalty [timestamp] => 1299801600 [date] => 11/03/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/illinois-embraces-a-culture-of-life-and-outlaws-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => After nearly two months of fierce lobbying on both sides, Illinois Governor Pat Quinn abolishes the death penalty in the state and commutes all current death sentences to life in prison. [texte] => “The historic moment has arrived!” These jubilant words from the website of World Coalition collaborator Illinois Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty echo the feelings of the entire abolitionist community, following the news that the state of Illinois has become the 16th US state to outlaw the death penalty.Although the Illinois legislature approved the abolition bill nearly two months ago, Governor Quinn had been undecided, hearing the arguments of both pro- and anti-death penalty supporters. There was intense lobbying from the two sides, with well-known national and international figures working alongside the tireless abolition campaigns of the Illinois Coalition and others. The bill, which also commuted 15 death sentences to life in prison, was finally signed into law by the governor on March 9, 2011, just one week before it was due to expire.“A difficult decision, the choice between life and death”“This was not a decision to be made lightly, or a decision I came to without deep personal reflection,” said Governor Quinn at the signing ceremony. Like his predecessor, former Governor George Ryan, Governor Quinn has stated that he supports the death penalty for the “worst crimes”, although both he and Ryan came to the conclusion that the Illinois death penalty system was “arbitrary, capricious and immoral.”After a detailed two-year study showing significant errors, prejudices and discrepancies in the system, Governor Ryan had imposed a moratorium on the death penalty in the state which has lasted until the present. At his departure in 2003, he emptied the Illinois state death row, commuting over 100 sentences to life imprisonment.“We are making a dent!”The campaigns of the Illinois Coalition and other groups were a key factor in the governor’s decision – on the Illinois Coalition site was posted: “We are making a dent! The governor has received around 700 calls in favor of the death penalty… and around 12,000 in favor of abolition!”Click here to watch a video interview on the Illinois Coalition's campaignAmong the callers in favor of abolition were South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, actor Martin Sheen, and other national and international public figures.Illinois Senator Kwame Raoul, another key figure in the abolition campaign, said that “Illinois has joined the world of civilization, putting an end to the suppression of innocent lives”.“A turning point”Shari Silverstein, executive director of World Coalition member Equal Justice, called the law “a turning point. Today sends a message that, after all that effort, the ultimate conclusion of Illinois’ law makers was that [a death penalty system] cannot work.” Silverstein also pointed out that “Illinois is the first state to do something positive with the funds that were being wasted on the death penalty – by giving it to public safety and victims’ programs.”Illinois becomes the fourth US state in four years to abolish the death penalty, and there seem to be several other states ready to follow suit. Ohio Supreme Court Justice Paul Pheifer noted that “it's time for Ohio to at least entertain the discussion of whether or not we are well served by having a death penalty.”Maryland, Montana, Connecticut, Kansas and Florida have also been indicating recently that they are seriously considering the idea of legal abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2498] => Array ( [objectID] => 4734 [title] => Trinidad and Tobago narrowly avoids resumption of executions [timestamp] => 1299542400 [date] => 08/03/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/trinidad-and-tobago-narrowly-avoids-resumption-of-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A bill which aimed to facilitate executions in the Caribbean nation was defeated in Parliament on February 28. [texte] => Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar introduced the Constitutional (Amendment) (Capital Offences) Bill, 2011 claiming that if enacted, it would reduce the number of violent crimes in the country. The defeated bill sought to place limits on the time an appellant has to finalise his or her appeal.There were 29 votes in its favour and 11 against, falling two votes short of the three-fourths majority (31) required to pass it. The bill can be reintroduced into the House of Representatives in six months’ time.A report on a survey conducted by the Death Penalty Project and the Rights Advocacy Project of the University of the West Indies Faculty of Law showed that there is a high level of general support for the death penalty but only 35% of Trinidadians support the death penalty when there is a possibility of killing an innocent person.Based on these findings the report concluded, inter alia, that “legal reforms that would weaken the protection of the innocent would be likely to lessen the support for the death penalty by a large percentage.”The bill has attracted a lot of international attention, including from the World Coalition and its member Amnesty International who have petitioned the Government to remove the bill and the opposition to vote against it.Clause 5 - undermining UN SafeguardsThe defeated bill aimed to amend the constitution to counter a 1993 ruling by the Privy Council – Trinidad and Tobago’s highest court of appeal in criminal cases. The ruling held that an individual that has been on death row for more than five years cannot be executed. In these cases the death sentence is commuted to a prison term.This Privy Council ruling and others like it have raised the level of protection for those facing the death penalty and essentially put an end to executions on the islands, with the last execution taking place in 1999.Clause 5 of the bill however, aimed to circumvent this ruling by imposing constitutional time-limits on the appeals of those sentenced to death. An execution would be permitted to proceed even if “the appeal, communication or consultation has not been concluded.”This clause undermines Trinidad and Tobago’s international commitments under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the UN safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty (UN safeguards).Most obviously, clause 5 undermines Safeguard 8 of the UN safeguards which states that “Capital punishment shall not be carried out pending any appeal or other recourse procedure or other proceeding relating to pardon or commutation of the sentence.”Mandatory death penaltyThe bill also sought to reinforce Trinidad and Tobago’s mandatory death penalty for “murder 1” which includes the killing of a member of the security force, a prison officer, and a judicial or legal officer acting in the performance of his duties; the murder of a witness or a juror, murders committed by a bomb, and contract murders.The mandatory death penalty constitutes a breach of the ICCPR and the UN safeguards, as it does not allow for mitigating factors which may render an offence below the “most serious crimes” threshold. A person could therefore be “arbitrarily deprived of his life”.Support for the mandatory death penalty in the country is very low. According to the report by the Death Penalty Project and the Rights Advocacy Project, only 26% of the population supports the mandatory death penalty.It also showed that among those that support the death penalty, a mere 1.3% put general deterrence as their primary reason. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Trinidad and Tobago ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2499] => Array ( [objectID] => 4735 [title] => CURE Conference weighs in on Nigeria death penalty debate [timestamp] => 1299542400 [date] => 08/03/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/cure-conference-weighs-in-on-nigeria-death-penalty-debate/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => World Coalition member International Citizens United for the Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE) held its 5th International Conference from 21-24 February, 2011, in Abuja, Nigeria. [texte] => Members of the conference welcomed news from the Attorney General of the Federation and Minister of Justice that the Nigerian Government has instituted a moratorium on the death penalty because of concerns about its implementation.Over the course of the there-day conference, the 72 participants from a range of different organisations visited the Kaduna Borstal Institution, a prison that holds 450 juveniles ranging from 16-21 years of age. The participants, including World Coalition member Equal Justice Initiative, reported a number of issues facing the penal system in the country, including, the overpopulation of prisons, and prisoners rarely being provided legal representation.The conference endorsed 48 recommendations which aim to solve many of these issues. Among those recommendations was the abolition of the death penalty, abolishing the sentencing to death or life imprisonment of people under 18 years and guaranteeing access to legal representation for all individuals. The CURE Conference comes after the Nigerian Senate enacted an anti-terrorism bill in February which contained additional offences that are punishable by the death penalty.Nigeria has not executed anyone since 2006 although it continues to sentence people to death each year. In 2009, according to Amnesty International, Nigeria sentence 58 people to death. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria [1] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Juveniles [2] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2500] => Array ( [objectID] => 4736 [title] => Gabon quietly joins the abolitionist camp [timestamp] => 1299196800 [date] => 04/03/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/gabon-quietly-joins-the-abolitionist-camp/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The West African nation outlawed the death penalty in February 2010 and then kept the secret for over a year. [texte] => Unexpected news came from West Africa at the end of February when Gabon announced the legal abolition of the death penalty in the country.The action, apparently the culmination of a sustained effort of several years from World Coalition member organisations Community of Sant’Egidio and Hands Off Cain in cooperation with President Ali Bongo Ondimba and the Gabonese government, was accomplished via parliamentary vote on February 15, 2010.The act made Gabon the 96th country in the world and the 16th country in Africa to legally abolish the death penalty. Hands Off Cain made the official announcement of Gabon’s abolition on February 14, 2011 (photo: Italian MP and Hands Off Cain campaigner Elisabetta Zamparutti with Gabonese foreign affairs minister Paul Toungui).The organisation made the announcement one year after the law was passed, after receiving a letter of confirmation from the Gabonese government.“The death penalty is now replaced by life imprisonment”The law itself, published among a handful of other acts of government, stipulates that “the death penalty is now replaced by life imprisonment… those convicted [of such crimes] for life imprisonment must spend a minimum of 30 years in prison before being eligible for release or parole”.The same text also outlaws the use of forced labour as a punishment in the military code, to be replaced by imprisonment.The circumstances surrounding the delayed announcement have excited much speculation. Having been the official presenting country of the 2007 United Nations resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty, Gabon had been listed as abolitionist in practice for some time.The country had abstained from the use of the death penalty for more than 20 years, making the announcement something less than a shock. But the motivation behind the year of secrecy remains and perhaps will remain a mystery.Opportunity for further progress in AfricaFollowing the announcement, Hands Off Cain Secretary Sergio D’Elia noted that “the new Gabonese president Ali Bongo Ondimba has kept his word. The abolition in Gabon confirms how the African continent is making enormous progress regarding human rights.”The president of World Coalition member International Federation for Human Rights, Souhayr Belhassen, saw the announcement as an opportunity for even more progress in Africa : “We now call on Mali and Benin, who have both expressed intentions of abolishing the death penalty, to take the necessary steps quickly and join the growing camp of those who recognize the death penalty as being contrary to our values.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gabon [1] => Gabon ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2501] => Array ( [objectID] => 4737 [title] => Puerto Rico hosts a week of World Coalition events [timestamp] => 1297814400 [date] => 16/02/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/puerto-rico-hosts-a-week-of-world-coalition-events/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => International abolitionists gathered on the Caribbean territory to promote their message and to show solidarity with the local authorities against capital punishment. [texte] => The World Coalition’s quarterly Steering Committee meeting took place the 4th and 5th of February in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and was arranged in cooperation with both the Puerto Rican Bar Association and the Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty (PRCADP).It served as the focus for a week of events in Puerto Rico, all designed to raise awareness about the death penalty and to highlight what the three organizations are doing in Puerto Rico and elsewhere to further the cause of abolition.Alongside the meeting itself, which saw two full days of discussion about the WCADP and its plans for the future, a series of local media interviews with Coalition Coordinator Maria Donatelli and ECPM Director Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan sought to raise public awareness. A presentation at Academia Maria Reina School focused on informing students about the death penalty and the World Coalition’s work around the globe.World Coalition representatives also held meetings with the local authorities, in order to show their support for Puerto Rico’s work towards abolition.They also held talks with the Consul of the Dominican Republic regarding the UN Protocol to abolish the death penalty. The Dominican Republic is one of the World Coalition’s targets in its campaign to promote ratification of the protocol.Calls to reinstate the death penaltyDue to recent increases in drug- and gang-related violence in Puerto Rico, the Puerto Rican Bar and PRCAD groups have been faced with calls from the public to reinstate the death penalty. The meeting gave the groups a chance to stand together in responding to these calls.In particular, an event addressing the rights of families of murder victims was organised, with a message of sympathy and solidarity. Kevin Rivera Medina from the Puerto Rican Bar clarified to all present that “as a movement, the World Coalition must recognize the importance of victims’ rights. We are against the death penalty, but we also are against impunity.”US federal executionsAlthough it has been abolished locally, Puerto Ricans are still subject to American federal law which permits the death penalty. There are federal executions at times. The work of local groups has been key in educating the community about the death penalty and in providing legal representation to condemned prisoners.The chairman of the Puerto Rico Bar Association's Commission on the Death Penalty, Juan Matos, said his organisation was proud to host the February World Coalition event, and saw it as an opportunity to “show our continued concern for the project, to show the world that Puerto Rico is very much an active participant, and to show Puerto Ricans that the world is concerned.”The next General Assembly of the World Coalition will take place in Morocco in June, while the next Steering Committee meeting will be held in Rome, Italy in early April. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Puerto Rico [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Murder Victims' Families [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2502] => Array ( [objectID] => 4738 [title] => Outrage as Iran’s execution figures explode [timestamp] => 1297468800 [date] => 12/02/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/outrage-as-irans-execution-figures-explode/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/837f98143cc22ec3eb62b12d9935945e_2-500x333.jpg [extrait] => Iran hanged 121 people in six weeks between 20 December 2010 and 31 January 2011, many of them after unfair trails and for crimes that did not result in a person’s death. [texte] => The International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran counted 121 executions for the six-week period, excluding the secret executions that routinely take place in prisons around Iran. The total number of recorded executions in 2009 was 388 (statistics for 2010 have not yet been released by Amnesty International).Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam from World Coalition member organisation Iran Human Rights has stated that the “reason for the increase in the number of the executions is probably due to[the] Iranian authorities’ need to spread fear among the people more than ever”.He was referring to the risk of anti-regime protests as the economic situation deteriorates after recent economic reforms “have led to a sharp increase in prices” and at a time where there is “increasing unemployment”.Iran’s use of executions as a political silencer has historical precedent. According to Amnesty International’s 2009 report, between the presidential election on 12 June 2009 and the inauguration of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad for a second term as President on 5 August, there were 112 recorded executions.According to Amiry-Moghaddam, “Iranian civil society (which is mainly underground or in exile right now) has been trying to give attention to these executions. We have had several protest demonstrations around the world. There have also been protests in Afghanistan and Iraqi Kurdistan in front of the Iranian embassies. We will do more in the weeks to come.”In violation of international lawReports from World Coalition member Human Rights Watch show that Iran is also failing to meet the internationally recognized minimum standards for those facing the death penalty. People are being tortured to confess, denied access to a lawyer, tried summarily and juveniles are being sentenced to death.Ashkan Miri, a teenager, was sentenced to death in early February for the accidental death of another teenager during a brawl. Ashkan was 14 at the time of the incident.Iran has ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and as such is bound to its article 6, which restricts the use of the death penalty to the most serious crimes. This has been accepted at the international level to mean crimes that result in the death of a person.However, a majority of those executed were convicted of crimes that did not involve death. The Iran Foreign ministry states that 80% of those killed were drug smugglers. At least one man was executed for apostasy and at least 13 were executed for moharebeh (“enmity against God”).International pressure mountsThe international community was slow to react to Iran’s surge in executions. According to Amiry-Moghaddam, this gave the Iranian regime the impression that "they probably can go ahead [with the executions]”.Of late, however, international pressure has mounted, with the widely reported execution of Dutch citizen Zahra Bahrami arousing particular attention. Bahrami was charged with drug trafficking and the Netherlands froze diplomatic contacts following her execution in January.The UN’s High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay and Catherine Ashton, the European Union's top foreign policy official, have called for an immediate moratorium on executions after Tehran failed to grant Bahrami a fair and transparent trial.The UN Special Rapporteur for extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Christof Heyns, and the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers, Gabriela Knaul, are calling on Iran “to immediately declare a moratorium on the death penalty in view of the gravity of the situation and the regular disregard of due process guarantees".US State Department spokesman Philip Crowley urged Iran to put a halt to executions stating Bahrami’s “execution is one of dozens carried out in recent weeks amid serious questions about the motives of the Iranian government and whether these prisoners were granted their rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights".The USA executed juvenile offenders until 2005 in contravention of the ICCPR. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Juveniles [3] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2503] => Array ( [objectID] => 4739 [title] => Preventing exports of lethal drugs from Europe to the US [timestamp] => 1295654400 [date] => 22/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/preventing-exports-of-lethal-drugs-from-europe-to-the-us/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => High-profile civil society organizations have signed a submission appealing to the European Commission to control the exportation, from Europe, of the drugs that are used in US executions. [texte] => The submission, which was initiated by World Coalition member Penal Reform International, comes after the revelation that Jeffery Landgrin had been executed in Arizona using sodium thiopental that was produced in Europe and exported from Britain by Archimedes Pharma. The US is currently seeking sources of the lethal injection drug from Europe as a nationwide shortage is preventing several states from executing their death row inmates.The submission is seeking to add sodium thiopental to Annex III of EU Council Regulation 1236/2005 which makes it illegal to “trade in certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment”. Amending Annex III to include sodium thiopental will subject it to stringent export controls and ensure that the drug is not used to execute a human being.Catch-all clauseThe submission also recommends adding a ‘torture-death penalty end-use catch-all’ clause in the Regulation, which would allow EU Governments to prohibit, on a case-by-case basis, “the trade of any item not listed in the Annexes of the Regulation but that clearly have no practical use other than for the purposes of capital punishment; or where there are reasonable grounds to believe that such items would be used for the purposes of capital punishment”. This catch-all safeguard will capture the two remaining drugs in the traditional three drug cocktail, pancuronium bromide and potassium chloride, as well as pentobarbital. This last drug that is often used by veterinarians to put-down animals was used as a replacement execution drug by the state of Oklahoma late last year. The catch-all safeguard will not interfere with trade that has a legitimate medical purpose.Scramble for sodium thiopentalVarious states in the US including Arizona, Oklahoma and California are currently seeking sodium thiopental. According to a report from the American Civil Liberties Union, the state of California is seeking the export of the drug from countries as far away as Pakistan. Texas, despite being well stocked with sodium thiopental, has refused to share with other states.According to the Wall Street Journal, the only US-based provider of sodium thiopental, Hospira, has decided to stop manufacturing the drug. The company had stopped production in the US and has now given up on plans to transfer it to Italy. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2504] => Array ( [objectID] => 4740 [title] => Beating the death penalty in Illinois [timestamp] => 1295654400 [date] => 22/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/beating-the-death-penalty-in-illinois/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In a video interview at the NCADP conference in Chicago, leading Illinois abolitionist Jeremy Schroeder explains how grassroots activism and political lobbying combined to get the abolition bill passed. [texte] => The US National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty held its annual meeting between January 13-16 in Chicago. A few days before, the senate of Illinois had passed a bill for the repeal of the death penalty in the state.The director of the Illinois Coalition to Abolition the death penalty, Jeremy Schroeder, explains how local abolitionists have been campaigning for two years to have the bill passed at the Illinois House of Representatives and Senate. It is now in the hands of the governor.The NCADP Conference is the premier gathering of civil and human rights leaders, citizen activist volunteers, families of murder victims and death row prisoners, attorneys, and law enforcement & crime prevention professionals who support repeal of the death penalty in the US.At this year's meeting, keynote speaker Bryan Stevenson said: “One of the truths of the death penalty is poverty. If we eliminate poverty, we would abolish the death penalty. Our justice system treats you better if you are rich and guilty than if you are poor and innocent. The opposite of poverty is not wealth, it is justice. We are against the death penalty, but we also are for justice, against violence, crime and murder. I bleed every time a victim is murdered.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2505] => Array ( [objectID] => 6022 [title] => The sleeping voice [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-sleeping-voice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Sleeping-Voice-voz-dormida-y/dp/B008BDTN0Q ) [2506] => Array ( [objectID] => 6154 [title] => Forensic Mental Health: Assessments in Death Penalty Cases [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/forensic-mental-health-assessments-in-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Forensic mental health assessments in death penalty cases are on the rise due in part to the continuing growth of forensic psychology and psychiatry as professions, combined with several recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions. Forensic mental health professionals are now conducting assessments at every stage of death penalty proceedings, ranging from pre-trial evaluations to determine eligibility for the death penalty to evaluations conducted post-sentencing and closer to the date of execution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780195385809.do ) [2507] => Array ( [objectID] => 6246 [title] => Reporting on the death penalty: training resource for journalists [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/reporting-on-the-death-penalty-training-resource-for-journalists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The aim of this resource is to build and strengthen the knowledge and raise awareness of journalists on how to report on the death penalty and alternative sanctions. This training resource has been developed in conjunction with PRI’s partner, Inter Press Services (IPS). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/PRI_Training_Resource_3.pdf ) [2508] => Array ( [objectID] => 6302 [title] => Travelling abroad? Beware the death penalty [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/travelling-abroad-beware-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Many Britons abroad think that the local death penalty cannot be applied to them. Most would not know what to do if they got arrested. Yet well-meaning Britons can indeed find themselves facing execution, even if they are innocent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/publiceducation/generalpublicdeathpenalty/#.UbboV5yIp1h ) [2509] => Array ( [objectID] => 6303 [title] => Ten myths and facts about the death penalty [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ten-myths-and-facts-about-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Every 3 hours someone is put to death by their government. Is this justice? Watch first-hand testimonies by Reprieve lawyers and clients. Read ten hard facts about the death penalty. Decide for yourself. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/publiceducation/2010_02_15_ReprieveAgainstTheDP_Main/#.UbboSpyIp1h ) [2510] => Array ( [objectID] => 6336 [title] => Guidelines on human rights education, for secondary school systems [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guidelines-on-human-rights-education-for-secondary-school-systems/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => These guidelines, which focus on human rights education in secondary schools, aim to support systemic and effective human rights learning for all young people. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display_doc.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrea.org%2Fresource.php%3Fdoc_id%3D2000&external=N ) [2511] => Array ( [objectID] => 6337 [title] => Guidelines on human rights education, for law enforcement officials [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guidelines-on-human-rights-education-for-law-enforcement-officials/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => These guidelines aim to support systemic and effective human rights education for police and other law enforcement personnel. They were prepared on the basis of broad consultations involving police trainers, university lecturers, national human rights institutions and individuals involved in the design and delivery of educational curricula for law enforcement officials. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display_doc.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrea.org%2Fresource.php%3Fdoc_id%3D2001&external=N ) [2512] => Array ( [objectID] => 6381 [title] => The Death Penalty in the Arab World 2011 [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-arab-world-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This annual report drafted by ACHRS aims to proportionate an analytical studio of the situation of the death penalty and capital punishment in the Arab World in 2011, and includes detailed information about the 21 countries which constitute the Arab World. It also contains tables and a conclusive reflection on the current state of capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://achrs.org/english/images/stories/news/pdf/Death%20Penalty%20Report%202011.pdf ) [2513] => Array ( [objectID] => 6400 [title] => Training Resource: Reporting on the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/training-resource-reporting-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This resource targets journalists. The aim of this resource is to build and strengthen the knowledge and raise awareness of how to report on the death penalty and alternative sanctions. This training resource has been developed in conjunction with PRI’s partner, Inter Press Service (IPS). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/PRI_Training_Resource_3.pdf ) [2514] => Array ( [objectID] => 6401 [title] => Training Resource: Advocacy Tools in the Fight Against the Death Penalty and Alternative Sanctions that Respect International Human Rights Standards [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/training-resource-advocacy-tools-in-the-fight-against-the-death-penalty-and-alternative-sanctions-that-respect-international-human-rights-standards/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The aim of this resource is to build and strengthen civil society organisation’s (CSOs) knowledge and awareness of advocacy and what advocacy methods are available for the fight against the death penalty and for alternative sanctions that respect international human rights standards. This resource covers issues related to using the media to influence, and how to build coalitions to strengthen your advocacy work. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/PRI_Training_Resource_2.pdf ) [2515] => Array ( [objectID] => 6430 [title] => Paradise Lost: Purgatory [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/paradise-lost-purgatory/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Joe Berlinger’s third film about the West Memphis 3, Paradise Lost: Purgatory [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.hbo.com/documentaries/paradise-lost-3-purgatory/index.html# ) [2516] => Array ( [objectID] => 6431 [title] => Incendiary: the Willingham case [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/incendiary-the-willingham-case/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => After its national release in October, “Incendiary: The Willingham Case” is now available on DVD and through Apple’s iTunes Movie Store.The film examines the execution of Cameron Todd Willingham in Texas for the murder of his children by arson and centers around evolving standards of scientific evidence and the notion that an innocent man was executed [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://incendiarymovie.com/INCENDIARY.html ) [2517] => Array ( [objectID] => 6432 [title] => Cameron Todd Willingham: Wrongfully Convicted and Executed in Texas [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/cameron-todd-willingham-wrongfully-convicted-and-executed-in-texas/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Tool containing all the documents on Cameron Todd's case. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.innocenceproject.org/Content/Cameron_Todd_Willingham_Wrongfully_Convicted_and_Executed_in_Texas.php ) [2518] => Array ( [objectID] => 6434 [title] => A-53: SIGNATORIES AND RATIFICATION OF THE PROTOCOL TO THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS TO ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-53-signatories-and-ratification-of-the-protocol-to-the-american-convention-on-human-rights-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Estado de Firmas y Ratificaciones del protocolo a la convention americana sobre derechos humanos relativo a la abolicion de la pena de muerte [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://www.oas.org/juridico/spanish/firmas/a-53.html ) [2519] => Array ( [objectID] => 6435 [title] => Study on the question of the death penalty in Africa [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/study-on-the-question-of-the-death-penalty-in-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The document broadly looks at the historical, human rights law, and practical aspects of the death penalty. It takes a comprehensive approach to the question of the death penalty, bearing in mind the need to provide the African Commission with sufficient information that will enable it to take an informed position on the matter. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.achpr.org/files/news/2012/04/d46/study_question_deathpenalty_africa_2012_eng.pdf ) [2520] => Array ( [objectID] => 6437 [title] => PAKISTAN: The State of Human Rights in 2011 [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pakistan-the-state-of-human-rights-in-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The government's ineptness to stop the religious and sectarian intolerance has strengthened the banned militant religious groups to organize and collect their funds in the streets and hold big rallies. This ineptness of the government has helped the forced conversion to Islam of girls from religious minority groups. In total thorough out the country during the year 1800 women from Hindu and Christian groups were forced to convert to Islam by different methods particularly though abduction and rape. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => www.humanrights.asia/resources/hrreport/2011/AHRC-SPR-008-2011/at_download/file ) [2521] => Array ( [objectID] => 6438 [title] => Annual Report: Death Penalty in Iran 2011 [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-death-penalty-in-iran-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The execution wave that began after the June 2009 post-election protests in Iran continues with high frequency. According to the present report, the execution figure in 2011 is currently the highest since the beginning of 1990’s. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://iranhr.net/IMG/pdf/Binder2.pdf ) [2522] => Array ( [objectID] => 6457 [title] => 2011 World Day Report [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2011-world-day-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => It presents the theme of 2011 World Day, facts on the death penalty and all the actions and media coveragefor the 20011 World Day on the inhumanity of the death penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN_RapportJM2011-1.pdf ) [2523] => Array ( [objectID] => 6460 [title] => The Innocence Network Exonerations 2011 [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-innocence-network-exonerations-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 21 people were exonerated by the Innocence Network in 2011. Proving their innocence took years of work by dedicated teams of lawyers and staffers. These 21 represent a small fraction of the thousands of people who are behind bard for crimes they didn't commit. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.innocencenetwork.org/annual-reports/innocence-network-report-2011/view ) [2524] => Array ( [objectID] => 6461 [title] => The Dark At the Top of the Stairs: Four Destructive Influences of Capital Punishment on American Criminal Justice [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-dark-at-the-top-of-the-stairs-four-destructive-influences-of-capital-punishment-on-american-criminal-justice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Executionhas also (1) had a powerful negative influence on the substantive criminal law; (2) promoted the practice of using extreme penal sanctions as status rewards to crime victims and their families; (3) provided moral camouflage for a penalty of life imprisonment without possibility of parole, which is almost as brutal as state killing; and (4) diverted legal andjudicial resources from the scrutiny of other punishments and governmental practicesin an era of mass imprisonment. This chapter discusses these four latent impacts of attempts to revive and rationalize the death penalty in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1956686 ) [2525] => Array ( [objectID] => 6463 [title] => The Death Penlty In 2011: Year End Report [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penlty-in-2011-year-end-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The number of new death sentences dropped dramatically in 2011, falling below 100 for the first time in the modern era of capital punishment. Executions also continued decline, while developments in a variety of states illustrated the growing discomfort that many Americans have with the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/2011__Year__End.pdf ) [2526] => Array ( [objectID] => 6464 [title] => Eight case sheets (covering China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan) [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/eight-case-sheets-covering-china-india-indonesia-japan-malaysia-pakistan-singapore-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In compiling this report, a number of cases have been reviewed which clearly demonstrate the very real dangers of applying the death penalty. Eight case sheets: Leng Guoquan (China), Devender P. Singh (India), Humphrey Eleweke (Indonesia), Hakamada Iwao (Japan), Reza Shah (Malaysia), Aftab Bahadur (Pakistan), Yong Vui Kong (Singapore), Chiou Ho-shun (Taiwan) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://adpan.net/unfair-trials/ ) [2527] => Array ( [objectID] => 6466 [title] => Lapan lembaran kes (meliputi China, India, Indonesia, Jepun, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapura, Taiwan) [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lapan-lembaran-kes-meliputi-china-india-indonesia-jepun-malaysia-pakistan-singapura-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Lapan lembaran kes (meliputi China, India, Indonesia, Jepun, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapura, Taiwan) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/malay_adpan_sheet_web.pdf ) [2528] => Array ( [objectID] => 6467 [title] => Lethal Injustice in Asia: End unfair trials, stop executions [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lethal-injustice-in-asia-end-unfair-trials-stop-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => More people are executed in the Asia-Pacific region than in the rest of the world combined. Add to this the probability that they were executed following an unfair trial, and the gross injustice of this punishment becomes all too clear. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/adpan-campaign-report-lethal-injustice-in-asia-010222011-final-web3_u21.pdf ) [2529] => Array ( [objectID] => 6468 [title] => When Justice Fails: Thousands executed in Asia after unfair trials [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/when-justice-fails-thousands-executed-in-asia-after-unfair-trials/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Failures of justice in trials which result in an execution cannot be rectified. In the Asia-Pacific region, where 95 per cent of the population live in countries that retain and use the death penalty, there is a real danger of the state executing someone in error following an unfair trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://adpandotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/adpan-unfair-trials-asa-010232100-final-pdf.pdf ) [2530] => Array ( [objectID] => 6469 [title] => Hands Off Cain 2011 Report [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hands-off-cain-2011-report/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Hands Off Cain 2011 Report. The worldwide trend towards abolition, underway for more than ten years, was again confirmed in 2010 and the first six months of 2011. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=15309657 ) [2531] => Array ( [objectID] => 6472 [title] => Question of the death penalty. Report of the Secretary-General. [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report contains information covering the period from July 2010 to June 2011, and draws attention to a number of phenomena, including the continuing trend towards abolition, the ongoing difficulties in gaining access to reliable information on executions, and various international efforts towards the universal abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/18session/A-HRC-18-20_en.pdf ) [2532] => Array ( [objectID] => 6473 [title] => Victims, We Care [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/victims-we-care/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Victims, We Care [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mk1M576YxrM&feature=youtu.be ) [2533] => Array ( [objectID] => 6475 [title] => MVFHR 飄洋過海來看你：看見被害人 20100704 台北信義誠品 [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mvfhr-%e9%a3%84%e6%b4%8b%e9%81%8e%e6%b5%b7%e4%be%86%e7%9c%8b%e4%bd%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%9c%8b%e8%a6%8b%e8%a2%ab%e5%ae%b3%e4%ba%ba-20100704-%e5%8f%b0%e5%8c%97%e4%bf%a1%e7%be%a9%e8%aa%a0%e5%93%81/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 這部短片是2010年美國被害人團體來台的報導（很抱歉，晚了一年才整理出來），今年，MVFHR將再度來台，並且也邀請日本的被害人團體一起在台灣巡迴演講「夜照亮了夜：身為被害人」（http://www.taedp.org.tw/index.php?load=read&id=964） [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S477luElg_U&feature=youtu.be ) [2534] => Array ( [objectID] => 6479 [title] => The Kentucky Death Penalty Assessment Report: Evaluating fairness and accuracy in state death panlty systems. An Analysis of Kentucky’s Death Penalty Laws, Procedures, and Practices [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-kentucky-death-penalty-assessment-report-evaluating-fairness-and-accuracy-in-state-death-panlty-systems-an-analysis-of-kentuckys-death-penalty-laws-procedures-and-practices/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report examines how state death penalty systems are functioning in design and practice and are intended to serve as the bases from which states can launch comprehensive self-examinations, impose reforms, or in some cases, impose moratoria. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/death_penalty_moratorium/final_ky_report.authcheckdam.pdf ) [2535] => Array ( [objectID] => 6481 [title] => Facing their last moments with a smile: The Chinese women about to be executed for drug smuggling [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facing-their-last-moments-with-a-smile-the-chinese-women-about-to-be-executed-for-drug-smuggling/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The moving images could show any group of young women as they go about their daily lives in prison. But just hours - and in some cases minutes - after the pictures were taken, each of the four women were led into a concrete yard and executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2069844/Chinese-execution-pictures-Women-executed-drug-smuggling.html ) [2536] => Array ( [objectID] => 6483 [title] => Witness to Murder [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/witness-to-murder/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Tony Medina was accused of shooting into a crowd of young people with a semi-automatic weapon from a dark colored car. Two children were fatally wounded during the shooting. Nevertheless, he is innocent according to the furnished evidence and the testimony of witnesses. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.tony-medina.info/ ) [2537] => Array ( [objectID] => 6484 [title] => Capital Punishment Briefing Paper [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-briefing-paper/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This briefing paper is offered as a critique of the received wisdom of abolition strategies against the background of an evidence based analysis of the literature. A point of interest to begin with is to try to tease out the motivation of individuals and groups that consider themselves death penalty abolitionists. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.westminster.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/79134/CCPSBriefingPaper.2010.pdf ) [2538] => Array ( [objectID] => 6486 [title] => California’s Death Penalty is Dead [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/californias-death-penalty-is-dead/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => California’s death penalty is dead. Prosecutors, legislators and taxpayers are turning to permanent imprisonment with no chance of parole as evidence grows that the system is costly, risky, and dangerous to public safety. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclunc.org/docs/criminal_justice/death_penalty/the_death_penalty_is_dead_2011.pdf ) [2539] => Array ( [objectID] => 6487 [title] => Condemned to Die [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/condemned-to-die/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Presenter Mark Davis travels to Indonesia with the mother of Bali Nine member Myuran Sukumaran, as she visits her son for the first time since his final death sentence appeal was rejected. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.sbs.com.au/dateline/story/about/id/601273/n/Condemned-to-Die ) [2540] => Array ( [objectID] => 6488 [title] => Incendiary: the Willingham case [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/incendiary-the-willingham-case-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This film, by Steve Mims and Joe Bailey Jr., is just what its title implies: a match being lit to a tinderpile of flimsy evidence that led to the execution of Cameron Todd Willingham in Texas in 2004 after his 1992 conviction for setting the fire that killed his three babies. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.incendiarymovie.com/INCENDIARY/INCENDIARY.html ) [2541] => Array ( [objectID] => 6490 [title] => Into the Abyss [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/into-the-abyss/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => We do not know when and how we will die. Death Row inmates do. Werner Herzog embarks on a dialogue with Death Row inmates, asks questions about life and death and looks deep into these individuals, their stories, their crimes. There are interviews (video). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.wernerherzog.com/index.php?id=67 ) [2542] => Array ( [objectID] => 6491 [title] => Executions by County in the United States [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executions-by-county-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Although counties do not carry out executions, in almost all states the decision to seek the death penalty is made by the county district attorney. A small number of counties are responsible for a disproportionate number of the executions in the United States. Search results can be sorted by county. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions-county ) [2543] => Array ( [objectID] => 6492 [title] => The Last Word: Rewriting the American death penalty [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-last-word-rewriting-the-american-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Sept. 22: The execution of Troy Davis drew an unprecedented amount of media attention. But where was the outrage over Derrick Mason who was put to death in Alabama today? MSNBC’s Lawrence O’Donnell has more in the Rewrite. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.msnbc.com/the-last-word/rewriting-the-american-death-penalty ) [2544] => Array ( [objectID] => 6493 [title] => Searchable Execution Database [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/searchable-execution-database/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This new database search includes the county of conviction, as well as gender of victim. All results will display in chronological order by default. To sort by other criteria, click on the headings for those fields in the search results. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/views-executions ) [2545] => Array ( [objectID] => 6494 [title] => Dead Reckoning: Executions in America [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dead-reckoning-executions-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The fast-paced new book, "Dead Reckoning," offers a critical overview of capital punishment in America, along with a vivid discussion of current issues central in today's debate, based on many interviews. Along the way, Mitchell turns to a wide cast of notable abolitionists, from Charles Dickens and Mark Twain to Albert Camus and Christopher Hitchensو and Steve Earle. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/DEAD-RECKONING-Executions-America-ebook/dp/B005P0357A/ ) [2546] => Array ( [objectID] => 6496 [title] => The situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran : note by the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-situation-of-human-rights-in-the-islamic-republic-of-iran-note-by-the-secretary-general/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report is submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 16/9, which establishes the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e9fd49e2.html ) [2547] => Array ( [objectID] => 6497 [title] => Crackdown on China’s human rights lawyers deepens [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/crackdown-on-chinas-human-rights-lawyers-deepens/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report updates Amnesty International’s Breaking the law: Crackdown on human rights lawyers and legal activists in China (ASA 17/042/2009) published in 2009. It makes little mention of death penalty but it is an excellent source on the situation of human rights lawyers in China. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/018/2011/en/20ed6bf3-aaa9-4da5-8220-6c07615e531b/asa170182011en.pdf ) [2548] => Array ( [objectID] => 6499 [title] => The Story of Chiou Ho-shun [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-story-of-chiou-ho-shun/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Chiou Ho-shun, a death row inmate in Taiwan, may be executed at any time. He said, ‘ I hope you can save me, but if it’s too late, please scatter my ashes in the Longfeng harbour, and buy a meatball, come and see me.’ [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://chiouhoshun.blogspot.com/2011/10/blog-post_24.html?spref=fb ) [2549] => Array ( [objectID] => 6502 [title] => State Information [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/state-information/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Death penalty information and statistics by state. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-information ) [2550] => Array ( [objectID] => 6503 [title] => Innocence Database [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/innocence-database/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This database can be searched using any combination of the search filters below. All columns are sortable by clicking the title at the top of the column. To find out more about a case in the list, click on the name of the individual. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/innocence ) [2551] => Array ( [objectID] => 6504 [title] => Death and Harmless Error: A Rhetorical Response to Judging Innocence [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-and-harmless-error-a-rhetorical-response-to-judging-innocence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 'Garret Study' analyses the first 200 post conviction DNA exonerations in the United States. This article wheights the impact of the study and how it will depend on how jurists, politicians, and scholars extrapolate the explanatory power of the data. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1961696 ) [2552] => Array ( [objectID] => 6505 [title] => A Deadly Case of Mistaken Identity [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-deadly-case-of-mistaken-identity/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The worst day of Olaniyi Emiola’s life was Mar. 17, 1998. At least it was for Olaniyi Emiola, 22, the spare motor parts trader. For Olaniyi Emiola, the armed robber, it was a lucky escape as another man with the same name had been wrongly sentenced to death for a crime he committed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=105921 ) [2553] => Array ( [objectID] => 6506 [title] => Getting It Right Project [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/getting-it-right-project/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Getting it right is a project to learn more about the central causes of wrongful convictions and suggested reforms to prevent future injustice. It analyses the role of eyewitness, forensics, confessions, informants, representation and law enforcement. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.innocenceproject.org/Content/Getting_it_Right.php ) [2554] => Array ( [objectID] => 6507 [title] => Struck by Lightning: The Continuing Arbitrariness of the Death Penalty Thirty-Five Years After Its Re-instatement in 1976 [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/struck-by-lightning-the-continuing-arbitrariness-of-the-death-penalty-thirty-five-years-after-its-re-instatement-in-1976/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report examenes how, after three and a half decades of experience under the revised statutes on death penalty, the randomness of the system continues. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/StruckByLightning.pdf ) [2555] => Array ( [objectID] => 6509 [title] => Randall Adams, 61, Dies; Freed With Help of Film [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/randall-adams-61-dies-freed-with-help-of-film/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Randall Dale Adams, who spent 12 years in prison before his conviction in the murder of a Dallas police officer was thrown out largely on the basis of evidence uncovered by a filmmaker, died in obscurity in October in Washington Court House, Ohio. He was 61. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/us/26adams.html?_r=1 ) [2556] => Array ( [objectID] => 6510 [title] => The State of Criminal Justice 2011 [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-state-of-criminal-justice-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The State of Criminal Justice 2011 contains a chapter on death penalty by Ronald Tabak (Ch. 19). Tabak explores legislative changes, the declining use of the death penalty, important Supreme Court decisions and the adequacy of representation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://apps.americanbar.org/abastore/index.cfm?section=main&fm=Product.AddToCart&pid=5090133 ) [2557] => Array ( [objectID] => 6512 [title] => Anthony Graves: The TT Interview [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/anthony-graves-the-tt-interview/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The state of Texas incarcerated him for nearly two decades — and nearly executed him twice — for murders he didn't commit. And now, the state is balking at giving him the $1.4 million he's owed for all the years he spent wrongfully imprisoned. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.texastribune.org/texas-dept-criminal-justice/death-penalty/anthony-graves-tt-interview/ ) [2558] => Array ( [objectID] => 6513 [title] => Make Me Believe [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/make-me-believe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A Crime Novel Based on Real Events, follows the discoveries and dangerous encounters of a fictional author investigating the case of Toronto Patterson, the last juvenile defendant executed in Texas. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.daxdevlonross.com/theBook.htm ) [2559] => Array ( [objectID] => 6515 [title] => In the Place of Justice: A Story of Punishment and Deliverance [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-the-place-of-justice-a-story-of-punishment-and-deliverance/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A death row inmate finds redemption as a prison journalist in this uplifting memoir. In 1961, after a bungled bank robbery, Rideau was convicted of murder at the age of 19 and received a death sentence that was later commuted to life in prison. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Place-Justice-Story-Punishment-Deliverance/dp/0307264815 ) [2560] => Array ( [objectID] => 6516 [title] => The Night I Forgave My Daughter’s Killer [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-night-i-forgave-my-daughters-killer/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => How a grieving mother put compassion before vengeance, and found closure along the way. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/beyond-prisons/the-night-i-forgave-my-daughters-killer ) [2561] => Array ( [objectID] => 6527 [title] => Convicting the Innocent: Where Criminal Prosecutions Go Wrong [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/convicting-the-innocent-where-criminal-prosecutions-go-wrong/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Very few crimes committed in the United States involve biological evidence that can be tested using DNA. Convicting the Innocent makes a powerful case for systemic reforms to improve the accuracy of all criminal cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Convicting-Innocent-Where-Criminal-Prosecutions/dp/0674058704/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1323267494&sr=8-1 ) [2562] => Array ( [objectID] => 6528 [title] => Executing Those Who Do Not Kill [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executing-those-who-do-not-kill/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article explores the constitutionality of the death penalty for those convicted of felony murder, i.e., those who participated in a serious crime in which a death occurred, but were not directly responsible for the death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/Executing%20Those%20Who%20Do%20Not%20Kill.PDF ) [2563] => Array ( [objectID] => 6529 [title] => Living with murder, the video documentary: Meet those touched by Detroit homicide [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/living-with-murder-the-video-documentary-meet-those-touched-by-detroit-homicide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => More than 3,300 people have been murdered in the City of Detroit since 2003. In this Detroit Free Press documentary, meet some of the families who have lost loved ones to homicide, are searching for justice and trying to come to terms with their losses. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.freep.com/article/20111116/NEWS01/111115067/Living-murder-video-documentary-Meet-those-touched-by-Detroit-homicide?odyssey=tab ) [2564] => Array ( [objectID] => 6532 [title] => The Execution of Cameron Todd Willingham: Junk Science, an Innocent Man, and the Politics of Death [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-execution-of-cameron-todd-willingham-junk-science-an-innocent-man-and-the-politics-of-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The case of Cameron Todd Willingham has become infamous and was enmeshed in the death penalty debate and the reelection of Texas Governor Rick Perry, who refused to grant a stay of execution. The governor has since attempted to derail an investigation by the Texas Forensic Science Commission. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1917454 ) [2565] => Array ( [objectID] => 6533 [title] => Minority Practice, Majority’s Burden: The Death Penalty Today [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/minority-practice-majoritys-burden-the-death-penalty-today/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article explores how, capital punishment in the United States is a minority practice. This feature of American capital punishment has become more pronounced recently, and is especially clear when death sentences, which are merely infrequent, are distinguished from executions, which are exceedingly rare. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1915322 ) [2566] => Array ( [objectID] => 6534 [title] => Remedying Wrongful Execution [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/remedying-wrongful-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Article highlights that statutory compensation schemes overlook the case of Cameron Todd Willingham, executed in 2004, of wrongful execution and the greater injustice it entails and urges that the statutes be amended in light of this grievous wrong that has come to the fore of American criminal justice systems. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902811 ) [2567] => Array ( [objectID] => 6535 [title] => Death penalty ‘traumatises jail warders’ [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-traumatises-jail-warders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The men who lead death row inmates to the gallows are traumatised on surrendering a prisoner to the hangman. This was told at a meeting of judges, commissioners of prisons and legal practitioners from East Africa on the death penalty in Nairobi. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.nation.co.ke/News/Death+penalty+traumatises+jail+warders/-/1056/1208352/-/ywydoi/-/ ) [2568] => Array ( [objectID] => 6537 [title] => Death Penalty Trends in Asia Have Possible Implications for China [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-trends-in-asia-have-possible-implications-for-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article analyses the latest controversy over the use of the death penalty that erupted not in mainland China but across the strait in Taiwan. In January, the defense ministry there was forced to issue a public apology for a wrongful execution in 1997, followed in early March by the execution of five prisoners without notifying their families. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.duihuahrjournal.org/2011/04/death-penalty-trends-in-asia-have.html ) [2569] => Array ( [objectID] => 6540 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2011. Shared responsibility and shared consequences. [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2011-shared-responsibility-and-shared-consequences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Global Overview 2011. It provides a country-by-country analysis of the death penalty for drugs, and is intended to inform policy-makers of the potential for change as well as to shed some light on the environments in which the international fight against illicit drugs is pursued. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ihra.net/files/2011/09/14/IHRA_DeathPenaltyReport_Sept2011_Web.pdf ) [2570] => Array ( [objectID] => 6541 [title] => Military court exonerates Chiang Kuo-ching [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/military-court-exonerates-chiang-kuo-ching/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A military court yesterday acquitted Chiang Kuo-ching (江國慶), who was executed for the rape and murder of a girl 15 years ago, in a posthumous trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/print/2011/09/14/2003513242 ) [2571] => Array ( [objectID] => 6542 [title] => Executed Taiwan airman Chiang Kuo-ching innocent [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executed-taiwan-airman-chiang-kuo-ching-innocent/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A Taiwanese air force private executed 14 years ago for the rape and murder of a five-year-old girl was innocent after all, a military court has ruled. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14895747 ) [2572] => Array ( [objectID] => 6544 [title] => Give up Tomorrow [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/give-up-tomorrow/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Reflecting schisms of race, class, and political power at the core of the Philippines’ tumultuous democracy, clashing families, institutions, and individuals face off to convict or free Paco, accused of the rape and murder of two chinese-philipino women. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.pacodocu.com/ ) [2573] => Array ( [objectID] => 6546 [title] => Alternative Sanctions to the Death Penalty Information Pack [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/alternative-sanctions-to-the-death-penalty-information-pack/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => PRI information kit on the alternative sanctions to the death penalty: ; a review of current practices; the increasing use of ‘life’ and long-term sentences and their contribution to growing prison numbers; 12 steps toward alternative sanctions to the death penalty that respect international human rights standards and norms. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/PRI_Lifers_Info_Pack.pdf ) [2574] => Array ( [objectID] => 6550 [title] => Training Resource: Protecting the Rights of Those Facing the Death Penalty and Life and Long-Term Imprisonment [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/training-resource-protecting-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty-and-life-and-long-term-imprisonment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => PRI training resource (1/3): Aimed mainly to mid-level prison officers, this resource’s trains these stakeholders on: due process and fair trial standards, international standards on the treatment of prisoners, vulnerable prisoners, building a rehabilitation-oriented penal culture. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/PRI_Training_Resource_1.pdf ) [2575] => Array ( [objectID] => 6551 [title] => The Death Penalty in Alabama: Judge Override [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-alabama-judge-override/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Alabama, elected trial judges can override jury verdicts of life and impose death sentences. Although judges have authority to override life or death verdicts, in 92% of overrides elected judges have overruled jury verdicts of life to impose the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://eji.org/eji/files/Override_Report.pdf ) [2576] => Array ( [objectID] => 6555 [title] => World Day 2011 Petition [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-2011-petition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-2011wd_petition-1.pdf ) [2577] => Array ( [objectID] => 6582 [title] => World Day 2011 Petition [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-2011-petition-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The petition calls on retentionist states to establish a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with a view to abolish it on the ground that it is inhumane. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-2011wd_petition-1.pdf ) [2578] => Array ( [objectID] => 6583 [title] => Leaflet World Day 2011 on the inhumanity of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-world-day-2011-on-the-inhumanity-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The International Jurisprudence Factsheet is divided in four topics: 1. The Right to Be Free from Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 2. Methods of Executions 3. Death Row Conditions 4. Families of the Persons Sentenced to Death. The relevant international entities have been investigated regarding these topics and their conclusions are presented in this factsheet. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-FactsheetInhumaneDP-1.pdf ) [2579] => Array ( [objectID] => 6597 [title] => The Court in Brief (the European Court of Human Rights) [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-court-in-brief-the-european-court-of-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The European Court of Human Rights is an international court set up in 1959. It rules on individual or State applications alleging violations of the civil and political rights set out in the European Convention on Human Rights. Since 1998 it has sat as a full-time court and individuals can apply to it directly. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Court_in_brief_ENG.pdf ) [2580] => Array ( [objectID] => 6599 [title] => Child Rights and the League of Arab States [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/child-rights-and-the-league-of-arab-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document provides a list of the members of the Arab League and the origins of the organisation. It also describes its composition and provides contact information. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.crin.org/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=18054&flag=report ) [2581] => Array ( [objectID] => 6654 [title] => The Death Penalty Resource Guide [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-resource-guide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since 1976, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that executions could resume after a four year moratorium, more than 1,050 people have been executed in the United States. Approximately 3,370 men and women remain on death row throughoutthe United States. This is a teaching guide on the death penalty in the United States after 1976. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/deathpenaltycurriculumguide.pdf ) [2582] => Array ( [objectID] => 6656 [title] => Pegagogical Guide: Teaching Abolition (2nd Edition) [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pegagogical-guide-teaching-abolition-2nd-edition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This manual offers several activities in anticipation of the celebrations on 10 October. It is aimed particularly at teachers of students aged 14 to 18, wherever they are in the world, but can also be used by anyone willing to organise an event for the World Day.If you are not a teacher, you may use it to make your own documents and inform the public about the reality of the death penalty in a recreational way. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-GuidePeda2011-1.pdf ) [2583] => Array ( [objectID] => 6661 [title] => Host an Awareness Raising House Party [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/host-an-awareness-raising-house-party/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => House parties are a great way to educate friends, recruit new supporters, generate action, and raise funds for EJUSA’s work. This activity is perfect for people who like throwing parties anyway – whether large or small. Contact EJUSA for help with planning, materials, or to arrange a speaker or video for your event. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://ejusa.org/act/house-party ) [2584] => Array ( [objectID] => 6662 [title] => World Day Mobilisation Kit [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-mobilisation-kit/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This mobilisation kit for the 2011 World Day dedicated to the inhumanity of the death penalty suggests activities and gives advice to hold successful World Day events. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-KitMobilisationWD2011-1.pdf ) [2585] => Array ( [objectID] => 6666 [title] => Beating the Death Penalty in Illinois [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/beating-the-death-penalty-in-illinois/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In a video interview at the NCADP conference in Chicago, leading Illinois abolitionist Jeremy Schroeder explains how grassroots activism and political lobbying was an important factor in abolishing the death penalty in Illinois. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/35179-Beating-the-death-penalty-in-Illinois-1.html ) [2586] => Array ( [objectID] => 6700 [title] => So You Want to Start an Innocence Project [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/so-you-want-to-start-an-innocence-project/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document gives advice and help to those wishing to create an innocence project. The topics covered are varied and detail what is required in terms of office space, professional skills, etc. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.truthinjustice.org/ipstartup.htm ) [2587] => Array ( [objectID] => 6719 [title] => Council of Europe Goodwill Ambassador Bianca Jagger on the campaign against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/council-of-europe-goodwill-ambassador-bianca-jagger-on-the-campaign-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This podcast is interview with the Goodwill Ambassador Bianca Jagger. She talksabout murder victims' families, deterrence, a moratorium on executions and the trend towards abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.coe.int/en/web/human-rights-rule-of-law/podcasts?p_p_id=2_WAR_kaleodesignerportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0 ) [2588] => Array ( [objectID] => 6725 [title] => International Views on the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-views-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The vast majority of countries in Western Europe, North America and South America - more than 139 nations worldwide - have abandoned capital punishment in law or in practice. This document goes through the death penalty status of countries world wide. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=81 ) [2589] => Array ( [objectID] => 6726 [title] => Innocence and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/innocence-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The wrongful execution of an innocent person is an injustice that can never be rectified. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty, 139 men and women have been released from death row nationally. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=49 ) [2590] => Array ( [objectID] => 6744 [title] => Leaflet World Day 2011 on the inhumanity of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-world-day-2011-on-the-inhumanity-of-the-death-penalty-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This information leaflet about the 2011 World Day on the inhumanity of the death penalty gives background information, 10 arguments to end the death penalty and 10 things you can do to abolish the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/BrochureJM2011en-1.pdf ) [2591] => Array ( [objectID] => 6789 [title] => Chivalry is Not Dead: Murder, Gender, and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chivalry-is-not-dead-murder-gender-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Chivalry - that set of values and code of conduct for the medieval knightly class - has long influenced American law, from Supreme Court decisions to substantive criminal law doctrines and the administration of criminal justice. The chivalrous knight was enjoined to seek honor and defend it through violence and, in a society which enforced strict gender roles, to show gallantry toward "ladies" of the same class, except for the women of the knight's own household, over whom he exercised complete authority. This article explores, for the first time, whether these chivalric values might explain sentencing outcomes in capital cases. The data for the article comes from our original study of 1299 first degree murder cases in California, whose death penalty scheme accords prosecutors and juries virtually unlimited discretion in making the death-selection decision. We examine sentencing outcomes for three particular types of murder where a "chivalry effect" might be expected - gang murders, rape murders and domestic violence murders. In cases involving single victims, the results were striking. In gang murders, the death sentence rate was less than one-tenth the overall death sentence rate. By contrast, in rape murder cases, the death sentence rate was nine times the overall death sentence rate. The death sentence rate for single-victim domestic violence murders was roughly 25% lower than the overall death sentence rate. We also examined, through this study and earlier California studies, more general data on gender disparities in death sentencing and found substantial gender-of-defendant and gender-of-victim disparities. Women guilty of capital murder are far less likely than men to be sentenced to death, and defendants who kill women are far more likely to be sentenced to death than defendants who kill men. We argue that all of these findings are consistent with chivalric norms, and we conclude that, in the prosecutors' decisions to seek death and juries' decisions to impose it, chivalry appears to be alive and well. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1767508 ) [2592] => Array ( [objectID] => 6902 [title] => A Heavy Thumb on the Scale: The Effect of Victim Iimpact Evidence On Capital Decision Making [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-heavy-thumb-on-the-scale-the-effect-of-victim-iimpact-evidence-on-capital-decision-making/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The past several decades have seen the emergence of a movement in the criminal justice system that has called for a greater consideration for the rights of victims. One manifestation of this movement has been the “right” of victims or victims' families to speak to the sentencing body through what are called victim impact statements about the value of the victim and the full harm that the offender has created. Although victim impact statements have been a relatively noncontroversial part of regular criminal trials, their presence in capital cases has had a more contentious history. The U.S. Supreme Court overturned previous decisions and explicitly permitted victim impact testimony in capital cases in Payne v. Tennessee (1991). The dissenters in that case argued that such evidence only would arouse the emotions of jurors and bias them in favor of imposing death. A body of research in behavioral economics on the “identifiable victim effect” and the “identifiable wrongdoer effect” would have supported such a view. Using a randomized controlled experiment with a death-eligible sample of potential jurors and the videotape of an actual penalty trial in which victim impact evidence (VIE) was used, we found that these concerns about VIE are perhaps well placed. Subjects who viewed VIE testimony in the penalty phase were more likely to feel negative emotions like anger, hostility, and vengeance; were more likely to feel sympathy and empathy toward the victim; and were more likely to have favorable perceptions of the victim and victim's family as well as unfavorable perceptions of the offender. We found that these positive feelings toward the victim and family were in turn related to a heightened risk of them imposing the death penalty. We found evidence that part of the effect of VIE on the decision to impose death was mediated by emotions of sympathy and empathy. We think our findings open the door for future work to put together better the causal story that links VIE to an increased inclination to impose death as well as explore possible remedies. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2010.00220.x/abstract ) [2593] => Array ( [objectID] => 7002 [title] => The death penalty in Council of Europe member and observer states: a violation of human rights [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-council-of-europe-member-and-observer-states-a-violation-of-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Parliamentary Assembly is opposed to the death penalty in all circumstances. The European experience has shown conclusively that the death penalty is not needed to check violent crime. The United States of America and Japan, as observer states, and Belarus, which aspires to membership of the Council of Europe are invited to join the growing consensus among democratic countries that protect human rights and human dignity by abolishing the death penalty. The report addresses a series of specific recommendations to the United States, Japan and Belarus aimed at promoting a moratorium on executions followed by definitive abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://assembly.coe.int/ASP/XRef/X2H-DW-XSL.asp?fileid=17986&lang=EN ) [2594] => Array ( [objectID] => 7056 [title] => A blow to human rights: Taiwan resumes executions: The Death Penalty in Taiwan, 2010 [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-blow-to-human-rights-taiwan-resumes-executions-the-death-penalty-in-taiwan-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report details the administration of the death penalty in Taiwan. It discusses Taiwans obligations under international law, how executions are carried out, the profile of the condemned, discrimination in the sysem and discusses placing a moratorium on executions in Taiwan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://issuu.com/taedp/docs/taedp_report2010_en ) [2595] => Array ( [objectID] => 7068 [title] => PUBLIC OPINION ON THE MANDATORY DEATH PENALTY IN TRINIDAD: A SUMMARY OF THE MAIN FINDINGS OF A SURVEY [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/public-opinion-on-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-trinidad-a-summary-of-the-main-findings-of-a-survey/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A survey of the opinions of a representative sample of 1,000 residents of Trinidad, almost all of them citizens, on the very topical subject of the death penalty, in particular the support for and use of the mandatory death penalty for murder under current Trinidadian law, has just been completed. The data was collected in Trinidad (but not Tobago for reasons largely of the cost involved in collecting a small sample of interviews) by face-to-face interviews between 16th November and 16th December 2010. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/fulltexts/49/original/11.02.23_SUMMARY_EDITED_PO_REPORT_REVISED_23_FEB1.pdf?1298482044 ) [2596] => Array ( [objectID] => 7088 [title] => Promises Unfulfilled: An Assessment of China’s National Human Rights Action Plan [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/promises-unfulfilled-an-assessment-of-chinas-national-human-rights-action-plan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In August 2010, the Chinese government announced a draft amendment to China’s criminal law which would eliminate the death penalty for a total of 13 “economy-related nonviolent offenses,” including the smuggling of precious metals and cultural relics out of the country. However, the government has provided no indication regarding if or when the draft amendment might be approved, and, in September 2010, Chen Sixi, member of the National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee and vice chairman of the NPC’s Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs, announced that the government would not in fact pursue these reforms. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2011/01/11/promises-unfulfilled-0 ) [2597] => Array ( [objectID] => 7089 [title] => World Report 2011 [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-report-2011/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report is does not specificly concern the death penalty but examines the use of the death penalty on juveniles and those with mental illness in many retentionist countries. It contains information gathered in 2009. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2010 ) [2598] => Array ( [objectID] => 7153 [title] => Death sentences and executions in 2010 [timestamp] => 1293840000 [date] => 01/01/2011 [annee] => 2011 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the last decade, more than 30 countries have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Fifty-eight countries worldwide now retain the death penalty for ordinary crimes, and less than half of these carried out executions in 2010. This report analyzes some of the key developments in the worldwide application of the death penalty in 2010, citing figures gathered by Amnesty International on the number of death sentences handed down and executions carried out during the year. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2011/en/ea1b6b25-a62a-4074-927d-ba51e88df2e9/act500012011en.pdf ) [2599] => Array ( [objectID] => 4741 [title] => UN resolution: the abolitionist front grows stronger again [timestamp] => 1292976000 [date] => 22/12/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-resolution-the-abolitionist-front-grows-stronger-again/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of a third resolution calling for a universal moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => Supported by an increasing number of co-sponsor countries, it reaffirms resolutions 62/149 and 63/168 of 18 December 2007 and 2008, “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, and recognizes the global trend towards the abolition of the death penalty.In Asia, the largest retentionist area in the world, a breakthrough occurred. Mongolia and Thailand had previously voted against the resolution and signed a statement of dissociation but respectively voted in favour and abstained for the first time this year.Bhutan and Maldives, which had abstained before, voted in favour of this third resolution.In the Arab countries, the positive trend that started in 2008 continued: Algeria officially co sponsored the resolution and seven other Arab countries abstained for the second time. Increasing supportThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the increasing support for the resolution (+3) and congratulates the 109 governments that voted in favour. The World Coalition regrets that 41 (-5) voted against the Resolution and that 35 (+1) abstained. 7 were absent. The text of the new resolution welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 63/168 and welcomes the steps taken by some countries to reduce the use of the death penalty. The Secretary-General is requested to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of this third resolution.Another resolution on a moratorium will be then further discussed under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights” in 2012. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2600] => Array ( [objectID] => 4742 [title] => Kyrgyzstan becomes 73rd country to pass irreversible abolition [timestamp] => 1292544000 [date] => 17/12/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/kyrgyzstan-becomes-73rd-country-to-pass-irreversible-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Following one year of lobbying led by the World Coalition, the Central Asian country has become a party to the UN protocol on the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => On December 6 Kyrgyzstan acceded to UN protocol on the abolition of the death penalty, becoming the 73rd state party to this treaty since its adoption in 1989.Up until its accession, Kyrgyzstan was one of several World Coalition target countries in its campaign for the ratification of the text, officially known as the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.Advocacy work started in October 2009 with the official launch of the campaign. Since then the World Coalition and its partners, the countries ‘friends of the Protocol’, convened meetings with the authorities, sent reports to the UN and official letters to the President and Parliament.That was the case in November 2009, when the Parliament rejected the bill for the ratification of the Protocol. The bill was reintroduced and subsequently adopted in February 2010.Accession despite political turmoilThe World Coalition sent a second letter shortly afterwards to congratulate the President and Parliament for passing the law for the ratification and urged them to deposit the instrument of ratification with the Secretary General of the UN for the ratification to be officially recognised under international law. Kyrgyzstan’s accession took nine more months because of political turmoil in the country.Kyrgyzstan has been an abolitionist country since 1998 when the last execution took place and an unofficial moratorium on executions started. In December 2006 the Constitution was revised and in June 2007 the death penalty was abolished in law with its removal from the Penal Code.At an international level Kyrgyzstan voted in favour of the United National General Assembly resolutions on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty in 2007 and 2008. Kyrgyzstan has also committed itself to voting in favour of the upcoming moratorium resolution in December 2010 and, as in 2008, is co-sponsoring the resolution.Kyrgyzstan has joined some of its closest neighbours, namely Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan as a state party to the Second Optional Protocol. It is hoped that other Central Asian nations, such as Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, will follow Kyrgyzstan’s lead and join the worldwide trend towards the abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kyrgyzstan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2601] => Array ( [objectID] => 4743 [title] => Global mobilisation against Iraq’s high-profile death sentences [timestamp] => 1291420800 [date] => 04/12/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/global-mobilisation-against-iraqs-high-profile-death-sentences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Several former associates of Saddam Hussein have been sentenced to death. The Iraqi President, NGOs and international diplomats are now fighting to save their lives. [texte] => Tariq Aziz (photo), the Iraqi deputy prime minister during Suddam Hussein’s regime, was found guilty by the Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal of “deliberate murder and crimes against humanity”, and sentenced to death on 26 October.Aziz is joined on death row by Sa’doun Shakir, the former interior minister, as well as Mizban Khuder Hadi and ‘Aziz Salih al-Noaman, two former senior officials under Saddam Hussein. All three have found support from a wide range of influential organizations and individuals that are working together to have their death sentences commuted.The sheer number of abolitionist actors that have mobilized to prevent their executions shows that these cases illustrate the inutility of the death penalty.On 25 November, the European Parliament adopted a resolution which reiterates its general opposition to the death penalty and its specific opposition to Aziz’s death sentence as it “will do little to improve the climate of violence in Iraq” when the country “is in dire need of national reconciliation”.The Vatican steps inLikewise, Fr Federico Lombardi, a spokesperson from the Vatican, urged Iraq not to execute Aziz, a Christian who was a personal friend to the late John Paul II. Lombardi has stated that commuting the sentence would encourage reconciliation and the rebuilding of peace and justice in Iraq. He also announced that the Vatican would likely intervene through diplomatic channels. Iraqi Archbishop Louis Sako has agreed with the Vatican saying that seeking the death penalty in Aziz’s case is “an act of vengeance” and is a “sign of the government’s weakness.”Italy has been especially animated after its Senate unanimously voted for a bipartisan motion that commits the Government to act with urgency to prevent the execution of Tareq Aziz and his co-accused. To help achieve this Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini flew to Baghdad accompanied by European Parliament member Marco Pannella.Former British MP Tony Benn, and human rights writer Felicity Arbuthnot called on British Prime Minister David Cameron to take action. “Any lack of action, which results in another lynching, will impose that horror on any citizen of conscience, since we are, so we are told, a democracy. We beseech you to act,” they wrote.NGOs have also voiced their opinion on the matter. Sergio D’Elia, the Secretary of Hands Off Cain, a World Coalition member organisation, has called for a “moratorium on the death penalty for Tariq Aziz”.Two more World Coalition members, Amnesty International and the Community of Sant'Egidio, have called for urgent action to save the lives of those former Iraqi officials who could be facing execution within 30 days of their sentence.President Talabani opposes the executionPerhaps the most positive and influential show of support has come from Iraq’s President Jalal Talabani who has made it clear that he will not sign Aziz’s execution order. He said: “I feel for Tareq Aziz, because he’s an Iraqi Christian, and he’s also an elderly person, over 70 years old. That’s why I will never sign this execution order.”President Talabani, an Iraqi Kurd, is showing his support despite the fact that Aziz has also been convicted by the Iraqi court for his role in the crackdown on Iraq’s Kurdish minority.Unfortunately for Aziz and the others, history has shown that President Talabani’s refusal to sign an execution order may not be enough stop an execution. In 2006, Saddam Hussein’s execution order was signed by his two deputies but not signed by the Iraqi President despite it being an express requirement under Iraq’s Constitution and Criminal Procedure Law.Furthermore, the Iraqi Government has consistently maintained that the President’s signature on the execution order is not necessary when the death sentence is issued by the Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal.Nevertheless, Aziz’s lawyer, Giovanni Di Stefano, predicts that a pardon will be granted. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq [1] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2602] => Array ( [objectID] => 4744 [title] => 10.10.10 Looking back on the World Day in Asia [timestamp] => 1291334400 [date] => 03/12/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/10-10-10-looking-back-on-the-world-day-in-asia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/a9fb4dea4f1826734050703263be38be_2-500x279.jpg [extrait] => The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network rounds up reports from the main events organised across the Asia-Pacific region for World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10. [texte] => Only two weeks before the World Day against the Death Penalty, Iranian President Mahmud Ahmadinejad accused the United States of hypocrisy in the execution of Teresa Lewis, when former US President Bill Clinton had recently spoken out against the punishment of death by stoning. The focus on the US this year served as a reminder that this high profile country presents an important hurdle in the fight for abolition worldwide.Thank you to everyone who organised and attended activities and issued statements for the World Day against the Death Penalty, which focussed on the USA this year, and thanks to those of you who have sent in your stories. These are some of the events held by ADPAN members in recognition of the day:Australian Lawyers for Human Rights and Australians Against Capital Punishment organised a dinner for over 250 people in Brisbane, at which David Marr was the guest speaker.In Hyderabad, India, the People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), Andhra Pradesh unit, organised a programme with Jana Chaitanya Vedika at Hyderabad Press Club. Former Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court, Justice Ambati Lakshamana Rao, gave the keynote speech.Action for Peace and Human Rights (APHR) had a meeting to commemorate the World Day against the Death Penalty, and have launched a blog: http://prisonnotes-aphr.blogspot.com/ to share information with supporters of the anti-death penalty campaign.Japanese action from Italy to TokyoAt an event in Forlì, Italy, entitled ‘A strange fruit, a bitter crop: the death penalty in the USA and Japan,’ Yukari Saito, member of Forum 90, gave a talk on ‘The Japanese noose: a knot of power difficult to loose.’ AI Japan organised a demonstration in Tokyo in which 80 people took part, and the organisers presented poetry, essays and painting contributed by death row inmates.In Indonesia, the Commission for the Disappeared and Victims of Violence (KontraS) hosted a press conference to evaluate the situation of the death penalty, with an exhibition of posters, prior to a peace demonstration in Jakarta. They met with the Minister of Foreign Affairs to discuss the issue of Indonesians on death row in foreign countries, and reported a good response from him.Odhikar and FIDH published a joint report on the use of the death penalty in Bangladesh, entitled Criminal justice through the prism of capital punishment and the fight against terrorism, which was presented in Dhaka to the Bangladeshi authorities, civil society and the media during an FIDH visit from 8 to 12 October.Members of AI Thailand held a silent action in the city centre to raise awareness about the death penalty (photo), and there was an in-house discussion on the arguments for and against the death penalty.Film festivalThe Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) organised a three day film festival called ‘Murder by Numbers.’ It opened with a documentary on the case of Lu Cheng, whose sister Lu Ching believes was wrongfully executed in September 2000.AI Malaysia presented a play based on the life story of Yong Vui Kong, entitled Banduan Akhir Di Sel Akhir, at Black Box Theatre in Kuala Lumpur.The Singapore Anti-Death Penalty Campaign (SADPC) published a statement calling for a moratorium on the death penalty in Singapore, to their blog and to The Online Citizen.The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) held public awareness meetings across Pakistan, and sent a letter on the occasion of the World Day welcoming the moratorium on executions in place in the country since November 2008, to the President, Asif Ali Zardari. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia [1] => Bangladesh [2] => India [3] => Indonesia [4] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [5] => Italy [6] => Japan [7] => Pakistan [8] => Singapore [9] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2603] => Array ( [objectID] => 4745 [title] => NGOs seek abolition before African human rights body, The Gambia bucks the trend [timestamp] => 1290729600 [date] => 26/11/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ngos-seek-abolition-before-african-human-rights-body-the-gambia-bucks-the-trend/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights met in Banjul between November 10-24. A group of abolitionist organisations took part in the conference. [texte] => During the opening session of the 48th ordinary session of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR), World Coalition member organisations International Federation of ACAT, Foundation for Human Rights Initiative, International Harm Reduction Association, World Organisation Against Torture and Penal Reform International read a joint statement to the ACHPR.The statement congratulated Burundi and Togo for joining the world’s abolitionist community in 2009 and also Burkina Faso, Benin and Mali which have shown political will to move towards the abolition of the death penalty. According to the joint statement, “this is a strong indication that abolition of the death penalty is gaining ground within the African Union.”However, the joint statement expressed its regret that The Gambia’s National Assembly increased the number of crimes punishable by death to include drug trafficking, theft and human trafficking. These new provisions for the death penalty violate international law which allows for the use of the death penalty but strictly for the most serious of crimes. The joint statement urged the Gambian President Yahya Jammeh not to promulgate this law.“Humanity is better off without capital punishment”In a separate statement, Leo Igwe, the director of the International Humanist and Ethical Union, also a member of the World Coalition, urged the Gambian President to join other nations in abolishing the death penalty. He asserted that “capital punishment casts a long shadow on the democracy of any country” and that the “justice system in The Gambia is better off without it. Humanity is better off without capital punishment”.The Gambia’s Justice Minister, Edward Gomez, defended the use of the death penalty in his country and supported the taking up of the executions once again despite the last one taking place in 1981. He argued that NGOs should not meddle in the affairs of a small state like The Gambia when larger states such as the United States still maintain the death penalty.The ACHPR’s working group on the death penalty presented a resolution which seeks the abolition of the death penalty in Africa and which was modeled on the UN resolution for a moratorium on executions. The resolution was not adopted. The same working group has recommended that the ACHPR supports the work of abolitionist NGOs. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Gambia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2604] => Array ( [objectID] => 4746 [title] => United Nations headed for new moratorium resolution [timestamp] => 1289779200 [date] => 15/11/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/united-nations-headed-for-new-moratorium-resolution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A proposed United Nations General Assembly resolution calling for a global suspension of executions has gained the support of two more countries pending a plenary vote next month. [texte] => The Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly (photo) has adopted a draft resolution calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty on November 11 in New York.The text “calls upon all States that still maintain the death penalty ... to establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty”. It also asks retentionist countries to publish data on their use of the death penalty and to respect the rights of those sentenced to death.107 UN member states voted in favour of the resolution in the committee vote, 38 voted against it and 36 abstained. Only 106 countries had supported a similar resolution in 2008, 46 had voted against it and 34 had abstained. In 2007, there were 104 votes in favour, 54 against and 29 abstentions.Bhutan, Kiribati, Maldives, Mongolia and Togo changed their vote to back the moratorium.“Courageous choice”Mario Marazziti, a spokesman for World Coalition member organisation Community of Sant’Egidio, said: “The Community of Sant'Egidio has worked directly with the change in two countries, Mongolia and the Maldives, which have switched from the opposition front to the abolitionist front. The courageous choice of those important countries is a particular cause for satisfaction and proof that the change is also coming from Asia and from countries with a Muslim tradition.”Amnesty International, also a member of the World Coalition, welcomed the vote too. “This third resolution by the UN General Assembly in favour of a moratorium on executions is yet another milestone in the campaign to end premeditated killing by the state,” said José Luis Díaz, Amnesty’s representative at the UN in New York.The UN General Assembly in December will take a final vote on the resolution at its plenary session in December. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bhutan [1] => Kiribati [2] => Maldives [3] => Mongolia [4] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2605] => Array ( [objectID] => 4747 [title] => Abolition on the agenda of the National Assembly in DR Congo [timestamp] => 1289001600 [date] => 06/11/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-on-the-agenda-of-the-national-assembly-in-dr-congo/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty issue is back on the parliamentary agenda in the Democratic Republic of Congo thanks to a legislative sequence welcomed by local abolitionists. [texte] => On November 4, the National Assembly (photo) in Kinshasa began to discuss a bill aimed at harmonising Congolese law with the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Two MPs have been playing a key role in that debate: Nyabirungu Mwene Songa, who has been promoting the bill, and his colleague André Mbata, with whom he co-signed another bill for the abolition of the death penalty in 2008.Their argument is simple: how could Congolese law provide for capital punishment for crimes such as murder, while it is being harmonised with an international criminal law that does not sentenced to death those responsible for far worse crimes including genocide?Motion passedMbata introduced a motion calling for the 2008 abolition bill to be examined as a preliminary to the debate on the implementation of the Rome Statute. The next day, the chair of the Assembly rubberstamped it and put the issue on the agenda for “the next appropriate plenary”.Liévin Ngondji, the president of World Coalition member organisation Culture for Peace and Justice, believes that the Assembly could start discussing the abolition bill as early as November 7. He has spent the last few days dashing between parliamentarians and diplomats from abolitionist countries close to the DRC to secure their support.On October 9, Ngondji had presented a press conference on the occasion of the World Day Against the Death Penalty calling for “everyone’s support for the Congolese parliament’s tabling of the Mbata/Nyabirungu death penalty abolition bill”.November 26 updateA majority of the members of the National Assembly rejected the abolition bill on November 25. Mbata referred to the right to life enshrined in the Congolese constitution to defend his draft legislation, but a number of his colleagues argued that the ongoing war in several regions of the country meant that this was not a good time to abolish the death penalty.Nonetheless, the abolition bill was an opportunity for unprecented debates on the death penalty in DR Congo's parliament and media. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2606] => Array ( [objectID] => 4748 [title] => British sodium thiopental finds its way into Arizonian death chamber [timestamp] => 1288656000 [date] => 02/11/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/british-sodium-thiopental-finds-its-way-into-arizonian-death-chamber/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A shortage in one of the component of lethal injections has led to the drug being imported from Britain in violation of European law to carry out an execution in Arizona. [texte] => Convicted killer Jeffery Landrigan was executed by lethal injection on October 26 for the 1989 murder of Chester Dean Dyer in Phoenix. The execution took place despite the fact that there is a nationwide shortage of sodium thiopental, the anesthetic in the three-drug cocktail. The drug was rushed in from Britain for the execution.Landrigan’s lawyers raised questions over the quality and constitutionality of using the sodium thiopental that was imported from Britain. They argued that the drugs could be of such poor quality that Landrigan could suffer pain during his execution.The US District Court and the 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals granted a temporary restraining order on the execution based on this argument. The courts wanted the State of Arizona to disclose where and how it had obtained the sodium thiopental.Unfortunately the Supreme Court agreed by a 5-4 decision with Arizona prosecutors that there was no reason to force disclosure and the restraining order was lifted. The court order stated that "there was no showing that the drug was unlawfully obtained, nor was there an offer of proof to that effect”.Complex chainArchimedes Pharma, the only licensed manufacturer of sodium thiopental in Britain according to the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, denied exporting the drug. Archimedes said that once the drugs entered the complex chain of medical supplies it cannot know where it was eventually sold. EU Council Regulation 1236/2005 makes it illegal to “trade in certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment”. World Coalition member organisation Amnesty International said that Arizona's use of a drug obtained in Britain "raises serious questions about whether there are proper controls on equipment that could be used to torture and kill". Amnesty called for tighter EU controls to ensure that drugs cannot be exported for use in executions in the future. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2607] => Array ( [objectID] => 4749 [title] => From death row to elusive freedom [timestamp] => 1288051200 [date] => 26/10/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/from-death-row-to-elusive-freedom/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ron Keine, an exonerated former prisoner turned activist, shares his story so that the United States may one day join the rest of the civilized world in abolishing the death penalty. [texte] => "Hey Mom, pass the turkey, please."I silently watch as the wave of many pairs of hands pass the heaving platter to my end of the table. Just as I am forking slices of dark meat onto my plate, I hear the loud slam of a metal door, the clanging of steel bars jarring me awake. I am back on death row again. I shoot a look at the calendar. Good. I still have a few weeks to live. I renew my pledge not to make it easy for them. I have been practicing holding my breath for the last year and a half.The other day, the assistant warden asked me if I had a special request for the moment when the pellets fall in the gas chamber. I said, "Yes, will you hold my hand?" I hold my shaving mirror outside of the bars at a 45-degree angle. I can see the trustee pushing the food cart, sliding a tray into each cell as he makes his way down the row. I don't have to wonder what's for breakfast. It's the same thing every day. Cold chopped potatoes with chili sauce splattered on it. It looks like someone already tried to eat it. We used to get a hard-boiled egg on Sundays, but that ended when the assistant warden caught one in the back of the head. Nice hit. It was almost worth the prisoners' excitement over the next two days. In our mundane routine of life on death row, the slightest deviation was eventful. But that was eight months ago. I miss that stupid egg on Sundays. It may not seem like a big deal to most people, but when you live in a 6-by-9-foot cell, an egg is something you look forward to all week.These were my musings 35 years ago, back when I sat on death row for a crime I did not commit.Now I can eat eggs every morning. But every night I relive my death row experiences. Every day, I still struggle to contain the anger rising inside of me.Frankly, every time I awaken from this nightmare of finding myself back on death row, I'm embarrassed. I have been out for a long time. I should be over it by now. But every time I get lost in a book or daydream, when I wake up in the morning, or look up from a crossword puzzle or read a newspaper, the feeling creeps up on me. I'm back on death row. And I am not alone.With the other exonerated death-row survivors I work with, we often talk about our mutual feeling of never feeling really free. Death row is a special hell for innocent people. We were going to be murdered as punishment for crimes we did not commit. And we were the lucky ones who were exonerated. Others were executed who were as innocent as we were. Think about that.So I have the deepest respect and admiration for people like Juan Melendez, Ray Krone, Gary Gauger, Freddie Lee Pitts, and the others who travel around our country speaking about our experiences on death row to anyone who will listen. We are black, brown, and white, conservative and liberal, rural and urban, but we have all dedicated our lives to sharing our stories with our fellow Americans, so that the United States will join the rest of the civilized world in abolishing the death penalty.But just before a speech or an interview, we gather together. We lend support to each other for the next small step in our journey as death row survivors. We're vigilant about each other's psychological state, because we silently know that even though the audience will not see it, every time we talk about our experiences it puts us right back on death row. The cruel and unusual Groundhog Day we relive every time we publicly speak at colleges, churches, and civic organizations won't end until the death penalty does. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2608] => Array ( [objectID] => 4750 [title] => “Irreversible trend towards abolition” – OSCE [timestamp] => 1286841600 [date] => 12/10/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/irreversible-trend-towards-abolition-osce/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Organisation of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)’s Report entitled “The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2010” was published and discussed during the “Exchange of views on abolition of capital punishment”. [texte] => When presenting the Report, Mr Eric Svanidze said: “there is an overall trend towards abolition and it is irreversible: OSCE states resisted attempts to reinstate the death penalty” “I am sure that Europe will be a death penalty free continent in the coming year.”Fruitful debates followed this presentation, during which NGOs and participating states encouraged the 6 countries that still retain the death penalty in their legislation (Belarus, the USA, Russia, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Latvia) to completely abolish it.Read official declarations by the participants [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => Kazakhstan [2] => Latvia [3] => Russian Federation [4] => Tajikistan [5] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2609] => Array ( [objectID] => 4751 [title] => Strong support for US abolitionists on World Day [timestamp] => 1286755200 [date] => 11/10/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/strong-support-for-us-abolitionists-on-world-day/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10.10.10, the 8th World Day against the Death Penalty focused on ending the use of the death penalty in the United States of America. Since 2003, abolitionists have taken actions all over the world every 10 October to raise awareness and opposition to the death penalty. [texte] => Progress towards abolitionAlthough executions continue, the number of those sentenced to death has reduced. Today in the USA, 15 states do not have the death penalty and 11 more made legislative proposals to abolish capital punishment in 2009.In 2002 the Supreme Court prohibited the execution of the mentally ill, and in 2005 it prohibited the death penalty for offenders who were under 18 years old at the time of the crime. 2009 also saw a decrease in the number of death sentences, and the number of executions is trending down.This World Day is the opportunity for abolitionists to work together, in the United States and abroad, to help continue this trend of restricting the use of the death penalty and to work to educate the public to bring about the end of its use.By 2009, 139 countries in the world had abolished the death penalty in law or in practice, and 18 of the 58 retentionist states actually executed people. To support the American movement to end the death penalty is also to support abolition all over the world, to take another step towards universal abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles [1] => Mental Illness [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2610] => Array ( [objectID] => 4752 [title] => California’s moratorium holds [timestamp] => 1286755200 [date] => 11/10/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/californias-moratorium-holds/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A few days out from the World Day Against the Death Penalty, California has decided not to resume executions. A shortage of one of the drugs used for lethal injections gives death row inmates and abolitionists more time to continue the legal battle. [texte] => The moratorium was supposed to be broken with the execution of 56-year-old inmate Albert Greenwood Brown on Thursday 30 September after spending 28 years on death row for the rape and murder of 15-year-old Susan Jordan in 1982.California’s moratorium on executions was initiated at the will of US District Court Judge Jeremy Fogel in December 2006, who placed a de facto moratorium on executions so that prison officials could overhaul the execution process to ensure that it complies with the US Constitution which states that punishments cannot be cruel or unusual.The state formally adopted new lethal injection protocol on August 29 of this year despite 30,000 objections from the general public. The Office of Administrative Law (OAL) rejected the first revised protocol in June. The day after the OAL adopted the protocol the Riverside County District Attorney's Office obtained an execution date for Brown.Fortunately for Brown, numerous court battles over the new protocol resulted in the State Supreme Court’s decision to push his execution date back to Friday 1 October, which coincided with the expiration of the State’s supply of sodium thiopental – the first in the three-drug cocktail, supposed to render Brown unconscious.Attempt to rush the executionWithout the anesthetic the execution did not proceed and will wait until early 2011 at the earliest. The Attorney General’s Office has come under fire from anti-death penalty proponents and Brown’s attorneys who claim that they were rushing to have Mr. Brown executed before the expiration of the sodium thiopental.California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger refused to grant clemency in the form of a reprieve stating that “Brown’s jury reasonably concluded that a penalty of death was appropriate in this case, and I have no reason to disagree”. Brown’s request for clemency is substantially based on the fact that mitigating mental-impairment information was not presented to the jury before it delivered its penalty judgment.Mr. Rosenberg, a spokesperson for Hospira, the only company that supplies the drug to the State, said that they will not be able to provide more of the anesthesia until 2011. He also asserted his displeasure that the drug has found its way into State death chambers as it’s meant to save lives. He stated: “The drug is not indicated for capital punishment, and Hospira does not support its use in this procedure.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Mental Illness [2] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2611] => Array ( [objectID] => 25490 [title] => Detailed Factsheet 2010 [timestamp] => 1286668800 [date] => 10/10/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/detailed-factsheet-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Detailed Factsheet 2010 [texte] => [ USA DEATH PENALTY – FACTS AND FIGURES ] [ 1 ] [ WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY ][ USA FACT SHEETFOR WORLD DAY 2010[ A BRIEF HISTORYOF THE DEATH PENALTY IN THE USAIn the 1930s there were more executions than in any other decade in American his-tory, an average of 167 per year.In the 1950s, public sentiment began to turn away from capital punishment. Many al-lied nations either abolished or limited the death penalty, and in the U.S., the numberof executions dropped dramatically.Moratorium - The issue of arbitrariness of the death penalty was brought before theSupreme Court in 1972 in Furman v. Georgia. With the Furman decision the SupremeCourt set the standard that a punishment would be "cruel and unusual" if it was toosevere for the crime, if it was arbitrary, if it offended society's sense of justice, or it ifwas not more effective than a less severe penalty. The decision led to a 4 year mora-torium on the death penalty. The states that wanted to maintain the death penaltyrewrote their death penalty statutes to eliminate the problems cited in Furman.In March 2005, the Supreme Court in Roper v. Simmons ruled that the death penaltyfor those who had committed their crimes while under 18 years of age was cruel andunusual punishment and hence barred by the Constitution.In 2009, 11 states considered legislative proposals to repeal the death penalty,a considerable increase from previous years.[ GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE DEATH PENALTY• Abolitionist states = 15 (excluding Puerto Rico with is also abolitionist)• Retentionist states = 35• The US Government and US Military are both retentionist.W O R L DCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.org[ USA DEATH PENALTY – FACTS AND FIGURES ] [ 2 ] [ WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY ][ State/Federal ExecutionsTop 5 – 2009 Top 5 – Since the end Top 5 – Everof the Furman Moratorium in 1976Texas 24 Texas 452 Virginia 1,383Alabama 6 Virginia 106 Texas 1,207Ohio 5 Oklahoma 92 US Military 1,206Oklahoma 3 Florida 69 New York 1,130Virginia 3 Missouri 67 Pennsylvania 1,043USA Total 52 USA Total 1,200 USA Total 17,255[ THE TWO MAIN CRIMES THAT CAN ATTRACT A DEATH PENALTY SENTENCE• Murder (all 35 retentionist states + US Government and US Military)• Felony Murder/Law of Parties ( 23 retentionist states and US Government)[ STATES AND METHODS OF EXECUTIONSThe method of execution may depend on a number of factors including, the date theoffence was committed, the availability of methods of execution and/or the preferenceof the person condemned.• Death by Lethal Injection = 35 (every retentionist state) + US Military and US Go-vernment• Death by Electric Chair = 9 (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Okla-homa, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)• Death by Gas Chamber = 5 (Arizona, California, Maryland, Missouri, Wyoming)• Death by Hanging = 2 (New Hampshire and Washington)• Death by Firing Squad = 2 (Oklahoma and Utah)NB The US Government uses the method of execution of the state where the sentenceis imposed.[ Death Row (as of March 2009)Top 5 – Highest Death Row Top 5 Highest Female Death RowPopulations in USA Populations in USACalifornia 690 California 15Florida 430 Texas 10Texas 342 North Carolina 4Pennsylvania 225 Pennsylvania 3Alabama 200 Mississippi 3USA Total 3,285 USA Total 53[ DEATH SENTENCESIn 2009, the number of new death sentences nationwide reached the lowest levelsince the death penalty was reinstated in 1976. There is a clear trend showing a steadydecrease in the overall number of death sentences handed down nationwide. Thisdecrease is particularly noticeable in the southern states.[ USA DEATH PENALTY – FACTS AND FIGURES ] [ 3 ] [ WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY ][ DP Sentencing By Region[ A DISCRIMINATORYAND DYSFUNCTIONAL SYSTEM[ DEATH ROWStudies have repeatedly shown that race is a critical factor in the determination of whois sentenced to death. In the state of Pennsylvania, for example, black defendants inPhiladelphia County are sentenced to death at a significantly higher rate than simi-larly-situated non-black defendants. And over the last three decades, social scientistshave repeatedly observed that capital defendants are much more likely to be senten-ced to death for homicides involving white victims.[ Race Composition of USA [ Race Composition on Death Row [ Race Composition of ExonereesW = White B = Black H = Hispanic O = Other[ EXONERATIONSSince the end of the Furman moratorium in 1976 there have been 139 exonerations.There were 9 exonerations in 2009 alone.Eyewitness Error from confusion or faulty memoryGovernment Misconduct by both the police and the prosecutionJunk Science mishandled evidence or use of unqualified "experts"Snitch Testimony often given in exchange for a reduction in sentenceFalse Confessions resulting from mental illness or retardation, as well as from police tortureOther hearsay, questionable circumstantial evidence, etc.Number of Death Sentences200180160140120100806040200South 58West 29Mid-West 14North-East 71998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008H15%O5% B12%W68%H12%379O2%77W68%W44%1457B42%1364H9%12O1%2W68%W39%54B51%72[ USA DEATH PENALTY – FACTS AND FIGURES ] [ 4 ] [ WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY ][ Causes of Wrongful Convictions in 86 Death Row CasesThis figure adds up to more than 86 because some caseshad more than one factor present.[ Clarence BrandleySentenced in – 1981Exonerated in – 1991Accused of – Murder of 16 year old femaleBrandley was working as a high school custodian in Conroe, Texas, in 1980, when po-lice arrested him for the murder of Cheryl Fergeson, a 16-year-old student.While the police interviewed Brandley and one of his white co-workers, an interroga-tor proclaimed that, “One of you two is going to hang for this,” and told Clarence,“Since you’re the nigger, you’re elected.” In his first trial he faced an all-white jury. Onejuror refused to convict, causing a hung jury, and was met with a constant barrage ofharassment and threats after the trial ended, ridiculed for being a “nigger-lover.” Cla-rence’s second all-white jury convicted him, and in 1981 he was sentenced to death.A year later it was revealed that the majority of the murder investigation’s physical evi-dence had mysteriously disappeared while under police control. In 1986 a new witnessstepped forward claiming to know the real murderer. Yet Clarence’s defense was re-peatedly denied a new trial. With an execution date set for March 27, 1987, a vocalprotest movement around his case began to grow.In October of 1987, after extensive hearings detailing prosecutorial misconduct, thejudge declared, “In the thirty years that this court has presided over matters in the ju-dicial system, no case has presented a more shocking scenario of the effects of ra-cial prejudice…And public officials who lost sight of what is right and just.”[ Randy SteidlSentenced in – 1986Exonerated in – 2004Accused of – Murder of newlywedsRandy had poor representation, no DNA evidence to clear him, and witnesses who fa-bricated testimony against him due to police misconduct.An investigation by Illinois State police proved that local law enforcement and prose-cutors had framed Randy and co-defendant Herbert Whitlock. In 2003, Federal judgeMichael McCuskey overturned Randy's conviction and ordered a new trial, stating thatif the proper evidence had been originally investigated and presented it was "reasona-bly probable" that Randy would have been acquitted by the jury. The state re-investi-gated the case, tested DNA evidence, and found no link to Randy.Evewitness ErrorGov. MisconducJunk ScienceSnitch TestimonyFalse ConfessionOther4517910829[ USA DEATH PENALTY – FACTS AND FIGURES ] [ 5 ] [ WORLD COALITION AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY ][ A COSTLY AND INEFFICIENT SYSTEM[ The Cost of the Death PenaltyThe costs for death penalty in each state are different. In general however a statewill have the following cost:1 death penalty trial = $1million more than for a non-death penalty trialBUTOnly 1 in 3 will result in a death penalty sentenceSo, the revised cost is $3millionBUTOnly 1in 10 will result in an executionTherefore, the true cost for a state to reach 1 execution is $30millionCalifornia has the most expensive death penalty system in the US.In 2008, the California Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice released anexhaustive report on the state’s capital punishment system, concluding that it was“dysfunctional” and “broken.” The report found that the state was spending $137 mil-lion per year on the death penalty. The Commission estimated a comparable systemthat sentenced the same inmates to a maximum punishment of life without parolewould cost only $11.5 million per year. Since the number of executions in California hasaveraged less than one every two years since the death penalty was reinstated in1977, the cost for each execution is over $250 million. The state has also indicated itneeds another $400 million to construct a new death row.‘…we continue to waste hundreds of millions on the state’s dysfunctional death pe-nalty. If we replaced the death penalty with a sentence of permanent imprisonment,the state would save more than $125 million each year. We haven’t had an executionin California for three years. Are we any less safe as a result? I don’t think so’.- Police Chief Ray Samuels, Newark, CA[ DP Costs Each Year For CaliforniaSupreme CourtCA Appellate ProjectPrivate AttorneysOffice of the State Public DefenderAttorney GeneralHebeas Corpus Resource CentreTrial CostsDeath Row HousingDeath Penalty Costs ($ millions)[ IS THE DEATH PENALTY AN EFFECTIVE DETERRENTThe vast majority of the world’s top criminologists believe that empirical research hasrevealed that the deterrence hypothesis is a myth. The consensus among criminolo-gists is that the death penalty does not add any significant deterrent effect above thatof long-term imprisonment. A recent survey of the country’s top criminologists showed:• that 88% do no [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Fiche-detaillee-JM2010-EN.pdf ) [2612] => Array ( [objectID] => 25091 [title] => Poster World Day 2010 [timestamp] => 1286668800 [date] => 10/10/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster World Day against the death penalty 2010 [texte] => The Death PenaltyCasts a Shadow on Democracywww.worldcoalition.org#$%#&('" !"%5)! !6#'2/"/171810,9%"%5("/(1%5"3(,12%7We can LIVE withoutthe death penalty!4 !4 !!"#$%&'()%)&*&+,%%-&./01,2AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYCOALITIONWORLD [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Affiche-JM2010-EN-1.pdf ) [2613] => Array ( [objectID] => 25481 [title] => Facts and Figures 2010 [timestamp] => 1286668800 [date] => 10/10/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facts and Figures 2010 [texte] => [1] ABOLITIONIST AND NON-ABOLITIONIST COUNTRIESMore than two thirds of the world’s countries have abolished the death penalty inlaw or practice.• 95 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes;• 9 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes exceptextraordinary crimes such as those committed in times of war;• 35 countries are de facto abolitionists: the death penalty is still providedfor in legislation but no executions have been carried out for at least tenyears.Therefore, 139 countries have abolished the death penalty de jure or de facto.However, 58 countries and territories still uphold the death penalty and use thispunishment. That said, ‘only’ 18 countries carried out executions in 2009.[2] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDSWORLD ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYSince 1990 more than 54 countries have abolished capital punishment for allcrimes: in Africa (recent examples include Togo and Burundi); the Americas(Canada, Mexico, Paraguay and Argentina); Asia-Pacific (Bhutan, the Philippinesand Samoa); and Europe and the South Caucasus (Armenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina,Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Montenegro, Turkey and Uzbekistan).In the Americas, the USA was the only nation to carry out executions in 2009. Insub-Saharan Africa only two countries executed prisoners: Botswana and Sudan.In Asia, there were no executions in Afghanistan, Indonesia, Mongolia andPakistan in 2009, the first execution free year in those countries in recent times.In Europe, there were no executions in 2009 - however, in March 2010 Belarusexecuted 2 prisoners.[3] DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONSDuring 2009 at least 714 prisoners (excluding China) were executed in 18countries and at least 2001 people were sentenced to death in 56 countries.These figures only reflect cases of which Amnesty International was aware andthe actual number is certainly higher.In 2009, the nations with the highest number of executions were China, Iran,Iraq, Saudi Arabia and the United States.[China]Amnesty International has not given any estimates on the number or executionsin China. Official national statistics on the application of capital punishmentremain a state secret. It is therefore very difficult to obtain real, reliableinformation on the situation of the death penalty in the country. It is believedthat thousands of executions have taken place in 2009.[Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia]According to Amnesty International’s information Iran executed at least 388people. Iraq carried out 120 executions in 2009, overwhelmingly for allegedterrorist offences. In Saudi Arabia there were at least 69 executions - the truenumber could be higher.www.worldcoalition.orgSteering Committee members:Amnesty International, Arab CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty, Collectif UnitaireNational de Soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal,Coalition nationale pour l'abolition de lapeine de mor au Maroc, Community ofSant'Egidio, Death Penalty Focus, Culturepour la Paix et la Justice, Ensemble contrela peine de mort, International Federationof Human Rights Leagues, FédérationSyndicale Unitaire, International Federationof Action by Christians for the Abolition ofTorture, Lawyers For Human RightsInternational, Murder Victims’ Families forHuman Rights, National Association ofCriminal Defence Lawyers, Paris Bar, PenalReform International, Puerto Rico BarAssociation, Taiwan Alliance to End theDeath Penalty, Texas Coalition to Abolishthe Death Penalty, Tuscany Region.Other members:ACAT France, Advocates for Human Rights,ALIVE, American Friends Service Committee,Association for the Rights to Live, City ofAndoain, Association Marocaine des DroitsHumains, Action pour Education de qualité(Apeq), Bahrain Human Rights Society,Belarusian Helsinki Committee, City of Brainel’Alleud, Centre for Prisoner’s Rights, Campaignto end death penalty, Centre marocain desdroits humains, Coalition nationale tunisiennecontre la peine de mort, Collectif desOrganisations des Jeunes Solidaires du Congo-Kinshasa, Comité des Observateurs des Droitsde l’Homme, Comitato Paul Rougeau, ComitéSyndical Francophone de l'Education et de laFormation, Conférence Internationale desBarreaux, Congolese Youth Movement, ConseilNational pour les Libertés en Tunisie, CURE,Death Watch International, City of Dijon, Droitset Paix, Federation of Liberal Students, ForumAfricain contre la Peine de Mort, Forum 90Japan, Forum marocain pour la Vérité et laJustice, Foundation for Human Rights Initiative,Hands Off Cain, Hope & Justice, Human RightsWatch, Human Rights Commission of Pakistan,HURILAWS, International Organization forDiplomatic Relations, International commissionof jurists, Iranian Human Rights ActivistsGroups in EU and North America, Iraqi Alliancefor the Prevention of the death penalty, IraqiCenter for Human Rights and DemocracyStudies, Italian Coalition to Abolish the DeathPenalty, Journey of Hope, KontraS, LawStudent’s Forum, Legal and Human RightsCentre, Lifespark, Ligue des Droits de l’Homme,Ligue ivoirienne des Droits de l’Homme, LuttePour la Justice, City of Matera, MauritanianCoalition Against Death Penalty MEDEL,Mêmes droits pour tous, Michigan CommitteeAgainst Capital Punishment, Mothers AgainstDeath Penalty, Mouvement contre le Racismeet pour l’Amitié entre les Peuples, NationalCoalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, NationalLawyers Guild, Nigerian Humanist Movement,Observatoire marocain des prisons,Observatoire National des Prisons, OrdineProvinciale dei Medici-Chirurgi e degliodontoiatri di Firenze, Ordre des avocats duBarreau de Liège, Ordre des avocats deGenève, Ordre des avocats des Hauts deSeine, Ordre des Barreaux francophones etgermanophones de Belgique, Organisationmarocaine des droits humains, PacificConcerns Resource Centre, Palestinian Centrefor Human Rights, Pax Christi Uvira asbl,People of Faith Against the Death Penalty,Puerto Rican Coalition against the DeathPenalty, RADHOMA, RAIDH, City of ReggioEmilia, Rights and Democracy, ROTAB, StopChild Executions,SYNAFEN, Union Chrétiennepour le Progrès et la Défense des Droits del’Homme, Unis pour l’abolition de la peine demort, US Human Rights Network, City ofVenice, Victorian Criminal Justice Coalition,Women's Information Consultative Center,World Organisation against Torture.Executive Secretariat:ECPM3, rue Paul Vaillant Couturier92320 Chatillon, FranceTel: + 33 1 57 63 09 37Fax: + 33 1 57 63 89 25contact@worldcoalition.org[United States of America]In the United States 11 States carried outexecutions in 2009, taking the lives of 52 people(compared to 37 in 2008, 42 in 2007, 53 in 2006and 60 in 2005), therefore bringing the totalnumber of people executed since capitalpunishment was reinstated in 1977 to 1,188.The increase in 2009 (from previous years) isexplained by the resumption of executions afterthe de facto moratorium between September 2007and April 2008, when the Supreme Court wascalled to establish whether the practice of lethalinjection, used by 36 federal States, complied withthe Constitution or not. The Supreme Courtdecided that lethal injections did not break the 8thAmendment protecting citizens against “cruel andunusual punishment”. 37 executions then tookplace within 8 months, between May andDecember 2008.On 18 May 2009, the State of New Mexico abolishedthe death penalty. It is the 15th abolitionist State inthis country.[4] METHODS OF EXECUTIONSince 2000 the following methods have been used:• decapitation (Saudi Arabia);• electrocution (United States);• hanging (Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan,Pakistan, Singapore, …);• lethal injection (China, United States,Guatemala, Thailand);• execution by firing squad (Belarus, China,Somalia, Vietnam, …);• stoning (Afghanistan, Iran).[5] USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYAGAINST JUVENILE OFFENDERSInternational human rights treaties forbid the useof capital punishment for all those under 18 at thetime of the crime of which they are accused. Thisban is inscribed in the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, the American Conventionon Human Rights and the Convention on the Rightsof the Child.The countries which still uphold capitalpunishment for some crimes are all party to atleast one of these treaties which expressly forbidthe execution of juvenile offenders. However, asmall number of countries continue to executejuvenile offenders.In 2007 a total of ten child offenders wereexecuted: eight in Iran, one in Saudi Arabia andone in Yemen. In 2008, at least 8 juveniles wereexecuted in Iran according to AmnestyInternational and at least 140 others were believedto be on death row. In 2009 at least 7 juvenileswere executed in Iran (5) and Saudi Arabia (2)According to the UN Special Rapporteur in Sudan,two of the people arrested in connection to theKhartoum attacks were under 18 years of age whenthe attacks took place.[6] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTSSUPPORTING ABOLITIONOne important aspect of the progress which hasbeen made recently is the adoption ofinternational treaties through which States pledgenot to use capital punishment:• Second Optional Protocol to theInternational Covenant on Civil and PoliticalRights, which aims to abolish the death penaltyand has been ratified by 72 States. 3 othercountries have signed the Protocol, therebysignalling their intention to become party to thisinstrument at a later date;• Protocol to the American Convention onHuman Rights on the abolition of the deathpenalty, has been ratified by 11 States on theAmerican continent;• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for theProtection of Human Rights and FundamentalFreedoms (European Human Rights Convention)on the abolition of the death penalty, whichhas been ratified by 46 European States andsigned by one other;• Protocol No. 13 to the European HumanRights Convention concerning the abolition ofthe death penalty in all circumstances, whichas been ratified by 42 European States andsigned by 3 others.The object of Protocol No. 6 to the EuropeanHuman Rights Convention is the abolition of thedeath penalty in peace time whereas Protocol No.13 provides for the to [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Faits-et-chiffres-JM2010-FR.pdf ) [2614] => Array ( [objectID] => 25119 [title] => Mobilization Kit 2010 [timestamp] => 1286668800 [date] => 10/10/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Every year, the World Coalition Against the DeathPenalty (WCADP) calls for local initiatives worldwide.The events involve citizens and organisationssupporting the abolition of capital punishment andcomprise debates, concerts, press releases or anyother action which would give the global abolition claiman international boost.This Day is aimed at both political leaders and publicopinion in countries where the death penalty has orhas not yet been abolished: people have to rememberthe meaning of abolition and pass it down through thegenerations.They must be aware that justice without the deathpenalty is possible [texte] => 10 OCTOBER 20108TH WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYGRASSROOTSMOBILISATION KITTABLE OF CONTENTS1 Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 2• The 8th World Day: 10 October 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..p. 2• The aims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . p. 22 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 33 WORLD DAY 2010: Death Penalty in the USA. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . p. 44 The World Day: Take Actions! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 6• 10 Things you can do to end the death penalty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 6• Material for the 8th World Day . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 6• Call for initiatives, some suggestions for 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 7•10 examples of actions taken in 10 different countries in 2009. . . . . . . . . . .p. 75 Additional Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 8• Reports on the death penalty and websites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p.8• Filmography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 8• Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 96 Join the Coalition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 107 Contacts Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 11-16For more information:www.worldcoalition.orgSteering Committee members:Amnesty International, Arab CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty, Collectif UnitaireNational de Soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal,Coalition nationale pour l'abolition de la peinede mort au Maroc, Community ofSant'Egidio, Death Penalty Focus, Culturepour la Paix et la Justice, Ensemble contre lapeine de mort, International Federation ofHuman Rights Leagues, FédérationSyndicale Unitaire, International Federationof Action by Christians for the Abolition ofTorture, Lawyers For Human RightsInternational, Murder Victims’ Families forHuman Rights, National Association ofCriminal Defence Lawyers, Paris Bar, PenalReform International, Puerto Rico BarAssociation, Taiwan Alliance to End theDeath Penalty, Texas Coalition to Abolish theDeath Penalty, Tuscany Region.Other members:ACAT France, Advocates for Human Rights,American Friends Service Committee,Association for the Rights to Live, City ofAndoain, Association Marocaine des DroitsHumains, Bahrain Human Rights Society,Belarusian Helsinki Committee, City ofBraine l’Alleud, Centre for Prisoner’s Rights,Centre marocain des droits humains,Coalition nationale tunisienne contre la peinede mort, Collectif des Organisations desJeunes Solidaires du Congo-Kinshasa,Comité des Observateurs des Droits del’Homme, Comitato Paul Rougeau, ComitéSyndical Francophone de l'Education et de laFormation, Conférence Internationale desBarreaux, Congolese Youth Movement,Conseil National pour les Libertés enTunisie, CURE, Death Watch International,City of Dijon, Federation of Liberal Students,Forum Africain contre la Peine de Mort,Forum 90 Japan, Forum marocain pour laVérité et la Justice, Foundation for HumanRights Initiative, Hands Off Cain, Hope &Justice, Human Rights Watch, Human RightsCommission of Pakistan, HURILAWS,International Organization for DiplomaticRelations, Iranian Human Rights ActivistsGroups in EU and North America, IraqiAlliance for the Prevention of the deathpenalty, Iraqi Center for Human Rights andDemocracy Studies, Italian Coalition toAbolish the Death Penalty, Journey of Hope,KontraS, Law Student’s Forum, Legal andHuman Rights Centre, Lifespark, Ligue desDroits de l’Homme, Ligue ivoirienne desDroits de l’Homme, Lutte Pour la Justice,City of Matera, MEDEL, Mothers AgainstDeath Penalty, Mouvement contre leRacisme et pour l’Amitié entre les Peuples,National Coalition to Abolish the DeathPenalty, National Lawyers Guild, NigerianHumanist Movement, Observatoire marocaindes prisons, Observatoire National desPrisons, Ordine Provinciale dei Medici-Chirurgi e degli odontoiatri di Firenze, Ordredes avocats du Barreau de Liège, Ordre desavocats des Hauts de Seine, Ordre desBarreaux francophones et germanophonesde Belgique, Organisation marocaine desdroits humains, Pacific Concerns ResourceCentre, Palestinian Centre for Human Rights,Pax Christi Uvira asbl, People of FaithAgainst the Death Penalty, Puerto RicanCoalition against the Death Penalty,RADHOMA, City of Reggio Emilia, Rightsand Democracy, ROTAB, Stop ChildExecutions, Union Chrétienne pour leProgrès et la Défense des Droits del’Homme, Unis pour l’abolition de la peine demort, US Human Rights Network, City ofVenice, Victorian Criminal Justice Coalition,Women's Information Consultative Center,World Organisation against Torture.- 2-[1] PRESENTATION• The 8th World Day: 10 October 2010Every year, the World Coalition Against the DeathPenalty (WCADP) calls for local initiatives worldwide.The events involve citizens and organisationssupporting the abolition of capital punishment andcomprise debates, concerts, press releases or anyother action which would give the global abolition claiman international boost.This Day is aimed at both political leaders and publicopinion in countries where the death penalty has orhas not yet been abolished: people have to rememberthe meaning of abolition and pass it down through thegenerations.They must be aware that justice without the deathpenalty is possible.• The aims:Encourage and consolidate the political and generalawareness of the movement against the death penaltyinternationally;Put pressure on countries to stop executions andabolish the death penalty where it is still practiced;Publicize the existence of the WCADP and its work;Ensure international recognition of the 10th Octoberas the World Day Against the Death Penalty.- 3-[2] HISTORY• The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyThe WCADP, an alliance of 108 NGOs, barassociations, local bodies and unions, was created inRome on 13 May 2002. It was founded as a result ofthe commitment made by the signatories of the FinalDeclaration of the 1st World Congress Against theDeath Penalty, which was organised by the FrenchNGO Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) inStrasbourg in June 2001. The aim of the WCADP is tostrengthen the international dimension of the fightagainst the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is toobtain the end of death sentences and executions inthose countries where the death penalty is in force. Insome countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction inthe use of capital punishment as a first step towardsabolition.The WCADP is striving to achieve these by lobbyinginternational organisations and States, organisinginternational events, and facilitating the creation anddevelopment of national and regional coalitionsagainst the death penalty.Since 2003, the WCADP has made the 10th ofOctober the World Day Against the Death Penalty.Since then, this event has been a growing success,contributing to strengthening ties in the worldabolitionist network.The 2009 World Day was marked by the launch of aneducation campaign: “Teaching Abolition". The WorldCoalition also called for an end to juvenile executionsin the countries that still execute. On this occasioninitiatives were carried out throughout the world. Thepetition against juvenile executions in Saudi Arabia,Iran, Sudan and Yemen collected over 100,000signatures.In previous years local initiatives were launchedacross the world: the 2003 World Day was celebratedin 63 countries with 188 initiatives reaching more than400 initiatives in 2006 and 2007.Furthermore, every year has been marked by thelaunch of an appeal or a petition. In 2005 42,000signatures were received and more than 100,000 in2009.Since 2005 a theme has been chosen to celebrate thisevent in order to attract attention and motivateinitiatives across the world. The first theme chosenwas abolition of the death penalty in Africa. In 2005only 12 countries African nations had abolished thedeath penalty, 21 maintained it and 20 had notexecuted prisoners sentenced to death for more thanten years.2006 was devoted to failures of justice: discrimination,execution of vulnerable groups, the execution of theinnocents and unfair trials. All these examples offailures of the justice system were illustrated byindividual cases, seeking to raise awareness amongthe population and therefore encourage signature ofpetitions and mobilisation. The following year theWorld Coalition decided to encourage an internationalmobilisation in favour of the resolution calling for theestablishment of a global moratorium on the deathpenalty at the 62nd session of the United NationsGeneral Assembly.Then, in 2008, it was Asia’s turn, the continent whichhas the greatest number of executions in the world.This year’s World Day will be devoted to the UnitedStates. The aim is to strengthen the trend towardsabolition in the United States but also worldwide..- 4-[3] WORLD DAY 10/10/10:UNITED STATES OF AMERICA• 10 reasons to end the death penalty:1- No State should have the power to takes acitizen’s life.2- It is irrevocable: no justice system is safe fromjudicial error and innocent people are likely to besentenced to death.3- It is inefficient: it has never been shown that thedeath penalty deters crimes more effectively thanother punishments.4- It is unfair: the death penalty is discriminatory andis often used disproportionately against the poor, thementally ill, those from racial and ethnic minorities, andin some places in the world because of discriminationlinked to sexual orientation or religion.5- It does not offer justice to murder victims’families: the effects of murder cannot be erased bymore killing, and the death sy [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Kit-de-mobilisation-JM2010-EN.pdf ) [2615] => Array ( [objectID] => 4753 [title] => Moving towards abolition in the Arab World [timestamp] => 1286496000 [date] => 08/10/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moving-towards-abolition-in-the-arab-world/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => NGOs and international organisations opposing the death penalty in Arab countries have met in Egypt for the second time. The World Coalition presented them with a new version of its study on abolition in the region. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has launched the updated version of its report: “Fighting against the Death Penalty in the Arab World” during the conference organised by Penal Reform International (PRI), the Swedish Institute of Alexandria and the Arab Centre for the Independence of the Judiciary and Legal Profession.The conference focused on the death penalty in the region to follow up on the recommendations made during the first Alexandria conference held in May 2008 .“We need to ask ourselves why, despite considerable development of the movement in the region, is there no progress compared to 2008?”, PRI's regional director Taghreed Jaber told members of NGOs and international organisations as she introduced the two-day conference.Two key issues: public opinion and religious aspectsDiscussions exposed the need for more open discussions with religious leaders and Islamic scholars. “Islam is a message of life,” said Mohammad Habash, a Syrian scholar. He argued that Sharia law provides only for a very limited set of capital crimes under very specific conditions which are not respected today. In Yemen for instance, only 2% of death penalty cases are related to Islamic law.When speaking on the importance of parliamentary lobbying, representatives of Turkey and Djibouti, both abolitionist countries with a majority Muslim population, insisted that “passing a law is not enough. There is a need to convince Arab public opinion and citizens that the death penalty, even in Islamic law, is neither necessary, nor feasible”.International tools and interventionThe World Coalition stressed that international intervention is a double-edged sword in the Arab World: it can prompt great changes as well as a backlash. It has to be considered very carefully and always in consultation with local actors.National and international NGOs work together efficiently in three areas: networking, lobbying and information sharing. For instance, Renny Cusing, representative of Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights said: “It is a common idea that victims’ families want the death penalty and certainly some people want the death penalty, but others don’t and others simply don’t know.”Intergovernmental organisations also participated in the debate. The chairman of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights’ working group on the death penalty mentioned plans for a Protocol to the African Charter for Human Rights aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.A representative for the League of Arab States said that “the death penalty has not been crystallized in one single vision yet, but the issue remains open to all vision and dialogue”.Download the World Coalition's report, “Fighting against the Death Penalty in the Arab World” :> in English> in Arabic> in French [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Djibouti [1] => Egypt [2] => Turkey [3] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2616] => Array ( [objectID] => 4754 [title] => Community of Sant’Egidio meets the president of Mongolia [timestamp] => 1286409600 [date] => 07/10/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/community-of-santegidio-meets-the-president-of-mongolia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A delegation of the Community of Sant'Egidio has been invited from 6 to 11 September in Ulan Bator, Mongolia, and received by the President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdor. [texte] => The visit is part of a strong support by the Community of Sant'Egidio to the ongoing process of abolishing the death penalty, which was opened in January 2010 by President Elbegdorj with a unilateral moratorium on convictions and executions.At a delicate stage, on the eve of the parliamentary debate on the approval of the presidential bill to eliminate capital punishment from local criminal code, the Community of Sant'Egidio wished to express to the the President its full support to an extraordinary and surprising initiative that, if successful, will lead Mongolia among the rare Asian countries without the capital punishment.Cities for Life in Ulan Bator?The talks also focused on the possible participation of Ulan Bator in the international day against the death penalty - Cities for Life, organized by the Community Sant'Egidio November 30, 2010.In order to involve civil society in the abolitionist commitment, the Community delegation held several conferences with students of the Faculty of Law, University of Ulan Bator, with several members of the press and local television and with major humanitarian organizations operating in the capital.Under a deep spirit of collaboration with the Government of Mongolia, begun last May on the occasion of the Congress of Ministers of Justice, the Community of Sant'Egidio hopes that the complete abolition of the death penalty from the laws of the country is achieved soon. The organisations is ready to share every effort of President Elbegdorj and his team, so that Mongolia should become a model of tolerance and humanism for the whole Asian continent, with a modern conception of justice that seeks to rehabilitate and not to avenge , respecting the sacred life of every man. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mongolia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2617] => Array ( [objectID] => 4755 [title] => 167 Ugandan death row inmates saved from gallows [timestamp] => 1284854400 [date] => 19/09/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/167-ugandan-death-row-inmates-saved-from-gallows/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Recent figures show that a January ruling by the Ugandan supreme court making it illegal to keep people on death row for more than three years has saved 167 lives. [texte] => According to the Ugandan newspaper The Daily Monitor, 167 death row inmates have seen their sentence commuted to life in prison this year.Their reprieve is the consequence of a January Supreme Court decision according to which it is unconstitutional to keep a person on death row for more than three years. The court argued that any longer term would represent an additional, illegal punishment.“One hundred and fifty inmates qualified by the time the court order was made but as time goes by, over 10 more have qualified. The number is now 167,” Ugandan prisons spokesman Frank Baine told the Monitor on September 13.The Supreme Court ruling resulted from legal action taken by hundreds of death row inmates over more than five years with support from local human rights lawyers, the British-based NGO Death Penalty Project and World Coalition member organization FHRI.While activists had succeeded in having long periods on death row recognized as unconstitutional, the court had dismissed their argument that the death penalty itself was a violation of constitutional rights.Other countries in the region, most recently Kenya, have been accepting the fact that spending more than three years on death row is an inhuman punishment and should be outlawed. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2618] => Array ( [objectID] => 4756 [title] => FIDH report on Vietnam: an update on death penalty statistics [timestamp] => 1284854400 [date] => 19/09/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/fidh-report-on-vietnam-an-update-on-death-penalty-statistics/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The FIDH and the Vietnam Committee on Human Rights released a new report, From Visions to Facts: Human Rights in Vietnam under its Chairmanship of ASEAN, on 16 August 2010. [texte] => The report reveals that Vietnam continues to have high death penalty statistics. Vietnamese judges hand down death sentences for crimes such as murder, armed robbery, drugs trafficking, rape and economic crimes.“In 2010, the official legal magazine Phap Luat (Law) reported 11 death sentences for the month of January alone,” the report states. It also stresses that in “January 2004, Vietnam adopted a decree classifying death penalty statistics as “state secrets”.FIDH and the Vietnam Committee on Human Rights recommend that Vietnam “lift the classification of “state secrets” on capital punishment and make public statistics on the number of death sentences pronounced and executed every year”.Many of the death sentences were given for drug offences. The International Harm Reduction Association recorded at least 109 such cases between 2007 and 2009. An Amnesty International report states that at least nine people were executed and 59 people were sentenced to death in 2009.Even though the government intends to keep the death penalty there are positive signs that it is moving away from capital punishment. Vietnam has shown positive action towards the abolition of the death penalty when “in 2009, the government reduced the number of offences punishable by death from 29 to 22”. Vietnam also abstained from the 2007 and 2008 moratorium votes in the UN General Assembly and did not sign the note verbale of disassociation against the resolution.Vietnam complied with one of the recommendations included in these resolutions by reducing the number of crimes punishable by death. But the resolutions also request countries that maintain the death penalty to provide death penalty statistics to the UN General Assembly. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam [1] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2619] => Array ( [objectID] => 4757 [title] => ‘Sakineh’ campaign to culminate in worldwide protests [timestamp] => 1282694400 [date] => 25/08/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sakineh-campaign-to-culminate-in-worldwide-protests/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/e7ed30e7099e79025228b43ac066e494_2-500x334.jpg [extrait] => What started as an effort to save an Iranian woman sentenced to death by stoning is turning into a global movement for human rights and against capital punishment. [texte] => On Saturday, August 28, thousands of protesters will march in dozens of cities around the world to oppose the planned execution of Sakineh Mohamadi Ashtiani. The Iranian widow’s photo has become a symbol of the cruel and inhuman nature of the death penalty as activists prepare for events from Bagdad, Iraq to Brisbane, Australia, according to the International Committee Against Stoning’s website.The day of international protest will mark the culmination of a growing wave of outrage since Sakineh was sentenced to death by stoning after having been convicted for having affairs with two other men than her dead husband.500,000 signaturesPetitions and appeals have multiplied through the summer and it is now hard to find a political leader or an artist who has not publicly stated their opposition to the stoning. Among the most successful initiatives, the activist website Avaaz.org has gathered more than 500,000 signatures on a petition asking Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and the leaders of Iran “to finally put an end to capital punishment by stoning and to reverse the unjust judgment in the case of Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani”.Avaaz has also been raising money from the public to pay for ads in the Brazilian and Turkish media calling on Brasilia and Ankara to weigh on their Iranian allies in support for Sakineh.French writer Bernard-Henri Lévy has enlisted celebrities including actresses Mia Farrow and Juliette Binoche, novelists Milan Kundera and Jorge Semprun and the Iranian-born, Oscar-winning author of Persepolis Marjane Satrapi. Together, they wrote a column published on the front page of the newspaper Libération on August 16 and in media outlets worldwide. Many other artists and politicians have since then signed their appeal to “stop the stoning of Sakineh”.Another petition published on the website Freesakineh.org features the signatures of artists such as Gwyneth Paltrow and Peter Gabriel, Nobel Prize winner Shirin Ebadi and New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg. More than 200,000 visitors have now signed it.“A distortion of religion”In Iran, too, web activists are making their voice heard. The Farsi language blog Salam Sabz, close to the Green Movement that opposed President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s contentious re-election last year, describes the stoning sentence as a “distortion of religion that leaves it with nothing but its name”. “The forgiveness and kindness of God are being ignored and anger and madness are being presented as God’s words,” adds the author, Sabz-e Hossein.As Sakineh’s children take part in the campaign to save their mother, online activists call up the memory of another woman executed in Iran, Fatimeh Haqhiqhat. In a recorded message posted on YouTube, her daughter Zahra says: “I’ve been suffering this for 10 years. I’ve cried with every person executed by the regime and I will continue to cry until the last person has gone through capital punishment in Iran.”But the government news website Jahan News regards the effort in support for Sakineh and issues surrounding nuclear weapons as two sides of a vast campaign by the West against Iran. “Do the US, the UK and Mrs Clinton really care about that woman who has killed her husband?” Jahan News asks.Authorities broadcast video “confession”The murder accusation was one of the knee-jerk reactions from the Iranian authorities in the wake of the mobilization in favour of Sakineh. After receiving papers from her lawyer requesting a review of her sentence, Iranian state television showed an alleged confession on August 11, in which Sakineh admitted to helping in the murder of her husband. The next day, it was reported that she remained sentenced to death, but not by stoning.“It appears that Iran’s authorities have orchestrated this ‘confession’, following the call for a judicial review and now appear to be inventing new charges of murdering her husband,” said Hassiba Hadj Sahraoui, deputy director of Amnesty International’s Middle East and North Africa programme.Many observers believe the confession was obtained under torture.In an interview with an intermediary for the Guardian newspaper, Sakineh said she now feared to be executed in secret. “They are embarrassed by the international attention on my case and they are desperately trying to distract attention and confuse the media so that they can kill me in secret,” she was quoted as saying. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2620] => Array ( [objectID] => 4758 [title] => EU-NGO forum: death penalty is a priority [timestamp] => 1281052800 [date] => 06/08/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/eu-ngo-forum-death-penalty-is-a-priority/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => At a meeting in Brussels in July, European institutions and NGOs restated their commitment to a long-term partnership to oppose the death penalty worldwide. [texte] => The European Union (EU) invited partner NGOs, including the World Coalition, to a joint forum in Brussels on July 12.Many abolitionist organizations were present, in keeping with the EU’s robust action against the death penalty.During the forum introduction, the EU’s foreign affairs representative Catherine Ashton and Amnesty International’s former secretary general Irene Khan highlighted Europe’s commitment against the death penalty.Koos Richelle from the European Commission’s donor office EuropeAid said: “The death penalty is at the core of European policy. The first set of EU Human Rights Guidelines was on the death penalty.” He added that the EU is the largest source of funding for abolitionist civil society organizations.Speakers said that the death penalty is a key European priority on which an alliance of all forces is crucial because of the strong opposition to abolition in some other parts of the world.Dick Dieter of the Death Penalty Information Center in the US said: “Actions of EU diplomats are very important. You have to tell them that US diplomats are listening!”EU leaders assured that abolition would remain a priority after the implementation of the Lisbon treaty, which has been adopted to reform European institutions. However, the EU wants to evaluate the impact of its death penalty policy and redefine their scope of intervention by 2013.Europe can foster debates in Japan’s parliamentThe EU-NGO Forum included a two-day workshop on the death penalty during which the following ideas were exchanged:• Propose alternative sanctions and justice systems to retentionist states to replace the death penalty.• Foster parliamentary debates drawing from the experience from parliaments that have recently abolished the death penalty, which could lead to the creation of a network of parliamentarians for the abolition of the death penalty. Maiko Tagusari, the secretary of the Japanese World Coalition member organisation Center for Prisoners’ Rights, said: “The role of the EU Delegation in Japan is very important. They can activate discussions in Parliament by holding seminars in the Diet with the participation of members of the European Parliament or EU state members' MPs.”• Work on individual stories (people sentenced to death, exonerees, murder victims’ families…).• Work with Islamic scholars to counter the utilisation of Sharia law in favour of the death penalty.As part of the recommendations made by NGOs to the EU, Taghreed Jaber, who manages the Middle East and North Africa programme at World Coalition member organization Penal Reform International, called on European institutions to enter “a continuous and systematic consultation with NGOs who have the local knowledge about the death penalty”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2621] => Array ( [objectID] => 4759 [title] => Kenya’s mandatory death penalty ruled unconstitutional [timestamp] => 1281052800 [date] => 06/08/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/kenyas-mandatory-death-penalty-ruled-unconstitutional/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A joint effort by Kenyan and British lawyers and NGOs resulted in a court decision overturning all death sentences for murder. Legislation making capital punishment the only possible penalty for certain crimes is invalid. [texte] => In a landmark judgment, the Court of Appeal of Kenya on July 30 declared unconstitutional the application of a mandatory death sentence on all prisoners convicted of murder. However, the new constitution adopted by Kenyan voters on August 4 failed to abolish the death penalty.In their unanimous judgment, the Court of Appeal ruled that the automatic nature of the death penalty in Kenya for murder violates the right to life and amounts to inhuman punishment, as it does not provide the individuals concerned with an opportunity to mitigate their death sentences.As a result, hundreds of prisoners currently on death row in Kenya, including the appellant, Godfrey Mutiso, will fall to be re-sentenced in accordance with the new law.The Court of Appeal said that the same reasoning would apply to other offences having a mandatory death sentence, such as treason and robbery with violence. A new set of procedures will now have to be adopted to ensure that sentence hearings take place and a judge has the discretion to consider what sentence to impose after hearing evidence in mitigation.The death penalty is now to be the maximum sentence, but not the only sentence.The Court of Appeal also stated that holding a person on death row for more than three years would be unconstitutional.Two Kenyan lawyers represented Mr Mutiso on a pro bono basis in the Court of Appeal, with assistance from the Kenyan legal organisation CLEAR Trust and from UK lawyers. Saul Lehrfreund and Parvais Jabbar, human rights lawyers and executive directors of the British-based legal aid organisation Death Penalty Project said in a statement: “We are delighted that the jurisprudence from Uganda, Malawi and other regions in the world has now been accepted in Kenya. It also reflects an emerging trend seeking to restrict the application and scope of the death penalty. We hope this decision will be adopted in other countries in East and West Africa where the mandatory death penalty is still in operation.”The following week, the Kenyan people voted in favour of a new constitution. Abolitionists had hoped that the constitutional draft would abolish the death penalty, following the commutation of 4,000 death sentences by President Mwai Kibaki last year. But the final text failed to outlaw capital punishment, stating instead: “A person shall not be deprived of life intentionally, except to the extent authorised by this Constitution or other written law.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya [1] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2622] => Array ( [objectID] => 4760 [title] => 10.10.10 World Day Against the Death Penalty – USA special [timestamp] => 1281052800 [date] => 06/08/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/10-10-10-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-usa-special/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 10 October 2010, the World Day Against the Death Penalty will focus on the USA. There are two months left to prepare and promote the events planned around the world on the big day. [texte] => The 8th World Day aims to strengthen the trend towards abolition in the US and also the trend towards universal abolition. It is an opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhuman, cruel and degrading punishment and to support those in the US who are fighting for its abolition.On 10 October 2010, take action against the death penalty! The event is only two months away, now is the time to prepare.Wherever you are : in Africa, America, Asia, Oceania or EuropeWhoever you are: NGOs, teachers, lawyers, local representatives, parliamentarians, artists, reporters, religious leaders, citizensWhatever your plans are: debates, concerts, press conferences, demonstrations, petitions, educational and cultural activities...Find out more about the World Day and download posters, a banner for your blog, tips to organise an event, etc.: www.worldcoalition.org/worlddayGet in touch with the World Coalition to announce the events you are preparing for October 10 and we will promote them widely on the internetAccept the Facebook invitation for the World Day and share it with your friends [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2623] => Array ( [objectID] => 4761 [title] => Japan executions “a step backward for Asia” [timestamp] => 1280448000 [date] => 30/07/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/japan-executions-a-step-backward-for-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Activists in Japan and elsewhere have criticised Justice Minister Keiko Chiba for ordering two men to be hanged in Tokyo on July 28 despite her earlier abolitionist statements. [texte] => Japan’s Justice Minister Keiko Chiba (photo) announced on Wednesday that she had just witnessed the hanging of two convicted murderers for whom she signed execution warrants.Chiba, who had previously opposed capital punishment, said that she would establish a study panel on the death penalty and allow journalists into the death chamber. But abolition “will be something for this country's people to decide, if after various discussions the majority of public opinion is for the death penalty to be abolished,” she said, according to Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper.The executions – the first in one year in Japan – were severely criticised by human rights defenders.World Coalition member organization Centre for Prisoners’ Rights (CPR) regretted that Chiba took so long to take measures tackling the secrecy that surrounds the death penalty in Japan. “Initiating the discussion ordisclosure of the information should have been done far earlier, not only after claiming lives of the two,” CPR said in a statement.In a joint open letter to Chiba, CPR secretary Maiko Tagusari and Souhayr Belhassen, president of the International Federation for Human Rights, condemned the executions. “Our organisations are deeply disappointed that you, as a former member of the Japanese Parliamentary League against the Death Penalty and a lawyer with strong human rights credentials, decided to sign the orders for execution,” they wrote.Like Taiwan, Japan breaks unofficial moratoriumAnother World Coalition member, the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP), labeled the Japanese hangings “a step backward for Asia”. The organisation established a parallel between Japan and Taiwan,where executions resumed after a four-year unofficial moratorium. “Like the Japanese minister of justice, Taiwanese Minister of Justice Tseng Yung-fu had previously spoken in favour of scrapping the death penalty, and has set up a committee under the ministry to research capital punishment. Both ministers once expressed serious reservations about capital punishment, yet later signed execution warrants — and firmly stood by their actions,” TAEDP regretted in a statement.Amnesty International, which recently exposed the damage the Japanese capital punishment system did to the mental health of those sentenced to death, expressed concern that moreexecutions may happen soon as 107 people are on death row in Japan. “A working group to discuss the death penalty is not enough. There needs tobe an open and public debate and an immediate moratorium on executions while the discussion takes place,” said Donna Guest, deputy director of Amnesty’s Asia Pacific programme.At the diplomatic level, the European Union's foreign policy chief, Catherine Ashton, “deeply regretted” the hangings of Hidenori Ogata and Kazuo Shinozawa and called on Japan to establish a moratorium on executions to “bring Japan into line with the worldwide trend away from the death penalty”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2624] => Array ( [objectID] => 4762 [title] => Hands Off Cain names Jean Ping “Abolitionist of the Year” [timestamp] => 1280188800 [date] => 27/07/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hands-off-cain-names-jean-ping-abolitionist-of-the-year/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => World Coalition member organisation Hands Off Cain will on July 31present Jean Ping, the chairman of the African Union Commission, with its 2010 award. [texte] => The Italian-based international abolitionist organization Hands Off Cain has chosen Jean Ping (photo) as its 2010 “Abolitinonist of the Year”. The chairman of the African Union Commission will receive the prize at a ceremony in Rome on July 31 from Hands Off Cain members including Emma Bonino, vice president of the Italian Senate.Ping has been promoting abolition first as a member of government in Gabon, his country of origin, and then on the continental level. Under his chairmanship, the African Union’s human rights arm, the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights has officially called on all retentionist African states to adopt a moratorium on executions and work towards abolishing the death penalty.The pan-African body has also been holding debates in preparation for a continent-wide abolitionist treaty that member states will be invited to join.In the foreword to Hands Off Cain’s 2010 annual report, Ping wrote: “I have always believed that there cannot be any justification for taking a life, despite the due process of the law, because it will never replace the life that was taken away. (…)I call upon all States particularly Member States of the African Union to consider abolishing the death penalty as a form of punishment in light of the Resolutions by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the United Nations General Assembly.”Hands Off Cain will launch the report on the death penalty worldwide, edited by Italian MP Elisabetta Zamparutti and published by Reality Book, at the ceremony on July 31. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2625] => Array ( [objectID] => 4763 [title] => Singapore arrests writer over death penalty book [timestamp] => 1279584000 [date] => 20/07/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/singapore-arrests-writer-over-death-penalty-book/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/45bb7c75272ad19413d2594560f683f5_2.jpg [extrait] => The British author of a book on Singapore’s death penalty is facing prosecution for criticizing the massive use of capital punishment in the Asian city-state. [texte] => Alan Shadrake, 75, was arrested on July 18 during a visit to Singapore for the launch of his book Once A Jolly Hangman: Singapore Justice in the Dock. He was released on bail the next day but faces charges of criminal defamation and contempt of court, which are punishable by a fine and up to two years in prison.According to AFP news agency, police interrogated Shadrake about the content of his book and seized his passport.Although Shadrake’s book is not banned several sources reported that it is not available in Singapore. Once a Jolly Hangman includes a profile of the country’s former chief executioner and accusations that the use of the death penalty in Singapore is unfair.“Peaceful criticism of government policies should never be the subject of criminal proceedings. The arrest of Alan Shadrake highlights the repression of free speech in Singapore,” the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), of which the World Coalition is a member, said in a statement.ADPAN added that one of its members, attorney M. Ravi, had taken up Shadrake’s defense.According to Reporters Without Borders, the writer and journalist must stay in Singapore until his trial begins on July 30.In Singapore the death penalty is mandatory for murder, treason and drug trafficking. Figures on the application of the death penalty are not made public and most death sentences involve drug-related crimes.The presumption of guilt and the mandatory use of the death penalty under Singaporean law are causes of concern.There is little public debate in Singapore about the death penalty, partly as a result of tight government controls on the press and civil society organizations. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Singapore ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2626] => Array ( [objectID] => 4764 [title] => US murder victims’ families advocate abolition in Asia [timestamp] => 1279065600 [date] => 14/07/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/us-murder-victims-families-advocate-abolition-in-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => World Coalition member organisation Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights held public events and meetings with victims and leaders during a recent tour of South Korea, Japan and Taiwan. [texte] => Members of the US-based World Coalition member organisation Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights (MVFHR) visited South Korea, Japan and Taiwan between June 20 and July 6. They conducted an educational speaking tour and met with elected officials, attorneys, religious leaders and family members of murder victims.The tour participants, who have lost family members to murder or state execution, discussed the impact of the death penalty and how societies can best meet victims’ needs in the aftermath of violence.They were pleased with the varied audiences who turned up for the public speaking events, including prosecutors and defense attorneys, members of victims’ organisations, lawmakers or their staff, university professors and students.“It was clear from responses, both at the public presentations and in several private meetings or informal conversations before and after the events, that the presence of MVFHR members from the US opened up an opportunity to talk about the death penalty in a way that seldom if ever happens in these countries,” said MVFHR’s Susannah Sheffer. The fact that murder victim’s relatives could oppose the death penalty was new to the Asian perspective.No closure from taking another lifeJeanne Bishop (photo above), whose sister and brother-in-law were murdered in 1990, told the lawyers of the Japanese Federation of Bar Associations: “The love I had for my sister and my grief over losing her can never be closed, certainly not by shedding more blood and taking another life. Nor would killing the murderer give me justice. His life could never equal theirs. His death could never pay for theirs.”As a defense attorney, she also told her Japanese colleagues that capital cases “are particularly susceptible to error because they evoke a strong emotional response”. This means that innocents are likely to be executed. She added that the US experience of the death penalty had made it clear that it is “expensive” and “does little to deter crime”.Robert Meeropol (photo, right), the son of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg who were executed on spying charges related to atomic secrets, told the public in Hiroshima that he felt a kinship with them because of the suffering caused to his family by the bomb. “Executing someone will only bring new pain and suffering to a new set of victims, the children and other family members of the person who is executed,” he said.Common experienceThe tour was an opportunity for participants to engage into debates with supporters of the death penalty. “In Taiwan, one of the speakers sharing the panel with MVFHR members was the director of a foundation created by a very prominent and outspoken victim’s family member who is strongly in favour of the death penalty,” Susannah Sheffer said.Despite the physical and cultural distance between Asia and the US, the visitors and their audience found their communication helped by significant common experience – whether professionally, as in the example of Jeanne Bishop and Japanese attorneys, or emotionally, when MVFHR members met eight relatives of murder victims in South Korea (photo below).The exchanges were a boost to those who campaign for abolition in Asia and think that the lack of informed debates is a key factor in the continued use of the death penalty there. “I believe that Japan does not yet have a mature, responsible, open debate about the death penalty,” said European Union diplomat Stefan Huber at the MFVHR conference in Tokyo. “Thus, many members of the public do not have access to a fully informed understanding of the complicated issues involved. This is probably one of the reasons why Japanese public opinion is still in favour of the death penalty,” he added. The EU provides funding to MVFHR.“Working in collaboration with colleagues in retentionist countries”After the “Words of victims” evening at the World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Geneva in February 2010, the Asian tour was a new opportunity for MVFHR to contribute to the global effort against capital punishment. “Our colleagues in Asia are working against the death penalty under considerable duress and even threat,” Sheffer said.“It is not only the sharing of victims’ stories across borders that is important, but also the working in collaboration with colleagues in retentionist countries, towards the goal of creating a social and political climate in which victims will be more able to express opposition to the death penalty, and gradually working to shift the paradigm so that victims are not assumed to be unilaterally in favour of the death penalty and policymakers recognize that it is possible to be both anti-death penalty and pro-victim,” she added. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2627] => Array ( [objectID] => 4765 [title] => Abolitionists block Nigerian executions [timestamp] => 1278633600 [date] => 09/07/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionists-block-nigerian-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Legal action by local activists and pressure from international organizations have succeeded in stopping plans by Nigeria’s authorities to execute hundreds of death row inmates. [texte] => Within a few days, Nigerian human rights organizations have made two successful legal representations and obtained decisions forcing the West African country’s federal and provincial governments to suspend plans for the mass execution of death row prisoners.The Nigerian NGO, Socio-economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP), said on July 6 that it had obtained an order from the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) to suspend executions in Nigeria.ACHPR is the African Union’s human rights watchdog. According to SERAP, the chairperson of the ACHPR working group on the death penalty, Sylvie Kayitesi Zainabo issued a decision and urgent appeal to Nigerian president Goodluck Jonathan (photo) forbidding the country to carry out any executions while ACHPR examines the NGO’s communication.African Charter violationIn its communication on behalf of the country’s more than 800 death row inmates, SERAP argued that their execution would be a violation of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, especially their rights “to life; to competent and effective legal representation; to trial within a reasonable time or to a release; to trial by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law; to the presumption of innocence; to appeal to an independent and impartial tribunal, and fair trial guarantees during appeals”.“We now expect that the Federal government and the state governors will move swiftly to implement the orders by the Commission by suspending any plan to execute the over 870 death row prisoners in the country,” SERAP’s Lawyer Femi Falana said after ACHPR’s decision.A few days earlier, another Nigerian organization, the Legal Resources Consortium (LRC), had obtained a national court ruling to stop the executions. On June 28, LRC said the Federal High Court had issued an interim injunction barring the federal government and the 36 provincial governors to carry out any executions “pending the hearing and determination of the application on notice for the enforcement of the constitutionally guaranteed rights on the 824 inmates on death row”.The court specifically referred to a June 15 decision by the “National Economic Council that inmates on death row in prisons across the country be immediately executed as a way of decongesting the prisons in Nigeria”, LRC said in a statement. According to Nigeria's minister of interior, the total prison population is 46,000, of which some 30,000 are awaiting trial.“Many death row prisoners may be innocent”The decision to carry out mass executions to free up room in prisons – a fresh statement of a policy already discussed in March – met with strong opposition from human rights defenders.On June 25, LRC and SERAP, together with World Coalition members Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, HURILAWS, Nigerian Humanist Movement and other Nigerian organisations, issued a joint statement in which they wrote: “Instead of executing prisoners, the Nigerian authorities should address underlying problems in the criminal justice system. The overcrowding is in part due to delays in trials and failure to provide enough lawyers. Many death row prisoners may be innocent, as Nigeria's justice system is riddled with flaws and is unable to guarantee fair trials.”The signatories added that trials could take up to ten years to complete in Nigeria and called on the government to establish an official moratorium on executions.While the ACHPR and Federal Court orders are provisional, Nigerian abolitionists are also seeking long-term abolition. Participants to a July 7 public hearing on a criminal law reform bill in the state of Lagos encouraged the repeal of the death penalty. However, abolitionists know they face strong opposition: the same week, a Senate committee recommended the introduction of capital punishment for terrorists. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria [1] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Innocence [2] => Legal Representation [3] => Moratorium [4] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2628] => Array ( [objectID] => 4766 [title] => World Coalition AGM encourages US to join the abolitionist majority [timestamp] => 1277164800 [date] => 22/06/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-agm-encourages-us-to-join-the-abolitionist-majority/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On June 12 and 13, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty convened in San Francisco, marking the first international abolition meeting on US soil. [texte] => San Francisco-based Death Penalty Focus (DPF) co-hosted a free one-day conference for the public and World Coalition members at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law. DPF serves on the Steering Committee of the World Coalition. This meeting was the annual General Assembly of the Coalition’s members.Close to 200 conference attendees were greeted by Shauna Marshall, Academic Dean of Hastings, and State Senator Mark Leno, who gave a comprehensive look at California’s political landscape with respect to progressive reform measures.DPF President Mike Farrell presided at the opening plenary session, which presented the meeting’s theme: Death penalty at a crossroads – USA abolition in the context of global strategy. Farrell set the stage for the weekend with a compelling discussion of the troubling implications of “American exceptionalism” in the context of human rights and the death penalty.The panel included Hadar Aviram, associate professor of law at Hastings; Hsinyi Lin, executive director of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty; Mario Marazziti, spokesperson of the Community of Sant’Egidio; and Elizabeth Zitrin, DPF’s international outreach and communications coordinator.The closing plenary presented the latinization of death row and ongoing issues of racial inequity, with Professor Michael Radelet of the University of Colorado at Boulder and veteran abolition and human rights activist Magdaleno Rose-Avila, moderated by Denise Serrano of the ACLU of San Diego and Imperial Counties.“The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty gathering was a historic event that brought together death penalty opponents from all over the world,” said Elizabeth Zitrin, who chairs the World Coalition’s USA working group. “The conference was a chance for American death penalty opponents to learn from activists from around the world and share strategies for worldwide abolition.”“We kill people because we hate them”The conference included panel discussions led by victim’s families, wrongfully convicted death row prisoners, and former members of law enforcement opposed to the death penalty.John Burton, chairman of the California Democratic Party, gave a special report on the party’s recent adoption of a platform position opposing the death penalty and favouring permanent incarceration as a better alternative for the safety and fiscal health of the people of California.Darryl Stallworth, a former Alameda County prosecutor who currently opposes the death penalty, spoke about his experience prosecuting a capital case and the difficulty he experienced arguing for the death of another human being.“I had to make him a monster,” Stallworth said. “I had to dehumanize him. In all reality, we kill people because we hate them. We don’t do it because it deters crime, because it doesn’t. We don’t do it to help victims’ families either, because it doesn’t. In fact, it often makes it worse.”Randy Steidl, who was wrongly convicted of murder and sentenced to death, serving 17 years before being exonerated, told his story to illustrate how an innocent man could be convicted.“If it was not for outside resources, like college students and news media, I’d be dead today,” he said. “That’s the power our system has.”The World Coalition includes 108 organizations from 35 nations on five continents, all committed to universal abolition of the death penalty. According to Zitrin, the Coalition has been instrumental in urging the United Nations to adopt a worldwide moratorium on all executions, and its members chose to meet in the United States out of concern about the continued use of the death penalty in this country.On October 10, 2010, the World Coalition has decided to focus the World Day Against the Death Penalty on the US.“The world is showing us a better way to provide justice”“The vast majority of the world’s nations no longer use the death penalty,” said Stefanie Faucher, associate director of Death Penalty Focus. “95% of executions occur in just five countries: China, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and the United States. The recent rejection of California’s proposed lethal injection protocols once again shows how broken our death penalty system is, and now the world is showing us a better way to provide swift and certain justice instead of decades of uncertainty and delay.”Organizations that attended the World Coalition meeting included France's leading abolition organization Ensemble contre la peine de mort, the Community of Sant’Egidio, Amnesty International, Penal Reform International, Murder Victims Families for Human Rights, the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, and other organizations from the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Europe.Updates on recent developments for members included a report on the death penalty and hopes for abolition in China.“We must work together to help countries with the death penalty to realize the importance of a moratorium,” said Hsinyi Lin, executive director of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty. “The members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty are our best partners and our supporters.”Story by Elizabeth Zitrin & Jessica Lewis [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2629] => Array ( [objectID] => 4767 [title] => Taiwan’s top court rejects appeal to suspend executions [timestamp] => 1275868800 [date] => 07/06/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/taiwans-top-court-rejects-appeal-to-suspend-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As the legal action taken by local activists to block the use of the death penalty failed, abolitionists across Asia have been calling for an end to the death penalty in their region. [texte] => Taiwan’s Constitutional Court (Judicial Yuan, photo) rejected a petition questioning the constitutionality of the death penalty on May 28, exposing the country’s 40 death row inmates to the risk of execution.The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP), a World Coalition member organisation, had filed the petition earlier this year. It highlighted the lack of legal representation and debates between the prosecution and the defence in the final stages of capital trials as well as the weakness of procedures allowing death row inmates to apply for clemency.TAEDP argued that Taiwan’s death penalty legislation was thus in contradiction with the country’s constitution and international commitments.But according to local media reports, the Constitutional Court ruled that “the defendants are given the opportunity to defend and express themselves during the trial process”. It added that “there is no violation of the Constitution in the convictions” and “execution of the death row prisoners does not violate the two United Nations covenants that Taiwan has signed”.“The request to suspend the executions is dismissed”“The request to suspend the executions is dismissed, as the court declines to review the case,” the court concluded.Taiwan broke a five-year moratorium executions in April, when four people who had not taken part in the petition were executed in one day.Now that the legal action taken on their behalf has been rejected, “the 40 remaining death row inmates now face an increasingly uncertain future and may face imminent execution,” the Asia Anti-Death Penalty Network (ADPAN), a regional network including TAEDP and Amnesty International, wrote in a statement.In a letter to FIACAT, another World Coalition member organisation engaged in combating the death penalty in Taiwan, the ministry of justice (MOJ) wrote that cases when death row inmates have no pending appeals or petitions nor is there doubts about their conviction, “the MOJ will go carefully with the case in accordance with the law” and execute them.The MOJ added that it would “continue its set policy of moving in the direction of gradually abolishing death penalty in hopes to attain the ultimate goal of no death penalty” through a “step-by-step” approach including a reduction in the number of capital offences, the introduction of alternative penalties and wider information of the public about capital punishment.“At present, the majority of the people in Taiwan are still opposed to the abolishment of death penalty and therefore it is inappropriate for our country to do away with death penalty right now,” the ministry conducted.Regional petitionADPAN “appeals to the Taiwan Government to stand out, lead and join the global majority rather than aligning itself with other executing countries in the region such as Bangladesh, China, North Korea and Vietnam - all have executed prisoners since the beginning of 2010”.At the regional level, Asian activists have launched a petition to convince governments, including Taiwan’s, that “we can do without the death penalty”. The campaign, which is co-ordinated by Japan’s Center for Prisoners’ Rights and Amnesty International section, regrets that the heaviest users of the death penalty are located in Asia and states that “East Asian states should renounce the state-sponsored violence known as the death penalty”.Read ADPAN’s statementSign the regional petition: in English , in Japanese [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2630] => Array ( [objectID] => 4768 [title] => San Francisco hosts World Coalition AGM [timestamp] => 1275264000 [date] => 31/05/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/san-francisco-hosts-world-coalition-agm/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the first time, a major international abolitionist event will take place on US soil on June 12 when World Coalition members converge on California for their general meeting and a public conference. Register now for access! [texte] => The World Coalition's AGM will take place at Hastings College of Law in San Francisco, California at the invitation of member organisation Death Penalty Focus. On June 12, the public is invited to take part in debates on key issues surrounding capital punishment in America and to prepare for the 2010 World Day Against the Death Penalty, which will focus on the US.Two plenary sessions and four thematic debates will give participants a chance to discover or further explore the fields in which the battle against the death penalty is being fought in the US, from racial discrimination in its administration to the execution of innocents and the opinion of crime victims and law enforcement professionals.World Day and "Cities for Life" launchThe rest of the world will not be overlooked with the launch of the autumn’s two global abolitionist events – World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10 and “Cities for Life – Cities Against the Death Penalty” on November 30.Spain’s ambassador against capital punishment, Rafael Valle Garagorri, is also expected to present his government’s initiative to create an International Commission on the Death Penalty.On June 13, World Coalition members will stay on to hold their statutory general meeting and receive training on a range of issues including international law, internet campaigning, activism in China and fundraising.> Find out more and register for access... [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2631] => Array ( [objectID] => 4769 [title] => World Coalition takes part in UN death penalty report launch [timestamp] => 1275177600 [date] => 30/05/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-takes-part-in-un-death-penalty-report-launch/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition held a side event to accompany the presentation of the 8th Quinquennial Report of the UN Secretary General on capital punishment in Vienna on May 19. [texte] => The meeting took place during the 19th session of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (photo), an organ of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).Twenty-five people including representatives from Germany, Spain and UK, UNODC staff members, academics from Japan, Spain and Ireland as well as NGO representatives attended the World Coalition’s event.Miri Sharon, who is in charge of the death penalty at the UNODC, chaired the meeting and re-stated the position of the Office for the abolition of the death penalty.Speedy Rice of the US National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and Jacqueline Macalesher of Penal Reform International (PRI) represented the World Coalition in Vienna.Drawing from PRI’s experience, especially in North Africa and the Middle-East, Macalesher told participants to the side event: “The 8th quinquennial report demonstrates that there is a marked trend towards abolition. However, abolition of the death penalty is not carried out in a void. Abolition should take place in the context of an effective legal and criminal justice system, which enjoys public support.” She cited measures that gradually reduce the use of the death penalty, civil society involvement and the development of legislation and infrastructure to provide humane alternatives to the death penalty among the steps to be taken in many countries to achieve abolition.“Sharply declining rates of use of the death penalty”The Secretary General’s report was then officially presented on May 20. In the 65-page document, Ban Ki-moon states that “there is a growing trend towards abolition. This must be appreciated not only with reference to the traditional lists of abolitionist and retentionist States, but also by examining more closely the sharply declining rates of use of the death penalty in many retentionist States.”However, the report highlights continuing violations of international law when the death penalty is used, including the execution of juvenile offenders and frequent sub-standard conditions on death row. “It appears to be beyond dispute that innocent people are still sentenced to death,” Ban adds.While there was a debate between UN member states on the report, no country complained nor made any negative statement about it.Invited to speak on behalf of the World Coalition at the presentation of the report, Rice welcomed it “as an essential tool to promote reasoned and factually correct dialogues among Countries, be they abolitionist, de facto abolitionist or retentionist”.Lobbying and networkingParticipation to the Commission’s session and the side event are part of the World Coalition’s continuous lobbying and information-gathering efforts targeting small numbers of high-level diplomats, academics and civil society representatives.It was an opportunity for World Coalition staff to develop their knowledge of UN institutions in the death penalty field. “The Office of the High-Commissioner for Human Rights mostly operates through advocacy work (they send letters, press releases…) whereas the UNODC works more on the ground, provides technical assistance (access to legal aid, conditions on death row). They also work on crime prevention, provide guidelines for policy makers: the death penalty is not efficient and it is not a deterrent. They also work through the safeguards and juvenile justice,” said the World Coalition’s campaign officer Aurélie Plaçais.> Download the 8th Quinquennial Report of the UN Secretary General on capital punishment> Read the interview with World Coalition representatives by Inter Press Service> Visit UNODC's website [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Innocence [2] => Juveniles [3] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2632] => Array ( [objectID] => 4770 [title] => 30 countries gather in Rome to oppose capital punishment [timestamp] => 1274400000 [date] => 21/05/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/30-countries-gather-in-rome-to-oppose-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 17 ministers and numerous experts met in Rome on May 17 to discuss crime-busting policies that reject the death penalty. Representatives for the Republic of Congo and Burkina Faso pledged their support for abolition. [texte] => The Community of Sant’Egidio, a World Coalition member organisation, organized the 5th international congress “No Justice without Life” in Rome on May 17. The event targeted justice ministers worldwide.Thirty countries took part in the meeting, of which 17 sent their justice minister. Vice minister and supreme court judges also attended, as well as civil society representatives.“Congo-Brazzaville’s and Burkina Faso’s ministers of justice have declared publicly and committed themselves to accelerate the legislative process to abolish the death penalty,” said Sant’Egidio’s spokesman Mario Marazziti, who took part in the event. “I think that it is a piece of news and a promising one. Gabon had announced in 2007 and then did it after the same Conference; Gabon and Kazakhstan as well,” he added.Gianfranco Fini, president of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, and Rome Mayor Gianni Alemanno restated the Italian authorities’ commitment to the abolition of the death penalty at the global level.The death penalty is “remote from humanity”Angola’s Justice Minister Guilhermina Prata said that her country abolished the death penalty in 1992 after it became a multi-party state with the rule of law that enshrined the right to life in its constitution. “We could never have favoured capital punishment after 30 years of civil war, after seeing so many deaths,” she said. “That is why we support all initiatives and campaigns against the death penalty; that is why we will always defend life in our choices,” she added.The same message came from another continent: Uruguay abolished capital punishment in 1907 because it is exceedingly cruel and remote from each person’s natural humanity, said Jorge Omar Chediak Gonzalez, the president of Uruguay’s Supreme Court.Representatives from countries as varied as Mongolia, France or Cambodia, whether abolitionist nations or states that have made steps towards abolition, spoke in favour of a justice system that “fully supports life and creates more dignity for the future and for the world”, as stated by Mongolian President Tsakhiagin Elbedgorj.Sant’Egidio’s President Marco Impagliazzo encouraged all countries to follow the example of those that took part in the Rome conference. “Alternatives to the death penalty are possible. In all parts of the world, States can base their authority on the law,” he said. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2633] => Array ( [objectID] => 4771 [title] => California Democratic Party endorses abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1273622400 [date] => 12/05/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/california-democratic-party-endorses-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => One of the two main political parties in the largest US State has taken a formal stance against capital punishment – with help from local abolitionist organisations. [texte] => The Californian Democratic Party has decided to include the abolition of capital punishment in its political platform. California-based Elizabeth Zitrin, who represents Death Penalty Focus in the World Coalition, described the move as “critically important for our work toward abolition in the largest state in the USA, with the largest death row with 700 prisoners”.The platform is a policy document updated by the political organisation every two years. The version adopted by the party’s convention on April 18 reads: “To promote safe communities, California Democrats will : (…) Replace the death penalty with a term of permanent incarceration, which will serve to protect the public, provide swift and certain justice for victims’ families, and save the state an estimated $1 billion over the next five year.”Elections in NovemberWhile candidates are not required to adhere personally to every platform item, abolition will be the Democratic Party’s official line when elections take place in California later this year. The governor, lieutenant-governor and attorney general are among the posts up for renewal in November 2010. Democrats will try to snatch the governor’s seat from Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger, and several Democratic contenders for the State’s top posts have said they oppose capital punishment.“Now, being against the death penalty becomes the mainstream of the party, and those candidates and members supporting the use of capital punishment are out there on their own with just their personal position,” said Christine Thomas, who worked on the criminal justice “plank” of the party platform.She added that the appointment of John Burton, who personally opposes the death penalty, as chair of the California Democratic Party helped the process.“Critical support” from non-partisan abolitionistsCo-operation with non-partisan abolitionist organisations was also instrumental in achieving the policy change after more than ten years of efforts.“The ACLU, Death Penalty Focus and California Crime Victims for Alternatives to the Death Penalty provided critical support to the party activists leading the effort,” said Natasha Minsker, Death Penalty Policy Director at the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Northern California.“We submitted reports and written statements in support of the change, we provided witnesses to speak at hearings and sent speakers to many Democratic club events across the state. We provided materials and resources for the activists, and connected the activists to each other across the state so that they could better coordinate their efforts,” she added.Thomas recognised the essential contribution from abolitionist organisations. “By the time we had a Platform Committee meeting in San Diego, in November of 2009, there were comments from the majority of members remarking how many people were showing up to passionately testify about the death penalty,” she recalled.Submissions from outside the party were taken into consideration when drafting the platform, and the resulting abolitionist language was convincing enough to survive party debates until the end of the process.Download the California Democratic Party's platform [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2634] => Array ( [objectID] => 4772 [title] => 8th World Day Against the Death Penalty: USA [timestamp] => 1273449600 [date] => 10/05/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/8th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-usa/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/05530a31b3f504e4b84690ff33014ddc_2.jpg [extrait] => On 10 October 2010, the 8th World Day Against the Death Penalty is dedicated to the USA which executed 52 people and handed down 106 death sentences in 2009. [texte] => The USA is one of the few federalist countries which give the states the power to legislate on the issue of the death penalty. At present there are 15 abolitionist states and 35 retentionist states in the USA, although among retentionist states, 10 have not carried out any executions for at least 10 years.In recent years, abolitionist measures have be spreading throughout the nation, which is clearly divided on the issue. According to Amnesty International, death sentences in the USA reached a high in 1994 but have dropped over 60 percent in the past decade. In 2009, New Mexico became the 15th state to legislatively abolish the death penalty.It is hoped that this world day will strengthen the trend towards abolition in the USA and also the trend towards universal abolition. It is an opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhuman, cruel and degrading punishment and to support those in the USA who are fighting for its abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2635] => Array ( [objectID] => 4773 [title] => UAE use of death penalty raises “grave concerns” [timestamp] => 1273190400 [date] => 07/05/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/uae-use-of-death-penalty-raises-grave-concerns/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In a letter to the United Arab Emirates’ justice minister, the World Coalition denounced the growing number of death sentences handed down in the country, especially after unfair trials or against juvenile offenders. [texte] => The World Coalition expressed “its grave concerns as to the use of the death penalty in the UAE” in a letter sent to Emirati Justice Minister Dr Hadef bin Jua'an Al Dhaheri at the beginning of this month.The World Coalition criticised the recent criminal investigation and trial of 17 Indian nationals sentenced to death for the murder of a Pakistani man, arguing that they “constitute gross violation of international standards of due process in capital punishment cases”.According to World Coalition member Lawyers For Human Rights International, the accused were tortured and did not have access to a proper translation of the proceedings nor to all trial documents, all of which were in Arabic, although none of them spoke that language.Juvenile offenders on death rowThe World Coalition also highlighted the case of three youths sentenced to death for murder even though they were 17 at the time of the crime, after “a court ruled that their facial hair indicated they were mature enough to take responsibility for their crimes”.The letter stated that such use of the death penalty violates international human rights as recognised by the UN and called on the UAE to commute the juveniles’ sentence and to ensure a fair appeal trial for the 17 Indian death row inmates.The World Coalition also noted that although the UAE has not carried out an execution since 2008, recent months showed a worrying upwards trend in the number of death sentences.The letter therefore called on the justice minister to “establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty”.> Download the World Coalition's letter to the UAE's justice minister> Support the urgent actions initiated by Amnesty International on behalf of the 17 Indian convicts and of the three juvenile offenders [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Arab Emirates ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2636] => Array ( [objectID] => 4774 [title] => Taiwan breaks five-year moratorium on executions [timestamp] => 1273104000 [date] => 06/05/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/taiwan-breaks-five-year-moratorium-on-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Abolitionists have lashed out at Taiwan’s government for the surprise execution of four death row inmates in contradiction to its public commitment to work towards the abolition of capital punishment. [texte] => Taiwan’s Justice Minister Tseng Yung-Fu (photo) ordered the executions of four death row inmates on April 30. According to World Coalition member organisation Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP), Chang Chun-Hong, Chang Wen-Wei, Hong Chen Yeow and Ke Shi-Ming were killed in the space of just over an hour. Their families weren’t informed and they were not able to meet the four men for the last time before they died.“These executions cast a dark shadow on the country's human rights record, and blatantly contradict the Justice Minister's previously declared intention to abolish the death penalty,” said Catherine Baber, deputy director of the Asia-Pacific programme at Amnesty International, another World Coalition member.Irregularities“We are shocked and enraged at these so-called 'executions according to law',” TAEDP said in a statement. The organisation pointed to irregularities in the executions, including the demand by at least condemned man to have the constitutionality of his sentence examined by the Judicial Yuan, which should have suspended the execution order.Forty other death row inmates have applied for constitutional interpretation with help from TAEDP.TAEDP, the Judicial Reform Foundation, the Taiwan Association for Human Rights, Amnesty International Taiwan, the Taiwan Labor Front, the Human Rights Committee of the Taipei Bar Association, the Regional Tibetan Youth Congress Taiwan, the Taiwan Green Party and the Humanistic Education Foundation together handed a letter of protest to the ministry of justice on May, 1st.The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) calls on the public to write to Taiwan’s President Ma Ying Jeou and Justice Minister Tseng as well as to the country’s leading media organizations to protest against the executions.The debate on the death penalty had forced Taiwan's previous justice minister, abolitionist Wang Ching-feng, to resign last month, prompting a letter from the World Coalition to President Ma to remind him of his committments. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2637] => Array ( [objectID] => 4775 [title] => Soon-to-be abolitionist Benin hosts forum on death penalty in Africa [timestamp] => 1272067200 [date] => 24/04/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/soon-to-be-abolitionist-benin-hosts-forum-on-death-penalty-in-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights held a regional conference on the death penalty in North and West Africa in Benin mid-April. [texte] => After the Kigali conference in September 2009, the death penalty working group of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights organised a second regional meeting in Cotonou between April 12-15, 2010.The conference focused on North- and West-African countries and aimed to raise awareness on the death penalty issue among participants and to help design political and legal strategies for abolition. Participants also examined the prospect of adopting an additional protocol on the death penalty to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.Around 50 people from 15 countries in the region came to take part in the debates. Over four days, plenary sessions and workshops targeted the death penalty in Africa and the means to achieve abolition.Teaching abolitionThe conference emphasised the need to inform and educate the population of the region to fast-track abolition. In that respect, several participants referred to the educational guide “Teaching abolition” published by the World Coalition on World Day Against the Death Penalty, October 10, 2009.Part of the debates also focused on the role of religion in the region, as it can boost abolitionist efforts in some countries and hinder them in others.A continental conference involving experts and officials from African Union member states will follow the Kigali and Cotonou regional meetings.African Commissioner Sylvie Kayitesi, who chairs the working group, is planning to use that opportunity to present African heads of State and government with a draft additional protocol on the death penalty to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Such a move would give Africa a chance to adopt a binding instrument calling for the abolition of the death penalty.On a national level, Benin’s Foreign Affairs Minister Jean-Marie Ehouzou told the conference’s closing ceremony that Benin’s president has asked Parliament to enshrine the abolition of the death penalty in the Constitution. “The government sent the corresponding bill to Parliament five months ago. It will be examined during the parliamentary session due to open soon,” he said. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Benin ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2638] => Array ( [objectID] => 4776 [title] => Liberia urged not to resume executions [timestamp] => 1270771200 [date] => 09/04/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/liberia-urged-not-to-resume-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition has been active in Liberia and internationally to bring the West African country back into the abolitionist community. [texte] => While no executions have taken place in Liberia since 2000, the country has recently reinstated the death penalty and sent three persons to death row. Liberia came close to executing two of them last month.“On March 19, 2010, Hans Williams and Madea Paykue were sentenced to death by the Circuit Court in Monrovia for the murder of 13 year-old Angel Tokpa in 2007,” the World Coalition wrote in a report to be submitted to the United Nations’ Human Rights Council. “They were scheduled to be publicly hung on Friday, March 26, 2010 on a Monrovia City beach. The Court ordered the hangings to be public with the bodies left hanging until 6:00pm. An appeal filed with the Supreme Court of Liberia has stayed execution,” the report adds.The UN Human Rights Council will examine the situation in Liberia as part of its Universal Periodic Review in November 2010.Presidential pledgeAny execution in Liberia would violate the pledge made by President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf in December 2008 to the World Coalition’s treasurer Speedy Rice and Anthony Valcke of the American Bar Association that she would not sign any death warrants.Rice reminded Johnson-Sirleaf of her promise in a letter on behalf of the World Coalition on March 23.The use of the death penalty also contradicts the Liberia’s obligations under international law.On July 16, 2008, amid popular outcry at a wave of violent crime, the Liberian Senate passed a bill making armed robbery, terrorism and hijacking capital offenses if they result in death, despite Liberia’s accession to the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty in 2005. That treaty explicitly prohibits executions (“No one within the jurisdiction of a State Party to the present Protocol shall be executed,” Art. 1) and bans any reinstatement of capital punishment.“The former Minister of Justice issued a legal opinion that while Liberia had acceded to the Protocol, since the Liberian Legislature has not ratified it as required under the Liberian Constitution, it has no legal force in domestic law. His opinion recognizes that there has been an international commitment but it is not a commitment that can bind domestic law,” Rice said.The report to the UN Human Rights Council states that “the World Coalition is deeply concerned by the reinstatement of the death penalty and by the possible resumption of executions in the near future in Liberia which will result in a violation of its international commitment”.Making Liberia an abolitionist leader once againThe World Coalition has been working closely with Liberian NGOs, the national authorities and partners of Liberia such as the European Union to ensure that death sentences are commuted to prison terms until the country abolishes capital punishment again.“At one stage Liberia was shaping itself to be a leader in the abolition of the death penalty in Africa,” Rice wrote to Johnson-Sirleaf. “How do we retrace those steps so that Liberia is walking forward and in line with the global trend towards abolition once again?” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liberia [1] => Liberia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2639] => Array ( [objectID] => 4777 [title] => Four Japanese executed in China [timestamp] => 1270771200 [date] => 09/04/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/four-japanese-executed-in-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A Japanese abolitionist organisation has criticised both the Chinese and the Japanese authorities after the series of executions. [texte] => Four Japanese nationals found guilty of drug smuggling were executed in China in recent days. Teruo Takeda, 67, Hironori Ukai, 48, and Katsuo Mori, 67, were put to death on April 8. On April 6, China had executed Mitsunobu Akano, 65.After British national Akmal Shaikh was executed on December 29, 2009 amid international outcry, Japanese citizens are the new victims of the Chinese authorities’ tough stance on drug trafficking.Maiko Tagusari (photo), the secretary general of World Coalition member organisation Center for Prisoners’ Rights Japan (CPR), stated that China’s policy violates international legal provisions that reserve the death penalty for the most horrible crimes.“There is no room to interpret that drug-related offences are regarded as ‘the most serious crimes’ under Article 6, paragraph 2 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,” she wrote.She added that Akano did not have a fair trial.“No decisive attitude”“Center for Prisoners’ Rights Japan strongly denounces this premeditated murder by the Chinese government. At the same time we condemn the Japanese government, which took no decisive attitude against the imminent execution of its own citizen, despite the Deputy Prime Minister’s visit to China earlier this month,” Tagusari further wrote.CPR regretted that although Japanese Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada expressed concern over how the executions will impact public sentiment, the government made no specific demands to stop the scheduled execution.On April 8, Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama called Akano's case “regrettable”, but said he hoped relations with China would not be affected, according to media reports.In contrast, Japan’s justice minister Keiko Chiba, an abolitionist who has blocked executions in her country since she was appointed, said: “I am concerned about relations between Japan and China when I think of the uncomfortable feeling or reaction felt by a majority of the Japanese people … I wish China had thought about this point more.”Japan itself has been criticized for its heavy use of the death penalty in recent years. However, the new government that came to power in November 2009 is seen as more open to the idea of a moratorium and eventual abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2640] => Array ( [objectID] => 4778 [title] => Belarusian setback on the way to abolition [timestamp] => 1270166400 [date] => 02/04/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/belarusian-setback-on-the-way-to-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/74e7c8a643ef9d250254f51f84d8dbf2_2.jpg [extrait] => After one year of encouraging signals from Belarus, the last European country with the death penalty has brutally resumed secretive executions and the harassment of abolitionist activists. [texte] => On March 22, 2010, World Coalition member organisation Amnesty International revealed that two men, Andrey Zhuk and Vasil Yzepchuk, had recently been executed in Minsk, the Belarusian capital.Because of Belarus’s policy of opacity on executions, the news only came out when Zhuk’s mother failed to contact him and was finally told that her son had been shot.On March 23, Ales Bialiatski, FIDH Vice President and President of Belarusian Human Rights Center Viasna was arrested and fined with three other human right activists as they protested peacefully against the executions in Minsk.Both events attracted stark criticism from human right defenders and international organisations.In a letter to Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko (photo) on March 24, the World Coalition called on Belarus to “commute the death sentences of those remaining on death row and adopt a moratorium on executions”, and to “ensure the right to peaceful demonstration is not interfered with arbitrarily”.“Insurmoutable obstacle” for dialogue with EuropeIn a joint statement, the bodies dealing with Belarus for the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the European Parliament and the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly wrote: “The Belarusian authorities carried out the executions ignoring all appeals to for clemency and knowing that capital punishment represents an insurmountable obstacle for the development of political dialogue with the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the European Parliament.”The executions also flew in the face of the United Nations Human Rights Committee, which had specifically asked Belarus not to execute the two men while it was investigating whether they had had a fair trial.In its letter to President Lukashenko, the World Coalition regretted that Belarus lifted the moratorium on executions observed throughout 2009. It also expressed surprise that the executions contradicted recent positive contacts with Belarusian officials. “At the 4th World Congress against the Death Penalty we were happy to welcome representatives of Belarus, and to receive and discuss with them the document “Belarus’ approach to step-by-step abolition of the death penalty”,” the letter read.The Belarusian Helsinki Committee, which the World Coalition’s member organization in Belarus, helped publicise the letter in the country.Its chairperson Aleh Hulak described the cruelty of Belarusian execution procedures towards the families of death row inmates: “Firstly, they learn about the execution only post factum, as was the case now. The mother of Andrey Zhuk learned the news when she attempted to pass a parcel for him and it was not accepted. Secondly, the official notification of the shooting is sent to them only a month later, which prompts them to cherish hopes until the last moment that an error has occurred. Thirdly, they are not given the body of the convict or his belongings and they are not able to bury the killed person in accordance with established rituals. Relatives are not even told where the burial place is.”Download the World Coalition's letter to President Lukashenko:- in English- in Russian [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2641] => Array ( [objectID] => 4779 [title] => 2009 Amnesty statistics: at least 714 executions… excluding China [timestamp] => 1269907200 [date] => 30/03/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/2009-amnesty-statistics-at-least-714-executions-excluding-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International has released its report on the death penalty in the world in 2009. The organisation has decided to exclude China from its calculation due to the lack of transparency on capital punishment in that country. [texte] => Amnesty International's annual report on the death penalty reveals that at least 714 people were executed in 18 countries and at least 2001 people were sentenced to death in 56 countries last year.This excludes the thousands of executions that were likely to have taken place in China, where information on the death penalty remains a state secret.In a challenge to China's lack of transparency, Amnesty International has decided not to publish its own minimum figures for Chinese executions and death sentences in 2009. Estimates based on the publicly available information grossly under represent the actual number the state killed or sentenced to death."The death penalty is cruel and degrading, and an affront to human dignity," said Claudio Cordone, Amnesty International's Interim Secretary General."The Chinese authorities claim that fewer executions are taking place. If this is true, why won't they tell the world how many people the state put to death?"Watch him explain Amnesty's decision below.Amnesty International's research shows that countries that still carry out executions are the exception rather than the rule. In addition to China, the worst offending nations were Iran with at least 388 executions, Iraq at least 120, Saudi Arabia at least 69 and the USA with 52.The past year saw capital punishment applied extensively to send political messages, to silence opponents or to promote political agendas in China, Iran and Sudan, according to Amnesty International's report.In Iran, 112 executions were known to have taken place in the eight-week period between the presidential election on 12 June and the inauguration of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad for a second term as President on 5 August.The report addresses the discriminatory way the death penalty was applied in 2009, often after grossly unfair trials, and used disproportionately against the poor, minorities and members of racial, ethnic and religious communities.Abolition in Burundi and in TogoYet the figures also show that the world continued to move towards abolition in 2009. The number of countries that have removed capital punishment entirely from their laws rose to 95 as Burundi and Togo abolished the death penalty for all crimes.For the first year since Amnesty International began keeping records, no executions took place in Europe in 2009. Belarus is the only country in the region that continues to use the death penalty. Across the Americas, the USA was the only country to carry out executions."Fewer countries than ever before are carrying out executions. As it did with slavery and apartheid, the world is rejecting this embarrassment to humanity," said Claudio Cordone. "We are moving closer to a death penalty free world, but until that day every execution must be opposed."Download the report in English, French, Spanish or Arabic from Amnesty's website [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => Burundi [2] => China [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Iraq [5] => Saudi Arabia [6] => Togo [7] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2642] => Array ( [objectID] => 4780 [title] => Hank Skinner’s execution stayed amid international action [timestamp] => 1269475200 [date] => 25/03/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hank-skinners-execution-stayed-amid-international-action/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The American death row inmate heard the news less than one hour before he was scheduled to die. From Huntsville to Paris, activists demand that new evidence be examined. [texte] => For the second time in less than two years, the execution of a US death row inmate likely to be innocent was stayed at the last moment following international outcry.After Troy Davis in October 2008, Hank Skinner saw his execution suspended by the US Supreme Court on March 24, less than one hour before the scheduled time of his execution by lethal injection.The Supreme Court will now examine which legal avenue may be admitted to accommodate the possibility of fresh DNA analysis, which the defence has been requesting for 15 years.Speaking on Larry King Live, CNN’s flagship talk show, Sandrine Ageorges-Skinner, the wife of Hank and a representative of the Texas and World coalitions against the death penalty, said: “It is just mind- boggling that evidence preserved from the crime scene, 15 years later, including the murder weapons, a rape kit, nail clippings from one of the victims, a male jacket that doesn't fit his size at all with sweat, hair, DNA, to this day, is not tested.”Watch an extract below:Read the full transcript of the show here.The risk of executing an innocentWorld abolitionists have been highlighting this case and that of Troy Davis to show that in the US and elsewhere, the judiciary is not immune to mistakes. The very existence of the death penalty thus creates the risk of executing an innocent, as happened in another case debated in Texas recently.As before each execution, Texas death penalty opponents had gathered around Huntsville prison. But this time, they were not alone: in Paris, Together Against the Death Penalty and the Free Mumia Abu-Jamal Coalition, both members of the World Coalition had called a protest next to the US embassy.Sandrine Ageorges Skinner is a French national and the French ministry of foreign affairs said it had made representations to the US authorities asking that her husband’s live be spared and his case re-opened. A ministry spokesperson added that France had asked the US to “establish a moratorium on capital executions as a first step towards the death penalty”.The mobilization to prevent Hank Skinner’s execution extended beyond the borders of those two countries, as illustrated in the numerous calls for clemency posted to the Facebook page of Texas Governor Rick Perry. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2643] => Array ( [objectID] => 4781 [title] => Taiwan activists battle in death penalty-triggered political crisis [timestamp] => 1268956800 [date] => 19/03/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/taiwan-activists-battle-in-death-penalty-triggered-political-crisis/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => After Taiwan’s justice minister was forced to step down for not signing execution warrants, local and international abolitionists rushed in to restore a balanced debate and protect the country’s 44 death row inmates. [texte] => It all started with a statement that every abolitionist would like to hear from their government. As she was being criticised for refusing to sign execution warrants, Taiwan’s Justice Minister Wang Ching-feng (photo) published an open letter earlier this month reaffirming her support for the moratorium on the use of the death penalty.Criticism intensified, and she gave a press conference on March 11, during which she said: “I would rather step down than sign any death warrant … If these convicts can have an opportunity to rehabilitate themselves, I would be very happy to be executed or even go to hell in their stead.”But Wang’s courageous position backfired on her: later that night, after President Ma Ying-jeou and members of her Kuomintang majority party failed to support her publicly ahead of upcoming elections, she had to resign.That event marked the beginning of an uphill battle for the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) and the Taiwan section of Amnesty International, both member organisations of the World Coalition.Supporters of the death penalty, including popular performer and mother of murder victim Pai Ping-ping, called for the execution of Taiwan’s 44 death row inmates.“Bloodthirsty politicians”“The media extensively covered Pai’s strong opposition to moratorium. This unfortunately encouraged more bloodthirsty politicians to bash Wang for the non-execution, which in turn led to more sensational and irrational media report on the issue (especially TV talk shows),” TAEDP’s executive director Lin Hsin-yi (photo below) wrote.Her organization embarked on a patient effort to try and turn the tide of public opinion as polls showed that around 75% of the Taiwanese supported the death penalty. Within days of hard work, they managed to make their voice heard. “Now the media treats opinions against the death penalty comparatively fair. Recently, articles pro or con the death penalty with great arguments could be seen every day in main newspapers,” Lin added.Abolitionists started by explaining the role of the justice minister in death penalty cases: “The Code of Criminal Procedure thus makes clear that the justice minister is much more than a rubber stamp on the way to the executioner. The minister’s role is to ensure that the utmost caution is exercised in death penalty cases,” TAEDP wrote in a statement on March 10. They then ensured that the acting justice minister who filled in for Wang agreed with that position.The World Coalition writes to president MaThe World Coalition coordinated with its Taiwanese members to send a letter to President Ma on March 12. American law professor and World Coalition treasurer Speedy Rice, who visited President Ma two years ago and was told that Taiwan would keep moving towards abolition, wrote in the letter: “Your public and official assurance to us in 2008 should not be overlooked or dismissed due to transitory political debate and Wang’s resignation.”Other World Coalition members, including the international secretariat of Amnesty International, the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) and the International Federation of Action by Christians Against Torture (FIACAT) reacted with public statements and letter to the Taiwanese authorities.TAEDP also stepped in to protect the life of Taiwanese death row inmates. In addition to representations made since 2007 to question the constitutionality of the trials of 14 of them, TAEDP launched fresh legal action on their behalf to question the very compatibility of the death penalty with the constitution.“Because we can’t predict the stance of the new Minister, in order to make sure of our safe ground, we are trying to contact the remaining 30 death row inmates or their families to have them authorise us to appeal for constitutional interpretation for them,” Lin wrote.“Our priority is to extend the time of the unofficial moratorium in Taiwan,” she added. No execution has taken place there since 2005.Read more:The World Coalition's letter to President Ma- in English- in ChineseTAEDP's press releases- on March 10- on March 12Wang photo: VOA Photo/Chen Su [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2644] => Array ( [objectID] => 4782 [title] => Geneva 2010: uniting abolitionists at all levels [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/geneva-2010-uniting-abolitionists-at-all-levels/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A wide variety of abolitionist actors gathered in Geneva between February 24-26 for the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty. After three days of working sessions, the participants called on abolitionist states and internatinonal institutions to support their efforts. [texte] => After an opening ceremony marked by the presence of numerous international political leaders, participants to the World Congress met at the Geneva International Conference Centre.Behind the colourful stands manned by abolitionist organizations from around the world in the entrance hall, the quiet corridors of the conference centre were humming with discussions between activists and announcements for the numerous thematic meetings - the role of lawyers, the use of the internet by abolitionist militants, discrimination in the administration of capital punishment... - and geographic discussions, from Asia to Africa, the Middle East and tthe Caribbean.The Congress ended on February 26 with a solemn ceremony with speakers including Iranian Nobel Prize laureate Shirin Ebadi, leading American abolitionist figure Sr Helen Prejean and Switzerland's Federal Councillor for Foreign Affairs Micheline Calmy Rey.While the days were filled with intense reflection, the evenings were more emotional. On Thursday, the voice of singer Emily Loizeau gave delegates some breathing space between moving testimonies by ordinary citizens whose life tipped over when the death penalty knocked on their door.Wednesday night’s touching performance of the play based on Victor Hugo’s novel The Last day of a Condemned Man was just one example of the presence of artists at the World Congress, including photographic and cartoons exhibitions as well as an artistic installation representing a grim electric chair.Watch the opening speech by World Coalition representative Elizabeth Zitrin at the UN's Palace of Nations:Full Congress coverage Congress highlightsGeneva 2010: uniting abolitionists at all levelsAbolitionist co-operation at all levels kick-started in GenevaUniversal abolition will happen when four key countries change sidesAfter the debates, the victims’ emotionsWorld Congress ends with words of hope The debates in detailSpot opportunities and focus on education, abolitionists are toldTo escape the death penalty: be rich and kill a foreignerProtecting vulnerable groups from the death penaltyReligion in favour of abolitionCampaigning through forgivingCrime and populism prevent abolition in the CaribbeanPushing for abolition in the Middle East and in North AfricaAsia between an abolitionist trend and populist politicsFrom moratorium to abolition: Africa wants to make the jumpAbolition as seen by police and justice practitionersClever use of online tools could boost activismDetailing EU support for NGOs Meet abolitionists“We are the future” – Kids Against the Death Penalty“Young people over 13 will understand”“We go to the prisoner’s village to question the witnesses”Uniting activists’ forces is Amina Bouayach’s obsession“Academics can enable activists with technology”Live from death rowPicture petition for abolition Artists weigh inPortraits of the death penaltyThe Last Day of a Condemned Man/Autopsy of fearPress cartoons: illustrating injustice Downloadable reference documentsFinal declaration of the World Congress- in English- in French- in Chinese- in German- in Spanish- in Arabic- in RussianOpening session speeches:- Elizabeth Zitrin, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (English)- Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan, Managing Director, ECPM (French)- Pascale Bruderer, president of the Swiss National Council (French/English)- François Zimeray, French ambassador for human rights (French)- Victorio Taccetti, Argentine vice-minister for foreign affairs (Spanish)- Jean Asselborn, Luxemburg's foreign affairs minister (French)- Laurette Onkelinx, vice-prime minister of Belgium (French)- Vincenzo Scotti, Italian state minister for foreign affairs (English)- Arnaud Gaillard, Coordinator of the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty (French)- Abdou Diouf, Secretary general of La Francophonie (French)- Gry Larsen, Norwegian state secretary for foreign affairs (English)Solemn ceremony speeches:- Message from Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Secretary of state of the Holy See (English)- Message from Mongolian President Tsakhia Elbegdorj (English)- Summary of Congress debates by Mario Marazziti, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (English) Listen back to the debatesVisit the Congress audio section on ECPM's website (text introductions in French, MP3 recordings in English and in French) Watch the Congress videos[/en] " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2645] => Array ( [objectID] => 4783 [title] => Universal abolition will happen when four key countries change sides [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/universal-abolition-will-happen-when-four-key-countries-change-sides/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The US, Iran, China and Japan hold a strategic cultural or geographic position, but the road to abolition remains blocked in those countries. [texte] => The second plenary session of the World Congress offered a platform to renowned activists who painted a grim picture of the evolution towards abolition in their home country.Juveniles put to death in IranIranian lawyer and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Shirin Ebadi said: “Iran sentences children to death. In my country, the law establishes penal responsibility as early as 9 years of age for girls and 15 for boys.”She described the methods of execution in use in Iran – hanging, shooting and stoning, insisting that the stones were cut in a way that provoked the longest possible suffering for the person stoned to death.China holds world execution recordChina holds the world record for the number of executions. Although a review of all death sentences by the Supreme Court became compulsory in 2007, it is not fully enforced by a corrupt justice system that organizes organ the trafficking of organs from executed prisoners.“Half of capital crimes are counter-revolutionary activities opposing the regime, which proves that the government uses the death penalty to stay in power,” said Chinese lawyer Tianyong Jiang.Joey Lee, a Chinese lawyer with Human Rights in China, denounced the secrecy surrounding the death penalty in his country. “We know that China executes thousands of people, but the government withholds information, which is a major obstacle to the sensitization of public opinion.”Cost of death penalty debated in the USFormer California State Attorney John Van de Kamp said the cost of the death penalty was six times higher than that of life sentences because of lengthy appeals, jury expenses and expert fees. The cost of keeping 3,300 people on death row in the US is astronomical. “Let’s use this money to prevent new crimes, indemnify victims and solve cold cases,” he said.Gail Chasey, a New Mexico lawmaker who pushed for the successful abolition of the death penalty, added that it was never a deterrent. “There was one execution in 40 years in New Mexico. One year before that execution, there were 99 crimes. One year later, there were 152,” she said.Death row inmates driven to insanity in JapanJapanese death row inmates wait for years in solitary confinement without knowing the date of their execution. Their lawyers say many of them become insane. And, unlike in the US, they cannot make their voice heard outside prison.Maiko Tagusari, a lawyer and activist with the Center for Prisoners’ Rights, added: “The method of execution by hanging has not changed in 140 years in Japan. That would not happen in a democratic state where public opinion is informed.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [2] => Japan [3] => Switzerland [4] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2646] => Array ( [objectID] => 4784 [title] => From moratorium to abolition: Africa wants to make the jump [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/from-moratorium-to-abolition-africa-wants-to-make-the-jump/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Five African icons in the struggle against the death penalty joined together to debate the transition from a moratorium on executions to full legal abolition. [texte] => This ambitious project faces many obstacles, as Johnson Byabashaija, Uganda’s Prison Commissioner General explained. Sub-Saharan communities are very punitive and retributive. As an example: “A civilian can be executed by the civilian population for the theft of a chicken without the justice system intervening”. Moreover, the majority of politicians support the death penalty. But the five experts are confident and like to cite the examples of Burundi and Togo who both abolished capital punishment in 2009.The different abolitionist movements, including the African Commission for Human Rights, have numerous tools. Philip F. Iya, member of the working group on the death penalty within that institution, identified four strategies: law reform, obtaining a protocol for abolition, assurance that each case be treated seriously and, finally, the putting in place of measures against the death penalty by the different states.Liévin Ngondji, President of the Democratic Republic of Congo association Culture pour la paix et la justice (Culture for Peace and Justice) concluded by warning that: “As long as abolitionists are not united, and do not concentrate their efforts, we will not move forward”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi [1] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [2] => Togo [3] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2647] => Array ( [objectID] => 4785 [title] => “We go to the prisoner’s village to question the witnesses” [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/we-go-to-the-prisoners-village-to-question-the-witnesses/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Caroline Muchuma, contributor to the round table on the vital role played by lawyers in defending those sentenced to death, describing her role as a lawyer and campaigner in Uganda. [texte] => Caroline Muchuma is Legal Officer with the “death penalty” project at the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI) in Uganda. She explains the different means lawyers employ to help those facing capital punishment.Firstly, a lawyer can provide legal representation at the Appellate Court. If the person is sentenced to death, the lawyer can provide legal representation by looking for mitigating circumstances. They can be used to reverse the ruling.Caroline Muchuma gives a few examples of FHRI activities: “To defend a client, we go to the village and question witnesses and those who knew the prisoner. We also engage doctors who carry out psychiatric examinations to know the mental status of the person at the time of the crime and on Death Row.”These steps are completed by social enquiry reports with the prison authorities and other inmates to understand the behaviour of the prisoner. “We also ask the prisoner if he is sorry and we look at the time he has spent in prison,” explains Muchama. “We then compile all this information and we present it to the Court with our client. We plead in his favour for an alternative punishment to execution,” she concludes.See also the contribution from Indian human rights lawyer Navkiran Singh about his experience defending the rights of death row inmates after they are sentenced.Click here to download his speech (PDF) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2648] => Array ( [objectID] => 4786 [title] => “Young people over 13 will understand” [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/young-people-over-13-will-understand/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Wen-Yu Weng (19), a student and debating coach from Thailand who attended the World Congress workshop on educational strategies, thinks young teenagers are mature enough to understand the death penalty debate – just like she did. [texte] => That is the age when Weng started debating. “The death penalty was the first topic I had to debate on. I thought I supported it, but the moment you have to switch and support the other argument, you start changing your opinion,” she said.Weng believes that presenting both sides of the argument would be a very efficient way of winning young people over to the abolitionist side. According to her, they generally know very little about the issue and never give it much thought.“Whenever I coach debating, the death penalty is the classic issue I bring up to get people to start thinking,” she said.Other options discussed during the workshop included using examples with which young people can easily identify. “If you were a child in Iran and did this, you could be killed,” was one of the lines suggested to help kids from abolitionist countries realize the horror of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2649] => Array ( [objectID] => 4787 [title] => “We are the future” – Kids Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/we-are-the-future-kids-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The teenage nephews of an American death row inmate started an anti-death penalty organization that has grown into a pillar of the Texas abolitionist community. [texte] => Gavin, Nick and Nathan Been (12, 13 and 15) are just like any American teenagers – teasing their mom Terri about growing taller than her and asking her to drive them around to meet up with their friends.Except their uncle Jeffrey Wood is on Texas death row, and the meetings they go to tend to be abolitionist protests and public debates on the death penalty rather than baseball matches or birthday parties.“I had to bribe them to play football – they spent their entire life doing this,” Terri said.It was Gavin’s idea to start Kids Against the Death Penalty, their own abolitionist advocacy group. “I wanted to teach people about the Law of Parties. Innocent people die because of it,” he said. According to that piece of Texas legislation, people found to have helped a murderer can be sentenced to death along with the actual culprit.Watch an extract from Gavin's speech at the "Words of Victims" evening during the World Congress:Campaigning started within the family. “Grandpa is for the death penalty, but we are slowly dragging him to our side,” they said. Their group soon grew more popular. “Our friends joined in,” Nick added.However, not everyone approved of their campaign in a state where most people support the death people. “Some people screamed at us when we were protesting and tried to run us over with their truck,” Nathan said. Others insulted them or pulled out guns while walking past them.Yet the Kids were never deterred. They formed links with “just about every abolitionist organization in Texas”. This week, they are in Geneva to tell World Congress participants about their experience – and hand over the Final Declaration of the Congress to UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navanethem Pillay. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2650] => Array ( [objectID] => 4788 [title] => “Academics can enable activists with technology” [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/academics-can-enable-activists-with-technology/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Luis Arroyo Zapatero is the head of the Institute for European and International law at the University of Castilla-La-Mancha. In 2009, he kick-started the foundation of the International Academic Network for the Abolition of Capital Punishment. [texte] => What is the International Academic Network for the Abolition of Capital Punishment about?The idea is to bring together research projects and publications. You can find articles on the death penalty in English; you can find French-language ones in France; in Spanish, you cannot find anything. We need to disseminate these publications through books, of course, but also through the web portal Academicsforabolition.net, for free, while maintaining high academic quality. We want to include historic documents too. We also have an agreement with the Toledo school of translation to produce a brochure in Arabic.You have just had a debate with anti-death penalty activists. What do they expect from academics?Activists expect to be helped. We can give them the foundations of a political idea. For example, we have been working on the links between public opinion and the death penalty. We can give activists technology for the life and the development of the action for a moratorium and abolition.And what do you expect from the activists?What we need most at the moment is passion, especially in order to know what’s going on outside the European fortress. President Zapatero clearly linked the death penalty to the millennium objectives – the fight against poverty, for human rights, violence against women… We need to address these issues together, not isolate the fight against the death penalty from that against violence and for the respect of human rights. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2651] => Array ( [objectID] => 4789 [title] => Pushing for abolition in the Middle East and in North Africa [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pushing-for-abolition-in-the-middle-east-and-in-north-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => According to Amnesty International (2009), 21% of world executions take place in the Middle-East and North Africa. Only one of the 22 Arab League countries is abolitionist: Djibouti. [texte] => Some are on the way towards establishing a moratorium or are abolitionist de facto, but some are far from it, and activists’ work against the death penalty is threatened.Taghreed Jaber, regional director of Penal Reform International's Middle-East and North Africa Regional Office states that "the main obstacle to abolition is poor interpretation of the Islamic Sharia". How can campaigners find ways and strategies to help the abolitionist movement in the Arabic world?Miloud Brahimi, an Algerian lawyer, explains: "Algeria is not mature on the inside, but we can hope the solution will come from the outside. I'm thinking of Turkey, which moved forward on the death penalty because the country wants to be part of Europe. Same for Poland, once it's accepted in Europe, it can't go backward on such issues."It could be an outside solution or a regional example, such as Jordan. Nisreen Zerikat, a Jordanian lawyer says that Jordan must be a positive example for the region. The government adopted a plan to reduce the number of crimes punishable by the death penalty. "It is the start of the path," she says "but a lot of efforts are being made."Head of the Middle East and Africa Office for Amnesty International, Ahmed Karaoud says that the number of activists against the death penalty is rising every day, but he adds that "activists need solidarity". He emphasizes the fact that the struggle against the death penalty accompanies the fight for a fair trial system. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria [1] => Jordan [2] => Poland [3] => Turkey ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2652] => Array ( [objectID] => 4790 [title] => Detailing EU support for NGOs [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/detailing-eu-support-for-ngos/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => European Union support to human rights projects is a well-known fact. Abolitionist organizations are among its beneficiaries. [texte] => An activist who works the American Bar Association detailed why her organization was selected to receive EU funding: “We pay attention to ethnic minorities, the mentally ill and law enforcement practices. Our reports focus on the long term.”A member of the French delegation said diplomats “can do nothing without NGOs”. “Get together and come visit our embassies,” he advised activists. “If one of them cannot see you, go to the embassy of another EU member state.”European diplomats added that the European Commission could offer discreet financial help to NGOs, especially when supporting an organization that is illegal in its home country. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2653] => Array ( [objectID] => 4791 [title] => Abolition as seen by police and justice practicioners [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-as-seen-by-police-and-justice-practicioners/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => You can devote your life to crime reduction in retentionist countries and affirm your opposition to the death penalty. James Abbott is a member of this growing category. [texte] => We are in New Jersey, neighbour state to New York where James Abbott is head of the police. “I’ve devoted my life to the security of the residents here. I’m responsible for the punishment of criminals and conscious that we – police officers – risk our lives for that.” He acknowledges without batting an eyelid that he supported the death penalty for a long time, and never thought he would change his mind: “I’m in favour of the death penalty in theory, but in practice, it does too much damage, so I became an abolitionist”.His duties led him to participate in a New Jersey study on the death penalty. He had always been in favour of tough policies, in favour of victims and without pity for murderers but “in six months of study and consultations, I changed my mind on the death penalty”. His argument stems from the suffering of the victims’ families who want to mourn and not wait out the years of the various appeals and then the final execution, which to compound matters is the focus of the media’s attention.“There is so much suffering during this period,” he reveals, “that the families requested that we stop the process.” This is the case for New Jersey but in all retentionist states, even in Texas, the death penalty takes years and costs millions of dollars. In California, it costs 137 million dollars a year, explains Jon Van de Kamp, the prosecutor for the District of Los Angeles and former state prosecutor for California.By economizing these costs, the police official and the prosecutor propose that psychological and financial help be provided for families. In addition the means attributed to the investigations, in particular DNA tests, could be increased.For James Abbott: “Life imprisonment with no possibility of release is the best alternative”.As a judge, Pierre Akele handed down the death penalty several times. He is President of the Democratic Republic of Congo's military High Court.He says: “The majority of those who are in favour of the death penalty have not experienced it as I have. There is a dynamic to the process, and a dynamic to the investigation that leads you towards it relentlessly. It is only later that we realize the error we have made, and then it’s a tragedy – a tragedy that I carry with me every day.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2654] => Array ( [objectID] => 4792 [title] => Asia between an abolitionist trend and populist politics [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/asia-between-an-abolitionist-trend-and-populist-politics/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => At least 76% of executions worldwide take place in Asia. Despite these impressive figures, Bikramjeet Batra, and indian lawyer with Amnesty International, is optimistic and explains that “the asian trend is toward abolition”. [texte] => Sun Zhongwei, a lawyer and member for the Beijing Death Penalty Defence Lawyers Network, shares Batra’s optimism. His organisation aims to reduce the number of executions and eventually abolish the death penalty.“I'm sure China will end up abolishing death penalty,” he assured. To illustrate his position, he presented recent changes in the legal system.In 1997, China reduced the scope of the death penalty, authorizing it only to punish severe crimes and forbidding it for juveniles. Another significant change came in 2007, when the Beijing supreme court decided to review all death sentences handed down by local courts. His enthusiasm must be tempered with the reality of continuing mass executions in China.Popular support for the death penalty, too, must be taken into account. In Taïwan, according to recent polls, 74% of the population declared to be in favour of capital puniqhment. Bhatara Ibnu Reza, human rights research coordinator for Imparsial, said: “During the 2008 elections, the government tried to attract votes by executing people. It was horrible.”For Reza, there is no link between religion (Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world) and executions. But the political temptation is there. “The government that pleads for death penalty using the Islamic pretext to gain public favour is the worst,” he said. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2655] => Array ( [objectID] => 4793 [title] => Crime and populism prevent abolition in the Caribbean [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/crime-and-populism-prevent-abolition-in-the-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The region has the highest crime rate in the world. Whether it is gratuitous violence, domestic violence, ethnic tensions or drug-related violence, people want solutions faced to the accumulation of crime. [texte] => Juan Matos de Juan, Chairman of the committee against the death penalty, Puerto Rico Bar Association, says that many factors can explain that trend: a tough stance against crime, political and popular support for the death penalty and American influence in regional politics.Amnesty International’s death penalty coordinator Piers Bannister, made an implacable demonstration: “Behind the tourist picture of the Caribbean, reality is not so pleasant. Poverty is a serious problem, many people are living in very difficult situations.”“Let’s hang people”The region has the highest crime rate in the world. For example, Jamaica has the third crime rate in the world after South Africa and Colombia. Whether it is gratuitous violence, domestic violence, ethnic tensions or drug-related violence, people want solutions faced to the accumulation of crime. Piers Bannister explains: “To tackle crime, politicians are saying ‘Let’s hang people’, and the population is enthusiastic about it. Politicians can’t break the circle, even if they are personally against the death penalty.” The challenge is to create an environment in which everyone can live express their conviction.Saul Lehrfreund, Co-Director of the Death Penalty Project (UK), shares the same opinion. “We have to find a dynamic inciting politicians to make a change. They can’t hide behind biblical references or the law of the Talion anymore. We need to help the Caribbean make courageous decisions.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Colombia [1] => Jamaica [2] => South Africa ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2656] => Array ( [objectID] => 4794 [title] => Religion in favour of abolition [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/religion-in-favour-of-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Skull-cap, scarf and priest’s white collar gathered at a round table to discuss the issue of religion in terms of the death penalty. [texte] => The death sentence is forbidden in Buddhism. Yet “it is still supported by many monks,” emphasizes Danthong Breen, the President of the Union for Civil Liberties in Thailand. According to Islam theologian, Siti Musdah Mulia: “Within Islam, there is a predominant place given to respect for human life”. For believers, man is God’s creation, and only He can decide the value of human life. These monotheist religions have a similar approach: religious teaching is incompatible with the death penalty, forgiveness wins out.In terms of vengeance: “An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind,” said Gandhi. It’s true that “if you read the Bible read literally it advocates the death penalty,” acknowledges Marc Raphaël Guedj, former Chief Rabbi of Geneva. Judaism prefers the interpretation of the Talmud. “An eye for an eye can be understood,” according to Marc Raphaël Guedj in terms of values, in terms of compensatory payment: a man who has lost his hand should be recompenses for the loss of his tool of work or the replacement of his hand”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2657] => Array ( [objectID] => 4795 [title] => Clever use of online tools could boost activism [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/clever-use-of-online-tools-could-boost-activism/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Kathy Brown, an English IT specialist, is not the typical anti-death penalty campaigner. She is not an NGO-registered lawyer nor a political science student. But through the internet, she has become active in the global abolitionist community. [texte] => She recently launched TheOptimismClub.com. “The Optimism Club was born on December 29th 2009, in the early hours of the morning, as a group of loosely-connected people across Twitter and Facebook did what they could to raise awareness of the plight and impending execution of Akmal Shaikh, a Briton suspected of being mentally ill who was duped into trafficking drugs into China,” she writes on the website, which is open to written contributions from the public.Brown’s initiative illustrates the potential online communication tools can unleash to bring together who oppose the death penalty. She summarizes her approach in a few words: “I had a blog and I said: ‘I must do something.’”She took part in the World Congress workshop on online abolition strategies, where panelists had similar stories to tell.Chinese writer and blogger Yang Henjun said he wrote a blog post about the Congress four days ago. “200,000 people read it and 2,000 sent messages asking me to tell them what is happening here,” he said. In countries where mainstream channels of communications are blocked by censorship, blogs and other forms of informal online information exchange appear as an alternative to deliver the abolitionist message.While discussing the issue with the audience, Yang posted Twitter updates from his laptop computer.Simon Shepherd, the founder of the British NGO Death Watch International, presented a newly launched web project that aims to help individual activists connect with each other and with organizations.“If you’re sitting in Dakar and oppose the death penalty, how do you contact like-minded people?” he asked. With the Death Penalty Action Network, he hopes to make the answer easier to find and to help the abolitionist movement tap into a hidden reserve of activists. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2658] => Array ( [objectID] => 4796 [title] => After the debates, the victims’ emotions [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/after-the-debates-the-victims-emotions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A large crowd gathered at Geneva’s Bâtiment des Forces Motrices Thursday evening to listen to the poignant stories of thirteen victims allied by their commitment to abolition. [texte] => Some had lost a father, others a sister, a child or a friend through assassination by the State or by a criminal; their life stories recount different relationships with the death penalty but all are opposed to it.Arnaud Gaillard, Coordinator of the World Congress, explained that “After the debates, it is important to understand what the death penalty means on an emotional level”.The emotion on the faces of the audience was apparent as they hung off the words of these exceptional speakers. The discourses were touching and some, including that given by the courageous Kids Against the Death Penalty, inspired evident admiration among the listeners, as proved by the thunderous applause with which their intervention was met.The audience held its collective breath when Sandrine Ageorge reached the lawyer of her husband Hank Skinner, currently on Death Row in Texas, by telephone. This phonecall was followed by another extraordinary one, this time from Mumia Abu-Jamal whom the public heard speak of his life in prison.The evening was paced by musical interludes provided by Emily Loizeau, visibly moved by the various contributions. “I am constantly shocked that such barbarity can still exist in civilized countries”, she admitted.Exiting the venue, a group of shaken teenagers from Geneva described the evening’s impact: “We had goose bumps; the stories were really profound. Seeing how strong these people are, despite the unhappiness they have lived through, gives us the strength and the desire to get involved and fight alongside them”.Watch video extracts from the testimonies:Watch more testimonies in French [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2659] => Array ( [objectID] => 4797 [title] => World Congress ends with words of hope [timestamp] => 1267315200 [date] => 28/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-congress-ends-with-words-of-hope/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Powerful words by the speakers of the solemn ceremony that concluded the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty gave hope to the participants as they prepared to head home. [texte] => Mario Marazziti, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty:“Let’s give the kids of the new generation a world without death penalty. The Death Penalty is sick and weakened. Well, it is good news. »Download the summary of Congress debates by Mario MarazzitiShirin Ebadi, Iranian Nobel Peace Prize laureate:“The road is long, but we won’t lose hope, considering the progress we have already made. I’m convinced that we are going to make our common dream come true very soon.”Sister Helen Prejean, leading US abolitionist:“We must tell these stories, raise awareness among people. Let’s keep this flame alive after we leave here, let’s unite in our various projects.”Message from Mongolian President Elbegdorj Tsakhia:“As the Head of State of Mongolia, I would like to express that I have a zero intention to retreat from the course I started because this is a right, pure and just goal.”Download President Elbegdorj's messageAntoinette Chahine, former Lebanese death row inmate:“I’m here to speak out against the death penalty. Every letter I received was like a positive ray of light during my time on death row. Yes to life, no to the death penalty !”Robert Badinter, French senator:“Speaking out against the death penalty is a moral obligation, a permanent duty. As long as human beings are hanged, gassed, poisoned and shot in this cruel world, we must know no rest. This is a crucial requirement. It is up to you, abolitionist activists, the salt of the Earth, to save lives.”Read the Final Declaration of the World CongressWatch video extracts from the solemn ceremony: [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2660] => Array ( [objectID] => 4798 [title] => Final Declaration 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1267142400 [date] => 26/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/final-declaration-4th-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The participants to the World Congress Against the Death Penalty have handed over their final declaration to the UN's High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navanethem Pillay. [texte] => We the participants at the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty, held in Geneva, Switzerland, from 24 to 26 February 2010 organized by the association Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM), with sponsorship from the Swiss Confederation in partnership with the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP), adopt this declaration after three days of fruitful discussions, exchange of experiences, elaboration of relevant strategies, sharing of testimonies, including the commitment and strong support expressed from states and international institutions: Noting with satisfaction the implementation of several recommendations made at the end of the 3rd World Congress in Paris in 2007; the increasing number of countries that have ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights from 62 to 72; the resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty passed twice by majority in the United Nations General Assembly with more than 100 hundred votes in favor; new regional coalitions against the death penalty which were created; the number of member organizations of the WCADP significantly increased to 104.Noting also the urgent need to intensify our efforts in the courts, bar associations, the media, schools and universities, in human rights organizations, parliaments, governments, international and regional organizations to continue to encourage presently underrepresented retentionist countries in the international community, to be transparent in their practice of capital punishment, to reduce the number of crimes punishable by death in their criminal codes, so they can join the community of abolitionist states; Highlighting the actions and the continued support of the European Union in the fight against the death penalty; We welcome the initiatives and commitment of Switzerland, beyond the Congress, together with Spain, which aims to implement universal moratorium on executions in 2015, with a view of universal abolition; We reconfirm that the death penalty may in no circumstances be regarded as an appropriate response to the violence and tensions which permeate through our societies, taking into account the emotional burden they create, particularly in the context of terrorism, We call, from the host city of international organizations and a symbol of peace: - The de facto abolitionist states to enact legislation abolishing the death penalty in law; - The abolitionist states to integrate the issue of universal abolition in their international relations by making it a major focus of their international policy of promoting human rights; - The international and regional organizations, to support the universal abolition of the death penalty including the adoption of resolutions calling for a moratorium on executions, by supporting educational activities, and increased cooperation with abolitionist NGOs that act locally; - Abolitionist organizations and actors from retentionist states to unite their strength and determination in creating and developing national and regional coalitions, with the aim to promote locally, the universal abolition of capital punishment. Geneva, On February 26, 2010. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2661] => Array ( [objectID] => 4799 [title] => Portraits of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1267142400 [date] => 26/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/portraits-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since 2006, US-based French photographer Caroline Planque has been working on a series of portraits of indirect victims of the death penalty in the US State with the highest number of executions - Texas. [texte] => Those images are currently exhibited at the entrance of the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty under the title "Until death part us". Caroline Planque is in Geneva and told us about her work in the video below.The series of portraits by Caroline Planque was published in ECPM's Abolition Journal along with French-language interviews.Click here to download it. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2662] => Array ( [objectID] => 4800 [title] => Victims of crime oppose the death penalty [timestamp] => 1267142400 [date] => 26/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/victims-of-crime-oppose-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Parents and friends of those killed fill a growing space in the debate on the death penalty and, increasingly, this is to call for abolition rather than vengeance. [texte] => Does retribution bring relief to a victim's family? According to Renny Cushing, Executive Director of Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights (MVFHR), the answer is no. Victims’ families are often opposed to the death penalty. He reports a mother's story: "We cannot honour our daughter by killing her murderer. I believed in it at first, but now I know it's not what I need; I need help as a victim". Thus, it is help and compensation that are required rather than punishment: understanding what happened in the case, knowing the truth and obtaining compensation, not taking a life.Masaharu Harada, member of MVFHR Japan, was himself victim of a murder attempt. He now takes pictures of victims’ and sentenced prisoners’ families. He explained that in Japanese society, more than 85% of the population is in favour of the death penalty and that the families of prisoners sentenced to death are rejected by society. Guissou Jahangiri, Executive Director of the Armanshahr Foundation, described how in Afghanistan: "It's almost unreal to fight against the death penalty when every day there are new civilian victims in a country that has endured violence and impunity for the last four decades".Nevertheless, a Plan of Action for Peace, Reconciliation and Justice was set up in 2005. Its goals include the recognition of the suffering, of the Afghan people, investigations into crimes committed and the creation of a justice system. This indicated the beginnings of national reconciliation through reflections on mending and compensating rather than through prioritizing punishment [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2663] => Array ( [objectID] => 4801 [title] => Picture petition for abolition [timestamp] => 1267142400 [date] => 26/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/picture-petition-for-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Hundreds of participants to Geneva 2010 chose to display their commitment in favour of the abolition of the death penalty by having their photograph taken. [texte] => Faces-AmericasClick on the image to see the photos.For more information or to obtain photos, please contact congressistes@abolition.fr [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2664] => Array ( [objectID] => 4802 [title] => Geneva 2010: day 2 of intense working sessions [timestamp] => 1267056000 [date] => 25/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/geneva-2010-day-2-of-intense-working-sessions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => National political leaders, activists, representatives of international organisations and many others have made it: a wide variety of abolitionist actors are now gathered in Geneva for the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => After an opening ceremony marked by the presence of numerous international political leaders, participants to the World Congress have been meeting at the Geneva International Conference Centre.Behind the colourful stands manned by abolitionist organizations from around the world in the entrance hall, the quiet corridors of the conference centre are humming with discussions between activists and announcements for the numerous thematic meetings scheduled during the Congress, covering subjects ranging from the design of campaigning strategies to discrimination in the administration of the death penalty.Following Wednesday night’s touching performance of the play based on Victor Hugo’s novel The Last day of a Condemned Man, the Congress’s cultural programme continues to evolve and includes photographic and cartoons exhibitions as well as an artistic installation representing a grim electric chair.Singer Emily Loizeau will take part in an exceptional event this evening, when her songs will alternate with testimonies from victims of the death penalty.Live from the CongressTo escape the death penalty: be rich and kill a foreignerCampaigners and political leaders unite against the death penaltyProtecting vulnerable groups from the death penlatyCampaigning through forgiving [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2665] => Array ( [objectID] => 4803 [title] => Live from death row [timestamp] => 1267056000 [date] => 25/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/live-from-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 180 members of the public who had gathered to view the film Manners of dying had an opportunity to witness a discussion between Mumia Abu-Jamal and his lawyer Robert Bryan. [texte] => The film screening organized Tuesday evening at Maison des arts du Grütli by the International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights saw a phone discussion with the famous American death row inmate Mumia Abu-Jamal – 15 minutes live from death row.“ It was a very moving moment live from death row,” a member of the audience said. “Thanks for the privilege we had to discuss with him,” another person added. The emotion was palpable among the public.“Mumia doesn’t feel like a symbol of the anti-death penalty campaign,” said Robert Bryan. Today, Barack Obama can make the difference , he continued, referring to a petition to the US president already signed by 17,000 people.According to Bryan, the death penalty is a privilege reserved for the poor, but it is also a public finance issue. “If it is more expensive to execute somebody than to send them jail for an entire life, why not use this money for education, for instance ?», he asked.For more information about Mumia Abu jamal, and to sign the international petition, please visit www.mumialegal.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2666] => Array ( [objectID] => 4804 [title] => Uniting activists’ forces is Amina Bouayach’s obsession [timestamp] => 1267056000 [date] => 25/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/uniting-activists-forces-is-amina-bouayachs-obsession/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Moroccan human rights campaigner came to discuss the best ways of bringing together abolitionist efforts with World Congress participants. [texte] => A bright smile on her face, Amina Bouayach know how to bring together scattered forces for the defence of human rights. A communication professional by trade, she became an activist in the 1980s to defend political prisoners in Morocco.She was inspired by the movements at work to help political prisoners in South-American dictatorships at the time. She then became convinced that unity was an almighty strength. “From then on, my focus has always been: ‘How to get together to defend certain rights?’,” she says.Bouayach is a founding member of the Moroccan Organisation for Human Rights (OMDH), which she now chairs. Her organization began campaigning against the death penalty in 1993, when OMDH criticized the execution of high-ranking security official. “We went against that sentence and against the death penalty as a punishment. Reactions were strongly negative.” Yet the next year, after OMDH included the death penalty among “serious violations of human rights” in Morocco, a royal decree of amnesty saved the life of all death row inmates.Abolitionism is a “complex” projectBouayach came to the World Congress to tell participants that the struggle for the abolition of the death penalty is a “complex” project, which combines protection and promotion of human rights. “The protection of human rights can be compared to the job of an emergency room doctor, while their promotion is a long-term piece of work,” she said.Hence the need to bring together all kinds of abolitionist actors, starting with human rights NGOs. Bouayach took part in that work in Morocco, where there is now a national-level coalition.Aurélie Plaçais, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty’s campaign co-ordinator, joined her in the workshop on coalition building. She said that while NGOs were ideal actors to start coalitions, they should then “open up to States, local authorities, lawyers, judges, etc.”According to Plaçais, when a coalition manages to maintain interest among its members in the long run and to develop its own identity without “overshadowing its members”, huge benefits arise. Not only is its members’ action strengthen by shared knowledge and arguments; the coalition also gains campaigning weight.“When you publish a report or a press release as a single organization, it does not have the same impact as if it was done by all the members of a coalition on the scale of a country or a region,” she pointed out. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2667] => Array ( [objectID] => 4805 [title] => Geneva 2010: the world’s largest abolitionist meeting is underway [timestamp] => 1266969600 [date] => 24/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/geneva-2010-the-worlds-largest-abolitionist-meeting-is-underway/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => National political leaders, activists, representatives of international organisations and many others have made it: a wide variety of abolitionist actors are now gathered in Geneva for the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => This Wednesday morning’s opening session reflects the effort to bring together all the forces at work in the abolitionist movement, from grassroots groups to far-reaching transnational organisations.In the highly symbolic setting of the Palace of Nations – the headquarters of the UN’s human rights agencies – speakers from all horizons have been taking turns to address the participants. Representatives from international organisations and government ministers came to seal their alliance with NGOs, who were represented by Ensemble contre la peine de mort and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty at the opening session.As soon as the official opening session ended, more than 1,000 participants got down to work. All burning issues regarding the death penalty in 2010 are being dealt with through a dense programme of working sessions, starting with a packed plenary meeting on the involvement of international organisations.Congress participants then split into smaller groups to discuss issues such as discrimination in the administration of the death penalty and ways to establish strategies against capital punishment.The World Congress also makes room for testimonies from the victims of the cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment that is the death penalty. In a pre-Congress session, the participants to a screening of the film Manners of dying Tuesday evening got a rare chance to hear US death row inmate Mumia Abu Jamal speak live from his prison cell over the telephone. This was the first occasion among many in the three coming days to hear death row inmates, their relatives and friends as well as those of crime victims, to put a face on the added and useless suffering created by capital punishment. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2668] => Array ( [objectID] => 4806 [title] => Campaigners and political leaders unite against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1266969600 [date] => 24/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/campaigners-and-political-leaders-unite-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Representatives from 56 abolitionist and retentionist countries attended the opening session of the World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Geneva. [texte] => The 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty opened Wednesday in Geneva, Switzerland. Early this morning, a crowd of politicians, lawyers, campaigners and journalists overran the fortress of the Palais des Nations, soon to be joined by representatives of United Nations member states. Long-time defenders of the abolition of the death penalty were there including the Congress’ host country Switzerland, Italy, France, Norway, Spain. Representatives of some retentionist countries including Belarus – the only remaining country in the Council of Europe to carry out executions – Vietnam, Mongolia and Qatar were also present. After the opening speech by Sergei Ordzhonikidze, Director-General, United Nations Office at Geneva, Raphaël Chenuil, Director-General ECPM thanked the Congress’ numerous partners, starting with the Swiss Confederation and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Watch video extracts from the opening session:Speaking on behalf of the World Coalition, Elizabeth Zitrin of Death Penalty Focus reminded the participants that “the World Coalition was born out of the 1st World Congress Against the Death Penalty. ECPM lit the fire of both the Congress and the Coalition, and the flame has been tended by many.”She gave a concrete example of cross-border co-operation, describing how World Coalition members rallied to support her organisation in a public debate on death penalty regulations in California. “As the letter from our member in Togo, which had abolished the death penalty just a few days before, was read in French in the capital of California, I cried, and I knew that our friends were with us, and I knew that the world was watching,” she said.Forthright declarationsThe speeches given by politicians, including the Ministers for Foreign Affairs from Argentina, Italy, Luxembourg and Benin, surprised the audience by their forthrightness: each one proclaimed his attachment to the abolition of the death penalty with fervor, faith and conviction.“Switzerland has banned the death penalty because this punishment has no place in human society today”, hammered home Pascale Bruderer, President, National Council (Parliament) of Switzerland.The speeches were often passionate, often moving or even provocative like that of Bianca Jagger, Council of Europe Ambassador. She described the horrors of executions and pointed out the United States’ guilt in this regard. Use of the death penalty is unworthy of a democracy, she affirmed before a room that included Americans (often campaigners).Zapatero, Diouf and Badinter among the campaignersJosé Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, head of the Spanish government which currently holds the European Union presidency, arrived at the end of the first session to much acclaim. He was seated beside Abdou Diouf, former President of Senegal and current General Secretary of La Francophonie, and Robert Badinter, former French Minister for Justice.Mr Badinter opened the second part of the ceremony, devoted to advocacy. “I want to tell you all so that there’s no room for doubt: it’s a congress for all campaigners, however high placed they are,” he stated, turning towards Diouf and Zapatero. The contributions of his two neighbours confirmed this assertion.Zapatero explained: “At the present time, more than two thirds of UN member countries have abolished the death penalty in law…. Spain and the Spaniards are fully committed to this fight against the death penalty. Today is a new phase in that fight with the creation of a commission dedicated to its abolition. The commission will include people of high moral standing and from all regions of the world”.Click here to download Elizabeth Zitrin's address to the opening ceremony of the World Congress on behalf of the World Coalition [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => France [2] => Italy [3] => Mongolia [4] => Norway [5] => Qatar [6] => Senegal [7] => Spain [8] => Switzerland [9] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2669] => Array ( [objectID] => 4807 [title] => To escape the death penalty: be rich and kill a foreigner [timestamp] => 1266969600 [date] => 24/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/to-escape-the-death-penalty-be-rich-and-kill-a-foreigner/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The racial origin of the victim and the social class of the criminal are key factors of discrimination. [texte] => Nabeel Rajab, President of the Bahrain Human Rights Centre, highlighted the specificity of the Golf Region: “Between 25% and 80% of the population in our countries is from Africa and Asia, they come to work.” In Saudi Arabia, where immigrants represent 30% of the population, 50% of executions are of prisoners of immigrant origin. “The population is vulnerable as often immigrants do not have an embassy to help them in their country of residence. When there is an embassy, for fear of displeasing the rich Golf countries, it suppresses the story,” he explained.In these conditions, how is it possible to defend oneself with no political support, no money, in a foreign language and without legal guidance?“Money can buy immunity”“Money can buy immunity; torture and the death penalty are for the poor,” confirmed Kamran Arif, a lawyer in Pakistan, where a third of all men and women sentenced to death in the world are found.In the United States, the defence of a sentenced person is also linked to financial resources but not only: ethnic origin also plays a primordial role. Recently carried out studies revealed that the risk of being sentenced to death increase by 50% if the victim is white.Michael Radelet, professor at the University of Colorado studied 16,000 death sentence cases and discovered that the victim was black in only 30 cases. “Even more that the race of the defendant, it’s the race of the victim that counts.”Nabeel Rajab explained that this disturbing fact also holds true in Bahrain. It was left to Michael Radelet to conclude in the face of such injustice: “the more people are informed about the death penalty, the more they oppose it”.Roundtable on wednesday february 24Racial, ethnic, and social bias in the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bahrain [1] => Pakistan [2] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2670] => Array ( [objectID] => 4808 [title] => Protecting vulnerable groups from the death penalty [timestamp] => 1266969600 [date] => 24/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/protecting-vulnerable-groups-from-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Juveniles and the mentally ill face a higher risk of falling victims to the death penalty. Abolitionists and activists defending their rights have teamed up to highlight this situation. [texte] => Nazanin Afshin-Jam is Iranian-Canadian and works for Stop Child Execution. She is an outstanding speaker, who can, in a few words, describe the tragic situation of the use of the death penalty for juveniles in Iran, a country that is growing more radical and closed every day. She is also representing Mohammad Mostafaei, an Iranian lawyer, specialist in the struggle against the death penalty for juveniles and prevented by the Iranian authorities from leaving the country. Ameir Mohamed Suliman comes from Sudan and works for the African Center for Justice and Peace Studies. He explains that minors face the same sentences in his country as in Iran. Under Islamic law in force in these countries, girls come of age at the age of nine and boys on reaching fifteen. Executions of juveniles are not rare for crimes such as murder (mostly self-defense), homosexuality, sex outside marriage or drug trafficking. According to James Ellis, lawyer and professor at the University of New Mexico, this is an "atrocity", no matter what the crime. He was one of the lawyers who obtained the ban on the execution of mentally handicapped persons in all American States at the Supreme Court. James Welsh, Health and Human Rights Coordinator for Amnesty International, insists on the importance of the terminology.How to treat mental illness cases, understand and discern everything that this vague term can cover? A report on a defendant established by an expert is always a double-edged sword. Isn't the report going to make things worse? Does the prisoner understand the punishment that he is receiving? What about countries’ lack of capacity to do mental health assessments?And once the fight against death penalty is over, the struggle will go on against inhuman treatments in jails of all detainees, especially vulnerable groups, such as juveniles, those with mental health issues and even women.Nevertheless, "I am still optimistic," declared James Welsh.Roundtable on wednesday february 24Protecting vulnerable groups from the death penalty : juveniles and those with mental health issues. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [1] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Juveniles [2] => Mental Illness [3] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2671] => Array ( [objectID] => 4809 [title] => Campaigning through forgiving [timestamp] => 1266969600 [date] => 24/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/campaigning-through-forgiving/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A former death row inmate and the grandson of a murder victim explain why compassion – not the death penalty – is the way to heal wounds. [texte] => Real-life stories are the best arguments.Joaquin José Martinez is a former US death row inmate who was found innocent and freed. When he was 24 years old, he was living a true success story – the American dream. He liked big cars and glamourous parties. His divorce was underway, but he had a new girlfriend. At that time, he supported the death penalty.After a double murder, wanted posters came up all over his town. A man was shot dead and a woman slashed 30 times with a knife. The man was the son of the sheriff.“I was out partying with my new girlfriend when I saw helicopters and several police cars. When they aimed their guns at me, I knew they were serious. After they arrested me, they told me they had a tape in which I confessed to the murder.”I fact, his ex-wife turned him in. The tape is inaudible and the sheriff whose son was killed wrote the transcript.The prosecutor and the court are convinced that Martinez is guilty. They sentence him to death.An international campaign on his behalf spreads to Europe. Even Pope John Paul II called for a second trial. His defence team manages to raise 1 million dollars to appeal his sentence. Ensemble contre la peine de mort contributed support.After a lengthy process, Martinez is exonerated and released. “Nowadays, I speak to my ex-wife every evening. She is the mother of my daughters,” he says. Forgiveness is of utmost importance to him. “I can’t hold it against those who beat me up and spat on me in prison. I can’t hold it against them,” he adds. Since then he has been telling his story.Bill Pelke has another story to tell. He has already told it more than 6,000 times, and it still triggers the same emotions in him.His grandmother was murdered at her home by four teenage girls who robbed her of 10 dollars. Paula Cooper, the gang’s leader, was 15 at the time. Her father abused her. She was sentenced to death.Yet Bill gradually began to think that taking another life would not erase what had happened. An Italian journalist helped him change his mind completely. He travelled to Italy and came back convinced that the death penalty was no solution. Bill Pelke campaigned against the execution of Paula Cooper. He received a lot of support. His organization, Journey of Hope… from Violence to Healing, finally won the argument. “In 2014, when Paula Cooper is released, we will give conferences together,” he laughed. Bill thinks forgiveness acts as a medicine.These two victims who faced the death penalty directly agree on one key point when trying to win over people to the abolitionist cause: “Revenge or violence is never the answer. The answer is love and compassion for the human kind as a whole.”Watch the story of Terri Been, whose brother is on death row:Worshop on wednesday february 24Elaborating arguments to convince public opinion. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Murder Victims' Families [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2672] => Array ( [objectID] => 4810 [title] => Spot opportunities and focus on education, abolitionists are told [timestamp] => 1266969600 [date] => 24/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/spot-opportunities-and-focus-on-education-abolitionists-are-told/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The workshop on “Defining strategies for abolition” was an opportunity for abolitionists to share views and experience on what works – and what does not – when pushing for the repeal of the death penalty. [texte] => Lin Hsinyi, the executive director of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP), described how her group was formed in 2003 to seize an opportunity offered by Taiwan’s authorities. “In April 2000, President Chen Shui-bian announced that Taiwan was going to take action on the abolition of the death penalty. In May 2001, Justice Minister Chen Ding-nan further announced that Taiwan would end capital punishment within three years,” she recalled.Within months, NGOs, activists, lawyers, professors, students and journalists had joined forces to hold the politicians to their word and their struggle continues to this day. They formed links with international networks of activists and foreign governments.An activist from Ghana summed up Lin’s point as “identifying opportunities”. “For example, now we are having a constitutional review in Ghana. This is an opportunity,” he said.TAEDP’s strategy for the near future is to focus on promoting alternatives to the death penalty, reducing the number of death penalty provisions and exploring the abolition of capital punishment through constitutional interpretation.The right person to deliver the messagePiers Bannister of Amnesty International warned the participants against the common flaws to abolitionist strategies, mentioning the need for realistic budgeting and insisting on the importance of finding the right person to deliver the message. Referring to his work in Jamaica, he said: “As a white, middle-class person from the former colonial power, maybe I wasn’t the best person to bring the message.” When he brought in African-American activists and South African archbishop Desmond Tutu for a radio interview, his campaign gathered steam.Toshi Kamaza, a photographer working on death penalty issues and a victim of attempted murder himself, insisted that image could play a big part in showing people the ugly face of the death penalty and winning them over to the abolitionist side. “Even when support the death penalty, they’ll think twice,” he said.“You need a strategy on education”The discussion with the audience turned to the importance of education in abolitionist strategies. Philip Iya, a law professor from South Africa wrapped in a woolen coat and scarf against the Swiss cold, said: “People are very ignorant of international instruments, even national instruments. You need a strategy on education.”Lin agreed and said that education should not only target the general public, but also decision-makers such as members of parliament. Bannister cited a prominent lawmaker in the US state of Illinois, who did not know the death penalty was abolished in Europe. “She thought the rest of the world was merrily executing away,” he said. “Then she realized she was in a minority.” “It’s always satisfying to convince one football stadium full of people, but it’s better to convince a single powerful politician,” he concluded.Worshop on wednesday february 24Defining strategies for abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ghana [1] => South Africa [2] => Switzerland [3] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2673] => Array ( [objectID] => 4811 [title] => Abolitionist co-operation at all levels kick-started in Geneva [timestamp] => 1266969600 [date] => 24/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolitionist-co-operation-at-all-levels-kick-started-in-geneva/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The first plenary session of the World Congress Against the Death Penalty focused on “increasing cooperation between States, NGOs and international organizations and developing common strategies for a death penalty-free world”. [texte] => This credo was developed by Ruth Dreifuss, former member of the Swiss Federal Council, during the introduction of the first plenary assembly. Addressing a full room, she insisted on the main goal, that of outlawing the death penalty as a fundamental violation of human rights. She stated that the fight for a moratorium on the use of capital punishment is just a step; the date of 2015 is set for the abolition and global suppression of death penalty. An advance presentation of a United Nations report emphasised the positive trend in the number of abolitionist country in law and in practice. This evolution shows that once a country starts thinking about abolition, change happens quickly. Despite these encouraging results, however, two regions show worrying trends: Asia and the Middle-East. Civil society is more and more active, yet isolated and threatened there, e.g. in Iran or China. That is the reason why states, the UN, International Governmental Organizations and NGOs must work together to convince retentionist countries.Populist threatCommon strategies should include sensitization targeting retentionist countries, but also abolitionist ones to accompany those that still use the death penalty towards a moratorium and abolition. Regional human rights commissions (African and InterAmerican), the European Union, the Council of Europe and the United Nations agree on the main obstacle to abolition: the populist threat. Ways to unite, coordinate efforts and strategies to act against death penalty will be described and debated during the Congress. Encouraging civil society (for example in China), involving different actors (e.g. supporting companies not to invest in retentionist countries), working for more transparency and working on cultural processes are among the issues to be explored.After the plenary meeting, Danthong Breen of the Union for Liberty, a Thailand-based human rights organisation, explained why the death penalty is a form of torture at the 2010 World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Geneva. Watch his interview below [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [2] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2674] => Array ( [objectID] => 4812 [title] => The Last Day of a Condemned Man/Autopsy of fear [timestamp] => 1266969600 [date] => 24/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-last-day-of-a-condemned-man-autopsy-of-fear/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Geneva’s Théâtre de la Comédie was filled to the seams Wednesday evening for the première of an adaptation of Victor Hugo’s novel that plunges theatre goers into the mind of a man destined for the guillotine. [texte] => Minimalist décor, the markings of a cell, a narrow three-barred window and a man, terrorized by his scheduled death… Victor Hugo’s writing does not reveal the crime committed by this man; rather he describes human vulnerability during the countdown period that precedes the execution: the suffering endured by waiting, the impossible indifference of time slipping past, the last days, the last hours, the last minutes…The future is stubbornly unreachable, despite the dreams of pardon, and then of escape. The last words of other executed men are displayed in blood letters on the surfaces of the cell. The sound of the crowd outside, eager for chopped heads, constantly reminds this man of the fatal end planned to his short life. The anguish, the guilt, the shouts of rebellion are frozen during the last visit of his child. Then all is transformed.A performance for Geneva 2010 delegatesDavid Lesné, actor and founder of the Ici Théâtre company, convincingly brings to life this character and his torment. Having broken away from comedic roles, he wished to take on a strong, profound, meaningful text, filled with humanity. In 2009, he contacted ECPM to propose the theatrical adaptation of The Last Day of a Condemned Man by Victor Hugo for the delegates of the 4th World Congress. Under the direction of François Bourcier the artist significantly edited the text to retain only the painful, morbid, and yet living, fragments of thought. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2675] => Array ( [objectID] => 4813 [title] => International pressure on Iraq to stop executions [timestamp] => 1266451200 [date] => 18/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/international-pressure-on-iraq-to-stop-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Several UN member states taking part in Iraq’s UN human rights review have asked Bagdad to restore a moratorium on the use of the death penalty and to move towards abolition. [texte] => The increasing use of the death penalty was among the key issues raised at the Universal Periodic Review on human rights in Iraq at the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva on February 16.The UK, France and Italy, all supporters of the current Iraqi administration, were critical of the 122 executions carried out in Iraq in the past five years.France said that at least 79 people were hanged there in 2009 alone. “We remain concerned that Iraq maintains the death penalty and the number of executions has increased in the last 2 years,” British ambassador Peter Gooderham added.The first recommendation the Human Rights Council made to Iraq at the end of the meeting was to “re-establish a moratorium on the death penalty with the view to abolishing it”.However, Iraqi minister for human rights Wijdan Salim (pictured in London in 2007) replied that his country was not ready to abandon the death penalty “because of the severity and intensity of terrorist crimes”, arguing that capital punishment was a “deterrent” against terrorism. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France [1] => Iraq [2] => Iraq [3] => Italy [4] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2676] => Array ( [objectID] => 4814 [title] => Kirghizstan definitively outlaws death penalty [timestamp] => 1266451200 [date] => 18/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/kirghizstan-definitively-outlaws-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Kirghiz parliament has ratified the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty as demanded by the World Coalition and its partner States, months after several leaders called for its reinstatement. [texte] => The parliament of Kirghizistan ratified the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty on February 11, making the re-establishment of the death penalty illegal.The French ministry of foreign affairs made the decision public and said in a communiqué: "France welcomes the ratification by the Kirghizstan Parliament of the bill relating to the adoption by Kirghizstan of the second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which aims to abolish the death penalty."World Coalition member organisation Penal Reform International confirmed the news. The president must now sign the ratification into law and have it deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations before Kirghizstan becomes the 73rd State party to the Protocol. The World Coalition expect this to happen in the coming weeks.Kirghizstan was one of the target countries in the World Coalition's campaign in favour of the ratification of the treaty, through which State parties pledge that they will never re-establish the death penalty. France is one of the "Friend of the Protocol" States that support this campaign.Kirghizstan's ratification comes months after a debate started there on the reinstatement of capital punishment, which was abolished in 2007. In 2009, President Kurmanbek Bakiyev commissioned a report on the death penalty from the National Security Council. Several members of the council had supported its re-establishment. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kyrgyzstan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2677] => Array ( [objectID] => 4815 [title] => Benin on track to achieve abolition [timestamp] => 1265500800 [date] => 07/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/benin-on-track-to-achieve-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Benin’s President Thomas Yayi Boni, one of the World Congress’s guests, has asked the parliament to enshrine the abolition of the death penalty in the constitution. Justice Minister Victor Tokpanou details Benin’s path to abolition. [texte] => What are Benin’s plans regarding the abolition of the death penalty for the coming months?Victor Tokpanou: The president found this issue to be important in the promotion of human rights and human dignity. A bill was sent to the National Assembly three months ago for discussion and finally adoption. The executive has theoretically done its part for this revision of the constitution, compiling preliminary studies, writing the bill and leaving it on the desk of the National Assembly. But the government is still lobbying members of parliament. The bill will be discussed at the first parliamentary session in April and we hope to see it passed during the first half of the year.Constitutional reform allows to copper fasten abolition in national law efficiently, but modifying the country’s fundamental law is difficult. Why was this method chosen?This solution has only advantages. In our judicial system, the constitution is the highest norm. Once something is enshrined in the constitution, it is very hard to go back on it. Constitutional revision involves the executive, lawmakers and the judiciary. It shows that everyone is committed. Simple laws are no longer reference pieces of legislation that nobody can touch. They no longer guarantee stability.Attempts to abolish the death penalty in Benin have failed in the past. Why do you think now is a good time to debate it again?There are two aspects: the evolution of society on the one hand, and political will on the other hand. We are in the same situation as France when it abolished the death penalty with President Mitterrand and Minister Badinter. Some people are resisting. But in fact, the death penalty does not exist anymore. It is still part of our legislation, but nobody has used it in 20 years. Some people think it is still useful, as a sword of Damocles. But the president and the government have opposed them with political will.Do you wish to adhere to the regional dynamic that has seen the death penalty recede in Sub-Saharan Africa and influence other African states in favour of abolition?It was not the case in the beginning. We wanted to solve an internal problem. Our period without use of the death penalty is older than abolition in some neighbouring countries. But it is true that some of our partners insisted on it. The participation of President Yayi Boni to a recent conference on the abolition of the death penalty in Madrid was part of his will to publicise his choice loud and clear. We are very proud to be part of this dynamic. As members of the group of countries that has abolished capital punishment, we can act as – maybe not a role model, but an advisor to others, using our experience. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Benin ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2678] => Array ( [objectID] => 4816 [title] => Geneva 2010: organising for stronger campaigning [timestamp] => 1265500800 [date] => 07/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/geneva-2010-organising-for-stronger-campaigning/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The programme of the World Congress Against the Death Penalty is intended to give abolitionists an opportunity to reflect on their joint actions, including campaigns coordinated by the World Coalition. [texte] => On February 24, 2010, representatives from international organisations (UN, Francophonie, European institutions) and those states most advanced in the fight against the death penalty – including Switzerland, Spain, Italy and Benin – will express their support for the abolitionist community as it gathers in Geneva.After that energising opening session, hard work awaits the participants: the scientific programme of the World Congress includes 22 round tables, plenary sessions and workshops over three days.Among those meetings intended to give opponents to the death penalty an opportunity to exchange and build strategies, three will be dedicated to the campaigns directly co-ordinated by the World Coalition.On Thursday, January 25 at 9:15am, the workshop on “Coalitions development” will lay emphasis on the grounds and means for abolitionists to organise at the national and regional levels. The strengthening of networks that reinforce activists’ capacities and reduce their isolation has been one of the World Coalition’s objectives since its foundation.At 11am, another workshop on “Abolitionists States' advocacy” will focus on the links to be established with those countries that are willing to promote abolition, as the World Coalition has been doing as part as its campaign for the ratification of the UN Protocol on the abolition of the death penalty.Finally, following the 2009 World Day Against the Death Penalty on “Teaching abolition”, another workshop will look at how to “share educational tools” on Friday, February 26 at 9.15am.Participants to the World Congress will also enjoy a rich cultural programme including three artistic evenings and several exhibitions. Those by photographer Lucinda Devlin and press cartoonists’ group Cartooning for Peace have already opened in Geneva.See the full programme of the World CongressRegister here (free admission after online registration only) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => France [2] => Italy [3] => Spain [4] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2679] => Array ( [objectID] => 4817 [title] => Activists and diplomats slam political executions in Iran [timestamp] => 1264982400 [date] => 01/02/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/activists-and-diplomats-slam-political-executions-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Islamic Republic finds itself more isolated than ever after it hanged to dissidents and threatened many more with execution. [texte] => The Iranian authorities have been the target of a constant flow of criticism after the January 28 execution of Arash Rahmanipour (right) and Reza Ali-Zamani (below), two of the 11 people officially sentenced to death for their participation in the opposition “Green Movement”.Western diplomats slammed the executions amid existing tensions on Iran’s nuclear programme and its repeated violations of human rights against the demonstrators who have been marching since the June 2009 controversial elections. Below are some of the most vocal reactions.• White House deputy press secretary Bill Burton says the executions represent a new low in Iran's crackdown on peaceful dissent and will further isolate Tehran.• “The European Union strongly condemns these two executions and expresses its profound concern at the death sentences imposed on persons tried in these mass trials,” said Catherine Ashton, the European Union’s high representative for foreign affairs.• British Foreign Secretary David Miliband said: “The trials and now these subsequent executions undermine Iran's claimed commitment to justice, human rights and democratic values.”“The justice system is used as an instrument of repression”World Coalition member organisations, too, strongly criticised the hangings of Ali-Zamani and Rahmanipour.• Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, spokesperson of Iran Human Rights, said on January 28: “We strongly condemn this morning’s executions and urge the world community to do the same. If the world community doesn’t react strongly now, many of those who have been arrested in connection with the demonstrations will soon be facing execution.”• “These executions highlight how the justice system is used as an instrument of repression by the authorities. They are sending a warning to those who may wish to exercise their right to peacefully demonstrate against the government, not to go out in the street,” said Hassiba Hadj Sahraoui, Amnesty International's Middle East and North Africa Deputy Director.• In a statement, the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and its Iranian member LDDHI wrote: “FIDH and LDDHI firmly condemn the execution of Reza Ali-Zamani and Arash Rahmanipour and express their deepest concern about the fate of the other nine activists condemned to death for similar charges.”Ali-Zamani and Rahmanipour were found guilty of several crimes including membership of a monarchist organisation and “enmity with God”. According to one of their lawyers, their confession was obtained under duress and their families were not informed of the date of the execution.Iran-based human rights campaigners reported that a demonstration took place outside Evin prison to protest against politically-motivated executions.Meanwhile, a fresh group trial involving a new wave of demonstrators was opened and could lead to further death sentences. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2680] => Array ( [objectID] => 4818 [title] => Mumia’s supporters fight back after legal setback and turn to Obama [timestamp] => 1264723200 [date] => 29/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mumias-supporters-fight-back-after-legal-setback-and-turn-to-obama/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => After the US Supreme Court restored Mumia Abu Jamal’s death sentence, the campaigners working to save his life have started an international petition addressing the president of the United States. [texte] => More than 14,000 have already signed the petition demanding that US President Barack Obama, “as a moral leader on the world stage call for a global moratorium on the death penalty in [Mumia Abu Jamal’s] and all capital cases”.From Nobel laureates including Günter Grass and Desmond Tutu to European political leaders and Hollywood actors, many high-profile personalities have joined thousands of grassroots activists in calling on Obama “to speak out against the death penalty for Mumia Abu-Jamal, and all the men, women and children facing execution around the world”.Although the president of the United States cannot intervene in the case of a state death row inmate, Mumia’s supporters believe that Obama should use his influence in a case that has become an icon of racial discrimination in the use of the death penalty.Supreme Court decides death sentence is validThe petition comes as the US Supreme Court ruled on January 19 that Mumia’s death sentence is valid. For 15 months, his defence team had been demonstrating that the jury that sentenced him to death was given inappropriate instructions. An appeal court agreed, but the Supreme Court decided otherwise.“Now we must go back to litigating the issue of the death penalty in the lower federal court. It previously ruled that the trial judge misled the jury and thus Mumia was entitled to a new jury trial on the issue of death or life. That is still the issue,” wrote his lead counsel, Robert Bryan.Sign the petitionClick here for more information about the case [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2681] => Array ( [objectID] => 4819 [title] => US abolitionists are training for the long run [timestamp] => 1264291200 [date] => 24/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/us-abolitionists-are-training-for-the-long-run/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Annual Conference of the US National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty gathered more than 400 abolitionists from around the country around the theme: Training for the long run." [texte] => Recognizing that in 2009, more states have tried to remove the death penalty in their legislation than ever before, that organizations that have never been so well financed, supported and staffed and finally that media coverage has never been more important, the conference sought to encourage this trend by developing new arguments and new partnerships, particularly with conservatives and law enforcement officers.The recent abolition laws in New Jersey and New Mexico were cited as examples and precursors of a long-term trend towards abolition in the country. At the gala dinner, Gail Chasey, member of New Mexico legislature and promoter of the bill to abolish the death penalty adopted in 2009, was awarded the Abolitionist of the year prize (watch extracts from her acceptance speech below).The World Coalition was represented by most of its US members and by the campaign officer. A workshop and a caucus were dedicated to the World Coalition during the two days of the conference. It was an important meeting as the United States takes a place of honour in 2010. It will be the main theme of the World Day, and a report will be published on that occasion. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2682] => Array ( [objectID] => 4820 [title] => Book: a victory on the road to abolition [timestamp] => 1263859200 [date] => 19/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/book-a-victory-on-the-road-to-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty has just published Staving off the Executioner, a book describing the Taiwanese abolitionist movement’s strategies, challenges and successes. [texte] => In December 2006, a Taiwanese death row inmate named Chong De-shu came within days, perhaps hours, of being executed. The dramatic series of events that saved his life marked the start of Taiwan’s unofficial moratorium on the death penalty. Today, Taiwan has not carried out any executions since late 2005.Staving off the Executioner: Taiwan’s Unofficial Moratorium tells the story — in both English and Chinese — of how Chong’s execution was stopped against all odds by Taiwanese lawyers and NGO workers who barely thought it was possible, but were not willing to give up. It is an inspiration for abolitionists everywhere who may feel they face insurmountable obstacles.Staving off the Executioner also introduces the debate in Taiwan on whether capital punishment violates the country’s Constitution, as well as past rulings by Taiwan’s Council of Grand Justices that have touched on the issue. It discusses the public opposition — and even threats — that local abolitionists have faced in fighting for Chong and other death row inmates and highlights flaws with the death penalty’s application in Taiwan, including the lack of legal representation for defendants in death penalty cases at their final trial, and concerns that the death penalty is being applied for more than the most serious crimes. The book argues that Chong does not deserve the death penalty, and calls for stronger safeguards for the rights of death row inmates and defendants in death penalty cases.This short book is published by the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, an alliance of lawyers and NGOs against capital punishment founded in 2003, and the Legal Aid Foundation, a nonprofit organization that provides legal counsel in civil and criminal cases to those who cannot afford it. Since 2006, the foundation has provided pro bono legal aid to all death row inmates regardless of their means.Taiwan’s anti-death penalty movement has cleared a first, significant hurdle: bringing executions to a halt. But the moratorium remains unofficial. While the Ministry of Justice supports the abolition of capital punishment, most judges and prosecutors do not, and the number of inmates on death row continues to grow. Although some progress has been made in terms of legislation — scrapping the use of mandatory death penalty in the Criminal Code, for example — there have been no proposals in the legislature to abolish capital punishment, nor is it likely today that such a proposal would pass.In light of this, anti-death penalty campaigners are pursuing strategies to educate the public and legislators, seek judicial remedies for death row inmates whose trials may have been flawed, challenge the constitutionality of capital punishment, and fortify the moratorium on executions.By publishing this book in English and Chinese, the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty and the Legal Aid Foundation hope to reach out not only to Taiwan’s public, but also to abolitionists around the world. Taiwan’s anti-death penalty movement has benefited from the help of the global campaign for abolition, and hopes with this book to offer some encouragement and strategies for others pursuing the same goal in their own countries.Title: Staving off the Executioner: Taiwan’s Unofficial MoratoriumISBN: 978-986-85305-1-5Publisher: Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, Legal Aid FoundationPublished: December 2009Available from TAEDP: taedp.tw@gmail.com [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2683] => Array ( [objectID] => 4821 [title] => Mongolian president calls for abolition [timestamp] => 1263772800 [date] => 18/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mongolian-president-calls-for-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In a vibrant speech before the parliament on January 14, President Elbegdorj Tsakhia of Mongolia developed all the arguments put forward by the abolitionist community. [texte] => “I ask Mongolia to put behind us this death penalty which degrades our dignity to death”, the country’s new president Elbegdorj Tsakhia told the parliament in Ulan-Baator on January 14.Elbegdorj’s abolitionist views are nothing new. As he reminded members of parliament, he was already arguing for the repeal of the death penalty as part of constitutional reform when he was sitting among them 19 years ago.This time, in his first speech on the issue since he took office in June 2009, Elbegdorj detailed eight reasons for abolishing capital punishment – citing most of the arguments regularly put forward by World Coalition member organisations.He insisted on the existence of more efficient alternatives to ensure punishment of criminals and highlighted that the death penalty leaves no room for reparation in cases of miscarriages of justice. “There are instances where the death penalty was imposed on an innocent individual instead of the actual offender,” he said.He added that the death penalty was used for political reasons and by foreign powers in Mongolia in the past, and that it should be scrapped to ensure such repression never happens again.“Mongolia is to revisit its capital punishment policy, although belatedly”Elbegdorj also stated that, “as a member of the global family”, Mongolia could not keep using a punishment that “degrades human dignity”. He referred to the global trend towards abolition, including at the United Nations, and said: “The State of Mongolia is to revisit its capital punishment policy, although belatedly as the overwhelming majority of the countries of the world have already chosen to abandon capital punishment. And we must join their path. The road democratic Mongolia has to take ought to be clean and bloodless.”Citing internal reports and studies by World Coalition members such as Amnesty International, the president added that the secretive administration of the death penalty in Mongolia amounted to a “blind and dark hole, just like hell”.He announced that he would establish a moratorium on execution by commuting all death sentences to prison terms through presidential pardon, and called on lawmakers to move forward towards abolition.However, with Elbegdorj’s political supporters holding a minority of seats in parliament, the task will not be easy.Several abolitionist states and the European Union have welcomed Elbegdorj’s speech.Read President Elbegdorj’s speech [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mongolia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2684] => Array ( [objectID] => 4822 [title] => Bad press for China after Briton’s execution [timestamp] => 1263081600 [date] => 10/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/bad-press-for-china-after-britons-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bitter criticism has been targeting China since the execution of British national Akmal Shaikh in the Chinese province of Xinjiang on December 29 after he was found guilty of transporting drugs. [texte] => The government of British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, who had personally telephoned his Chinese counterpart Wen Jiabao in December to plead for clemency towards Shaikh, reacted strongly to the execution.“We deeply regret that mental health concerns had no bearing on the final judgment despite requests by Mr Shaikh's defense lawyer and repeated calls by the Prime Minister, Ministers, members of the Opposition, as well as European Union,” the UK Foreign Office said in a statement.China reacted angrily to the British statement, saying the execution was carried out “in accordance with the law”.The UK-based NGO Reprieve, which had started a campaign to support Shaikh and revealed that he suffered from a mental condition called bipolar disorder, said Chinese authorities have refused requests for the accused to be examined by a psychiatrist.According to CNN.com, Dr Peter Schaapveld, a forensic psychologist, traveled to Urumqi earlier this year for Shaikh’s appeal hearing but was unable to meet him or attend the appeal. After reading Shaikh’s correspondence, he confirmed that the man was “probably suffering from bipolar disorder and may also have an additional delusional psychosis”.World Coalition member Amnesty International said Shaikh's execution “ highlight the injustice and inhumanity of the death penalty, particularly as it is implemented in China”.Sam Zarifi, Amnesty's Asia programme director, told The Guardian: “Under international human rights law, as well Chinese law, a defendant's mental health can and should be taken into account, and it doesn't seem that in this case the Chinese authorities did so.”“The UK, the EU and the rest of the world should continue to press the Chinese government to increase the transparency surrounding the death penalty in China and to improve the due process offered all defendants, particularly those facing charges punishable by death,” he added.A signal for the international communityUN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions Philip Alston also criticized the execution. “International law points very strongly in the direction of only carrying out the death penalty for crimes which have led to deaths,” he said in an interview with BBC Radio 4.“It is time for the international community to mount a much more concerted effort to put an end to these sorts of executions, and not only to react when one individual cases arises which is particularly troubling to us,” he added.In an interview with the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Germany’s Commissioner for Human Rights Günter Nooke said Shaikh's execution showed “what wobbly legs our dialogue about greater rule of law and human rights in China are standing on,” he said.In China itself, many internet users welcomed the execution in nationalistic comments referring to the British opium trade imposed on China in the 19th century. However, journalist Lu Jingxian wrote in the English-language government newspaper Global Times: “Justification of the death penalty is an open-ended question, but disrespect for life is embarrassing. Lack of open talk about the condemned in China may reflect a lack of veneration toward life.”Referring to the one-sided comments welcoming Shabikh’s execution, he added: “Anyone of us can be wronged by public opinion. Don't we want our voices to be heard? We should be more lenient when judging the lives of others if we want our own lives to be better.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2685] => Array ( [objectID] => 4823 [title] => US death sentences hit new low in 2009 [timestamp] => 1262822400 [date] => 07/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/us-death-sentences-hit-new-low-in-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As legal efforts and economic woes weighed in against the death penalty, fewer Americans were sent to death row in 2009 than any other year since the restoration of capital punishment in the US in 1976. [texte] => According to the Death Penalty Information Center’s (DPIC) annual report, US courts sentenced 106 people to death in 2009, “the seventh straight year of decline”. There were 111 death sentenced in 2008 and 284 a decade ago, in 1999.Some 52 people were executed in the US last year. This is more than in 2008, as the Supreme Court review of lethal injection procedures suspended executions for most of that year. But the number of execution was nearly halved in ten years.“The principal story of 2009 was the impact of the deep economic crisis facing the country. As states were forced to cut essential services, many leaders concluded the death penalty was a wasteful government program that should be considered for repeal,” DPIC’s report noted.New Mexico abolished the death penalty last year, and legislatures in ten other states considered similar moves, often citing cost as an issue. Some prosecutors also decided not to pursue death sentences because of the enormous associated costs.Meanwhile, nine death row inmates were proven innocent and exonerated in the US in 2009, the second highest number since 1973.Texas exemplifies national trendThe trend is most evident in Texas, where nearly half of all US executions take place. Nine people received death sentences there in 2009, again the lowest number since 1976. In its annual report, the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (TCADP) concluded: “Concerns about innocence, arbitrariness, cost, and fairness generated unprecedented scrutiny of the administration of justice in the nation’s most active death penalty state.”TCADP also noted the growing use of life sentences without the possibility of parole as an alternative to the death penalty. “Prosecutors and juries increasingly accept the alternative punishment of life in prison without the possibility of parole as a reliable way to punish the guilty, protect society, and guard against convicting and executing innocent people,” the organisation wrote.Two death row inmates were exonerated, and six others saw their sentence commuted, often for mental health reasons. Meanwhile, repeated independent investigations showed that Cameron Todd Willingham, a man executed in Texas in 2004, was in fact innocent.Cost also emerged as an issue as TCADP remarks that Gray County spent 10% of its budget on the prosecution and sentencing to death of Levi King, who was found guilty of murders committed in the area.Those developments occurred against the backdrop of legislative efforts to make the administration of the death penalty stricter in Texas. TCADP notes that several such pieces of legislation were passed in 2009, including one establishing a Capital Writs Office that will employ specialised attorneys and investigators to help indigent death row inmates in state habeas cases.Administration of death penalty questionedIn other states, too, the administration of the death penalty raised questions. Most of the debates focused on lethal injection protocols. Ohio was faced with a botched execution and switched to a controversial one-drug protocol, until then used only for animals.“Executions are on hold in California, Maryland, Kentucky, and in the federal system because of challenges to the 3-drug protocol and the lack of public review before its adoption. North Carolina's law remains unsettled. After abandoning electrocution as its method of execution, Nebraska adopted lethal injection, but the final protocols have not yet been approved,” DPIC noted.In addition, the American Law Institute, the network of lawyers and academics whose influential recommendations help shape US law, removed the section referring to the administration of the death penalty from its Model Penal Code. “The Institute withdraws Section 210.6 of the Model Penal Code in light of the current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment,” its governing body stated in October 2009.Download the DPIC reportDownload the TCADP reportDownload the ALI report [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2686] => Array ( [objectID] => 4824 [title] => Fear of mass executions in Iraq [timestamp] => 1262563200 [date] => 04/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/fear-of-mass-executions-in-iraq/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Information obtained by the World Coalition suggests that the Iraqi authorities have been planning the mass execution of nearly 1,000 people. In a column offered to international newspapers, the World Coalition denounces that barbaric plan. [texte] => The Iraqi government of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki (photo) is considering emptying death row in the country around the turn of the year, according to several reliable sources. Nine hundred twenty-five prisoners sentenced to death would be waiting for their fate, among them at least 17 (some reports say 126) women. It is not known whether any will receive commutations of sentence.The death penalty was widely applied during the rule of Saddam Hussein to control political opposition and terrorize the Iraqi people. Its use was suspended by the Coalition Provisional Authority in 2003 and there was no reference to the death penalty in the provisional constitution.However, beginning on August 8, 2004, the Interim Iraqi Government, headed by Iyad Allawi, reinstated the death penalty. Since then, no fewer than 1,000 executions have been reported, including that of Saddam Hussein in 2006.In 2009 the number of executions reached 122 and the government is planning on considerably increasing that pace and executing approximately a thousand death row inmates. This project was postponed after the festivities of Eid el Kebir, but should be implemented very soon, including before the upcoming Iraqi elections scheduled for next March.Iraq would be second on the shameful death penalty listThis program of executions is being implemented in the utmost secrecy to avoid attracting world attention. If completed, Iraq would be second on the shameful list of countries which execute prisoners en masse, behind China but far ahead of Iran or the United States. The political fragility of Iraq is not an excuse for breaching human rights, let alone programming secret mass executions in prisons.Today, 139 countries have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice. Of the world’s 58 retentionist countries, Iraq is one of 25 that are running executions on a large scale. Like the vast majority of countries in the Middle East, Iraq voted in 2007 and 2008 against the UN resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty and signed the note of dissociation initiated by Singapore in 2008 and 2009.The death penalty is a barbaric and inhumane act of revenge that serves only to provide those in power with a means to terrify an already frightened population.We, the members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, urge the Iraqi government to abandon this horrific project and to commute all death sentences, institute an immediate moratorium on death sentences and executions and begin a process leading to full abolition;We urge the international community to do everything possible to prevent this programmed massacre.We urge the U.S. government to put pressure on the Iraqi government.We ask members of the military coalition still in Iraq, many of which are openly against the death penalty, to put pressure on the Iraqi government to prevent this massacre.We also urge Lady Catherine Ashton, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs, to put pressure on the Iraqi government to stop this catastrophe.And, we call upon the people of the world, who should be properly informed about what is being planned in Iraqi prisons, to rally with us against this state violence which is in complete contradiction to the principles of justice.The World Congress against the Death Penalty held in Geneva from February 24 to 26, 2010, will be the next opportunity to bring Iraqi abolitionists together, the Middle East and North Africa region and the rest of the world to reinforce this message. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iraq [1] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2687] => Array ( [objectID] => 5845 [title] => Individual Statement of Commissioner Renny Cushing [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/individual-statement-of-commissioner-renny-cushing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Individual Statement of Commissioner Renny Cushing [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/new-hampshire-death-penalty-study-commission ) [2688] => Array ( [objectID] => 6017 [title] => Arguing for the Death Penalty: Making the Retentionist Case in Britain, 1945-1979 [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/arguing-for-the-death-penalty-making-the-retentionist-case-in-britain-1945-1979/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There is a small body of historiography that analyses the abolition of capital punishment in Britain. There has been no detailed study of those who opposed abolition and no history of the entire post-war abolition process from the Criminal Justice Act 1948 to permanent abolition in 1969. This thesis aims to fill this gap by establishing the role and impact of the retentionists during the abolition process between the years 1945 and 1979. This thesis is structured around the main relevant Acts, Bills, amendments and reports and looks briefly into the retentionist campaign after abolition became permanent in December 1969. The only historians to have written in any detail on abolition are Victor Bailey and Mark Jarvis, who have published on the years 1945 to 1951 and 1957 to 1964 respectively. The subject was discussed in some detail in the early 1960s by the American political scientists James Christoph and Elizabeth Tuttle. Through its discussion of capital punishment this thesis develops the themes of civilisation and the permissive society, which were important to the abolition discourse. Abolition was a process that was controlled by the House of Commons. The general public had a negligible impact on the decisions made by MPs during the debates on the subject. For this reason this thesis priorities Parliamentary politics over popular action. This marks a break from the methodology of the new political histories that study ‘low’ and ‘high’ politics in the same depth. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1155/ ) [2689] => Array ( [objectID] => 6478 [title] => Death Row U.S.A. Fall 2010 [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-row-u-s-a-fall-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A quarterly report by the Criminal Justice Project of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, on the situation of the death penalty in the USA [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://naacpldf.org/files/publications/DRUSA_Fall_2010.pdf ) [2690] => Array ( [objectID] => 6485 [title] => Ultimate Sanction: Understanding the Death Penalty Through Its Many Voices and Many Sides [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ultimate-sanction-understanding-the-death-penalty-through-its-many-voices-and-many-sides/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The book looks at the death penalty through interviews with people affected by the system in different ways. He uses interviews to explore issues of deterrence, retribution, and fairness, while taking a unique look at how the death penalty affects those who participate in the system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.fr/Ultimate-Sanction-Understanding-Penalty-Through/dp/1607140586/ref=sr_1_1?s=english-books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323424964&sr=1-1 ) [2691] => Array ( [objectID] => 6543 [title] => Executions per Death Sentence [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executions-per-death-sentence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Executions per Death Sentence, with cumulative death sentences (1977 through 2010), cumulative executions (1977 through 2010) and executions per death sentence, per State. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions-death-sentence ) [2692] => Array ( [objectID] => 6591 [title] => The European Parliament 2004-2009 and European Civil Society: A Guide for Partnership [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-european-parliament-2004-2009-and-european-civil-society-a-guide-for-partnership/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The handbook is intended to introduce you to the rights and value based NGO sectors in the EU and helps you to navigate your way around Civil Society. Part I gives a general overview of the context of dialogue between the EU institutions and NGOs – as it has been established over the last 20 years – and how NGOs would like civil dialogue to develop in the context of the new Constitution. In Part II you will find an overview of the policy areas that each of the 6 sectors will work on during the EP period 2004-2009. This is intended to help you identify the areas of expertise European NGOs can offer for your specific work in the EP. The values and objectives of the EU Civil Society Contact Group from Part III and the annex contain a comprehensive contact list for European NGOs within the 6 sectors. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://library.deeep.org/record/1036/files/DEEEP-GUIDE-2015-015.pdf ) [2693] => Array ( [objectID] => 6609 [title] => Media Monitoring, Information Scanning and Intelligence [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/media-monitoring-information-scanning-and-intelligence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This manual offers advice on information gathering by using search engines, Web alerts, newsletters, RSS feeds, and text mining. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.huridocs.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Media-monitoring-for-Human-rights-NGOs.pdf ) [2694] => Array ( [objectID] => 6638 [title] => Resource Guide for Managing Capital Cases Volume II: Habeas Corpus Review of State Capital Convictions [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resource-guide-for-managing-capital-cases-volume-ii-habeas-corpus-review-of-state-capital-convictions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This guide was created to assist judges and court staff in managing capital habeas corpus cases by providing a summary of relevant law and case-management procedures. Section II, “Management of Individual Capital Habeas Cases,” summarizes the substantive law of federal habeas corpus that has an impact on case management and procedure (such as jurisdiction to appoint counsel, statutes of limitations, and evidentiary hearings) and describes various techniques judges have used to manage individual cases. Section III, “District-Wide and Circuit-Wide Approaches to Capital Habeas Corpus Case Management,” describes several practices used in the federal courts to monitor and streamline capital case management at a district- or circuit-wide level. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.fjc.gov/public/pdf.nsf/lookup/Hab10-00.pdf/$file/Hab10-00.pdf ) [2695] => Array ( [objectID] => 6645 [title] => Making up for Lost Time : What the Wrongfully Convicted endure and how to Provide Fair Compensation [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/making-up-for-lost-time-what-the-wrongfully-convicted-endure-and-how-to-provide-fair-compensation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => It’s an accepted principle of fairness in our society to compensate citizens who, through no fault of their own, have suffered losses. When a person’s land has been seized for public use, they receive adequate repayment. Crime victims and their families receive financial compensation in all 50 states. Yet, strangely, the wrongfully imprisoned, who lose property, jobs, freedom, reputation, family, friends and more do not receive compensation in 23 states of the nation. These recommendations for state compensation laws have been developed by the Innocence Project after years of working with exonerees and their families, legislators, social workers and psychologists. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.innocenceproject.org/docs/Innocence_Project_Compensation_Report.pdf ) [2696] => Array ( [objectID] => 6646 [title] => Death to the Death Penalty/ La peine de mort est condamnée à disparaître/Muerte a la Pena de Muerte. [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-to-the-death-penalty-la-peine-de-mort-est-condamnee-a-disparaitre-muerte-a-la-pena-de-muerte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This video is part of the campaign run by Amnesty International titled "Death to the Death Penalty", in the video wax figures ressembling forms of execution melt away leaving only the Amnesty International candle burning/Ce video, réalisé par Amnesty International pour la campagne intitulé "La peine de mort est condamnée à disparaître"/Muerte a la Pena de Muerte. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XlXthucUGuQ ) [2697] => Array ( [objectID] => 6650 [title] => The Dark Room [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-dark-room/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The dark room was a photography exhibition planned as part of a project lunched by Amnesty International Italy under the title “I am against the death penalty because…”. The exhibition was held in Rome at Palazzo delle Exposizioni, Sala della Fontana, from 8th to 20th June 2010. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.ied.edu/rome/blog/the-dark-room/2625 ) [2698] => Array ( [objectID] => 6670 [title] => The Codemned: Bali 9 [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-codemned-bali-9/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Two of the Bali Nine have been speaking publicly for the first time... just days ahead of final hearings on whether their death sentences for drug trafficking will be carried out.Dateline reporter Mark Davis gained exclusive access to Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan in the 'death tower' at Indonesia's Kerobokan Prison.They talk openly about their lives then and now, what they think of their crimes, and the prospect of facing death by firing squad.Mark also hears first-hand of the heartache for their families back in Australia, as they wait to hear if their pleas for clemency will be granted. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.sbs.com.au/dateline/story/watch/id/600882/n/The-Condemned ) [2699] => Array ( [objectID] => 6683 [title] => Pakistani Christian Woman Sentenced to Death [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pakistani-christian-woman-sentenced-to-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 8 November, the 45-year-old mother of five children was found guilty of blasphemy and sentenced to death under Section 295B and 295C of Pakistan’s Penal Code, for insulting the Prophet Muhammad, by a court in Nankana, around 75km (45 miles) west of the city of Lahore in Punjab province. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://britishpakistanichristian.blogspot.com/2010/11/amnesty-international-join-fray-save.html ) [2700] => Array ( [objectID] => 6685 [title] => Fact Finding Report of LFHRI of the Sentencing of 17 Indians to Death by the Shariat Court of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fact-finding-report-of-lfhri-of-the-sentencing-of-17-indians-to-death-by-the-shariat-court-of-sharjah-united-arab-emirates/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Lawyers For Human Rights International an Organisation of Lawyers having its base in Punjab, India, being part of an International movement against Death Penalty, decided to visit Sharjah jail in UAE to meet the 17 prisoners who have been sentenced to Death for killing a Pakistani youth. Two member team comprising of Navkiran Singh a Human Rights Lawyer & Activist from Panjab, practicing in the High Court at Chandigarh and who is the General Secretary of LFHRI along with another Lawyer Gagan Aggarwal, visited Dubai and Sharjah on 13th and 14th of April 2010 and met the Lawyers who have been hired to defend these 17 Indians by the Indian Consulate of UAE and also visited Sharjah jail and met all the prisoners. This report presents their findings. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.pravasitoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/READ-FIRST-FACT-FINDING-REPORT-OF-LFHRI-ON-THE-SENTENCING-OF-17-INDIANS-TO-DEATH-BY-THE-SHARIAT-COURT-OF-SHARJAH.pdf ) [2701] => Array ( [objectID] => 6686 [title] => 17 Indians Tortured, Sentenced to Death [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/17-indians-tortured-sentenced-to-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Seventeen Indian migrant workers have been sentenced to death in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), after an unfair trial, for the murder of a Pakistani national.Some of the 17 are said to have been tortured to make them "confess." They may be at risk of further torture. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.ie/our-work/urgent-action-17-indians-tortured-sentenced-death ) [2702] => Array ( [objectID] => 6688 [title] => Zhao Zuohai: Beaten, Framed and Jailed for a Murder that Never Happened [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/zhao-zuohai-beaten-framed-and-jailed-for-a-murder-that-never-happened/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The first act took place in 1999, when the dirt-poor farmer from Henan province had a violent argument with a fellow peasant, Zhao Zhenshang. His opponent, no relation despite a shared surname, disappeared into thin air. Later a headless, decomposed corpse was found in a well, and produced as evidence of Zhao Zuohai's murderous deed. He was tortured, forced to confess and received the inevitable death sentence, before eventually winning a reprieve from the firing squad and having his sentence commuted to a 29-year jail term. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/zhao-zuohai-beaten-framed-and-jailed-for-a-murder-that-never-happened-1973042.html ) [2703] => Array ( [objectID] => 6690 [title] => Fundraising from Institutions [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fundraising-from-institutions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Donor funds are under intense pressure and receive applications from many more civil society organisations than they are able to fund. When you have identified your project and are ready to look for funding, you will want to present it to the most appropriate donor in the most effective way. This guide gives you the essential information about institutional donors who operate a two stage application process. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.dochas.ie/Shared/Files/4/BOND_EU_guide.pdf ) [2704] => Array ( [objectID] => 6691 [title] => Fundraising from Trusts, Foundations and Companies [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fundraising-from-trusts-foundations-and-companies/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Each trust has a legally binding trust deed that defines the beneficiaries, objectives and geographical area for its charitable activities. The more narrowly defined trusts may only support a certain age group, cause or locality. Those trusts with a wide remit will often be legally defined with objectives that are for “General Charitable Purposes” with “Worldwide Beneficiaries”. Many trusts will also change their policies to focus on topical or specific geographical priorities. It’s important to know where the heart of decision making lies and it can be very different across a number of trusts, and change according to the different stages of their ‘lifecycle’. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.dochas.ie/Shared/Files/4/BOND_trusts-foundations_guide.pdf ) [2705] => Array ( [objectID] => 6698 [title] => 2010 World Day Report on the USA [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2010-world-day-report-on-the-usa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => It presents all the actions that were taken for the 2010 World Day on the USA. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-RapportJM2010-1.pdf ) [2706] => Array ( [objectID] => 6702 [title] => Advocacy and Campaigning [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/advocacy-and-campaigning/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This guide describes the functions of advocacy and campaigning and provides instructions on how to approach and who participates in advocacy and campaigning. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.dochas.ie/Shared/Files/4/BOND_Advocacy_Guide.pdf ) [2707] => Array ( [objectID] => 6703 [title] => Monitoring and Evaluation [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/monitoring-and-evaluation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Monitoring is the routine tracking of the key elements of programme/project performance, usually inputs and outputs and some of the outcomes, through record-keeping, regular reporting and surveillance systems as well as observation and studiesyour. Evaluation attempts to link a particular output or outcome directly to an intervention after a period of time has passed. An evaluation is usually carried out at some significant stage in the project’s development, e.g. at the end of a planning period, as the project moves to a new phase, or in response to a particular critical issue. This guide explains how to conduct monitoring and evaluation of your projects. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.dochas.ie/Shared/Files/4/BOND_M&E_Guide.pdf ) [2708] => Array ( [objectID] => 6704 [title] => The Logical Framework Approach [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-logical-framework-approach/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The logframe is a tool for concisely describing the results of an LFA project design process, as it summarises in a standard format: What the project is going to achieve, what activities will be carried out, what means/resources/inputs (human, technical, infrastructural, etc.) are required, what potential problems could affect the success of the project, how the progress and ultimate success of the project will be measured and verified. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.dochas.ie/shared/files/4/bond_logframe_guide.pdf ) [2709] => Array ( [objectID] => 6707 [title] => Fault Lines: Politics of Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fault-lines-politics-of-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => FaultLines explores the death penalty in the United States. Interviews with murder victim families, politicans and the exonerated are included. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvTpZiB1sfc&feature=player_embedded ) [2710] => Array ( [objectID] => 6712 [title] => Videos of the 4th World Congress [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/videos-of-the-4th-world-congress/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This video was filmed at the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Geneva in February 2010. Speaker is Elizabeth Zitrin at the opening session. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://vimeo.com/10268375 ) [2711] => Array ( [objectID] => 6721 [title] => Execution Facility Tour of North Carolina Death Row [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/execution-facility-tour-of-north-carolina-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This video gives a tour of the death row facilities at North Carolina. It also explores the protocol for execution by lethal injection. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJFtAjzljGg ) [2712] => Array ( [objectID] => 6724 [title] => Cut This: The Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/cut-this-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An anti death penalty video which advocates the abolition of the death penalty. The personalities in the video suggest using the money which is currently used on the death penalty for improving the community. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zGBbK-k8xk&feature=player_embedded ) [2713] => Array ( [objectID] => 6742 [title] => Leaflet 10.10.10: The Death Penalty Casts a Shadow on Democracy [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-10-10-10-the-death-penalty-casts-a-shadow-on-democracy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Information leaflet about the 2010 World Day on the USA. This leaflet provides information on the death penalty in the USA, 10 arguments to end the death penalty and 10 things you can do to abolish the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/BrochureJM2010en-1.pdf ) [2714] => Array ( [objectID] => 6766 [title] => Death Penalty Cases: Leading U.S. Supreme Court Cases on Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-cases-leading-u-s-supreme-court-cases-on-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This brand new edition of Death Penalty Cases makes the most manageable comprehensive resource on the death penalty even better. It includes the most recent cases, including Kennedy v. Louisiana, prohibiting the death penalty for child rapists, and Baze v. Rees, upholding execution by lethal injection. In addition, all of the cases are now topically organized into five sections: * The Foundational Cases * Death-Eligibility: Which persons/crimes are fit for the death penalty? * The Death Penalty Trial * Post-conviction Review * Execution Issues The introductory essays on the history, administration, and controversies surrounding capital punishment have been thoroughly revised. The statistical appendix has been brought up-to-date, and the statutory appendix has been restructured. For clarity, accuracy, complete impartiality and comprehensiveness, there simply is no better resource on capital punishment available. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Death-Penalty-Cases-Third-Punishment/dp/0123820243/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1295261298&sr=1-1 ) [2715] => Array ( [objectID] => 6901 [title] => Innocence Unmodified [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/innocence-unmodified/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Article proceeds in three parts. Part I explains the pivotal role that “actual” innocence has played in the Innocence Movement. It shows that even though the Innocence Movement has begun to broaden its DNA-based focus to include non-DNA-based claims, its goal has remained constant: achieving justice for “actually” innocent people. Part I then shows how the Innocence Movement has prioritized the cases of “actually” innocent people who were convicted through trial over “actually” innocent people who pleaded guilty. The prioritization of wrongful convictions derived from trials over wrongful convictions from pleas underscores how the Innocence Movement has overlooked the claims of people who have pleaded guilty and are not “actually” innocent, but who may still have strong wrongful conviction claims based on fundamental constitutional violations. Part II examines innocence unmodified in the context of trials and postconviction appeals. It asserts that one reason to protect innocence unmodified is because under the Court‟s existing jurisprudence, “actual” innocence alone is not enough to reverse a wrongful conviction. This is because the Supreme Court has not yet decided whether the Constitution forbids the execution of an “actually” innocent person who was convicted through a “full and fair” trial. Because the Court has not recognized a freestanding “actual” innocence claim, the “actual” innocence of a wrongly convicted person only matters as a door through which to allow a court to reach underlying constitutional claims. Part II uses the example of a recent Supreme Court decision, In Re Troy Davis, to highlight how an isolated prioritization of “actual” innocence does not achieve justice for wrongly convicted people. Part III examines innocence unmodified in the context of pleas. It reveals the degree to which the Court has itself polarized innocence in the context of pleas—prioritizing “actual” innocence over fundamental constitutional protections for all people. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1726060## ) [2716] => Array ( [objectID] => 6907 [title] => THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-racial-geography-of-the-federal-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Scholars have devoted substantial attention to both the overrepresentation of black defendants on federal death row and the disproportionate number of federal defendants charged capitally for the murder of white victims. This attention has not explained (much less resolved) these disquieting racial disparities. Little research has addressed the unusual geography of the federal death penalty, in which a small number of jurisdictions are responsible for the vast majority of federal death sentences. By addressing the unique geography, we identify a possible explanation for the racial distortions in the federal death penalty: that federal death sentences are sought disproportionately where the expansion of the venire from the county to the district level has a dramatic demographic impact on the racial make-up of the jury. This inquiry demonstrates that the conversation concerning who should make up the jury of twelve neighbors and peers—a discussion begun well before the founding of our Constitution—continues to have relevance today. Louisiana, Missouri, Virginia and Maryland referred to. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/470/Racial%20Geography%20of%20the%20Federal%20Death%20Penalty.pdf?sequence=1 ) [2717] => Array ( [objectID] => 6980 [title] => The Waiver and Withdrawal of Death Penalty Appeals as “Extreme Communicative Acts” [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-waiver-and-withdrawal-of-death-penalty-appeals-as-extreme-communicative-acts/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper explores the power struggle between the State and the condemned over the timing and conditions under which an inmate is executed. It begins with a discussion of current public opinion about the death penalty and the ways in which the death penalty has been resisted. Next, it describes capital defendants who elect execution over life imprisonment and considers some of the reasons proffered for waiver and withdrawal. This paper then contemplates whether some instances of “volunteering” should be regarded as “extreme communicative acts” (Wee 2004, 2007)—nonlinguistic communicative acts that are usually associated with protest, especially in the context of a lengthy political struggle (such as hunger strikes, self-immolation, and the chopping off of one’s fingers). In so doing, this paper weighs in on the larger questions of who ultimately controls the body of the condemned and what governmental opposition to waiver and withdrawal may reveal about the motives and rationale for the death penalty. This paper also furthers research on how the prison industrial complex is resisted and how State power more generally is negotiated. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.researchgate.net/publication/242739751_The_Waiver_and_Withdrawal_of_Death_Penalty_Appeals_as_Extreme_Communicative_Acts ) [2718] => Array ( [objectID] => 6981 [title] => Failure to Apply the Flynn Correction in Death Penalty Litigation: Standard Practice of Today Maybe, but Certainly Malpractice of Tomorrow [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/failure-to-apply-the-flynn-correction-in-death-penalty-litigation-standard-practice-of-today-maybe-but-certainly-malpractice-of-tomorrow/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Flynn Effect is a well documented phenomenon demonstrating score increases on IQ measures over time that average about 0.3 points per year. Normative adjustments to scores derived from IQ measures normed more than a year or so prior to the time of testing an individual have become controversial in several settings but especially so in matters of death penalty litigation. Here we make the argument that if the Flynn Effect is real, then a Flynn Correction should be applied to obtained IQs in order to obtain the most accurate estimate of IQ possible. To fail to provide the most accurate estimate possible in matters that are truly life and death decisions seems wholly indefensible. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://jpa.sagepub.com/content/28/5/477.abstract ) [2719] => Array ( [objectID] => 6989 [title] => Support for the Death Penalty in Developed Democracies: A Binational Comparative Case Study [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/support-for-the-death-penalty-in-developed-democracies-a-binational-comparative-case-study/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To assess support for the death penalty in Mexico and South Korea, surveys were administered to students at institutions of higher education. The majority of respondents in Mexico (52.3%) and South Korea (60.8%) supported the death penalty. Given that the Mexican and South Korean governments have histories of using criminal justice agencies to suppress democratic reform, the high level of support for the death penalty indicates that a history of authoritarian governance may not inculcate widespread opposition to the punishment. Concomitantly, regression analyses of the data indicate that beliefs about the treatment afforded to criminal suspects do not significantly affect support for capital punishment. Contrary to research conducted in the United States, which has consistently shown support for capital punishment is lower among females than among males, regression analyses of the data show that gender has no impact on support for the death penalty; findings that call for a reexamination of the thesis that the gender gap in support for the death penalty in the United States is the result of a patriarchal social structure. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mexico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://icj.sagepub.com/content/20/4/398.full.pdf+html ) [2720] => Array ( [objectID] => 6999 [title] => ‘A “Most Serious Crime”? – The Death Penalty for Drug Offences and International Human Rights Law’ [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-most-serious-crime-the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-and-international-human-rights-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An in-depth analysis of the international law ramifications of applying the death penalty for drug offences. It reviews the the 'most serious crimes' threshold for the lawful application of capital punishment as established in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It then explores the question of whether drug offences meet this threshold by examining the issue through the lenses of international human rights law, the domestic legislation in retentionist states, international narcotics control law, international refugee law and international criminal law. The article concludes that drug offences do not constitute 'most serious crimes', and that executions of people for drug offences violates international human rights law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hr-dp.org/contents/117 ) [2721] => Array ( [objectID] => 7000 [title] => Death Penalty in the Palestinian Legal System: A Legal Review [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-the-palestinian-legal-system-a-legal-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ICHR carried out this review in order to assist the PNA in its attempts to join international community that did abolish death penalty from their legal system. In order for the PNA to ratify the various international conventions stipulating respect for the right to life and prohibits the execution of every human being. In this study, ICHR aims to define the practical steps that the PNA should take in order to abolish death penalty from the Palestinian legal system. According to Article (10) of the Basic Law of 2002, the human rights and fundamental freedoms shall be binding and respected by the PNA which shall, without delay, accede to the regional and international declarations and instruments that protect human rights, especially those international charters and resolutions that governing the right to life, the abolition of death penalty, and/or placing restrictions on the procedures of its execution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://www.ichr.ps/pdfs/Legal%20review%20of%20death%20penalty%20-%20English.pdf ) [2722] => Array ( [objectID] => 7004 [title] => Annual Report on Human Rights 2009 [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-on-human-rights-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => During 2009, we continued to strive for the global abolition of the death penalty. We made our opposition to it clear in our engagement with countries around the world, both bilaterally and in partnership with the EU. Bilaterally, we continue to fund work in the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Asia from our Human Rights Strategic Programme Fund. This includes working with key NGO partners, such as the Death Penalty Project and the Centre for Capital Punishment Studies at Westminster University in London. We also continued to raise the death penalty directly with governments, including China, Jamaica and the US. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Government body report ) [url_doc] => http://centralcontent.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/pdf/human-rights-reports/human-rights-report-2009 ) [2723] => Array ( [objectID] => 7058 [title] => Tanzania Human Rights Reports 2009: Incorporating Specific Part on Zanzibar [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tanzania-human-rights-reports-2009-incorporating-specific-part-on-zanzibar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The statistical information suggests that despite the executions that were done between 1961 and 1995, incidents of offences punishable by the death penalty were increasing and are still on the rise, from 46 convicts in 1961 to 2,562 in 2007. This report briefly describes the death penalty system in Tanzania. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.humanrights.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Tanzania-Human-Rights-Report-2009.pdf ) [2724] => Array ( [objectID] => 7060 [title] => Death Penalty in the Palestinian Legal System A Legal review [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-the-palestinian-legal-system-a-legal-review-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study analyzes the Palestinian legislations in light of the UN procedures and criteria on the issuance, imposition or execution of death sentences. The study is divided into two main parts, each of which is dedicated to either the international or national legislation on death penalty. This part is divided into two main chapters. Chapter One addresses the substantive provisions on death penalty and Chapter Two is concerned with the procedural provisions. This classification is inline with the international efforts for the abolition of death penalty, particularly because the UN, in its capacity as the representative of the international community, has not banned the capital punishment but opted for the introduction of a number of legal actions for the States to consider when they include such penalty in their legislations, or when such sentences are issued by the courts or actually executed. Thus, the procedural and the substantive provisions are addressed separately in this study, both at the international and national levels. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ichr.ps/pdfs/Legal%20review%20of%20death%20penalty%20-%20English.pdf ) [2725] => Array ( [objectID] => 7061 [title] => Position Paper: Death Penalty under the Palestinian National Authority [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/position-paper-death-penalty-under-the-palestinian-national-authority/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper describes the international law surrounding the trend towards abolition. It then discusses this in relation to the death penalty in Palestine which has come under criticism from Human Rights NGO's to provide prisoners with international standards regarding their detention and providing a fair trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://pchrgaza.org/files/2010/death-penalty%20-2010.pdf ) [2726] => Array ( [objectID] => 7064 [title] => Cameroun: NGO Report on the Implementation of the ICCPR [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/cameroun-ngo-report-on-the-implementation-of-the-iccpr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Cameroon, with a population of approximately 18 million, has a multiparty system of government, with the current ruling party Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (CPDM) in power since it was created in 1985. The president retains the power to control legislation or to rule by decree. Although the civilian authorities do generally maintain effective control of the security forces, security forces sometimes act independently of government authority. Authorities arbitrarily arrest and detain citizens for different reasons. Among those arbitrarily arrested and detained are human rights defenders and other activists and persons not carrying government-issued identity cards. There are incidents of prolonged and sometimes incommunicado pretrial detention and infringement on privacy rights. The government restricts freedom of speech, press, assembly, and association, and harasses journalists and human rights defenders. Other problems include widespread official corruption, societal violence, discrimination against women, the trafficking of children and girls, and discrimination against homosexuals. The government restricts worker rights and activities of independent labor organizations. The diverse cultural beliefs and ethnic groups promote to a large extend discrimination against and violations of women and young people, widows and the divorced. This report specifically highlights violations in 2008 and 2009, with a few violations in other years. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngos/GeED_Cameroon_HRC99.pdf ) [2727] => Array ( [objectID] => 7067 [title] => State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/state-sponsored-homophobia-a-world-survey-of-laws-prohibiting-same-sex-activity-between-consenting-adults/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The purpose of this annual report on State-sponsored Homophobia, as stated since its first edition in 2007, is to name and shame the states which in the 21st century deny the most fundamental human rights to LGBTI people, i.e. the right to life and freedom, in the hope that with every year more and more countries decide to abandon the 'community' of homophobic states.Compared to last year's report, where we listed the 77 countries prosecuting people on ground of their sexual orientation, this year you will find ―only‖ 76 in the same list, including the infamous 5 which put people to death for their sexual orientation: Iran, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen (plus some parts of Nigeria and Somalia). One country less compared to the 2009 list may seem little progress, until one realizes that it hosts one sixth of the human population. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.gaylawnet.com/ezine/crime/ilga_2010.pdf ) [2728] => Array ( [objectID] => 7070 [title] => Texas Death Penalty Developments in 2010: The Year in Review [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/texas-death-penalty-developments-in-2010-the-year-in-review/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Death sentences in Texas have dropped more than 70% since 2003, reaching a historic low in 2010. According to data compiled from news sources and the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, juries condemned eight new individuals to death in Texas in 2010. This is the lowest number of new death sentences since the U.S. Supreme Court upheld Texas’ revised death penalty statute in 1976. For preious annual reports on Texas please visit: http://tcadp.org/get-informed/reports/ [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://tcadp.org/TexasDeathPenaltyDevelopments2010.pdf ) [2729] => Array ( [objectID] => 7078 [title] => Illegal Racial Discrimination in Jury Selection: A Continuing Legacy [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/illegal-racial-discrimination-in-jury-selection-a-continuing-legacy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Today in America, there is perhaps no arena of public life or governmental administration where racial discrimination is more widespread, apparent, and seemingly tolerate than in the selection of juries. Nearly 135 years after Congress enacted the 1875 Civil Rights Act to eliminate racially discriminatory jury selection, the practice continues, especially in serious criminal and capital cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/IllegalRacialDiscriminationJurySelection.pdf ) [2730] => Array ( [objectID] => 7087 [title] => Annual Report of the Death Penalty in Iran in 2010 [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/annual-report-of-the-death-penalty-in-iran-in-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The annual report of the death penalty in 2010 shows a dramatic increase in the number of executions compared to the previous years. The number of annual executions in 2010 in Iran is probably the highest since the mass executions of political prisoners in the summer of 1988. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://www.iranhr.net/en/reports/8/ ) [2731] => Array ( [objectID] => 7090 [title] => World Report 2010 [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-report-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report is does not specificly concern the death penalty but examines the use of the death penalty on juveniles and those with mental illness in many retentionist countries. It contains information gathered in 2009. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2010 ) [2732] => Array ( [objectID] => 7100 [title] => The Death Penalty in 2010: Year End Reports [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-2010-year-end-reports/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty continued to be mired in conflict in 2010, as states grappled with an ongoing controversy over lethal injections, the high cost of capital punishment, and increasing public sentiment in favor of alternative sentences. Executions dropped by 12% compared with 2009, and by more than 50% since 1999. The number of new death sentences was about the same as in 2009, the lowest number in 34 years. ----- For other DPIC year end reports (from 1995 - 2009) please visit: http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/reports [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/2010YearEnd-Final.pdf ) [2733] => Array ( [objectID] => 7101 [title] => Fighting Against the Death Penalty in the Arab World [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fighting-against-the-death-penalty-in-the-arab-world/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report has three broad sections. the first sets out the state of play of this issue in the 22 countries concerned. As well as the latest political developments, it examines the various national, regional and international protagonists. Particular attention has been paid to seven countries: Algeria, Jordan, lebanon, Morocco and tunisia in view of their legal progress towards abolition; and Egypt and Yemen for the energy of their abolitionist players. The second section identifies and analyses the relevant arguments against use of the death penalty, including the religious argument. Finally, the last section discusses the outlook for the future and suggests action and recommendations to strengthen the abolitionist movement. the report’s main aim is to encourage regional and sub-regional currents. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WCADP-ArabWorldReport2010-en-1.pdf ) [2734] => Array ( [objectID] => 7103 [title] => Towards a Universal Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/towards-a-universal-moratorium-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report analyses the various ways in which moratoria is/can be used by a number of countries throughout the world. The countries are placed into one of three groups 1: One step away from Statutory Abolition? 2. Countries which are Abolitionist in Practice but Resist Making their Position Official; and, 3. Countries with an Ambiguous Stance. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/wcadp-moratoriumreport2010-en-1.pdf ) [2735] => Array ( [objectID] => 7121 [title] => Complicity or Abolition?: The Death Penalty and International Support for Drug Enforcement [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/complicity-or-abolition-the-death-penalty-and-international-support-for-drug-enforcement/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report exposes the links between the carrying out of executions and the financial contributions from European governments, the European Commission and the UNODC to support drug enforcement operations in countries that use the death penalty such as China, Iran and Viet Nam. The report notes that such operations continue to be funded without appropriate safeguards despite the fact that the abolition of the death penalty is a requirement of entry into the Council of Europe and the European Union and that the United Nations advocates strongly against capital punishment [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => www.ihra.net/files/2010/06/20/IHRA_ComplicityorAbolition.pdf ) [2736] => Array ( [objectID] => 7122 [title] => The Death Penalty for Drug Offences: Global Overview 2010 [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2010/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report is the first detailed country by country overview of the death penalty for drugs, monitoring both national legislation and state practice of enforcement. Of the states worldwide that retain the death penalty, 32 jurisdictions maintain laws that prescribe the death penalty for drug offences. The study also found that in some states, drug offenders make up a significant portion – if not the outright majority – of those sentenced to death and/or executed each year. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ihra.net/files/2010/06/16/IHRA_DeathPenaltyReport_Web.pdf ) [2737] => Array ( [objectID] => 7154 [title] => Death sentences and executions in 2009 [timestamp] => 1262304000 [date] => 01/01/2010 [annee] => 2010 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document summarizes Amnesty International's global research on the use of the death penalty in 2009. More than two-thirds of the countries of the world have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice. While 58 countries retained the death penalty in 2009, most did not use it. Eighteen countries were known to have carried out executions, killing a total of 714 people; however, this figure does not include the thousands of executions that were likely to have taken place in China, which again refused to divulge figures on its use of the death penalty. For an update to this document please see http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ACT50/005/2010/en [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2010/en/17348b70-3fc7-40b2-a258-af92778c73e5/act500012010en.pdf ) [2738] => Array ( [objectID] => 4825 [title] => Spain and world academics join forces against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1261440000 [date] => 22/12/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/spain-and-world-academics-join-forces-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Spanish President José Luis Zapatero attended the international abolitionist colloquium during which the Academic Network against the Death Penalty was launched. [texte] => Opening the International Colloquium for the Universal Abolition of the Death Penalty in Madrid on December 9, 2009, the president of the Spanish Government, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, said Spain would campaign to achieve a global moratorium on the death penalty by 2015.He also told the 40 experts in human rights and the death penalty in attendance that the 2010 Spanish presidency of the EU Council would propose the provision of judicial and diplomatic assistance to European citizens under threat of the death penalty in any part of the world.He announced that an International Commission against the Death Penalty will be created by the second semester of 2010. The Commission will comprise personalities from all over the world and demand “the universal, immediate and definitive proscription” of capital punishment against juvenile offenders, pregnant women and mentally ill people.Zapatero affirmed in his speech that human rights “are universal” and that the violation of these rights cannot be permitted “in any part of the world”.Benin “an example for Africa”Minister for Justice, Francisco Camaño; Ombudsman, Enrique Múgica; and Judge Baltasar Garzón were all present at the inauguration; as was Thomas Yayi Boni, the president of Benin, whose Government has just backed a constitutional reform in favour of the abolition of the death penalty.Yayi promised to support the Spanish president in his initiative for the universal abolition of capital punishment and expressed his “admiration for this goal”, which he described as “a great statement in favour of human dignity”.Zapatero referred to Benin as an “example for Africa”.Academic Network launchedThe conferences organised as part of the colloquium then attracted high-level academics and legal experts from all over the world.Sylvia Steiner of the International Criminal Court and Nigel Rodley of the United Nations Human Rights Committee analysed the abolition process in Europe’s history.Sergio García Ramírez of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights took an uncompromising stance: “In no democracy is the death penalty acceptable.” However, Peter Hodgkinson, Director of the Centre for Capital Punishment Studies, argued that abolitionist should offer “real alternatives” to retentionist countries if they are to achieve a change in their position.French judge, Simone Rozés, the honorary president of the International Society of Social Defence announced the inauguration of an Academic Network for the Abolition of the Death Penalty with the support of the Spanish Government.The network, an initiative of the Institute of Criminal Law at the University of Castilla-la-Mancha, will coordinate the efforts of some of the most renowned academic experts on the death penalty to design viable abolitionist strategies.The participants acknowledged the need for different strategies in different cultural contexts. On that basis, the network will seek to analyse and disprove retentionist theories through rigorous empirical research which reinforces abolitionism.“It is necessary to design different strategies for the same goal: the abolition of the death penalty,” said José Luis Guzmán Dálbora of the University of Chile. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Chile [2] => France [3] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2739] => Array ( [objectID] => 4826 [title] => FIACAT: abolition “is part of the mission of the Churches” [timestamp] => 1260921600 [date] => 16/12/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/fiacat-abolition-is-part-of-the-mission-of-the-churches/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Days before the major Christian festival of Christmas, the International Federation of Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture reaffirmed its Gospel-inspired opposition to the death penalty. [texte] => The members of the FIACAT network collected 30,000 of 90,708 signatures calling on Yemen, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Sudan to stop executions of minors. Those petitions were submitted at the embassies of these four countries in Paris on 20 November on the occasion of the anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.FIACAT, for its part, participated in the Conference on the death penalty in Africa, held on 23-25 September 2009 in Kigali by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, during which the adoption of a Protocol on the death penalty in Africa was considered.In these circumstances propitious to progress in abolishing the death penalty throughout the world, FIACAT especially welcomes the following statements made at the Synod for Africa, held in Rome from 4 to 25 October 2009, which were submitted to Pope Benedict XVI for adoption on:- the abolition of capital punishment: ‘The Church views the growing opposition to the death penalty as a sign of hope….. Human dignity requires that a person’s fundamental human rights be respected even when they do not respect the rights of others. Capital punishment prevents that goal being achieved…. Moreover, poor people who cannot defend themselves are more easily subject to that definitive and irrevocable punishment. The Synod calls for the complete and universal abolition of the death penalty.’;- the situation of prisoners: ‘Governments and decision-makers should launch a reform of the prison system, enhance prevention and apply minimum international standards on the treatment of prisoners, including more humane treatment in terms of food, accommodation, clothing and medical care, acknowledge prisoners’ rights and accord them decent detention conditions and holistic care from prison pastoral services by suitably trained persons, and establish ‘rehabilitation centres’ to help prisoners reintegrate into society’.Indeed, the campaign to abolish the death penalty, torture and the inhumane treatment of prisoners is part of the prophetic mission of the Churches, for whom every person is a brother or a sister, created in God’s image. It is a matter of contributing to a more just and more human world and thus to peace – the peace which comes from acknowledging others as your brother or sister, and which has its wellspring in the Gospel, that Good News for all.Sylvie Bukhari-de PontualPresident of FIACAT [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [1] => Saudi Arabia [2] => Sudan [3] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2740] => Array ( [objectID] => 4827 [title] => UN Protocol on death penalty turns 20 [timestamp] => 1260835200 [date] => 15/12/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-protocol-on-death-penalty-turns-20/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For 20 years, the United Nations Protocol to abolish the death penalty has been the only universal treaty of worldwide scope to prohibit executions and secure universal abolition of the death penalty for all crimes. [texte] => On December 15, 2009, the UN Protocol to abolish the death penalty celebrates its 20th anniversary. 72 States have ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), aiming at the abolition of the death penalty out of 192 United Nations member states and 164 countries which have ratified the ICCPR .Because 139 countries around the world have already abolished the death penalty in law or in practice, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty works to ensure that this treaty becomes the international standard that prohibits the death penalty all over the world. It launched a campaign for the ratification of the Protocol in October 2009 at the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in Geneva.The campaign is officially supported by « Friends of the Protocol » such as Chile, France, and Spain, which support the advocacy work by civil society.10 countries encouraged to ratify the ProtocolTen countries are expected to ratify the Protocol as soon as possible. Their ratification will strengthen their position within the abolitionist family of nations: Armenia, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, El Salvador, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Mauritius, Poland and the Dominican Republic.These countries are already abolitionist in law and voted in favor of the UN resolution for a moratorium on the application of the death penalty in 2007 and 2008.Among the countries that have ratified the Protocol, 8 are African states, including South Africa and Rwanda; 14 are on the American continent, including Brazil, Canada and Mexico; 8 are in Asia and Oceania, including Australia and the Philippines; and 42 are in Europe.The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), aiming at the abolition of the death penalty was adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 15, 1989. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Armenia [1] => Burundi [2] => Côte d'Ivoire [3] => Dominican Republic [4] => El Salvador [5] => Kazakhstan [6] => Kyrgyzstan [7] => Latvia [8] => Mauritius [9] => Poland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2741] => Array ( [objectID] => 4828 [title] => Two countries asked to ratify the UN Protocol on abolition [timestamp] => 1260316800 [date] => 09/12/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/two-countries-asked-to-ratify-the-un-protocol-on-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As part of the campaign in favour of the treaty on the abolition of the death penalty, Chile and Spain encouraged the Dominican Republic and the Ivory Coast to ratify the text. [texte] => During the Universal Periodic Rewiew conducted by the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva between November 30 and December 11 (photo), recommendations in line with the World Coalition’s ratification campaign for the UN Protocol to abolish the death penalty were formulated to two of the campaign’s target countries: the Dominican Republic and Ivory Coast.The campaign was launched in October 2009 and aims at increasing the number of ratifications of the Protocol. To reach this goal, the World Coalition works closely with civil society, international organisations and abolitionist countries for which the abolition of the death penalty is a priority."Friends of the Protocol" countries play their partChile and Spain, the first two ‘Friends of the Protocol’ that officially support the ratification campaign, fully endorsed their commitment by calling on the countries targeted for December 2009 by the Coalition to ratify the Protocol.Spanish ambassador Javier Garrigues said during the review of the Dominican Republic: “Spain welcomes with satisfaction the abolition of the death penalty and hopes that the Dominican Republic will ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights.”Chile made the same recommendation for both countries, asking them: “to sign and ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights”.The Dominican Republic and Ivory Coast both said that they would examine those recommendations and that their response would be included in the outcome report adopted by the Human Rights Council at its 13th session in March 2010. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Côte d'Ivoire [1] => Côte d'Ivoire [2] => Dominican Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2742] => Array ( [objectID] => 4829 [title] => Teaching abolition in Taiwan [timestamp] => 1260316800 [date] => 09/12/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/teaching-abolition-in-taiwan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Tsou Tzung Han is a Taiwanese teacher who actively took part in educational activities organised around World Day Against the Death Penalty. He writes about his experience with his students. [texte] => Teaching abolition is still controversial in Taiwan. According to surveys, about 72% of the population is against the abolition of the death penalty.But paradoxically, among them, less than half believe that death penalty can deter serious crimes. And interestingly, when asked if sentences could be prolonged or the standard for probation could be raised, 56% of people in Taiwan agree that death penalty could be abolished.To a human rights defender, and now a junior high school teacher, I truly think that it is the insufficiency of school and social education on this topic that makes some people blindly vote for the death penalty.People don’t know about the death penaltyPeople in Taiwan actually don’t know the cruel essence of the death penalty nor the cost of social resource spent on it. Or at least, not well enough. The lack of educational material is the main reason.That is why I was thrilled to know that the World Coalition was releasing an educational guide for the World Day against Death Penalty. Without hesitation, I agreed to help translate the guide and hoped it could be disseminated as widely as possible.However, when translating the guide, I was worried if such wide range of complex topics with many references covered only in summaries could be used in classes. Luckily, the Taiwan Alliance for the End of Death Penalty (TAEDP) also held a 3-day workshop to help turn the guide into feasible local education plans for Taiwan (photos, top and right).The workshop started with experts from different fields, including one lawyer, one judge, two Christian and Buddhist representatives, and a writer sharing their knowledge and real experience on the topic on the first day. They really opened all the participants’ horizons and helped us understood the local context and stories.Then, one week later, the participants were divided into nine groups to develop each activity into a concrete lesson plan. I and another member of TAEDP were in charge of Activity D1: Methods of execution. We shared our lesson plan in the workshop and got a lot of feedback from the experts. Then we handed in the revised version for the future publication of the Chinese-language educational guide.Students were shockedAfter the workshop, I designed two classes for my grade 9 students on the basis of the lesson plan I had made.The class began with me introducing some facts about the death penalty in the world and in Taiwan (photo below). For example, I talked about the number of countries that have abolished death penalty and how Taiwan has had a moratorium for the fourth year.After that, we worked in pairs on the worksheets on methods of execution. All the students were shocked by some of the real cruel methods of execution which were once or still are practiced on Earth. They also recognized the importance of human dignity and the right not to be tortured.To deepen their understanding of that issue, I showed them a news clip on the famous case of Tan Ing Shan, an aboriginal youth who was sentenced to death for killing his employer after he had forced him to work more than 17 hours a day. I wanted them to think over the relationship between the death penalty and discrimination.We also watched the excerpts of the movie The Green Mile by Frank Darabont and ended the class with a discussion on the movie and the feedback sheet. Almost all the students expressed that they learned a lot and would like to know more about this topic.Although they were still unsure if the death penalty should be abolished, they all recognize the complexity of each crime and the cruelty of the death penalty.Promoting abolition through educationFrom my own experience, I really believe that people in Taiwan would never be able to fully accept or welcome a world without death penalty when they know so little about it.While there are many human rights groups lobbying for the top-down change of the system, I would like to advocate for the need to promote the abolition of the death penalty through education.Now that my students have begun to think about this issue, I am really looking forward to the publication of the Chinese educational guide for further discussion. I hope they will be able to one day stand out for this cause and fight for a Taiwan without death penalty!" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2743] => Array ( [objectID] => 4830 [title] => Europe and Japan share “Reflections on life” [timestamp] => 1260230400 [date] => 08/12/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/europe-and-japan-share-reflections-on-life/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Speaking at a symposium on the death penalty organised in Tokyo by the Swedish presidency of the European Union, a Japanese minister expressed his commitment for abolition. [texte] => “I will continue to do my best to abolish the death penalty, in line with the international trend”, Shizuka Kamei, (photo) Japan’s newly appointed postal and financial services minister said on December 2.Kamei added his government, led by prime minister Yukio Hatoyama, would reverse the trend towards more executions established by its predecessor. However, he acknowledged that Japan was not ready for abolition and promised to work towards a moratorium on executions as a first step.Kamei was speaking at the event “Reflections on Life: European and Asian Perspectives on Capital Punishment” organised by the Swedish presidency of the European Union at Tokyo’s Waseda University.Politicians should take the leadOve Bring, professor emeritus at Sweden’s National Defence College and Stockholm University, exposed the European outlook on the death penalty. After giving an overview of the history of abolition in Europe since the 18th century, he explained that political leaders there had taken the lead and convinced public opinion that capital punishment was wrong.“Politicians have probably felt that the issue was inappropriate for consideration by ‘the man in the street’, since citizens in general would be more emotional than rational in this matter,” he said. He stressed that the EU has asked Japanese leaders to take similar steps, even though a majority of the country’s population still supports the death penalty.He also insisted in the risk of miscarriage of justice as a key argument to abolish the capital punishment.In the panel discussion that followed, Maiko Tagusari, a representative for World Coalition member organisation Center for Prisoners’ Rights, insisted that capital punishment was not linked to Asian values. Instead, she accused the Japanese media of misinforming the public on the death penalty, arguing that properly informed citizens would stop supporting it.Download Ove Bring's speech [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Moratorium [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2744] => Array ( [objectID] => 4831 [title] => Iran ignores nearly 100,000 signatures against child executions [timestamp] => 1258934400 [date] => 23/11/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iran-ignores-nearly-100000-signatures-against-child-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition delegation carrying 90,708 signatures against juvenile executions in the world was not admitted to the embassies of Iran and Saudi Arabia, in contrast to those of Sudan and Yemen. [texte] => The World Coalition delegation carrying 90,708 signatures against juvenile executions in the world was not admitted to the embassies of Iran and Saudi Arabia, in contrast to those of Sudan and Yemen.A World Coalition delegation went to the embassies of the four countries that still execute juvenile offenders on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, on 20 November, 2009 in the morning.Although the diplomatic representations of Sudan and Yemen received each a quarter of the petitions received to date by the World Coalition since World Day against the Death Penalty was held on October 10, 2009, the embassy of Iran rejected requests for a visit. The embassy of Saudi Arabia accepted to receive the petitions but refused to meet the delegation.As the petitions are being mailed to the Iranian authorities, the World Coalition is alarmed at the announcement by the UN Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict that the Sudanese authorities pronounced death sentence against six children.The World Coalition delegation comprised members of ACAT France, ECPM, FIACAT, the National United Support Group to Mumia Abu Jamal and the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. To date, the World Coalition’s secretariat has received 90,708 signatures from 30 countries. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [1] => Sudan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2745] => Array ( [objectID] => 4832 [title] => Chinese death penalty targets minorities [timestamp] => 1258588800 [date] => 19/11/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/chinese-death-penalty-targets-minorities/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The recent execution of several Uyghurs and Tibetans after ethnic clashes in China was met with severe international criticism. [texte] => The Chinese authorities recently executed nine people accused of taking part in riots in the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region in July 2009 – eight Uyghurs and one Han Chinese man. They thus ignored the World Coalition’s calls for an “open, independent, transparent, fair and impartial investigation”.Chinese officials on November 9 confirmed that the executions had taken place, without saying when. Xinjiang’s higher court had upheld the death sentences on October 30. The obligatory pre-execution review of the nine cases by China’s Supreme Court therefore took place in nine days or less.According to Amnesty International, the defendants were tried secretly in less than one day and were denied free legal representation. “In hastily executing these individuals after unfair trials, the Chinese authorities are perpetuating some of the very injustices that helped trigger the outburst of violence in the first place,” said Roseann Rife, deputy director of Amnesty International's Asia-Pacific programme.The Swedish presidency of the European Union, too, criticised the executions. As more people face execution in the wake of the Xinjiang riots, it said in a statement: “The EU calls on China to review urgently the cases of those who remain under sentence of death for their alleged involvement in this year's unrest and for their sentences to be commuted.”The EU also slammed the execution of two Tibetans in connection with last year’s ethnic violence in Lhasa. An unknown number of Tibetans have reportedly been executed since the riots took place. The Chinese authorities have refused to give information about those executions.Photo: Urumqi, 8 July2009, by Remko Tanis [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2746] => Array ( [objectID] => 4833 [title] => Flurry of educational events on World Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1257465600 [date] => 06/11/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/flurry-of-educational-events-on-world-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An abolitionist wave of marches, cultural happenings, petition signings and educational events swept across the world for the 7th World Day on October 10. [texte] => Among the actions taken to “Teach abolition”, the aim of the 2009 World Day, the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) organised a four-day workshop to help teachers and activists get to know each other (photo). Together, they worked on a Taiwanese version of the World Coalition’s educational guide, which they aim to publish in December.Various educational organisations took part, including the government-sponsored Human Rights Education Curriculum and Instruction Team. Thus, “although we do not directly cooperate with the Ministry of Education, we do find some connection with the formal education system”, said TAEDP’s executive director Lin Hsin-Yi. A press conference at the opening of the workshop attracted coverage across Taiwan’s Chinese- and English-language media.Many organisations across the world took similar steps to adapt the World Coalition’s educational material to local needs, drawing from local examples and priorities. For example, the US-based group Advocates for Human Rights mixed international law and American testimonies to produce a toolkit that provides information, stories and teaching materials designed to educate students and adults about the reality of the death penalty.Houston “teach-in”In the United States, the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty held its second “teach-in” at the University of St Thomas. Activists received training into educating members of their communities about abolition through the channels of congregations, civic clubs and educational institutions. An attorney explained to them how serious mistakes in the criminal justice system can lead to people being wrongfully convicted and executed, citing the Todd Willingham case.In Kinshasa, DR Congo, too, local NGO Culture pour la Paix et la Justice briefed more than 40 teachers and students on how to approach schoolchildren and educate them to abolitionist values. The gathering (photo) was also an opportunity for the African Great Lakes Coalition to held its first general assembly and launch its website.Diplomatic actionAs European institutions have declared October 10 the European Day Against the Death Penalty, EU diplomats also raised their voice against capital punishment from Washington, the capital of one of the last democracies to carry out executions. “Miscarriages of justice are inevitable in any legal system, and any miscarriage of justice that results in the death penalty is irreversible,” said John Bruton, the EU's ambassador to the US, according to the Christian Science Monitor.The Council of Europe, for its part, called on experts to discuss alternative punishments to the death penalty and invited the public to discuss the issue with them on Twitter.Rallies and marches from Australia to ParisThe World Day Against the Death Penalty was also marked by traditional marches and rallies, often connected with support groups for one or several death row inmates. In Melbourne, barrister Julian McMahon told a 2,000-strong crowd that “execution is premeditated, ritualised, state-sanctioned violence by brutalised societies”. McMahon represents two of three Australians sentenced to death in Indonesia for drug trafficking.In India, Lawyers for Human Rights International (LHRI, photo) launched a petition appealing for clemency in the case of Devender Pal Singh Bhullar, who has been on death row since 2001. LHRI chose to highlight the case of Bhullar, who was sentenced for terrorism after flawed judicial. His clemency appeal to the President of India has been pending for six years.Artists portray the dark face of the capital punishmentWorld Day 2009 was also an opportunity to stage numerous cultural events. Belgian painter Patrik Vermeulen exhibited his series “Violating the Hippocratic Oath?” in Lokeren. The chilling set of paintings, which questions the use of medical staff and equipment in US executions, will also be on show from November 14 in Borgloon.In London, artist Robert Priseman joined with activists to launch the book No Human Way to Kill, which features his etchings depicting execution chambers (photo) as well as essays by death row inmates and personnel, relatives of murder victims and abolitionist campaigners. An exhibition of Priseman’s etchings accompanied the book launch.Cathy Harrington, who lost her daughter to murder and contributed to No Human Way to Kill, travelled to Paris later on October 10 for the launch of the book’s French version.“Kids Against the Death Penalty”Besides those and many other events held by international and national organisations, community groups and individuals also took part in World Day Against the Death Penalty at their own level – whether campaigning for abolition from their Facebook page or collecting petition signatures in their hometown. The World Coalition’s petition against juvenile executions can be signed until November 20.In Texas, a group of teenagers organised under the banner Kids Against the Death Penalty picked up on the World Day’s educational focus in a home-made video they posted on YouTube. Watch it below.For others, this World Day’s focus on teaching and juvenile executions was just a recognition of actions they had been conducting for a long time. As stated by Anthony Mungin, a Florida death row inmate who has been in regular correspondence with troubled teenagers from poorer neighbourhhods: “I can help those kids understand how bad decisions lead to prison. I know I can influence them and encourage them to make better choices, and to continue their education. I can use my past mistakes as examples.” He added: “Sentencing juveniles to death and executing them is an extremely barbaric act.”[/en]" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia [1] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [2] => India [3] => Indonesia [4] => Taiwan [5] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Innocence [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2747] => Array ( [objectID] => 4834 [title] => African Great Lakes Coalition gets stronger [timestamp] => 1257465600 [date] => 06/11/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/african-great-lakes-coalition-gets-stronger/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The group, which brings together more than 30 member organisations from four countries, established itself as a formal body and launched its website on World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => The text below is the first one written by the regional coalition's activists for Africabolition.org, a cross-border publication tool set up by Together Against the Death Penalty and the World Coalition with financial support from the European Union.The 7th World Day Against the Death Penalty was celebrated on October 10, 2009 in Kinshasa. On that occasion, the website of the Great Lakes Coalition was officially launched. Thomas Hubert, who designed the site, organised a training session on the utilisation of the website for all the Coalition's member organisations.Aside from that workshop, several speakers discussed education to the abolition of the death penalty. They focused on school students, whom we should help appropriate abolitionist values. Moreover, several states keeping executing juvenile offenders despite the ban on child executions established in international law - most notably in the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Members of Parliament and law professors trained teachers and students into abolitionist arguments; they, in tunrn, went out to raise awareness among schoolchildren across Kinshasa. During those visits, the World Coalition's petition againt the execution of juvenile offenders was signed by more than 2,400 people - a success.Opening the World Day event, Liévin Ngondji, president of Congolese NGO Culture for Peace and Justice (CPJ), encouraged Rwanda and Burundi to preserve the abolitionist progress they have achieved. He said: "We are going to discuss the steps forward made in our Great Lakes region in the abolitionist struggle, but we are also going to examine the fragility of those improvements due to recurring armed conflicts."The coalition also adopted its bye-laws at its first general meeting. Organisations from DR Congo's eastern provinces, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda took part in the general meeting.The workshop and surrounding event were made possible thanks to financial support from the French embassy in the Democratic Republic of Congo. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi [1] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [2] => Rwanda [3] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2748] => Array ( [objectID] => 4835 [title] => Register now for the 4th World Congress [timestamp] => 1257379200 [date] => 05/11/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/register-now-for-the-4th-world-congress/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The largest global abolitionist event will take place in Geneva next February. Participants are invited to register as soon as possible. [texte] => After Strasburg in 2001, Montreal in 2004 and Paris in 2007, Geneva will host the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty between February 24-26, 2010. Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) is organising the event in co-operation with the World Coalition and Switzerland.The World Congresses against the death penalty gather hundreds of participants who unite to elaborate national, regional and international strategies towards universal abolition.Participation to the Congress is free after an online registration procedure on ECPM’s website.In Paris, the 3rd World Congress witnessed a record attendance, with over 150 speakers and 1 000 participants, including a large number of political leaders.Reaching out to the UN and developing countriesIn Geneva, a few months before a fresh moratorium vote in the United Nations General Assembly, the closeness to numerous international organisations will be an opportunity to attract the international diplomatic community, especially the participants to the session of the UN’s Human Rights Council.Special emphasis is devoted to appeal to participants – civil society representatives, international law experts, political and institutional key actors, media etc. – coming from retentionist and developing countries.Over three days, exchanges will take the form of plenary sessions, roundtables, workshops, exhibitions, festive evenings and official opening and closing ceremonies, as well as a final march to the United Nations.Click here to find out more, register and read the programme [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Switzerland ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2749] => Array ( [objectID] => 4836 [title] => UN Protocol campaign harnesses diplomatic power [timestamp] => 1257292800 [date] => 04/11/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-protocol-campaign-harnesses-diplomatic-power/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition launched its action programme in favour of the UN Protocol to abolish the death penalty on 21 October in Geneva. [texte] => The World Coalition presented its campaign for the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights during the 67th Session of the Human Rights Committee, the UN body monitoring the implementation of the Protocol.The event took place a few days after the World Day against the Death Penalty, and just one month after Brazil acceded to the Protocol.Some by 25 participants including 3 ambassadors, the President of the Human Rights Committee and members of the World Coalition attended.World Coalition campaigner Aurélie Plaçais told them that, after two years of research and campaign design, the time was right to kick-start lobbying efforts as we celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Protocol.10 target countriesShe said that the goal of the campaign's opening year was to get five of the 10 target countries to ratify the Protocol, which abolishes the death penalty in an irreversible way. Advocacy efforts started with a focus on Latvia and El Salvador. “We have chosen them because they are already abolitionist in law, they are parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and they have shown strong support for the abolition of capital punishment” in the UN General Assembly, she explained. Other countries will be targeted in later phases.“Once the majority of countries have ratified it, the Protocol will serve as the instrument that outlaws the death penalty in international law,” she added.The World Coalition also called on several state parties to the treaty to become “Friends of the Protocol” and actively support its lobbying of target countries. Spain was the first to endorse the campaign officially on October 30.Although representatives from target countries did not attend the meeting itself, side discussions with several of them yielded positive response.Click here to find out more about the World Coalition’s campaign in favour of the Protocol [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brazil [1] => El Salvador [2] => Latvia [3] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2750] => Array ( [objectID] => 25536 [title] => Educational guide 2009 [timestamp] => 1255132800 [date] => 10/10/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/educational-guide-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => With this Educational Guide, the World CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty is launching a collaborativeinitiative which aims to improve the contributions of all.This guide will be regularly supplemented by new infor-mation and themes. It will also be frequently updatedon the Coalition’s website (www.worldcoalition.org).On behalf of the members of the World Coalition inmore than thirty countries across the world, we thankyou for your support. [texte] => EDUCATIONAL GUIDETeaching Abolitionwww.worldcoalition.orgW O R L DCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYThis Handbook is a campaign material producedunder the supervision of the Executive Secretariatof the World Coalition against the Death Penalty:Special thanks for their kind assistance toAuthors :Hélène Labbouz (World Coalition),Cécile Marcel (Acat-France),Aurélie Plaçais (World Coalition),Guillaume Parent (World Coalition),Elizabeth Zitrin (Death Penalty Focus)Revision:Francis Barbe (FSU SNUIPP),Florence Bellivier (FIDH),Elisabeth Zitrin (DPF)Translations:English – Morag Young,Chinese – simplified and traditional (Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty)Spanish – ACAT SPAIN and Jessica Corredor (World Coalition)Italian – Dr. Angelo Passaleva (Tuscany Region)Illustration:Annie DemoutiezMock-up and design:Olivier Dechaud (ECPM),Taiwan Alliance to End the Death PenaltyPoster :Cadran SolaireEducational GuideWorld Day 2009For teachersof studentsaged 14 to 18September 2009World Coalition Againstthe Death PenaltyECPM,3 rue Paul Vaillant Couturier92320 Chatillon, FranceTél. : + 33 1 57 63 09 37coalition@abolition.frwww.worldcoalition.orgThe contend of this document are the sole responsibilityof the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.W O R L DCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.org[ Educational Guide World Day 2009 ] 1Every year the world takes another step towards uni-versal abolition. In 2008 two new countries abolishedthe death penalty for all crimes (Argentina andUzbekistan). Burundi abolished the death penalty on22 April 2009 and Togo on 23 June 2009. As of June2009, 139 countries are part of the international aboli-tionist family. Since 1990 more than 55 countries haveabolished capital punishment.Progress in the future will mainly depend on the educa-tion provided to children, our future citizens, politicians,accused, judges and lawyers. The world’s future is intheir hands and it will be up to each and every one ofthem as adults to join the abolitionist family.By encouraging debates on the death penalty on 10thOctober, the members of the World Coalition wouldlike pupils and students to understand the state of theworld they are living in: the severity, and sometimescruelty, but also the beauty of the human rights ideal.Our aim is for them to acquire essential knowledge andunderstand why the death penalty is an attack on basicrights.This manual is aimed particularly at teachers of stu-dents aged 14 to 18, wherever they are in the world. Itsuggests activities in anticipation of the celebrations on10th October, covering the arguments which supportthe abolitionist movement.Why fighting for the Global Abolition of the DeathPenalty?The death penalty is irrevocable: no justice sys-tem is safe from judicial errors and innocent people arelikely to be executed.The death penalty is inefficient: it has never beenshown to deter crimes more effectively than other pun-ishments.The death penalty is unfair: the death penalty isdiscriminatory and is often used disproportionatelyagainst the poor, the mentally ill, those discriminatedagainst for reasons of sexual orientation, or from racial,ethnic and religious minorities.The death penalty is a cruel, inhuman, anddegrading punishment: waiting on death row inflictsextreme psychological suffering and execution is aphysical and mental assault.[ Foreword to the teachers ]Educating towards AbolitionThe death penalty is applied frequently over-whelmingly in violation of international standards: itbreaches the principles of the 1948 UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights, which states that every-one has the right to life and that no one shall be sub-jected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degradingtreatment or punishment. It is also in contradiction withthe international trend towards abolition recognized bya vote at the United Nations' General Assembly callingfor the establishment of a universal moratorium on theuse of the death penalty (Resolution 62/149 adoptedon 18 December 2007 and Resolution 63/168 adopt-ed on December 2008).Thanks to its many members and affiliates, theWorld Coalition can help you to organise activities on10 October. The contact details of the members aregiven in the appendix.With this Educational Guide, the World CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty is launching a collaborativeinitiative which aims to improve the contributions of all.This guide will be regularly supplemented by new infor-mation and themes. It will also be frequently updatedon the Coalition’s website (www.worldcoalition.org).On behalf of the members of the World Coalition inmore than thirty countries across the world, we thankyou for your support.Florence Bellivier, FIDHElisabeth Zitrin, DPFFrancis Barbe, FSU[ Foreword to the teachers ] Educating towards Abolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4The World Day Against the Death Penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5The International Convention on the Rights of the ChildCelebrates Its 20th Birthday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6[ A ]The Death Penalty and International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7[ Activity A1 ] Role play: Moratorium 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8[ B ]Innocence and Legal Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10[ Activity B1 ] The Death Penalty and Vengeance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11[ C ]The Death Penalty and Human Rights (Torture and Racial Discrimination) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12[ Activity C1 ] Torture and the Death Penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13[ Activity C2 ] The Death Penalty and Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16[ Activity C3 ] The Death Penalty Applied to Juveniles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18[ Activity C4 ] The Irreversible Nature of the Death Penalty and Legal Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20[ D ]Conditions of Detention(Methods of Execution, Mental Health, the Problem of Long Sentences, etc) . . . . . . . . .21[ Activity D1 ] Methods of Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22[ Activity D2 ] Mental Health and the Death Penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24[ E ]The Cost of the Death Penalty (special case of the United States) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25[ Activity E1 ] The Cost of the Death Penalty in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Death Penalty in the World in 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Resources for the Moratorium 2010 game to be distributed to students . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28The Members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30[ Table of content ]Educational Guide World Day 2009[ Educational Guide World Day 2009 ] 34 [ World Coalition Against the Death Penalty ]The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty(WCADP) brings together NGOs, bar associations,trade unions and regional/local public bodies that areactive across the world in support of abolition of thedeath penalty. It was created in 2002 to reinforce theinternational dimension of the fight against the deathpenalty.The World Coalition endeavours to strengthen interna-tional action in the fight against the death penalty, leadand coordinate international action (particularly lob-bying), bring together new abolitionists and increase itsThe World Coalition Against the Death Penaltyinfluence in countries where capital punishment stillexists as part of national legislation. It helps creatingnational and regional coalitions and organizing world-wide events.In 2003, the WCADP made October 10th the WorldDay Against the Death Penalty.World Coalition Against the Death Penaltywww.worldcoalition.org3, rue Paul Vaillant CouturierF-92320 ChâtillonFrance[ Educational Guide World Day 2009 ] 5In 2003, the WCADP made October 10th the WorldDay Against the Death Penalty. For six years now, ini-tiatives have been developed worldwide. In 2007, itwas officially recognized as the ‘European Day Againstthe Death Penalty’.During the previous editions, local actions took placeall over the world: in 2003, 63 countries joined forcesand took 188 actions against death penalty. For thesecond occurrence, in 2004, 205 initiatives were takenin 24 countries.The 3rd World Day, in 2005, was celebrated in 46countries through 263 actions. For this occasion, apetition, inviting the African Heads of State to abolishthe [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Guide-pedagogique-JM2009-EN.pdf ) [2751] => Array ( [objectID] => 25130 [title] => Poster World Day 2009 [timestamp] => 1255132800 [date] => 10/10/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster world day against the death penalty 2009 [texte] => 10 OCTOBER 2009WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYTEACHING ABOLITION10 OCTOBER2009WORLD DAYAGAINST THEDEATH PENALTY www.worldcoalition.orgcredits : Istock, conception :maquette coalition enfant 40x60.indd 1 10/08/09 17:31:08 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AfficheHD-JM2009-EN.pdf ) [2752] => Array ( [objectID] => 25552 [title] => Facts and Figures 2007 [timestamp] => 1255132800 [date] => 10/10/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facts and Figures 2007 [texte] => THE DEATH PENALTYFACTS AND FIGURES[ ][ 1 ] ABOLITIONIST AND NON-ABOLITIONIST COUNTRIESTwo thirds of the world’s countries have abolished the death penalty in law orpractice.• 90 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes;• 10 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes except extra-ordinary crimes such as those committed in times of war;• 30 countries are ddee ffaaccttoo abolitionists: the death penalty is still provided forin legislation but no executions have been carried out for at least ten years.Therefore, 130 countries have abolished the death penalty de jure or de facto.However, 69 countries and territories still uphold the death penalty and use thispunishment. That said, ‘only’ 25 countries performed executions in 2006.[ 2 ] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDS WORLDABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYSince 1990 more than 50 countries have abolished capital punishment for allcrimes: in Africa (recent examples include Ivory Coast, Liberia and Rwanda);the Americas (Canada, Mexico and Paraguay); Asia-Pacific (Bhutan, thePhilippines and Samoa); and Europe and the South Caucasus (Armenia,Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cyprus, Montenegro and Turkey).[ 3 ] DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONSDuring 2006 at least 1,591 prisoners were executed in 25 countries and 3,861people were sentenced to death in 55 countries. These figures only reflect casesof which Amnesty International (AI) was aware and the actual number is cer-tainly higher. However, the figure is lower than in 2005 (2,148 executions and5,186 sentences).[ China ]In 2006 91% of executions registered took place in China, the United States,Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and Sudan. AI estimates that China executed at least 1,010people during the course of the year but the actual number is probably far higherand some sources estimate it to be between 7,500 and 8,000 people. Officialnational statistics on the application of capital punishment remain a state secret.It is therefore very difficult to obtain real, reliable information on the situation ofthe death penalty in the country.[ Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Sudan ]Iran executed at least 177 people (almost twice as many as in 2005), Pakistanat least 82 and Iraq and Sudan at least 65 each. But the true number couldbe higher.COALITIONMONDIALECONTRE LA PEINE DE MORTWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgCreated in Rome in May 2002, the Coalitionbrings together legal associations, unions,local governments, non-governmentalorganizations and others who are commitedto the struggle against the death penaltyand who want to coordonate their lobbyingand actions at an international level.Steering Committee membersAmnesty International, Collectif UnitaireNational de Soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal,Comité national pour l'abolition de la peinede mort au Maroc, Comité desObservateurs des Droits de l’Homme,Community of Sant'Egidio, Death PenaltyFocus, Culture pour la Paix et la Justice,Ensemble contre la peine de mort,International Federation of Human RightsLeagues, Fédération Syndicale Unitaire,International Bars Conference, InternationalFederation of Action by Christians for theAbolition of Torture, Mothers Against theDeath Penalty, Murder Victims’ Families forHuman Rights, National Association ofCriminal Defense Lawyers, NationalLawyers Guild, Paris Bar, ObservatoireMarocain des Prisons, Organisationmarocaine des droits humains, PenalReform International, TuscanyOther membersACAT France, American Friends ServiceCommittee, City of Andoian, Association forthe Right to Live, Association Marocainedes Droits Humains, Bahrein Human RightsSociety, City of Braine l’Alleud, Center forPrisoner’s Rights, Comitato Paul Rougeau,Comité Syndical Francophone del'Education et de la Formation, CURE, Cityof Dijon, Forum 90 Japan, Forum marocainpour la Vérité et la Justice, Foundation forHuman Rights Initiative, Italian Coalition toAbolish the Death Penalty, InternationalHelsinki Federation for Human Rights,Iranian Human Rights Activists Groups inEU and North America, Journey of Hope,Lifespark, Ligue des Droits de l’Homme,Lutte Pour la Justice, City of Matera,Morrocan Centre of Human Rights,Mouvement contre le Racisme et pourl’Amitié entre les Peuples, NationalCoalition to Abolish the Death Penalty,Ordine Provinciale dei Medici-Chirurgi edegli odontoiatri di Firenze, Ordre desBarreaux francophones et germanophonesde Belgique, Palestinian Centre for HumanRights, Pax Christi Uvira asbl, People ofFaith Against the Death Penalty, PuertoRican Coalition against the Death Penalty,City of Reggio Emilia, Rights andDemocracy, SOS Attentats - SOSTerrorisme, Taiwan Alliance to End theDeath Penalty, Texas Coalition to abolishthe death penalty, City of Venice, WorldOrganisation against Torture.Executive SecretariatECPM197/199 avenue Pierre Brossolette92120 Montrouge - FranceTél. : 00 33 +1 57 21 22 73Fax : 00 33 +1 57 21 22 74coalition@abolition.frwww.worldcoalition.org[ United States ]In the United States 12 States performed executions, takingthe lives of 53 people (compared to 60 in 2005), therefore brin-ging the total number of people executed since capital punish-ment was reinstated in 1977 to 1,057.In 2006 senators in New Jersey introduced a moratorium onexecutions and set up a committee to study all aspects of theapplication of capital punishment in their State. In its final reportin January 2007, the committee recommended abolishing thispunishment. Further, in 2006 executions were suspended insome States of the Union due to legal action and concernsover the practice of lethal injections.On 1 January 2007 approximately 3,350 prisoners were sen-tenced to death.It is difficult to provide an estimate at international level of thenumber of prisoners sentenced to death awaiting applicationof their punishment. However, on the basis of various sources,this figure can be estimated to be between 19,185 and 24,646people in 2006.[ 5 ] METHODS OF EXECUTIONSince 2000 the following methods have been used:• decapitation (Saudi Arabia);• electrocution (United States);• hanging (Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Pakistan,Singapore and other countries);• lethal injection (China, United States, Guatemala, Thailand);• execution by firing squad (Belarus, China, Uzbekistan,Somalia, Taiwan, Vietnam and other countries);• stoning (Afghanistan, Iran).[ 5 ] USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY AGAINSTJUVENILE OFFENDERSInternational human rights treaties forbid the use of capitalpunishment for all those under 18 at the time of the crime ofwhich they are accused. This ban is inscribed in theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the AmericanConvention on Human Rights and the Convention on the Rightsof the Child. More than 100 countries which still uphold capi-tal punishment for some crimes expressly forbid the executionof juvenile offenders in their legislation, or should exclude thissort of execution as they are party to one of other of these trea-ties. However, a small number of countries continue to exe-cute juvenile offenders. In Iran, four juvenile offenders wereexecuted in 2006 and two during the first half of 2007. In 2006a juvenile offender was also executed in Pakistan.[ 6 ] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTSSUPPORTING ABOLITIONOne important aspect of the progress which has been maderecently is the adoption of international treaties through whichStates pledge not to use capital punishment. Currently, thereare four such treaties:• the Second Optional Protocol to the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights, which aims to abo-lish the death penalty and has been ratified by sixty States.Eight other countries have signed the Protocol, thereby signal-ling their intention to become party to this instrument at alater date;• the Protocol to the American Convention on HumanRights on the abolition of the death penalty, which hasbeen ratified by eight States on the American continent andsigned by two others;• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection ofHuman Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (EuropeanHuman Rights Convention) on the abolition of the deathpenalty, which has been ratified by 45 European States andsigned by one other;• Protocol No. 13 to the European Human RightsConvention concerning the abolition of the deathpenalty in all circumstances, which as been ratified by 39European States and signed by seven others.The object of Protocol No. 6 to the European Human RightsConvention is the abolition of the death penalty in peace time.The two other protocols provide for the total abolition of capi-tal punishment but gives States the possibility, if they so wish,to use it exceptionally in times of war. Protocol No. 13 to theEuropean Human Rights Convention provides for the total abo-lition of the death penalty in all circumstances.[Source : Amnesty internationalwww.efai.amnesty.org/peinedemort]For more information,please visit the websitewww.worldcoalition.org[ ] [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Faits-et-chiffres-JM2007-EN.pdf ) [2753] => Array ( [objectID] => 25526 [title] => Facts and Figures 2009 [timestamp] => 1255132800 [date] => 10/10/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facts and Figures 2009 [texte] => [1] ABOLITIONIST AND NON-ABOLITIONIST COUNTRIESMore than two thirds of the world’s countries have abolished the deathpenalty in law or practice.• 94 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes;• 10 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes exceptextraordinary crimes such as those committed in times of war;• 35 countries are de facto abolitionists: the death penalty is stillprovided for in legislation but no executions have been carried out for atleast ten years.Therefore, 139 countries have abolished the death penalty de jure or defacto.However, 58 countries and territories still uphold the death penalty and usethis punishment. That said, ‘only’ 25 countries carried out executions in2008.[2] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDSWORLD ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYSince 1990 more than 54 countries have abolished capital punishment for allcrimes: in Africa (recent examples include Togo and Burundi); the Americas(Canada, Mexico, Paraguay and Argentina); Asia-Pacific (Bhutan, thePhilippines and Samoa); and Europe and the South Caucasus (Armenia,Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cyprus, Montenegro, Turkey and Uzbekistan).[3] DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONSDuring 2008 at least 2,390 prisoners were executed in 25 countries and8,864 people were sentenced to death in 52 countries. These figures onlyreflect cases of which Amnesty International was aware and the actualnumber is certainly higher.In 2008 93% of executions registered took place in China, Iran, Pakistan,Saudi Arabia and the United States.[China]Amnesty International estimates that China executed at least 1,718 peopleduring the course of the year 2008 but the actual number is probably farhigher and the US-based organization "Dui Hua Foundation" estimates it to bearound 6,000 people. Official national statistics on the application of capitalpunishment remain a state secret. It is therefore very difficult to obtainreal, reliable information on the situation of the death penalty in thecountry.[Iran, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia]According to Amnesty International’s information Iran executed at least 346people (almost twice as many as in 2006 and four times as many as 2005),Pakistan 36 people and about 7,000 inmates are on death row, includingchildren and Saudi Arabia at least 102. But the true number could be higher.www.worldcoalition.orgSteering Committee members:Amnesty International, Arab CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty, Collectif UnitaireNational de Soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal,Coalition nationale pour l'abolition de la peinede mort au Maroc, Community ofSant'Egidio, Death Penalty Focus, Culturepour la Paix et la Justice, Ensemble contre lapeine de mort, International Federation ofHuman Rights Leagues, FédérationSyndicale Unitaire, International Federationof Action by Christians for the Abolition ofTorture, Lawyers For Human RightsInternational, Murder Victims’ Families forHuman Rights, National Association ofCriminal Defence Lawyers, Paris Bar, PenalReform International, Puerto Rico BarAssociation, Taiwan Alliance to End theDeath Penalty, Texas Coalition to Abolish theDeath Penalty, Tuscany Region.Other members:ACAT France, Advocates for Human Rights,American Friends Service Committee,Association for the Rights to Live, City ofAndoain, Association Marocaine des DroitsHumains, Bahrain Human Rights Society,Belarusian Helsinki Committee, City ofBraine l’Alleud, Centre for Prisoner’s Rights,Centre marocain des droits humains,Coalition nationale tunisienne contre la peinede mort, Collectif des Organisations desJeunes Solidaires du Congo-Kinshasa,Comité des Observateurs des Droits del’Homme, Comitato Paul Rougeau, ComitéSyndical Francophone de l'Education et de laFormation, Conférence Internationale desBarreaux, Congolese Youth Movement,Conseil National pour les Libertés enTunisie, CURE, Death Watch International,City of Dijon, Federation of Liberal Students,Forum Africain contre la Peine de Mort,Forum 90 Japan, Forum marocain pour laVérité et la Justice, Foundation for HumanRights Initiative, Hands Off Cain, Hope &Justice, Human Rights Watch, Human RightsCommission of Pakistan, HURILAWS,International Organization for DiplomaticRelations, Iranian Human Rights ActivistsGroups in EU and North America, IraqiAlliance for the Prevention of the deathpenalty, Iraqi Center for Human Rights andDemocracy Studies, Italian Coalition toAbolish the Death Penalty, Journey of Hope,KontraS, Law Student’s Forum, Legal andHuman Rights Centre, Lifespark, Ligue desDroits de l’Homme, Ligue ivoirienne desDroits de l’Homme, Lutte Pour la Justice,City of Matera, MEDEL, Mothers AgainstDeath Penalty, Mouvement contre leRacisme et pour l’Amitié entre les Peuples,National Coalition to Abolish the DeathPenalty, National Lawyers Guild, NigerianHumanist Movement, Observatoire marocaindes prisons, Observatoire National desPrisons, Ordine Provinciale dei Medici-Chirurgi e degli odontoiatri di Firenze, Ordredes avocats du Barreau de Liège, Ordre desavocats des Hauts de Seine, Ordre desBarreaux francophones et germanophonesde Belgique, Organisation marocaine desdroits humains, Pacific Concerns ResourceCentre, Palestinian Centre for Human Rights,Pax Christi Uvira asbl, People of FaithAgainst the Death Penalty, Puerto RicanCoalition against the Death Penalty,RADHOMA, City of Reggio Emilia, Rightsand Democracy, ROTAB, Stop ChildExecutions, Union Chrétienne pour leProgrès et la Défense des Droits del’Homme, Unis pour l’abolition de la peine demort, US Human Rights Network, City ofVenice, Victorian Criminal Justice Coalition,Women's Information Consultative Center,World Organisation against Torture.[United States of America]In the United States 9 States carried outexecutions in 2008, taking the lives of 37 people(compared to 42 in 2007, 53 in 2006 and 60 in2005), therefore bringing the total number ofpeople executed since capital punishment wasreinstated in 1977 to 1,136.Further, between September 2007 and April 2008,there was a de facto moratorium in the UnitedStates following the seizure of the Supreme Courtto establish whether the practice of lethalinjection, used by 36 federal States, complied withthe Constitution or not. The Supreme Courtdecided that lethal injections did no break the 8thAmendment protecting citizens against any “crueland unusual punishment”. 37 executions then tookplace within 8 months, between May andDecember 2008.For the 2009 first semester, the USA have alreadyexecuted 35 people.On 18 May 2009, the State of New Mexico hasabolished the death penalty. It is the 15thabolitionist State in this country.[4] METHODS OF EXECUTIONSince 2000 the following methods have been used:• decapitation (Saudi Arabia);• electrocution (United States);• hanging (Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan,Pakistan, Singapore, …);• lethal injection (China, United States,Guatemala, Thailand);• execution by firing squad (Belarus, China,Somalia, Vietnam, …);• stoning (Afghanistan, Iran).[5] USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYAGAINST JUVENILE OFFENDERSInternational human rights treaties forbid the useof capital punishment for all those under 18 at thetime of the crime of which they are accused. Thisban is inscribed in the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, the American Conventionon Human Rights and the Convention on the Rightsof the Child.More than 100 countries which still uphold capitalpunishment for some crimes expressly forbid theexecution of juvenile offenders in their legislation,or should exclude this sort of execution as they areparty to one of other of these treaties. However, asmall number of countries continue to executejuvenile offenders.In 2007 a total of ten child offenders wereexecuted: eight in Iran, one in Saudi Arabia andone in Yemen. In 2008, at least 8 juveniles wereexecuted in Iran according to AmnestyInternational and at least 140 others were believedto be on death row. For the first semester of 2009,at least five juveniles have been executed: threein Iran and two in Saudi Arabia. In Sudan, four 17year olds are currently reported to be on trial foralleged participation in the Khartoum attacks,while one 17 year old and one reported 16 year oldwere sentenced to death in July and August 2008,according to the United Nations’ SpecialRapporteur on the situation of human rights inSudan.[6] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTSSUPPORTING ABOLITIONOne important aspect of the progress which hasbeen made recently is the adoption ofinternational treaties through which States pledgenot to use capital punishment:• Second Optional Protocol to theInternational Covenant on Civil and PoliticalRights, which aims to abolish the death penaltyand has been ratified by 71 States. 3 othercountries have signed the Protocol, therebysignalling their intention to become party to thisinstrument at a later date;• Protocol to the American Convention onHuman Rights on the abolition of the deathpenalty, which has been ratified by 11 States onthe American continent and signed by 2 others;• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for theProtection of Human Rights and FundamentalFreedoms (European Human Rights Convention)on the abolition of the death penalty, whichhas been ratified by 46 European States andsigned by one other;• Protocol No. 13 to the European HumanRights Convention concerning the abolition ofthe death penalty in all circumstances, whichas been ratified by 41 European States andsigned by 4 others.The object of Protocol No. 6 to the EuropeanHuman Rights Convention is the abolition of thedeath penalty in peace time whereas Protocol No.13 provides for the total abolition of the deathpenalty in all circumstances.The two other protocols provide for the totalabolition of capital punishment but gives Statesthe possibility, if they so wish, to use itexceptionally in times of war.[Source: Amnesty International http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty] [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Faits-et-chiffres-JM2009-EN.pdf ) [2754] => Array ( [objectID] => 4837 [title] => Sweden and Amnesty International raise death penalty issue in New York [timestamp] => 1254873600 [date] => 07/10/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/sweden-and-amnesty-international-raise-death-penalty-issue-in-new-york/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Upcoming United Nations resolutions for a moratorium on executions and progress towards abolition across Africa were among the subjects discussed on the fringe of the UN General Assembly in New York. [texte] => The Swedish presidency of the European Union and Amnesty International organised a public side-event to the United Nations’ General Assembly on September 25 at the International Peace Institute in New York.Sweden introduced the meeting as an opportunity to reflect on various ways of debating the death penalty issue across the world, as the General Assembly will be asked to vote on a resolution establishing a global moratorium on the death penalty in 2010 after similar votes in 2008 and 2007.Gunilla Carlsson, Sweden’s minister for international development cooperation, welcomed panellists from other abolitionist countries, including Rwanda and the Philippines.Carmen Hertz, director of human rights at the Chilean ministry of foreign affairs, announced that her country would soon repeal the last capital offenses listed in its military code following its ratification of the UN and American protocols on the abolition of the death penalty in 2008. She called on more states to ratify the UN protocol, in line with the World Coalition’s campaign in favour of that treaty.UN resolutions: “a trans-regional initiative”Discussing the previous UN General Assembly resolutions, she said: “The co-sponsors of the resolution came from every region in the world. It wasn’t a ‘European initiative’, as some countries tried in vain to characterise it. It was a trans-regional initiative, setting quite a remarkable example for other initiatives at the United Nations that have followed since.”Hertz called on all states to disclose information about their use of the death penalty as requested in the resolution. She encouraged renewed UN condemnations of group, public and juvenile offender executions. However, she said that those countries that still support the death penalty should “remain engaged in future negotiations”.The repeated moratorium votes at the UN’s General Assembly, which has now scheduled a resolution every two years, attracted the opposition of a group of retentionist countries. The Paul Rougeau Committee, a World Coalition member organisation, recently raised concerns that such debates may have “triggered a political and cultural conflict”. However, most other World Coalition members found that the retentionist movement had failed to maintain momentum and that the benefits of UN resolutions were higher than the risks they pose.African outlookCommissioner Catherine Dupe Atoki, of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights, gave the audience a comprehensive outlook of the death penalty situation in Africa. She recalled that the African Commission decided to set up a working group on the death penalty in 2005. As she was speaking in New York, the working group was hosting its first regional conference on the death penalty in Kigali.She concluded that the African Commission’s next priority would be to ensure that state parties adopt a protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the abolition of the death penalty. She added: “More attention should go to addressing the root causes of crime than to enlarging death row.”Also addressing the New York event, Elizabeth Zitrin (photo) of Death Penalty Focus in the US, representing the World Coalition, presented the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty. The congress will be held in Geneva between February 24-26, 2010. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Sweden [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2755] => Array ( [objectID] => 4838 [title] => Africa moving towards regional abolition treaty [timestamp] => 1254700800 [date] => 05/10/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/africa-moving-towards-regional-abolition-treaty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The African Commission on Human and People’s Rights organised its first regional conference on the death penalty in Africa in late September. [texte] => Around 60 government representatives, NGO activists, members of African Union institutions and academics met with the members of the African Commission’s Working Group on the death penalty in Kigali, Rwanda between September 23-25, 2009.For three days, the participants, who came from all over central, southern and eastern Africa, discussed the death penalty situation on the continent and avenues towards abolition.The prospect of an additional protocol to the African Charter of Human and People’s Rights was at the centre of the debate. Such a treaty would allow willing African states to use a regional piece of legislation as a tool on the way towards abolition and to create a movement that would attract other countries.Commissioner Slyvie Kaitesi Zaianabou, who chairs the Working Group, said that she would submit a draft protocol to African heads of state and government once she has discussed the issue with stakeholders at meetings such as the one held in Kigali.Acting African Commission chairman Tom Nyanduga Bahame called for the adoption of an African protocol on the abolition of the death penalty and referred to those already in existence at UN level and with the European Convention on Human Rights.A moratorium as a tool to fight the death penaltyKigali delegates also looked into the moratorium as a tool to fight the death penalty. Prof Carlson Anyangwe, a member of the African Commission’s Working Group on the death penalty, pointed out that a long-term moratorium is always at risk of being reversed by leaders interested in short-term political gains. “For example, Cameroon resumed executions after 11 years of moratorium and Libya after 23 years,” he said.“It appeared that a moratorium is an intermediate solution between abolition and the retention of the death penalty,” reported Fabien Safari Bahati, who represented Fiacat and the World Coalition at the Kigali conference. “One can regard the implementation of a moratorium as a step towards abolition.”The Kigali regional conference will be followed by a similar event focusing on West and North Africa at the beginning of 2010.“The views from participants to the conferences will be circulated widely among stakeholders, in particular member states of the African Union”, Commissioner Catherine Dupe Atoki told a recent meeting on the death penalty held on the fringe of the UN General Assembly in New York.Download the full report on the Kigali conference by Fiacat/World CoalitionPhoto (from left): Ms Silveira (Angola), Tom Nyanduga (African Commission), Ms Nguidjoi (Cameroon), Slyvie Kaitesi (African Commission) and Fabien Safari (Fiacat/World Coalition) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Rwanda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2756] => Array ( [objectID] => 4839 [title] => Brasilia accedes to the UN’s protocol on the abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1254182400 [date] => 29/09/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/brasilia-accedes-to-the-uns-protocol-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On September 25, Brazil became the 72nd state party to the international treaty that abolishes the death penalty without any possibility of reinstating it. [texte] => Brazil's permanent representative to the United Nations Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti (photo, left) has handed the UN the documents stating her country's accession to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.The South-American giant is the 72th state party to the treaty, which states: “No one within the jurisdiction of a State Party to the present Protocol shall be executed. Each State Party shall take all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty within its jurisdiction.”However, Brazil chose to express a reservation to its accession as permitted under article 2 of the text, which allows “the application of the death penalty in time of war pursuant to a conviction for a most serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime”.The Protocol does not offer state parties the possibility to opt out. It therefore makes the abolition of the death penalty final and definitive.On October 21, 2009, the World Coalition will lauch a campaign aiming to increase the number of ratifications of that key piece of international legislation.Photo: UN [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Brazil ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2757] => Array ( [objectID] => 4840 [title] => US activists turn spotlight on executed innocent man [timestamp] => 1254096000 [date] => 28/09/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/us-activists-turn-spotlight-on-executed-innocent-man/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An official report and a feature in the New Yorker have confirmed that Todd Willingham was not guilty of the arson for which he was executed. Abolitionist campaigners are now targeting his case. [texte] => Cameron Todd Willingham was executed on February 17, 2004 after being found guilty of starting the blaze that killed his three daughters in his home Corsicana, Texas, in 1991. Thanks to the work of investigative journalists and human rights activists, we now know that he was innocent of the crime for which he was put to death.And, as American abolitionists have been saying loud and clear, the death penalty does not allow any form of reparation for Willingham’s wrongful punishment.On September 7, 2009, the New Yorker magazine published an in-depth article on the case by journalist David Grann. Quoting three separate reports by respected fire experts, it showed that all the evidence used to support the arson accusation was flawed.As early as January 2004, fire scientist Gerald Hurst agreed to examine the evidence that led to Willingham’s convictions. He concluded that the investigation was based on “junk science” and wrote a report stating Willingham’s innocence. Grann established from several sources that the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles dismissed Hurst’s report without even looking at it. Governor Rick Perry also rejected Willingham’s application for clemency.“Scientific analysis of the blaze existed before his execution and was presented to the judge, to the Board of Pardons and Paroles and to the governor three days before his execution, but it did not change anything. Everybody knew he was probably innocent,” said Sandrine Ageorges, the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty's international representative.In December that year, the Chicago Tribune newspaper reported on the case as part of a series of articles on forensic errors. The newspaper hired an independent expert, who confirmed Willingham's innocence.Investigation “scientifically proven to be invalid”In 2005, the Innocence Project, a US NGO that specialises in exonerating victims of miscarriages of justice through advanced forensic techniques, asked five leading arson experts to review Willingham’s case and a similar fire tragedy in which a man named Ernest Ray Willis was also sentenced to death. They concluded that the blazes were “accidental” and that “each and every one of the indicators relied upon have since been scientifically proven to be invalid”. Willis was exonerated and released, having spent 17 years on death row.The Innocence Project sent the report to the Texas Forensic Science Commission in 2006. The Commission hired Craig Beyler, another renowned fire expert, to conduct a fresh review of the evidence. At the end of August 2009, Beyler handed in his report. He noted that “the investigators had poor understandings of fire science”. For example, they interpreted burn patterns on the floor as proof of the use of flammable liquid - a belief without scientific basis.The Texas Forensic Science Commission is expected to make its own recommendations in 2010. Willingham may be officially recognised as the first innocent person executed in the US, although Ageorges believes populist considerations are likely to block the decision. “It is an election year for some judges and for the governor,” she pointed out.October 1st update: Texas Governor Rick Perry has suddenly removed three members from the Commission. Its meeting scheduled for October 2nd, when it was supposed to receive Beyler's report, is cancelled. Its review of the Willingham case is put in jeopardy.“Shouting from the rooftops”The accumulation of information proving Willingham’s innocence has led US abolitionists to expose the case as a flagship argument in their campaign against capital punishment. “There can no longer be any doubt that an innocent person has been executed,” said Innocence Project Co-Director Barry Scheck. “The question now turns to how we can stop it from happening again.”The National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NCADP) has launched the “Shouting from the rooftops” campaign. Its aim is to inform the public that the existence of capital punishment can and does result in innocent citizens being put to death.According to NCADP, US Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia once wrote that there has not been “a single case - not one - in which it is clear that a person was executed for a crime he did not commit. If such an event had occurred in recent years, we would not have to hunt for it; the innocent's name would be shouted from the rooftops.”135 death row inmates exoneratedNow that Justice Scalia has been proved wrong, NCADP calls on the public to get informed, circulate information and publish internet videos in which they shout the name of Cameron Todd Willingham as well as those of Ruben Cantu, Carlos De Luna and Larry Griffin – all executed in the US despite evidence pointing to their innocence.In the US, campaigns such as the Innocence Project and Witness to Innocence have been highlighting the fact that “the American criminal justice system is failing to fulfill its highest duty: to protect innocent people from wrongful convictions and death sentences”.According to the Death Penalty Information Centre, 135 American death row inmates have been exonerated and freed since 1973. How many more were - or will be - executed before they could be proved innocent? [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2758] => Array ( [objectID] => 4841 [title] => African Commission urges Gaddafi not to kill Nigerian convicts [timestamp] => 1253404800 [date] => 20/09/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/african-commission-urges-gaddafi-not-to-kill-nigerian-convicts/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The African human rights watchdog has asked Libya not to execute 20 Nigerians on death row in the North African country after a Nigerian NGO highlighted their plight. [texte] => The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights has called on Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi (photo) to “suspend the carrying out of the death penalty” in the cases of around 20 Nigerian nationals sentenced to death in Libya.The Commission, which is the African Union-derived body in charge of enforcing the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, responded to a complaint by the Nigerian NGO Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) in a provisional measure signed on September 9, 2009.“I request Brother Leader to intervene in the matter with the view of preventing irreparable damage being caused to the victims while the African Commission inquires about the veracity of the Complaint. The appeal is particularly pertinent in respect of the imprisoned Nigerians, whom the Complainant alleges that they await the death penalty,” Bahame Tom Mukirya Nyanduga, the acting chairperson of the Commission, wrote to Gaddafi.He added that the Commission would examine the matter in detail during its next session in November and pointed to its recent resolution calling for a moratorium on executions.“Libya should show leadership and good example”Femi Falana , the lawyer who filed the complaint on behalf of SERAP, welcomed the Commission’s provisional measure. “As the current Chair of the African Union, Libya should now show leadership and good example by taking steps to immediately and fully implement the decision requiring it to stop the execution of the Nigerians on death row, and to uphold the resolutions on moratorium on executions adopted by both the African Commission and the UN General Assembly,” he told African media.In his complaint, Falana questioned the treatment of Nigerian nationals sentenced to death in Libya for crimes such as drug trafficking, murder and armed robbery. He especially doubts they had access to a fair trial as guaranteed by the African Charter on Human and People’s rights.Abike Dabiri-Erewa, a member of Nigeria’s House of Representatives, has also been intrumental in bringing the fate of Nigerian death row inmates in Libya to attention. According to the House Committee on the Diaspora, which he chairs, a total of 200 Nigerians have been sentenced to death in Libya and 40 of them have been executed. Dabiri-Erewa complained that the Nigerian government did not do enough to help them.Many migrants from Nigeria and other Sub-Saharan countries are on death row in North Africa and in Asia, most of them without assistance or attention from their home country.Amid efforts to improve his international image, Gaddafi released a group of Bulgarian medics sentenced to death in Libya in the wake of a campaign led by European authorities and activists in 2007.October 2nd update: in her submission to a side event to the UN General Assembly in New York on September 25, Catherine Dupe Atoki, a commissioner of the African Commission on Human and People's rights, said that Libya had accepted the Commission's request. “The Commission requested from the president of Libya a provisional measure to stay execution pending the determination of the communication,” her paper read. “Happily, the President obliged and for now there is a hold on the execution of the convicted persons.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Libya [1] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2759] => Array ( [objectID] => 4842 [title] => Japan executes mentally ill people and pushes prisoners over the edge [timestamp] => 1252627200 [date] => 11/09/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/japan-executes-mentally-ill-people-and-pushes-prisoners-over-the-edge/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Japanese government continues to execute prisoners with psychiatric illnesses and the conditions on death row provoke mental disorders among inmates, according to a new Amnesty International report. [texte] => The government of Japan continues to execute prisoners who are mentally ill, according to a new Amnesty International report.Hanging by a thread: mental health and the death penalty in Japan highlights five cases where mental illness has been reported, including two cases with extensive medical documentation. These prisoners remain on death row facing execution.The exact number of death row prisoners with mental illness is unknown. The secrecy around the death penalty and prisoners' health, combined with a lack of scrutiny by independent mental health experts, has led to reliance on secondary testimony and documentation to assess the mental state of those on death row.The government has a policy of not allowing access to prisoners on death row and denied Amnesty International’s request for access.Amnesty International’s report also emphasises that prison conditions need to be improved to prevent inmates from developing serious mental health problems while on death row.Japan has signed up to international standards that require that those with a serious mental illness be protected from the death penalty. The country is contravening those standards by its failure to prevent the execution of prisoners who are mentally ill.As of 3 September 2009, 102 people are on death row in Japan waiting to find out if their government will put them to death. For those who have completed the legal process, death could come at a few hours' notice. Each day could be their last.The arrival of a prison officer with a death warrant would signal their execution within hours. Some live like this year after year, sometimes for decades."Daily threat of imminent death""To allow a prisoner to live for prolonged periods under the daily threat of imminent death is cruel, inhuman and degrading," said James Welsh, Amnesty International’s Health Coordinator and lead author of the report. "Amnesty International’s studies around the world have shown that those suffering mental health problems are at particular risk of ending up on death row."Mental disorders can give rise to crimes, impair the ability of a defendant to participate in an effective legal defence, and are likely to play a significant role in the decision of prisoners to terminate appeals. In Japan, condemned inmates are also at risk of developing a serious mental illness while on death row."According to the report, Japan is breaching its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in its treatment of prisoners on death row. Conditions in prisons are harsh and prisoners on death row are especially vulnerable to developing mental health problems due to being imprisoned in isolation with little human contact.Amnesty International is concerned that prisoners are not allowed to talk to one another – a restriction enforced by strict isolation. Contact with family members, lawyers and others can be restricted to as little as five minutes at a time.Prisoners not allowed to move in the cell Apart from visits to the toilet, prisoners are not allowed to move around the cell and must remain seated. Death row prisoners are less likely than other prisoners to have access to fresh air and light and more likely to suffer additional punishments because of behaviour that may infringe the strict rules imposed on them."These inhuman conditions increase a prisoner’s anxiety and anguish and in many cases push prisoners over the edge and into a state of mental illness," said James Welsh.The report calls on the government of Japan to establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty. It also urges the government of Japan to review all cases where mental illness may be a relevant factor, to ensure that prisoners with mental illness are not executed and to improve conditions for prisoners so that prisoners will not suffer declining mental health or the development of serious mental illness.The report was released as Japan is preparing for a change of government after the victory of the liberal opposition over the outgoing conservative majority in a recent general election.Download the reportPhoto: Tokyo Detention House, one of seven locations in Japan where prisoners are executed. © Amnesty International [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2760] => Array ( [objectID] => 4843 [title] => Resumption of executions in Thailand criticised [timestamp] => 1251936000 [date] => 03/09/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/resumption-of-executions-in-thailand-criticised/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Thai government has attracted widespread condemnation from the global abolitionist movement after it had two drug traffickers executed. [texte] => The Thai government has attracted widespread condemnation from the global abolitionist movement after it had two drug traffickers executed.Bundit Jaroenwanit (45), and Jirawat Poompreuk (52) were executed in Bangkok’s Bang Kwang prison on August 24, 2009. They had been convicted of drug trafficking in March 2001.Those executions were the first in Thailand since 2003. They provoked reactions from several World Coalition member organizations. “ACAT-France regrets the resumption of executions in Thailand, at a time when there is a global trend in favour of the abolition of the death penalty”, the Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture said in a communiqué."A major step backwards"Donna Guest, Deputy Director of Amnesty International's Asia Pacific Programme, expressed a similar position: "As country after country abandons its use of judicial state killing, the resumption of executions in Thailand is a major step backwards," she said.In its communiqué, “ACAT-France calls on the Thai government to:- remove drug-related offences from the scope of the death penalty;- impose a moratorium on capital punishment and commute all death sentences, in accordance with resolution 63/430 adopted on December 18, 2008 by the United Nations’ General Assembly.”The Swedish presidency of the European Union also released a statement of protest. “The European Union regrets that the executions mark the end of a near six year-long de facto moratorium on the use of the death penalty in Thailand,” the statement read.Thailand was among the countries targeted in a joint campaign launched by several international human rights NGOs on June 26, 2009 to end the use of the death penalty in drug trafficking cases.Slideshow: corrections and execution facilities in Thailand [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2761] => Array ( [objectID] => 4844 [title] => Pardons and commutations in Nigeria [timestamp] => 1251504000 [date] => 29/08/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/pardons-and-commutations-in-nigeria/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Shortly after Kenya commuted thousands of death sentences, the Nigerian state of Lagos took similar steps and moved closer to abolition. [texte] => One of Nigeria's most influential states has taken an important step towards abolition of the death penalty by pardoning and releasing three condemned prisoners. A further 37 death row inmates in Lagos state had their sentences commuted, including 29 who will now face life imprisonment.Lagos State Governor Babatunde Fashola (photo) said he had granted the amnesty on "humanitarian grounds". He added that he wanted to give the prisoners "hope of changing their behaviours and [being] rehabilitated into society".While no death row prisoner from Lagos state has been executed for over ten years, death sentences continue to be imposed. The state will review its Criminal Code later this year."The state governor has removed the spectre of death hanging over his fellow citizens. Amnesty International welcomes this major step forward in the protection of human rights and commends the governor for showing human rights leadership on this issue. We encourage others to follow his example,” said Aster van Kregten, World Coalition member organisation Amnesty International's Nigeria researcher.In recent years, capital punishment has frequently been the subject of political debate in Nigeria. Two expert groups set up by former president Obasanjo – the National Study Group on Death Penalty (2004) and the Presidential Commission on Reform of the Administration of Justice (2007) – recommended a moratorium on executions. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria [1] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2762] => Array ( [objectID] => 4845 [title] => China acknowledges death row organ trafficking [timestamp] => 1251504000 [date] => 29/08/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/china-acknowledges-death-row-organ-trafficking/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition and its members have been criticizing illegal organ transplants after executions. Beijing promises to tackle the problem. [texte] => According the the Chinese government newspaper China Daily, two out of three organs transplanted in the country are taken from executed death row inmates – “definitely not a proper source for organ transplants”, Huang Jiefu, the vice-minister for health, told the paper on August 26.He added that some people just ignore legal procedures regarding organ donations from executed prisoners and make a fat profit.The official admission comes as the Chinese government and the Red Cross are launching an organ donation system to address the problem. The authorities estimate that only 1% of those Chinese patients who need a transplant receive it."His body was cremated and never returned"For more than one year, the World Coalition has been denouncing the large-scale organ trafficking network that feeds on China’s death row. In the lead up to the Beijing Olympics in 2008, the World Coalition printed in a public information leaflet: “Chinese citizens and foreigners alike allegedly pay large sums for these transplants. Although it cannot not be proved, organ removal probably occurs without the consent of families. For the past three years, Meng Shaoping has been fighting to find out what happened to the body of her son, executed in January 2005. After the execution, his body was cremated and never returned to his family. She believes that his organs might have been removed without her authorisation.”This year, the French organization Together Against the Death Penalty, a member of the World Coalition, filed a successful lawsuit against an anatomic exhibition in Paris. The event showcased actual human bodies, some of which were probably those of Chinese death row inmates. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2763] => Array ( [objectID] => 4846 [title] => 4,000 death sentences commuted in Kenya [timestamp] => 1249516800 [date] => 06/08/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/4000-death-sentences-commuted-in-kenya/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Kenya's president has commuted all death sentences in the country in the wake of legal challenges brought by local and international activists. [texte] => Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki (photo) decided to commute the sentences of the country's 4,000 death row inmates to life in prison on August 3, 2009. He cited the "undue mental anguish" suffered by those sentenced to death. A statement from the presidency added that strict death row rules barring inmates from working had led to "idleness and subsequent negative impact on prison discipline".Kenya carried out its last execution in 1987, but the courts kept handing down mandatory death sentences for armed robbery, murder and treason.Legal challenges to such mandatory use of capital punishment put pressure on Kibaki to go ahead with the commutations. Christian Lawyers for Justice (CLEAR), a Kenyan human rights organization, conducted litigation in three cases with support from the international Death Penalty Project.According to the Death Penalty Project, "a key underlying factor behind the decision to commute the sentences of all those on death row relates to the impact of these cases. Should the legal challenges have succeeded, and there is every indication that they would have done so, the government would have been faced with the unenviable task of holding individual sentence hearings for all 4,000-plus prisoners under sentence of death".Studies on the deterrent effect of the death penaltyKibaki has also asked his government to establish whether the death penalty is a deterrent in Kenya, where crime is rampant."This is a step forward for human rights in Kenya," said Piers Bannister, Amnesty International's expert on the death penalty. "We hope that the government studies ordered by the President will conclude that the death penalty does not have any unique deterrent effect, that it brutalises society and is often inflicted upon the innocent. The time has arrived for Kenya to join the majority of the world's countries and abolish the death penalty," he added. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kenya [1] => Kenya ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2764] => Array ( [objectID] => 4847 [title] => Japan executions slammed [timestamp] => 1248912000 [date] => 30/07/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/japan-executions-slammed/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Japanese authorities hanged three death row inmates on July 28, attracting criticism throughout Asia and beyond. [texte] => Two Japanese citizens were executed in Osaka and one Chinese national in Tokyo on July 28, 2009. The three convicted murderers had been on death row for two to three years.Those are the first executions in Japan since January 2009.World Coalition member organisations across Asia slammed the killings. "Center for Prisoners' Rights strongly condemns the barbarian killings conducted by the government of Japan, just after the dissolution of Diet on July 21, which means Justice Minister Eisuke Mori never directly faces the criticism made by Diet members who oppose the death penalty," wrote the Japanese human rights organisation's secretary general Maiko Tagusari.A parliamentary election scheduled for August is expected to yield a new government majority. The opposition Democratic Party, which is tipped to win the election, promised to open a "national debate" on the issue of the death penalty.Amnesty International's Japanese section said the executions were flying in the face of "international calls for the abolition of the death penalty".In India, Lawyers for Human rights International "condemns the execution" and calls on Japan to end "the barbaric practice of killing people".The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty and the Italian Coalition Against the Death Penalty also expressed shock at the three hangings.Center for Prisoners' Rights calls on members of the public to voice their opposition by writing to Minister Mori's office.email: webmaster@moj.go.jpFax: +81 475 26 0201Photo: Amnesty International protest against the death penalty in Asia - South Korea, October 2008 [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2765] => Array ( [objectID] => 4848 [title] => 7th World Day Against the Death Penalty: teaching abolition [timestamp] => 1248652800 [date] => 27/07/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/7th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-teaching-abolition/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/bfdc5b04f2090b1032da0c74dfb4f9e7_2.jpg [extrait] => On 10 October 2009, World Day Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty wishes to teach abolition to all citizens around the world, especially to teenagers aged 14 to 18. [texte] => Today, 139 countries from all regions of the world have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice and ‘only’ 25 countries carried out executions in 2008. According to Amnesty International, 93% of registered executions took place in five countries: China, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the United States.Future progress will mainly depend on the education our children receive as they are tomorrow's citizens, politicians, defendants, judges and lawyers. The world’s future is in their hands and it will be up to each and every one of them as adults to join the abolitionist family.By encouraging debates on the death penalty on 10 October, the members of the World Coalition would like pupils and students to understand the state of the world they are living in: the severity, sometimes the cruelty, but also the beauty of the human rights ideal. Our aim is for them to acquire fundamental knowledge and understand why the death penalty is an attack on basic rights.Two important toolsThe WCADP has created two major tools to help teach abolition:- a pedagogical guide to teach abolition offers activities for young people from 14 to 18 years old. It is available in English, French, Italian, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Russian and Spanish.- a Capital Punishment Curriculum for law schools' students. It is available in English, Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2766] => Array ( [objectID] => 4849 [title] => Fair and open investigation in Uyghur region [timestamp] => 1248134400 [date] => 21/07/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/fair-and-open-investigation-in-uyghur-region/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Following the death penalty threats issued against protestors in Xinjiang, the World Coalition calls on China to respect its international committments and to guarantee fair trials. [texte] => In a statement released on 21st July, the World Coalition said it was “seriously alarmed by the threat of death sentences made by Chinese officials in Urumqi following recent unrest” in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.According to the World Coalition, the threat “not only indicates the lack of rule of law in China but is also detrimental to the alleviation of tension between Han Chinese and Uyghur”.The statement also denounced the threat as a violation of China’s international commitments.The World Coalition called for an “open, independent, transparent, fair and impartial investigation following the recent reports of violence on the part of both demonstrators and security forces” and urged that all suspects receive a fair trial.It regretted that Chinese officials used the death penalty “as a means of governance and of suppressing the dissidents”.Download the statement (in English and in Chinese)Photo: Urumqi, 8 July2009, by Remko Tanis [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2767] => Array ( [objectID] => 4850 [title] => ICC paves the way for justice without killing [timestamp] => 1247875200 [date] => 18/07/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/icc-paves-the-way-for-justice-without-killing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The University of Kinshasa has hosted a conference on the theme of death penalty-free justice to celebrate the 11th anniversary of the Rome Statute, which established the International Criminal Court. [texte] => The ICC’s office in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Culture for Peace and Justice, a member of the World Coalition and founding member of the regional and national coalitions against the death penalty, welcomed several speakers and nearly 800 students for the event on 16 July 2009.Culture for Peace and Justice president Liévin Ngondji as well as National Assembly member Nyabirungu Mwene Songa and Senator She Okitundu, who sponsored abolition bills, discussed the decline of the death penalty in DRC since the country became party to the Rome Statute.They highlighted the incompatibility between the retention of the death penalty for some offenses and the fact that the ICC’s Statute, which does not provide for capital punishment for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocides is now part of Congolese law.Watch Prof Nyabirungu and Liévin Ngondji speak in the video below.A lively debate started on the compatibility between international norms such as the Rome Statute and the abolition of the death penalty and African specificities. Law professor Mamboyo, who described those norms as “white, European and racist”, attracted applause and leers in equal proportions.On the contrary, another law professor involved in the ongoing reform of the penal code, Raoul Kienge-Kienge, insisted that the sacred conception of human life developed in the constitution in force since 2006 “matches the African and animist conception of man and society”.DR Congo’s Minister for Human Rights Upio Kakura detailed the evolution of Congolese law in relation to the death penalty. In his view, although the constitution has not formally abolished capital punishment, “the handing down of death sentences has become unconstitutional” thanks to the article that guarantees the right to life.Paul Madidi, the ICC’s spokesman in DRC, gave an update on cases currently under investigation and highlighted Africa’s crucial role in the establishment of the Court. He reminded the audience that DR Congo’s ratification of the Rome Statute topped the 60-country threshold set to formally establish the ICC. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2768] => Array ( [objectID] => 4851 [title] => Madrid Declaration calls for immediate moratorium in Arab Countries [timestamp] => 1247702400 [date] => 16/07/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/madrid-declaration-calls-for-immediate-moratorium-in-arab-countries/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => National experts and civil society representatives from took part in a seminar in Madrid on 14 and 15 July 2009 at the invitation of Casa Arabe and the Spanish ministry for foreign affairs and cooperation. [texte] => The objective of the seminar was to call for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty leading to potential abolition in Middle Eastern and North African countries.Recalling the progresses already achieved at the recent conferences organized by World Coalition member organization Penal Reform International in Alexandria and Algiers, the participants adopted the Madrid Declaration.The declaration, while attesting the steady progress made in some Arab countries, encourages Arab countries to implement the UN General Assembly’s Resolutions 62/149 and 63/168 in favour of a moratorium and provides enlarged support for the forthcoming UNGA Resolution on the same issue in 2010.State secretary for international relations Angel Lossada introduced the seminar and described the ambition of the Spanish government to promote abolition in the world.Many members and affiliates of the World Coalition actively contributed to high-level debates.The coordinator of the World Coalition invited participants to take part in the 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty (24-26 February 2010), the best venue to further the debate and work on the forthcoming UNGA vote aiming at a worldwide moratorium. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2769] => Array ( [objectID] => 4852 [title] => Devising a strategy to support ratifications of the UN protocol [timestamp] => 1247184000 [date] => 10/07/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/devising-a-strategy-to-support-ratifications-of-the-un-protocol/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition organised a round table on action to be taken to support the ratification of the UN's protocol on the abolition of the death penalty, as part of International CURE's conference in Geneva in June. [texte] => The participants discussed several aspects of the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. Former Amnesty International France president Denys Robiliard insisted on the irrevocable nature of the treaty, which state parties cannot repeal. This makes it an important tool for the abolition of the death penalty.Nathalie Jeannin of FIACAT highlighted the role of the UN’s Human Rights Committee, which oversees the implementation of the protocol. “NGOs need the Committee’s final observations as much as the Committee needs the NGOs’ experience and field expertise to help follow up on its recommendations on the ground.” She recommended that the World Coalition works in close co-operation with the Committee.Terrorism and war-time crimesYevgeyni Zhovtis, who heads the Kazakhstan Bureau for Human Rights, told the participants about the death penalty situation in his country and its difficulties in ratifying the protocol. Recent constitutional reform reduced of capital offenses to terrorism and war-time crimes, while the only reservation allowed by the protocol concerns crimes committed during war time.Discussions with the public proved very interesting, with most participants asking: “Why have all abolitionist countries not yet ratified the protocol?”The World Coalition will have to answer this question in its upcoming ratification campaign. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kazakhstan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2770] => Array ( [objectID] => 4853 [title] => Paris activists lie down against US federal executions [timestamp] => 1247184000 [date] => 10/07/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/paris-activists-lie-down-against-us-federal-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ACAT-France and Amnesty International France staged their 9th “die-in” against the death penalty in the United States. [texte] => On 2 July 2009, members of ACAT-France and the French section of Amnesty International symbolically lied down on Place de la Concorde in Paris, a few steps away from the US embassy.The protest was staged to display solidarity with US abolitionists and to commemorate the Supreme Court’s decision to reinstate the death penalty on 2 July 1976 after a four-year moratorium.The demonstration received support from the World Coalition and many French-based anti-death penalty organizations* as well as exceptional backing from the Council of Europe.Calling for a strong move from Eric HolderACAT-France and Amnesty International France called US Attorney General Eric Holder to make a strong move by declaring a moratorium on federal executions, thereby comforting the new face the American administration wants to show the world.The organizations also asked him to support the federal abolition bill presented by Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold.While the US remains one of the five countries that carry out the largest number of executions in the world, the past few years have seen significant change. The number of death sentences is going down and some states have suspended executions.This year, New Mexico abolished the death penalty and eight other states introduced similar bills.More and more exonerations of death row inmates, visible instances of discrimination in the judicial system and studies into the prohibitive cost of the death penalty system in a crisis-stricken country have led many Americans to question the foundations of capital punishment – including some of its traditional supporters.In 2000, as Assistant Attorney General, Eric Holder said he favoured a moratorium on federal executions. He was reacting to the publication of a report showing that ethnic minorities were largely over-represented in federal capital cases.“I can't help but be both personally and professionally disturbed by the numbers that we discuss today”, he said then.In his new position as Attorney General, he has the power to request the death penalty against defendants accused of federal crimes, i.e. against the US government rather than a particular US state. The US President can pardon federal death row inmates.“If you were not here, I would not be free today”Paris activists staged their demands in a resolutely optimist way, showing the growing isolation of those states that still use the death penalty.Former Florida death row inmate Joaquín José Martinez (photo), who was exonerated and freed in 2001, shared an emotional testimony. He highlighted the importance of international activism.“This mobilization is the reason why I am free today and can speak in front of you”, he said. He added that is was crucial to support the growing number of people who are now questioning the death penalty in the US, from lawyers to judges, lawmakers and individuals. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France [1] => France [2] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions [1] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2771] => Array ( [objectID] => 4854 [title] => Death penalty and mental illness: “Double Tragedies” [timestamp] => 1246924800 [date] => 07/07/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-penalty-and-mental-illness-double-tragedies/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights and the National Alliance on Mental Illness slam the use of capital punishment against mentally ill people in the United States. [texte] => Double Tragedies, a report released on July 6 at the annual convention of the US National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), calls the death penalty “inappropriate and unwarranted” for people with severe mental disorders and “a distraction from problems within the mental health system that contributed or even directly led to tragic violence.”The report, which calls for treatment and prevention, not execution, is a joint project of NAMI and World Coalition member organisation Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights (MVFHR). It is based on extensive interviews with 21 family members from 10 states: California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Tennessee and Texas."All our families suffer"“Family opposition to the death penalty is grounded in personal tragedy,” said MVFHR executive director Renny Cushing. “In the public debate about the death penalty and how to respond in the aftermath of violent crime, these are the voices that need to be heard.”“Most people with mental illness are not violent,” said NAMI executive director Mike Fitzpatrick. “When violent tragedies occur they are exceptional—because something has gone terribly wrong, usually in the mental health care system. Tragedies are compounded and all our families suffer.”The report identifies an “intersection” of family concerns and makes four basic recommendations: Ban the death penalty for people with severe mental illnesses. Reform the mental health care system to focus on treatment and prevention. Recognize the needs of families of murder victims through rights to information and participation in criminal or mental health proceedings. Families of executed persons also should be recognized as victims and given the assistance due to any victims of traumatic loss.At least 100 people with mental illness have been put to death in the United States and hundreds more are awaiting execution. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness [1] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2772] => Array ( [objectID] => 4855 [title] => Debate on California executions turned into abolitionist rally [timestamp] => 1246665600 [date] => 04/07/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/debate-on-california-executions-turned-into-abolitionist-rally/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Hundreds of activists descended on Sacramento for a public review of the state’s lethal injection protocol, arguing that «the death penalty is killing California’s budget». [texte] => World Coalition member organisation Death Penalty Focus and the American Civil Liberties Union took advantage of a public hearing on California’s new lethal injection protocol to stage a successful protest against the death penalty on June 30.The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) invited submissions from the public on the proposed regulations, either in writing on during the public hearing.The CDCR received more than 5,000 letters and over 100 people spoke at the hearing – lawyers, doctors, exonerees, family members of victims, family members of the executed, ministers and priests. Only two of the speakers supported the death penalty.Bill Babbitt, of World Coalition member organisation Murder Victim’s Families for Human Rights, testified that the proposed protocol deals inappropriately with the family of the executed. Members of Death Penalty focus read the letters sent by other World Coalition members around the globe.All of the statements at the hearing and all of the letters must be reviewed by the state, and every point must be addressed in the final file, to be completed by May 1, 2010.Executions may only resume after the execution protocol is approved. There are more than 680 inmates on California’s death row – the largest number in the US.One billion dollarsA rally gathering hundreds of death penalty opponents accompanied the hearing on the steps of the Capitol, the seat of the governor. Death Penalty Focus president, actor and author Mike Farrell led the rally.Death Penalty Focus’s international co-ordinator Elizabeth Zitrin, said: “I led a small delegation to the office of the Governor, the Austrian-born movie star Arnold Schwarzenegger, to ask him to come outside to receive a check for one billion Dollars – the amount of money the state will save in 5 years if we abolish the death penalty now.” The state of California is facing a deep deficit.Schwarzenegger refused to meet the delegation, but its message went across thanks to the numerous journalists who covered the event.Watch video footage from June 30 below: [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2773] => Array ( [objectID] => 4856 [title] => The World Coalition’s AGM in pictures [timestamp] => 1246320000 [date] => 30/06/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-world-coalitions-agm-in-pictures/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Representatives from the World Coalition's member organisations gathered in Rome on June 13, 2009 for their annual meeting. [texte] => Watch the diaporama below to see them at work and click here to read about the meeting's agenda. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2774] => Array ( [objectID] => 4857 [title] => End the death penalty for drug-related offences [timestamp] => 1245974400 [date] => 26/06/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/end-the-death-penalty-for-drug-related-offences/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => June 26 is a world day of action against drugs. Several international NGOs have joined their voices to condemn the use of capital punishment against drug users and traffickers. [texte] => In the lead up to the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking ,the Anti Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), of which Amnesty International is a member, Human Rights Watch (HRW) and the International Harm Reduction Association (IHRA) have called upon governments in Asia to cease applying the death penalty for drug-related offences.In a joint statement, those organisations point the finger: "Sixteen countries in Asia apply the death penalty for drug-related offences. As many countries in the region do not make information on the death penalty available, it is impossible to calculate exactly how many drug-related death sentences are imposed. However, in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, reports indicate that a high proportion of death sentences are imposed upon those convicted of drug offences. ADPAN, HRW, and IHRA express particular concern that China, Indonesia, and Vietnam continue to execute individuals for drug offences."Death penalty "hindering public health programmes"The NGOs note that while the use of capital punishment cannot be related to any progress in the struggle against drugs, "draconian penalties for drug offences, including the death penalty, hinder public health programmes that reduce the harm drugs may cause to individual drug users, their loved ones, communities and states."They call on those governments to impose a moratorium on executions, remove drug-related offences from the list of capital crimes and publicise statistics on the death penalty.Photo: public notice in Laos, by Permanently Scatterbrained [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Indonesia [2] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2775] => Array ( [objectID] => 4858 [title] => Every voice counts to oppose the death penalty in California [timestamp] => 1245801600 [date] => 24/06/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/every-voice-counts-to-oppose-the-death-penalty-in-california/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Abolitionists are given a unique opportunity to voice their position as Californian authorities seek comments from the public on the review of the lethal injection process. [texte] => World Coalition member organization Death Penalty Focus is urging international abolitionists to seize the opportunity offered by the Californian government, which is welcoming comments from the public on a new lethal injection protocol.Any individual, whether inside or outside California and the US, may comment on any aspect of the proposed regulations published by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR).The CDCR is required by law to read and consider to every relevant comment.Death Penalty Focus has published a sample letter and analysis to help abolitionists address the proposed legislation.The organization encourages all abolitionists to send a submission, whether based on the template or written in their own words, by June 30 at 5pm, PDT. Submissions should be addressed by email, fax or mail to:Mr. Timothy LockwoodChief, Regulation and Policy Management BranchCalifornia Department of Corrections and RehabilitationP.O. Box 942883Sacramento, CA 94283-0001Email: rpmb@cdcr.ca.govFax: +1 916 255 5601Comments should note that they are regarding the proposed Amendments to Title 15, Article 7.5, Sections 3349 and include the sender’s name and address.Death Penalty Focus would be grateful if senders could send an email copy of their submission to EZITRIN@DeathPenalty.org.The organization will then organize a state-wide day of action in California on June 30 to highlight the demands made in its submissions to the CDCR. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2776] => Array ( [objectID] => 4859 [title] => Capital punishment now part of Togo’s history [timestamp] => 1245801600 [date] => 24/06/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/capital-punishment-now-part-of-togos-history/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Togo’s National Assembly passed a bill abolishing the death penalty on June 23, 2009. Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Zapatero, who was visiting the country, attended the parliamentary session to witness the event. [texte] => “The adopted legislation states that the death penalty is now abolished in our country and that crimes previously punished by death are now punishable by life in prison”, said Ganyo Gbeti, national coordinator of the African Forum Against the Death Penalty, a Togo-based World Coalition member organization.He is now awaiting the publication of the law in the official journal to make abolition effective.Togolese abolitionists have been fighting for the enactment of that bill since 2005. Gbeti himself acknowledges that it “has not been easy at all”.“At the beginning, the leaders in the regime did not want to hear about it. They were being picky”, he said. “Our lobbying work paid off, and the media mobilization that followed gave the coup de grâce.” On the day after abolition, he was gearing up to give yet another series of interviews – this time to celebrate victory.15 abolitionist countries in AfricaAmnesty International, another World Coalition member, welcomed Togo’s becoming the 15th abolitionist country on the continent. “Through today's vote, Togolese members of parliament have reinforced the trend towards abolishing the death penalty in Africa. Burundi adopted a new penal code in April 2009 which abolished the death penalty from the legislation. Several other countries, notably Mali, are reviewing their legislation and considering the possibility of removing any recourse to the death penalty”, the NGO said in a statement.Gbeti remarked that international pressure, including implication from World Coalition members, bore fruit.It is now his turn to support activists from retentionist countries: “I would like to seize this opportunity to encourage all abolitionists in countries where the death penalty is still in use. Don’t give up! Even if you are a minority in your country, keep up the fight!”, he wrote in a message to World Coalition members. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Togo [1] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2777] => Array ( [objectID] => 4860 [title] => Belarus moratorium a condition for closer ties with Europe [timestamp] => 1245715200 [date] => 23/06/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/belarus-moratorium-a-condition-for-closer-ties-with-europe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe has decided not to restore Belarus’s special guest status until the country establishes a moratorium on the death penalty. [texte] => The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) voted on June 23 to restore the “special guest” status of the Belarusian parliament only “after a moratorium on the execution of the death penalty is decreed” in Europe’s last retentionist.The special guest status would bring Belarus closer to becoming a member of the Council of Europe. It was granted in 1992, then suspended in 1997 in the absence of progress in the areas of democracy, human rights and the rule of law. The PACE’s political affairs committee had recommended its restoration on May 26 amid tensions surrounding Western Europe’s gas supplies from the region.The Council of Europe is a regional organization that comprises 47 countries and extends as far as Russia. Its mandate includes the defense of human rights across Europe and the abolition of the death penalty is an obligation to become a member state.World Coalition’s call answeredIn a letter sent on June 19 to the PACE’s rapporteur on the situation in Belarus, Andrea Rigoni, the World Coalition hailed “the important work of PACE and of the Council of Europe”, thanks to which “the European continent became the largest area in the world where death penalty is outlawed”.The World Coalition was “expecting official commitments by the Belarusian authorities aiming at abolition” in the wake of its improving relations with the Council of Europe, including an immediate moratorium on capital punishment.World Coalition member organisation Amnesty International launched a report and a campaign on the death penalty in Belarus in March, including an on-going postcard-sending effort aimed at president Lukashenko.There has been recent calls by international abolitionists to organise demonstrations and turn the spotlight on the country during the PACE’s plenary session. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => Belarus ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2778] => Array ( [objectID] => 4861 [title] => Joint Italian-Congolese effort against capital punishment [timestamp] => 1245110400 [date] => 16/06/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/joint-italian-congolese-effort-against-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => World Coalition member organisation Hands Off Cain has launched a campaign targeting DRC’s opinion leaders. The government regards the renovation of the prison system as a prerequisite for abolition. [texte] => The Italian NGO, Hands Off Cain, travelled to Kinshasa between June 11-14 to raise awareness about the abolition of the death penalty among the Democratic Republic of Congo’s politicians and journalists.A full day of debates at the house of parliament gave Congolese representatives an opportunity to reaffirm that their country was on the road to abolition and that a moratorium on executions would remain in place until the death penalty is finally repealed.The Italian senate’s vice-president and former EU Commissioner Emma Bonino called on the Congolese to adopt a “new method” bringing together the parliament, the government and civil society to “move from a de facto moratorium towards a legal moratorium and then to abolition”.The Democratic Republic of Congo has been observing a moratorium on executions as president Joseph Kabila systematically leaves pardon requests from death row inmates unanswered, which prevents their execution.Conflicting interpretations of the 2006 constitution have emerged as the text enshrines the “right to life” but does not formally abolish the death penalty.“In our opinion, our country is part of the abolitionist movement”, said human rights minister Upio Kakura Wapol during the conference organized by Hands Off Cain. He cited the constitution and recent legislation on sexual violence, which removed the death penalty for such crimes.“Responsible abolition”However, justice minister Luzolo Bambi warned that “responsible abolition” could only happen once the country’s prisons, which are in an “advanced state of disrepair”, are fit to offer alternative punishment. Watch his arguments in the video below.Liévin Ngondji, a long-time Congolese abolitionist and founding member of the World Coalition, also represented the Congolese and Great Lakes regional coalitions. In his reaction to the justice minister’s speech, he encouraged him to go further: “The minister is referring to the position expressed in a letter to the UN secretary general in 1999. Since then, the ministry of justice suspended the moratorium in 2002 and people were killed as late as 2003! There is no such thing as responsible abolition, there is only abolition”, Ngondji said.The ministers were followed by abolitionist parliamentarians from both countries (watch extracts from their speeches below).Radical Party MP and Hands Off Cain treasurer Elisabetta Zamparutti detailed her organization’s twin aims – to convince both political leaders and public opinion, through the media. She deemed the situation “ripe” for a decisive push in favour of abolition, because of the decreasing number of executions in Africa in general, and in DRC in particular, in recent years.Congolese MP Nyabirungu Mwene Songa and Senator Léonard She Okitundu, who have put forward bills to abolish the death penalty, agreed. Prof Nyabirungu, also a law lecturer, recommended an “accelerated movement” towards abolition while taking into account public opinion. In that respect, he added that everyone should feel concerned when it comes to the death penalty: “Even law-abiding citizens can be the victims of a miscarriage of justice”, he said.M. Okitundu said that “the constitution is abolitionist” and that all that was left to do was to bring penal law in line with it. In the short term, he asked the government to formalize the moratorium on executions legally and to support upcoming UN resolutions on that issue.Three days of training for 40 journalistsFollowing the parliamentary conference, Hands Off Cain and the National Union of Congolese Media organized a three-day workshop on abolition for around 40 Congolese journalists. The Italian government funded the seminar with support from Italy’s state television RAI.Oliviero Toscani, an Italian photographer and advertiser famous for his Benetton ad campaigns including the “We, on death row” series on US death row inmates, shared his experience of abolitionist media activism with the participants.Communication trainers also stepped in to help journalists understand the mental processes that lead people to value certain concepts such as the right to life. They then introduced them to techniques that favour the emergence of such attitudes among the public, including writing methods and keywords.The participants welcomed the abolitionist message: “As soon as tomorrow, you will hear about it on Kinshasa’s airwaves!”, one of them said. Those journalists who cover death penalty issues on a regular basis, especially court reporters, decided to form a network to monitor the progress of abolition collectively and exchange information on this question.However, they insisted that they would need additional resources to put together a formal abolitionist campaign as suggested by Hands Off Cain. “Writing slogans and creating materials would need a more developed partnership with our publishers”, several participants said. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [1] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2779] => Array ( [objectID] => 4862 [title] => Video: meet Taiwan’s anti-death penalty activists [timestamp] => 1245110400 [date] => 16/06/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/video-meet-taiwans-anti-death-penalty-activists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty has just released a clip presenting its work and the status of capital punishment in the country. [texte] => The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty has just released a clip presenting its work and the status of capital punishment in the country.The students who form TAEDP's volunteer video team have been releasing more and more videos, which they produce in their home country and during their trips in Asia. They publish their work online, in Chinese and in English.> Visit TAEDP's YouTube channel to watch more videos produced by the volunteer video team.Download the FIDH report mentioned in the video. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2780] => Array ( [objectID] => 4863 [title] => All roads lead to Rome for world abolitionists [timestamp] => 1244505600 [date] => 09/06/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/all-roads-lead-to-rome-for-world-abolitionists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Representatives from the World Coalition’s 88 member organizations will hold their AGM in Italy on June 13 to prepare future campaigns and listen to the testimony of a former death row inmate. [texte] => The Community of Sant’Egidio, one of the founding members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, has invited the Coalition’s 87 other members to its Rome headquarters on June 13.The World Coalition, which was formally incorporated as a French NGO in 2008, will hold its first annual general meeting as an independent organization in the Italian capital, where it was founded informally in 2002.The number of NGOs, trade unions, local authorities and bar associations involved has increased eight-fold between the two Rome meetings. The World Coalition hopes to reach 100 members covering 40 countries in 2009.Lobbying and teachingFollowing the campaign against the death penalty in China in the lead up to the Beijing Olympics, the focus on Asia for World Day Against the Death Penalty on 10 October 2008 and the successful co-ordination of lobbying efforts to secure a second UN General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on executions in November, World Coalition members are set to design fresh campaigns for the coming months.The title of the 2009 World Day will be “Teaching abolition”. Member organizations will target higher secondary school students by encouraging teachers to organize abolition-related activities. The World Coalition is putting together a pedagogical kit to help teachers in that task. Law school students are a secondary target group.Later this year, the World Coalition will also launch a campaign to encourage 10 target countries to ratify the UN’s Protocol to abolish the death penalty, which makes it illegal for state parties to ever reintroduce capital punishment.The World Coalition is already planning campaigns for 2010, including a World Day focus on the United States and participation to the drafting of the UN Secretary General’s report in preparation for a fresh UN General Assembly debate on the moratorium issue.The World Coalition’s upcoming activities will benefit from the renewed financial support of the European Commission, which has just awarded it a €782,000 pluri-annual grant.Workshops and public sessionDelegates attending the World Coalition’s AGM will be offered a choice of capacity-building workshops. They will have an opportunity to develop their core activists’ skills such as fundraising and lobbying.Other workshops will focus on more specific needs such as coalition building, in line with the World Coalition’s mandate to encourage the formation of national and regional networks of abolitionist organizations, and preparations for teaching activities on World Day 2009.The AGM will end with a public speaking event with former Florida death row prisoner Joaquín José Martínez. Martínez was sentenced to death after a botched trial and exonerated three years later when scientific evidence finally proved him innocent. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2781] => Array ( [objectID] => 4864 [title] => 200 executions in Texas under Rick Perry [timestamp] => 1244419200 [date] => 08/06/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/200-executions-in-texas-under-rick-perry/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On June 2, 2009, the 200th execution authorized by governor Rick Perry took place in Texas. Protests were scheduled from Huntsville to Paris to denounce the death penalty situation in the southern US state. [texte] => Terry Hankins was executed at the Huntsville, Texas penitentiary on June 2, 2009.Another killing by lethal injection, the execution was the 200th approved by Rick Perry, who succeeded George W. Bush as governor of Texas.Texas governors do not have the final word when it comes to executions. The law states that they can grant a 30-day stay on any execution warrant. But longer reprieves or commutations need to be approved by the Board of Pardons and Paroles. However, the governor can give the green light to an execution even if the Board recommended a stay or a commutation.Within the limited scope of his powers, Rick Perry has always gone for the strictest application of capital punishment.Number of death sentences halved in five yearsTexas is thus the US state with the largest number of executions, although the number of death sentences has gone down by 50% in the last five years, in line with the national trend.The current governor has also repeatedly defended Texas’s death penalty system, despite its many flaws.For example, strong arguments have been made that Texas wrongfully executed Cameron Willingham in 2004. His conviction was based on scientific evidence that was later proven to be inaccurate. This information was presented to Governor Perry before the scheduled execution but did not lead to a stay.Other death row inmates were cleared before their execution when their innocence was proven. Yet Rick Perry insisted in January 2009: “By and large, we have a system that is fair, that works well, that is open to correcting errors that are made.”He has been rejecting the arguments put forward by international abolitionists, whom he likened to 17th-century European colonists in comments made in 2007.Mentally ill inmates on death rowAccording to World Coalition member organization Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (TCADP), 12 inmates with strong claims of severe mental illness have been executed since 2001. Yet the US Supreme Court banned the execution of the mentally ill in a 2002 ruling.TCADP and Amnesty International USA organized a special 200-minute vigil on April 30 (photo above) and have released an organizing packet to help activists multiply activities on June 2. In addition, TCADP’s international branch called a protest on June 3 on Place de la Concorde in Paris, where the US embassy is located.The organization also calls on citizens to write a letter of protest to the US ambassador in their country. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Innocence [2] => Mental Illness ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2782] => Array ( [objectID] => 4865 [title] => Iranian World Coalition member receives Martin Ennals award [timestamp] => 1243036800 [date] => 23/05/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iranian-world-coalition-member-receives-martin-ennals-award/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A group of prestigious human rights organisations have chosen to honour Emad Baghi, the founder of the Association for the Right to Live. [texte] => Ten leading international human rights organisations have decided to give Iran's Emad Baghi the Martin Ennals Award. The award was designed to put threatened activists in the spotlight, thus improving their protection."This is an important prize, with regards to the organisations awarding it, and of course in my viewpoint the spiritual value of the prize is very high", Baghi told Worldcoalition.org.Baghi, a leading Iranian human rights defender based in Tehran. He founded the Society for the Defence of Prisoners’ Rights and the Association for the Right to Live, which is a member of the World Coalition.His campaigning includes a scholarly examination of Islamic law (shari`a) on the subject, in which he demonstrates the absence of any doctrinal requirement for maintaining capital punishment."The religious thought of the respective authorities must be changed and reformed.", Baghi explained. "To achieve this, we must produce a new and acknowledged interpretation of religion. This takes cultural work, activities, writing, discussing, etc. That is the way I have chosen", he added.Baghi’s inventory of death row prisoners in Iran, including juvenile offenders, has also been an important resource for UN human rights bodies as well as human rights groups outside the country.He recently took part in the drafting of a human rights charter and a statement against child executions supported by one of the candidates running in the upcoming Iranian presidential election.Four years in jailBaghi has spent four years in prison over the past decade for his campaigning against the death penalty and other rights activities. Currently out of jail, he still faces charges relating to his work for the defence of prisoners rights.Baghi suffers from serious heart and kidney ailments. In August 2008, physicians of the prison in which he was detained declared his condition critical.The Chairman of the Jury of the MEA, Hans Thoolen, described the laureate as “an exceptionally brave man defending human rights despite imprisonment and poor health”.The Martin Ennals Award, named after a British human rights activist, is awarded every year and comes with 20,000 Swiss francs in prize money.The members of the award jury are Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the International Federation of Human Rights, the World Organisation Against Torture, Front Line, the International Commission of Jurists, Human Rights First, the International Service for Human Rights, Diakonie Germany and Huridocs.Baghi received the Civil courage award from the Trustees of the Northcote Parkinson Fund in 2004, the Commission Nationale Consultative des Droit de l'Homme award in 2005 and the 2008 International Journalist of the Year prise from the British Press Awards. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2783] => Array ( [objectID] => 4866 [title] => World Coalition worried by the current situation in Iraq and Tibet (China) [timestamp] => 1242691200 [date] => 19/05/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-worried-by-the-current-situation-in-iraq-and-tibet-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Alerted by local members, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty recently sent protest letters to the Chinese and Iraqi authorities. [texte] => On 24 April 2009, the World Coalition sent an official letter to Chinese Minister for Justice Wu Aiying Buzhang and to President of the autonomous province of Tibet Qiangba Puncog Zhuren to protest against the death sentence pronounced against six Tibetans by the Municipal intermediary Court of Lhasa following the events of 14 March 2008.The World Coalition, while demanding the immediate adoption of a moratorium, recalled that no study could prove that Death Penalty is efficient against re-offence. On the contrary, it is proved that the death penalty is discriminatory and targets above all the poor, minorities and the members of certain racial, ethnic and religious communities.12 executions in IraqThe situation in Iraq is also very worrying. The World Coalition tried by all means to convince the Presidential Council not to sign execution warrants for 128 death row inmates Although a local member handed an official letter in person on 7 April 2009, the World Coalition could not prevent the execution of 12 persons. The World Coalition was shocked by such expeditive methods and contacted the European Union.The diplomatic chanceries of EU member states in Baghdad have been strongly mobilised in the field.The World Coalition has yet to receive an answer from either the Chinese or the Iraqi authorities and is exploring all means available to make its message and that of the world abolitionist community heard. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Iraq ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2784] => Array ( [objectID] => 4867 [title] => Global outrage at Iranian juvenile execution [timestamp] => 1241568000 [date] => 06/05/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/global-outrage-at-iranian-juvenile-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Human rights organisations and governments worldwide have slammed the Iranian authorities for the illegal execution of Delara Darabi, a young woman convicted of a murder committed when she was 17. [texte] => A deluge of criticism has been pouring on the Iranian government since Delara Darabi, 23, was hanged on May 1st after being found guilty of murdering a cousin when she was 17.Many World Coalition member organisations denounced the secret execution, which took place in violation of Iranian and international law.Iran is a state party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, both of which clearly ban executing offenders who were under 18 at the time of their crime.Moreover, the Iranian head of the judiciary granted Darabi a two-month stay of execution in the wake of international mobilisation on April 19.“A callous affront to basic human dignity”"It appears that Iran's head of Judiciary has no ability to control even his own judges," said Zama Coursen-Neff, deputy director of the children's rights division at Human Rights Watch. "This is an outrageous violation of Iranian as well as international human rights law, and a callous affront to basic human dignity."Amnesty International added that Darabi’s lawyer was not informed of the execution, despite the legal requirement that he should receive 48 hours’ notice. "This appears to have been a cynical move on the part of the authorities to avoid domestic and international protests, which might have saved Delara Darabi's life," said Hassiba Hadj Sahraoui, deputy director of the organisation’s Middle East and North Africa programme .Retracted confession and discarded material evidenceWhen a cousin of Darabi’s father was murdered six years ago, she and her boyfriend agreed that she would confess to the crime as her young age legally protected her from the death penalty. When it turned out that Iranian courts would ignore her juvenile status, she retracted her confession. Material evidence has since then emerged to prove that she is unlikely to be the murderer, but the courts always refused to consider it.The verdict “was based on a confession from a child that did not know her rights, and was not made aware of the consequences for taking the blame for a crime she says she did not commit”, said Nazanin Afshin-Jam, president of Stop Child Executions, another World Coalition member organisation.“Your departure from this temporary world we call Earth has emboldened and strengthened our fight to not only seek justice for the 140 children who remain on death row in Iran, but the 70 million captive citizens of Iran”, he added in an emotional posthumous address to Darabi.In several cities across the world including Paris, London and Bern, citizens came on Wednesday, May 6 to lay flowers and photographs of the young woman in front of Iranian diplomatic representations.Diplomatic presssureThe Czech presidency of the European Union “strongly condemned” the execution on May 2. “The Presidency of the European Union urgently calls on Iran to avoid any juvenile executions and to eliminate the death penalty for juveniles from its penal code. Such human rights violations erode the ground for understanding and mutual trust between Iran and the European Union”, the statement said.The French government soon followed suit and called on Iran to “establish a moratorium on executions with a view to eventually abolish the death penalty”.Iran executes more child offenders than any other country in the world. According to Stop Child Executions, two more juveniles are facing imminent execution.A recent report by the International Federation for Human Rights denounced Iran’s unclear legislation on child executions and stated: “The widespread practice in Iran is to keep a minor convicted of a capital crime in prison until s/he grows to the age of 18 and then execute him/her.”As the world prepares to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the World Coalition stressed that Iranian executions of juvenile offenders routinely violate an international treaty ratified by 193 of the United Nations’ 195 member states.The World Coalition will highlight the importance of the Convention on World Day Against the Death Penalty, October 10, 2009, as part of the event’s “Teaching Abolition” theme. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2785] => Array ( [objectID] => 4868 [title] => Burundi abolishes the death penalty [timestamp] => 1240963200 [date] => 29/04/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/burundi-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Burundi's new penal code, which abolishes the death penalty, was signed into law on April 22. ACAT-Burundi chairman Merius Rusumo recounts the campaign’s success. [texte] => Burundi’s president, Pierre Nkurunziza, signed the revised penal code into law on April 22. The new legislation abolishes the death penalty. Several World Coalition member organisations have welcomed this significant development in the African Great Lakes region, one of the key battlegrounds in the global struggle against capital punishment. However, they regretted that the very same revision of the penal code made homosexuality a criminal offence.ACAT-Burundi chairman Merius Rusumo (photo) took an active part in abolitionist efforts in his country. He tells us about the campaign’s success, in a country where ethnic Tutsis used to use the death penalty to enforce their domination on Hutus.What is now the exact status of the death penalty in Burundi?The amendment of the penal code, which was delayed because of the homosexuality issue, was promulgated by the president recently. We have not yet received the text, but it will be disseminated as a booklet. The death penalty is now regarded as repealed.Is this the end of your campaign on this issue?The issue is solved for open case. However, the death penalty had not been enforced in more than 15 years and those sentenced to death during that period are still in prison. The new legislation provides for a “softer” punishment for them, but that is vague. We are going to work on that issue.Since 2006, some death row inmates were released on “provisional bail” in a disorganised manner, without objective criteria. Others have seen their sentence commuted to 15- or 20-year prison terms. Nor the chairman of the provisional bail commission nor the chief prosecutor have any data on the number of people on provisional bail. We also need to list those people.What made the campaign by Burundi’s abolitionists successful?What worked was first and foremost our highlighting of human rights compliance issues.Unrest linked to the working of the administration and the judiciary has plagued Burundi since its independence.One ethnic group used to dominate the judiciary and handed down death sentences to crush the other. Death sentences were handed down in violation of due proceedings, especially the right to legal representation. Innocent people were condemned to death.Burundi’s current leaders, who belong to the formerly suppressed ethnic group, responded to the exposure of this reality in our reports and those by other organisations such as Avocats sans frontières. The country’s president himself was sentenced to death in absentia, without supporting evidence. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi [1] => Burundi ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2786] => Array ( [objectID] => 4869 [title] => Corpses of doubtful origin banned from Paris exhibition [timestamp] => 1240531200 [date] => 24/04/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/corpses-of-doubtful-origin-banned-from-paris-exhibition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Two French organisations have won a court case against an exhibition presenting human bodies likely to be those of executed Chinese citizens. [texte] => World Coalition member organisation Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) and human rights advocacy group Solidarité Chine have filed a successful lawsuit against the Paris exhibition Our body, à corps ouverts.A French judge ordered the self-styled “anatomic exhibition of real human bodies” to shut down. The event showcased dissected and artificially preserved Chinese-sourced corpses and organs and charged a 15-euro entry fee.ECPM and Solidarité Chine highlighted the bodies’ uncertain origin and suspected the may be those of executed death row inmates and dead prisoners. “Those bodies are all those of young, male Chinese nationals and show no signs of disease, which means that they are very unlikely to have died of natural causes”, the organisations wrote in a communiqué.“Don’t we know that in many cases, the relatives of those executed in China complain that they could not collect their relative’s body?” said Richard Sédillot, the organisations’ lawyer. “According to Chinese tradition, burying a deceased person is the most sacred act in family life. We can assume how the exhibition of bodies without a resting place may traumatise the affected families”, he added.Missing consentThe exhibition’s promoters said they obtained the corpses through a Hong-Kong based scientific foundation, but they failed to prove that the concerned persons had consented to having their body thus exhibited.The plaintiffs also demonstrated that Our body violated new French legislation on the respect of the human body, which came into effect in December 2008.Encore Events, the company behind the exhibition, contends that 30 million visitors attended similar exhibitions in numerous countries without raising any legal issues. Its representatives said there was a “mix-up” and appealed the decision. Another court will hear the case in a few days.“We are currently researching more evidence and case law to demonstrate that we had the right to take legal action”, said Hélène Labbouz, a member of the ECPM team working on the case.In 2008, the World Coalition targeted China in a campaign highlighting trafficking linked to the bodies of the executed and the authorities' lack of transparency on the death penalty.May 5 update:The Paris Appeals Court confirmed the first ruling, upholding the ban on the exhibition. Its decision read: "Encore Events did not produce proof, as it ought to, of the lawful and non-fraudulent origin of the bodies and of the existence of authorised consent." The exhibition's promoter said he intended to take the case to a higher court. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => France [2] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2787] => Array ( [objectID] => 4870 [title] => Amnesty charts death penalty world map and vows to remove Belarus from it [timestamp] => 1237939200 [date] => 25/03/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/amnesty-charts-death-penalty-world-map-and-vows-to-remove-belarus-from-it/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => World Coalition member Amnesty International has released its annual statistics on the death penalty and launched a campaign against capital punishment in Belarus. [texte] => According to AI's figures, at least at least 2,390 people were known to have been executed in 25 countries around the world in 2008. However, actual figures are believed to be much higher because of the secrecy surrounding the death penalty in countries such as China, Belarus, Mongolia and North Korea.AI estimates that at least 8,864 people were sentenced to death in 52 countries last year.Geographically, the pattern observed in the past remains the same: the vast majority of executions are carried out in Asia – chiefly in China –, followed by the Middle East.As in previous years, the five countries with the heaviest use of the death penalty in 2008 were China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the US. They accounted for 93% of worldwide known executions.The last country in Europe to carry out executionsAs its released its annual statistics, the organisation chose to focus attention on Belarus – “the last country in Europe and in the former Soviet Union that is still carrying out executions”, according to a report compiled by AI with assistance from the Belarusian Helsinki Committee and other local human rights activists. The study was launched at a press conference in Minsk on March 24.Amnesty International researcher for Europe and Central Asia Heather McGill travelled to Minsk for the event. “The press conference was very well attended by independent media, but no representatives of government media attended. In a country where only two independent newspapers can actually be distributed officially this means that our coverage is significantly limited”, she said.Although the presidential administration did not meet the delegation, representatives from the ministries of justice and foreign affairs did. “This is the second time that we have meet representatives of the ministry of justice and we are glad that this dialogue continues”, said Heather McGill.Four executions were reported in Belarus in 2008. Yet AI believes that the country is ready to abolish capital punishment, as its authorities have repeatedly promised to do in the past years.The Constitutional Court recommended abolition or a moratorium in 2004, legislative reforms have reduced the scope of the death penalty and the number of executions has been decreasing steadily. This points to “an irreversible [process of] movement towards gradual rejection of the death penalty”, according to the Belarusian deputy minister of the interior, quoted in the report.Both the Council of Europe and the European Union have made the abolition of capital punishment a condition of closer ties with Minsk – a pressure that could prove crucial in times of economic crisis.Bodies disposed of secretlyTo encourage Belarusian President Alyaksandr Lukashenka to make the final step and end the use of such a cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment, AI calls on members of the public to send him a postcard urging him to establish a moratorium on all death sentences and executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty and to commute existing death sentences.The postcard is illustrated with a picture of a prisoner about to be shot in the back of the head, the method of execution used in Belarus.According to Colonel Oleg Alkaev, who managed a death row prison in Minsk and ordered a number of executions, the bodies of the executed are then disposed of secretly and their families do not know where they are buried.Watch Colonel Alkaev's testimony below, as recorded by AI.Click here to download AI's death penalty statisticsClick here to download AI's Belarus report and to support the campaign [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belarus [1] => Belarus [2] => China [3] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4] => Pakistan [5] => Saudi Arabia [6] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2788] => Array ( [objectID] => 4871 [title] => Is the death penalty a cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment under international law? [timestamp] => 1237507200 [date] => 20/03/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/is-the-death-penalty-a-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-punishment-under-international-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Special Rapporteur Manfred Nowak raised the issue at the UN's Human Rights Council, triggering a debate in which World Coalition member organisations had their say. [texte] => The United Nations's special rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak, caused a stir at the tenth session of the UN's Human Rights Council by releasing a report in which he recommended investigating whether the death penalty was a cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment.“The differing views reached by the Human Rights Committee and other authorities in grappling with the question whether detention on death row and if various methods of execution are compatible with the right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment suggest the need for a different, more fundamental approach to the matter”, he wrote.A parallel between capital and corporal punishmentHis report draws a parallel with corporal punishment, deemed acceptable a few decades ago and now banned in international law.While he acknowledged that the death penalty is not currently banned by global treaties, he suggested that a “more comprehensive legal study” be carried out to take modern interpretations of the law into account.“I proposed to interpret the death penalty in light of the present-day understanding of 'cruel, unusual or degrading treatment and punishment',” he explained when he presented his report on March 12, 2009, adding that that notion “has been evolving”.Two World Coalition member organisations with consultative status at the UN welcomed the report. In a statement on behalf of the World Coalition, the International Federation of ACATs (FIACAT) said the death penalty “should be banned in international law and opposed by all means”. It urged the Human Rights Council to go ahead with the comprehensive legal study suggested by the rapporteur (watch the video).World Coalition members Penal Reform International, National Coalition for the Abolition of the Death Penalty, National Association of Criminal Lawyers and Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights co-signed the statement.In a joint statement delivered during the interactive dialogue with the rapporteur, the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) and FIACAT also said that the World Coalition “considers capital punishment as a form of cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment” (watch the video).Egypt leads the criticsHowever, several retentionist states reacted strongly to the report. “The rapporteur had no mandate to address the death penalty”, said Egyptian delegate Amr Roshdy Hassan. He called for a vote on the death penalty section of the report.“Such reports are usually adopted by consensus”, explained Nathalie Jeannin, FIACAT's UN Programme officer in Geneva. “Will there be enough negotiation to achieve this, or will they ask for a formal vote? We will see on March 26 and 27.”Beyond the plan for a legal study on the death penalty supported by the World Coalition, some abolitionist organisations would like to see the Human Rights Council address the issue of capital punishment more directly. Others think that the best forum to debate this issue is the UN General Assembly, which adopted two resolutions calling for a moratorium on executions.March 31, 2009 update :The Human Rights Council adopted its 10th session's "torture" resolution on March 27 after a vote, as requested by Egypt. The text states that the members of the Council merely acknowledge Manfred Nowak's report.The section acknowledging the report was adopted with 27 votes in favour, 10 against and 10 abstentions. The overall resolution was adopted with 34 votes in favour and 13 against.Click below to download the Nowak report in the language of your choiceFrench English Russian Spanish Chinese Arabic [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2789] => Array ( [objectID] => 4872 [title] => Abolition in New Mexico hailed around the world [timestamp] => 1237420800 [date] => 19/03/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-in-new-mexico-hailed-around-the-world/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => New Mexico's governor Bill Richardson signed the repeal of the death penalty in to law on March 18, 2009, attracting praise from the global abolitionist community. [texte] => The legislation is the result of a bi-partisan initiative in the state's legislature and means that New Mexico became the 15th US state to abolish the death penalty.Richardson described the move as “the most difficult decision in [his] political career”. He said: “I do not have confidence in the criminal justice system as it currently operates to be the final arbiter when it comes to who lives and who dies for their crime.”US-based World Coalition member organisation Death Penalty Focus immediately congratulated the New Mexican authorities. “Governor Bill Richardson is a courageous and thoughtful leader who has recognized that the death penalty is an ineffective and costly response to violent crime”, said its executive director, Lance Lindsey.The Community of Sant'Egidio, another World Coalition member based in Italy, invited Richardson to a special ceremony in Rome with the city's mayor, Gianni Alemanno, during which the Colosseum will be illuminated to celebrate abolition in New Mexico.“New Mexico will have a very special impact far beyond the United States by taking a courageous decision that has a universal, positive, and contagious value”, Sant'Egidio's spokersperson Mario Marazziti wrote in a letter to Richardson.More than 7,000 submissions in favour of repealAnti-death penalty activists, both in formal organisations and as individual citizens, had a key input in the governor's decision. His office reported that 9,413 New Mexicans had called, emailed or walked in to give their opinion on the proposed legislation. Of those, 7,169 supported repeal of the death penalty. Many murder victims' families also testified in favour of ending capital punishment.Attention will now focus to other US states, 10 of which have considered similar measures in the pas year.Since New Jersey abolished the death penalty in 2007, far-reaching commissions have recommended a similar course of action in California and Maryland. Parliamentarians are considering an abolition bill in Montana, where the World Coalition have been urging the governor and the Canadian authorities to prevent the execution a Canadian national on death row for more than 25 years.April 22 update:To find out more, read the blog posts written in Rome on April 14 and April 15 by US abolitionist Elizabeth Zitrin. Her organisation, Death Penalty Focus, will in turn honour Bill Richardson and the New Mexico Coalition for the Repeal of the Death Penalty's executive director Viki Elkey at its annual awards dinner in Los Angeles on May 19. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2790] => Array ( [objectID] => 4873 [title] => World Coalition calls on Canada to keep up its efforts against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1236643200 [date] => 10/03/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-calls-on-canada-to-keep-up-its-efforts-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition has sent a letter to Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, asking him to “protect its nationals sentenced to death abroad, whether it is in a democratic country or not”. [texte] => On 4 March 2009, Canada's Federal Court ordered the government to continue diplomatic action in favour of Ronald Smith, the only Canadian national on death row in the US (photo).The Harper government decided to stop lobbying for the revision of Ronald Smith's death sentence in November 2007. The court found that reversal to be “arbitrary and unlawful” and is “ordering the government to continue to apply the former policy of supporting clemency on behalf of Canadians facing the death penalty in any foreign state to Mr. Smith”.In its letter to the prime minister, the World Coalition highlighted Canada's efforts to oppose the death penalty internationally and the support lent to Ronald Smith over the past 25 years. It also stated that “such a long humanist tradition should not be questioned”.Beyond the Ronald Smith case and the Canadian position, the World Coalition also intends to send a warning signal to abolitionist countries that might consider the struggle against the death penalty as a thing of the past.April 3, 2009 update: The World Coalition also wrote to Montana's governor Brian Schweitzer at the end of March to welcome and encourage the progress made on the path to abolition in the state's legislature.Senators recently approved the replacement of the death penalty with life witout parole and the House Judiciary Committee has given the green light to a representatives' vote on the bill. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Canada [1] => Canada [2] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2791] => Array ( [objectID] => 4874 [title] => E Book review: a guidebook to the death penalty in Asia [timestamp] => 1236643200 [date] => 10/03/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/e-book-review-a-guidebook-to-the-death-penalty-in-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A new, authoritative study sheds a new light on capital punishment across Asia and may help abolitionists enhance their strategies. [texte] => The Next Frontier is a study of the death penalty in Asia. The title derives from the belief of the authors that "Asia is the next frontier in the two century debate about state execution as a criminal punishment."The basis for the identification is that 60 per cent of the world's population and 90 per cent of the world's executions are located here.The methodology employed in the book is the quantification of aspects of the death penalty on a regional and temporal scale, though data in the region is sometimes unreliable, if not deliberately falsified.The authors thus succeed in making some sense of the dark secrets of China's practice by substituting words such as "little", "much" or "more", presenting us with tentative alternatives for interpretation until more data becomes available.The Next Frontier is a handbook that contains an immense amount of data on the death penalty in Asia, for the most part updated to 2008, making it an essential reference work.For whom? Well, no doubt for scholars on the subject. But the clear and accessible style makes it useful to all those concerned with the death penalty, especially those in government, legal personnel and above all activists engaged in the struggle to banish the death penalty.A Philippine lawyer involved with an association representing relatives of the condemned told me of the interest of those with little formal education who were motivated to consult and use, on their own initiative, even scholarly works on the death penalty. The present work can add to the armoury of such persons.“Only authoritarian governments use execution with any frequency"From the beginning the authors assert their thesis that the death penalty has "little or no importance for crime control", and that levels of execution depend on the nature of political regimes: "Only authoritarian governments use execution with any frequency."The book's first part considers "Issues and Methods", providing an overall survey of the extent and practice of capital punishment in Asia.A second part consists of "National Profiles" on the death penalty in Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan and China. A final section draws lessons from the case studies and comments on the pace of change and prospects for abolition in the region.Shorter summaries of the death penalty in seven Asian countries and autonomous regions are consigned to appendices, as is a discussion of extrajudicial killings.The index most used by the authors to assess the practice of capital punishment is the annual rate of execution per million inhabitants of a country. The index allows comparison between countries and over time, allowing, for example, miniscule Singapore to be dragged to the dock and indicted next to China, the world's recognised arch-executioner.A central table in The Next Frontier displays practicing countries in a format that greatly aids interpretation: 14 nations are classified into four categories: Operational (higher than one per million), Exceptional (higher than one per ten million), Nominal (higher than one per 25 million), and Symbolic (less than one per 25 million).The categorisation provides an invaluable tool for the planning of strategies for abolition and in measuring progress.The authors rightly reject the obfuscation of "Asian values". However, a revealing remark in one footnote, in reference to India, rather circumspectly concedes the possibility that it might be necessary to abandon the methods of statistical social science in favour of the more primitive techniques of the narrative historian.Cultural and religious motivationsBut for those lobbying for abolition of the death penalty, we need to understand and foster motivation that is likely to be cultural or religious in nature.The authors relate the Buddhist motivation of Seiken Sugiura, who as minister of justice in Japan refused to authorise any death warrant, and the influence of Korean presidents who had themselves experienced the death sentence.The authors are greatly optimistic for future progress towards abolition in the Asian region. While truculent Singapore continues to beat the drum of an exclusive right to execute as many of its own citizens (and unfortunate foreigners) as it deems necessary, the view to the East in general is bright.The number of executions is declining steadily, even in China. South Korea has breached the landmark of a 10-year moratorium and seems likely to become a regional leader in abolition. Taiwan may be next, and Japan too is showing a positive long-term tendency.Taiwan and Malaysia have moved into the category of "symbolic" executions. Vietnam and China have declared their intention of eventual abolition. Most difficult of all is to estimate the rate of progress.On the road to ending capital punishment The Next Frontier will be a valuable vade mecum. One may confidently expect that future editions will update and track progress to restrict the frontier and to lead to its rapid disappearance.The Next Frontier: National Development, Political Change and the Death Penalty in Asia, by David T. Johnson and Franklin E. Zimring, Oxford University Press, 544 pp, $35.Click here for options to buy the book online [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Japan [2] => Philippines [3] => Republic of Korea [4] => Taiwan [5] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2792] => Array ( [objectID] => 4875 [title] => Abolition of death penalty is now complete in Italy [timestamp] => 1236124800 [date] => 04/03/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-of-death-penalty-is-now-complete-in-italy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Italy became the 41st state to ratify the 13th Protocol to the European Convention for Human Rights on 3 March 2009. [texte] => This treaty prohibits capital punishment under any circumstances, not only in peace time, but also during war time.Only Azerbaijan and Russia have not signed it. Austria, Spain, Latvia and Poland have signed it but not ratified it.In 1995, Italy ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Politic Rights, which abolishes the death penalty for ever: state parties are not allowed to denounce that protocol.Among the six countries which are not parties to the 13th Protocol, three are nevertheless parties to the Second Optional Protocol.The World Coalition especially encourages Latvia to sign it and Poland to ratify it. Russia has not yet ratified the 6th Protocol, which abolishes the death penalty in times of peace .Death penalty is now abolished in the Italy, for every crime, under any circumstances, including war, and for ever.Click here to read an analysis of Italy's ratification by Elizabeth Zitrin, international coordinator of Death Penalty Focus, a US-based member organisation of the World Coalition [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2793] => Array ( [objectID] => 4876 [title] => Nicaragua makes abolition irreversible [timestamp] => 1236124800 [date] => 04/03/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/nicaragua-makes-abolition-irreversible/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Nicaragua became the 71th state to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant for Civil and Politic Rights on 25 February 2009. [texte] => The abolition of the death penalty thus became irreversible in the Central American country, 19 years after its government signed the treaty.This ratification is not a big change in itself as the death penalty was last applied in 1930 and was abolished for all crimes in 1979. However, the 1987 National Constitution states, in its article 23, that “the right to life is inviolable and inherent to the human person. In Nicaragua there is no death penalty”.The wording is clear, the terms are strong. It is not only a repeal of the death penalty, but also a rejection of its existence.Why, then, did it take 19 years for Nicaragua to ratify this protocol signed in 1990? There seems to be no reason, except that it was not a priority issue in the country and it had not much support from local organizations.The Second Optional Protocol is a universal instrument, adopted by the UN's General Assembly. It is open to ratification by every country since 15 December 1989.It is the only universal treaty prohibiting executions and providing total abolition of death penalty.Total and irreversible abolition of the death penaltyThe ratification of the Second Optional Protocol is one more proof of the general trend for a universal abolition of the capital punishment. The World Coalition supports an increase in the number of protocol ratifications. Abolition is no longer sufficient. It must be irreversible.The ratification seems to be a mere formality but it is, in fact, a real warranty, an “international bolt on the door”, as lawyer and former president of Amnesty International's French section Denys Robiliard explained.By ratifying this protocol, Nicaragua’s governments will never again be able to reintroduce the death penalty, by any means. As more states ratify the Second Optional Protocol, the death penalty edges closer towards definitive abolition.Nicaragua has also ratified the Convention Against Torture, the Children’s Rights Convention and the Protocol of the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nicaragua [1] => Nicaragua ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2794] => Array ( [objectID] => 4877 [title] => Saudi Arabia slammed over child executions, discrimination [timestamp] => 1235174400 [date] => 21/02/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/saudi-arabia-slammed-over-child-executions-discrimination/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => United Nations agencies, governments and NGOs criticised Saudi Arabia's death penalty record at the UN's universal periodic review of human rights. [texte] => The universal periodic review (UPR), which examines the human rights situation of every UN member state every four years, focused on Saudi Arabia on February 6, 2009. UN agencies, NGOs and representatives from other member states pointed out serious death penalty issues in the review.The case of juvenile offenders featured prominently in the criticism levelled at the Saudi government. The UN's Committee on the Rights of the Child “urged Saudi Arabia to critically review its legislation with a view to abolishing the imposition of capital and corporal punishment on persons having committed crimes when under 18 years of age”.Several human rights organisations, including World Coalition members Amnesty International (AI) and Human Rights Watch, called on the kingdom to end child executions, too.They also criticised the wide scope of capital crimes, “including non-violent offences”, and the unfair administration of the death penalty, citing a bias against foreigners and women.The UN's Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions reported “cases where death sentences have been passed based on confessions obtained under torture, and in criminal proceedings falling short of international fair trial standards”.“AI recommended to the government to declare a moratorium on executions, review the cases of all prisoners currently under sentence of death with the aim of commuting their sentences or offering them a new and fair trial without resort to the death penalty and bring the law and judicial practices into line with fair trial guarantees in international standards”, the UN submissions summary read.Saudi delegation rejects international recommendationsIn the draft report released after the review, the representatives of several UN member states called on Saudi Arabia to clean up its act. Italy, Mexico, Switzerland and Sweden demanded a complete moratorium on executions in the kingdom.New Zealand asked Saudi Arabia to “protect the rights of those facing the death penalty, including through strengthened application of international safeguards in the use of the death penalty”.The UK, Germany and Austria specifically called for the end of child executions.The Saudi delegation to the UN made no mention of the death penalty in the national report submitted before the review. In its first reaction to the recommendations, it rejected all the demands made by other member states in relation to the death penalty, arguing that “they do not conform to its existing laws, pledges, commitments or do not refer to existing practices in Saudi Arabia”.According to AI figures, the kingdom ranked third in the world for the number of known executions in 2007. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2795] => Array ( [objectID] => 4878 [title] => Indonesian activists face upward death penalty trend [timestamp] => 1234224000 [date] => 10/02/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/indonesian-activists-face-upward-death-penalty-trend/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Indonesia-based researcher Dave McRae finds that a core group of abolitionists are battling a rise in the number of executions, death sentences and death row inmates in the country. [texte] => The year 2008 was a dismal one for opponents of the death penalty in Indonesia. At least ten people were executed, almost equalling the number of executions in Indonesia during the preceding decade, and the Constitutional Court rejected a challenge to the method of execution. Despite those setbacks, a small group of dedicated Indonesian abolitionists keep up their campaign.Some recent capital cases have attracted widespread protest in Indonesia. Demonstrations and media controversy preceded the executions of three of the Bali bombers in 2008 and those of three Catholic men in 2006 in connection with the Poso conflict. However, most opposition derived from the specific background of those cases rather than from a rejection of the death penalty.Yet a small but committed abolitionist movement is working to end capital punishment in Indonesia. It centres on human rights NGOs, religious figures and certain academics.“We had hoped that after the reform movement in 1998 it would be easy to get rid of the death penalty,” Rusdi Marpaung, managing director of Imparsial and a member of the Coalition for the Abolition of the Death Penalty, said recently. “But it didn't turn out to be the case. The Criminal Code left by the Dutch remained in place.”Failed legal challenges to capital punishmentTwo setbacks in the Constitutional Court have left the abolitionist movement with few options.In 2008, the Court unanimously upheld the constitutionality of execution by firing squad. Lawyers acting for the Bali bombers had charged that it did not guarantee instant death, and so amounted to torture. In rejecting the challenge, the Court agreed with the government's argument that the pain caused by execution was merely an inevitable by-product of the lawful act of executing a prisoner.In 2007, the Constitutional Court rejected a challenge to the death penalty in narcotics cases brought by three Australians sentenced to death for drug offences and two Indonesian applicants.The Court reasoned that while the Indonesian constitution guarantees the right to life, it also restricts an individual's rights to protect the rights of others. The Court ruled that such restrictions apply to drug-trafficking offences.Three of the nine justices filed dissenting opinions on the constitutionality of the death penalty. But only one of these judges is still on the court today.Revisions to the Criminal CodeActivists could also lobby for the death penalty to be abolished as part of ongoing revisions to the Criminal Code. Here, too, the prospects are poor.Two members of the drafting team for the new law testified in the Constitutional Court that they had decided to retain the death penalty for the same offences to which it currently applies.One key change that the drafters did say will be included in the new code is that judges will be able to set a 10-year probation period as part of a death sentence, after which the sentence would either be commuted or carried out based on the behaviour of the prisoner in the intervening period. Any such change must still be debated by the parliament.Support for the death penaltyThe death penalty appears to enjoy widespread support in Indonesia, both in government ranks and among the general public. Media polls typically show around 75 per cent support for capital punishment.The Indonesian government has also repeatedly stated its firm support for retention of the death penalty. In its submission to the Constitutional Court case on capital punishment for narcotics crime, the government argued that the weak state of Indonesia's law enforcement bodies meant that abolishing the death penalty would worsen the law and order situation in Indonesia, and send the wrong message to drug dealers.Ironically, opponents of the death penalty cite the same facts in arguing for abolition. To retain the death penalty when Indonesia's legal system is so weak, the applicants in the Constitutional Court case submitted, runs the risk that innocent people will be wrongly convicted and executed.Meanwhile, the courts continue to hand down death sentences at a swift rate, with at least 14 people added to death row in 2008. With almost twice as many people on death row as have been executed in the past 30 years, Indonesia will soon have to conduct a lot more executions or commute many or all of these sentences.Dave McRae (dgmcrae gmail.com)For more information on the death penalty in Indonesia, click here to read the original article on Inside Indonesia's website [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Indonesia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Drug Offenses [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2796] => Array ( [objectID] => 4879 [title] => Vietnam considers reduction in scope of death penalty [timestamp] => 1234137600 [date] => 09/02/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/vietnam-considers-reduction-in-scope-of-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Vietnamese Justice Minister Ha Hung Cuong has proposed a reduction in the number of capital offences - a demand put forward by the World Coalition's demands on World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => Vietnamese Justice Minister Ha Hung Cuong has introduced a Criminal Code revision bill providing for a reduction in the number of capital offences. This was one of the World Coalition's demands on World Day Against the Death Penalty, which focused on Asia on October 10, 2008.In Vietnam, 29 offences are punishable by death, including non-violent crimes such as drug trafficking or embezzlement. The proposed revision of the Criminal code would lower this number to 12, changing the status of offences such as corruption, fraud, hijacking, rape, drug manufacturing and trafficking, and food and medicines counterfeiting.The bill was introduced in November 2008 and the National Assembly Standing Committee started examining it at the end of December. It has yet to make a decision and the issue has sparked a debate.National Assembly Vice-Chairman Huynh Ngoc Son said that although the number of offences that carry the death penalty should be reduced, the move needs to be carefully considered and serious crimes against national security should remain punishable by death.Le Thi Thu Ba, ho heads the National Assembly's Justice Committee, expressed reservations about the plan and insisted that corruption and drug trafficking must remain capital offences.Long-term trendThe proposed legislation follows a long-term trend as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam reduced the number of crimes punishable by death from 44 to 29 in an earlier revision of the Criminal code in July 1999.In February 2006, the ministry of public security also offered to reduce the number of capital offences “in keeping with a general, global trend”.In December 2007 and 2008, Vietnam abstained from the vote on the United Nations General Assembly's resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty. It did not sign the dissociation letter put forward by Singapore.As early as 1982, Vietnam ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which states: “In countries which have not abolished the death penalty, sentence of death may be imposed only for the most serious crimes”. However, Vietnam has not ratified the Second Optional Protocol aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Viet Nam [1] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2797] => Array ( [objectID] => 4880 [title] => Can the US move towards abolition under Obama? [timestamp] => 1232409600 [date] => 20/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/can-the-us-move-towards-abolition-under-obama/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The new president's nominee for the post of attorney general opposes the death penalty and the number of executions and sentences is falling in the US. [texte] => The United States has a new president, and abolitionists worldwide are wondering whether the inauguration of Barack Obama will help point the only western democracy still using the death penalty in a new direction.On a practical level, the question has little value. The president has no power over the vast majority of capital cases in the US, which happen at state level according to legislation decided by the local legislature.As a presidential candidate, Obama rejected the abolition of capital punishment. “I think that the rape of a small child, six or eight years old, is a heinous crime and if a state makes a decision that under narrow, limited, well-defined circumstances the death penalty is at least potentially applicable, that does not violate our constitution,” he said during a televised debate. That position is close to the one he adopted as a senator (see video below).While he reportedly opposed capital punishment in his youth, the new president, who is facing a major economic crisis and stressed his message of “unity” during the inauguration ceremonies, is unlikely to get involved in such a divisive issue in the near future.But some members of his administration might. “He appointed Eric Holder, who has openly said he opposed the death penalty, as attorney general,” said Elizabeth Zitrin, a US lawyer and activist with World Coalition member organisation Death Penalty Focus.As head of the department of justice, Holder will have responsibility for the courts dealing with federal-level crimes, some of which are currently punishable by death.Downward trend in US death penalty useThe Obama administration comes into office against the backdrop of a reduction in the use of the death penalty in the US in the past year.According to statistics compiled by the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC), 37 executions took place in the US in 2008, down from 42 in 2007. A de-facto moratorium remained in place until April 16 while the Supreme Court examined the constitutionality of lethal injection protocols and helped keep the number of executions down.The moratorium did not stop death sentences from being handed down but their number, too, fell sharply. “In 2008, DPIC's research estimates 111 new death sentences, another decrease in a downward trend that began at the start of this decade. Overall, the annual number of death sentences has dropped by about 60% since the 1990s, when it was close to 300,” the report read.In Texas, where half of last year's executions occurred, rapid killing resumed soon after the moratorium was lifted. But sentencing is slowing down there, too. “This year, the number of new death sentences tied the lowest level in more than 30 years as juries and prosecutors opted instead for the sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole,” the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty noted in its 2008 report.Other states are following the trend towards abolition. In 2008, a far-reaching commission established by the state of Maryland to examine its death penalty system interviewed dozens of experts and witnesses and received many more written contributions.Its report issued on December 12 amounts to a damning death warrant for capital punishment: “To eliminate racial and jurisdictional bias, to reduce unnecessary costs, to lessen the misery that capital cases force victims of family members to endure, to eliminate the risk that an innocent person can be convicted—the Commission strongly recommends that capital punishment be abolished in Maryland,” it concludes. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2798] => Array ( [objectID] => 4881 [title] => Jamaica vote illustrates retentionist trend in the Caribbean [timestamp] => 1231459200 [date] => 09/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/jamaica-vote-illustrates-retentionist-trend-in-the-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Jamaican lawmakers voted to keep capital punishment and the government seems determined to use it. Caribbean abolitionists are battling similar moves across the region. [texte] => Opponents to the death penalty across the Caribbean are bracing themselves for a tough year in 2009 after Jamaican senators voted to retain capital punishment on December 21, 2008.The outcome of the Senate vote mirrored that of a November poll on the same issue in the House of representatives.No new legislation was being proposed. Lawmakers were rather asked to take a “conscience vote” and choose whether to abolish the death penalty or to retain it.Capital punishment has been on Jamaica's books since before independence, but has not been used in the country since 1988.Politicians debated the issue fiercely after particularly gruesome crimes against children led to public outcry at Jamaica's rising crime rates, one of the highest in the world.“The Government has a responsibility to ensure that justice is administered. The case for justice, I believe, must be the strongest argument for the use of the death penalty,” said Finance Minister Audley Shaw during the House debate.Opposition MP Maxine Henry Wilson questioned the efficiency of capital punishment in the fight against crime. “If we have hanging, and the outcome is not what we anticipated or desired, what is next? We are not catching the criminals, and that is the fundamental issue,” she said.Despite a plea for abolition from popular South African Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu through Amnesty International and a statement from 14 Anglican bishops “calling [their] people to stand with [them] in [their] opposition to the death penalty”, the votes in both houses returned a clear majority in favour of retention.Threat of constitutional amendment“We did not expect the vote to go any other way,” said Nancy Anderson, Legal Officer and Secretary of the the Independent Jamaican Council for Human Rights (IJCHR). “What was startling was the suggestion to amend the constitution to overturn a judicial decision that after five years on death row, a condemned person's sentence must be commuted to life in prison.” The five-year restriction was imposed by the Privy Council, a London-based court with jurisdiction over the English-speaking Caribbean.Should such a constitutional bill come up, the IJCHR is prepared to battle it on the grounds that it would violate the separation of judicial and legislative powers.The organisation also tries to raise awareness among the public through interviews in the media.Another avenue for Jamaican abolitionists is individual litigation and training for criminal defence lawyers. There are currently eight prisoners on death row in the country, five of whom are approaching the five-year deadline.The IJCHR is Jamaica's most vocal abolitionist organisation. The local section of Amnesty International and the Catholic church are also active on this issue.A recent meeting with local clerics of all denominations ended with a consensus on the urgency of general penal reform. “Church leaders are divided on the issue of the death penalty, but they are worried about the state of the justice system and think that there should be no hanging until it is improved,” said Nancy Anderson.First execution in five years in the CaribbeanThe Jamaican situation reflects a retentionist trend observed across the Caribbean. Last December, one in four countries who voted against the UN resolution calling for a moratorium on executions were in the Caribbean.On the day of the conscience vote in the Jamaican senate, an execution took place in Saint Kitts – the first one in the Caribbean since 2003.“Governments argue that the death penalty is a response to rising crime rates,” said Carmelo Campos Cruz of the Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty. (photo) “The annual homicide rate in the Caribbean is 30 per 100,000 people – one of the highest in the world,” he added.The Puerto Rican Coalition is working towards the unification of the region's activists into a Caribbean network to strengthen their action and coordinate with international supporters such as the World Coalition or the European Union.“If we manage to unite churches, unions, all members of this movement, we can be more productive. The times ahead will be tough, with more use of the death penalty and further questioning of Privy Council rulings,” Carmelo Campos Cruz said. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jamaica [1] => Saint Kitts and Nevis ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2799] => Array ( [objectID] => 4882 [title] => Togo on the path to abolition [timestamp] => 1231372800 [date] => 08/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/togo-on-the-path-to-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the World celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the Togolese government decided to abolish the death penalty. [texte] => On December 10, Togo's Council of Ministers adopted a bill proposing to do away with capital punishment. The World Coalition wrote to the Togolese authorities to welcome their initiative.The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), a member of the World Coalition, and its branch in Togo, the Togolese League for Human Rights (LTDH), also hailed the introduction of the bill. The proposed legislation must know go through parliament."FIDH and LTDH call on the lawmakers who will soon examine the abolition of the death penalty to transcend their divisions and prepare Togo for a safer future, with more respect for human rights, by passing the bill carrying the abolition of the death penalty in Togo," both organisations said in a communiqué.Soon after the introduction of the bill, Togo voted in favour of the resolution on a worldwide moratorium at the recent session of the United Nations General Assembly.Togo adopted a moratorium on execution 30 years ago and ratified the International Covenant for civil and political rights in 1984. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Togo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2800] => Array ( [objectID] => 6098 [title] => DO EXECUTIONS LOWER HOMICIDE RATES?: THE VIEWS OF LEADING CRIMINOLOGISTS* [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/do-executions-lower-homicide-rates-the-views-of-leading-criminologists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study is about the question of whether the death penalty is a more effective deterrent than long-term imprisonment has been debated for decades or longer by scholars, policy makers, and the general public. In this Article the authors report results from a survey of the world’s leading criminologists that asked their expert opinions on whether the empirical research supports the contention that the death penalty is a superior deterrent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => www.deathpenalty.org/downloads/RadeletDeterrenceStudy2009.pdf ) [2801] => Array ( [objectID] => 6305 [title] => Death Penalty in the US Quiz [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-the-us-quiz/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Test your knowledge of human rights and the death penalty in the U.S. with our downloadable quiz. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.discoverhumanrights.org/uploads/death_penalty_quiz_2_2.pdf ) [2802] => Array ( [objectID] => 6308 [title] => Towards the abolition of the death penalty in Lebanon [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/towards-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-lebanon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Educational booklet compiling testimonies, arguments, legal and historical facts about the path towards abolition in Lebanon. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://congres.abolition.fr/IMG/pdf/death_penalty_booklet_english_-_lacr.pdf ) [2803] => Array ( [objectID] => 6459 [title] => Abolition of the Death Penalty: China in World Perspective [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-china-in-world-perspective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article outlines changes that the author has observed in the debate on the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://www.cityu.edu.hk/slw/CityULR/doc/sample/01.01_Roger.pdf ) [2804] => Array ( [objectID] => 6531 [title] => Executions, Deterrence and Homicide: A Tale of Two Cities [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executions-deterrence-and-homicide-a-tale-of-two-cities/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => We compare homicide rates in two quite similar cities with vastly different execution risks. Singapore had an execution rate close to 1 per million per year until an explosive twentyfold increase in 1994-95 and 1996-97 to a level that we show was probably the highest in the world. Hong Kong,has no executions all during the last generation and abolished capital punishment in 1993. Homicide levels and trends are remarkably similar in these two cities over the 35 years after 1973. By comparing two closely matched places with huge contrasts in actual execution but no differences in homicide trends, we have generated a unique test of the exuberant claims of deterrence that have been produced over the past decade in the U.S. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1436993 ) [2805] => Array ( [objectID] => 6538 [title] => APYN Death Penalty Quizz [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/apyn-death-penalty-quizz/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Quizz on the death penalty by the Asia Pacific Youth Network [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.facebook.com/apps/application.php?id=152329162900&ref=ts ) [2806] => Array ( [objectID] => 6585 [title] => What is the ODIHR [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/what-is-the-odihr/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) is one of the world’s principal regional human rights bodies.It promotes democratic elections, respect for human rights, tolerance and non-discrimination, and the rule of law. ODIHR is the human rights institution of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), an intergovernmental body working for stability, prosperity and democracy in its 56 participating States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/13702?download=true ) [2807] => Array ( [objectID] => 6587 [title] => Manual for Civil Society Participation in OAS Activities [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/manual-for-civil-society-participation-in-oas-activities/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The purpose of this Manual for Civil Society Participation in OAS Activities, prepared by the Department of International Affairs, is to clarify the mechanisims through which CSOs can participate in OAS activities and contribute to the formulation of hemispheric policies. In addition, the Manual provides a summary of the structure and work areas of the Organization as well as the guiding principles for CSO participation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.oas.org/en/ser/dia/civil_society/docs/Civil_Society_Manual%28English%29.pdf ) [2808] => Array ( [objectID] => 6593 [title] => EU Guidelines: Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/eu-guidelines-human-rights-and-international-humanitarian-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => An integral part of our Human Rights Policy is a series of Guidelines on issues of importance to the Union. These Guidelines are practical tools to help EU representations in the field better advance our policy. The first Guideline, on the Death Penalty, was elaborated in 1998. It was followed by six others focussed on Torture, Dialogues with Third Countries, Children Affected by Armed Conflict, Human Rights Defenders, the Rights of the Child and Violence Against Women. The first five Guidelines were published as a brochure four years ago; this new edition adds those Guidelines adopted since then. In preparation for publishing this booklet, all of the older Guidelines underwent a review and renovation to reflect changes both in the Union and the external environment that have taken place since 2005. There is one other innovation in the edition you hold in your hands: for the first time, we have included a guideline developed in 2005 by Member State legal experts on the topic of International Humanitarian Law. Because of the explosive growth of operations and missions conducted under the European Security and Defence Policy and as a result of our conviction that counterterrorism be conducted within the framework of international law, the Guideline on IHL is growing in importance. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/QC8308123ENC.pdf ) [2809] => Array ( [objectID] => 6607 [title] => Tools and Tips for Effective e-Activism [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tools-and-tips-for-effective-e-activism/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This booklet provides hints and tips for effective e-activism. It includes chapters about the use of petitions, widgets, email use, letters, social networking sites, blogs, photos and videos as well as becoming an online volunteer. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT70/003/2009/en/a5430a09-7dd6-429e-8d28-77567cc8b2c0/act700032009eng.pdf ) [2810] => Array ( [objectID] => 6610 [title] => Writing Wrongs: How to Shift Public Opinion on the Death Penalty with Letters to the Editor [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/writing-wrongs-how-to-shift-public-opinion-on-the-death-penalty-with-letters-to-the-editor/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This booklet explains why it is important to write letters to the editor as a platform for distributing information to the public. It provides a guide to good letter writing. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/downloads/LettersBookJune2010Single.pdf ) [2811] => Array ( [objectID] => 6615 [title] => Judy Kerr: Murder Victim Family Member [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/judy-kerr-murder-victim-family-member/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Judy Kerr talks about her experience as a murder victim family member and her opposition against the death. Responding to violence with violence is not the answer. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4BeEbI4s1k&feature=player_embedded#at=60 ) [2812] => Array ( [objectID] => 6618 [title] => Working with Victims: A Guide for Activist [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/working-with-victims-a-guide-for-activist/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The common assumption is that all victims’ family members support the death penalty. We cannot expect to abolish the death penalty without presenting an alternative view. Victims’ voices have a powerful effect – lawmakers have voted against the death penalty as a result of hearing victims’ testify for abolition. Including victims’ stories when working for abolition is strategically wise and is essential to bringing new people into the abolition movement. Here are a few suggestions. We encourage activists to consult with MVFHR for further guidance. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.mvfhr.org/working-victims-guide-activists ) [2813] => Array ( [objectID] => 6649 [title] => No Human Way to Kill [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/no-human-way-to-kill/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ‘No Human Way to Kill’ comprises an exhibition of twelve etchings produced by the Goldmark Atelier in 2007 and a 102 page book published by Seabrook Press in association with the Human Rights Centre at the Universtiy of Essex in 2009. The etchings were first displayed at the University of San Francisco in 2008 and the European Commission Gallery in 2009. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.robert-priseman.com/projects/no-human-way-to-kill/?doing_wp_cron=1418124008.0222098827362060546875 ) [2814] => Array ( [objectID] => 6658 [title] => Capital Punishment Curriculum [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-curriculum/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This course is intended to introduce a comparative study of the death penalty in abolitionist versus retentionist countries, based on the prohibition of this punishment in International conventions. It is designed primarily for use in US law schools, with emphasis on US law, but should prove instructive in other locations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/wcadp_curriculum_en-1.pdf ) [2815] => Array ( [objectID] => 6671 [title] => Barbara Bechnel: Witness to the execution of Stanley Tookie Williams [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/barbara-bechnel-witness-to-the-execution-of-stanley-tookie-williams/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A witness to the lethal injection execution of Stanley Tookie Williams describes what she saw at his execution. Stanley Tookie Williams execution was botched and he experienced 35 minutes of pain because part of the lethal injection 3 drug procedure did not work effectively. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzChfBENxsc&feature=player_embedded#at=109 ) [2816] => Array ( [objectID] => 6679 [title] => Akmal Shaikh [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/akmal-shaikh/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => It was during this time Akmal met a man who claimed to be in the music industry; he told Akmal he could help him realise his dream of becoming a pop, When Akmal landed in China on 12 September 2007 the police stopped him, searched his bag, where they alleged they found around 4 kg of heroin, and arrested him on drug charges sensation and sent him to Kyrgyzstan to meet with his “colleagues”. In Kyrgyzstan Akmal was asked to accompany one of the men to China. The man claimed to own a nightclub there and said he wanted Akmal to sing in his club. Excited at the prospect, Akmal agreed to travel to China with him; Before boarding the plane Akmal was asked to carry this mans suitcase, he did so without knowing that there were drugs in it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.reprieve.org.uk/akmalshaikh ) [2817] => Array ( [objectID] => 6680 [title] => The ‘Mumia Exception’ [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-mumia-exception/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 1981, Mumia worked as a cab driver at night to supplement his income. On December 9th he was driving his cab through the red light district of downtown Philadelphia at around 4 a.m. Mumia testifies that he let off a fare and parked near the corner of 13th and Locust Streets. Upon hearing gunshots, he turned and saw his brother, William Cook, staggering in the street. Mumia exited the cab and ran to the scene, where he was shot by a uniformed police officer and fell to the ground, fading in and out of consciousness. Within minutes, police arrived on the scene to find Officer Faulkner and Mumia shot; Faulkner died. Mumia was arrested, savagely beaten, thrown into a paddy wagon and driven to a hospital a few blocks away (suspiciously, it took over 30 minutes to arrive at the hospital). The trial began in 1982 with Judge Sabo (who sent more people to death row than any other judge) presiding. Mumia wished to represent himself and have John Africa as his legal advisor, but before jury selection had finished, this right was revoked and an attorney was forcibly appointed for him. Throughout the trial, Mumia was accused of disrupting court proceedings and was not allowed to attend most of his own trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.freemumia.com/2011/07/the-mumia-exception-by-j-patrick-oconnor/ ) [2818] => Array ( [objectID] => 6696 [title] => 2009 World Day Report: Teaching Abolition 2009 [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/2009-world-day-report-teaching-abolition-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => It presents the theme of 2009 World Day, facts on the death penalty and all the actions and media coveragefor the 2009 World Day on Teaching Abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-RapportJM2009-1.pdf ) [2819] => Array ( [objectID] => 6708 [title] => Mike Farrell: Paul House and Death Row [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mike-farrell-paul-house-and-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mike Farrell talks about the death penalty in the United States. Amongst many things he speaks about innocence, deterrence and retribution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcoBxXtfHT4&feature=player_embedded ) [2820] => Array ( [objectID] => 6709 [title] => Innocence [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/innocence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This event was held by the North Atlantic Innocence Project. The video explores post conviction evidence that can prove innocence after conviction. Testimonials from the exonerated, a victim and from a police officier who works on post conviction cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nfo6eeo817A&feature=player_embedded#at=3144 ) [2821] => Array ( [objectID] => 6710 [title] => The North Carolina Racial Justice Act [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-north-carolina-racial-justice-act/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => House Bill 472 and Senate Bill 461, known as The North Carolina Racial Justice Act, addresses racial discrimination in capital sentencing. This video featuring death row exonoree Edward Chapman, talks about racial bias and how the Racial Justice Act attempts to assure that race would not play a role in who gets the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiCZK7AxUCQ&feature=player_embedded#at=573 ) [2822] => Array ( [objectID] => 6722 [title] => Death Penalty Debate [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-debate/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => During a televised panel discussion on the death penalty on 9th October, Slovenian law professor Dragan Petrovec said victims should play no role in the sentencing of offenders. ''The victim is never objective,'' he said. ''Victims can’t be judges.'' The discussion, organised by the Council of Europe to mark the European day against the death penalty, also featured Sweden’s Human Rights Ambassador Jan Axel Nordlander. Council of Europe’s Head of Department Jeroen Schokkenbroek said the organisation was critical of the United States and Japan over their use of the death penalty . He added that ''dialogue was continuing'' with both countries towards ending the practice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.coe.int/NewsSearch/Default.asp?p=nwz&id=12375&lmLangue=1 ) [2823] => Array ( [objectID] => 6747 [title] => Myths and Facts about the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myths-and-facts-about-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => 8 Myths about the death penalty are explored in this text: 1. the death penalty is needed to keep society safe, 2. the death penalty is applied fairly, 3. the death penalty is used worldwide, 4. the death penalty deters crime, 5. execution is cheaper than permanent imprisonment, 6. the death penalty offers justice to victims’ families, 7. only the truly guilty get the death penalty, 8. religious teachings support the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/downloads/Myths%20and%20Facts%20Oct.1.2009.pdf ) [2824] => Array ( [objectID] => 6749 [title] => Racial Disparities [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/racial-disparities/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The race of the victim and the race of the defendant in capital cases are major factors in determining who is sentenced to die in this country. In 1990 a report from the General Accounting Office concluded that "in 82 percent of the studies [reviewed], race of the victim was found to influence the likelihood of being charged with capital murder or receiving the death penalty, i.e. those who murdered whites were more likely to be sentenced to death than those who murdered blacks. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=54 ) [2825] => Array ( [objectID] => 6786 [title] => The Next Frontier: National Development, Political Change, and the Death Penalty in Asia [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-next-frontier-national-development-political-change-and-the-death-penalty-in-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Authors David Johnson, an expert on law and society in Asia, and Franklin Zimring, a senior authority on capital punishment, utilize their research to identify the critical factors affecting the future of the death penalty in Asia. They found that when an authoritarian state experienced democratic reform, such as in Taiwan and South Korea, the rate of executions dropped sharply. Johnson and Zimring also found that politics, instead of culture or tradition, is the major obstacle to the end of capital punishment in Asia. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-next-frontier-9780195337402?cc=fr&lang=en& ) [2826] => Array ( [objectID] => 6904 [title] => Death Penalty for Female Offenders [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-for-female-offenders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The data herein are updated as often and as quickly as possible, with the last date of entry noted on the cover page. However, given the difficulty of gathering complete information from all jurisdictions and as soon as cases develop, these reports may under-report the number of female offenders under death sentences. The subjects of these reports are female offenders sentenced to death. They are not all referred to as women, since some were as young as age fifteen at the time of their crimes. However, no such very young female offenders are currently under death sentences. ---- See bottom left hand corner of web page. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/FemDeathDec2011.pdf ) [2827] => Array ( [objectID] => 6913 [title] => Death Penalty Lessons from Asia [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-lessons-from-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Part one of this article summarizes death penalty policy and practice in the region that accounts for 60 percent of the world’s population and more than 90 percent of the world’s executions. The lessons from Asia are then organized into three parts. Part two describes features of death penalty policy in Asia that are consistent with the experiences recorded in Europe and with the theories developed to explain Western changes. Part three identifies some of the most significant diversities within the Asian region – in rates of execution, trends over time, and patterns of change – that contrast with the recent history of capital punishment in non-Asian locations and therefore challenge conventional interpretations of death penalty policy and change. Part four discusses three ways that the politics of capital punishment in Asia are distinctive: the limited role of international standards and transnational influences in most Asian jurisdictions; the presence of single-party domination in several Asian political systems; and the persistence of communist versions of capital punishment in the Asia region. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.japanfocus.org/-David_T_-Johnson/3228 ) [2828] => Array ( [objectID] => 6991 [title] => Criminological analysis on deterrent power of death penalty [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/criminological-analysis-on-deterrent-power-of-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Death penalty is the most effective deterrence to grave crimes, which has been the key basis for the State to retain death penalty. In fact, either in legislation or in execution, death penalty can not produce the special deterrent effect as expected. With respect to this issue, people tend to conduct normative exploration from the perspective of ordinary legal principles or the principle of human rights, which is more speculative than convincing. Correct interpretation based on the existing positive analysis and differentiation based on human nature which sifts the true from the false will not only help end the simple, repetitive and meaningless arguments regarding the basis for the existence of death penalty, but also help understand the rational nature of both the elimination and the preservation of death penalty, so as to define the basic direction towards which the State should make efforts in controlling death penalty in the context of promoting social civilization. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.springerlink.com/content/j15j2w0l28l211w5/ ) [2829] => Array ( [objectID] => 7012 [title] => Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment-manfred-nowak/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In chapter III, the Special Rapporteur focuses on the compatibility of the death penalty with the prohibition of cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. He concludes that the historic interpretation of the right to personal integrity and human dignity in relation to the death penalty is increasingly challenged by the dynamic interpretation of this right in relation to corporal punishment and the inconsistencies deriving from the distinction between corporal and capital punishment, as well as by the universal trend towards the abolition of capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/10/44&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [2830] => Array ( [objectID] => 7057 [title] => Tanzania Human Rights Report 2008: Progress through Human Rights [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tanzania-human-rights-report-2008-progress-through-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Tanzania is one of 25 countries in the world that continues to retain the death penalty in its legislation.56 However, de facto, Tanzania is an abolitionist country, as there have been no executions in Tanzania since 1994. Chapter 2.1.1 describes the position of the death penalty in Tanzania. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.humanrights.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Tanzania_Human_Rights_Report_2008.pdf ) [2831] => Array ( [objectID] => 7066 [title] => From Cradle to Coffin: A Report on Child Executions in Iran [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/from-cradle-to-coffin-a-report-on-child-executions-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report aims to briefly highlight the past and present challenges and choices in Iran’s human rights record on juvenile offenders. It considers legal and theological perspectives on key issues as well as presenting case studies on selected individuals whose mistreatment raises serious questions about the injustices faced by young people in the Iranian judicial system. The report offers practical recommendations to the international community as it takes a closer look at the Islamic Republic and its human rights record through the 2010 Universal Periodic Review. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/1063.pdf ) [2832] => Array ( [objectID] => 7069 [title] => A Penalty Without Legitimacy: The Mandatory Death Penalty in Trinidad and Tobago [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-penalty-without-legitimacy-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-trinidad-and-tobago/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As a result of legal challenges, and in line with the trend worldwide, the mandatory death penalty has now been abolished in nine Caribbean countries and a discretion to impose a lesser sentence has been given to the judges of the Eastern Caribbean, Belize, Jamaica and the Bahamas. However, in relation to Trinidad & Tobago, in the case of Charles Matthew (Matthew v The State [2005] 1 AC 433), a majority of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council decided - notwithstanding that the mandatory death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment in violation of entrenched fundamental freedoms and human rights established in the Constitution of Trinidad & Tobago - that it remained protected from constitutional challenge by the operation of the “savings clause” in the Constitution. As a result, Trinidad & Tobago remains one of only three Commonwealth Caribbean countries (Barbados and Guyana being the other two) that still retains the mandatory death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/assets/7/original/09.08.10_Trinidad_Publication.pdf?1259080068 ) [2833] => Array ( [objectID] => 7077 [title] => Mental Illness and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mental-illness-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This overview discusses the intersection of the law and the challenges faced by mentally ill capital defendants at every stage from trial through appeals and execution. It provides examples of some of the more famous cases of the execution of the mentally ill. Lastly, it describes current legislative efforts to exempt those who suffer from a serious mental illness from execution and the importance of such efforts. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclu.org/files/pdfs/capital/mental_illness_may2009.pdf ) [2834] => Array ( [objectID] => 7099 [title] => Smart on Crime: Reconsidering the Death Penalty in a Time of Economic Crisis [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/smart-on-crime-reconsidering-the-death-penalty-in-a-time-of-economic-crisis/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty in the U.S. is an enormously expensive and wasteful program with no clear benefits. All of the studies on the cost of capital punishment conclude it is much more expensive than a system with life sentences as the maximum penalty. In a time of painful budget cutbacks, states are pouring money into a system that results in a declining number of death sentences and executions that are almost exclusively carried out in just one area of the country. As many states face further deficits, it is an appropriate time to consider whether maintaining the costly death penalty system is being smart on crime. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/CostsRptFinal.pdf ) [2835] => Array ( [objectID] => 7119 [title] => Double Tragedies: Victims Speak Out Against the Death Penalty for People with Severe Mental Illness [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/double-tragedies-victims-speak-out-against-the-death-penalty-for-people-with-severe-mental-illness/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report asserts that the death penalty is not only inappropriate and unwarranted for persons with severe mental illness but that it also serves as a distraction from problems within the mental health system that contributed or even led directly to tragic violence. Families of murder victims and families of people with mental illness who have committed murder have a cascade of questions and needs. It is to these questions, rather than to the death penalty, that as a society we must turn our attention and our collective energies if we are truly to address the problem of untreated mental illness and the lethal violence that can result. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.mvfhr.org/sites/default/files/pdf/DoubleTragedies.pdf ) [2836] => Array ( [objectID] => 7131 [title] => THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2008 (and the first six months of 2009) [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-of-2008-and-the-first-six-months-of-2009/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Worldwide Situation to Date: The worldwide trend towards abolition, underway for at least a decade, was again confirmed in 2008 and the first six months of 2009. There are currently 151 countries and territories that to different extents have decided to renounce the death penalty. Of these: 96 are totally abolitionist; 8 are abolitionist for ordinary crimes; 5 have a moratorium on executions in place and 42 are de facto abolitionist (i.e. countries that have not carried out any executions for at least 10 years or countries which have binding obligations not to use the death penalty). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=12000549 ) [2837] => Array ( [objectID] => 7137 [title] => Hope and Fear: Human Rights in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/hope-and-fear-human-rights-in-the-kurdistan-region-of-iraq/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International received information from a number of sentenced prisoners indicating that their trials had not met international fair trial standards. Some had been tried in secret locations, rather than in properly established courts of law. Some trials had been completed within an hour. A number of prisoners complained that they had been convicted on the basis of false “confessions” which they had been forced to make under torture or other illtreatment during pre-trial detention. Detainees commonly were denied access to lawyers in the early stages of their detention, when they were usually held incommunicado, and were interrogated by the Asayish. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE14/006/2009/en/c2e5ae23-b204-4b46-b7f5-06dc1501f62f/mde140062009en.pdf ) [2838] => Array ( [objectID] => 7138 [title] => A Thousand People Face the Death Penalty in Iraq [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-thousand-people-face-the-death-penalty-in-iraq/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Iraq now has one of the highest rates of execution in the world. At least 1,000 people are believed to be under sentence of death, 150 of whom have exhausted all legal remedies available to them and are therefore at serious risk of being hanged. This document describes the use of the death penalty in Iraq, including issues of transperancy, crimes punishable by death, unfair trials, the death penalty as used in the Kurdistan region of Iraq and some individual cases are discussed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE14/020/2009/en/94eeaecc-67da-49b1-bf9b-5eae8d859756/mde140202009eng.pdf ) [2839] => Array ( [objectID] => 7151 [title] => Japan: Hanging by a thread: Mental health and the death penalty in Japan [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japan-hanging-by-a-thread-mental-health-and-the-death-penalty-in-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The use of the death penalty is in decline globally. Japan is one of the few industrialized countries to continue to use it, hanging a small number of prisoners each year. This report discusses the legal basis for exempting mentally ill prisoners from the death penalty and documents the situation faced by such prisoners on death row in Japan. It calls on the authorities to ensure that mentally ill prisoners are not executed and to implement a moratorium on the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA22/005/2009/en/acc1c64b-e5ed-425f-bb93-36be3ec25f59/asa220052009eng.pdf ) [2840] => Array ( [objectID] => 7155 [title] => Death sentences and executions in 2008 [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentences-and-executions-in-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document summarises Amnesty International's global research on the death penalty. Information was gathered from various sources including official statistics (where available), non-governmental and inter-governmental organizations, human rights defenders, the media and interviews with survivors of human rights violations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/003/2009/en/0b789cb1-baa8-4c1b-bc35-58b606309836/act500032009en.pdf ) [2841] => Array ( [objectID] => 7201 [title] => Pakistan, a long march for democracy and the rule of law [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pakistan-a-long-march-for-democracy-and-the-rule-of-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Regularly denounced by human rights associations, violations of the right to a fair trial and inequality before the law for prisoners who face the death penalty are flagrant. Most prisoners belong to the most disadvantaged social classes or to ethnic or religious minorities. Involved in often questionable circumstances, with confessions extracted under frequent beatings and torture, many litigants are not given an adequate defence. To defend these cases, lawyers appointed ex officio receive 200 rupees per hearing (less than 5 U.S. dollars). Often young and inexperienced to deal with procedures not respecting the minimum fair trial guarantees, these lawyers are not in a position to ensure the mandate entrusted to them. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Pakistan514ang2008.pdf ) [2842] => Array ( [objectID] => 7205 [title] => Iran/death penalty: A state terror policy [timestamp] => 1230768000 [date] => 01/01/2009 [annee] => 2009 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iran-death-penalty-a-state-terror-policy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As momentum is gathering across the world towards abolition of capital punishment, Iran ranks second for number of executions, after China, and first for per capita executions. Unfair trials, execution of juveniles, targeting of ethnic and religious minorities... the death penalty is applied in blatant violation of Iran’s obligations under international human rights law. A very wide range of offences (including economic, drug-related, so-called sexual offences, apostasy...) carry the death penalty and the methods of execution (public hangings, stoning...)amount to the most inhuman and degrading treatment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Rapport_Iran_final.pdf ) [2843] => Array ( [objectID] => 4883 [title] => UN resolution: the abolitionist front gets stronger [timestamp] => 1229644800 [date] => 19/12/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-resolution-the-abolitionist-front-gets-stronger/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of a second resolution calling for a universal moratorium on the use of the death penalty. [texte] => Supported by an increasing number of co-sponsor countries (89), it reaffirms resolution 62/149 of 18 December 2007, “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, and recognizes “the global trend towards the abolition of the death penalty”.A slight change can be seen in the Arab World. While Algeria voted in favour of the resolution for the second time, seven other Arab countries abstained in 2008 whereas four of them voted No last year (Bahrain, Jordan, Mauritania and Oman).The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty congratulates the governments for the increasing votes in favour of the resolution: it was supported by 106 (+2) countries. The World Coalition regrets that 46 (-8) voted against the Resolution and that 34 (+5) abstained. Chad, RDC, Equatorial Guinea, Kiribati, Seychelles and Tunisia were absent.The text of the resolution 63/430 welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 62/149 and the "conclusions and recommendations contained therein”. The Secretary-General is requested to provide a report every two years on this issue, notably based on the information produced by Member States.The next resolution will be put for consideration to the United Nations General Assembly in December 2010. In February 2010, the fourth World Congress against the Death Penalty, organized by “Ensemble contre la peine de mort” (ECPM) in cooperation with the World Coalition will take place in Geneva and address international organisations. It will be an occasion to monitor the implementation of Resolution 63/430 calling for a moratorium on executions and it will gather abolitionists involved for worldwide abolition of the death penalty from all over the world.(World Coalition Against the Death Penalty Press Release) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria [1] => Bahrain [2] => Chad [3] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [4] => Equatorial Guinea [5] => Jordan [6] => Kiribati [7] => Mauritania [8] => Oman [9] => Seychelles ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2844] => Array ( [objectID] => 4884 [title] => EU diplomats team up with US activists to co-ordinate efforts against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1229558400 [date] => 18/12/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/eu-diplomats-team-up-with-us-activists-to-co-ordinate-efforts-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The French presidency of the European Union organised a meeting between EU diplomats and US abolitionists in November to strengthen a discreet but long-standing partnership. [texte] => On November 19, top diplomats from about 20 European countries met representatives from key anti-death penalty organisations in the US as well as criminal defence lawyers at the French embassy in Washington, DC.The French embassy's Senior Counsellor Laurent Delahousse set up the meeting on behalf of the French presidency of the European Union to hear US death penalty abolition leaders address EU members about how they can more effectively support US abolition efforts.“They gave us advice and comments on which we reported to Paris and to the EU”, Laurent Delahousse said. “Those organisations told us not to address the death penalty as a moral issue in the US. We know we have no right to say that what the US is doing is evil. International law, where we have legitimate grounds for intervention, is a better avenue.”Such meetings are a regular feature of European diplomacy in the US and each country holding the six-month rotating presidency of the EU maintains discreet contacts with leading abolitionist organisations there.This time, the French embassy brought in new organisations such as World Coalition member Murder Victim's Families for Human Rights. Its executive director, Renny Cushing, took part in the meeting with Elizabeth Zitrin, who represents Death Penalty Focus on the World Coalition's steering committee.Letters to US State Governors and Parole BoardsElizabeth Zitrin introduced the participants to the World Coalition's plans to focus on education in 2009 and on the US in 2010. “I said that our EU partners are our bridges to peer-to-peer conversations among victims' families, police, lawyers, judges and doctors, as well as grassroots activists and, of course, business leaders”, she added.Other panelists included Richard Dieter, of the Death Penalty Information Center, Sue Gunawarenda-Vaughn of Amnesty International USA, Carol Chodroff of Human Rights Watch, Virginia Sloan of the Constitution Project and famed activist and actor Mike Farrell, President of Death Penalty Focus.The EU Presidency has written a number of letters to US State Governors and Parole Boards to encourage commutation of sentences or other means to remove prisoners from imminent threat of execution. European diplomats are interested in coordination with US NGOs working on this issue to improve the impact of their work.For example, the French presidency of the EU lobbied hard for death row inmate Troy Davis, focusing on the possibility that an innocent may be executed. “International action helped his lawyers and his family a lot”, said Laurent Delahousse. “In an unusual move, we wrote to the Department of Justice. I would like to believe that our intervention at the federal level helped.”Representatives of the next four EU presidencies were present and agreed to continue co-operating with US NGOs. They consider organising a formal annual conference on the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2845] => Array ( [objectID] => 4885 [title] => Uzbekistan becomes the 70th state party to the UN’s Second Optional Protocol [timestamp] => 1229472000 [date] => 17/12/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/uzbekistan-becomes-the-70th-state-party-to-the-uns-second-optional-protocol/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The former Soviet republic has confirmed its accession to the only international treaty abolishing the death penalty in an irreversible manner. [texte] => On December 5, Uzbekistan's senators approved the accession of their country to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Pact on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.Uzbek President Islam Karimov (photo) signed the ratification into law on December 12, according to the Interfax news agency. The documents have yet to be filed with the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.This is the end of a legislative process launched in August 2005, when the president signed a decree abolishing the death penalty in Uzbekistan. Since then, all legislation providing for capital punishment has been amended. The country's Legislative House passed the bill that makes Uzbekistan a state party to the Second Optional Protocol on October 30, 2008.After Rwanda on December 15, Argentina and Chile in September, and Honduras in April, Uzbekistan becomes the fifth country in 2008 to join the only international treaty that enshrines the irreversible abolition of the death penalty in international law.Secrecy remainsThe delegations taking part in Uzbekistan's periodic review at the UN Human Rights Council on December 11 noted the country's efforts on the death penalty among its “positive achievements”.However, a report compiled by World Coalition member Amnesty International for the periodic review notes: “The authorities have still not published statistics on the death penalty for previous years, including the number of sentences, executions and commutations. The number of those on death row who had their sentences commuted to life imprisonment upon abolition of the death penalty has also not been published. As of July 2008 there has been no progress on providing relatives with information on burial sites of executed prisoners.”Uzbeks still has some way to go before they can put the death penalty era behind them. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uzbekistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2846] => Array ( [objectID] => 4886 [title] => Algerian MPs want to abolish the death penalty [timestamp] => 1228780800 [date] => 09/12/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/algerian-mps-want-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A group of Algerian parliamentarians has filed a bill aimed at abolishing capital punishment. The World Coalition supports their campaign to have the proposed legislation passed. [texte] => Algerian MP Ali Brahimi (photo) filed a bill aimed at abolishing the death penalty on December 6. The text was sponsored by 20 other lawmakers and states: “The death penalty is abolished. No one shall be executed.” The bill seeks to replace capital punishment with life imprisonment in Algerian law.Once vetted by the Committee of Algeria's National Popular Assembly, the text will be in the hands of the government, which sets the parliamentary agenda. “It will all depend on us and on whatever international pressure may be applied”, said Ali Brahimi.The sponsors of the bill will organise a conference on the death penalty on December 15. Another event will take place in January thanks to Algeria's National Commission for the Promotion of Human Rights and to World Coalition member organisation Penal Reform International.“We want to include as many organisations and personalities”, Ali Brahimi said.Ruling FLN party favours abolitionApart from Brahimi's RDC party, representatives from two other political movements, including the ruling FLN, told Le Soir d'Algérie newspaper that they favoured abolition.The April 2009 presidential election may shift attention away from the abolition bill. But it is also an opportunity to remember that president Abdelaziz Bouteflika committed himself to removing the death penalty from Algerian law in 2004.Algeria has not carried out any executions since 1993 and was the only Arab country to vote in favour of a UN resolution calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty in 2007 and 2008.However, Algerian courts have passed death sentences on three occasions in recent months.Click here to download the Algerian abolition bill (in French and in Arabic - PDF) [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2847] => Array ( [objectID] => 4887 [title] => Activists from Burundi, Rwanda and DR Congo join forces [timestamp] => 1228262400 [date] => 03/12/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/activists-from-burundi-rwanda-and-dr-congo-join-forces/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Great Lakes Regional Coalition Against the Death Penalty held its first meeting on November 17 in Kinshasa. Its lobbying efforts have accelerated Burundi's legislative process. [texte] => Several abolitionist organisations from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi got together on November 17 to launch the work of their Regional Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Some 120 participants, including lawyers, magistrates, academics, journalists and students met in Kinshasa with representatives from the region's human rights organisations, the French embassy and French NGO Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM).“We have had some experience in founding and managing the World Coalition in the past six years”, said ECPM director Cécile Thimoreau. “What we do here is capacity building.” In other words, the idea is to help abolitionists from the Great Lakes region organise.Because of the conflict at the border between Rwanda and the DRC, Rwanda's League of Human Rights Associations Group had to send a representative of Congolese origin to Kinshasa.“Despite our divisions, we all have something that brings us together: respect for life”, said Liévin Ngondji, founder of the NGO Culture for Peace and Justice (CPJ) in the DRC.“In the region, we have one common idea: to abolish the death penalty”, added ACAT-Burundi president Merius Rusumo.A book to explore the region's situationA book published by ECPM and launched at the meeting is the first outcome of regional cooperation. It was written in co-operation with local activists and details the death penalty situation in Rwanda, Burundi and the DRC.Since 2005, researchers have been exploring the three countries' courtrooms and death rows. Their work is collected in a 350-page book available from ECPM (in French).Now that information is available, action is the next step. Regional Coalition members adopted a founding declaration and an action plan, which was immediately implemented.They called on their “parliaments and governments to take a clear stance, as in Rwanda, to abolish the death penalty in the region” and decided to work towards three objectives.Political “pressure” applied immediatelyFirstly, they want to “apply pressure on political and judicial institutions in the DRC and in Burundi to abolish the death penalty”. On the day of the meeting, the participants invited the DRC's minister for human rights and vice-minister for justice, who said that legislation was being prepared to abolish capital punishment in the country.The next day, a delegation met the president of the National Assembly (photo below), who told them he and President Joseph Kabila were abolitionists. He offered to circulate a letter by the Regional Coalition highlighting the need for abolition to every Assembly member.Fresh co-ordinated action is under way in the DRC as the country failed to support a UN resolution calling for a global moratorium on executions in a committee vote. Together, activists are now trying to get the country to vote in favour of the text at the UN General Assembly's plenary session.The Regional Coalition had more immediate success in Burundi, where an abolition bill had been frozen for more than one year. “The next week, the National Assembly of Burundi passed the abolition of the death penalty on November 21. It must now go through the Senate”, said Cécile Thimoreau. The news gave the region's abolitionists a boost and confirmed their strategy.Media attention and educationApart from political lobbying, the Regional Coalition aims to attract media attention to the abolitionist cause through press releases and interventions on radio and television programmes.The Regional Coalition's action plan also includes a broader educational aspect. Member organisations will disseminate documents, including the recent book on the death penalty in the region, to university libraries across the three countries. The distribution will associate political leaders and the media at local book-launch events.The November 17 meeting started a new dynamic. “We have been sending each other emails every day”, said Cécile Thimoreau.Liévin Ngondji of association CPJ, which holds the executive secretariat of the Regional Coalition, benefits from the information he receives from his partners in Burundi on the abolition process there: “I use this element to show that DR Congo is the only country left to retain the death penalty in the region”, he explained.CPJ already co-ordinates a national coalition comprising 23 organisations in the DRC. It will soon organise a general meeting to set up the Regional Coalition's permanent structure.Merius Rusumo, for his part, focuses on the long term. He said: “Abolishing the death penalty is not enough. Our States must train their magistrates, improve jail conditions... We must work on all this as a network.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi [1] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [2] => Rwanda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2848] => Array ( [objectID] => 4888 [title] => Africa’s human rights body takes a stance against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1228003200 [date] => 30/11/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/africas-human-rights-body-takes-a-stance-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights calls for a moratorium on executions and the ratification of the UN Protocol for the abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => The ACHPR, the African Union body responsible for defending human rights, adopted a “resolution urging State Parties to observe a moratorium on the death penalty”, during its Session held in Abuja, Nigeria in November 2008. The text notes that “27 State Parties to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights have already in law or de facto abolished the death penalty”, but that only six among them have ratified the UN Second Optional Protocol aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. The ACHPR states that it is “preoccupied” by some death sentences handed down “in conditions not respectful of the right to a fair trial” in several African countries. The resolution, which applies to State Parties to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, thus exhorts them to urgently guarantee irreproachable judicial procedures for all persons accused of crimes punishable by death.The text then goes further, inviting the 53 African countries to “observe a moratorium on the execution of death sentences with a view to abolishing the death penalty”, with reference to previous ACHPR and UN resolutions on the subject. It also calls on them to ratify the UN Second Optional Protocol, the only international treaty establishing the abolition of the death penalty, without the possibility of reintroduction at a later stage.Finally, the resolution calls on States to include “information on the steps they are taking to move towards the abolition of the death penalty” in the periodic reports they must submit to the ACHPR. The reporting process should be detailed in a document presented in the next Commission's session.Working group on the Death Penalty finally active The resolution results from the activation of the ACHPR working group on the death penalty established almost four years ago, which brings together four experts around Rwandan Commissioner Sylvie Zainabo Kayitesi. The Word Coalition has observer status.“This working group had never worked as there was no budget”, explains Guillaume Colin of FIACAT, a member of the World Coalition. This changed last summer and several members of the Coalition gave the group the information they needed to start its activities.Guillaume Colin also participated in the NGO forum that preceded the ACHPR Session. This was an occasion to organise a meeting between Commissioner Zainabo Kayitesi, FIACAT, Amnesty International and Nigerian NGOs. “At the end of the meeting, we presented an NGO resolution calling for the abolition of the death penalty in Africa and the ratification of the Second Protocol, which was adopted for the most part”, reports Guillaume Colin.The next step for these organisations will be active participation in the preparation of the periodic reports on the death penalty situation in each country. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2849] => Array ( [objectID] => 4889 [title] => One more step towards universal abolition [timestamp] => 1227139200 [date] => 20/11/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/one-more-step-towards-universal-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Third Committee of the United Nations' General Assembly has adopted a resolution calling for a gobal moratorium on executions for the second time. More countries supported the text. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the adoption by the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly of a second resolution calling for a universal moratorium on the use of the capital punishment.Supported by an increasing number of co-sponsors countries (89, i.e. two more countries than last year), it reaffirms resolution 62/149 of 18 December 2007, “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”, and recognizes “the global trend towards the abolition of the death penalty”.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the increasing votes in favour of the resolution: it was supported by 105 governments (99 in 2007), while 48 voted against it (52 in 2007) and 31 abstained (33 in 2007).The text of the resolution welcomes “the decisions taken by an increasing number of States to apply a moratorium” as well as the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 62/149 “and the conclusions and recommendations contained therein”. The Secretary-General is requested to provide a report every two years on this issue, notably based on the information produced by Member States.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty expresses its deep satisfaction at the adoption of this second resolution by the Third Committee and it now calls on the General Assembly of the United Nations to fully endorse this resolution in its plenary meeting. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2850] => Array ( [objectID] => 4890 [title] => 800 cities light up for life [timestamp] => 1226880000 [date] => 17/11/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/800-cities-light-up-for-life/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On November 30, monuments in nearly 800 cities across the globe will light up to celebrate “Cities for Life - Cities Against the Death Penalty”. [texte] => The international day “Cities for Life - Cities Against the Death Penalty” is organised by the Community of Sant'Egidio and supported by the World Coalition and the European Union. It takes place every year on the anniversary of the day Tuscany abolished the death penalty in 1786. It was the first time a state decided to do away with capital punishment.Last year, the event happened as representatives from the nations of the world were debating a text calling to suspend executions worldwide.“The approval of the resolution for a moratorium on capital punishment on December 18, 2007 by the United Nations General Assembly was a historical passage of enormous moral value. We will not miss any occasion or event to emphasise the assertion of a justice capable of always respecting life, of a justice without death,” said Carlo Santoro of the Community of Sant'Egidio."Actions to awaken public opinion"According to him, Cities for Life is an important occasion given to local administrations and civil society to join in the large movement towards the abolition of the death penalty.The 2007 edition recorded the participation of 760 cities, including 35 capitals such as Madrid (photo), which made it one of the largest international initiatives to stop all executions globally. More than 800 cities have so far registered their participation in this year's event.“Many municipalities are already preparing cultural initiatives and actions to awaken public opinion in association with the Community of Sant'Egidio and connected organisations in Italy and in other countries,” Santoro said.The Community of Sant'Egidio is still welcoming new participating cities for the November 30 international day. It offers support to local representatives in the organisation of their event and offers them visibility by including their city in the campaign's Roll of Honour and on a dedicated section on its website, www.citiesforlife.net. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2851] => Array ( [objectID] => 4891 [title] => Nations of the world to vote on fresh moratorium resolution [timestamp] => 1226102400 [date] => 08/11/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/nations-of-the-world-to-vote-on-fresh-moratorium-resolution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As the 63rd session of the UN General Assembly gets under way in New York, the spotlight is once again put on a text calling for a global moratorium on executions. [texte] => Last year, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution calling on all nations to establish a moratorium on the death penalty. The issue is once again on the agenda, and the World Coalition is pushing for an even larger majority in favour of a new text establishing a moratorium in this year's vote.According to Martin Macpherson, director of Amnesty International's legal programme, "another resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, adopted with strong cross-regional support at the 63rd session of the UNGA and calling for regular reporting by the UN Secretary-General on the implementation of the call for a moratorium, would represent an important reaffirmation of the recommendations contained in Resolution 62/149".Amnesty International and other World Coalition organisations have been making contact with representatives from countries whose votes may prove crucial in improving last year's voting record – 104 in favour, 54 against and 29 abstentions.Meetings from Monrovia to Seoul, Paris and New YorkAmerican law professor Speedy Rice discussed the upcoming vote with Liberian officials in Monrovia in September; he also travelled to Seoul on October 10, World Day Against the Death Penalty.In Paris, a World Coalition delegation recently met French diplomats to exchange information on the UN resolution. France co-ordinates European positions as current president of the European Union.In late October, Amnesty International organised a seminar to coincide with the debate on the resolution in the General Assembly. Two judges from Japan and Jordan and two prosecutors from Nigeria and the US spoke about their experience in death penalty cases to UN diplomats, journalists and NGOs in New York.Trend toward abolition “continues” - UN Secretary GeneralAs planned in last year's resolution, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon released a report on the implementation of the moratorium in September. The document is based on information submitted by 53 abolitionist and retentionist UN member states.“The solid and long-standing trend towards global abolition of the death penalty identified in previous reports of the Secretary-General to the Economic and Social Council and to the Human Rights Council continues”, the report concluded. It also found that “the establishment of a moratorium on the application of the death penalty is a key step towards eventual de jure abolition of this form of punishment”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2852] => Array ( [objectID] => 4892 [title] => Activists oppose the death penalty across Asia [timestamp] => 1225324800 [date] => 30/10/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/activists-oppose-the-death-penalty-across-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Although European activists were slow to take action on World Day Against the Death Penalty, their Asian counterparts showed their strength, especially in the World Coalition's target countries. [texte] => One or several events took place in at least seven Asian countries, including five of those specifically targeted by the World Coalition on the October 10 World Day. Activists were particularly visible in Mongolia, South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, India and Pakistan. In India alone, events took place in 23 cities spread all over the country.Various styles of action were used in those locations, from traditional events with strong agendas to innovative and original happenings.In South Korea, for example, activists linked to several lawmakers burst into Parliament to support a bill proposing to abolish the death penalty (above).A procession behind five “condemned” peopleIn India (left), a procession followed five “condemned” people to Parliament and handed in a letter to the prime minister, the president and the interior minister asking them to establish a moratorium on executions.In Mongolia, a conference on “Human rights and the death penalty” gathered around 100 participants including lawyers, judges, prosecutors, law professors, NGOs, parliamentarians and representatives from the justice ministry.Other actions reached out to the general public: in Hong Kong, origami workshops were set up to invite passers-by to make paper skulls and send them to the Japanese consulate.In Taiwan (right), the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty organised a music and arts festival to inform the population through films, concerts and theatre plays.In Japan, death row inmates were at the centre of attention: the public was invited to visit an exhibition of their poems, drawings and other works, and to watch a film depicting a prison warden asked to take care of a prisoner before executing him.Good media coverageThose examples illustrate the strength of the Asian abolitionist movement, which appeared in the media coverage of the events. At least 23 articles were published in English alone in Asian newspapers. All kinds of media outlets, including radio stations and websites, covered the World Day Against the Death Penalty in Asian languages.Answering the call of the World Coalition, several abolitionist figures expressed the opposition to the death penalty publicly. In India, lawmaker Ravikumar wrote an article that was widely published in the press and on the internet.In Pakistan, a statement by the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan was also quoted extensively in the papers. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India [1] => Japan [2] => Mongolia [3] => Pakistan [4] => Republic of Korea [5] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2853] => Array ( [objectID] => 4893 [title] => Two days to discuss abolition in Morocco [timestamp] => 1225065600 [date] => 27/10/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/two-days-to-discuss-abolition-in-morocco/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Gathered in Rabat on World Day Against the Death Penalty, Moroccan and international politicians, religious leaders and campaigners held advanced discussions on this subject. The country has not carried out a single execution in the last fifteen years. [texte] => On 11 and 12 October 2008 a seminar to discuss the death penalty took place in Rabat. It was organised by Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM) and the Conseil Consultatif des Droits de l'Homme (CCDH – Consultative Council for Human Rights).Parliamentarians, judges, lawyers, academics, ulemas and human rights organisations gathered in thematic sessions linking capital punishment to five other concepts:- human rights;- Islamic beliefs;- national legislation;- criminology;- international position.Chaired by Ahmed Herzenni, the president of CCDH, the opening session was marked by a speech by Moroccan Minister for Justice Abdelwahed Radi. Reminding those present that Morocco has suspended executions since 1993, Mr Radi explained that the number of prisoners sentenced to death has fallen substantially from 146 to 125 since 2004.Herzenni stated that the death penalty was only used in “rare circumstances”, recalling the royal pardon granted in July 1994 to all those sentenced to death in Morocco.During two days of intense work, participants studied the ways and means to implement the recommendations of the Instance Equité et Réconciliation (Equity and Reconciliation Board), and in particular the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant on Civil and Political rights.The protocol, signed by 67 countries to date, binds states to “take all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty within its jurisdiction”.Morocco is in a position to abolish the death penaltyAccording to Richard Sédillot, an ECPM board member, “The international community considers that Morocco has abolished the death penalty in practice; it is a country that deserves abolition”. Each of the speakers then justified abolition providing objective and rational arguments. Statistics in hand, Driss El Yazami, President of the Conseil de la Communauté marocaine à l’étranger (Council of the Moroccan Community Abroad), refuted the deterrent effect on crime that is often cited by defenders of the death penalty. Using many concrete examples, Richard Sédillot highlighted the reality of countless judicial errors, arguing that no justice system is infallible.Ahmed Abbadi, Secretary General of the Rabita Mohammédia des oulémas (Mohammédia Rabita of ulemas), brilliantly demonstrated that abolishing the death penalty was not contradictory to the principles of Islam. He argued that capital punishment is limited to a few specific circumstances, like apostasy, premeditated murder or high treason and explained that Islam “always empowers the iman to choose”.His enthralling intervention provoked many reactions among the captive audience. “The religious frame of reference cannot be a pretext for maintaining the death penalty”, declared Amina Bouayach, President of the Organisation Marocaine des Droits Humains (OMDH – Morocco Human Rights Organisation) to the Aujourd’hui Le Maroc newspaper, one of the many media organisations present.No consensus yetConcerning that most basic of human rights, i.e. the right to life, the death penalty is still a very sensitive subject in Morocco. There is still no consensus on its abolition, as is proved by the country's abstention from the vote on the resolution for a moratorium on executions at the United Nations' General Assembly in 2007.Claudius Fischbach, Germany's ambassador's minister to Morocco, believes that, by taking that plunge, Morocco would be sending a strong signal as the first Arab state in the Maghreb to achieve abolition. Germany and the Republic of Ireland cofinanced the seminar.ECPM will publish a report on this seminar on 10 December 2008, marking the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2854] => Array ( [objectID] => 4894 [title] => Support grows for Davis as his execution is stayed [timestamp] => 1224979200 [date] => 26/10/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/support-grows-for-davis-as-his-execution-is-stayed/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Troy Davis’s execution was stayed on October 23, four days before he was scheduled to die, as activists took action on his behalf all over the world. [texte] => About thirty other events were planned in the US and abroad.In France, around 200 people gathered in Paris to listen to speeches by personalities and take part in a “die-in”. French Ambassador for Human Rights François Zimeray, Senate Legal Committee Vice-Chairperson Nicole Borvo Cohen-Seat and Paris Bar Association Chairman Christian Charrière Bournazel took part in the event.Charrière Bournazel said the Davis case proved the necessity of abolishing capital punishment. “This is about accepting that human justice is relative, while the death penalty has an absolute character”, he said.Other actions are scheduled these days, mostly at the initiative of World Coalition member organisations such as Amnesty International and ACAT.At this stage, Nicolas Krameyer, who organised the Paris protest for Amnesty International France, urges the public to keep signing the petition addressed to the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles, “even though it had turned a blind eye until now”. He also encouraged activists to maintain media attention on the case and to “who that mobilisation is global”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2855] => Array ( [objectID] => 4895 [title] => Helping South Korea on its progress towards abolition [timestamp] => 1224633600 [date] => 22/10/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/helping-south-korea-on-its-progress-towards-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On October 10, World Day Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition took part in a South Korean event aimed at bringing lawmakers closer to the abolition of capital punishment. [texte] => Parliamentarians, religious leaders and members of human rights organisations including Amnesty International gathered at the National Assembly Library in Seoul on October 10 to discuss the prospect of abolishing capital punishment in South Korea. American law professor Speedy Rice represented the World Coalition.In an unusual move, National Assembly Speaker Kim Hyong O opened the event. The speaker, who is bound to represent the legislature as a whole, would not have attended an abolitionist event a few years ago, Prof. Ahn Kyong-When, Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea (above), told Rice. “It would have amounted to taking sides”, Rice explained.The National Human Rights Commission is an independent body set up by the South Korean authorities in 2001. It has been recommending the abolition of the death penalty since 2005.British ambassador and top clericsBritish Ambassador Martin Uden (left) gave a speech that Rice described as “very direct and eloquent about his call for abolition of the death penalty in South Korea”. The British embassy in Seoul established contact with the World Coalition to follow up on international ways of helping South Korea end capital punishment.South Korea's top Christian and Buddhist clerics, who have formed a multi-denominational religious groups against the death penalty, also took part. They joined students for a staged protest against capital punishment (below).Abolition bill and UN General Assembly voteRice then met Chong-Hoon Kim, the head of the Human Rights Department at the ministry of Justice, to discuss South Korea's abolition bill and encourage the country to change its vote on the UN General Assembly for a moratorium on executions from “abstain” last year to “yes” this year.A bill proposing to abolish the death penalty was introduced in the South Korean parliament in December 2004, but has yet to be voted upon. Although 175 out of the 273 National Assembly members supported the bill, its opponents have successfully cited support for capital punishment among public opinion to postpone the vote ever since.According to Chong-Hoon Kim, 65% of Koreans, and a strong lobby of fundamentalist Christian churches, support the death penalty.No executions have taken place in the country in the past 10 years, which places it in the de-facto abolitionist category. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2856] => Array ( [objectID] => 25177 [title] => Mobilization Kit 2008 [timestamp] => 1223596800 [date] => 10/10/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Every year, the World Coalition Against the DeathPenalty (WCADP) calls for local initiatives worldwide.The events involve citizens and organisationssupporting the abolition of capital punishment andcomprise debates, concerts, press releases or anyother action which would give to the global abolitionclaim an international boost.This Day is intended for both political leaders andpublic opinion of countries where the death penaltyhas or not been abolished yet: people have toremember the meaning of abolition and pass it downthrough generations.They must be aware that a justice without deathpenalty is possible. [texte] => 10 OCTOBER 20086TH WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYGRASSROOTSMOBILISATION KITTABLE OF CONTENTS1 Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 2• The 6th World day : October, 10th 200. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 2• The aims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 22 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 33 WORLD DAY 2008:ASIA: IT’S TIME TO END EXECUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . p. 4• Campaign for a death penalty free Asiat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 4• The World Coalition’s Demands in Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 5• The Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 54 The world day: take actions! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 6• Material for the 6th World Day . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 6• Call for initiatives, some suggestions for 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 7• Sample of actions taken in 2006 and 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 75 Additional material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 8• Reports on Asian Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 8• Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 8• Filmography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 8• Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 96 Join the coalition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 107 Contacts Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 11-14For more information:- 2-[1] PRESENTATION• The 6th World day: October, 10th 2008Every year, the World Coalition Against the DeathPenalty (WCADP) calls for local initiatives worldwide.The events involve citizens and organisationssupporting the abolition of capital punishment andcomprise debates, concerts, press releases or anyother action which would give to the global abolitionclaim an international boost.This Day is intended for both political leaders andpublic opinion of countries where the death penaltyhas or not been abolished yet: people have toremember the meaning of abolition and pass it downthrough generations.They must be aware that a justice without deathpenalty is possible.• The aims:Encourage and consolidate the political and generalpublic’s awareness of the movement against the deathpenalty internationally;Put pressure on countries to stop executions andabolish the death penalty where it is still practised;Publicize the existence of the WCADP and its work;Ensure international recognition of the 10th Octoberas the World Day Against the Death Penalty.- 3-[2] HISTORY• The World Coalition Against the Death PenaltyThe WCADP, an alliance of about 76 NGOs, barassociations, local bodies and unions, was created inRome on 13 May 2002. It was founded as a result ofthe commitment made by the signatories of the Finaldeclaration of the 1st World Congress Against theDeath Penalty, which was organised by the FrenchNGO Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) inStrasbourg in June 2001. The aim of the WCADP is tostrengthen the international dimension of the fightagainst the death penalty. Its ultimate objective is toobtain the end of death sentences and executions inthose countries where the death penalty is in force. Insome countries, it is seeking to obtain a reduction inthe use of capital punishment as a first step towardsabolition.The WCADP is striving to achieve these by lobbyinginternational organisations and States, organisinginternational events, and facilitating the creation anddevelopment of national and regional coalitionsagainst the death penalty.Since 2003, the WCADP has made the 10th ofOctober the World Day Against the death Penalty.In 2007, on the occasion of the World Day, the WorldCoalition decided to encourage an internationalmobilisation in favour of the resolution calling for theestablishment of a global moratorium on the deathpenalty at the 62nd session of the United NationGeneral Assembly. More than 411 initiatives wereorganised in 60 countries across five continents andover 160 000 petition signatures were collected.For six years now, initiatives have been developedworldwide. In 2003, 63 countries joined forces andtook 188 actions against death penalty. For thesecond occurrence, in 2004, 205 initiatives weretaken in 24 countries. The 3rd World Day, in 2005,was celebrated in 46 countries trough 263 actions.For this occasion, a petition, inviting the African Headsof State to abolish the death penalty, collected over 42000 signatures and was delivered to the AfricanUnion’s Chairmanship. In 2006, 450 000 local actionswere taken all over the world. In addition, 5 petitionscirculated to support five emblematic death rowinmates who where convicted after justice failures:conviction of innocents; discriminatory sentences;unfair trials; cruel, inhuman and degrading treatmentand death sentence for mentally ills. These petitionscollected over 145 000 signatures.The main action of this year is a call to end executionsin Asia.- 4-[3] WORLD DAY 2008:IT’S TIME TO END EXECUTIONS IN ASIA !• Campaign for a death penalty free AsiaBeyond the moral, religious or political reflectionsraised by the debate on death penalty, this penalpunishment breaks rules of international law.• The death penalty violates human rights: everyinternational convention concerning human rightsrecognizes the right no to be subjected to cruel,inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment.The conditions of detention, the wait pendingexecution and the execution itself must be regarded asinhuman and degrading treatments.• The death penalty breaks international law: the deathpenalty is often applied in violation of internationalhuman rights standards which prohibit the execution ofthe mentally ill and of child offenders, as well asexecutions after unfair trial. A handful of statescontinue to execute child offenders. Iran executedeight in 2007, Saudia Arabia one and Yemen one.Concerning the execution of the mentally ill, AngelMaturino Reséndiz was executed in 2006 despitecompelling evidence that he suffered from seriousmental illness.• The international justice excludes the death penaltyfor extremely grave crimes: International law tendstowards global abolition and encourages States toabolish the death penalty. The International CriminalCourt since July, 1st 2002 and the InternationalCriminal Tribunals (Former Yugoslavia, theInternational Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the SpecialCourt for Sierra Leone, the Special Panels for SeriousCrimes in Dili, Timor-Leste, and the ExtraordinaryChambers in the Courts of Cambodia) exclude thedeath penalty to punish the most serious crimes:crimes against humanity, genocide and war crimes.Nowadays, 137 countries from all regions of the worldhave abolished the death penalty in law or in practiceand ‘only’ 24 countries carried out executions in 2007.According to Amnesty International, 88% of executionsregistered took place in five countries: China, Iran,,Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the United States.In Asia 27 countries have already abolished the deathpenalty in law or in practice while 14 countriescontinue to carry out executions, but 95% of thepopulation still lives in a country with the deathpenalty.- 5-[3] WORLD DAY 2008:IT’S TIME TO END EXECUTIONS IN ASIA !• The World Coalition’s Demandsto stop executions in AsiaFor the 6th World Day of 2008, the WCADP calls forthe support of the abolitionist movement in Asia byfocusing on six countries.Three countries were chosen because progresstowards abolition has been made (India, South Koreaand Taiwan) and the other three (Japan, Pakistanand Viet nam) where there are concerns about theapplication of the death penaltyEach country is linked to a particular demand:• the introduction of moratoria on executions inIndia, South Korea and Taiwan;• the respect of transparency for the death rowinmates and the application of the deathpenalty in Japan;• the enforcement the right to fair trials inPakistan;• and the reduction of the number of capitaloffences in Vietnam.• The Appeals“We, the undersigned,Call on the Japanese government to end secrecysurrounding the death row inmates and the applicationof the death penalty and appeal to the JapaneseMinister of Justice to commute the sentence andreview the case of Hakamada Iwao, sentenced todeath in 1968 and detained in solitary confinement forthe last 28 years.Call on the Pakistani government to guarantee theright to a fair trial and appeal to the President tocommute the sentence of Younis Masih, sentenced todeath on 30 May 2007 for blasphemy following anunfair trial.Call on the Vietnamese president and government toreduce the number of offences punishable by deathand appeal to the Vietnamese president to commutethe sentence of Tang Thi Ba, a former post officetreasurer sentenced to death for embezzlement in May2008.Call on the Taiwanese government to declare amoratorium on executions with a view to abolishing thedeath penalty as provided by the UN GeneralAssembly resolution 62/149 and appeal to theTaiwanese president to commute the sentences of LiuBing-lang, Su Chien-ho and Chuang Lin-hsun knownas the “Hsichih Trio”, sentenced to death in 1991 afterthey had confessed under torture committing amurder.Call on the Indian government to declare a moratoriumon executions with a view to abolishing the deathpenalty as provided by the United Nation GeneralAssembly resolution 62/149.Call on the South Korean government to affirm themoratorium on executions with a view to abolishing thedeath penalty in law for all crimes."Download the text o [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Kit-de-mobilisation-JM2008-EN.pdf ) [2857] => Array ( [objectID] => 25148 [title] => Poster World Day 2008 [timestamp] => 1223596800 [date] => 10/10/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster World day against the death penalty 2009 [texte] => Asia: it's time to end executions [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Poster-2008-EN.pdf ) [2858] => Array ( [objectID] => 25573 [title] => Facts and Figures 2008 [timestamp] => 1223596800 [date] => 10/10/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/facts-and-figures-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Facts and Figures 2008 [texte] => [1] ABOLITIONIST AND NON-ABOLITIONIST COUNTRIESMore than two thirds of the world’s countries have abolished the death penaltyin law or practice.• 91 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes;• 11 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes exceptextraordinary crimes such as those committed in times of war;• 35 countries are de facto abolitionists: the death penalty is stillprovided for in legislation but no executions have been carried out forat least ten years.Therefore, 137 countries have abolished the death penalty de jure or defacto.Howeve r, 60 countries and territories still uphold the death penalty and usethis punishment. That said, ‘only’ 24 countries carried out executions in 2007.[2] PROGRESS MADE TOWARDSWORLD ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTYSince 1990 more than 52 countries have abolished capital punishment for allcrimes: in Africa (recent examples include Ivory Coast and Rwanda); theAmericas (Canada, Mexico and Paraguay); Asia-Pacific (Bhutan, thePhilippines and Samoa); and Europe and the South Caucasus (Armenia,Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cyprus, Montenegro and Turkey).[3] DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONSDuring 2007 at least 1,252 prisoners were executed in 24 countries and3,347 people were sentenced to death in 51 countries. These figures onlyreflect cases of which Amnesty International was aware and the actual numberis certainly higher.In 2007 88% of executions registered took place in China, the United States,Iran, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.[Asia: China and Pakistan]Amnesty International estimates that China executed at least 470 peopleduring the course of the year 2007 but the actual number is probably farhigher and the US-based organization "Dui Hua Foundation" estimates it to bearound 6,000 people. Official national statistics on the application of capitalpunishment remain a state secret. It is therefore very difficult to obtain real,reliable information on the situation of the death penalty in the country.Pakistan executed at least 135 people and about 7,500 inmates are on deathrow, including children.[Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia]According to Amnesty International’s information Iran executed at least 317people (almost twice as many as in 2006 and four times as many as 2005), SaudiArabia at least 143 and Iraq at least 33. But the true number could be higher.[United States of America]In the United States 10 States carried outexecutions in 2007, taking the lives of 42 people(compared to 53 in 2006 and 60 in 2005), thereforebringing the total number of people executed sincecapital punishment was reinstated in 1977 to 1,099.In 2006 senators in New Jersey introduced amoratorium on executions and set up a committeeto study all aspects of the application of capitalpunishment in their State. In its final report inJanuary 2007, the committee recommendedabolishing this punishment.Furthe r, from September 2007 there has been a defacto moratorium in the United States following theseizure of the Supreme Court to establish whetherthe practice of lethal injection, used by 36 federalStates, complied with the Constitution or not.Executions were suspended until 16 April 2006 whenthe Supreme Court handed over its decision. Itstated that lethal injections did no break the 8thAmendment protecting citizens against any “crueland unusual punishment”. Since April 2008, 16people have been executed in the United States.[4] METHODS OF EXECUTIONSince 2000 the following methods have been used:• decapitation (Saudi Arabia);• electrocution (United States);• hanging (Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan,Pakistan, Singapore and other countries);• lethal injection (China, United States,Guatemala, Thailand);• execution by firing squad (Belarus, China,Uzbekistan, Somalia, Taiwan, Vietnam andother countries);• stoning (Afghanistan, Iran).[5] USE OF THE DEATH PENALTYAGAINST JUVENILE OFFENDERSInternational human rights treaties forbid the useof capital punishment for all those under 18 at thetime of the crime of which they are accused. Thisban is inscribed in the International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, the American Conventionon Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights ofthe Child. More than 100 countries which stilluphold capital punishment for some crimesexpressly forbid the execution of juvenile offendersin their legislation, or should exclude this sort ofexecution as they are party to one of other of thesetreaties. However, a small number of countriescontinue to execute juvenile offenders. In 2007 atotal of ten child offenders were executed: eight inIran, one in Saudi Arabia and one in Yemen.[6] INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTSSUPPORTING ABOLITIONOne important aspect of the progress which hasbeen made recently is the adoption of internationaltreaties through which States pledge not to usecapital punishment. Currently, there are four suchtreaties:• Second Optional Protocol to theInternational Covenant on Civil and PoliticalRights, which aims to abolish the deathpenalty and has been ratified by sixty six States.Six other countries have signed the Protocol,thereby signalling their intention to become partyto this instrument at a later date;• Protocol to the American Convention onHuman Rights on the abolition of the deathpenalty, which has been ratified by nine Stateson the American continent and signed by twoothers;• Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for theProtection of Human Rights and FundamentalFreedoms (European Human Rights Convention)on the abolition of the death penalty, whichhas been ratified by 46 European States andsigned by one other;• Protocol No. 13 to the European HumanRights Convention concerning the abolition ofthe death penalty in all circumstances, whichas been ratified by 40 European States and signedby five others.The object of Protocol No. 6 to the European HumanRights Convention is the abolition of the deathpenalty in peace time. The two other protocolsprovide for the total abolition of capitalpunishment but gives States the possibility, if theyso wish, to use it exceptionally in times of wa r.Protocol No. 13 to the European Human RightsConvention provides for the total abolition of thedeath penalty in all circumstances.[Source: Amnesty International http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty] [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => file:///C:/Users/Ordi/Downloads/Faits%20et%20chiffres-JM2008-EN.pdf ) [2859] => Array ( [objectID] => 4896 [title] => Asia-Pacific youths oppose the death penalty in pictures [timestamp] => 1223596800 [date] => 10/10/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/asia-pacific-youths-oppose-the-death-penalty-in-pictures/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International's Asia Pacific Youth Network has been collecting photos of young people protesting against capital punishment in the lead up to World Day Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => As the World Coalition puts the spotlight on Asia on October 10, APYN has decided to rally its members and their friends via the social networking website, Facebook.The network invited young activists to send a picture of themselves holding a placard featuring an abolitionist slogan or logo.The resulting portrait gallery is being sent today to the governments of the World Day's six target countries in Asia. " [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2860] => Array ( [objectID] => 4897 [title] => Europe launches diplomatic offensive against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1223596800 [date] => 10/10/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/europe-launches-diplomatic-offensive-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since 2007, October 10 is also the European Day Against the Death Penalty. Numerous European politicians have chosen this day to state their opposition to capital punishment. [texte] => On October 10, the European Union 27-state bloc and the Council of Europe (47 states) signed a joint declaration confirming their commitment to continue to work towards the universal abolition of the death penalty.The presidents of the European Parliament, of the Council and of the European Commission, on the EU side, and the president of the Parliamentary Assembly, the chairman of the Committee of Ministers and the secretary general of the Council of Europe took part in the ceremony.European Commissioner for freedom, justice and security Jacques Barrot (pictured here on the right with European Parliament president Hans-Gert Pöttering) said: "Europe has created a "de facto" death penalty-free zone stretching from Iceland in the west to Vladivostok in the east and from Norway in the north to the south-east of Turkey – this is one of Europe's greatest achievements." He insisted that further efforts are necessary, adding: "This is the reason the European Commission works side by side with NGOs that are active in this field and supports abolitionist actions."Terry Davis, secretary general of the Council of Europe, remarked that all the organisation's member states have abolished the death penalty, except Russia which has implemented a moratorium. He added: "Two of our observer states - Canada and Mexico - have also abolished the death penalty. The other two - Japan and the USA - continue to execute people. The European Day against the Death Penalty is an opportunity to remind them that they are out of step with rest of the democratic and civilised world.""A challenge" for LebanonIn the Lebanon, Patrick Laurent, head of the Delegation of the European Commission, wrote a column in several newspapers, including the English-speaking Daily Star. He explained that the EU was "the world's leading donor" to abolitionist projects. He welcomed the moratorium in place in Lebanon, but regretted that death sentences were handed down in the country in 2008. The death penalty is progressively being abolished worldwide, most recently by Albania, Argentina, Rwanda, Uzbekistan, and the US state of New Jersey. We hope that in a near future Lebanon will join them by ditching its moratorium in favor of a permanent revocation of the death penalty, with the support of the Lebanese people," he concluded.On the same day, Lebanese Justice Minister Ibrahim Najjar announced that he would send a bill removing the death penalty from the country's criminal law to Parliament "as soon as possible".In Uganda, EU Ambassador Vicent De Vischer also encouraged the authorities to abolish capital punishment. He was speaking at the lauch of a book entitled Abolition of the death penalty, organised by the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative, a World Coalition member organisation.Appeal in Le MondeIn France, Hélène Flautre, who chairs the European Parliament's sub-commission on human rights, joined other parliamentarians and activists in co-signing a column by Paris Bar Association President Christian Charrière-Bournazel headlined "Appeal for Troy Davis and all the others..." and published in Le Monde newspaper.The text uses the example of US death row inmate Troy Davis to highlight the unbearable character of the death penalty in the face of possible miscarriages of justice. "It is the honour of a great country to accept the idea that mistakes can be made. It is also an honour to make sure that no innocent person can be unjustly punished", it read.Staying in France, Junior Minister for Human Rights Rama Yade welcomed the global trend towards abolition, remarking that four countries have abolished the death penalty since October 10, 2007. "France is determined to make that process irreversible", she said.Malta's foreign affairs minister, Tonio Borg, pointed out that the World and European Days Against the Death Penalty came just before the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which includes the right to life. "This anniversary should inspire us to do all we can to achieve the global abolition of capital punishment," he said. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon [1] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2861] => Array ( [objectID] => 4898 [title] => World Coalition calls on Liberia to regain its leading abolitionist role [timestamp] => 1222905600 [date] => 02/10/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-calls-on-liberia-to-regain-its-leading-abolitionist-role/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Details have emerged on the recent enactment of legislation asserting the death penalty in Liberia. The World Coalition has offered authorities in Monrovia its support to put Liberia back on the path to abolition. [texte] => Last July, Liberia passed legislation that made armed robbery resulting in death a crime punishable by death. The news shocked the international abolitionist community as it came from a state considered to be party to the UN’s Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, an international treaty that abolishes capital punishment definitively.According to UN documents, Liberia became a state party to the Protocol through accession, i.e. a commitment from the government that does not require confirmation from the Parliament. This, however, is not the opinion of some Liberian political parties, which led a powerful campaign in favour of the death penalty to combat the country’s rising crime problem earlier this year.Legal analysis by Justice Minister Philip Banks now shows that there was a recognized parliamentary assembly in place at the time of the accession and that the Second Optional Protocol does not bind Liberia in international law as long as its participation is not ratified by lawmakers.When opposition MPs secured a majority in favour of death penalty legislation and asked President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf to sign it into law, she could therefore not use the Protocol to block it. “Such deviation by the President from the Constitution and an effective infringement on the prerogatives of the Legislature could prompt legislative backlash and could even cause some persons to advocate impeachment”, Minister Banks argued. “A nation just out of war and still in the infancy of the process of healing can ill afford the luxury of such a process”, he added.A right to commute or pardon death sentencesHowever, the minister also pointed out that the President has a constitutional right to commute or pardon every death sentence. President Sirleaf has publicly stated her opposition to the death penalty and she reaffirmed her opposition to it in a meeting with law professor Speedy Rice. Rice travelled to Monrovia earlier this month and met with her on behalf of the World Coalition.The President will hopefully follow into the footsteps of her forerunners, who commuted all death sentences and enforced a de-facto moratorium even before the country signed the Second Optional Protocol.Following Rice’s visit to Monrovia, the World Coalition will send a follow-up letter to President Sirleaf. “We are encouraging Liberia to ratify the Second Optional Protocol in accordance with its Constitution and to take the lead of African abolitionist countries again”, Prof Rice said. “We can provide assistance by organising seminars, etc.”, he added.Having met President Sirleaf and Minister Banks as well as the Solicitor General, Rice hopes that the government will submit a ratification bill during the next parliamentary session, which starts in early 2009. “It will not be until next spring or summer, but we can hope for next year”, he said.As a first step, the World Coalition currently calls on Liberia to vote in favour of the UN resolution calling for a global moratorium on the death penalty, which will be debated at the UN General Assembly in the coming weeks. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liberia [1] => Liberia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2862] => Array ( [objectID] => 4899 [title] => Argentina definitively abolishes the death penalty [timestamp] => 1221696000 [date] => 18/09/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/argentina-definitively-abolishes-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The country has ratified the UN's Second Optional Protocol, which makes it impossible to reinstate the death penalty. The World Coalition is currently campaigning in favour of that international treaty. [texte] => On September 2, Argentina ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. The country had signed the treaty in December 2006 (photo). The ratification means that Argentina is unreservedly committed to abolishing the death penalty in a total and definitive manner for all crimes.The country was already a good way on the road to abolition as it had got rid of capital punishment for common crimes and article 18 of its constitution states the “total abolition of the death penalty for political reasons”. Last August, the reform of the Military justice code led to the deletion of all references to the death penalty for military crimes.Last stepArgentina took the last step by ratifying the Second Optional Protocol. Under a 1994 constitutional amendment, international treaties signed by Argentina are equivalent to constitutional rules.The ratification of the Protocol therefore enshrines the complete and irreversible abolition of the death penalty into Argentina's constitution and expresses the country's will to make capital punishment illegal on its soil.After the Second Optional Protocol, Argentina ratified a treaty aiming at abolishing the death penalty at the regional level on September 5. It had signed that Organisation of American States-sponsored treaty in December 2006 too.Argentina is now a state party to every regional human rights treaty in America. Those ratifications give a boost to efforts for the abolition of the death penalty oelsewhere in America, especially in the Caribbean.Find out more about the Second Optional Protocol [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Argentina ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2863] => Array ( [objectID] => 4900 [title] => Filming in the darkness of China’s death row [timestamp] => 1221609600 [date] => 17/09/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/filming-in-the-darkness-of-chinas-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Night Train, a Chinese film featuring a couple faced with the absurdity of the death penalty, is coming out in DVD. [texte] => Wu Hongyan works as a prison officer in a courthouse in western China. She takes care of women on death row, most of which were sentenced in crime passionnel cases.One day, Wu falls for Li Jun. But she soon discovers the man she loves was married to one of the women she executed.Wu longs for love, Li for revenge, but they are both facing the wall of the death penalty. They are the protagonists of a sad and hard, yet beautiful film.Diao Yi Nan, who directed Night Train, said that he started filming to escape a nightmare that kept haunting him: “I was sentenced to death by a court and I suddenly woke up in a sweat, terribly anguished.”“The death penalty does not solve anything”Although Diao's purpose was not to shoot a militant film, he clearly opposes capital punishment: “The death penalty does not solve anything, even when it targets a murderer”, he said. In a country where “moral values are under threat”, he thinks that “those people who let their emotions take control are in favour of the death penalty”.The film also deals with the influence of corruption and brutality on Chinese society, including the judiciary.Night Train was shown at the 2007 Cannes Festival as part of the “Un certain regard” selection. As the October 10 World Day Against the Death Penalty is set to focus on Asia, the film is now coming out in DVD and the World Coalition is the official partner of the French release.Watch the trailerOrder the DVD from distributor Trigon Films [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2864] => Array ( [objectID] => 4901 [title] => Death row inmates and abolitionists take Uganda’s death penalty to court [timestamp] => 1221091200 [date] => 11/09/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-row-inmates-and-abolitionists-take-ugandas-death-penalty-to-court/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Hundreds of Ugandan death row inmates and those who support them are awaiting a final decision in the constitutional case they have taken against the death penalty in their country. [texte] => On July 4 last, Uganda's Supreme Court heard both sides' arguments in a five-year long legal battle against the death penalty. The government wants to retain the death penalty as a constitutional form of punishment, while all 417 prisoners who were on death row in 2003 then took a court case against capital punishment, which “amounts to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment their lawyer”, according to their lawyer, Frederick Ssempebwa.The constitutionality of hanging, Uganda's method of execution, was also questioned in the case.Since then, Ssempebwa's legal firm has been providing free legal representation for the petitioners. They have received support from the Death Penalty Project, a British NGO that offers legal help to people facing the death penalty around the world. According to documents published by the Death Penalty Project at the time, “the case is of huge significance as it represents a broad constitutional challenge to all aspects of the death penalty in Uganda”.A first victoryIn June 2005, Susan Kigula and her 416 fellow death row prisoners claimed a first victory in the Constitutional Court. The judges ruled that mandatory death sentences, as well as a delay of more than three years between the death sentence and the execution, was unconstitutional.All the petitioners fell under either condition, and the decision meant that all their death sentences were overturned. However, the Constitutional Court's decision failed to outlaw the principle of the death penalty.Uganda's Attorney General then took the case to the Supreme Court, arguing that mandatory sentences should remain constitutional. In turn, the 417 petitioners appealed the ruling, hoping that the courts would ban the death penalty completely.Final stageWith last July's hearing, the case has entered its final stage. In its latest newsletter, the Foundation for Human Rights Initiative (FHRI), a Ugandan member of the World Coalition that has supported the petitioners since 2003, reported that the case was heard in “a packed court room”. According to FHRI, there are now more than 900 death row inmates in Uganda, all of which are “eagerly awaiting the judgement”.According to the Ugandan newspaper Daily Monitor, the case holds hope for anti-death penalty activists: “For the most part, the government’s legal team looked ill-prepared, and there were instances that just fell short of resulting in embarrassment”, it reported.However, they will need patience as the Supreme Court has warned that it would take time to make a decision. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uganda ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2865] => Array ( [objectID] => 4902 [title] => Africa takes a good look at the death penalty [timestamp] => 1217894400 [date] => 05/08/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/africa-takes-a-good-look-at-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A working group of the African Commission on Human and People's Rights is preparing a report on capital punishment on the continent. [texte] => The Working Group on the Death Penalty of the African Commission on Human and People's Rights (ACHPR) is in the process of putting together a far-reaching document on the death penalty in Africa to serve as a foundation for its work – with help from the World Coalition.At its first meeting since its creation, in Swaziland last May, the Working Group decided to expand on the terms of reference for its mandate from an earlier draft. The new document will examine historical aspects of the death penalty on the continent from the pre-colonial period to this day and explore the legal context of capital punishment, both within Africa and internationally.It will also expose the arguments for and against the death penalty and the perspective of a moratorium and outline possible strategies for the the ACHPR.The World Coalition, which has observer status in the Working Group, was asked to provide information for the experts in charge of drafting the document. Liévin Ngondji of Culture for Peace and Justice, a DRC-based member organisation of the World Coalition, took part in the Swaziland meeting to this effect. The International Federation of Human Rights Leagues (FIDH), another World Coalition member, also has observer status.Information, including that provided by World Coalition members, is currently being compiled and the document will be discussed at an open forum in Kigali in November before the Woking Group formally adopts it.First mention in 1999The ACHPR first mentioned the death penalty in a 1999 resolution, calling on all African states to :“a) limit the imposition of the death penalty only to the most serious crimes ;b) consider establishing a moratorium on executions of death penalty;c) reflect on the possibility of abolishing death penalty.”It then established the Working Group on the Death Penalty in 2005.According to a 2007 report by Lilian Chenwi, a researcher at the University of Pretoria's Centre for Human Rights, “placing the death penalty in the Commission's agenda and establishing the Working Group on the Death Penalty are major steps towards the abolition of the death penalty in Africa”.However, she also wrote that “resources constraints are already hampering the functioning of the group”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Eswatini ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2866] => Array ( [objectID] => 4903 [title] => Mexican executed in Texas [timestamp] => 1217894400 [date] => 05/08/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mexican-executed-in-texas/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Jose Medellin, a Mexican sentenced to death in Texas, was executed on August 5 despite serious flaws in his trial. The Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty denounces an "irrevocable breach of international law". [texte] => The impending execution of Mr. Jose Medellin has set off an international dispute and a U.S. Supreme Court rebuke of the White House. The pending execution of Jose Medellín in Texas threatens to put the United States into irrevocable breach of its undisputed international obligations, damaging our national reputation as a reliable player in the international community and threatening the security of individual Americans abroad – travelers, missionaries, businesspeople, students, or any other American citizen who is in a foreign country for any reason. Mr. Medellin, a foreign national, will be the 1116th U.S. execution since the death penalty was re-legalized in 1976, the 410th Texas execution, and the 171st execution since Rick Perry became governor in 2001.The Supreme Court refused to hear Mr. Medellin’s appeal in March, saying that President Bush overstepped his authority by ordering Texas to reopen his case and the cases of 50 other Mexican nationals condemned for murders in the U.S. Texas officials refused to comply with Bush’s demands. During the 6 years that President Bush served as Texas governor, 152 inmates were executed in the Texas death chamber, the nation’s leading executioner.Mr. Medellin was never advised by Texas authorities of his right as a detained foreign national to seek consular assistance, as required under article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR). With the violation of the treaty, Mr. Medellin was deprived of the extensive assistance that Mexico provides for the defense of its citizens facing capital charges in the U.S. The Mexican Consulate did not learn about the case until nearly four years after Mr. Medellin’s arrest, which was after the trial, the initial appeal affirming his conviction, and the death sentence had been granted.An investigation funded by the Mexican Consulate has found that Mr. Medellin grew up in an abject poverty environment in Mexico and was exposed to gang violence after he arrived in Houston where he joined his parents when he was nine years old. He has also suffered from depression, suicidal tendencies and alcohol dependency. If his trial lawyers had consulted with the Mexican consulate, experts and investigators could have been retained to present the full range of mitigating evidence to the sentencing jury. Pretrial monitoring by the Consulate could have exposed and remedied the inadequate legal representation that Mr. Medellin was receiving.During the investigation and prosecution of Mr. Medellin’s case, his court-appointed lead lawyer was under a six-month suspension from practicing law for acting unethically in another case, according to the clemency petition. While the attorney was suspended, he continued to represent Mr. Medellin. Prior to the trial, the lawyer was held in contempt of court and arrested for violating his suspension. The attorney was spending time on his own case instead of preparing for his client’s defense.Records indicate that the only investigator for the defense spent a total of eight hours on the case prior to the trial. The defense attorney failed to oppose the selection of jurors who indicated that they would automatically impose the death penalty and called no witnesses during the guilt phase of the trial.On 14 July 2008, a bill known as the Avena Case Implementation Act was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives. Under its terms, José Medellín and other affected foreign nationals would be granted access to "appropriate remedies" through the domestic courts for VCCR violations, including the reversal "of the conviction or sentence, where appropriate." The bill has been referred to the House Judiciary Committee for review, but insufficient time remains for it to be passed into law before Medellín’s scheduled execution. If the August 5th execution proceeds: In light of this execution and the failure of the United States to abide by its international commitments, it is more crucial than ever that Congress act quickly to restore the United States’ footing as a responsible and law-abiding leader of nations. This must happen before any additional executions proceed without the necessary judicial hearing, lest we risk additional damage to our international reputation and to the safety of Americans abroad. Similar legislation is expected to be introduced in the Texas Legislature when it reconvenes in early 2009.On July 16, 2008, the International Court of Justice issued "provisional measures" in the cases of José Medellín and four other Mexican nationals facing execution in Texas (the other four do not currently have execution dates). The ICJ ordered the United States "to take all measures necessary" to ensure that these individuals “are not executed… unless and until these five Mexican nationals receive review and reconsideration." The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights has also issued “precautionary measures" calling on Texas not to execute José Medellín until the Commission has ruled on his petition asserting that he was deprived of a fair trial. The Avena case involves 51 Mexican nationals who did not receive consular access when they were arrested in the United States, in violation of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. In 2004, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued a decision in a case filed by Mexico on their behalf and determined that each Mexican national was entitled to a judicial hearing to ascertain whether he was harmed by the violation of his Vienna Convention rights. The ICJ is the agreed-upon arbiter of international disagreements such as this one. In the vast majority of cases, the U.S. has failed to provide the judicial hearings mandated by the ICJ’s 2004 judgment.The Bush Administration and every Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court agree that the U.S. has an international legal obligation to comply with the Avena judgment, and Congress has prepared legislation to implement that judgment.Mr. Medellin is scheduled to die for his participation in the 1993 gang rape and strangulation deaths of 2 teenage girls, Jennifer Ertman and Elizabeth Pena, in Houston when they stumbled upon a gang initiation rite. It is a horrific crime and the perpetrators of the crime must be held responsible for their actions, however Medellín has not received the judicial review mandated by the ICJ; his execution without that review would result in an irrevocable breach of international law.Dr. Rick Halperin, President of the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, decried the execution stating, "Despite the horrific nature of the crime, the state should not be resorting to using another act of homicidal violence to enact what it labels as "justice". The willful disregard of international Vienna Convention rights endangers all Americans everywhere in the world." [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mexico [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2867] => Array ( [objectID] => 4904 [title] => DVD carries the voice of abolitionists in Asian languages [timestamp] => 1217808000 [date] => 04/08/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/dvd-carries-the-voice-of-abolitionists-in-asian-languages/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A DVD released by ADPAN features a campaigning video made from interviews with international anti-death penalty activists in 13 Asian languages. [texte] => Activists - all members of the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) - speak in their own language but viewers can choose between subtitles in the folowing languages: Hindi, Thai, Korean, Tagalog, Tamil, Mongolian, Japanese, Malaysian, Bahasa Indonesian, Lao, Chinese, Urdu, Khmer and English.This release of this video, taped at the 2007 Paris World Congress, comes as the World Coalition prepares World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10, which will focus on Asia this year.The DVD was produced by Amnesty International and lasts three minutes. It can be distributed and aired freely. To get you own copy (free for ADPAN members) contact Amnesty International's audiovisual office.Watch an extract from the DVD below. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => India [2] => Indonesia [3] => Japan [4] => Lao People's Democratic Republic [5] => Mongolia [6] => Pakistan [7] => Philippines [8] => Republic of Korea [9] => Thailand [10] => Viet Nam ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2868] => Array ( [objectID] => 4905 [title] => Thai seminars explore religious perspectives on the death penalty [timestamp] => 1217808000 [date] => 04/08/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/thai-seminars-explore-religious-perspectives-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Thai human rights activists led by the Union for Civil Liberty (UCL) organised a series of seminars with religious leaders to raise their awareness and discuss their perspectives on abolition. [texte] => Four meetings on religious support for the abolition of the death penalty have taken place in the past weeks at different locations in Thailand, with one more seminar scheduled in August. Between 25 and 80 people attended each of the events.Buddhist monks and academics joined lawyers and human rights activists in Chiangmai on June 30, in Ubon Ratchathani on July 7 and in Bangkok on July 15 and 16, while Muslim representatives and scholars attended another seminar on July 12 in Bangkok. Discussions also took place between the UCL and Christian clerics.According to the 2000 census, Thailand's population is 94.6% Buddhist, 4.6% Muslim and 0.7% Christian.Incompatible with Buddhist principlesMost of the Buddhist monks who attended the seminars said that they had not given much thought to the issue of the death penalty before, as it is important for them not to get involved in political issues. However, when confronted with the reality of capital punishment, they deemed it incompatible with Buddhist principles.Although Buddhists believe that those who behave badly will be punished, they reject any form of killing. They also promote the reformation of human beings who have committed evil acts, as illustrated in the story of Angulimala – a murderer who repented and became a monk after meeting the Buddha. “If we wish to promote Buddhism, and are Buddhists, we should abolish the death penalty to follow the Buddha,” said one participant.However, many expressed doubt that Thailand's society and legal system could get rid of the death penalty quickly, and made the point that the abolition of capital punishment should be part of a wider effort to reform society according to Buddhist principles.The participants in the seminar on Muslim perspectives, which took place at the Foundation of the Islamic Centre of Thailand, stressed that the death penalty in itself could not be abolished according to Islamic law. A legal scholar explained that capital punishment is enjoined in the Koran by the word of Allah and cannot be challenged. Although they disagreed with the Buddhist view that individuals can reform themselves, they shared the Buddhist view that “compassion and loving kindness” can lead to mercy.A discussion took place on the Muslim practice of commuting a death sentence after the payment of compensation if the family of a murdered victim approve, and on the need for undeniable evidence involving four witnesses before a death sentence can be passed under Sharia law.A Muslim scholar later said that he would have no difficulty with the idea of a moratorium on the death penalty in the present rule of imperfect law.“Monks have a great influence”Danthong Breen of UCL said that the idea of the seminars came after an FIDH report three years ago found that Buddhist monks, while opposed to the death penalty in principle, never discussed the issue.The project was conforted by discussions with high-ranking government officials, who considered the abolition of capital punishment but did not want to go against popular support for it.“How do we get to the people? Monks have a great influence”, Danthong Breen recalled thinking. In the past two years, he sought funding for the series of seminars and obtained it from the European Union and the French and Dutch governments.He was impressed by the effect information and discussion can have on participants. “Most came in 100% supportive of the death penalty, and we managed to turn many of them around within the day”, he said.An unexpected consequence of the project was a boost to the morale of those sentenced to death. “I visited a death row prisoner who was fascinated and asked me to get material about the seminars for him and the other prisoners”, Danthong Breen said.Following the initial series of meetings, UCL is planning to organise a large number of smaller events throughout the country. “It would be a two-hour programme with a multimedia presentation showing what an execution looks like, as many people do not know about it”, he said.Danthong Breen is now looking for funding to develop that second part of the programme and hopes to enrol other NGOs and some of the participants in the initial seminars as speakers to lead discussions in Buddhist temples, mosques and churches throughout Thailand.Find out more from the "Death Penalty Thailand" blog [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Thailand ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Murder Victims' Families [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2869] => Array ( [objectID] => 4906 [title] => 6th World Day Against the Death Penalty: open your eyes on Asia [timestamp] => 1217808000 [date] => 04/08/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/6th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-open-your-eyes-on-asia/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/74a3dabec1b4176a64b2d22bcd87b3ad_2.gif [extrait] => On 10 October 2008, World Day Against the Death Penalty, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty calls on all citizens around the world to take action to end executions in Asia. [texte] => Responding to the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty's appeal, citizens, national and international institutions and NGOs rally together every year on 10 October to oppose the use of the death penalty and to recall that its abolition is a universal struggle.This year, they have decided to turn their eyes on Asia. According to Amnesty International, at least 664 executions have been reported in Asia in 2007. The real figures are believed to be much higher. A recent study by Franklin Zimring and David Johnson estimates that 85 to 95% of the world's executions take place in Asia.A growing number of countries in the region, however, have committed to the abolition of the death penalty. This Sixth World Day is an opportunity to publicly oppose the use of this inhuman, cruel and degrading punishment and to support those in the Asian region who are fighting for its abolition. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2870] => Array ( [objectID] => 4907 [title] => Liberia illegally restores the death penalty [timestamp] => 1217203200 [date] => 28/07/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/liberia-illegally-restores-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => New Liberian legislation makes some violent crimes punishable by death, in violation of the country's international obligations. [texte] => On July 15, the Liberian Senate adopted a law establishing the death penalty for homicides committed during acts of armed robbery, terrorism or piracy, confirming a previous vote of the Chamber of representatives. President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (photo), who could have opposed the legislation, signed it into law a few days later.The vote takes place at a time when the whole country is going through an unprecedented wave of robbery with criminals going as far as kidnapping children to get a ransom.Liberian politicians welcomed the decision, which Isaac Red, the Chamber of Representatives’ spokesman hailed as a “way to come out of the nightmare of insecurity”. But it has been sharply criticized by representatives of the civil society.Dempster Brown, who heads a coalition of human rights defense movements, notes that none of these organizations have been consulted. “The government’s decision is not a good one because the UN opposes death penalty.”On Dec 2007, the UN General Assembly adopted at a large majority a resolution to introduce a moratorium on executions that requires states that already abolished the death penalty not to restore it.A decision that contradicts international commitmentsThe law goes against Liberia’s international commitments. On September 16, 2005, the national transitional government subscribed to a hundred international treaties. According to official UN documents, Liberia then adhered to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, by way of accession.The Protocol commits its members to three main obligations: it forbids them to resort to executions, asks that members abolish the death penalty within their jurisdictions and abstain from reintroducing it.The World Coalition is currently campaigning for the treaty’s ratification.Liberia should in principle abolish the death penalty but some members of parliament have been questioning the Protocol’s status. “The President may have signed an international document aiming at abolishing the death penalty, but the Parliament knew nothing about. No such document was ratified by the assembly,” Isaac Red said. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Liberia [1] => Liberia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2871] => Array ( [objectID] => 4908 [title] => Interview: Pakistan on its way to a moratorium? [timestamp] => 1216944000 [date] => 25/07/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/interview-pakistan-on-its-way-to-a-moratorium/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pakistan's new government has called on all death sentences in the country to be commuted to life imprisonment. Pakistani lawyer and human rights defender Kamran Arif believes a moratorium is at hand. [texte] => Some observers believe the measure will go through, others doubt it. Pakistani lawyer and human rights defender Kamran Arif told Worldcoalition.org why he is confident that a moratorium is at hand.What is the latest news on the Pakistani government's to have all death sentences commuted?It was approved by the cabinet, but the Supreme Court issued a notice to the government regarding its constitutionality. Technically, it is on hold until the Court returns from vacation in September. At the moment, people are still in death cells, facing execution.Why did the government make that decision? The founder of the ruling Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, was hanged in 1979. They know first-hand what the judicial system is like. Under Benazir Bhutto's first government, they commuted all death sentences and no one was executed.She wanted to do away with the death penalty and this is still in the PPP's mind. I think they have a long term commitment to the abolition of capital punishment, but they won't articulate it right now.What are the obstacles to the abolition of the death penalty in Pakistan?Public opinion is in favour of the death penalty. The argument is religious: this is an area where religious law clashes with state law, although Muslims admit that murderers can be pardoned by the family of their victim.The PPP have made no public statement on their opposition to the death penalty, but if growing pressure was applied on them and if there was a swing in public opinion, it would encourage them.What can anti-death penalty activists do to support the government's initiative?They should both support the government and put pressure on them to live up to their commitment. We will also fight whatever legal battles have to be fought. The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan has been considering becoming a party to the Supreme Court case, and we are trying to find out when the Court will hear the government on the commutations order. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Pakistan [1] => Pakistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2872] => Array ( [objectID] => 4909 [title] => Taiwan visit raises hopes of local abolitionists [timestamp] => 1215561600 [date] => 09/07/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/taiwan-visit-raises-hopes-of-local-abolitionists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A recent visit to Taiwan by a joint World Coalition-ADPAN delegation left the impression that the Asian island was on course to “join a global trend towards abolition of the death penalty”, as was reported in the local media. [texte] => At the request of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, the World Coalition and the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network sent a mission to Taipei in June. American law professor Speedy Rice, who made the trip along with Japanese lawyer Maiko Tagusari and Amnesty International's China researcher Mark Allison, described the visit as “constructive”.He said that a lot of positive elements were there to encourage a move towards abolition. Taiwan's newly elected president, Ma Ying-Jeou, never signed a death warrant when he was justice minister in the 1990s. The current justice minister, for her part, is a former human rights lawyer who opposes capital punishment. No execution has taken place in Taiwan in the past two years.The Coalition's visit intended to highlight that situation and build up “political will for abolition”, Rice said. World Coalition members wanted to give abolitionist ideas a boost among Taiwanese leaders, as they are still cautious about reactions in the public opinion: “Many people have strong beliefs on the topic of ending capital punishment”, President Ma said at a meeting with the delegation (photo). “However, it is important to reach a social consensus on the issue.” According to opinion polls, 77% of the population supports capital punishment.Removing the death penalty for non-violent crimesThe mission also met with Judicial Yuan President Lai In-Jaw and Legislative Yuan Vice-President Tseng Yung-Chuan.“We discussed ways of reducing the the application of the death penalty and the possibility of removing it for non-violent crimes”, said Rice. He received assurances that the proposal would be put forward soon.The World Coalition delegation also held talks with the Taipei Bar Association, which showed interest in establishing links with the international abolitionist community. As a result, several Coalition members are now looking into the possibility of exchange programmes and training session for Taiwanese criminal defence lawyers.“Although Taiwanese officials did not provide a clear plan for adopting a moratorium, all of the officials responded positively to the mission's inquiries”, said Lin Hsin-Yi, executive director of the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, adding: “The mission served as an excellent way for the TAEDP to continue advocating and end to the death penalty with the new government.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Taiwan [1] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2873] => Array ( [objectID] => 4910 [title] => State-sponsored report finds California’s death penalty is “dysfunctional” [timestamp] => 1215561600 [date] => 09/07/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/state-sponsored-report-finds-californias-death-penalty-is-dysfunctional/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A recent report from a far-reaching commission established by the Californian senate on the administration of capital punishment in the state concluded that “the system is broken”. [texte] => Since 2004, attorneys, prosecutors, judges, police officers and academics have been investigating the dysfunctional aspects of California's judiciary as members of the senate-established California Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice (CCFAJ).The CCFAJ's latest report, on the administration of the death penalty, is damning for their state's capital punishment system.California – the most populous US state – has the largest population on death row, with 670 inmates. The CCFAJ found that the average delay between sentence and execution was over 20 years. “Just to keep cases moving at this snail’s pace, we spend large amounts of taxpayers’ money each year: by conservative estimates, well over one hundred million dollars annually”, the report states.Possibility of wrongful executionsWhile the report does not describe cases of wrongful executions, it states: “The Commission cannot conclude with confidence that the administration of the death penalty in California eliminates the risk that innocent persons might be convicted and sentenced to death.”To reduce this risk, and to respond to testimonies from murder victim's relatives who expressed distress at being unable to get justice in their lifetime or who plainly opposed the death penalty, the CCFAJ recommends a series of reforms. Most of them involve extra funding, to reduce delays and to ensure that death row inmates have adequate legal representation.The state's coffers, however, are empty. As a result, and although it was not in the Commission's remit to examine the prospect of abolition, its report suggests “alternatives” to the use of the death penalty: “First, to reduce the number of death penalty cases in the system by narrowing the list of special circumstances that make one eligible for the death penalty, and second, to replace the death penalty with a maximum penalty of lifetime incarceration without the possibility of parole.”“A historical report” for abolitionistsCalifornian lawyer and Death Penalty Focus board member Elizabeth Zitrin (photo) welcomed the report as a boost to the abolitionist cause in her state. “It is a historical commission and report. It will be a very important tool for us”, she said.Just like Californian abolitionists, the report addresses the issue of mandatory death sentences on a county-by-county basis, and suggests their limitation.Zitrin said that the CCFAJ's findings would help convince public officials thanks to its bi-partisan structure and the participation of law enforcement officers in its preparation: “It is not anti-death penalty nor pro-death penalty”, she explained.Abolitionists will also use the report in campaigns directed at public opinion. “The death penalty was established by a vote of the people and can only be removed in the same way”, Zitrin said. “We therefore need to educate the public about the realities of the death penalty. This report will help us.”Download the report here [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2874] => Array ( [objectID] => 4911 [title] => World Forum an opportunity to gather abolitionists [timestamp] => 1215129600 [date] => 04/07/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-forum-an-opportunity-to-gather-abolitionists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As the World Coalition held its general meeting in Nantes at the end of June, discussions focussed on the involvement of corporations and local authorities. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty held its annual general meeting in Nantes, France on June 30 as part of the World Forum on Human Rights.The event – one of the few opportunities for international abolitionists to meet face to face – gathered Coalition members from all over the world.The afternoon session was opened to other participants in the World Forum. More than 80 people came to listen to presentations and take part in debates on the evolution of the abolitionist struggle at the global level.A passionate discussion took place on the issue of corporate responsibility: should abolitionist organisations lobby for the inclusion of death penalty use in the criteria used by large corporations when they choose locations for their investment projects?Corporate social responsibility: a risky businessAccording to Elizabeth Zitrin, an American lawyer and activist with Death Penalty Focus, “money can be a motivator where morality fails”. She cited the example of the apartheid regime in South Africa, where campaigners convinced corporations to stay away from the country.US law professor and National Association of Criminal Defence Lawyers member Speedy Rice argued that the business community sometimes holds more power than governments and should be included in the struggle against the death penalty. In his opinion, a campaign on socially responsible investment could be useful towards European companies investing in the US.However, Piers Bannister, a death penalty expert at Amnesty International's international secretariat, warned about the possible waste of resources in a campaign that could be misunderstood. “Someone can interpret your message as: 'You've touched the death penalty, you're not worthy of a job.' The second you say that, they are hostile to you and will not listen to arguments against the death penalty”, he said.A small group of members have decided to investigate this issue further to see if the World Coalition should take action in the area of corporate social responsibility.In another discussion on the role of local authorities in the fight for abolition, former Tuscany region president Angelo Passaleva detailed the scope of activities a local authority can undertake against the death penalty, particularly towards young people. In a single project conducted in Tuscany, 6,000 students have seen the travelling show Not in my name across the region.Mario Marazziti, spokesman for the Community of Sant'Egidio, told the assembly of the global Cities for Life-Cities Against the Death Penalty event, which brings together hundreds of cities through special illuminations of their monuments on November 30 every year. He pointed out that when an abolitionist event is organised by a local authority, “you immediately become part of it, you can feel it”.Several World Coalition members also took advantage of the general meeting to present their activities and their projects. Among them, Carmelo Campos Cruz of the Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty detailed plans to bring together Caribbean abolitionists into a regional coalition. The Carribean Abolitionist Network should be up and running within two years.World news trickled in as Mostapha Znaidi of the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty denounced the “incoherence” between government announcements and actual progress on the death penalty in his country.Renny Cushing of Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights gave some “good news” from the US as the number of death sentences is going down there. He also said that opinion studies carried out by his organisation show the importance of offering “alternatives” to the death penalty rather than just “abolition” to gather support among American citizens.In a closing speech, Jacques Auxiette, president of the Pays de la Loire regional council, which hosted the Forum, reminded that changing attitudes towards the death penalty is a long-drawn-out and permanent job. He recalled that Robert Badinter was very unpopular back in the 1980s when, then minister for justice of France, he passed the abolition bill. He is now a renowned and respected figure, praised internationally for this achievement. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2875] => Array ( [objectID] => 4912 [title] => Marc Bossuyt: “Countries that have not signed up to the Protocol should feel isolated” [timestamp] => 1214524800 [date] => 27/06/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/marc-bossuyt-countries-that-have-not-signed-up-to-the-protocol-should-feel-isolated/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/36fbea6fdc24f6e31fd5662ea63b21b8_2.jpg [extrait] => Marc Bossuyt was UN Special Rapporteur for drawing up the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. He is now president of Belgium's Constitutional Court. [texte] => Could you explain what this Protocol is about in a few words?Marc Bossuyt: Quite simply, it says that the State parties undertake not to pass the death penalty or to execute it. The first paragraph of Article 1 is directed at the State parties as they must take all the necessary steps to abolish the death penalty in their legislation. The second paragraph grants individuals the right not to be executed.When did the international community first start to see the death penalty as a human rights issue?M. B.: This issue was actually first examined in the 1950s when the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted in 1966, was being prepared. The creators of this Covenant did not go so far as abolishing the death penalty, but in paragraph 2 of Article 6 they made application of this punishment subject to serious non-retroactive legal and procedural conditions in conformity with the provisions of the Covenant and the Convention on Genocide.Further, they encouraged States not to perform the death penalty (in paragraph 4), they excluded those under 18 and pregnant women from this punishment (in paragraph 5) and they recommended that it be abolished by stipulating (in paragraph 6) that none of the provisions in paragraph 6 may be invoked to delay or prevent abolition of capital punishment.Similarly, the Human Rights Committee noted in its general observations with regard to Article 6, adopted on 27 July 1982, that abolition is referred to in terms which unambiguously suggest that abolition is desirable. The Committee concluded that “all steps taken to abolish the death penalty must be viewed as progress towards the enjoyment of the right to life”.Did you encounter problems during the negotiations?M. B.: Some States contested the usefulness of this Protocol because they considered that all States could abolish the death penalty without becoming party to such a Protocol, which is indeed true.This text has two main aims: from a political point of view, it is a rallying point for all those who are against the death penalty, enabling them to campaign for abolition, making the objective clearer and specifying how it can be achieved. Legally speaking, the State parties undertake both not to apply capital punishment and not to restore it.The definitive nature of abolition posed some problems, particularly in France where the Constitution needed to be revised following a decision made by the Constitutional Council on 13 October 2005.Which States led adoption of the Covenant?M. B.: The Federal Republic of Germany played a leading role because it took the initiative, along with other nations from Europe and Latin America, to move towards abolition very early on.The context was very interesting because the text was adopted in December 1989 when all the changes in Eastern Europe had just begun. The Soviet Union and its allies had supported capital punishment so this issue was used to demonstrate changes within the framework of the perestroika.When the General Assembly voted, an intensive campaign by the Federal Republic of Germany was required because many States which could have opposed the Protocol or supported a request to delay the vote abstained. In a way there were a number of coincidental changes: ten years earlier it would have been very difficult because the Communist countries would not have supported the project; a few years later the Americans might have campaigned more intensively to prevent its entry into force, including procedurally.Of the 66 States which are party to the Second Optional Protocol today, only two (Azerbaijan and Greece) issued reservations which are still in force. What is the role of these reservations?M. B.: There are indeed very few reservations. Originally, they had two objectives. On the one hand, at the time when the Protocol was being prepared, capital punishment had still not been excluded at European level during times of war for military crimes. It therefore appeared difficult, even idealistic, to propose a universal instrument which went further than the conventional state of affairs in Europe at that time.On the other hand, the reservations were there to provide some flexibility with regard to what was imposed to reject any absolutism and make it easier to sign up to the Protocol.Today, hardly any States use these reservations and I would be tempted to say that this is a welcome development - it proves that, in the end, the disadvantages of accepting the possibility of making such reservations are very tenuous.In your opinion, is universal abolition of the death penalty possible? And if so, how can the States which retain the death penalty be convinced?M. B.: It is a progressive process. We must ensure that those who have not signed up to the Second Protocol feel increasingly isolated so that States which support human rights are ill at ease about not ratifying it. Perhaps we should set our sights on the United States, the only large Western country which has still not signed up to the Protocol.When the Protocol was adopted in 1989, most States still retained the death penalty and now, almost 20 years later, we have progressively reached a situation where a large majority have abolished it. Great progress has therefore been made and that is surely to be welcomed. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2876] => Array ( [objectID] => 4913 [title] => Second Optional Protocol: Frequently Asked Questions [timestamp] => 1214524800 [date] => 27/06/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/second-optional-protocol-frequently-asked-questions/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-500x251.png [extrait] => What is it? How is it implemented? You will find the answers to the most frequently asked questions about the Second Optional Protocol below. [texte] => What is the Second Optional Protocol?The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (Protocol) is the only international treaty of worldwide scope to prohibit executions and to provide for total abolition of the death penalty. This text, annexed to the United Nations’ International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1989, requires the States that ratify it to renounce the use of the death penalty definitively.Who can ratify the Protocol?The Protocol is open for signature and ratification by any State party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)When was it adopted and when did it enter into force?It was adopted by the UN General Assembly with resolution 44/128 of 15 December 1989 and it entered into force on 11 July 1991 after its tenth ratification.What does it say?The Preamble of the Protocol underscores the significance of abolition of the death penalty as a measure enhancing human rights and assumes the commitment of States parties to this end. Article 1 provides for a ban on executions and for the abolition of the death penalty within the jurisdiction of States parties. Article 2 allows States to reserve the right to apply the death penalty during wartime for serious military crimes committed during wartime. Article 6 further specifies the non-derogable nature of the ban on executions, even in times of public emergency. Articles 3, 4 and 5 concern the reporting obligations of States parties and the complaints procedure and, finally, Articles 7 to 11 cover the procedural issues.Are reservations allowed under the Protocol?Article 2 allows States to reserve the right to apply the death penalty in time of war pursuant to a conviction for a most serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime. This reservation can only be made at the time of ratification. Since no other reservation may be made at any time, States parties to the Protocol are committed to abolition even in the event of future changes in national legislation.Have States made any reservations? The current reservations read as follows:Azerbaijan: "It is provided for the application of the death penalty in time of war pursuant to a conviction of a person for a most serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime."Brazil: "... with an express reservation to article 2."Chile: "The State of Chile formulates the reservation authorised under article 2, paragraph 1, of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and may in consequence apply the death penalty in time of war pursuant to a conviction for a most serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime."Greece: “Subject to article 2 for the application of the death penalty in time of war pursuant to a conviction for a most serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime.”Salvador: "...with an express reservation permitted to States under article 2 of the Protocol, which consists on the application of the death penalty in accordance with article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of El Salvador, which reads as follows: ‘The death penalty may be imposed only in the cases provided by the military laws during an international state of war’."Cyprus, Spain and Malta have withdrawn their reservations.Azerbaijan initially made the following reservation "The Republic of Azerbaijan, adopting the [said Protocol], in exceptional cases, adopting the special law, allows the application of death penalty for the grave crimes, committed during the war or in condition of the threat of war." Following objections from France, Finland, Germany, Sweden, and Netherlands that the reservation was in contradiction with Article 2 of the Protocol, on 28 September 2000, the Government of Azerbaijan communicated to the Secretary-General a modification to its reservation made upon accession.What is the ICCPR?The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is one the core United Nations human rights Treaties. Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1966, it entered into force in 1976. Together with the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights, it makes up what is known as the International Bill of Human Rights.It covers a wide range of civil and political rights including the rights to life (article 6) and the prohibition of torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 7).How are ICCPR and its Protocols monitored? Once a State ratifies a treaty the ICCPR and/or OP2 it undertakes the duty to report regularly to the Human Rights Committee on how the rights in the treaty are being implemented. States must report initially one year after acceding to the Covenant and then whenever the Committee requests (usually every four years).In addition to the reporting procedure, article 41 of the Covenant provides for the Committee to consider inter-State complaints (for the countries that have accepted to do so). Furthermore, the First Optional Protocol to the Covenant gives the Committee competence to examine individual complaints with regard to alleged violations of the Covenant by States parties to this Protocol.The full competence of the Committee extends to the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant on the abolition of the death penalty with regard to States who have accepted the Protocol. It thereby makes recommendations for States to comply with their duties under the Protocol.The States Parties to the Second Optional Protocol have the duty to include in the reports they submit to the Human Rights Committee, in accordance with article 40 of the Covenant, information on the measures that they have adopted to give effect to the Protocol.What is the Human Rights Committee?It is the body of independent experts and monitors implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by its State parties. The Human Rights Committee is one of the UN treaty bodies, responsible for monitoring the implementation of the core human rights treaties. Currently there are seven human rights treaty bodies (for a full list of the UN treaty bodies see OHCHR website).The Human Rights Committee is composed of 18 independent experts elected for four-year renewable terms. It meets three times a year for three-week sessions, normally in Geneva and New York.The Human Rights Committee publishes its interpretation of the content of human rights provisions contained in International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, known as general comments on thematic issues or methods of work.What are the obligations of a State party to the Covenant and a State who is signatory?International human rights law lays down obligations which States are bound to respect. By becoming parties to international treaties, States assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, to protect and to fulfil human rights.Under the Second Optional Protocol the main duties of State parties are to ban executions within their jurisdiction and to take all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty within their jurisdiction.States that are signatories to the Covenant but have not yet ratified it are not bound by the obligations contained in the Covenant. However, under the law of Treaties established by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), a State which is signatory to a Convention is obliged to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a treaty.In the case of the Second Optional Protocol it can be argued that by becoming signatories to the Protocol States are prohibited from carrying out executions within their territory as this would be seen as violating the object and purpose of the treaty.Is the Second Optional Protocol the only international instrument on the death penalty?Currently there are four international treaties which provide for the abolition of the death penalty. The Second Optional Protocol is the only one of worldwide scope.The other three which have regional scope and are:Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms [European Convention on Human Rights] concerning the abolition of the death penalty, adopted by the Council of Europe in 1982, provides for the abolition of the death penalty in peacetime; States parties may retain the death penalty for crimes "in time of war or of imminent threat of war".Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms [European Convention on Human Rights] concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances, adopted by the Council of Europe in 2002, provides for the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances, including time of war or of imminent threat of war.The Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty, adopted by the General Assembly of the Organization of American States in 1990, provides for the total abolition of the death penalty but allows countries parties to retain the death penalty in wartime if they make a declaration to that effect at the time of ratifying or acceding to the Protocol.Who has already signed/ratified the Second Optional Protocol?As of 15th January 2017 84 countries are State parties to the Second Optional Protocol and 2 States had only signed the Protocol. See: Status of RatificationsIs it applicable immediately after the ratification?The Protocol provides for no delay in its implementation after ratification. Any delay in the implementation of its provisions would amount to a violation of the Protocol. In other words, from the moment a State ratifies it has the obligation not to execute anyone within its jurisdiction and to abolish the death penalty immediately.What happens with the persons already condemned to death?Given t [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2877] => Array ( [objectID] => 4914 [title] => The international responsibility of States [timestamp] => 1214352000 [date] => 25/06/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-international-responsibility-of-states/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b3714476196bb616692c6ded08e7aac7_2.jpg [extrait] => When a State ratifies a treaty, it undertakes to respect the undertakings that it has made before the whole of the international community. If it fails to meets its obligations and goes against the provisions of the treaty, it can be held responsible at international level. [texte] => In the matter of responsibility of States, two different areas must be distinguished: that of general international law, which is valid for all international areas, and the specific case of human rights law, which, because of its nature, requires a different treatment.Responsibility of States in general international lawIn general international law, States are the sole subjects of treaties. International responsibility can only be claimed by a State (or group of States) against another State (or group of States); individuals do not have any role to play at this level.The act of holding a State responsible assumes the existence of an act that can be attributed to that State and was committed in breach of one of that State’s international obligations.Attributing an act to a StateIn principle, the behaviour of all human beings, commercial companies or communities linked to the State by nationality, habitual place of residence or place of constitution, can be attributed to a State, regardless of whether or not they are linked to the public authorities.In international law, however, this principle is dismissed both to limit responsibility to behaviour that renders the State responsible as an organisation and to take account of the independence of persons acting on their own initiative and not at the instigation of a public entity.The general rule is therefore that the only behaviour attributed to a State at international level is that of its government organisations or of other entities acting at the instigation or under the direction or control of these organisations, that is, in the capacity of agents of the State.For example, the term “agents of the State” applies to representatives of the government (heads of State, ministers, diplomats) or to local authorities, as well as to members of national parliaments and members of the armed forces and police, or to any person on whom public authority is conferred, even temporarily, when they act in the context of their official duties. Outside the scope of these duties, only their personal responsibility can be invoked.Violation of a State’s international obligationViolation of an international obligation assumes that the State has not heeded a standard rule or commitment to which it subscribed when becoming party to a treaty.This violation may take several forms. It may be a positive action (such as resorting to force outside the cases listed in the UN Charter, namely legitimate defence and cases of threats to peace, interruption to peace or act of aggression; illegal occupation of a foreign territory etc), or an abstention (for example, a State must ensure, within the boundaries of its territory, that no group prepares or carries out actions that are hostile to another State. If it does not do this, it is likely to be held responsible).Methods by which States can be held responsibleThe victim State must make its complaint to the State that perpetrates the failing. The dispute must be settled peacefully (recourse to force is strictly within the United Nations Charter), and a number of possibilities are opened. Diplomatic channels are the first priority. If these fail, the States can use legal (or judicial) channels, bringing their dispute before an arbitration committee or an international jurisdiction (such as the International Court of Justice, the UN judicial body, which is the only organisation competent to handle inter-States disputes). It is at this stage that the methods for making restitution, and the amounts payable, can be determined.Consequences of a State being held responsible Being held responsible at international level gives rise to two principal obligations for a State found guilty of a violation of its obligations.On the one hand, it is required to stop the illegal activity if it is continuous in time (for example, illegal occupation of a foreign territory). The State must, where necessary, guarantee by all appropriate means before the victim State and the international community that the violation will not be repeated.On the other hand, it must re-establish the material situation that existed prior to the illegal act. If this is not possible (significant loss of life, destruction of national monuments, etc.), the State perpetrating the act must pay compensation in its capacity as author of the damages suffered.International responsibility is therefore strictly inter-State and follows a specific procedure.International human rights lawInternational human rights law is a specific discipline of international law, in that its subjects are not States, but individual people. In this regard, treaties on human rights benefit from direct effect, i.e. individual people can directly invoke these texts before national jurisdictions. The national judge will therefore be the first judge of these treaties.Creation of management organisations by the UN human rights treatiesAll the major universal human rights agreements adopted by the United Nations, namely the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD, 1965), the International Pacts Concerning Civil Rights and Politics (ICCPR, 1966) and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR, 1966), the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW, 1979), the Convention Against Torture (CAT, 1984), the Children’s Rights Convention (CRC, 1989), and the Convention Concerning Migrant Workers’ Rights (CMW, 1990), have created an organisation (generally termed “Committee”), consisting of independent experts, which is responsible for monitoring respect for and effective application of the treaty, through periodic reports submitted by party States. Frequently, however, these obligations are greatly under-respected.In some cases, and this is especially the case with the two 1966 pacts, the Committee can have what is termed “parajudicial” competence: individuals can lodge a complaint against a State for violation of one of the protected rights. However, the request must satisfy certain conditions of admissibility, and especially when the State has accepted the competence of the controlling organisation in its location. This does not always go without saying, as certain States believe that accepting the jurisdiction of an international organisation undermines their sovereignty too much; a good number of States refuse to allow an international organisation to control their actions.Procedures before the controlling organisationsIndividuals claiming that they are the victim of a treaty violation may lodge a complaint before the appropriate committee after their action before the Courts in their own State has been rejected (for example, if they are complaining of a violation of their right to freedom of expression, protected by Article 19 of the PIDCP, they may complain to the Human Rights Committee, the organisation created by the pact, after the rejection of their action before the national Courts).The Committee, if it considers that the claim is admissible and that rights have been violated, may then make recommendations to the State on the method by which the prejudice suffered by the complainant can be made good, and the State has three months in which to advise the steps it has taken to make good the violation. If the application is inadmissible, or the Committee concludes that the treaty has not been violated, the proceedings will stop.The recommendations are not a sentence in the true sense, as the committees cannot issue sanctions against States, they having considered that the imposition of a sanction would also have the effect of undermining their sovereignty.The specific case of regional systemsAt regional level, things are sometimes done differently. The most striking example is that of the European Human Rights Convention (EHRC) system. The convention has led to the establishment of a court, which is a true jurisdiction. The European Court of Human Rights can receive complaints from individuals who believe themselves to be victims of a violation of their rights by a Member State, and its competence is binding: as soon as a State ratifies the EHRC, it is automatically subject to the Court’s control.If the Court believes that the convention has been effectively violated, it can compel the State committing the violation to make reparation for it by all means, via modification of legislation, and if necessary through financial compensation.The fulfilment of decisions is monitored by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, which is the executive body of the organisation and consists of Foreign Affairs Ministers from Member States. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2878] => Array ( [objectID] => 4915 [title] => Glossary of the Second Optional Protocol [timestamp] => 1214352000 [date] => 25/06/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/glossary-of-the-second-optional-protocol/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle1-500x251.png [extrait] => From "Acceptance" to "Treaty", discover the vocabulary of international law and get a clearer picture of the Second Optional Protocol. [texte] => Acceptance/approval/ratificationRatification, acceptance and approval all refer to the act, undertaken on the international scene, whereby a State establishes its consent to be bound by a treaty.Ratification, acceptance or approval of an international treaty indicates a State’s commitment to undertake the obligations under that treaty to the international community. There is no standard process for the adoption of an instrument of ratification, it all depends on the domestic constitutional dispositions: generally, either the legislative or the executive branch is competent to do so.See articles 2(1)(b), 11, 14 and 16 of the Vienna Convention.See also: accession, State Party, signature.AccessionAccession is the act whereby a State that has not signed a treaty expresses its consent to become a party to that treaty by depositing an “instrument of accession”. Accession has the same legal effect as ratification, acceptance or approval. Accession is generally employed by States wishing to express their consent to be bound by a treaty where the deadline for signature has passed.The Second optional Protocol to the ICCPR provides for the possibility of accession (Art. 7§3)See articles 2(1)(b) and 15 of the Vienna Convention.See also: Ratification/acceptance/approval, State Party, signature.Denunciation/WithdrawalDenunciation, like withdrawal, in International Treaty Law is an act whereby a State expresses its will to put an end to its obligations regarding this particular treaty. Some international conventions provide for a possibility of denunciation (e.g. Article 58 of the European Convention on Human Rights).If the treaty remains silent on denunciation or withdrawal, it is presumed to be impossible. This presumption can be overthrown if it is proved that denunciation was admitted by the parties and if it is not incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty.The Human Rights Committee, the UN body in charge of the monitoring of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and of its two Protocols, considered in its General Comment No. 26 (December 8th 1997) that the Covenant “is not the type of treaty which, by its nature, implies a right of denunciation”. Thus it is the same for the two Protocols, which are a continuation of the Covenant.See Article 58 of the Vienna Convention.DeclarationInterpretative declarationAn interpretative declaration is a declaration by a State as to its understanding of some legal matter covered by a treaty or its interpretation of a particular provision. Unlike reservations, declarations merely clarify a State’s position and do not purport to exclude or modify the legal effect of a treaty.The Secretary-General, as depositary, pays specific attention to declarations to ensure that they do not amount to reservations.Moldova, when it ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, made an interpretative declaration to define the territorial application of the Protocol: "Until the full re-establishment of the territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova , the provisions of the Convention shall be applied only on the territory controlled effectively by the authorities of the Republic of Moldova."Mandatory declarationA mandatory declaration is a declaration specifically required by the treaty itself. Unlike an interpretative declaration, a mandatory declaration is binding on the State making it.Optional declarationAn optional declaration is a declaration that a treaty specifically provides for, but does not require. Unlike an interpretative declaration, an optional declaration is binding on the State making it.The declaration of acceptance of the competence of the Human Rights Committee under Article 41 ICCPR to receive inter-States complaints is an optional declaration, made so far by 48 States. Entry into forceDefinitive entry into forceEntry into force of a treaty is the moment in time when a treaty becomes legally binding on the parties to the treaty. The provisions of the treaty determine the moment of its entry into force. This may be a date specified in the treaty or a date on which a specified number of ratifications, approvals, acceptances or accessions have been deposited with the depositary.The Second Optional Protocol provides in its Article 8§1 that it shall enter into force three months after the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification. It entered into force on July 11th, three months after the deposit of the Spanish instrument, Spain being the tenth State party.Entry into force for a StateA treaty that is already applicable may enter into force in a manner specified in it for a State or international organization that expresses its consent to be bound by it.As for the Second Optional Protocol, the entry into force takes place three months after the deposit of the instrument of ratification. (Article 8§2)See Article 24 Vienna Convention.See also: ratification/acceptance/approval, State Party, signature Human Rights CommitteeThe Human Rights Committee is a body of eighteen independent experts that monitors the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by its State parties.All States parties are obliged to submit regular reports to the Committee on how the rights are being implemented. States must report initially one year after acceding to the Covenant and then whenever the Committee requests (usually every four years). The Committee examines each report and voices its concerns and recommendations to the State party under the form of "concluding observations”.In addition to the reporting procedure, article 41 of the Covenant provides for the Committee to consider inter-state complaints. Furthermore, the First Optional Protocol to the Covenant gives the Committee competence to examine individual complaints with regard to alleged violations of the Covenant by States parties to the Protocol.The full competence of the Committee extends to the Second Optional Protocol with regard to States who have accepted the Protocol.The Committee meets in Geneva or New York and normally holds three sessions per year.The Committee also publishes its interpretation of the content of human rights provisions, known as general comments on thematic issues or its methods of work. For example, General Comment No. 6 (1982) deals wit the right to life and General Comment No. 26 (1997) deals with the continuity of obligations and states that there is no possibility to denounce the ICCPR.See: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 16th 1966 that is considered as the extension of the 1948 Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR). Along with the UDHR and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, it forms the “International Bill of Human Rights”. The ICCPR entered into force on March, 23rd 1976 and is to date ratified by 169 States.Not only does the Covenant protect the right to life and the freedom from torture or any inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, which are considered as the most fundamental and inviolable rights, it also protects rights and liberties in the criminal (right to a fair trial, human treatment of detainees, prohibition of imprisonment because of debts, etc), and civil fields (freedom of speech, conscience and religion, prohibition of discriminations of any kind, etc).The Covenant and its two Protocols are monitored by the Human Rights Committee, a UN body in charge of scrutinising the periodic reports presented by the States parties (Article 40 ICCPR). It also examines complaints if the States have decided to accept the competence of the Human Rights Committee, for inter-States complaints by a declaration under Article 41 ICCPR, and for individual complaints by the ratification of the First Optional Protocol to the ICCPR.See also: Protocol, TreatyProtocol A protocol has the same legal characteristics as a treaty. Generally, a protocol amends, supplements or clarifies a multilateral treaty.The advantage of a protocol is that, while it is linked to the parent agreement, it can focus on a specific aspect of that agreement in greater detail.The First Optional Protocol to the ICCPR was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at the same moment as the Pact, on December 15th 1966. It provides for the possibility of individual complaints before the Human Rights Committee, enabling the individuals to complain about the violation of their rights which are guaranteed by the Covenant, to the Human Rights Committee. The Committee shall therefore act like a judicial body.The Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR is, like the First Optional Protocol, a treaty that completes the dispositions of the Covenant, particularly Article 6 of the ICCPR which deals with the right to life. The last paragraph of Article 6 of the ICCPR states that “nothing in this article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolition of capital punishment by any State Party to the present Covenant.” It is as a complement to the ICCPR that the Protocol recognises the competence of the Human Rights Committee to receive the inter States complaints, if the States parties to the ICCPR have accepted this possibility.See also: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, TreatyReservation A reservation is a statement made by a State by which it purports to exclude or alter the legal effect of certain provisions of a treaty in their application to that State. A reservation may enable a State to participate in a multilateral treaty that it would otherwise be unable or unwilling to participate in.States can make reservations to a treaty when they sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to it. When a State makes a reservation upon signing, it must confirm the reservation upon ratification, acceptance or approval. Since a [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2879] => Array ( [objectID] => 4916 [title] => Second Optional Protocol: the only global treaty aiming at the abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 1214265600 [date] => 24/06/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/second-optional-protocol-the-only-global-treaty-aiming-at-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6f560761bdbde67b0995c26424755cd6_2-500x707.jpg [extrait] => The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is an international covenant adopted in 1989 by the United Nations General Assembly. It aims to abolish the death penalty definitively. [texte] => It is the only international treaty that tackles this issue globally and is on the frontline in the UN's struggle against the death penalty.The Protocol’s impactThe Protocol is an extremely important tool at national as well as international level. Nationally, when a State ratifies the protocol, it accepts that nobody can be executed in its jurisdiction, with the possible and extremely restricted exception of those responsible for serious military crimes committed during wartime. The Protocol goes further than enabling States to establish an abolitionist stance through the use of international law: as it does not include a retraction procedure, it guarantees the permanent non-reintroduction of the death penalty nationally.Internationally, the Protocol will ensure that, in the long term, executions become definitively illegal and asserts explicitly the principal that the death penalty is a violation of human rights and, in particular, of the right to life. To achieve that, however, the number of States Parties must reach a “critical mass”.What does the Second Optional Protocol say? The Protocol’s preamble highlights the importance of the abolition of the death penalty for the protection and development of human rights and assumes States’ adherence to this goal.Article 1 covers the banning of executions and the abolition of the death penalty in the jurisdiction of States Parties. Article 2 allows States to maintain the right to use the death penalty for the most serious crimes of a military nature committed during wartime.Article 6 states that States shall not be subject to any derogation to the ban on executions, even in the event of exceptional public danger threatening the existence of the nation. Articles 3, 4 and 5 concern the obligations of States Parties regarding communications and explain how complaints can be lodged under the Protocol. Finally, Articles 7 to 11 cover procedural issues.What does it mean in practical terms? International human rights law sets obligations that States must respect: by becoming party to an international treaty, a State accepts the obligations and duties imposed by international law, i.e. to respect, protect, and safeguard human rights.Under the Second Protocol, a State's principal responsibility is to ban executions in its jurisdiction and, immediately on ratifying the Protocol, to take the necessary measures to abolish the death penalty if it is not already the case.Given that the Protocol specifically bans executions, a signatory State must commute the sentences of persons already condemned to death. The Protocol obliges States Parties not to expose anyone to the actual risk of execution, whatever the circumstances.The Protocol is monitored by the Human Rights Committee, one of the organs made up of independent experts set up by the United Nations to supervise the application of its treaties. States Parties are obliged to submit regular reports to the committee on the actual respect on their territory of the rights contained in the treaty. In some cases, the committee can also examine interstate complaints.The ratification of a treaty has consequences for a State. If it breaks its obligations, it can be held accountable. This is the case with the Second Protocol.According to Marc Bossuyt, the former special rapporteur of the UN Human Rights Commission who drafted the text in 1989, States Parties to the Second Optional Protocol face two major obligations: ensuring their citizens' subjective right not to be executed, and taking all necessary measures, including legislation, to abolish the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2880] => Array ( [objectID] => 4917 [title] => Japanese lawyer indignant after her client is executed without notice [timestamp] => 1214179200 [date] => 23/06/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/japanese-lawyer-indignant-after-her-client-is-executed-without-notice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On June 17, Tsutomu Miyazaki, Shinji Mutsuda and Yoshio Yamazaki were executed in Japan. Lawyer Maiko Tagusari, who defended one of the three men, denounces the rising number of executions in her country. [texte] => “On the morning of June 17, my client on death row, Tsutomu Miyazaki, was executed in Tokyo Detention Centre without any prior notice, as well as two other inmates, one also in Tokyo and the other in Osaka. Since the inauguration of the current Justice Minister Kunio Hatoyama, there have been executions every two months. He has executed as many as 13 people in only 6 months.I was therefore gravely worried that my client's execution could be imminent. Miyazaki was mentally ill and had been receiving psychiatric medical treatment in the detention centre for more than a decade.I had been preparing for an appeal for retrial for the last several months, obtaining his medical record from the detention centre authorities and requesting an expert to examine his mental condition. On May 30, I sent a letter to the Minister and requested him no to execute my client, citing these circumstances.I am now in Taiwan and joining the campaign organized by Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, together with Speedy Rice from the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty and Mark Allison from Amnesty International.Japan going against the trendAlthough I do not know if the Ministry of Justice selected my client as a target because I am outside Japan now, it is symbolic that he was executed during my visit to this country which has been under de-facto moratorium on executions for two and a half years. Even Mainland China is also reducing the number of executions drastically. Japan is almost the only country which is clearly and intentionally going against the internal trend toward moratorium and abolition.Japan should stop executions immediately, following repeated recommendations by UN Human Rights Committee, Committee against Torture, Human Rights Council and United Nations General Assembly Resolution on moratorium on executions.Hereby I strongly denounce the execution of the three people including Miyazaki and call for raising awareness about realities in Japan, which is totally isolated in the context of human rights.”Maiko TagusariAttorney at lawADPAN memberJapan [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Japan [2] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2881] => Array ( [objectID] => 4918 [title] => China refuses to consider 250,000-strong petition [timestamp] => 1213574400 [date] => 16/06/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/china-refuses-to-consider-250000-strong-petition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A World Coalition delegation found the door closed on June 16 when they attempted to handover to the Chinese Liaison Office in Hong Kong a petition urging for changes in the death penalty system in China. [texte] => Stopped at the outside door of the building, it was refused the chance to be met by any official on the explanation that ‘this is a political issue’.The petition, calling for the lift of state secrecy on the practice of the death penalty and a moratorium on executions, was signed by 256,457 persons from all around the world.Earlier in the morning, the WCADP held a press conference in Hong Kong to present its demands and compare the death penalty situation in China with global trends in Asia and the rest of the world.Death penalty remains a particular concern in China, where thousands of people continue to be sentenced to death and executed each year, often after hasty and unfair trial.“They've destroyed my future”“I just had one son, all my hopes rested on him. They’ve destroyed my future […] Without my son, my family and I can’t go on”, said the mother of an innocent who had been wrongfully sentenced to death and executed on the basis of confessions made under torture.Mark Allison, China researcher for Amnesty International, highlighted that important reforms were needed to improve the Chinese criminal justice system and preclude miscarriages of justice. However, he recognised the importance of a recent reform requesting the Supreme People’s Court review of death penalty sentences, which has led to a significant reduction in the number of executions, according to the Chinese authorities. He regretted that this statement could not be supported or assessed by any figure as the death penalty remains classified as a state secret.“Polite and transparent dialogue”“We ask for China to make transparency part of its death penalty”, said Speedy Rice, an American law professor talking on behalf of the World Coalition. “We hope that through a polite and transparent dialogue, China will restrict the number of crimes eligible for death, afford greater legal protection for the accused and, ultimately, respect its public statement at the United Nations Human Rights Council that China will one day end its use of the death penalty.”Abolition is possible in China as it is in the rest of the world. Emily Lau, member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council, stressed that Hong Kong has abolished the death penalty in 1993 and that the crime rate has been decreasing in the past ten years.“Changes in China would have a great impact on the rest of the world and especially in Asia” said Maiko Tagusari, a lawyer from Japan and member of the Anti Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN). She spoke after a two-day meeting of the ADPAN network clearly indicated that the momentum towards abolition is growing in the region.The press conference had opened with a video message from Robert Badinter, French Senator, former Minister of Justice and former member of the Ethics Commission of the International Olympic Committee. He insisted that executions that would take place in China or elsewhere in the world during the Olympic Games would offend the integrity of human beings, which is the very principle of the Olympic spirit.Click here to find out more about the campaignDocuments in Chinese:- Petition- Summary of the petition signatures- Articles and arguments [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Innocence [2] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2882] => Array ( [objectID] => 4919 [title] => The Arab civil society calls for a moratorium on capital punishment [timestamp] => 1212710400 [date] => 06/06/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-arab-civil-society-calls-for-a-moratorium-on-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Between 12-14 May, representatives from Arab civil society organisations gathered in Alexandria, Egypt at the invitation of the Swedish Institute to discuss the implementation of the UN moratorium on the use of the death penalty in the Arab world. [texte] => World Coalition member Penal Reform International (PRI) co-sponsored the seminar as part of its two-year project on the abolition of capital punishment in the Middle East and North Africa.Legal experts, academics, government officials, journalists and human rights activists from countries hosting members of the Arab Coalition Against the Death Penalty attended, together with Swedish and European diplomats.At the end of the meeting, they issued the “Alexandria Declaration calling upon the Arab countries to implement the UN Resolution 62/149 on the establishment of a moratorium on the death penalty”.The declaration notes that “ the Arab judicial systems are abusively using the death penalty at the time most countries are abandoning it”."Ambiguous" legislationIn the document, the participants highlight the failures of the death penalty system in the Arab world, where “legislations prescribing death penalty are ambiguous and leave room for wide interpretation”.They state that “most of the legal and judicial systems in the Arab World are undergoing reforms, implicitly acknowledging some of their intrinsic disfunctionality. Such an imperfect justice system should not be empowered to apply death penalty”.Regarding Islam, the declaration notes that capital punishment “ is being used in Arab positive laws extensively” and exceeds the requirements of Sharia'a law.In its recommendations, the participants call on Arab judges to seek “alternative punishments” in capital cases and ask “Arab states which have observed a de facto moratorium to remove this punishment from their legislation in order to prevent its circumstantial use”.They also encourage members of the Arab media and civil society to intensify their activities towards the death penalty.Download the Alexandria declaration [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Egypt ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2883] => Array ( [objectID] => 4920 [title] => Mali: is abolition in sight? [timestamp] => 1212537600 [date] => 04/06/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mali-is-abolition-in-sight/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => With public meetings, football matches and media action Malian activists have been covering all bases to try to push through adoption of a law abolishing the death penalty before the end of the parliamentary session. [texte] => This spring, human rights activists in Mali have been leading an active movement to support the government’s draft law on abolishing the death penalty. Their information and awareness raising campaign supports a controversial proposal whose adoption was dismissed last year.Action has increased since the draft was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 17 October 2007. On 31 October Saloum Traoré, Executive Director of the Mali section of Amnesty International, participated in a joint press conference with the Justice Minister who presented the text. The organisation has since increased its media operations, for example obtaining an hour’s broadcasting time on the Africable television channel.The Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture (ACAT-Mali) is working closely with Amnesty International. Together, the two organisations organised a series of football tournaments where banners placed around the stadium presented the arguments in favour of abolition. At half-time a speaker told the spectators in the local language about the ineffective and inhuman nature of the death penalty.“These events are appreciated and we are making great progress”, confirmed Bernard Sagara, President of ACAT-Mali.Activists are putting particular emphasis on the moratorium on executions which Mali has respected since 1984. Despite the absence of executions, the country continues to sentence prisoners to death. According to Amnesty International, at least ten death sentences have been passed since February.Abolitionists are also underlining the case of neighbouring Senegal which, like Mali, has a mostly Muslin population and where the President abolished the death penalty without provoking a crisis or losing the confidence of the voters who subsequently re-elected him.First attempt adjournedActivists are redoubling their efforts because an initial attempt to push through the abolition law was adjourned at the end of 2007 in the face of the combined criticisms of the opposition party and Mali’s High Council of Islam.Representatives from Amnesty International and ACAT-Mali met with the Ulamas when the draft was only a promise from the Malian President, Amadou Toumani Touré. “They were very polite and showed us several chapters in the Koran which demonstrate that killing is wrong, before finally reaching the conclusion that those who kill must be killed”, said Bernard Sagara.An opposition party which is not represented in parliament and supposed to be close to political Islam, the Union nationale pour la renaissance (UNPR), has also contested the draft and called for demonstrations against abolition of capital punishment.“We will never let the founding values of our society be led astray to obtain crumbs of subsidies from the Europeans. We support the principle of a life for a life, an eye for an eye, an ear for an ear and a tooth for a tooth”, declared its leader, Madibo Sangaré. In his view, abolition is being imposed by the European Union as a condition for ongoing development aid.The campaign led by death penalty supporters is coupled with a dispute over reform of the Family Code and claims to have its roots in Islam, which has earned it some support in this mainly Muslim country.Support from religious figures and universities However, the abolitionists’ campaign recently received the support of other Muslim scholars who are highlighting the fact that, according to the Koran, it is forbidden to kill. Voices are also being raised against capital punishment at universities. “Death cannot be reversed. A legal error or injustice in its application would therefore be totally irreparable. A person who is wrongly imprisoned can always be released and compensated”, wrote the Law Professor Boubacar Diarra in a column published by the daily newspaper Le Républicain.Meanwhile, on 15 May the Justice Minister reconfirmed the Government’s commitment to ensuring that the abolition law is adopted before the UN Human Rights Council (photo). “We have a majority, we can get this draft through, even tomorrow”, he declared (watch his speech in this video). However, he insisted on the need for “dialogue and cooperation” to avoid “Mali being cut in two” after abolition.He is committed to pushing the law through “before the end of the Head of State’s mandate”, i.e. before 2012 - which means that a further delay cannot be excluded.However, at Amnesty International Saloum Traoré believes that the death penalty will be abolished by the end of the parliamentary session on 5 July, and is asking the Government not to retreat in the face of changeable public opinion. “This should be a political decision, in Mali and the rest of the world”, he said. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mali [1] => Mali ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2884] => Array ( [objectID] => 4921 [title] => Mental illness and the death penalty: a painful intersection [timestamp] => 1211932800 [date] => 28/05/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mental-illness-and-the-death-penalty-a-painful-intersection/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Two leading American grassroots organisations have come together to raise awareness about the execution of mentally ill defendants. [texte] => Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights (MVFHR) and the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) have joined forces to draw attention to the intersection between the death penalty and mental illness from the victims’ perspective.They describe the project as a contribution to the broader campaign that seeks to end executions of mentally ill offenders through litigation and legislation.Although the Supreme Court ruled in the 2002 Atkins v. Virginia case that the execution of “mentally retarded” people is unconstitutional, the enforcement of that decision is still challenged. Earl Berry (photo) was executed in Mississippi on May 21, 2008 after his lawyers filed evidence that he suffered from mental retardation too late.Moreover, the Atkins v. Virginia ruling does not extend to defendants who suffer from a mental illness that does not translate into mental retardation. For example, Troy Kunkle was executed in Texas in 2005 although he suffered from schizophrenia.Several legal and medical organisations, including the American Bar Association, have passed resolutions against the execution of the mentally ill. Yet it is still legal in the US.“A profound injustice”MVFHR and NAMI argue that persons suffering from mental illness should be treated, not executed. Both groups say they intend to prevent the conditions that lead to criminal violence and raise public awareness about the effect of sentencing mentally ill offenders to death.According to a statement by NAMI Executive Director Michael Fitzpatrick, the death penalty for mentally ill offenders represents “a profound injustice … at the most painful intersection of the mental healthcare and criminal justice systems in America.”MVFHR and NAMI are planning a gathering of family members of victims killed by persons suffering from mental illness and family members of mentally ill offenders who have been executed. The gathering, which will be the first of its kind, will take place in Texas in August 2008, and will include a facilitated private meeting among the families and a public ceremony and press conference.Interviews with 20 to 30 such families will form the basis for a report to be released at NAMI’s July 2009 conference in San Francisco. The report will include policy recommendations and other useful information.How to help?The project's promoters are currently seeking to contact relatives of murder victims, or families of people who suffered from severe mental illness and were executed, who disagree with the use of the death penalty in the case of their loved ones.They are looking for individuals or organisations who could refer them to families fitting those criteria. The project also needs financial support to bring those families together in Texas this summer.World Coalition member MVFHR is a US national organisation of relatives of homicide victims and relatives of people who have been executed, all of whom oppose the death penalty in all cases. NAMI is the nation’s largest grassroots organisation for people with mental illness and their families.Find out more from MVHR's blog [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Mental Illness [1] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2885] => Array ( [objectID] => 4922 [title] => India: a “lethal lottery” [timestamp] => 1210809600 [date] => 15/05/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/india-a-lethal-lottery/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A study of the rulings by New Delhi's Supreme Court for more than 50 years concluded that "the administration of the death penalty in India is manifestly flawed". [texte] => Amnesty International India and the People’s Union for Civil Liberties (Tamil Nadu & Puducherry) have issued the study, Lethal Lottery: The Death Penalty in India, A study of Supreme Court judgments in death penalty cases 1950-2006.The first major study into India’s legal judgements on death penalty cases, it reveals that the system is riddled with fatal flaws and that the only remedy is to abolish the death penalty completely.The Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network, a regional coalition of abolitionist organisations and activists, wil be using the report to campaign for a moratorium and ultimately for the abolition of the death penalty in India in the coming months.Errors and arbitrarinessThe study of the courts highlights some of the main failings as: Errors in consideration of evidence - most death sentences handed down in India are based on circumstantial evidence alone. In a 1994 Supreme Court appeal, the Court noted sarcastically that the main witness's memory constantly improved. His testimony at the trial three years after the incident was observed to be far more detailed than his confessional statement recorded a few days after. Inadequate legal representation - concerns included lawyers ignoring key facts of mental incompetence, omitting to provide any arguments on sentencing, or failing to investigate the age of possible child offenders. Poorer defendants were found to have particularly inadequate legal representation. Anti-terrorist legislation - concerns include the broad definition of ‘terrorist acts’, insufficient safeguards on arrest, and provisions allowing for confessions made to police to be admissible as evidence. Arbitrariness in sentencing - in the same month, different benches of the Supreme Court have treated similar cases differently, with mitigating factors taken into account or disregarded arbitrarily.Death penalty not confined to the "rarest of rare" casesIn the Bachan Singh judgment of 1980, the Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty should be used only in the "rarest of rare" cases. More than a quarter of a century later, the report concludes that the courts and the State authorities have failed to apply consistently the procedures laid down by law and by that judgment.Nine capital offences exist in India's penal code, and at least 14 other ‘special’ or ‘local’ laws also provide for the death penalty in India including for terrorism and drug offences.The last execution in India took place in 2004. Secrecy surrounds the country's death penalty statistics, but Amnesty International believes that at least 140 people were sentenced to death in India in 2006 and 2007.Download the report :Full VersionSummary [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Innocence [2] => Legal Representation [3] => Terrorism ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2886] => Array ( [objectID] => 4923 [title] => ACHRS Report: the death penalty in the Arab World in 2007 [timestamp] => 1210291200 [date] => 09/05/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/achrs-report-the-death-penalty-in-the-arab-world-in-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Jordan-based Amman Centre for Human Rights has released its second annual report on the status of the death penalty in Arab countries. The report gives both an overview of the region and a detailed look at each Arab state. [texte] => The ACHRS report stresses that 2007 saw a worldwide trend towards the abolition of the death penalty, with several states getting rid of capital punishment and the UN General Assembly Resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty."However, while strides have been made worldwide in the campaign for the abolition of the death penalty, progress in the Arab World has been slower," the document states.Figures compiled in the report show that most Arab states have reduced the number of executions in 2007, with the notable exception of Saudi Arabia, which accounted for 147 of the 195 deaths recorded in the Arab World last year.ACHRS was instrumental in establishing the Arab Coalition Against the Death Penalty, a member of the World Coalition.Download the report (in English)Visit ACHRS's website [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Jordan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2887] => Array ( [objectID] => 4924 [title] => Welcome to the United States of torture [timestamp] => 1209686400 [date] => 02/05/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/welcome-to-the-united-states-of-torture/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => After the Supreme Court re-opened the possibility of lethal injections, executions are scheduled to resume in the US on May 6, starting with William E. Lynd (photo) in Georgia. TCADP International chairperson Sandrine Ageorges denounces an "inhumane" process. [texte] => The awaited decision from the Supreme Court on Baze v. Rees was finally delivered on April 16th. Some would have preferred it later, late May or early June, not that it would have resolved anything, except for another little reprieve.The oral argument that took place last January had set the tone and did not hint at a potential positive outcome, nonetheless we secretly nourished the hope to see the United States raise its head and formulate a fair reply to the question asked which, unfortunately, still does not touch anywhere near the core of the essential issue: can a democracy, or rather a nation that regards itself as a model of democracy, continue to pretend that capital punishment is constitutional?A major blowThe shock was not the decision itself because the case, as it was redacted and accepted by the Supreme Court, was quite restrictive. The lethal injection protocol used in Kentucky is not a form of torture if enforced properly, however if errors were made then the risk of torture does exist and therefore a new protocol should be enforced, it is in essence what Baze raised with the Supreme Court. This gave the Justices ample options to deny the request.However, the 7-2 vote was a major blow, although the opinion is in fact made of six different opinions. The majority opinion was delivered by Chief Justice Roberts and he was joined by Justices Kennedy and Alito; concurring opinions were offered by Justices Alito, Stevens, Scalia joined by Justice Thomas and by Justice Breyer. A dissenting opinion was delivered by Justice Ginsburg joined by Justice Souter. All of this left a number of options available for future litigations on the lethal injection protocol nationwide.50 to 75 execution warrants this year in TexasTo this day, fifteen execution warrants have already been signed (one in Georgia, one in South Dakota, one in Arkansas, one in Illinois, one in Oklahoma, two in Louisiana, three in Virginia and five in Texas). The number of post-conviction appeals which have exhausted all legal remedies is very high in Texas where we expect to see between 50 and 75 execution warrants signed between now and the end of this year.The legal battle promises to be a bloody one and although the legal options available to litigate the execution method are very real, the path is going to be very tortuous and collateral damages will be as numerous as they will be irreversible. The abolitionist community in Texas is going to need all the help it can get, not only in the United States but especially from the international community; political, moral, religious and financial support.Texas is changing, the mentalities are evolving at their pace, but the educational process is going to be a long one. In the meantime, many will die at the hands of the state which believes it is giving society its “justice” when in reality it is nothing more than barbarism and medieval vengeance. Executions in Texas and America in 2008 are so inhumane that that veterinarians refuse to use or sanction the lethal injection combination of drugs to put animals to sleep.Reality is grabbing us by our gutsFrom my last visit on death row in Texas this past Friday, I will remember the tense faces, the desperate looks in the eyes and a few rare exchanges between death row prisoners – from one visiting cage to another – discussing their upcoming deaths in the midst of an almost general indifference, abandoned by humanity on the gurney to be slaughtered and disposed of. These past months, we had all forgotten that we were visiting in the house of the living-deads. The break is over. Reality is grabbing us by our guts and squashing our throats.The death penalty is no fatality nor is it a mere sociological and cultural phenomenon against which we are helpless. The choice of the ultimate punishment belongs to all of us and the comfortable silence that surrounds the American barbarism in Europe cannot provide us with a sense of a good conscience. We all are responsible for the world we live in. While we often feel like a minute grain of sand in an infinite desert, we are nonetheless the growing grain of sand that will end up destroying the machinery of death.The right to life remains an absolute priorityToday everything needs to be done again and again. The numerous executions to come and the attitude of the American States, which spend without limits to kill in total impunity, do not leave us the luxury of a pause. The right to life remains an absolute priority and as Justice Stevens rightly wrote in his opinion on Baze: “The time for a dispassionate, impartial comparison of the enormous costs that death penalty litigation imposes on society with the benefit that it produces has surely arrived”. We still hope for a Supreme Court that will honour the constitution of its country and will accept to review, analyse and eradicate capital punishment in the United States; the only possible decision that would give the concept of “evolving standard of decency” its true meaning.How many more state-sanctioned murders will be necessary for the “civilized” world to raise its head, look at itself in the mirror and take the full measure of its own cowardice? If 405 Texas executions and 1099 US executions are not enough thus far for the global community to do more than express mere verbal opposition or outrage, what is the number of executions needed for concerted actions to say “ENOUGH!”? [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2888] => Array ( [objectID] => 4925 [title] => Fighting to establish the unconstitutionality of the death penalty in the DRC [timestamp] => 1209600000 [date] => 01/05/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/fighting-to-establish-the-unconstitutionality-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-drc/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Democratic Republic of Congo abolitionists have been leading a non-stop fight for two years to have the death penalty recognised as incompatible with their country's constitution. Ongoing penal code reform is giving them a chance to defend their case. [texte] => The current Democratic Republic of Congo constitution, in place since early 2006, recognises the “right to life” and the “inviolable nature of human beings”.A proposition for an article explicitly abolishing the death penalty was rejected by the national parliament during the text's elaboration in 2005. Nevertheless, Congolese abolitionists see in the new constitution an opportunity to make the use of the death penalty impossible. It still exists in national law, especially in military courts.“We have submitted two requests, one to the director of public prosecutions' office and a second to the Ministry of Justice” to formally establish the unconstitutionality of the death penalty, explains Liévin N'Gondji (photo), a lawyer and president of Culture for Peace and Justice (CPJ), member of the World and Congolese Coalitions against the death penalty.The prosecutor's office sent the file to the military prosecutor's office, which has refused to provide the campaigners with the documents required to proceed with the case.Abolitionist opinions heardAbolitionists have, however, gained a platform to argue their point of view to political authorities. Thanks to international aid, the DRC's judicial system is being reformed and donors financing the project have invited CPJ to participate in the joint justice Commission, principally responsible for revising the penal code.Representatives of the European Union and the French Cooperation included Liévin N'Gondji in the list of experts heard by the Commission. Having addressed this group of university heads, law professors and higher civil servants on 16th April last, he estimates that “approximately three quarters of those present were in agreement” with his position on the unconstitutionality of capital punishment.From now on things should move quickly. According to Liévin N'Gondji, the Commission will make its recommendations to the government by the end of May. The latter should then make a decision quickly. “The next three months will be crucial”, he believes. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2889] => Array ( [objectID] => 4926 [title] => What now for Mumia? [timestamp] => 1209340800 [date] => 28/04/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/what-now-for-mumia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 27 March, a US federal appeals court overturned Mumia Abu-Jamal's death sentence, but not his conviction for murder. His lead counsel Robert R. Bryan gives his reaction to the ruling and the next steps in America's most high-profile capital case. [texte] => As widely reported in the media, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit issued its long-awaited decision on March 27, 2008. Mumia and I had legal conferences that day, and have been in frequent meetings since.We view the opinion of the three-judge panel as a mixed bag with some good, some very wrong, and a remarkable dissenting opinion by a judge on racism that gives us great hope for eventual victory. A new jury trial has been ordered by the federal court on the question of whether Mumia should live or die, due to the trial judge’s unconstitutional and misleading instructions to the jury.It is a positive step in any capital case when a court finds that the death penalty was wrongfully imposed. Mumia is pleased with this part of the ruling because it could help others on death rows across America.The prosecution now has various options including seeking reconsideration by the federal court and petitioning the United States Supreme Court to have the death sentence remain intact, and has vowed to do all possible to have Mumia executed.Racism, false argument and judicial biasIt was a great disappointment that the federal court rejected our quest for a reversal of the conviction and a new trial on the question of guilt and innocence. To say that Mumia and I are unhappy with this would be an understatement, for the decision flies in the face of the United States Constitution and case precedent.The facts are that the prosecutor did engage in racism during jury selection, and made a false and misleading argument to the jury which turned the concept of reasonable doubt and presumption of innocence on its head. The trial judge was biased and bigoted, even stating in reference to my client that he was “going to help'em fry the nigger.”Unfortunately, the court used against Mumia the failings of the lawyers who represented him years ago in the state and lower federal court. These mistakes should not serve as an excuse to rationalise away the fundamental constitutional violations that occurred in this case.An inspiring dissentThe silver lining of this ruling is that Judge Thomas L. Ambro wrote a 41-page dissent on the racism-in-jury-selection issue. This brilliant opinion began: "Excluding even a single person from a jury because of race violates the Equal Protection Clause of our Constitution. See Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 84-86, 99 n. 22, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986). This simple justice principle was reaffirmed by our Supreme Court this past week. Snyder v. Louisiana, No. 06-10119, 2008 WL 723750, at *4 (Mar. 19, 2008)."The judge concluded that everyone "is entitled to a fair and impartial trial by a jury of his or her peers. As Batson reminds us, '[t]he core guarantee of equal protection, ensuring citizens that their State will not discriminate on account of race, would be meaningless were we to approve the exclusion of jurors on the basis of . . . race.'" Id. at 97-98.The "Mumia Exception"The latest denial of a new trial to Mumia has been referred to as part of the “Mumia Exception.” David Lindorff, a noted investigative journalist and author of Killing Time: An Investigation into the Death Row Case of Mumia Abu-Jamal, wrote in the Philadelphia Inquirer on April 2, 2008, that the “courts have altered the rules just to keep Abu-Jamal on course for death.” What Professor Linn Washington earlier dubbed the “Mumia Exception” could not have been more on target.Reaction of the District AttorneyThe District Attorney appeared livid that the federal court had ordered a new penalty-phase jury trial. At a press conference on March 27, 2008, the day of the decision, she vowed that her office will continue pursuing the execution of my client.Sadly, the prosecution could not resist distorting the truth as it has from the outset over a quarter of a century ago. The DA falsely said that the court “decided . . . that Mr. Jamal was guilty.” That is not what the U.S. Court of Appeals found and is nonsense; there was no retrial or verdict.Where we go from hereThe dissent of Justice Ambro is a light in the darkness, a roadmap as to where we go from here. On April 9, 2008, the U.S. Court of Appeals granted my 45-day Motion for Extension of Time To File Petition for Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc. The rehearing petition, now due on May 27, 2008, will be seeking review of the case by all the judges in the Third Circuit.The basis will be that “the panel decision conflicts with a decision of the United States Supreme Court or of the court to which the petition is addressed and consideration of the full court is therefore necessary to secure uniformity of the court’s decisions,” and, “the proceeding involves one or more questions of exceptional importance”.If unsuccessful, we will proceed to the Supreme Court.Mumia still in dangerThe issues in this case concern the right to a fair trial, the ongoing struggle against the death penalty, and the political repression of a courageous author and journalist. Based upon three decades of successfully defending people facing the death penalty, I am convinced that we can win an acquittal upon a new jury trial. My goal is his acquittal, for Mumia to go home to his family. I will not ret until that occurs.Mumia is still on death row and in great danger—his life hangs in the balance. We must remember that racism, fraud, politics, and unfairness are threads that have run through this case from the beginning.Finally, we are grateful for all those who do so much to bring the injustice in this case to public attention, whether it be through demonstrations, writing to newspapers, meetings, or circulating information on the Internet. This is all important. We are of one voice in this campaign for justice: Free Mumia! [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2890] => Array ( [objectID] => 4927 [title] => 3rd World Congress Report: a 400-page strategy [timestamp] => 1208822400 [date] => 22/04/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/3rd-world-congress-report-a-400-page-strategy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report of the Paris World Congress, organised by Together Against the Death Penalty with the help of the World Coalition in Paris in 2007, is just out. Its aim is to serve as a “guide to abolitionist strategy”. [texte] => Abolitionists gathered at the Swiss Embassy in Paris on 15th April, on the invitation of Ambassador Ulrich Lehner (photo), to get the first copies of the Third World Congress Report.The 400-page publication includes a summary of the Congress' debates, round-table discussions and plenary sessions in French and English. The congress had attracted “hundreds of opponents to the death penalty: lawyers, legal practitioners, politicians, NGOs, campaigners and citizens”, recalled Shirley Pouget, the book's editor.Two chapters are dedicated to the Arab world and China, as these regions were greatly discussed during the debates. They are followed by three thematic parts on the relations between international law and national criminal law, strategies to be used to achieve abolition, and the formation of regional abolitionist coalitions.Shirley Pouget describes this book as a “guide to abolitionist strategy, a sort of action plan for the next three years”.Common strategyThe association Together Against the Death Penalty organised the Paris Congress and published the Report. Its general manager, Cécile Thimoreau, stressed the importance of the World Congress in establishing a common strategy against the death penalty in countries as diverse as China, Iran or the United States.She underlined the impact of this strategy and its implementation by the World Coalition. Since the Third Congress, the UN General Assembly has adopted a historic resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty.Switzerland and Franceagainst the death penaltyReferring to the protest movement launched by 58 member nations against this resolution, Rudolf Knoblauch, Swiss Ambassador for Human Rights policy, stated: “My county and I personally find it shameful that there are countries who lobby in this direction.” He announced that, on the invitation of the Swiss government, the next World Coalition Against the Death Penalty will take place in Geneva in 2010.International Human Rights Federation Deputy Secretary General Florence Bellivier represented the World Coalition at the launch of the report. She said that the Coalition's role was to establish “networking” between abolitionists worldwide in between World Congresses. “It is meant to be a platform for exchanging arguments”, she added. “The Coalition strives to support, strengthen and relay the work of local players and regional coalitions. It is more thant the sum of its members? The death penalty is an issue that ought to be discussed at the international level, but it can only be dealt with by local and regional players.”Raising awareness about China Cécile ThimoreauAccording to Cécile Thimoreau, “the exchanges and the debates during the Congress have led to greater awareness of the reality of the death penalty in China, some months before the Olympic Games”. She also mentioned the insertion of abolition in the French constitution and the establishment of 10th October as European Day against the Death Penalty.Pascal Clément, former French Minister for Justice, who instigated the inserting of abolition into the constitution, described his personal evolution; previously an advocate of capital punishment, he is now convinced of its barbarism and ineffectiveness.“Human life is inviolable and sacred”, he declared. “This is not negotiable. No woman or man can be reduced to the atrocities that they may have committed. They all have something of humanity that we must protect, support, and sometimes save. Life imprisonment, even if it is reduced to a mandatory minimum sentence, is a terrible hardship for sentenced prisoners and it is enough to instil fear of justice in criminals.”Those present during the publication of the Report were able to witness at close hand the hell suffered by those sentenced to death by listening to Ashraf El-Hajouj, the Bulgarian doctor of Palestinian origin, who spent eight years on Libya's death row. Watch his story below. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2891] => Array ( [objectID] => 4928 [title] => Death sentence in the Palestinian Territories [timestamp] => 1208476800 [date] => 18/04/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-sentence-in-the-palestinian-territories/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty calls on President Mahmoud Abbas to declare an official moratorium on the death penalty and not to ratify Mr Tha’er Rmailat’s death sentence. [texte] => On 6 April 2008, the Palestinian High Military Court in Jenin sentenced Mr Tha’er Mahmoud Husni Rmailat to death by firing squad. Mr Rmailat, an officer of the Palestinian Military Intelligence, was convicted for the murder of a member of the Palestinian National Security Forces.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) is concerned that Mr Rmailat was not given the guarantees of a fair trial. In particular, his lawyer indicated that he was given only one day's notice before the hearing when the legislation of the Palestinian Authority requires that a written notice be sent 72 hours in advance; and that his client was denied a psychological evaluation.The WCADP notes with satisfaction that Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas issued a decree on 22 June 2005 requesting that all death sentences pronounced by the State Security courts be retried in civilian courts as they were considered to fall short of international standards for fair trials and due process. It also notes that no execution has been carried out since July 2005.It is concerned however that death sentences continue to be pronounced in conditions that contravene both international standards and the national legislation.On 18 December 2007, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution calling upon member states that maintain the death penalty to:- Respect international standards that provide safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, in particular the minimum standards, as set out in the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May 1984;- Establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty.In the spirit of the 2005 presidential decree, attached to the fair administration of justice, and of the United Nations General Assembly resolution, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty calls upon President of the Palestinian authority Mr Mahmoud Abbas1) not to ratify Tha’er Rmailat’s death sentence;2) to issue a Presidential Decree declaring a moratorium on the death penalty, pending total abolition by the Palestinian Legislative Council. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2892] => Array ( [objectID] => 4929 [title] => US Supreme Court revives “failed” death penalty [timestamp] => 1208390400 [date] => 17/04/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/us-supreme-court-revives-failed-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition condemns the April 16th decision of the United States Supreme Court upholding the lethal injection as a humane method of executing a human being. [texte] => The death penalty is a failed public policy. This decision (case Baze vs. Rees, Kentucky) by a majority of the Court does nothing to address the growing public concern that the death penalty is deeply flawed. By allowing the continuation of the United States' practice of “tinkering with the machinery of death” the Court again leaves the United States out of step with the majority of the world’s nations : 135 States worldwide no longer use capital punishment.In the seven months since the last execution in the United States, the United Nations General Assembly has called for a worldwide moratorium on executions and the State of New Jersey has abolished the death penalty. In the same time four more innocent persons have been released in the United States after serving a collective 79 years awaiting execution for crimes they did not commit. The systemic failures of the justice have now placed 128 innocent persons on United States death rows since 1976.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty calls on the United States, and its 36 retentionist states, to recognize what many Americans, including the Court's two dissenting Justices and Justice John Paul Stevens, already know: it is time for the United States to recognize that the death penalty is a cruel and unusual punishment, as stipulated in the 8th Amendment of the US Constitution, and to abolish its use throughout the United States.Contacts: Cécile MARCEL, Campaign Coordinatorcmarcel@abolition.fr - Phone : +33 1 57 21 07 53In the US: Elizabeth ZITRINeaz@ZitrinLaw.com - Phone : +1 415-824-5974 [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2893] => Array ( [objectID] => 4930 [title] => Amnesty recorded 1,200 known executions in 2007 [timestamp] => 1208217600 [date] => 15/04/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/amnesty-recorded-1200-known-executions-in-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International's early figures for last year show that China tops the executioners' list, although secrecy surrounds the real death penalty statistics in many countries. [texte] => According to early statistics published by World Coalition member Amnesty International (AI), 1,252 executions were recorded in 2007 in 24 countries - although the secrecy surrounding the death penalty means that many more lost their lives.While the global trend is towards a decrease in execution numbers, the number of known executions in Iran, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan increased in 2007.AI found that 88% of all known executions took place in five countries: China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the USA.The organisation also recorded that 3,347 people were sentenced to death in 51 countries last year and estimates that up to 27,500 people are on death row across the world.Find out more on Amnesty International's website [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2894] => Array ( [objectID] => 4931 [title] => Executions and secrecy in Japan [timestamp] => 1208217600 [date] => 15/04/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/executions-and-secrecy-in-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition condemns the acceleration of executions in Japan andt the continued secrecy surrounding them. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is deeply concerned about the accelerated pace of executions in Japan and continued secrecy regarding the executions.Four persons were executed on 10 April 2008, bringing to seven the number of persons executed in 2008. According to Amnesty International, ten executions have been carried out in less than six months.Executions are held in secret. Relatives are informed of the executions only after they have taken place, and until December 2007, the names of the persons executed were not made public. The World Coalition appeals to the Japanese government to put an end to this practice, contrary to human dignity.On 18 December 2007, the General Assembly of the United Nations passed with a large majority a resolution calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty worldwide.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty calls upon the Japanese government to follow the recommendation of the resolution and apply a formal moratorium on executions, with a view to abolishing the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2895] => Array ( [objectID] => 4932 [title] => Video: China’s death penalty Olympic medal [timestamp] => 1207612800 [date] => 08/04/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/video-chinas-death-penalty-olympic-medal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => French organisation Together Against the Death Penalty seized the opportunity of the Olympic Torch relay in Paris to highlight China's world record when it comes to executions. [texte] => After the police barred them from approaching the Torch relay route and confiscated part of their equipment, activists from World Coalition member organisation Together Against the Death Penalty managed to set up on City Hall Square in paris.Belgian members of the Federation of Liberal Students, who have just launched the World Coalition's campaign against the death penalty in China in the lead up to the Olympics in their own country, travelled to Paris to join in the action.Watch the video of the Paris protest below and send us reports, photos or videos from worldwide demonstrations against the death penalty in China. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2896] => Array ( [objectID] => 4933 [title] => Mobilisation gathers pace in Tunisia [timestamp] => 1207526400 [date] => 07/04/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mobilisation-gathers-pace-in-tunisia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty has launched a campaign combining support for an abolition bill and reaction to the sentencing of a man sentenced for terrorism. [texte] => On 14 March the Tunisian abolitionists came together at the offices of the Tunisian section of Amnesty International to launch a twin offensive against capital punishment in their country.The opposition parliamentarian, Adel Chaouech, defended the bill he has put before with the Tunisian Parliament with 24 of his colleagues to banish the death penalty from national law.Supporters of the text today await the green light from President Ben Ali to launch a parliamentary debate on the issue. The president spoke in favour of the universal moratorium on the death penalty in an interview with France's Figaro Magazine in November 2007. “We really hope that this will be discussed. We are optimistic,” said Lofti Azzouz, Director of the Tunisian section of Amnesty International.A petition launched on 14 March emphasises the universal principles which denounce the death penalty and recalls that it has not been applied in Tunisia since 1994. The petition indicates that the persistence of such an unapplied legal provision “damages the prestige of the legal system because it loses its power to judge the most appropriate punishment”.Sentenced after an unfair trialThe Tunisian Coalition emphasised the case of Saber Ragoubi who has been sentenced to death in connection with the Soliman terrorism case. The death sentence handed down for Imed Ben Ameur, another defendant in the same case, was commuted to life in prison on February 20, after the Tunisian Coalition campaigned on his behalf.Ragoubi's father, who attended the meeting on 14 March, has said that he was not allowed to visit his son and that he had no information about his situation.A second petition has been launched to oppose this sentence. It states that it was passed “after an unfair trial” and that it is a “violation of the right to life”.The petition for the abolition of the death penalty in Tunisia has received the support of 126 initial signatures, and 150 for the petition for Saber Ragoubi.The two texts are currently being circulated by several newspapers and political parties to garner as much support as possible. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2897] => Array ( [objectID] => 4934 [title] => Anti-death penalty double bill in the Gaza Strip [timestamp] => 1207180800 [date] => 03/04/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/anti-death-penalty-double-bill-in-the-gaza-strip/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR), a Gaza-based NGO and a member of the World Coalition, organised two meetings on the death penalty in March. [texte] => The first meeting took place on March 10 in the offices of the Palestinian Society for Democracy and Law in Rafah. At least 30 individuals representing a number of NGOs in Rafah attended.The second meeting was held on March 12, in cooperation withSharek Youth Forum in Gaza City. At least 30 students and graduates ofal-Azhar University in Gaza and a number of civil society activists attendedthe meeting.Raising public awarenessThe events are part of PCHR's death penalty project, which aims at raising public awareness and creating a public opinion calling for the abolishment of capital punishment from Palestinian laws.PCHR also seeks to stop extra-judicial executions carried out by Israeli forces against Palestinians.The meetings discussed the international trend towards the abolition of the death penalty from domestic laws, and the recent United Nations General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on executions.During the meetings, discussions were opened among the participants who weredivided between supporters of and opponents to the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => State of Palestine ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2898] => Array ( [objectID] => 4935 [title] => From Italian prisons to Texas death row [timestamp] => 1206576000 [date] => 27/03/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/from-italian-prisons-to-texas-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A conference held near Naples, Italy last month helped around 200 attendees, most of them secondary school students, understand the death penalty situation in the US and relate it to prison issues in their own country. [texte] => The event was organised in Pozzuoli by the Angeli Flegri association with support from other organisations including the Italian Coalition Against the Death Penalty, the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty and the Community of Sant'Egidio, all World Coalition members."Most of the people were in their last year at school (16 to 18-year-olds)", said Michela Mancini of the Italian Coalition. "There were also members of other organisations and priests who work in prisons."The organisers chose to focus the conference on the importance of voluntary work behind bars, starting with prison conditions in Italy – an issue the audience could easily relate to."We then moved on to the US and the issue of the death penalty", said Michela Mancini. She said that Dave Atwood, founder of the Texas Coalition, attracted strong interest when he talked about capital punishment there."Shameful behaviour"He stressed the importance of international support to help the US abolish the death penalty, even though his country did not vote in favour of a recent UN resolution calling for a moratorium on executions, which he described as "shameful behaviour".He then gave key figures about the death penalty in America, highlighting that 405 of the 1099 executions that have taken place in the US since 1976 were carried out in Texas."Death row in Texas is a very brutal place to live", he said, describing the absence of rehabilitation programs and the "poor quality" of food and medical care."A mother cannot even hug her child on the day of his execution", he added.He explained how executions are currently on hold in the US pending a review of the lethal injection protocol.Good newsDave Atwood also had some good news, saying that the number of executions declines in the US thanks to legal improvements and the exoneration of 125 death row inmates in recent years.He added another reason for positive evolution in attitudes towards the death penalty: "We have been educating the citizens about the death penalty for many years."He concluded: "I believe that abolition of the death penalty will occur in the US in my lifetime. In fact, I am determined to live until it is abolished!"Dave Atwood's talk prompted many questions from the floor, as did that by Arianna Balotta, president of the Italian Coalition. She told the audience of her experience as part of a group of activists who have been visiting US prisons for years."She recounted how we were with prisoners until the very end, how we witnessed our friends die", said Michela Mancini.The local bishop also adressed the conference and reminded the audience of the need to "keep believing in life".Following the event, the organisers have been in contact with the schools involved to maintain a long-term relationship with the students and consider establishing correspondence between them and American death row inmates. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Death Row Conditions ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2899] => Array ( [objectID] => 4936 [title] => Saudi Arabia: why are foreigners losing their heads? [timestamp] => 1206489600 [date] => 26/03/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/saudi-arabia-why-are-foreigners-losing-their-heads/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Rizana Nafeek, a Sri Lankan servant sentenced to death by a Saudi court, is facing decapitation. ACAT-France and ECPM have joined forces to defend poor immigrants at risk of capital punishment in Saudi Arabia. [texte] => World Coalition members Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture (ACAT-France) and Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM), members of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, have launched a campaign against the death penalty in Saudi Arabia.The ‘Saudi Arabia: why are foreigners losing their heads?’ campaign condemns the increasing number of executions in Saudi Arabia since the start of the year. In particular, it focuses on the fact that almost half of all executions involve foreigners (out of 158 people executed in 2007, 76 were foreigners).The situation is illustrated by the case of Rizana, a 20-year-old Sri Lankan woman who came to work in Saudi Arabia with false identity documents when she was 16.She is accused of causing the death of the baby for whom she was caring. According to her, the child choked as it drank from its bottle. She was 17 at the time.Arrested in May 2005, she did not have the right to a lawyer, either during questioning or during the trial. She allegedly ‘confessed’ to the murder during police questioning in a language she does not understand and signed a document drawn up in a language she cannot read.She was sentenced to death on 16 June 2007 and appealed the sentence. If it is confirmed Rizana will be decapitated. In Saudi Arabia executions are performed in public through decapitation by sword.Foreign nationals are more exposedSaudi Arabian justice is particularly intransigent towards foreign workers and especially those from poor countries in the Middle East, Africa and Asia who represent nearly a quarter of the country’s population.Foreign nationals are more exposed to legal errors and unfair trials than Saudi Arabians. As a result of their origins, they have little chance of escaping capital punishment. They receive insufficient, sometimes even inexistent, legal representation and consular assistance. They are deprived of all family support and cannot understand the contents of the statements drawn up in Arabic they must sign.On occasion, their sentence depends solely on confessions obtained under constraint, torture or subterfuge. Trials take place in secret and the accused and their families are not informed of the accusations against them or the evolution of the procedures concerning them.Witchcraft and homosexuality among capital offencesMany offences lead to the death penalty in Saudi Arabia, not only violent crimes but also witchcraft, adultery, sodomy, homosexuality and apostasy (renouncing Islam), to name but a few.Although Saudi Arabia signed the Convention on the Rights of the Child it continues to sentence and execute those who were juveniles at the time of the offence.In December the UN General Assembly voted on a resolution calling for a universal moratorium on executions. ACAT-France and ECPM condemn this barbarian practice in Saudi Arabia. They are launching an appeal for Rizana’s death sentence to be commuted and to guarantee the accused a justice system which conforms to international norms and standards in this area.To read more, please visit the websites of ACAT-France and ECPM (in French).You can sign the petition here. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Saudi Arabia ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Juveniles [2] => Legal Representation [3] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2900] => Array ( [objectID] => 4937 [title] => Top Chinese abolitionist receives threats [timestamp] => 1205452800 [date] => 14/03/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/top-chinese-abolitionist-receives-threats/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) is concerned about the security of human rights lawyer, academic and anti-death penalty activist Teng Biao. [texte] => According to the Hong Kong based organisation China Human Rights Lawyers Concern Group (CHRLCG), Teng Biao was taken away by the Beijing Public Security Bureau and interrogated about his articles and interviews he gave to journalists. Teng Biao was reportedly bundled into a vehicle and hooded as he arrived home from work on Thursday 6 March and released 41 hours later on Saturday 8 March.The WCADP is particularly concerned that this incident took place just after it published an interview of Teng Biao in which he called for the abolition of the death penalty in China. The WCADP is calling on the Chinese authorities to conduct a full and impartial investigation into this incident, and to ensure that the rights to freedom of opinion and expression of Mr Teng Biao and other human rights activists in China are fully respected. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2901] => Array ( [objectID] => 4938 [title] => 1,700-mile “Walk4Life” across the US [timestamp] => 1205366400 [date] => 13/03/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/1700-mile-walk4life-across-the-us/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => American hip-hop artist Andre Latallade, also known as Capital-"X", will walk 1,700 miles from New Jersey to Texas from March 31 to campaign against the death penalty. [texte] => He will set out from Trenton, New Jersey, where he lives, and travel through 10 of the 12 US states where most prisoners have been executed since 1976. He is scheduled to arrive in Huntsville, the home of Texas's death row, mid-May.Activists from World Coalition member organisations such as Journey of Hope and the Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty will walk part of the way with him.Born in a Puerto-Rican neighbourhood in New York, Latallade was in and out of prison for two decades for drug-related offences. "It didn't make me a better person, it made me get worse", he said in an interview last year.He managed to exit the crime-to-prison circle a few years ago, when he realised that music, combined with education and religious belief, could give him a better life.Since 2004, he has become what he calls a "raptivist". While becoming a full-time rap singer, he has used his lyrics to denounce prison conditions and the death penalty."You’re born alone, to die all alone"For example, his song "999330" is about Texas death row inmate Anthony Haynes:Sitting on the row, it’s almost time to goNow you know the whole fucking world is coldYou’re born alone, to die all aloneNow you’re nothing but a number 999330."I love music, it's my life, but I can't just walk away from my past and just do music", he said, adding: "I am living proof that prisoners can reform with the proper attention and guidance." He believes that his music can lead people to join forces and take action.Watch Capital-"X" explain the reasons behind Walk4Life on Onloq.comKeep track on the Walk4Life blogVisit Capital-"X"'s MySpace pageWatch the Walk4Life launch video below [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2902] => Array ( [objectID] => 4939 [title] => Puerto Rican abolitionists gain support from their government [timestamp] => 1204675200 [date] => 05/03/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/puerto-rican-abolitionists-gain-support-from-their-government/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty and the Puerto Rican secretary of justice are joining forces to resist death sentences imposed by US federal courts. [texte] => At the end of January, Puerto Rico's Justice Secretary Roberto Sanchez Ramos and representatives of the Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty held a joint press conference to announce a series of decisions aimed at forcing down the number of Puerto Ricans at risk of execution in US federal cases.The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has its own constitution and laws, which prohibit the death penalty, but they are subordinated to the US federal legislation.The Puerto Rican department of justice has pledged to prosecute all cases of carjackings resulting in death locally, taking advantage of a recent US department of justice directive that encourages local rather than federal prosecution. That crime has often been the focus of federal prosecution in Puerto Rico, leading to death sentences. From now on, Puerto Rican authorities have said that they will only transfer cases to a federal court if it guarantees that it will not seek the death penalty.Already in practiceThe secretary of justice will also ask all states who request the extradition of a suspect for a capital case to “desist”, although he cannot refuse to extradite. Finally, he will write a letter to “express his opposition” every time a Puerto Rican citizen faces the death penalty in another jurisdiction.The latter has already been put in practice. “Last week, we found out that a Puerto Rican citizen was going to be executed in the US state of Pennsylvania,” said Puerto Rican Coalition spokesman Carmelo Campos Cruz in reference to the case of Edwin Rios Romero. “The secretary of justice said immediately that he would write to the Pennsylvania government.”The Puerto Rican Coalition has launched a letter campaign to request invervention from the governor of Pennsylvania in the case. Edwin Romero's execution was stayed on March 5.The Puerto Rican Coalition's lobbying committee initiated the adoption of the directives when it came across an agreement on the transfer of cases from the Puerto Rican authorities to federal courts. “We said: 'Hey, Puerto Rico is supposed to be officially against the death penalty,” said Carmelo Campos Cruz.The committee then scheduled a meeting with the secretary of justice and department officials to present them with a series of ideas to protect Puerto Ricans from federal capital cases. “The response was very positive, they approved 80% of our proposals”, said Carmelo Campos Cruz.More legal and educational work on the wayThe Puerto Rican Coalition has now switched its lobbying efforts towards other officials, to implement more proposals from its action plan. It demands that the governor establishes a committee to seek the complete exclusion of Puerto Rico from the scope of US federal death penalty legislation.Celebrating April 26 as Puerto Rico's day against the death penalty to commemorate the anniversary of the abolition of capital punishment there in 1929 is another proposal in the hands of the governor.The Puerto Rican Coalition also hopes to strike a deal with the department of education to distribute material about the death penalty in local schools. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2903] => Array ( [objectID] => 4940 [title] => Open letter to the China National People’s Congress [timestamp] => 1203984000 [date] => 26/02/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/open-letter-to-the-china-national-peoples-congress/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition and ADPAN are publicising an open letter to the China National People’s Congress demanding concrete steps towards the abolition of the death penalty in China. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) and Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN) are publicising today an Open Letter to the China National People’s Congress (NPC) which will be meeting on 5-16 March 2008.The Open Letter calls for the Chinese legislators to take concrete measures towards the abolition of the death penalty in China.Each year, thousands of people are executed in China, where the death penalty remains classified as a state secret. This is of particular concern with persisting reports on miscarriages of justice following hasty and unfair trial and the widespread use of torture to extract confessions.Lift the state secretThe Chinese authorities have recently introduced an important reform restoring the Supreme People’s Court’s review of all death penalty sentences, which should result in a reduction in the number of executions and ensure that the sentence is applied more evenly throughout the country.The WCADP and ADPAN emphasize that the impact of such reforms could only be assessed through transparency, which is also the only safeguard of fairness. They call upon the NPC to lift the state secret on all death penalty related information.The abolition of the death penalty has now become a universal and irreversible trend, as was recognized with the recent adoption by the UN General Assembly of a resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty.“A positive legacy for the Beijing Olympics can only be achieved when China’s world record of executions comes to an end”, states the Open Letter. As the Olympic Games draw nearer and the eyes of the world turn towards China, the WCADP and ADPAN invite the Beijing authorities to show leadership on the abolition of the death penalty in line with worldwide trends and to establish a moratorium on executions.Download the open letterFind out more about the World Coalition's China 2008 campaign [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2904] => Array ( [objectID] => 4941 [title] => MEPs call on Guatemala not to reinstate capital punishment [timestamp] => 1203897600 [date] => 25/02/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/meps-call-on-guatemala-not-to-reinstate-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Members of the European Parliament Hélène Flautre and Raimon Obiols have called on Guatemala to maintain its moratorium on the death penalty after the Central American country passed dangerous legislation. [texte] => Flautre chairs the subcommittee on human rights and Obiols the delegation for relations with the countries of Central America. Both are deeply concerned at the possible resurgence of capital punishment in Guatemala.Two months after the adoption of the landmark UN General Assembly resolution for a global moratorium on executions, the Guatemalan congress adopted a law granting the Guatemalan president the discretion to pardon death row inmates or commute their sentences.The move fills in a legal vacuum that blocked executions since 2000 and ends Guatemala's moratorium on executions. Guatemalan President Álvaro Colom has declared that he would not pardon those sentenced to death.Guatemala 'forfeits its own pledges'Flautre said in a statement that such a move "runs counter the world-wide trend towards abolition, and most importantly forfeits Guatemala's own pledges to consolidate the moratorium with a full-fledged abolition and not to reintroduce capital punishment. By voting for the UNGA resolution less than two months ago, Guatemala underlined that the use of the death penalty undermines human dignity and is a violation of the right to life".Obiols added that "capital punishment in fact perpetuates a climate of violence". According to the UNGA resolution, and as the experience of the European continent shows, "there is no evidence of the death penalty’s deterrent value and any miscarriage or failure of justice in the death penalty’s implementation is irreversible and irreparable".There are 21 inmates on death row in Guatemala. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Guatemala ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2905] => Array ( [objectID] => 4942 [title] => Teng Biao: Olympics an opportunity to put pressure on the Chinese authorities” [timestamp] => 1202860800 [date] => 13/02/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/teng-biao-olympics-an-opportunity-to-put-pressure-on-the-chinese-authorities/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Teng Biao is one of the rare activists who call for the immediate abolition of the death penalty from within China. In the past weeks, the police confiscated his passport and he received threats. [texte] => On a visit to Paris last October, Teng Biao told us about his experience as an abolitionist in China. As the World Coalition is set to launch a campaign later this month against the death penalty in the host country of the Olympics, we publish this interview in agreement with Teng Biao despite his current difficulties: "I cannot give up my rights to express myself", he said.How did you become an anti-death penalty advocate?In 2003, as I worked part time at a law firm, I got involved in the famous case of a person who died in a detention centre in Guandong. Organisations and individuals then asked me for legal aid and I gradually became a human rights lawyer.I became an abolitionist just after I graduated in 2002. In China, most people oppose abolition. In fact, many want more death penalty. In the legal field, however, more and more scholars agree to abolish the death penalty step by step. But my opinion is that it should be abolished at once, without condition.How did you form this opinion?I read books about criminal theory and the death penalty, and got involved in capital cases where I found my clients to be innocent. There were cases where prisoners were executed and found innocent afterwards.I found out that there are around 400 executions per year outside China, and about 8,000 in China. This is terrible.How do you take action against the death penalty?I write articles on websites and Chinese-language overseas journals, I accept interviews for the international media and I am a defence lawyer in death penalty cases.It is not easy to be a defence lawyer in China. There is no independence of the judiciary. In serious cases, the judge is not free to pronounce the sentence and must obey orders from higher courts or Communist Party leaders.In some cases, we find evidence that the accused is innocent. For example, four defendants were accused of a crime committed in Le Ping City, Jiang Xi province, in 2001. They had no connection with the crime and two of them were not even in the city. The prosecution had no evidence except oral testimony obtained under torture.I wrote articles on websites, formed a lawyers' group, sent a report to the Supreme Court and organised a symposium in Beijing in 2007 to discuss the case. There are similar cases in other provinces.Most lawyers involved in these cases are human rights lawyers: they defend journalists, writers, etc. But many do not have an opinion on the death penalty. They have never been asked if it should be abolished.Does what you say or write have an impact inside China?Sometimes, the articles I wrote were published by official media or websites and were accessible to the Chinese people.In China, you can discuss the death penalty in theory. Any opinion on the death penalty is permitted, but if you relate it to human rights conditions in the country, it gets sensitive.I can say I am against the death penalty; I can say I want it abolished at once. But I cannot say there are more than 8,000 executions; I cannot say organs of executed prisoners have been removed or sold; I cannot say the Beijing Olympics should be boycotted because of the death penalty situation in China.I can say things that other people cannot say because I am a bit famous, and because I am a teacher in a public university, i.e. I'm part of the socialist system. If I were fired from the university, it could be dangerous.Did you have difficulties in the past?In 2006, the police prevented me from attending an invitation to Geneva. They also blocked me from going to Yale as a guest lecturer twice, but the university invited me a third time and I was permitted to go. Also, I couldn't attend a meeting in Hong Kong in 2007.Pressure from the international community is very useful, and sometimes effective. Without international pressure, human rights activities in China would be more difficult.What changes can we expect on the death penalty front in China in the near future?I think that more intellectuals will agree with the abolition of the death penalty, and that we will be able to express our opinion through education, articles and books. Some scholars can have an impact on legislation, as they give advice before it is passed before the Congress.The Olympic Games is an opportunity to put pressure on the Chinese authorities. The global moratorium resolution will have an impact on the opinion of the Chinese about the death penalty.I also think the number of executions can decrease.Since January 1, 2007, China's Supreme Court must review every death sentence. Is this having an effect on execution numbers?Some experts think they are decreasing but this is top secret and we cannot be sure. There is growing pressure on the Supreme Court to publish execution figures. The chief justice has openly expressed the idea that the death penalty should be taken seriously, and that every capital case should be without doubt.Some scholars and officials think the death penalty should be abolished for non-violent crimes such as corruption, but interestingly this is opposed by ordinary people who see it as protection for powerful officials.Do ordinary Chinese people often discuss the death penalty?At the moment, most of them only have government-controlled information about the death penalty. But when they can discuss it freely, their opinion will change. More and more people have access to the Internet, which is more difficult to control. This will bring about change.Also, the number of Christians in China is growing rapidly, both in official and underground churches. This too could be a good element against the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Innocence [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2906] => Array ( [objectID] => 4943 [title] => Moroccan coalition highlights Mrini case [timestamp] => 1202774400 [date] => 12/02/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moroccan-coalition-highlights-mrini-case/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty has been campaigning about the case of Amin Mrini, a Moroccan-born Dutch national sentenced to death in Salé whose appeal will he heard from February 13. [texte] => Mrini was found guilty of the murder of a Dutch woman in 2005 and sentenced to death by a Moroccan court on June 14, 2007."The Coalition, who has been following this case as part of its struggle for the abrogation of the death penalty in Morocco, calls upon the Moroccan judiciary to take the world trend against that punishment into account and to ensure that the accused's rights are vindicated and that he receives a fair trial," said the Moroccan Coalition in a statement published on February 9.The group expressed worries about "a strong presence of security forces, especially Dutch ones, in Salé court, which creates the fear that such a visible presence might influence the verdict".The Moroccan Coalition member organisations joined forces in 2003 to obtain the legislative abolition of the death penalty in their country. Although no execution has taken place in Morocco since 1994, the courts still hand down death sentences. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2907] => Array ( [objectID] => 4944 [title] => Talk: activists at the heart of action [timestamp] => 1202774400 [date] => 12/02/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/talk-activists-at-the-heart-of-action/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Italy's Angeli Flegri association is organising a conference on Februay 22 about the role of prison activists in the struggle against the death penalty. [texte] => Most of the speakers will be representatives from World Coalition member organisations: David Atwood will speak for the Texas Coalition to Abolish death Penalty, Stefania Tallei for the Community of Sant'Egidio and Arianna Ballotta for the Italian Coalition Against the Death Penalty.The event is co-sponsored by Coop. Sociale Città dell’Essere, The Italian Coalition Against the Death Penalty, association Campi Flegrei III Settore, association Febe and the Pozzuoli diocesan charity. It will focus on the parallel between Italy and the United States in terms of activism around the theme "Democracy, legality and the death penalty".The conference will take place in Pozzuoli, Villaggio del Fanciullo, Seminario Maggiore - Via Campi Flegrei 12.Click here for more information or contact:SecretariatCittà dell’Essere – Via C. Rufo, 2080078 Pozzuoli (Na)Tel.: +39 081 8531417E-mail: info@cittadellessere.it [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2908] => Array ( [objectID] => 4945 [title] => ADPAN: tearing down Asia’s death penalty veil of secrecy in 2008 [timestamp] => 1201996800 [date] => 03/02/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/adpan-tearing-down-asias-death-penalty-veil-of-secrecy-in-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The majority of executions take place in Asia. But this is also the continent where campaigners have developed a fantastic regional abolitionist network, one that reaches across borders, languages and religions. [texte] => This year, with the Beijing Olympic Games followed by the World Day Against the Death Penalty on 10th October, the World Coalition has decided to focus on Asia.It has a worthy partner for its actions in ADPAN (Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network) of which it is a member. Their first joint action is an open letter to the Chinese authorities, sent in February to coincide with the National People's Congress, to demand more transparency on the use of the death penalty in China, to denounce the high number of crimes subject to the death penalty, and to demand a moratorium on executions.Throughout the year, ADPAN will also pursue its own programme based on regional themes, on which it has concentrated its action since its creation two years ago: drug offences subject to the death penalty, transparency on the use of the death penalty, unfair trials, the fate of sentenced persons with mental illnesses, the automatic death penalty, and the recognition of victims' needs.On this last issue, ADPAN is closely supported by the American group Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights, a member of the World Coalition.Stirring Chinese opinionIn China, ADPAN will focus on the cases of innocents executed. “We are going to speak on issues where we know people will be moved”, explains Louise Vischer, ADPAN's coordinator at Amnesty International's international secretariat in London.On the eve of a parliamentary meeting in April, ADPAN will publish a report on the death penalty in India, compiled by one of its members, Bikram Jeet Batra. The document, whose aim is to reveal transparency problems and the conservation of the automatic death penalty in Indian law, will be the subject of two publications: a detailed version will target the Indian public, while a shortened one will lead the campaign in neighbouring countries. “People want to use examples from other countries”, states Louise Vischer. Pervading climate of secrecy in Japan and MongoliaIn Japan and Mongolia, ADPAN will target the secrecy surrounding executions, which prevents citizens from forming their own opinions. As part of an Amnesty International campaign, the network also works on the cases of mentally-ill persons sentenced to death in Japan. In all places, the organisation relies on the UN resolution adopted in December in favour of a moratorium on executions; the objective now is to ensure its application.Success in South KoreaADPAN already prides itself on some success, for example in South Korea, where the debate on abolition is progressing, mostly thanks to a letter-writing campaign. The fact that they are quoted in political debates and in the press is proof of their impact. The country has not carried out any executions for the last ten years. A recent ceremony during which 64 doves – representing 64 sentenced persons whose lives were saved – was a success (see photo).* Automatic death penalty is the term used when a country's laws provide for the systematic use of the death penalty for certain crimes, without giving the judge the option of another punishment. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China [1] => Japan [2] => Mongolia [3] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Drug Offenses [1] => Fair Trial [2] => Mental Illness [3] => Murder Victims' Families [4] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2909] => Array ( [objectID] => 4946 [title] => Abolition in the US: what role for overseas activists? [timestamp] => 1201996800 [date] => 03/02/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/abolition-in-the-us-what-role-for-overseas-activists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As part of its 2008 annual conference, the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NCADP) organised a brainstorming session to explore the question: “How can the international community support us in our efforts to abolish the death penalty in the US?” [texte] => The idea of seeking support overseas is a new one for US abolitionists. While they are interested in linking up with activists in other countries, they are cautious to avoid what death penalty supporters might reject as foreign interference in US affairs.Despite the hesitation about the way to address this issue and the short time available, the discussion yielded a list of interesting proposals.Stronger links across bordersA first step could be to share better communication between US organisation at state or national level and overseas abolitionists to exchange information and strategy orientations.Although an NCADP platform could centralise some of that information, it emerged from the discussion that peer-to-peer dialogue was just as important: between US and international law enforcement, networks of victims, local councils, youth organisation (especially through the internet), etc.Such links should extend beyond Europe, a traditional abolitionist stronghold, and into abolitionist and retentionist countries in other regions.Economic impactThe brainstorming session highlighted the importance of international business relations as a way to leverage pressure on the US. Overseas activists could engage in dialogue with business leaders to encourage them to take the issue of capital punishment into consideration when deciding to invest in a particular US state.Boycott campaigns targeted at international visitors could focus on tourist areas such as California.The idea is to apply the principles drawn up by former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan to the death penalty: when doing business with a state, keep human rights issues in mind.Legal, financial and lobbying effortsThe delegates also discussed the importance of the international community in stressing that the death penalty is a human rights violation under international law and pushing for the enforcement of multilateral treaties.International support for the abolition in the US also involves continued lobbying in diplomatic circles, to maintain the death penalty on the UN's and international leaders' agenda when dealing with the US.In individual cases, legal intervention can take the form of amicus briefs and appeals for clemency for US residents at risk of capital punishment. In other countries, abolitionists are encouraged to campaign against the extradition of suspects of capital offences to the US.Finally, the participants mentioned financial support and the involvement of celebrities and high-profile figures as a way to help US abolitionist from abroad.The World Coalition hops to work with NCADP to explore those ideas and develop them further.Related articles:USA: reaching for the dreamFour World Coalition members among NCADP award winners [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Clemency [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2910] => Array ( [objectID] => 4947 [title] => Four World Coalition members among NCADP award winners [timestamp] => 1201996800 [date] => 03/02/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/four-world-coalition-members-among-ncadp-award-winners/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Each year, the US National Coalition Against the Death Penalty honours those individuals and organisations that have made outstanding contributions to the struggle against the death penalty. This year's award winners included a number of World Coalition members. [texte] => Stephanie Faucher, programme director for Death Penalty Focus, was named Abolitionist of the Year. Her career in anti-death penalty work has spanned nearly a decade – since she was a student at the University of California at Berkeley, where she created and taught a class on capital punishment.Faucher says she is attracted to anti-death penalty work because she believes in the principle that “with great power comes great responsibility.” “Individuals in power should do more than just enforce laws,” she says. “They should act as role models and exemplify the very best of human behavior.”The Puerto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty (photo), representing the people of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, received the Lighting the Torch Award. Although Puerto Rico abolished the death penalty in 1929, the US federal government has been trying to reintroduce it on repeated occasions. Puerto Ricans have remained strong and have begun to organise aggressively. The Puerto Rico Coalition Against the Death Penalty now consists of 42 different groups and more than 400 individuals.Actor, filmmaker and Death Penalty Focus president Mike Farrell received a Lifetime Achievement Award and gave a passionate speech at the conference (see video below). “I believe in hope because I believe in the human spirit... This force beyond our understanding that empowers whatever is good in the world to stand against what is not,” he said. He added: “It is this system, the death system, and the willingness of some to submit to it out of fear while others use it to serve their own political ends, that we must expose to the light.”Bill Pelke of Journey of Hope... From Violence to Healing received special recognition as outgoing NCADP board chair. He has been one of the best advocates of the idea that the death penalty utterly fails to heal the wounds of the victims of crime and said: “The death penalty has absolutely nothing to do with healing. It just continues the cycle of violence and creates more murder victims’ family members. We become what we hate. We become killers.”Non-World Coalition members honoured by the NCADP this year include:- Natasha Minsker, death penalty policy director for the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California. This attorney, whose career has traversed a bridge between public defender work and abolition work, was named Abolitionist of the Year along Stephanie Faucher.- Lawyers David E. Kendall, William & Connolly; Death Penalty Clinic, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law and Elizabeth Semel; and Morrison & Foerster, who received a legal service award.Related articles:USA: reaching for the dreamAbolition in the US: what role for overseas activists? [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2911] => Array ( [objectID] => 4948 [title] => USA: reaching for the dream [timestamp] => 1201996800 [date] => 03/02/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/usa-reaching-for-the-dream/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For once, the annual conference of the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty opened on an optimistic note. [texte] => The US is still one of the six countries across the world executing the most people but the struggle for abolition has made significant progress over the last decade.Law professor Larry Marshall opened the conference with the following positive assessment: “There is real reason for optimism and real reason for excitement that the efforts, the passion and tears of the people in this room and nationally are in fact paying off… The reality is that hundreds of lives have been saved already because of our campaigns”.There has indeed been real progress - the number of executions per year is constantly falling, from 98 in 1999 to 42 in 2007 (source: DPIC). A growing number of States are introducing moratoria on executions and, a recent phenomenon, others are abolishing it.The death penalty was declared unconstitutional in New York State in 2004 and in December 2007 New Jersey became the first State to abolish the death penalty in law since 1965.What is more, the decision by the Supreme Court to examine the constitutionality of lethal injection last October established a de facto moratorium across the country. The Court is not looking at the legality of the death penalty in itself but it is nonetheless an opportunity to widen the debate nationally.A failed systemThese changes are not proof of a moral evolution in American society; public opinion remains very broadly in favour of the death penalty. Rather, they are essentially the result of the multifaceted observation that the system governing capital punishment in the US is failing: it is disproportionately expensive and prone to subjectivity, legal error and racism.Most research on the subject has reached these conclusions, as has the work carried out by the commissions on the death penalty introduced in certain States and, more recently, the Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice in California.Since 1976 126 death-sentenced prisoners have been acquitted. According to research by the NCADP, at least four innocent people have been executed. Acquittals have increased over the last few years, particularly thanks to the advent of DNA testing, which has intensified the doubts of those who believed that this was a fair and just punishment.New alliesThese developments are opening up new possibilities for opponents of the death penalty and allowing different voices to be heard: the debate on the death penalty is no longer simply a moral issue but now includes more practical arguments about which everyone will have something to say: police officers, political opposition, victims’ families, exonerated death row prisoners (photo), etc.For the New Jersey Senator, Raymond Lesniak, who sponsored his State’s bill on abolition it is even the key to success. As the NCADP conference’s special guest, he recalled that it was particularly thanks to contributions by victims’ families, legal representatives and exonerated death row prisoners that the bill was positively received by New Jersey legislators.The annual NCADP conference was also an opportunity to reflect on the role of the international community in the abolitionist struggle in America, and to pay homage to those whose work contributes to moving the fight against the death penalty forward. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2912] => Array ( [objectID] => 4949 [title] => For ACATs, every executed person “is one of us” [timestamp] => 1200960000 [date] => 22/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/for-acats-every-executed-person-is-one-of-us/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Wherever the Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture (ACAT) is present, the struggle against the death penalty is an important element within their commitment to respect for human dignity. [texte] => ACATs affirm that the very principle of the death penalty is incompatible with the Gospel. They do not forget that “every person whose life is ended in a gas chamber, by hanging, by a lethal injection, or by a firing squad, is one of us: a human being, a brother or a sister; however cruel and inhuman their actions may seem.”In 2007, ACATs unreservedly took part in the World Day against the Death Penalty, with the support and participation of their international federation, FIACAT.For example, the African ACATs, whose States are on the road to abolition or no longer apply the death penalty, together with FIACAT appealed to their governments to support, or at least to abstain from voting against, the moratorium on capital punishment in the UN.Educational and campaigning activities by all the ACATs multiplied around 10 October: numerous debates and conferences, contributions in the media, public demonstrations, awareness-raising in Christian communities in the context of liturgies, with appeals for signatures in favour of the moratorium.Organising from Congo to SpainACAT -Sud Kivu, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, spoke out on the radio and at a public meeting in Bukavu (photo). Its president, Julien Cigolo, reminded audiences that the death penalty is still in force within the legal system of Congo, although one should note significant advances towards the abolition of capital punishment.In the trial of Songo Mboyo for very serious crimes, the Congolese judge did not retain the death penalty but applied the statute of the International Criminal Court.Julien Cigolo said that Congolese lawmakers should specifically remove the death penalty from the country's Penal Code to conform with the new Constitution, which states the supremacy of the right to life under all circumstances.In Benin, where the death penalty is still in force although it is currently rarely applied, ACAT-Benin mobilised around the following events: interviews with death row prisoners, conferences in schools and universities, a peaceful march on 10 October and a radio programme on the campaign launched by the World Coalition.In Germany, ACAT organised a postcard campaign: a distribution of postcards bearing the text of the international petition. In neighbouring Belgium and Luxembourg generated good media coverage in the papers and on the radio.For its part, ACAT-Catalonia/Spain marked the World Day against the Death Penalty with an ecumenical prayer service in a protestant church.Throughout the world, ACATs collected signatures, adding 15,541 to the petition which went on to be presented to the UN General Assembly days before it adopted a resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty last December. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [2] => Germany [3] => Spain ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2913] => Array ( [objectID] => 4950 [title] => Nie Shubin: a victim of the arbitrary in China [timestamp] => 1200873600 [date] => 21/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/nie-shubin-a-victim-of-the-arbitrary-in-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the lead up to the Beijing Olympics, the French coalition Collectif Chine JO 2008 highlights cases of human rights abuse in China on a weekly basis. This week, they focus on Nie Shubin, who was executed by mistake in 1995. [texte] => China executes more people every year than any other country.Nie Shubin, a young worker from a rural region in the province of Hebei in northern China, was executed for murder and rape in 1995. After he was arrested, the police allegedly tortured him until he made a false confession.At the beginning of 2005, a man arrested for other criminal offences allegedly confessed to the crimes attributed to Nie Shubin and supposedly even provided a precise description of the crime scene. The legal authorities subsequently recognised their mistake.Nie Shubin’s family was not informed about his situation in the eyes of the law after his sentence had been passed. They have still not received a copy of the judgement. His father discovered that Nie Shubin had been executed as he travelled to the prison to bring him food. His father then attempted suicide. His mother has added, “I only have one son, all my hopes rested with him. They have destroyed my future…Without my son, my family and I cannot go on”.His family are demanding compensation from the authorities.Collectif Chine JO 2008 asks the Chinese authorities to suspend executions across China, with a view to eventually abolishing the death penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2914] => Array ( [objectID] => 4951 [title] => While we wait for the Supreme Court [timestamp] => 1200528000 [date] => 17/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/while-we-wait-for-the-supreme-court/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => After the Supreme Court held a hearing much awaited by the abolitionist community on January 7th, we all need to reassess our strategy for abolition in America, writes Sandrine Ageorges. [texte] => On September 25, 2007 the US Supreme Court accepted to review the arguments regarding the constitutionality of the lethal injection protocol as it is administered in most of the killing states in the US. Since then, the abolitionist community (particularly in Texas where the killing machine appears to never pause or think) has expressed a sigh of relief. But we are also aware that the issue raised by the case Baze v Rees in Kentucky will, in no way, help us make significant progress on the road to abolition.To summarise the issue at stake, the question only deals with the method used to kill and not whether it is constitutional to kill a human being. The current lethal injection cocktail outlines a number of very disturbing questions.First of all, lethal injection is administered by unqualified staff and the debate rages on in the medical community where it is ethically forbidden for any member of this profession to be an actor of the execution process. In some cases, those in charge of the execution have used lethal injection as an ultimate gesture of vengeance, submitting the person sentenced to death to additional torture.Secondly, from a more scientific perspective, nobody can currently give an accurate assessment of the consequences of the three-drug cocktail (1. Sodium Tiopenthal, 2. Pancuronium Bromide, 3. Potassium Chloride) , let alone the combined effect of this cocktail mixed in human blood.We could also raise the issue of conscious awareness, which does not solely affect death row prisoners: patients have suffered the same fate while undergoing surgery during which they were paralysed, therefore unable to communicate or express their suffering, but totally awake in a state of “conscious awareness”.It appears clearly today that sodium tiopenthal is used strictly for the comfort of those witnessing the execution and not in order to “euthanise” a person. Lethal injection in the United-States still does not meet veterinarian standards. A one-dose of barbiturate would suffice to put someone to sleep, then to death, without suffering or torture.Executions will resume in 2008Should the Supreme Court decide that the lethal injection protocol, as it has been used until recently, is constitutional, fresh executions will be scheduled very quickly, in late June or early July. Should the Supreme Court decide to set a new standard for the lethal injection cocktail, the states will modify the execution protocol accordingly; many of them are already preparing for it, and executions will probably resume, in the best of cases, in the autumn of 2008. The only satisfaction that would result from it would be to know that those who will be executed won’t be put to death while enduring barbaric suffering.In the first case scenario, the abolitionist community will pick up its favourite argument: lethal injection is a torture, which still won’t help abolition itself. In the second case, the cause will take three steps back as those in favour of capital punishment will argue that the execution protocol is now“humane”.It is true that in a state like Texas, where executions are frequent (on average two to three per month), the diversity of arguments against the death penalty is a necessary tool for the educational process. The method of execution, the number of inmates exonerated from death rows, the financial cost of capital cases or the human price of a political justice which does not care for the truth: we are forced to play all those cards because the horror is a daily reality.One must note that the American criminal justice system is mostly political as its main actors are elected. They are therefore accountable to their voters and have to campaign to raise funds for the next election. Such a justice system feeds itself on a culture of results and immediacy. It maintains a major conflict of interest with the very concept of justice and it can never be impartial. Corruption is endemic and deeply rooted.Only one question remains: the validity of capital punishmentAfter having read the transcript of the oral arguments on Baze v Rees on January 7, it appears clearly that the Justices are very divided on the issue and they are not about to accept a case that would ask the only valid question: is there one method of execution that would be humane and not violate the founding principles of the American Constitution?We all dream of such a Supreme Court, but it is not about to happen any time soon. In the meantime, many death row prisoners will die, whether at the hands of barbarians without principles and consciousness or at the hands of men who will have restored a little dignity for the dying death row prisoners.Unless the international political community and the media get involved, as they should have done decades ago, barbarity made in USA will go on in general indifference.The European Union, which has been preaching for universal abolition for years, must reassess its choices when striking trade deals with killing states in America and actively fight the killing beast with acts rather than with meaningless words.We will not give up and we will not lose hope, even though from visits on death row to executions and along the road of indifference we all lose a little bit of ourselves.We must fight with a clear agenda, without using side issues, because there is only one reason to justify abolition: the justice of men in the 21st century cannot kill.Supreme Court photo: Andifeelfine [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2915] => Array ( [objectID] => 4952 [title] => Activists uncover secret executions in Nigeria [timestamp] => 1199836800 [date] => 09/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/activists-uncover-secret-executions-in-nigeria/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Research by Amnesty International and a group of Nigerian NGOs has revealed that covert executions have been taking place in Nigeria’s prisons. [texte] => In a joint statement released at the end of December, World Coalition member organisation Amnesty International (AI) and 17 Nigerian human rights organisations said they had uncovered evidence of at least seven executions by hanging in the last two years.The revelation came just one month after a Nigerian government representative at the UN spoke about the death penalty in Nigeria. “Punishment only comes after exhaustive legal and judicial processes, including recourse to the supreme court of the land,” he said. He added: “It is thus on record that we have not carried out any capital punishment in recent years in Nigeria.”But human rights activists have established that several prisoners were executed before they had access to proper legal representation and appeal procedures.The investigation started when AI, who was conducting a prison visit mission in Nigeria in 2007, heard rumours about covert executions. It then teamed up with local NGOs to research the issue.Work on the ground“They did the work on the ground”, said AI's Nigeria researcher Aster van Kregten. “They went to the prisons, were able to see the registers and saw that the cause of death was judicial execution”, she added.The authorities in Kano state, where the executions took place, acknowledged the facts but denied any attempt to hide the executions. “I don't know what secrecy Amnesty is talking about,” said Kano's justice commissioner Aliyu Umar. “Legal executions anywhere in the world are carried out within the confines of prisons in the same way these seven executions were carried out,” he added.AI called on Nigeria to impose an immediate moratorium on executions. Aster van Kregten said that the organisation has written to Nigeria's federal government and expects an answer shortly.AI is continuing to investigate to confirm the names of all those executed and the dates of the executions.Illustration: drawing depicting life on death row in Enugu prison, Nigeria, by former inmate Arthur Judah Angel© Arthur Judah Angel [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria [1] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2916] => Array ( [objectID] => 4953 [title] => New Jersey sets an example for US states [timestamp] => 1199750400 [date] => 08/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/new-jersey-sets-an-example-for-us-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The abolition of the death penalty in New Jersey on December 17 could pave the way for other US states. Death Penalty Focus's Speedy Rice explains how some of them may make the move. [texte] => As he signed the abolition of the death penalty into New Jersey law on December 18, Governor Jon S. Corzine enunciated a number of principles that may inspire more US states in 2008.“Government cannot provide a foolproof death penalty that precludes the possibility of executing the innocent. Society must ask: is it not morally superior to imprison 100 people for life than it is to execute all 100 when it is probable we execute an innocent?,” he said, before arguing against the inefficiency and high cost of capital punishment.He also thanked “advocacy groups, particularly New Jerseyans for Alternatives to the Death Penalty, which have created a fundamental grass roots groundswell that put pressure on those of us in public service to stand up and do the right thing”.Lawmakers in several other states could follow in the footsteps of New Jersey.Bills narrowly defeated in Maryland and NebraskaIn Maryland too, the governor wants to repeal the death penalty. A Senate committee there narrowly rejected the proposal by a 5-5 vote last March.In Nebraska, the unicameral parliament rejected an abolition bill by just one vote. “This could change at the next election – it could pass or fall back,” said Speedy Rice, a professor of law and activist with Death Penalty Focus and the National Association of Criminal Defence Lawyers (NACDL), both member organisations of the World Coalition.New Mexico, Montana and other states have also made progress towards the adoption of legislation repealing capital punishment. There has been more activity in that area than in previous legislative cycles throughout US states, says Speedy Rice.“Every state must be considered as a separate country when it comes to the death penalty, with the exception of federal law which deals with the ban on cruel and unusual punishment”, he said.The Supreme Court has begun to examine the lethal injection protocol in the light of that constitutional provision. The outcome of the case could have an impact on the way states consider their local death penalty legislation.An opportunity to debate the death penalty“If the Supreme Court rules that this method is illegal, those states that use it – all of them except for Nebraska – will have to devise a new one. In some states, it can be done through a simple prison order. Others will need new legislation,” said Speedy Rice. “This could create a possibility for litigation, and an opportunity to create discourse, to talk about what happens when you kill a human being. It is very important to educate the public.”The Supreme Court review of lethal injections will also clarify the position of two recently appointed justices on the death penalty. It might also trigger the answer to the big question about abolition in the US this year: will capital punishment become an issue in next November's presidential election? [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2917] => Array ( [objectID] => 4954 [title] => Activists celebrate abolition in Uzbekistan [timestamp] => 1199664000 [date] => 07/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/activists-celebrate-abolition-in-uzbekistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Uzbekistan became the first state to abolish the death penalty in 2008. World Coalition members Community of Sant’Egidio and Mothers Against the Death Penalty, who have led a campaign in the region, welcome the move. [texte] => Uzbekistan abolished the death penalty on 1 January 2008 when the Supreme Court confirmed a presidential decree signed on 1 August 2005.The Community of Sant’Egidio and the Association of Uzbekistan Mothers Against the Death Penalty greet this historic step with joy and appreciation. They have been working for years to end capital punishment in Uzbekistan and throughout Central Asia.They note that the move follows a similar decision taken last year by Kyrgyzstan. Kazakhstan also has begun moving toward a moratorium and complete abolition.Uzbekistan has become the first country to eliminate the death penalty after the approval of the moratorium on the part of the U.N. General Assembly on 18 December.Extraordinary work of Uzbek abolitionistsThe move is tied to the extraordinary work of Uzbek abolitionists, and particularly the movement Mothers Against the Death Penalty, founded by Tamara Chikunova (photo). The group was closely involved in the entire process leading to the moratorium and adoption of the death penalty ban in Uzbekistan and was a strong supporter of the UN resolution for a universal moratorium.Tamara Chikunova awakened the conscience of the world by recounting her tragic experience as a mother who lost her only son. He was unjustly condemned to death and secretly executed without her being allowed to visit him one last time.The Community of Sant’Egidio supported the foundation of the association of Mothers Against the Death Penalty, made up of parents of executed prisoners, and has assisted its work. The organisation then joined the World Coalition Against the Death penalty, which turned international attention towards Uzbekistan.Successful legal actionTwenty-one people condemned to death have been saved from execution thanks to the creation of a pool of qualified legal assistants and local actions to defend human rights despite the many difficulties and the personal risks run by Tamara Chikunova. She was often threatened as the association sought legal recognition from the government.International attention and the interventions of Italian and European representatives in Tashkent, at the urging of the Sant’Egidio Community, helped Mothers Against the Death Penalty secure government recognition and ensured the safety of Tamara Chikunova. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Uzbekistan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2918] => Array ( [objectID] => 4955 [title] => Video: watch and think [timestamp] => 1199664000 [date] => 07/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/video-watch-and-think/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As the debate about lethal injections and the presidential election campaign are raging in the United States, a short film by two young directors establishes a link between the two. [texte] => As the debate about lethal injections and the presidential election campaign are raging in the United States, a short film by two young directors establishes a link between the two.THINK (PRIX EICAR 2007), Lucas de Gastines & Igor Gotesman" [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2919] => Array ( [objectID] => 5842 [title] => Father Finds Peace in Forgiveness [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/father-finds-peace-in-forgiveness/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Hector Black's daughter was murdered after she surprised an intruder in her Atlanta home. In this powerful recording, Black discusses how he found peace in forgiving the man who murdered his child. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18791726 ) [2920] => Array ( [objectID] => 6013 [title] => The Grass Beneath His Feet: The Charles Victor Thompson Story [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-grass-beneath-his-feet-the-charles-victor-thompson-story/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Nothing produced a glow in his eyes like the wonders of nature provoking his every curiosity. Everything about nature appealed to his meticulous character and his childhood was invested at Medina Lake, chasing down fireflies, and fishing. There was nothing he liked better than fried perch and eggs for breakfast. So how does such an innocent boy end up on death row in what most agree is the most relentless state for executing murders? The Grass Beneath His Feet recounts the life of Charles Victor Thompson, who after falling in love; found himself in a disturbing chain of events that would change his life forever. This re-telling of his story is extracted directly from the journals of Charles Victor Thompson himself where his childhood, his true love, and his ultimate escape from death row are revealed. For this first time, readers can enjoy the intimate details of the escape that shocked the entire nation. America?s Most Wanted, CNN, The World News all wanted to know the same question: How did this man manage to escape from the most notorious death row system in the country? The Grass Beneath His Feet also introduces Charles to the people, not as a murderer, but as a man fighting to prove that there were many flaws in his legal process that kept him from proving that he does not meet criteria for capital punishment. Prepare to embark on a journey into a life at death row through the eyes of Charles Victor Thompson and run next to him as a child and an escapee as he took in the beauty of nature and the South Texas sun with the grass beneath his feet. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/The-Grass-Beneath-His-Feet/dp/1434364798 ) [2921] => Array ( [objectID] => 6142 [title] => Report : Third World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-third-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Participants in the Third World Congress Against the Death Penaltyin Paris have repeated again and again that the universal abo-lition of the death penalty is underway. The work carried outin Paris 2007 has clearly shown it: an irreversible downwardtrend in the number of death sentences and executions is vis-ible worldwide. Above all an increasing number of nations haveabandoned this useless and cruel practice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abolition.fr/nous-contacter/ ) [2922] => Array ( [objectID] => 6179 [title] => Stress and the Capital Jury: How Male and Female Jurors React to Serving on a Murder Trial [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/stress-and-the-capital-jury-how-male-and-female-jurors-react-to-serving-on-a-murder-trial/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Previous research findings gathered by the Capital Jury Project showed that many jurors whoserved on capital murder trials experienced significant stress and suffered extreme emotionalsetbacks. The present analysis extends these findings by focusing on gender-specific variationsin responses given by male and female jurors as revealed through extensive in-depth inter-views. Findings from structured questions and juror narrative accounts about psychologicaland physical suffering revealed that more females than males reported generalized fear, feltan overwhelming sense of loneliness or isolation, and experienced a significant loss of appetiteduring the trial. While male and female jurors both mentioned becoming emotionally upsetabout the crime-scene evidence and trial testimony, experienced sleeping problems, and start-ed using prescription drugs or illicit substances, these issues were discussed more often byfemales. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => cdm16501.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/criminal/id/154 ) [2923] => Array ( [objectID] => 6334 [title] => The Death Penalty in China: Towards the Rule of Law [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-china-towards-the-rule-of-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the run up to the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, intemational criticism of China's human rights record has highlighted the use of the death penalty. Although global activists may try to intemationalise China's use ofthe death penalty, capital punishment is a domestic issue. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Academic report ) [url_doc] => http://penademuerte.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/capitulo-9.pdf ) [2924] => Array ( [objectID] => 6391 [title] => No to the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/no-to-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This film is based on the death penalty in Kazakhstan. The death penalty was formerly a common charge for the most obscene crimes, and was at its greatest prominence in 1995, when 101 males on charges of death sentences were executed by the firing squad. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kazakhstan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/resource/death-penalty/ ) [2925] => Array ( [objectID] => 6396 [title] => Awaiting Death [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/awaiting-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This film gives an insight into prison life for 174 men convicted and sentenced to death or to life imprisonment in Kyrgyzstan. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kyrgyzstan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/multimedia/awaiting-death ) [2926] => Array ( [objectID] => 6470 [title] => كار با برنامه حقوق بشر سازمان ملل متحد کتابی برای راهنمایی جامعه مدني [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%84%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af-%da%a9/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => اين كتاب راهنما خطاب به همه فعالان جامعه مدني، ازجمله سازمان هاي غيردولتي، اما نه فقط آنها، توضيح مي دهد چگونه جامعه مدني مي تواند با نهادها وسازوكارهاي گوناگون حقوق بشرسازمان ملل همكاري كند [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/AboutUs/CivilSociety/Handbookfor_Civil_Society_Persian.pdf ) [2927] => Array ( [objectID] => 6471 [title] => Working with the United Nations Human Rights Programme A Handbook for Civil Society [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/working-with-the-united-nations-human-rights-programme-a-handbook-for-civil-society/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Speaking to all civil society actors, including but not only non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the Handbook explains how civil society can engage with various United Nations human rights bodies and mechanisms. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/CivilSociety/Documents/Handbook_en.pdf ) [2928] => Array ( [objectID] => 6536 [title] => The Court of Life and Death: The Two Tracks of Constitutional Sentencing Law and the Case for Uniformity. [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-court-of-life-and-death-the-two-tracks-of-constitutional-sentencing-law-and-the-case-for-uniformity/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Article argues for the abandonment of the two-track approach to sentencing by the Supreme Court. It finds no support in the Constitution's text, history, or structure, and the functional arguments given by the Court to support its capital decisions apply with equal force to all other criminal punishments. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1267266&http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1267266 ) [2929] => Array ( [objectID] => 6605 [title] => Working with the United Nations Human Rights Programme: A Handbook for Civil Society [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/working-with-the-united-nations-human-rights-programme-a-handbook-for-civil-society-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Working with the United Nations Human Rights Programme: A Handbook for Civil Society is addressed to the civil society actors who, every day in every part of the world, contribute to the promotion, protection and advancement of human rights. Developed following a survey among users of the first edition of the Handbook—Working with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: A Handbook for NGOs (2006)—this comprehensively updated and revised second edition puts United Nations human rights bodies and mechanisms at its centre. Speaking to all civil society actors, including but not only non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the Handbook explains how civil society can engage with various United Nations human rights bodies and mechanisms. It is the hope of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) that this Handbook will enable more people to enjoy and make claim to their human rights through these bodies and mechanisms. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/CivilSociety/Documents/Handbook_ENG.pdf ) [2930] => Array ( [objectID] => 6616 [title] => No to the Death Penalty, No to Revenge [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/no-to-the-death-penalty-no-to-revenge/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A murder victim's family member talks out about her opposition to the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-o_HWgatFM ) [2931] => Array ( [objectID] => 6625 [title] => Objection Handbook [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/objection-handbook/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This handbook is divided into five tabbed sections. The first section provides some general guidelines to assist trial counsel in properly preserving issues for appellate review. Sections 2-4 address the following topics: (2) pre-trial issues; (3) jury selection and juror misconduct issues; (4) the substantive admissibility of evidence; and, (5) the solicitor’s closing argument. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/death-penalty-project/upload/Objection-20Handbook.pdf ) [2932] => Array ( [objectID] => 6643 [title] => Coping with Innocence after Death Row [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/coping-with-innocence-after-death-row/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The enduring images of exonerees are of vindicated individuals reunited with family and friends in a moment of happiness and relief, tearful men embraced by supporters who have long fought for their release.We think of these moments as conclusions, but really they’re the start of a new story, one that social science is beginning to tell about how exonerees are greeted by their communities, their homes, and their families, and how they cope with the injustice of their confinement and rebuild their lives on the outside. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.r-a-e.org/sites/default/files/docs/WesterveltandCook2008ContextsCopingWithInnocence.pdf ) [2933] => Array ( [objectID] => 6672 [title] => Fight for Life on Death Row (Greg Tomson) [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fight-for-life-on-death-row-greg-tomson/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This video explores the case of Greg Tomson who killed a 28 year woman. Originally he was seen as competent to stand trial, now his defense who are appealing his case, are trying to show that Tomson was not mentally stable when he committed the crime and also that he does not understand why the state is seeking the death penalty against him. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=3486440n&tag=related;photovideo ) [2934] => Array ( [objectID] => 6675 [title] => Mpagi Edward Edmary [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mpagi-edward-edmary/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mpagi Edward Edmary from Uganda spent over 18 years on death row, accused of killing a man who was later found to be alive.Mr. Mpagi's family successfully campaigned for his release, providing evidence that the alleged victim was still alive. Sentenced to death for murder in 1982, the Attorney General proved that the man Mr Mpagi was accused of murdering was still alive in 1989. However it was not until 2000 when a nine member presidential committee released Mr Mpagi, deciding he was innocent.Held for many years in the Luzira Upper Prison, Mr. Mpagi taught his fellow inmates to read and write. He became one of the longest serving inmates and a prison elder. Mr. Mpagi is now an advocate for the abolition of the death penalty and is a committed religious leader. A graduate from a Catholic Diocese he regularly tours prisons providing inspiration and hope to prisoners. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MXOaEzagW0 ) [2935] => Array ( [objectID] => 6676 [title] => Ray Krone [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ray-krone/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ray Krone was on death row in Arizona State Prison for two years (and eight years in prison) before he was freed after DNA tests proved his innocence in 2002.Mr. Krone became the 100th death row inmate to be proven innocent in the United States of America since 1973. Mr. Krone was twice convicted for a murder he did not commit. Mr. Krone tell his story in this video. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=US&feature=user&hl=uk&v=Fz35tNT-Zt8 ) [2936] => Array ( [objectID] => 6677 [title] => Wrongful Convicitions in Californian Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/wrongful-convicitions-in-californian-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report details the cases of thirteen men and one woman who were convicted of first degree murder in California and later freed after a court concluded that they had been wrongfully convicted. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/downloads/CA%20Wrongful%20Convictions%20Report%20Final%20March%2028.2008.pdf ) [2937] => Array ( [objectID] => 6694 [title] => Report 2008. Asia: Its time to end executions [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-2008-asia-its-time-to-end-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 2008 World Day report presents information on the death penalty in the world with particular attention to India, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Pakistan and Vietnam. The events that took place around the world in 2008 for the world day are noted in this report also. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-RapportJM2008-1.pdf ) [2938] => Array ( [objectID] => 6705 [title] => The Death Penalty: The Ultimate Punishment [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-the-ultimate-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Campaigning toolkit published by Amnesty International. A 16-page detailed advocacy document explaining why the abolition of the death penalty is necessary and how the theories behind capital punishment get it wrong. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/015/2008/en/82ba002d-3634-11dd-9db5-cb00b5aed8dc/act500152008eng.pdf ) [2939] => Array ( [objectID] => 6713 [title] => End the Death Penalty, Mike Farrell on Meet the Bloggers [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/end-the-death-penalty-mike-farrell-on-meet-the-bloggers/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Meet the Bloggers talks about the death penalty with two anti death penalty campaigners. The cases of Troy Davis and Montell Johnson are discussed and issues such as discrimination, retribution, the cost of the death penalty, religion and sentencing alternatives are touched upon. Short clips on the Death Penalty in Mexico, Amnesty Internationals campaign and how you can help fight the death penalty are all discussed here. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QCL1rS6awUo&feature=player_embedded#at=724 ) [2940] => Array ( [objectID] => 6714 [title] => Stephen Bright v. Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/stephen-bright-v-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Renowned capital defense attorney Stephen Bright discusses the death penalty in light of recent Supreme Court decisions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64TEOfpXCYc ) [2941] => Array ( [objectID] => 6752 [title] => Alternatives to the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/alternatives-to-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In every state that retains the death penalty, jurors have the option of sentencing convicted capital murderers to life in prison without the possibility of parole. The sentence is cheaper to tax-payers and keeps violent offenders off the streets for good. The information is California specific. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=84 ) [2942] => Array ( [objectID] => 6755 [title] => Myth of the hanging tree: stories of crime and punishment in territorial New Mexico [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/myth-of-the-hanging-tree-stories-of-crime-and-punishment-in-territorial-new-mexico/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The haunting specter of hanging trees holds a powerful sway on the American imagination, conjuring images of rough-and-tumble frontier towns struggling to impose law and order in a land where violence was endemic. In this thoughtful study, former New Mexico State Historian Robert Torrez examines several fascinating criminal cases that reveal the harsh and often gruesome realities of the role hangings, legal or otherwise, played in the administration of frontier justice. At first glance, the topic may seem downright morbid, and in a sense it is, but these violent attempts at justice are embedded in our perception of America's western experience. In tracing territorial New Mexico's efforts to enforce law, Torrez challenges the myths and popular perceptions about hangings and lynching in this corner of the Wild West. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Myth-Hanging-Tree-Punishment-Territorial/dp/0826343791 ) [2943] => Array ( [objectID] => 6781 [title] => Against the death penalty: international initiatives and implications [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/against-the-death-penalty-international-initiatives-and-implications/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This edited volume brings together leading scholars on the death penalty within international, regional and municipal law. It considers the intrinsic elements of both the promotion and demise of the punishment around the world, and provides analysis which contributes to the evolving abolitionist discourse.The contributors consider the current developments within the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the African Commission and the Commonwealth Caribbean, and engage with the emergence of regional norms promoting collective restriction and renunciation of the punishment. They investigate perspectives and questions for retentionist countries, focusing on the United States, China, Korea and Taiwan, and reveal the iniquities of contemporary capital judicial systems. Emphasis is placed on the issues of transparency of municipal jurisdictions, the jurisprudence on the 'death row phenomenon' and the changing nature of public opinion. The volume surveys and critiques the arguments used to scrutinize the death penalty to then offer a detailed analysis of possible replacement sanctions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9780754674139 ) [2944] => Array ( [objectID] => 6791 [title] => Officials’ Estimates of the Incidence of ‘Actual Innocence’ Convictions [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/officials-estimates-of-the-incidence-of-actual-innocence-convictions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Evidence indicates that the conviction and imprisonment of factually innocent persons occur with some regularity. Most research focuses on causes, but the incidence of wrongful convictions is an important scientific and policy issue, especially as no official body gathers data on miscarriages of justice. Two methods are available for discovering the incidence of wrongful conviction: (1) enumerating specific cases and (2) having criminal justice experts estimate its incidence. Counts or catalogues of wrongful conviction necessarily undercount its incidence and are subject to accuracy challenges. We surveyed Michigan criminal justice officials, replicating a recent Ohio survey, to obtain an expert estimate of the incidence of wrongful conviction. All groups combined estimated that wrongful convictions occurred at a rate of less than 1/2 percent in their own jurisdiction and at a rate of 1-3 percent in the United States. Defense lawyers estimate higher rates of wrongful conviction than judges, who estimate higher rates than police officials and prosecutors. These differences may be explained by professional socialization. An overall wrongful conviction estimate of 1/2 percent extrapolates to about 5,000 wrongful felony convictions and the imprisonment of more than 2,000 innocent persons in the United States every year. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a791582795?jumptype=alert&alerttype=author,email ) [2945] => Array ( [objectID] => 6844 [title] => Gall, Gallantry, and the Gallows: Capital Punishment and the Social Construction of Gender, 1840-1920 [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/gall-gallantry-and-the-gallows-capital-punishment-and-the-social-construction-of-gender-1840-1920/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this article, the authors examine how the debate over women's executions during the nineteenth and early twentieth century funneled and in various ways processed the contrary demands of gender and capital justice. They show how encounters with capital punishment both reflected and reinforced dominant interpretations of womanhood and as such contributed to the intricate web of normative strictures that affected all women at the time. At the same time, however, the often heated debates that accompanied such cases pried open some of the contradictions inherent in the dominant interpretations and, as a result, came to challenge the boundaries that separated not only women from men but also women from each other. Rather than viewing gender as a unidirectional influence on capital punishment, the authors argue that gender is best approached as an evolving social category that gets reconstructed, modified, and transformed whenever it is implicated in social practices and public debates. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://gas.sagepub.com/content/22/3/324.abstract ) [2946] => Array ( [objectID] => 6875 [title] => Convicting the Innocent [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/convicting-the-innocent/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Almost everything we know about false convictions is based on exonerations in rape and murder cases, which together account for only 2% of felony convictions. Within that important but limited sphere we have learned a lot in the past 30 years; outside it, our ignorance is nearly complete. This review describes what we now know about convicting the innocent: estimates of the rate of false convictions among death sentences; common causes of false conviction for rape or murder; demographic and procedural predictors of such errors. It also explores some of the types of false convictions that almost never come to light—innocent defendants who plead guilty rather than go to trial, who receive comparatively light sentences, who are convicted of crimes that did not occur (as opposed to crimes committed by other people), who are sentenced in juvenile court—in fact, almost all innocent defendants who are convicted of any crimes other than rape or murder. Judging from what we can piece together, the vast majority of false convictions fall in these categories. They are commonplace events, inconspicuous mistakes in ordinary criminal investigations that never get anything close to the level of attention that sometimes leads to exoneration. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.4.110707.172300 ) [2947] => Array ( [objectID] => 6909 [title] => The politics of increasing punitiveness and the rising populism in Japanese criminal justice policy [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-politics-of-increasing-punitiveness-and-the-rising-populism-in-japanese-criminal-justice-policy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The purpose of this article is (1) to establish that increasing punitiveness characterizes criminal justice policies in Japan and (2) to explain this trend in terms of the penal populism promoted by crime victims and supporting politicians. This article first examines newspaper articles to illuminate the increasingly punitive character of recent criminal justice policies in Japan in terms of both legislation and judicial decisions. The next section discusses the main contributing factors behind this trend and its public acceptance. The next two sections discuss two related issues: the public's subjective sense of security, and the lack of a role for empirical criminologists in criminal justice policy making in Japan. The concluding section compares the Japanese and Anglo-American situations and argues that the same penal populism seen in Anglo-American countries is rapidly rising in Japan, and that public distrust of government has ironically increased the state's investigative, prosecutorial, and sentencing powers in Japan. This article closes with the conjecture that police, prosecutors, and judges are unlikely to relinquish their increased power in the event that they gain the public's trust and equally unlikely in the event of a change of the ruling party. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/10/1/47.abstract ) [2948] => Array ( [objectID] => 6912 [title] => Public Opinion on the Death Penalty in China: Results from a General Population Survey Conducted in Three Provinces in 2007/08 [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/public-opinion-on-the-death-penalty-in-china-results-from-a-general-population-survey-conducted-in-three-provinces-in-2007-08/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present project is concerned with the significant role that public opinion plays in the debate surrounding the death penalty and criminal policy in the People's Republic of China, including possible public reaction to any planned abolishment of the death penalty. How is public opinion on the death penalty exhibited in China? What influence does public opinion on the death penalty have on legislative and judicial practice in China? The principal goal of the project is to analyze the links that exist between public opinion, criminal policy, legislation and legal practice, and to initiate attitudinal changes amongst political and legal actors as well as the public at large. A further objective is to guide Chinese criminal law reform, particularly with regard to a possible reduction in the number of capital offences, against the background of the ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.mpicc.de/shared/data/pdf/forschung_aktuell_41.pdf ) [2949] => Array ( [objectID] => 6920 [title] => COMPETENT CAPITAL REPRESENTATION: THE NECESSITY OF KNOWING AND HEEDING WHAT JURORS TELL US ABOUT MITIGATION [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/competent-capital-representation-the-necessity-of-knowing-and-heeding-what-jurors-tell-us-about-mitigation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While there are antecedent factual determinations jurors must make, including the existence of a statutory aggravating circumstance, the final decision the jurors must make is not factual in nature. As the courts have noted, this is an “awesome responsibility,” and the jury must make a “reasoned moral” decision whether life imprisonment without the possibility of parole or the death penalty is the appropriate punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://law.hofstra.edu/pdf/academics/journals/lawreview/lrv_issues_v36n03_cc2-blume.pdf ) [2950] => Array ( [objectID] => 6955 [title] => Law, society, and capital punishment in Asia [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/law-society-and-capital-punishment-in-asia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Students of capital punishment need to study Asia, the site of at least 85 percent and as many as 95 percent of the world's executions. This article explores the varieties of Asian capital punishment in two complementary ways. Cross-sectionally, the impression of uniformity that comes from classifying 95 percent of the population of Asia as living in executing states breaks down when closer attention is paid to the character of capital punishment policy within retentionist nations. Temporally, the general trajectory of capital punishment in the Asian region seems downward (though generalizations about patterns in this part of the world are undermined by significant data problems). Asia is also a useful territory for testing the generality of theories of capital punishment based on European experience. Looking forward, Japan and South Korea, two developed nations in Asia that still retain the death penalty, may indicate what other Asian nations are likely to do as they develop. Ultimately, Asia either will become a major staging area for world-wide abolition or the campaign against capital punishment will fail to achieve global status. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/10/2/103.short ) [2951] => Array ( [objectID] => 6956 [title] => The political origins of death penalty exceptionalism: Mao Zedong and the practice of capital punishment in contemporary China [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-political-origins-of-death-penalty-exceptionalism-mao-zedong-and-the-practice-of-capital-punishment-in-contemporary-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article focuses on the role played by Mao Zedong in the making of the Chinese communist legal system in general and in the Chinese practice of the death penalty under Mao in particular. It attempts to study this link through an analysis of an event which represented a landmark, namely the campaign of the regression against counterrevolutionaries launched in 1950—2, and through an examination of three specific cases, which enable us to observe the concrete characteristics of these practices, whose effects continue to be felt in today's China. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/10/2/117.short ) [2952] => Array ( [objectID] => 6958 [title] => The death penalty and society in contemporary China [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-and-society-in-contemporary-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Why are death penalty provisions, convictions and executions so prevalent in China? This article aims to answer this question by way of defining China as a 'state power' based society characterized by a socialist social system. The prevalence of the death penalty in China can be explained in terms of the following factors: first, the death penalty is a political issue of state power; second, the death penalty is a crucial part of criminal policy in a 'state power'-based society; third, the issue of whether to retain the death penalty is a political rather than a legal matter. The Chinese government has improved its death penalty system in recent years; however, the situation has not fundamentally changed. The future of death penalty policy and practice in China will depend primarily on legal rather than democratic developments. The death penalty serves as a focal point that can help illuminate issues of punishment and society in East Asia. Accordingly, this article will elaborate my theories regarding the death penalty in contemporary China, with the primary intent of elucidating the relationship between punishment and society in China. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/10/2/137.abstract ) [2953] => Array ( [objectID] => 6959 [title] => The death penalty in China today: Kill fewer, kill cautiously [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-china-today-kill-fewer-kill-cautiously/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While the PRC death penalty debate has been an ongoing and highly contentious issue in the international human rights arena, death sentence policy and practice in China has remained relatively static since the early 1980s. Events in late 2006 and early 2007 have now dramatically changed the landscape of capital punishment in China. This paper analyses the recent debate on the death penalty in terms of the shifting power relationships in China today. The Supreme People’s Court wants to strictly limit the death penalty to only the ‘most heinous’ criminals while the politburo on the other hand, wants to maintain the two-decade old ‘strike hard’ policy which encourages severe punishment to be meted out to a wider range of serious criminals. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.jstor.org/stable/25150710 ) [2954] => Array ( [objectID] => 6962 [title] => Death Penalty: The Political Foundations of the Global Trend Towards Abolition [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-the-political-foundations-of-the-global-trend-towards-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty is like no other punishment. Its continued existence in many countries of the world creates political tensions within these countries and between governments of retentionist and abolitionist countries. After the Second World War, more and more countries have abolished the death penalty. This article argues that the major determinants of this global trend towards abolition are political, a claim which receives support in a quantitative cross-national analysis from 1950 to 2002. Democracy, democratisation, international political pressure on retentionist countries and peer group effects in relatively abolitionist regions all raise the likelihood of abolition. There is also a partisan effect, as abolition becomes more likely if the chief executive’s party is left wing-oriented. Cultural, social and economic determinants receive only limited support. The global trend towards abolition will go on if democracy continues to spread around the world and abolitionist countries stand by their commitment to press for abolition all over the world. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.springerlink.com/content/y5177x5618m1v531/ ) [2955] => Array ( [objectID] => 6965 [title] => Views on the death penalty among college students in India [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/views-on-the-death-penalty-among-college-students-in-india/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While research abounds on attitudes toward capital punishment in the United States, such work has been lacking in non-western nations — particularly in India, the world's largest democracy. Data recently collected have revealed variance in levels of support for the death penalty among Indian college students: 44 percent express some degree of opposition, 13 percent are uncertain, and 43 percent express some degree of support. Reasons for support or opposition also exhibited variance. According to a multivariate analysis, statistically significant reasons for support included retribution, instrumentalist goals, and incapacitation; while significant reasons for opposition included morality and the belief that deterrence could be achieved by imposing sentences of life without parole. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => India ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/10/2/207.abstract ) [2956] => Array ( [objectID] => 6971 [title] => Siting the Death Penalty Internationally [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/siting-the-death-penalty-internationally/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => We examine sources of variation in possession and use of the death penalty using data drawn from 193 nations in order to test theories of punishment. We find the death penalty to be rooted in a country's legal and political systems, and to be influenced by its religious traditions. A country's level of economic development, its educational attainment, and its religious composition shape its political institutions and practices, indirectly affecting its use of the death penalty. The article concludes by discussing likely future trends. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00105.x/abstract ) [2957] => Array ( [objectID] => 6972 [title] => Judging Innocence [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/judging-innocence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This empirical study examines for the first time how the criminal system in the United States handled the cases of people who were subsequently found innocent through postconviction DNA testing. The data collected tell the story of this unique group of exonerees, starting with their criminal trials, moving through levels of direct appeals and habeas corpus review, and ending with their eventual exonerations. Beginning with the trials of these exonerees, this study examines the leading types of evidence supporting their wrongful convictions, which were erroneous eyewitness identifications, forensic evidence, informant testimony, and false confessions. Yet our system of criminal appeals and postconviction review poorly addressed factual deficiencies in these trials. Few exonerees brought claims regarding those facts or claims alleging their innocence. For those who did, hardly any claims were granted by courts. Far from recognizing innocence, courts often denied relief by finding errors to be harmless. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://johnwilkenson.com/files/Judging%20Innocence,%20by%20BrandonGarrett.pdf ) [2958] => Array ( [objectID] => 6975 [title] => Death Penalty in Korea: From Unofficial Moratorium to Abolition? [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-in-korea-from-unofficial-moratorium-to-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article provides an overview of the legal regime governing the death penalty and the on-going debate on the death penalty in Korea. It begins by briefly reviewing international treaties that call for the abolition of the death penalty, contrasting them with the retentionist trend in most Asian countries. It then reviews the major decisions of the Korean Supreme Court and the Korean Constitutional Court. It also discusses recent moves in the National Assembly and the National Human Rights Commission to abolish the death penalty. It suggests that the Korean death penalty debate has potentially significant implications for its retentionist Asian neighbours grappling with similar issues. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic People's Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/asjcl.2008.3.1/asjcl.2008.3.1.1090/asjcl.2008.3.1.1090.xml ) [2959] => Array ( [objectID] => 6978 [title] => Is the Death Penalty an Asian Value? [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/is-the-death-penalty-an-asian-value/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since World War, a growing number of countries around the world have joinedthe movement to abolish capital punishment. Asia remains the exception and ithas been argued by some Asian leaders that the abolition of capital punishmentis in conflict with “Asian values” and that the abolitionist argument constitutesan illegitimate interference in what is essentially a domestic concern. Thisarticle reviews the death penalty in the context of international human rightsand examines the Asian values argument. Reviewing the teachings of Confuciusand other Asian philosophers, it suggests that the ongoing use of the deathpenalty in Asia is not rooted in intrinsic cultural traditions, but in fact is tiedto internal political decisions. The Asian values argument has been largelyused as a means to maintain political legitimacy, and not anything inherent tocultural factors. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=20165346 ) [2960] => Array ( [objectID] => 6979 [title] => Europe as an International Actor: Friends Do Not Let Friends Execute: The Council of Europe and the International Campaign to Abolish the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/europe-as-an-international-actor-friends-do-not-let-friends-execute-the-council-of-europe-and-the-international-campaign-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article investigates the way in which the Council of Europe enforced the norm against capital punishment in Europe. The Council of Europe, through both moral persuasion and centripetal pressure, compelled its member states to adopt the regionally promoted human rights standard. Ukraine, where the very last execution in Europe took place, accepted the norm after a number of years of resistance and in the face of public opposition to abolition. It was possible because of the adamant role of the Council of Europe in attempting to build a death penalty-free zone in Europe and Ukraine's strategic will to be integrated within the European regional community. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Ukraine ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ip/journal/v45/n2/full/8800223a.html ) [2961] => Array ( [objectID] => 6993 [title] => International Law and the Moral Precipice: A Legal Policy Critique of the Death Row Phenomenon [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-law-and-the-moral-precipice-a-legal-policy-critique-of-the-death-row-phenomenon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article provides an in-depth analysis of death row phenomenon. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/tulicl17&div=7&id=&page= ) [2962] => Array ( [objectID] => 7006 [title] => REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN CALIFORNIA [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-and-recommendations-on-the-administration-of-the-death-penalty-in-california/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report is divided into three parts. In Part A, the Commission identifies flaws in California’s death penalty system that render it dysfunctional, and remedies we unanimously recommend to repair it. Repairing the system would enable California to achieve the national average of a twelve year delay between pronouncement of sentence and the completion of all judicial review of the sentence. In Part B, the Commission offers the Legislature, the Governor, and the voters of California information regarding alternatives available to California’s present death penalty law. The Commission makes no recommendation regarding these alternatives. In Part C, the Commission presents recommendations relating to miscellaneous aspects of the administration of California’s death penalty law. We were not able to reach unanimous agreement upon all of these recommendations, and dissents are noted where applicable. Commissioner Jerry Brown, Attorney General of California, agrees in principle with some of the Commission’s recommendations as set forth in his separate statement. Commissioner William Bratton, Chief of Police for the City of Los Angeles, abstains from the specific recommendations in this Report, and will issue a separate explanatory statement. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Government body report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ccfaj.org/documents/reports/dp/official/FINAL%20REPORT%20DEATH%20PENALTY.pdf ) [2963] => Array ( [objectID] => 7050 [title] => Question of the death penalty: Report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report contains information covering the period from January 2006 to May 2008. The report indicates that the trend towards abolition of the death penalty continues; this is illustrated, inter alia, by the increase in the number of countries that are completely abolitionist and by the increase in ratifications of international instruments that provide for the abolition of this form of punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/8/11&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [2964] => Array ( [objectID] => 7053 [title] => Question of the death penalty: Report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-4/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report contains information on the question of the death penalty covering the period from June 2009 to July 2010, and draws attention to a number of phenomena, including the continuing trend towards abolition and the ongoing difficulties experienced in gaining access to reliable information on executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/15/19&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [2965] => Array ( [objectID] => 7063 [title] => The Death Penalty In Egypt: Theoretical and Practical Study in the Light of Islamic Shariah and International Human Rights Law [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-egypt-theoretical-and-practical-study-in-the-light-of-islamic-shariah-and-international-human-rights-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study addresses the subject of the "death Penalty in Egypt", which is an applied theoretical study done in light of the principles of the Islamic law and provisions concerning international human rights law. Egyptian Penal Code No. 58/1937 is the modern penal code that still retains the death penalty in spite of its cruelty and strictness and impossibility of reforming its results or amending them. The laws governing the death penalty in Egypt are considered one of the most deterrent penalties at all levels, general and private, that ensures combating crimes and preserving the interests of society, as well as ensuring stability in spite of the presence of an increasing international inclination led by the United Nations and some international NGOs headed by Amnesty International to abolish the Death Penalty given the difficulty to reconcile between this penalty and obligation to respecting human rights.There is no doubt that the intention to study the legislative system of the death penalty in Egypt, with the purpose of the determination of legality of this penalty and the demonstration of the feasibility of its application for society, is difficult without identifying all the roles and functions caused by the death penalty over successive legal ages in Egypt. When the criminal legislator passes new laws that address crimes in Egypt, in his appreciation, to achieve deterrence and for the purpose of combating crime, the legislator does nothing new in society. The work of the legislature work is a product of an interaction between the proposed legislative articles to solve the realistic problems from which society suffers in a historical moment on the one hand, and the cultural, social, religious, legal and political heritage coming to our society from abroad, may play a key role in the determination of the content of the proposed legislative text in the context of the mutual influence between cultures. In this context, this study begins by an introductory chapter entitled "The Historical Origins of the Death Penalty in Egypt" in which we tried to pin the Egyptian penal legislation to its origin by studying the position of death penalty and its evolution in society. By identifying the historical origin of the Death Penalty in Egypt, we then present an objective view on the future of death penalty in Egypt between retention and abolition. ---- Please find document at bottom of web page. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aproarab.org/modules.php?name=Reports_Publications ) [2966] => Array ( [objectID] => 7085 [title] => Death by Geography: A County By County Analysis of the Road to Execution in California [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-by-geography-a-county-by-county-analysis-of-the-road-to-execution-in-california/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => California's death penalty is arbitary, unnecessary and a waste of critical resources. Whilst the vast majority of California's counties have largely abandoned execution in favor of simply sentencing people to die in prison, 10 counties continue to aggressively sentence people to execution, accounting for nearly 85 percent of death sentences since 2000. California's death penalty has become so arbitary that the county border, not the facts of the case, determines who is sentenced to execution and who is simply sentenced to die in prison. Pursuing executions provides no identifiable benefit to these counties but costs millions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclunc.org/docs/criminal_justice/death_penalty/death_by_geography/death_by_geography.pdf ) [2967] => Array ( [objectID] => 7086 [title] => The Hidden Death Tax: The Secret Cost of Seeking Execution in California [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-hidden-death-tax-the-secret-cost-of-seeking-execution-in-california/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => California taxpayers pay at least $117 million each year at the post-conviction level seeking execution of the people currently on death row, or $175,000 per inmate per year. The largest single expense is the extra cost of simply housing people on death row, $90,000 per year per inmate more than housing in the general prison population. Executing all of the people currently on death row or waiting for them to die naturally - which will happen first - will cost California an estimated $4 billion more than if all the people on death row were sentenced to die of disease, injury or old age. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/downloads/The_Hidden_Death_Tax.pdf ) [2968] => Array ( [objectID] => 7094 [title] => The Last Holdouts: Ending the Juvenile Death Penalty in Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Pakistan, and Yeman [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-last-holdouts-ending-the-juvenile-death-penalty-in-iran-saudi-arabia-sudan-pakistan-and-yeman/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this 20-page report, Human Rights Watch documents failures in law and practice that since January 2005 have resulted in 32 executions of juvenile offenders in five countries: Iran (26), Saudi Arabia (2), Sudan (2), Pakistan (1), and Yemen (1). The report also highlights cases of individuals recently executed or facing execution in the five countries, where well over 100 juvenile offenders are currently on death row, awaiting the outcome of a judicial appeal, or in some murder cases, the outcome of negotiations for pardons in exchange for financial compensation [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2008/09/10/last-holdouts-0 ) [2969] => Array ( [objectID] => 7105 [title] => The Death Penalty in the Great Lakes Region of Africa: protagonists, arguments and strategies [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-great-lakes-region-of-africa-protagonists-arguments-and-strategies/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Focusing in particular on four of the region’s countries – Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda –, this research work aspires to become a practical tool for Great Lakes’ activists: after describing the state of play of the death penalty in the region, it examines the factors arguing in favour of its abolition and suggests strategies for individual and collective action. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/wcadpRapportGrandsLacs-en-1.pdf ) [2970] => Array ( [objectID] => 7130 [title] => THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2007 (and the first six months of 2008) [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-of-2007-and-the-first-six-months-of-2008/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The U.N. Moratorium on Executions : On December 18, 2007, with 104 votes in favour, 54 votes against and 29 abstentions, the United Nations 62nd General Assembly (UNGA) adopted a Resolution that calls upon all States that still maintain the death penalty to “Establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty.” [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=10314693 ) [2971] => Array ( [objectID] => 7136 [title] => Nigeria: Waiting for the Hangman [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/nigeria-waiting-for-the-hangman/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => More than 720 men and 11 women are under sentence of death in Nigeria’s prisons. They have one thing in common, beyond not knowing when they will be put to death. They are poor. From their first contact with the police, through the trial process, to seeking pardon, those with the fewest resources are at a serious disadvantage. This text describes the treatment of the death penalty in Nigeria. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR44/020/2008/en/f5297853-96dc-11dd-baed-87eba7d59a3c/afr440202008en.pdf ) [2972] => Array ( [objectID] => 7156 [title] => The death penalty worldwide developments in 2007 [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-worldwide-developments-in-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2007 the world continued to move closer to the universal abolition of the capital punishment. A historical landmark is the resolution on a moratorium on executions endorsed by the United Nations. By the end of the 2007, 91 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes. The death penalty has now been abolished in law or practice by 135 countries. Other subjects covered in this report include commutations, judicial reviews, use against child offenders; and extradition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/002/2008/en/f23d3808-fff9-11dc-b092-bdb020617d3d/act500022008eng.pdf ) [2973] => Array ( [objectID] => 7183 [title] => Affront to Justice: Death Penalty in Saudi Arabia [timestamp] => 1199145600 [date] => 01/01/2008 [annee] => 2008 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/affront-to-justice-death-penalty-in-saudi-arabia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International has been documenting the Saudi Arabian authorities’ extensive use of the death penalty for over a quarter of a century. This report is the latest evaluation, made in light of the legal, judicial and human rights changes that have been introduced in recent years in the country. The report details cases of death row prisoners on whose behalf Amnesty International has campaigned. It also includes testimonies of former detainees, some of whom have been under sentence of death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE23/027/2008/en/dc425c41-8bb9-11dd-8e5e-43ea85d15a69/mde230272008en.pdf ) [2974] => Array ( [objectID] => 4956 [title] => EU establishes European Day Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1197417600 [date] => 12/12/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/eu-establishes-european-day-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The change of government in Poland means that all EU member states now agree to take part in the World Day Against the Death Penalty every October 10. [texte] => The European Unions's Council of justice ministers on December 7 approved the creation of a European Day Against the Death Penalty. The event will take place every year on October 10, in conjunction with the World Coalition-sponsored World Day Against the Death Penalty.The move came after Polish voters elected a new governement last October. The previous Polish prime minister, Jaroslaw Kaczynski, had been blocking the EU initiative, arguing that the issue of capital punishment could not be considered separately from those of euthanasia and abortion.Poland's new Prime minister, Donald Tusk, has been eager to restore better co-operation with his country's EU partners since he was sworn in on November 16.On the death penalty front, this took the form of his justice minister's lifting the Polish veto on the creation of the European Day Against the Death Penalty.The EU, which imposes the abolition of the death penalty on all its member states, co-organised a conference in Lisbon with the World Coalition on October 10 last, despite the delay in the establishment of the full-scale European Day. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2975] => Array ( [objectID] => 4957 [title] => Texas report released on 25th anniversary of lethal injections [timestamp] => 1197417600 [date] => 12/12/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/texas-report-released-on-25th-anniversary-of-lethal-injections/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Texas Coalition Against the Death Penalty released its report on the death penalty in the state in 2007 exactly 25 years after the first death American row inmate received a lethal injection. [texte] => On December 7, 1982, Charlie Brooks was the first person executed by the State of Texas under its revised statute – and the first person executed by lethal injection in the US.The Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (TCADP) chose the 25th anniversary of this tragic event to release its first annual report on the use of capital punishment in Texas.The report was launched at a press conference in the state capitol in Austin (watch the video).Speaking at the event, TCADP president Rick Halperin said: "Is chemically poisoning people the very best response to some violent offenders that this state in particular and this nation in general is capable of meeting out?" He added: "We know the answer to this question is no. Then why are we doing it ?"On this occasion, TCADP highlighted in a press release that while most other states proceeded cautiously with their administration of the death penalty, Texas, which accounts for 62% of US executions in 2007, continued to carry them out at an alarming rate.The organisation regretted that only a U.S. Supreme Court decision to hear a Kentucky case challenging the constitutionality of the current lethal injection protocol (Baze v. Rees) forced the state to put its death penalty apparatus on hold. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2976] => Array ( [objectID] => 4958 [title] => International mobilisation saves the life of Filipina maid [timestamp] => 1197417600 [date] => 12/12/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/international-mobilisation-saves-the-life-of-filipina-maid/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A Filipina woman sentenced to death in Kuwait for the murder of her employer has seen her sentence commuted to life imprisonment after joint action by migrant and abolitionist groups. [texte] => Filipina domestic worker Marilou Ranario was sentenced to death in 2005 in Kuwait after she was found guilty of stabbing the woman who employed her. The Court of Cassation confirmed the sentence on November 27, 2007: Marilou Ranario was then at risk of imminent execution, pending the signature of an order by Kuwait's Emir Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah.However, when Filipina president Gloria Arroyo travelled to Kuwait and called on the Emir to commute the sentence, he agreed."I will reduce the penalty to life and when the other parties sign the forgiveness, I will further reduce the penalty", he reportedly told Arroyo.The decision follows an international campaign to save Marilou Ranario. Migrant groups started the campaign in the Philippines, organising demonstrations in support for the woman on World Day Against the Death Penalty last October.International supportConnie Bragas-Regalado, chairperson of Migrante International and organiser of the Save Marilou Ranario Movement, put pressure on the Philippines' government: "The Arroyo regime has yet to fully pursue and exhaust all forms of legal and diplomatic interventions needed to save her life", she said then.Meanwhile, Connie Bragas-Regalado contacted the World Coalition to gather international support. Coalition member Amnesty International took up the case and launched an international appeal on behalf of Marilou Ranario, calling on citizens worldwide to write to the Kuwaitian authorities.The campaign came to a positive conclusion on December 9.Marilou Ranario, a young mother who travelled to Kuwait to earn a living for her family was ill-treated by her employer and suffers from paranoia, according to her lawyer.She was one of the 35 overseas Filipino workers on death row throughout Asia and the Middle East, according to migrant organisations. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Kuwait [1] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2977] => Array ( [objectID] => 4959 [title] => Hands Off Cain holds moratorium conference in Gabon [timestamp] => 1197331200 [date] => 11/12/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/hands-off-cain-holds-moratorium-conference-in-gabon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Italian-based abolitionist group organised the event in Libreville on December 10, Human Rights Day 2007, with the government of Gabon and financial backing from the Dutch government. [texte] => Gabon's prime minister Jean Eyeghé Ndong and Consitutional Court president Marie-Madeleine MBorantsuo welcomed Hands Off Cain vice-president Elisabetta Zamparutti, government members, diplomats and civil society representatives in Libreville on December 10 to discuss the prospect of a global moratorium on the death penalty.Italy's ambassador to Gabon Raffaël de Bénedictis said that "it is necessary to keep raisning awareness on a large scale, to gain furhter support and widen the consensus base" around the idea of a moratorium.Delegations from Mali, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, where the abolition of the death penalty is currently considered, met officials from African countries that have ended capital punishment, such as Djibouti.Gabon itself abolished the death penalty on September 13, 2007. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Burundi [1] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [2] => Gabon [3] => Gabon [4] => Mali ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2978] => Array ( [objectID] => 4960 [title] => Tuscany against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1196467200 [date] => 01/12/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/tuscany-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Italian province celebrated the anniversary of the first law to ever abolish the death penalty on November 28. [texte] => Speaking at an international convention against capital punishment organised by the Regional Council of Tuscany on 28 November, Massimo Toschi, the Tuscan peace councillor, announced the sending of a letter to Pope Benedict XVI to request “the excommunication of the death penalty. We are asking the Pope to definitively speak out against the death penalty”.The convention took place during the Festival of Tuscany, held to commemorate the fact that the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was the first State in the world to abolish capital punishment on November 30, 1786.The President of the Regional Council, Riccardo Nencini, particularly welcomed two guests attending the convention: Mario Marazziti, spokesperson for the Community of Sant’Egidio, and Abdurahman Malkic, Mayor of Srebrenica, “which witnessed the most appalling genocide of modern times”.Universal moratoriumAngelo Passaleva, who represents the Region of Tuscany at the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, recalled that for the first time in history we find ourselves facing the real possibility that a universal moratorium will be approved by the UN General Assembly.“We must continue our efforts to convince countries which remain unsure and public opinion to vote for the resolution”, he stressed. “Just last year executions numbered more than 1,600, notwithstanding the fact that information from China is practically unknown”.Among other guests at the international convention were Walter Schmied, Vice-President of the Council of Europe, Brigitte Mabandla, South African Justice Minister, Per Pietro Marcenaro, President of the Permanent Committee for Human Rights in the Italian Chamber of Deputies, Cecilia Nava, Vice-Secretary of the Italian Section of Amnesty International, Modesto Ruiz Espinoza, a Venezuelan parliamentarian, José Eduardo Barbosa, Ambassador of the Republic of Cape Verde in Italy, and Joe H. Besley and Brima Conteh, Presidents respectively of African Ascension and Diaspora Africana. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2979] => Array ( [objectID] => 4961 [title] => Cities for life – Cities Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1196294400 [date] => 29/11/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/cities-for-life-cities-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On November 30, over 600 cities worldwideincluding over 30 capital cities lit up their public buildings in opposition to the death penalty. [texte] => This initiative, which originated in Italy, now includes over 30 capital cities. All the cities involved commemorate the anniversary of the first piece of legislation to abolish the death penalty, in Tuscany in 1786. Visit the event's website See the list of participating cities [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2980] => Array ( [objectID] => 4962 [title] => The Tuscany region against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1195603200 [date] => 21/11/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-tuscany-region-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The regional council will hold an abolitionist conference with speakers from various countries at the end of November. [texte] => The city of Florence will welcome Ivory Coast president Laurent Gbago and his Benin counterpart Thomas Yayi Boni for a day of discussion on the death penalty on November 28.Speakers from Cape Verde, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Dominican Republic and the Council of Europe as well as Italian reprensetatives and members of African migrants' associations will express their views during the course of the event.The Tuscany regional council, the Community of Sant'Egidio and Amnesty International, all members of the World Coalition, have prepared the conference together.To take part, phone the reginoal council's toll free number: 800 401 291, or e-mail urp@consiglio.regione.toscana.it [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Benin [1] => Côte d'Ivoire [2] => Italy ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2981] => Array ( [objectID] => 4963 [title] => Opportunity to end US lethal injections [timestamp] => 1195084800 [date] => 15/11/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/opportunity-to-end-us-lethal-injections/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Executions are currently on hold in the US pending a Supreme Court decision on the constitutionality of lethal injections. This is an opportunity for action from abolitionists, especially among the medical professions. [texte] => "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted": the Eighth Amendment to the US Constitution has been crucial in securing the current de facto moratorium on executions in the country.On October 30, the Supreme Court stayed the execution of Earl W. Berry just before he was scheduled to receive a lethal injection in Mississippi. This is an indication that it will block all executions until it has examined the questions raised by two other death row inmates, Ralph Baze and Thomas C. Bowling, about the consitutionality of the lethal injection method - the only mandatory one in the US.The lawyers for the two Kentucky men argue that "the chemicals or procedures used in lethal injections constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution".Although they are not challenging the legitimacy of capital punishment itself, they have given American abolitionists a new opening to bring the death penalty under scrutiny.Vendla Meyer, a member of Amnesty International and ECPM, said: "The hearings at the US Supreme Court in January will bring to public notice exactly what happens during a lethal injection. There will presumably be doctors, scientific experts, prison officials, witnesses from up and down the country. The slapdash methods presently applied in different states, the secretive protocols ineptly carried out will come to light."Even if the case does not lead the Supreme Court to ban lethal injections, it is an opportunity to expose the gruesome reality of capital punishment. This is crucial in the US where, according to Vendla Meyer, people support the death penalty "because they view it as an abstract issue".Jonathan Groner, a surgeon at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Colombus, Ohio and anti-lethal injection campaigner, also hopes that "people will realise that during this de facto moratorium, the crime rate does not rise".Medics should "stay away" from execution roomsAs a physician, he thinks that medics could do a lot to help bring about the end of lethal injections.A doctor's presence is always required to perform an execution, if anything else to pronounce the person dead. "There is no need to protest, if we just stayed away, there would be no executions in the US", Jonathan Groner said.Physicians, who take a personal oath to heal and not to kill when they enter the profession, are also requested by their professional organisations to refuse participation in executions. The International Council of Nurses even urges its members to "lobby for the abolition of the death penalty".However, Jonathan Groner has noticed that most American medics are not aware of those guidelines. "There is a need for a wide campaign to publicise them, and for peer pressure to make sure that no doctors, no nurses take part in executions", he said.He cited the case of a surgeon in Missouri who assisted in many executions and whose name was made public. "They could not find anyone to replace him", he said. In California, professionnal organisations have publicly called on their members to stay away from execution rooms.Jonathan Groner also criticised the participation of doctors in the elaboration of so-called "humane" execution protocols. "If you go back in history, the Nazis got doctors involved to execute physically and mentally disabled citizens, the guillotine was developed to kill people more "humanely"... But those methods were used inhumanely: they were an excuse for the execution of people who should not have been executed." [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2982] => Array ( [objectID] => 4964 [title] => A significant step towards universal abolition [timestamp] => 1195084800 [date] => 15/11/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/a-significant-step-towards-universal-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty welcomes the vote by the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly of a resolution calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty worldwide. [texte] => The resolution entitled ‘Moratorium on the use of the death penalty’ was supported by 99 governments, while 52 voted against it and 33 abstained.The text of the resolution, stipulates inter alia that:“Considering that the use of the death penalty undermines human dignity, and convinced that a moratorium on the use of the death penalty contributes to the enhancement and progressive development of human rights, that there is no conclusive evidence of the death penalty’s deterrent value and that any miscarriage or failure of justice in the death penalty’s implementation is irreversible and irreparable,” […]“The General Assembly, […] Calls upon all States that still maintain the death penalty to: […]Establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty”.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty expresses its deep satisfaction at the adoption of this historic resolution, as previous attempts to have such a resolution adopted have failed in the past.« This resolution will be extremely useful in the fight for the abolition of death penalty in Morocco and more largely in the Middle-East and North African region », stated Mr. Abdel-ilah Benabdesselam, Coordinator of the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty.Along with many other actors at national, regional, and international level, the World Coalition has been working actively to promote the adoption of this resolution in the past few months.It now calls on the General Assembly of the United Nations to fully endorse this resolution in its plenary meeting. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2983] => Array ( [objectID] => 4965 [title] => UN receives five million signatures in favour of a moratorium on executions [timestamp] => 1194480000 [date] => 08/11/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/un-receives-five-million-signatures-in-favour-of-a-moratorium-on-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A delegation of World Coalition member organisations has handed over the petition to United Nations General Assembly president Srgjan Kerim. [texte] => Mario Marizziti of the Community of Sant'Egidio headed the delegation and presented Srgjan Kerim with a book containing the 5,245,907 signatures collected in 154 countries since 1998 in favour of a universal moratorium on capital punishment, which the UN General Assembly president considered to be an impressive number.The group of international activists spent over half an hour with him before holding a press conference at the international organisation's headquarters in New York."For the first time, a real moral interfaith and also lay/secular front was created", Mario Marazziti said. "It is a demonstration of the strong will of the world and not just an idea of human rights that is rooted in the Italian or European tradition."Some 74 UN member states already support a draft resolution that would "establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the deathpenalty". It will be submitted to a vote in the UN General Assembly mid-November. Abolitionist campaigners throughout the world have been lobbying their government to secure their backing in that vote.Individual storiesThe presence of Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights members meant that a link could be established between the campaign against capital punishment and individual cases in which victims find no comfort in a vengeful judicial system."I had never thought much about the death penalty until the day the District Attorney asked me about it. I told him that I couldn’t imagine what could bring me comfort or lessen my pain and despair, but I knew it wasn’t that. I knew that another killing would not help me in my grief", said Marie Verzulli, whose sister was murdered ten years ago.The delegation included (photo, from left) Renny Cushing from Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights, Speedy Rice, representative of the National Association of Criminal Defence Lawyers, Helen Prejean, leading American advocate of the abolition of the death penalty and the woman behind the movie Dead Man Walking, Marie Verzulli, from Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights, Mario Marazziti, leader of the delegation and spokesperson for the Community of Sant'Egidio, Elizabeth Zitrin, member of the executive board of Death Penalty Focus, Bill Babbitt from Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights, and Yvonne Terlingen, Head of Amnesty International's UN Office in New York.Top photo: UN Photo/Paulo Filgueiras [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2984] => Array ( [objectID] => 4966 [title] => “Ending the death penalty in Lebanon and worldwide” [timestamp] => 1194220800 [date] => 05/11/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/ending-the-death-penalty-in-lebanon-and-worldwide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Over 75 people attended the conference focussing on the legal and social perspectives of the abolition of capital punishment in Beyrouth on October 17. [texte] => Over 75 people attended a conference entitled “Ending the Death Penalty in Lebanon and Worldwide: Legal and Social Perspectives” at Beyrouth's Institut Supérieur de La Sagesse pour l’Enseignement du Droit (ISSED) on October 17.There were some 30-40 students, and 20 teachers from La Sagesse and other universities, as well as the Archbishop of Beirt and several significant judges. The panel was presided over by the Dean of the Faculty of Law, and included Ms. Ogarite Younan, a Lebanese activist and Mr. Speedy Rice, American activist.Dr. Maroun Boustany, Dean of the Faculty of Law said that opponents to the death penalty (DP) around the world are increasing. This punishment is cruel, irreversible, irrational and not deterrent. It allows the community to kill in order to stop the individual.UN resolutionMr. Speedy Rice focused on the international campaign to submit to the UN General Assembly a resolution for an international moratorium on DP. He also considered DP as against human rights, and exposed the American experience in combating DP.He also highlighted the cases of Cambodia and Rwanda, where incredible atrocities took place, but they still cancelled the DP for all crimes.Some 20 years ago, only 16 countries had abolished the DP; today the number has increased to 60.The legacy of the Tabarja caseAs to Ms. Ogarit Younan, she focused on the National Coalition against DP in Lebanon, established in 1998, subsequently to the Tabarja case. There were street demonstrations in support of the families of victims, but also against the death penalty.The coalition counted then 60 organizations, parties and movements. It resulted in amending Article 302 of the Penal Code which imposed the DP without any mitigating circumstances (the killer shall be killed).The judge who presided over that particular case was attending the session. Judge Hatem Madi shared with the audience the “weight” imposed on his conscience because of that case.He confessed that article 302 robbed him of his authority as a judge to consider mitigating circumstances; that there was also political intervention in the case and a presidential will to carry out a death sentence. He said that it was his last death sentence, after which, along with another colleague, counselor Rustom Awad, they signed a petition against the DP.Article 302 has been changed and all DP sentences are automatically transferred to the court of differentiation.Are some criminals unreformable?A law professor teaching at the Military Academy, Isaam Mubarak, intervened at that point; he confessed having attended the burials of 11 of his students (privates, officers), some of whom were decapitated, their eyes removed, etc. (He used accurate description of gruesome acts of violence) pursuant to the events of Nahr El Bared.He doubted that these “people” could ever be reformed, and he refused the thought of them confined to “rosy detention cells”. His intervention was warmly applauded by students and a large number of attendees."No pious person can accept to kill"At this point, Ms. Younan intervened saying that one cannot justify the use of violence to deter criminals – and thus commit the same violence that they committed.She added that any pious or devout person cannot accept to kill another person.She disclosed that the Coalition worked on a comparative study of all DP sentences in Lebanon since the independence to this date: 52 people have been executed and 42 are waiting in Roumieh for their sentences to be carried out. She also informed the audience that an Arab Alliance against the Death Penalty has been approved finally in Morocco.An issue of political willFormer French Minister of Justice, Me. Robert Badinter, in a phone interview, shared France’s experience in DP. He believes that it is not an issue of a public opinion whose majority supports the DP; rather, it is an issue of a political will.The Italian Minister of Justice spoke briefly about the UN General Assembly resolution on a Moratorium on DP.Judge Hatem Madi spoke once more and asked 2 questions to abolitionists:What would you say to the parents of the victims?What do you think of an activist against the Death Penalty for political reasons?Finally, a priest spoke and said that Jesus was sentenced to death for a culture of love. He also said that instead of abolishing the DP immediately, one could develop virtues in human beings, and hence attack the causes of hatred. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Lebanon ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium [1] => Murder Victims' Families ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2985] => Array ( [objectID] => 4967 [title] => World Coalition hands 5 million signatures over to the UN [timestamp] => 1193875200 [date] => 01/11/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-hands-5-million-signatures-over-to-the-un/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The President of UN General Assembly is to receive 5 million signatures calling for a moratorium on executions collected worldwide by the Community of Sant'Egidio and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => The call for a moratorium on executions will be presented to the President of the General Assembly of the United Nations, Mr. Srgian Kerim, on Friday, Nov. 2, at 10.30 am. A delegation of the Community of Sant'Egidio and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty will deliver more than five million signatures collected worldwide on a petition to the General Assembly calling for a global moratorium on executions.The delegation led by Mario Marazziti, Spokesperson for the Community of Sant'Egidio, will include, among others, Sister Helen Prejean, leading American advocate of the abolition of the death penalty and the woman behind the movie Dead Man Walking, Yvonne Terlingen, Head of Amnesty International's UN Office in New York, Renny Cushing, Marie Verzulli and Bill Babbitt from Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights, an international organization of victims' family members and family members of the executed, Speedy Rice, lawyer, representative of the National Association of Criminal Defence Lawyers, Elizabeth Zitrin, member of the executive board of Death Penalty Focus.The delegation will meet the President of the General Assembly. The General Assembly will consider a draft resolution calling for a global moratorium on executions. Angola, Albania, Brazil, Croatia, Gabon, Mexico, the Philippines, Portugal (for the EU) and New Zealand are presenting the text as a cross-regional initiative.A press conference will be held at 11 am at UNCA CLUB, UN, Room 326,at the Third Floor of UN Headquarters.In videos released on the eve of the presentation of the Resolution to the Community of Sant'Egidio, Rev. Rowan Williams, Primate of the Church of England (London), Adolfo Perez Esquivel, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (Buenos Aires), Cardinal Renato Raffaele Martino, President of the Pontifical Council Justice and Peace (Vatican City) and Siti Musdah Muliva, Moslem theologian at the University of Jakarta, will give statements on the death penalty and the campaign for a Moratorium.Appointments:UN HEADQUARTERSUN, 10.30, President's officeUN, 11 AM, UNCA CLUB , Room 326, Third FloorContacts:Mario MarazzitiTelephone: +39 335 726 3641Mobile +39 346 850 1247email/blackberry: m.marazziti@gmail.comYvonne TerlingenTelephone +1212 867 8878 ext 2Mobile + 1917 406 1185Fax +1212 370 0183 [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Albania [1] => Angola [2] => Brazil [3] => Croatia [4] => Gabon [5] => Mexico [6] => New Zealand [7] => Philippines [8] => Portugal ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2986] => Array ( [objectID] => 4968 [title] => Speaking out in favour of a global moratorium on executions [timestamp] => 1193270400 [date] => 25/10/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/speaking-out-in-favour-of-a-global-moratorium-on-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Together with filmmaker Tim Robbins, abolitionists launched an appeal from New York to support the proposed UN resolution imposing a freeze on executions. Five million people signed the petition supporting this initiative. Watch the video. [texte] => Read the press release announcing the handover of 5 million signatures in favour of the moratoriumDownload full-length videos of all the speechesSign the petition [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2987] => Array ( [objectID] => 4969 [title] => World Day: inventiveness against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1193097600 [date] => 23/10/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-day-inventiveness-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => France, Peru, Togo, India… Abolitionist activists sounded a rallying call for the 5th World Day Against the Death Penalty across numerous countries via a variety of initiatives. [texte] => These initiatives, organised by both international organisations (particularly local Amnesty International and ACAT offices) and smaller groups or individuals, raised awareness and informed the public about the reality of the death penalty across the world.This year, the organisers again showed great originality in attracting the attention of the public and the media.For example, Amnesty Peru’s initiative was broadcast live on a national television channel. The exhibition of the different methods of execution was a response to a draft Peruvian law which aims to broaden the scope of use of the death penalty. It was a real success, attracting both the general public and journalists.The organisation hammered home the following message: “Instead of putting more emphasis on the use of the death penalty, why not remove it completely from the Penal Code. The most important thing is to remember that killing is killing.”Action in Denmark was also commented upon by a dozen local media outlets. The ‘Imagine this was your last meal’ display was set up in 38 different towns with the participation of a number of restaurants.Similarly, mobilisation was widely covered by the media in Asia, particularly in South Korea and Taiwan, where many press reports dealt with the event.Africa also witnessed strong mobilisation. No fewer than 11 countries responded to the call for initiatives from the World Coalition.Across the world, press conferences, film and debate evenings, exhibitions, vigils, brochure distribution and so on denounced and condemned use of the death penalty.The 2007 World Day focused on a draft UN resolution for a universal moratorium on the death penalty. To encourage the vote of the resolution, the World Coalition circulated an international petition calling for a moratorium on executions.These initiatives ensured that the document was widely circulated in many languages: the Taiwanese and Mongol organisers, for example, decided to translate it into Chinese and Mongol.The World Coalition will hand the petition over to the United Nations in early November to support voting in favour of the universal moratorium resolution at the UN General Assembly.The petition signing campaign hasn’t finished yet so there’s still time to sign on the web site!The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty would like to thank all the participants again for their involvement in the 5th World Day Against the Death Penalty. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Denmark [1] => Mongolia [2] => Peru [3] => Republic of Korea [4] => Taiwan ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2988] => Array ( [objectID] => 4970 [title] => Iran: Human rights and anti-death penalty activist Emmadeddin Baghi arrested [timestamp] => 1192492800 [date] => 16/10/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/iran-human-rights-and-anti-death-penalty-activist-emmadeddin-baghi-arrested/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP) is greatly concerned with the arrest and imprisonment, on 14 October, of Iranian abolitionist Emmadeddin Baghi. [texte] => Over the past years, Mr Baghi has undergone repeated acts of repression linked with his human rights activities. On July 31, 2007, the Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced him to a three-year prison sentence because of articles calling for the defence of persons who were sentenced to death in the Khuzestan province. He has appealed this sentence. Over the last months, he has publicly protested against the wave of hangings, many in public, that have swept Iran recently.At least 210 executions have been carried out in Iran in 2007, making the country the second, after China, in the number of executions carried out annually.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty strongly opposes the increase of executions in Iran and condemns the growing repression of anti-death penalty activists.It calls for an immediate and unconditional release of Mr Baghi and urges the Iranian authorities to guarantee the right to freedom of expression and respect for human rights in compliance with international human rights standards and with the international and regional instruments ratified by the Islamic Republic of Iran. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2989] => Array ( [objectID] => 4971 [title] => World Day: the French and Iranians hand-in-hand in Paris [timestamp] => 1192147200 [date] => 12/10/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-day-the-french-and-iranians-hand-in-hand-in-paris/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Abolitionists from the two countries set up a gallows in the heart of the French capital similar to that used in Tehran only a few weeks ago. [texte] => Place de la Bastille, Paris on 10th October, was the scene of a mock execution reproducing the barbarian method used in Iran, during which convicted prisoners are publicly hanged from cranes.A dummy clothed in the black cape sometimes used in these executions attracted the attention of passers-by all afternoon.The aim of the event was to draw their attention to the arguments of the campaigners assembled following the call from ACAT-France, Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM), Reporters Without Borders (RSF), the International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) and the French and Iranian Human Rights Leagues.The event was one of the initiatives launched all over the globe for the World Day Against the Death Penalty.“I experienced this scene”, said Hassan Habib (photo), member of the Association for the Defence of Victims of Extremism, whose wife was executed. “When the convicted prisoner starts to kick his feet having been lifted up two or three metres, and then his body is stretched out for the last time, it kills all will. Anyone who witnesses such a scene has no more strength to protest”, he explained.He found the strength to oppose the death penalty by moving beyond the desire for revenge: he does not want the same end to come to those who executed his wife.Beyond religious bordersThis humanist sentiment extends beyond religious borders, as was proved by the presence of Christian campaigners from ACAT along that of numerous Iranian Muslims.“Our abolitionist stance is marked by Christian references: in the Bible, when Cain kills his brother Abel, God does not avenge it. But we do not impose our viewpoint on anyone”, said Bernadette Fohran, who works on the death penalty for ACAT (photo).She noted that whatever the religious persuasion of people who practise or are subjected to the death penalty, it is above all an instrument of domination of minorities for the powerful.More than 210 people have been executed in Iran since the beginning of the year, placing the country in second position to China of those who carry out the highest number of executions.On 14th October, the Iranian authorities arrested and imprisoned Emaddedin Baghi, abolitionist campaigner and founder of the Right to Life Association, which is a member of the World Coalition against the Death Penalty.If you have any information, photos, recordings or videos describing an event organised for the World Day Against the Death Penalty, please contact us for possible publication on this site. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France [1] => France [2] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2990] => Array ( [objectID] => 25186 [title] => Poster World Day 2007 [timestamp] => 1191974400 [date] => 10/10/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Take actionagainst the death penalty:Join the hundredsof initiatives worldwideSign the petitioncalling for a universalmoratorium on executions [texte] => Take actionagainst the death penalty:Join the hundredsof initiatives worldwideSign the petitioncalling for a universalmoratorium on executionsSTOP THE DEATH PENALTY: THE WORLD DECIDESWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY10 October 2007World Day Againstthe Death Penaltywww.worldcoalition.orgLou Bory, ENSAD [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Affiche-JM2007-FR.pdf ) [2991] => Array ( [objectID] => 25572 [title] => Leaflet Lobbying [timestamp] => 1191974400 [date] => 10/10/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-lobbying/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Leaflet Lobbying [texte] => This October the UN General Assembly will voteon a resolution on a global moratorium on exe-cutions.This is a unique historical opportunity to take a bigstep towards achieving a death penalty-free worldand enhancing the enjoyment of the right to life.Please help to get the resolution adopted in theUN with a massive majorityLobbying ACTION POINTSget your government to back this UN resolution[ 1 ] Ask your government to commit now to votein favour of the resolution and to ‘co-sponsor’ itat the UN General Assembly.[ 2 ] Ask your government to take the lead in sup-porting the resolution, including by encouragingother governments to “co-sponsor” and vote infavour.[ 3 ] Some government leaders that retain thedeath penalty have signalled that they are readyto stop executions or move towards abolition;others may be persuaded with an effective cam-paign. Join the lobbying of these governmentsto build the momentum for reform.[ 4 ] There is a real momentum to end capitalpunishment in all countries: 130 countries haveabolished the death penalty in law or practice. Only25 countries actually carried out executions in2006, and 91% of all known executions took placein a small number of countries: China, Iran, Iraq,Pakistan, Sudan and USA. Europe is almost adeath penalty free-zone. In Africa only six statescarried out executions in 2006. In the Americasonly the USA has carried out executions since2003. There is an overall decline in the numberof executions worldwide: in 2006 AmnestyInternational recorded 1,591 executions compa-red to 2,148 in 2005. The trend towards abolitionis clear. Outside China, an execution is becomingan increasingly rare event.[ 5 ] Help to lobby all governments to support thisinitiative. As long as the death penalty is main-tained, the risk of executing an innocent personcan never be eliminated. In the USA alone, since1971, 124 people facing execution have beenreleased after evidence of their innocence cameto light. There is no perfect justice system anyw-here in the world but capital punishment is irre-versible – there is no way back. Execution doesnot deter crime; it only distracts people’s atten-tion away from the need for an effective criminaljustice system.[ 6 ] Join the World Day against the Death Penaltyon 10th October. The World Day will focus on theglobal moratorium on executions. Abolitionist fromall countries will organize conferences and otherevents to raise awareness about the death penalty.Find all initiatives of the World Day on www.world-coalition.org.STOP THE DEATH PENALTY: THE WORLD DECIDESSUPPORT A UNITED NATIONS GLOBALMORATORIUM ON EXECUTIONS[[ ]]CONTACT US TO HELP ORGANISE & TAKE ACTION:Lobby your government as above. Join your local or national coalition againstthe Death Penalty. Sign up to the global petition on moratorium on execu-tions at www.worldcoalition.org; and promote it. Join the events organizedfor the World Day Against Death Penalty on 10th October.www.worldcoalition.orgThis October the UN General Assembly will voteon a resolution on a global moratorium on exe-cutions.This is a unique historical opportunity to take a bigstep towards achieving a death penalty-free worldand enhancing the enjoyment of the right to life.Please help to get the resolution adopted in theUN with a massive majorityLobbying ACTION POINTSget your government to back this UN resolution[ 1 ] Ask your government to commit now to votein favour of the resolution and to ‘co-sponsor’ itat the UN General Assembly.[ 2 ] Ask your government to take the lead in sup-porting the resolution, including by encouragingother governments to “co-sponsor” and vote infavour.[ 3 ] Some government leaders that retain thedeath penalty have signalled that they are readyto stop executions or move towards abolition;others may be persuaded with an effective cam-paign. Join the lobbying of these governmentsto build the momentum for reform.[ 4 ] There is a real momentum to end capitalpunishment in all countries: 130 countries haveabolished the death penalty in law or practice. Only25 countries actually carried out executions in2006, and 91% of all known executions took placein a small number of countries: China, Iran, Iraq,Pakistan, Sudan and USA. Europe is almost adeath penalty free-zone. In Africa only six statescarried out executions in 2006. In the Americasonly the USA has carried out executions since2003. There is an overall decline in the numberof executions worldwide: in 2006 AmnestyInternational recorded 1,591 executions compa-red to 2,148 in 2005. The trend towards abolitionis clear. Outside China, an execution is becomingan increasingly rare event.[ 5 ] Help to lobby all governments to support thisinitiative. As long as the death penalty is main-tained, the risk of executing an innocent personcan never be eliminated. In the USA alone, since1971, 124 people facing execution have beenreleased after evidence of their innocence cameto light. There is no perfect justice system anyw-here in the world but capital punishment is irre-versible – there is no way back. Execution doesnot deter crime; it only distracts people’s atten-tion away from the need for an effective criminaljustice system.[ 6 ] Join the World Day against the Death Penaltyon 10th October. The World Day will focus on theglobal moratorium on executions. Abolitionist fromall countries will organize conferences and otherevents to raise awareness about the death penalty.Find all initiatives of the World Day on www.world-coalition.org.STOP THE DEATH PENALTY: THE WORLD DECIDESSUPPORT A UNITED NATIONS GLOBALMORATORIUM ON EXECUTIONS[[ ]]CONTACT US TO HELP ORGANISE & TAKE ACTION:Lobby your government as above. Join your local or national coalition againstthe Death Penalty. Sign up to the global petition on moratorium on execu-tions at www.worldcoalition.org; and promote it. Join the events organizedfor the World Day Against Death Penalty on 10th October.www.worldcoalition.org [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => file:///C:/Users/Ordi/Downloads/Brochure%20Lobbying-JM2007-EN.pdf ) [2992] => Array ( [objectID] => 4972 [title] => The history of Chinese law is an argument for abolition [timestamp] => 1190851200 [date] => 27/09/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-history-of-chinese-law-is-an-argument-for-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the run-up to the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008, action is increasing to call China to account for its copious use of the death penalty. Far from being a western whim, abolition of capital punishment in China would be a return to an imperial decision made in the 18th century. [texte] => In the run-up to the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008, action is increasing to call China to account for its copious use of the death penalty. Far from being a western whim, abolition of capital punishment in China would be a return to an imperial decision made in the 18th century.Was China the first country in history to abolish the death penalty? This was one of the revelations made at a recent conference on the place of this punishment in Chinese culture and history, organised in June at the Collège de France in Paris.Jérôme Bourgon, a researcher at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique français [French National Scientific Research Centre], presented the results of his research on the death penalty in the imperial penal codes. By referring to Chinese legal sources, the researcher has observed that the death penalty was originally only used for proven killers. “As soon as a homicide occurred, the State was beholden to the victim to find the guilty person and punish him/her”, he explains. Death sentences were therefore at the top of a pyramid of punishments ranging from beating to beheading. ‘Death sentences’ plural because a distinction was made between methods of execution which did not damage the body as a whole, such as strangulation, and those which involved mutilation and were judged much more harshly for religious reasons.The sight of his wounded body removed all hope for a sentenced prisoner that one day he would become an ancestor venerated by later generations. Strangulation, although more painful, was therefore seen to be less serious, and the duration of the punishment could be reduced by bribing by the executioner.“Pain was not valued in the Chinese penal system”, explains Zhang Ning, a researcher at the University of Geneva. However, the religious dimension of the death penalty made the prospect of legal mistakes even more terrifying: the ghosts of those executed erroneously could return to haunt the visible world…A decree on abolition under the TangsJérôme Bourgon considers that, throughout the empire, the authorities strove to limit the use of capital punishment and in 747 they took the next step. “Under the Tangs, a decree on abolition of death sentences is found, due to the fact that this was a time of peace”, explains the researcher. However, the exact duration or real impact of the abolitionist period in Chinese is unknown due to a lack of documentation.Although the Mings added corruption to the list of crimes punishable by death at a much later stage, a system of attenuating circumstances ensured that most death-sentenced prisoners without blood on their hands escaped execution.Documents from the end of the empire show far fewer executions that today. Jérôme Bourgon has detected 2,553 killings in 1753 and 1,139 in 1894. These figures are probably an under-estimate as they only refer to the cases effectively presented before the autumn assizes, which met once a year, but they still lag far behind the current estimates of approximately 8,000 executions a year.In just over a century then, the estimated number of executions has become more than seven times greater while the population itself has ‘only’ quadrupled.Relative foundations, universal abolitionOne thing is clear – representations of life and death and their consequences on the way in which capital punishment is understood are fundamentally different in China and the West. Does that mean that abolition in China should be abandoned in the name of respect for local culture?For Mireille Delmas-Marty, a researcher in law at the Collège de France, “the emphasis should be shifted from the universal/relative binary consideration”. It is clear from earlier examples that, even if the motivations are different, there is reticence in China as elsewhere as to the suffering of prisoners sentenced to death, the possibility of legal mistakes and unease about a State killing those it represents.For this lawyer, the relativism of foundations does not exclude the universalism of abolition. She considers that a community of international values can emerge in pluralism, either by developing a dialogue between judges, or by putting in place a sort of international human rights court so as to “create similarity in otherness – i.e. translation”.Mireille Delmas-Marty sees this as a way of profoundly coming together, as recommended by the philosopher Paul Ricoeur: “If I go deeper into my tradition, I move closer to another if he does the same”.With Audrey Provost, Ligue des droits de l'HommePictures: Coll. J. Bourgon/Turandot [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Afghanistan [1] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2993] => Array ( [objectID] => 4973 [title] => World Day: everybody stands up against the death penalty! [timestamp] => 1190851200 [date] => 27/09/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-day-everybody-stands-up-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 5th World Day Against the Death Penalty takes place on Wednesday, 10 October 2007. Organised by the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, it is marked by thousands of citizens and hundreds of organisations across the world who together, through hundreds of local initiatives, say ‘NO’ to capital punishment. [texte] => Here are just a few of the activities planned: in Peru, local human rights organisations react to a bill introduced in Parliament in 2006 to re-introduce the death penalty with a satirical exhibition presenting various methods of execution: electrocution, hanging, decapitation, stoning and shooting; in Texas, a university is organising a meeting to discuss the death penalty, bringing students, lecturers and lawyers to the campus; in Togo, the African Forum Against the Death Penalty is showing a film, followed by a general discussion on the death penalty; in Germany, a local organisation is re-enacting the UN General Assembly in a park, displaying 192 Chairs representing the 192 member states with information on each state’s position regarding the death penalty; in Paris, human rights organisations come together to condemn the large number of executions carried out in Iran and present a life-size reproduction of the method of execution used in Iran; in India, public figures have signed an open letter, to be circulated in various periodicals; In the DRC, action is carried out throughout the week with an awareness-raising campaign, the collection of signatures in favour of the moratorium, radio and television programmes, a letter to the Government, etc.To launch the World Day, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has organised five press conferences across the world. An initial press conference took place inRabat, Morocco, on 2 October 2007, bringing together activists working at international, regional and national levels. Together with representatives from the World Coalition and the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty, speakers included Ms Antoinette Chahine, who was sentenced to death in Lebanon in 1997 and pardonned in 1999, and Mr Ali Al-Dailami, a representative from Yemen of the Arab Coalition Against the Death Penalty established recently in Amman, Jordan. Mr Al-Dailami has been repeatedly harassed and threatened since his involvement in action against the death penalty and his testimony recalled the difficulties facing Arab abolitionists but also the hopes raised by the alliance of players at regional level. A second press conference took place in Porto Rico on 4 October. Although it abolished the death penalty in 1929, the country, which is administratively associated with the United States, is under growing pressure from the US to re-introduce the death penalty. The press conference was an opportunity to support and strengthen Porto-Rican position and call for the creation of a Caribbean Coalition Against the Death Penalty. It included speakers from the Porto-Rican Coalition and the President of the US based National Association of Criminal Defence Lawyers (NACDL).On 5 October a press conference was held in Kinshasa, DRC. Under the auspices of the Minister of Justice, this press conference brought together abolitionists from the region and gave the floor to Mr Zarrouati, President of the French ACAT (Action of Christians for the Abolition of Torture).On the occasion of an international conference entitled “Europeagainst the death penalty” organised in Lisbon on 9 October by the European Union and the Council of Europe, the World Coalition organised an additional press conference with EU officials and delegates from Amnesty International and the Community of Sant’Egidio.On 10 October, the World Day Against the Death Penlaty, the World Coalition meets in New York at the United Nations headquarters. The New York press conference will give the floor to famous figures, among them actor and anti-death penalty activist Mike Farrell, actor and director Tim Robbins who is deeply involved in action against the death penalty, and Sister Helen Prejean, author of the best-seller “Dead man walking” and adapted for film by Tim Robbins.In each of these press conferences, an appeal is launched to the governments of the world to support the moratorium on executions.On the occasion of a final event taking place at the end of October, the World Coalition will present a petition calling for a worldwide moratorium to the UN Secretary General and the Presidency of the UN General Assembly. This petition already has the support of five million people worldwide.>> All information regarding the 2007 World Day The press room containing the press files of each press conference. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [1] => Germany [2] => Morocco [3] => Peru [4] => Portugal [5] => Puerto Rico [6] => United States [7] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2994] => Array ( [objectID] => 4974 [title] => Youths must stand up against the death penalty! [timestamp] => 1189987200 [date] => 17/09/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/youths-must-stand-up-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Federation of Liberal Students (FEL), a Belgian political organisation, has just joined the World Coalition. FEL president Arnaud Van Praet explains his organisation's mobilisation against capital punishment. [texte] => Can you help us understand where your organisation stands politically?As liberals, we defend individual and collective freedom and try to associate the two. Our members can be left- or right-leaning. We are not tied to a particular party, but we feel close to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group in the European Parliament, for example. Where does your organisation's abolitionist commitment come from?A couple of years ago, we co-organised a conference with [former French justice minister] Robert Badinter in Brussels university.Part of his talk was about his book, L'abolition. He made us aware of the issue of the death penalty.Our organisation has always worked in favour of human rights and democratic development, especially by supporting youth organisations in other countries.What happened at the International Federation of Liberal Youth convention? The convention was taking place in Dallas, Texas. It is easy to talk about the death penalty as a young European, because the countries that still use it are far away. But this time, we were close to a death row prison.We put forward a motion on the abolition of the death penalty, and other organisations were welcome to amend it.The text adopted by the International federation "recalls vigorously its long-lasting, active and unconditional opposition to death penalty, whatever the reason of the prisoner’s condemnation and the context in which the crime has been committed".All 53 national delegations taking part in the convention voted in favour of the motion, except for the Swiss one, which abstained.What have you been doing since then?At the moment, students are going back to college and we are writing to the organisations from countries where the death penalty is still in existence so see what they have been doing... or not.We think the easiest way is to start by helping organisations located in countries where the death penalty is not used in practice, who can lobby for constitutional amendments that would abolish capital punishment.We are also planning actions to raise awareness about the situation in China in the period leading up to the Olympic Games. We will take advantage of upcoming meetings between Chinese and European representatives in Brussels.We are also going to discuss the issue of an Olympic boycott. We haven't decided on that: this is a symbolic act that could embarass the Chinese government, but we don't want to target the Chinese population.What are you planning for World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10?We've contacted the Belgian delegation at the UN, which is currently sitting on the Security Council, about the moratorium resolution. We have been working on countries that have not yet supported the resolution (mostly for economic reasons, I'm told). We have good contacts with youth organisations that have links with governments in several African countries, such as Senegal.We are also going to ask the Belgian Parliament to pass a motion focussing on the importance of universal abolition.And there will be posters, conferences and debates on campuses, where students will be able to voice their opinion. The issue of an Olympic boycott will be part of the discussion.Do you think young people can play a specific role in the anti-death penalty movement?When you are a young person with a political committment, you are more radical and less influenced by diplomatic and economic considerations than professional politicians are. It is up to the youth to stand up and protest when countries keep using the death penalty.Today's youth is a bit selfish, young people tend to focus on issues that affect them directly. This is where we come in: our role is to kick-start reactions. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2995] => Array ( [objectID] => 4975 [title] => The difficult struggle facing Iran’s abolitionists [timestamp] => 1188777600 [date] => 03/09/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-difficult-struggle-facing-irans-abolitionists/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Iran has taken a dreadful step in the wrong direction in the summer of 2007, through a combination of an increase in executions and the repression of activists opposed to the death penalty. [texte] => Twenty-one people were hanged in Iran on September 5. This is in addition to the 32 executions that took place there in July and August, according to member organisations of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. At least 189 people have been executed since the start of the year. Abolitionists the world over have risen up against this acceleration of killings in the country and their increasingly macabre staging.The French organisation Together Against the Death Penalty denounced a “bloody summer in Iran”, recalling that the capital, Tehran, witnessed its first public hanging for five years on August 2 , 2007.Another significant regression was the stoning of a man for adultery on July 5, again the first for five years. The International Federation of Human Rights Leagues recalled on that occasion that “stoning is an inhuman and degrading punishment violating Article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, ratified by the Islamic Republic”.Along with this wave of executions, the Iranian authorities have also taken care to gag one of the few voices that dares opposing the death penalty in the country. The journalist and writer, Emadeddin Baghi, whose Association for the Right to Life has just joined the World Coalition, has been sentenced to 3 years in prison.“All this is because of my articles and interviews”, explains Emadeddin Baghi, who has appealed his sentence. All his books are banned and he has already spent three years behind bars.His sentencing triggered a protest from the French government, which awarded him the French Republic Human Rights Prize in 2005.Struggling against the secretIn these conditions, how can the death penalty be eradicated in Iran?Hossein Mahoutiha, a member of the Iranian Human Rights Activist Groups in the EU and Canada, is participating in the struggle from Quebec. For him, returning freely to Iran is out of the question.“Most of our action is reaction”, he explains. “We defend individual cases, we try to prevent individual executions”.This work is made difficult by the lack of transparency surrounding death sentences: “We only find out about most executions after the event”, says Hossein Mahoutiha.Secrecy shrouds the entire procedure as even lawyers cannot speak freely with their clients.When the Iranian abolitionists learn that prisoners risk capital punishment, they appeal to the international community to act. “When the European Union and others turn up the pressure, things change”, confirms Hossein Mahoutiha. “But in Iran people are divided and there isn’t a big popular movement”.For example, the repeated criticisms of the international community on the execution of juveniles are starting to have an effect. The Iranian justice system often waits for sentenced juveniles to turn 18 to execute them. “That’s just evasion, the system adapting itself to circumstance”, rues Hossein Mahoutiha.“The movement is gaining ground”The Tehran regime, which has presented the wave of executions this summer as a way of “weeding out” unwelcome elements, has managed to maintain a certain amount of popular support for the death penalty in Iran. “If you defend a child rapist, you’re supporting child rapists”, sums up Hossein Mahoutiha.His organisation has therefore decided not to publish accusations in its reports on the death penalty in Iran, concentrating instead on opposition in principle to capital punishment.This exiled activist knows that the struggle will be long: “A lack of political will, censorship and the absence of a mass movement mean that our action remains limited”, he recognises.And yet, there has been progress. “Groups like ours didn’t exist six years ago and the movement is gaining ground. Even I didn’t react in the same way a few years’ ago”, says Hossein Mahoutiha. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Juveniles [1] => Legal Representation [2] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2996] => Array ( [objectID] => 4976 [title] => Behind the scenes with those who support Foster [timestamp] => 1188518400 [date] => 31/08/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/behind-the-scenes-with-those-who-support-foster/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Kenneth Foster, who was sentenced to death in Texas for having driven a murderer in his car, saw his sentence commuted on August 30 – thanks to unprecedented mobilisation. [texte] => Kenneth Foster's execution was scheduled for August 30, at 6 pm. But only a few hours before, Texas Governor Rick Perry made an unusual announcement: the death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. For once, the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles recommended that a life be spared, and the Governor followed its advice.The decision happened after unprecedented mobilisation in favour of Kenneth Foster. During the 48 hours preceding the scheduled execution, Texas's abolitionist organisations held nearly continuous demonstrations from Livingston prison to Huntsville execution centre and the Governor's Mansion in Austin.Activists there said that the prison administration decided to move Kenneth Foster from Linvongston to Huntsville 24 hours earlier than expected because of the scale of protests, including inside the prison.Abroad, Rome city council said they would illuminate the Colosseum in support of the condemned man, while French abolitionists gathered near the US embassy."The Internet helped us an awful lot"In Paris, Fatou is one of the four women in their twenties who led the campaign within an organisation called Lutte pour la justice. “As soon as we heard about the decision last May, we stood up and began to work”, she said.The four campaigners, who write to Kenneth Foster regularly, shared out the workload: contacts with journalists, politicians... They sent numerous letters, faxes and e-mails – without much success for a long time. Only one journalist from Le Monde newspaper visited Kenneth Foster earlier in August.“The Internet helped us an awful lot”, she said. “I came across sites that mentioned Kenneth, and I got in touch with the writer Claude Ribes through one of them.” He then published an open letter to French president Nicolas Sarkozy about the case.“However, most people only woke up in the past few days”, regretted Fatou. Jack Lang, a well-know left-wing politician, published an opinion piece in the French papers last Wednesday. Junior minister for human rights Rama Yade's chief of staff met activists on the day of the scheduled execution, but disappointed them when she refused to support Kenneth Foster publicly.Since then, Fatou has left the frustrations of the campaign aside and concentrated on what is really important: she wrote to Kenneth Foster and expects news from him “very soon”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2997] => Array ( [objectID] => 4977 [title] => Outrage at Texas’s 400th execution [timestamp] => 1188172800 [date] => 27/08/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/outrage-at-texass-400th-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The execution of Johnny Ray Conner, the 400th inmate put to death in Texas since the US reinstated capital punishment 31 years ago, has attracted heavy criticism from abolitionist activists and political institutions. [texte] => The execution of Johnny Ray Conner, the 400th inmate put to death in Texas since the US reinstated capital punishment 31 years ago, has attracted heavy criticism from abolitionist activists and political institutions.The Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (TCADP) organised a vigil in front the Capitol, the seat of democratic power in the state, while the inmate was executed in Huntsville prison on August 22. Around 50 people attended the vigil, which the organisation considers a good showing in a state where opinion polls return over 70% of answers in support of the death penalty.During the vigil, a bell rang at 6 pm and a candle was lit. The bell rang again and the candle was extinguished 20 minutes later, after Johnny Ray Conner's death. “Within seconds, the sky opened up and poured – it was difficult not to connect the two, said TCADP Program Coordinator Vicki McCuistion.The National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, which represents abolitionist organisations across the US, highlighted the inexplicably huge number of executions carried out in the country, and in Texas in particular. It said in a statement: “We are out of step with our allies and the countries with which we share history and culture. In fact, it is mostly the southern United States, and Texas in particular, that is out of step. The top 11 states in number of executions are all southern and border states. Well over one-third of those executions have been carried out by Texas.”EU calls on Rick Perry to stop executionsOutside the US, the European Union also published a statement immediately before the execution. It called on Texas governor Rick Perry to “halt all upcoming executions and to consider the introduction of a moratorium in the State of Texas”. “The European Union therefore takes this opportunity to renew its call for a moratorium to be placed on the application of the death penalty, by both the US federal and state authorities, in anticipation of its legal abolition”, the statement added.But Rick Perry's answer left little room for dialogue: “230 years ago, our forefathers fought a war to throw off the yoke of a European monarch and gain the freedom of self-determination. Texans long ago decided that the death penalty is a just and appropriate punishment for the most horrible crimes committed against our citizens. While we respect our friends in Europe, welcome their investment in our state and appreciate their interest in our laws, Texans are doing just fine governing Texas.” [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2998] => Array ( [objectID] => 4978 [title] => World Day campaign launched! [timestamp] => 1186963200 [date] => 13/08/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-day-campaign-launched/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The countdown to the fifth World Day Against the Death Penalty on October 10 has begun. It will focus on the proposed resolution against capital punishment to be discussed in the UN this autumn. [texte] => The countdown has begun: on October 10, abolitionists worldwide will answer the World Coalition's call and take action to accelerate the decline of the death penalty. This year, the World Day Against the Death Penalty will coincide with the UN General Assembly's schedule. Following a proposal by the European Union, delegates from the United Nations' 192 member states will vote on a text declaring an global moratorium on the death penalty.This would constitute a first step towards the definitive outlawing of capital punishment.“A pronouncement in the UNGA – a universal body representing the entire UN membership – that the death penalty is a violation of the right to life would be an important international milestone in the campaign to abolish the death penalty worldwide”, said Martin MacPherson, director of Amnesty International's international law and organizations programme.The World Coalition is launching an international effort to support the proposed resolution and get as many countries as possible to vote for it.The World Coalition is calling upon all its members to get in touch with national governments to discuss their position.It offers activists a variety of explanatory and militant documents to help them persuade their contacts. They are available for download from this website.A petition will remind hesitating governments of world opinion's growing opposition to the death penalty. The signatures gathered through this petition will be added to those of the five million people who have already signed the “Moratorium 2000” appeal launched by World Coalition members Amnesty International and the Community of Sant'Egidio.World abolitionists will focus on that crucial international event while making the World Day Against the Death Penalty a grass-roots event, with educational and militant actions being prepared worldwide.Just keep an eye on the World Day section on this site if you want to know what is planned in your country, or if you are organising an event and wish to add it to the upcoming global programme. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [2999] => Array ( [objectID] => 4979 [title] => Arab abolitionists organise to act together [timestamp] => 1186531200 [date] => 08/08/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/arab-abolitionists-organise-to-act-together/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Abolitionists in the Arab World have been generating increased mobilisation and improved co-ordination, with the assistance of Penal Reform International, a member of the World Coalition. [texte] => Abolitionists in the Arab World have been generating increased mobilisation and improved co-ordination, with the assistance of Penal Reform International, a member of the World Coalition.Delegates from eight Arab countries met in Amman, Jordan in July to form a regional coalition and develop a common strategy to advance the abolition of the death penalty.The conference, organised by Penal Reform International (PRI) and the Amman Centre for Human Rights Studies (ACHRS), gathered judges, journalists, NGOs as well as Muslim and Christian clerics from Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, the Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia and Yemen.They shared information about the death penalty situation in their respective countries and pooled suggestions for action.The conference’s final declaration marked the foundation of a regional coalition against the death penalty composed of Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine and Yemen.Its objectives include:• to work towards enlarging the membership of the regional coalition by inviting other Arab countries to join and challenge the use of the death penalty in the region;• to establish an Arab observatory for the death penalty under the supervision of PRI (Amman Office) and ACHRS;• to facilitate an exchange of expertise and good practices among national coalitions;• to promote research and studies on alternatives to the death penalty.Mona Chamass, who is currently conducting research on Arab abolitionists for the World Coalition, attended the conference. “Debates were wide open, everyone was free to express their ideas and the cultural differences between countries were taken into account”, she said.Two strategies for two types of situationThe regional coalition’s first task is to strengthen the national coalitions. They can put pressure on national governments to review their legislation in two directions: abolishing the death penalty as soon as possible, and reducing its use to the minimum when conditions for abolition are not yet met.A number of papers presented at the regional and national conferences will be edited and published by PRI in the autumn.During the conference, national coalitions adopted a multi-dimensional strategy. Their campaign will target countries that have observed a moratorium for a number of years and have shown some political willingness to move towards abolition.In countries less ready for abolition, abolitionists will lobby for reforms that minimise death penalty use. Sharia’a law has been invoked as an efficient tool for reducing cases of punishment by death penalty to four cases.The conference revealed that the abolitionist movement, often seen as embryonic in the Middle East and North Africa, is in fact growing rapidly. While some countries, like Morocco, have a pre-existing network of abolitionist organisations, others were only recently created as part of PRI’s EU-funded death penalty project in the region.In Egypt and Yemen, national conferences against the death penalty took place last June.In Tunisia, too, abolitionists founded a national coalition under the auspices of the national branch of Amnesty International recently.Events planned by both the World Coalition and the new Arab coalition for World Day against the Death Penalty on October 10 will provide an opportunity for the region’s vibrant abolitionist community to work together and strengthen emerging connections. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Algeria [1] => Egypt [2] => Jordan [3] => Lebanon [4] => Morocco [5] => State of Palestine [6] => Tunisia [7] => Yemen ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3000] => Array ( [objectID] => 4980 [title] => Flurry of initiatives against the death penalty at ACATs in the past year [timestamp] => 1186444800 [date] => 07/08/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/flurry-of-initiatives-against-the-death-penalty-at-acats-in-the-past-year/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => During the past year, the 28 member associations in the FIACAT network have given their abolitionist activities a boost. The issue of the death penalty is at the heart of their mission. [texte] => October 10 - World Day against the Death Penalty - is a special day of action by the ACATs in their campaign for the abolition of capital punishment throughout the world.On that day in 2006, as in previous years, the ACATs organised an array of activities to raise awareness of the death penalty issue.Here are some of those events, often organised in partnership with other local or international associations: in Bukavu, DRC, a conference on the death penalty was organised in conjunction with a student association; in Canada, and primarily in Quebec province, the ACAT launched a petition with 6 other local organisations addressed to President Bush, calling for a moratorium on executions. The petition gathered over 3000 signatures; in Luxembourg, in cooperation with AI, a film on the death penalty was screened and a petition circulated on behalf of a young woman condemned to death in Saudi Arabia; ACAT Switzerland organised a campaign on “miscarriages of justice” linked directly to the death penalty.Some ACATs, including ACAT Belgium (French-speaking) and ACAT Luxembourg, have set up rapid reaction groups to respond to imminent executions. In the past year, they have stepped in more than 30 times on behalf of those sentenced to death. Some won a reprieve, including Paul Reid in Tennessee, and Shahin Rahman and Asma Bikham in the United Arab Emirates.ACAT United Kingdom established an independent organisation, “ACAT Abolition of the Death Penalty”, to organise campaignsagainst the death penalty.ACAT France was closely involved in organising and staging the World Congress against the Death Penalty last February.On 30 November ACAT Switzerland, which has played an active part in campaigning against the death penalty in recent months, took part in an initiative entitled “Cities for life, cities against the death penalty”.ACAT Burundi’s commitment to have the death penalty abolished, alongside other national organisations, appears set to bear fruit: under pressure from the United Nations, a bill to abolish the death penalty has recently been put before the Burundian Parliament. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Belgium [1] => Burundi [2] => Canada [3] => Democratic Republic of the Congo [4] => France [5] => Luxembourg [6] => Switzerland [7] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3001] => Array ( [objectID] => 4981 [title] => “Die-in” against the death penalty in the US [timestamp] => 1183507200 [date] => 04/07/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/die-in-against-the-death-penalty-in-the-us/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the seventh consecutive year, 200 people showed their support for American death-row prisoners and their opposition to capital punishment in an event in Paris organised by ACAT France and Amnesty International France. [texte] => For the seventh consecutive year, 200 people showed their support for American death-row prisoners and their opposition to capital punishment in an event in Paris organised by ACAT France and Amnesty International France on 2 July (the anniversary of the US Supreme Court decision in 1976 to resume executions in the United States).Inspired by the traditional sit-ins by pacifists, participants lay down on the place de la Concorde opposite the American Embassy.For this seventh ‘die-in’, the organisers wanted to highlight recent progress in the United States. They recalled that the number of death sentences is continually falling: 283 in 1999, 128 in 2005 and 102 in 2006, and that the number of executions in 2006 (53) was the lowest for ten years. The number of States resorting to the death penalty is also falling: 14 in 2006 against 16 in 2005. Finally, ten States have suspended executions pending the outcome of major research into the questions raised by the use of lethal injections, and over the last year approximately twenty draft laws aimed either at abolishing the death penalty or introducing a moratorium have been introduced.Although there’s still some way to go, particularly in Texas, this sort of development encourages the hope that abolition is no longer a dream and will soon be a reality.This year, the event was fortunate to have the exceptional support of Sister Helen Prejean (author of Dead Man Walking) who was in France to present her latest book, The Death of Innocents.Twenty or so French, American and international organisations supported this event.Photos © Laurent Hini forAmnesty International [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France [1] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3002] => Array ( [objectID] => 4982 [title] => World Coalition General Assembly: all eyes on the UN [timestamp] => 1183075200 [date] => 29/06/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/world-coalition-general-assembly-all-eyes-on-the-un/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The General Assembly of the World Coalition took place in Brussels on June 22nd. Particular focus was placed on the World Day on 10 October and the draft UN resolution for a world moratorium on the death penalty. [texte] => The General Assembly of the World Coalition took place in Brussels on June 22nd. Particular focus was placed on the World Day on 10 October and the draft resolution at the UN General Assembly for a world moratorium on the death penalty.They came from all four corners of the world: Porto Rico, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, Italy and so on. Reunited in the European capital, the representatives of the member organisations of the World Coalition found themselves at the heart of abolitionist events being fuelled by the Old Continent’s institutions.The European Union has just announced its decision to defend a resolution calling for the institution of a universal moratorium on the death penalty at the 62nd session of the United Nations General Assembly this autumn.Aware of the need for international action with respect to this project, the World Coalition decided to make it the main theme of the World Day Against the Death Penalty to be held on 10 October.“Strong political leadership and a well-crafted strategy”Martin MacPherson, Director of the International Law and Organisations Programme at Amnesty International, analysed the conditions needed for the United Nations resolution to succeed. He stressed that the European Union must present its project with other UN Member States so as to make it an international initiative rather than just a European one.“A death penalty free world is increasingly becoming a real possibility but to achieve that goal there must be strong political leadership and a well-crafted strategy to create global support”, he said.Karen Hooper presented the conclusions of the report she is finalising for the World Coalition on another UN instrument which could drive down use of the death penalty across the world: the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. The World Coalition has made increasing ratification of this text, which definitively abolishes capital punishment, one of its objectives.Meeting the families of the Bulgarian medicsIn addition to presenting the World Coalition’s activities and its new website, and electing members of the Steering Committee, the General Assembly was also an opportunity for members to meet the families of the Bulgarian nurses and Palestinian doctor sentenced to death in Libya, who were invited to Brussels by Together Against the Death Penalty (ECPM) and the National Federation of Belgian Nurses.“It is important for us, working as we do in the death penalty domain, to see the faces of the people who are affected first”, commented Piers Bannister, Coordinator of the Amnesty International Death Penalty office.Finally, several member organisations presented a summary of their activities to the General Assembly.• The Porto Rican Coalition Against the Death Penalty called for the formation of a Caribbean coalition;• Franco Ferretti, Vice-Mayor of Reggio Emilia in Italy, told of his visit to death row in Texas last October;• Penal Reform International gave details about its programme to fight against capital punishment;• the Community of Sant’Egidio presented the results of the “Africa for Life” day on 18 June;• Codho described its lobbying activities with Congolese decision-makers;• the Conférence internationale des barreaux (International Organisation of French-speaking Bar Associations) recalled its programme of cooperation with abolitionists in French-speaking Africa;• Lutte pour la Justice, ECPM and Amnesty International also presented their abolitionist activities.[/en] [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3003] => Array ( [objectID] => 4983 [title] => Europe to lead the abolitionist way [timestamp] => 1183075200 [date] => 29/06/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/europe-to-lead-the-abolitionist-way/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/b31cfe41bfe18f8ff35e33d14ffbe089_2-500x307.jpg [extrait] => European institutions have decided to press a resolution against the death penalty at the next General Assembly and to mark an official European Day against the Death Penalty on October 10th. [texte] => European institutions have decided to press a resolution against the death penalty at the next General Assembly and to mark an official European Day against the Death Penalty on October 10th.At its last meeting on June 18th and 19th, the European Union’s Council of Ministers decided to go ahead with an Italian-sponsored proposed resolution on a worldwide moratorium on the death penalty at the United Nation’s next General Assembly.The EU will need to join with partners from other continents to present the resolution as a truly international initiative.The Assembly, which includes delegates from all UN member states, will begin its 2007 session in September. After years of hesitation due to insufficient international support, the EU now feels the resolution can secure a majority of their votes. The EU parliament had already called for a similar move last April.Parliamentary representatives from member states of the Council of Europe, a wider organisation comprising 47 countries, also supported the idea of a worldwide moratorium on June 26th. The Parliamentary assembly of the Council of Europe released a report that describes the moratorium as a way of “saving lives” and “demonstrating to the public in retentionist countries that an end to state-sponsored killings does not lead to any increase in violent crime”. It then adopted a text in support of the UN resolution.European institutions have also decided to follow into the footsteps of the World Coalition by making October 10th – marked since 2003 as World Day against the Death Penalty – the European Day against the Death Penalty.The official launch of the European Day will take place at an EU summit in Lisbon on October 9th, in conjunction with a World Coalition press conference announcing the World Day. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3004] => Array ( [objectID] => 4984 [title] => 5th World Day against the death penalty: the world decides! [timestamp] => 1183075200 [date] => 29/06/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/5th-world-day-against-the-death-penalty-the-world-decides/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On October 10th, 2007, the World Day against the Death Penalty focussed on the proposed UN General Assembly resolution for a universal moratorium on executions. The proposal would save lives and give the population of retentionist states an opportunity to see for themselves that a pause in death sentences does not lead to higher crime rates. [texte] => A resolution by the UN highest political body would be an important international milestone in the campaign to abolish the death penalty worldwide and would carry considerable moral weight.This initiative has already gathered the support of 5 millions people worldwide.You can support the momentum to end capital punishment and ask your country to support this resolution. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Moratorium ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3005] => Array ( [objectID] => 4985 [title] => 8 Demands for Beijing [timestamp] => 1182384000 [date] => 21/06/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/8-demands-for-beijing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => By welcoming the Olympics in 2008, China committed itself to improving its human rights situation. Anxious to remind Chinese authorities of their commitments, nine French associations, five of which are members of the World Coalition, created the China 2008 Olympic Games Collective. [texte] => By welcoming the Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008, China committed itself to improving its humans rights situation.Anxious to remind Chinese authorities of their commitments, nine French associations, five of which are members of the World Coalition, created the China 2008 Olympic Games Collective. The group submits “8 Demands for Beijing” to the Chinese government so that China restores all meaning to the values of the Olympic spirit “at the service of the harmonious development of man, with a view to promoting a peaceful society concerned with the preservation of human dignity.”.In line with these demands, the China 2008 Olympic Games Collective asks Chinese authorities “To suspend executions on all Chinese territory in order to lead to the abolition of the death penalty”.The Collective called for a first gathering in Paris on June 3, 2007 in commemoration of the bloody repression of Tian An Men.Find the “8 Demands for Beijing” and all China 2008 Olympic Games Collective actions on: http://Pekin2008.rsfblog.org [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3006] => Array ( [objectID] => 4986 [title] => Creation of the Tunisian Coalition Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1182384000 [date] => 21/06/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/creation-of-the-tunisian-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/97d140108741eb80f8b2d48a786bd771_2-1-500x333.png [extrait] => The representativesof the seven NGOs who met in Tunis on 14 June have announced the creation of the Tunisian National Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => The representatives of the seven NGOs who met in Tunis on 14 June have announced the creation of the Tunisian National Coalition Against the Death Penalty. “The coalition will work towards creating the momentum for abolishing capital punishment in Tunisia where more than 100 death-sentenced prisoners are stagnating in prisons, awaiting an alternative sentence”, said Mohamed Habib Marsit, President of the Tunisian section of Amnesty International, at the press conference organised at its offices.The presence of foreign diplomats at this event, representing in particular the European Union, France, the United States, Great Britain and the Netherlands, was noted.The founding NGOs have received the support of many artists, academics and well-known human rights activists in Tunisia and their alliance is not expected to stop there: “The Coalition is still open”, said Mohamed Habib Marsit.Quick response to the Paris appealTunisian abolitionists have thus answered the appeal launched by the World Coalition during the World Congress Against the Death Penalty held in Paris in February 2007. Its participants had been encouraged to form national and regional coalitions so as to encourage networking between sometimes isolated organisations fighting against capital punishment.The Tunisian Coalition has based its operational charter on that of the World Coalition, giving itself the aim of “obtaining abolition of the death penalty in [its] country and taking a leading role by coordinating action to promote a large-scale civil movement supporting abolition and by taking action with the authorities for [its] country to rejoin the group of abolitionist States”.No executions have been carried out in Tunisia since 1994 but the country nonetheless preserves the death penalty in its penal legislation and there are many sentenced prisoners awaiting possible execution. “We are first going to work towards obtaining a moratorium and improving the lot of these prisoners”, explained Mohamed Habib Marsit.Icy welcome from the authoritiesThe Tunisian Government does not look kindly upon the creation of the Coalition. The day after it was launched, the police brought Mohamed Habib Marsit in and tried to make him sign a document in which he agreed to abandon all the Coalition’s activities.According to the authorities, the Tunisian Coalition breaks the law and the operational rules of Amnesty International which stipulate neutrality with respect to the countries where the organisation is present.But for the Tunisian members of the coalition their demands for legal development are not an attack on the Government.Mokhtar Trifi, President of the Tunisian League for the Defence of Human Rights, also clarified that, as all the founding organisations are legally recognised in Tunisia, their alliance is in no way illicit.“Our action is totally legal. This is a politically issue”, summed up Zied El-Heni, member of the Steering Committee of the Association of Tunisian Journalists, a member of the Tunisian Coalition. The Tunisian Minister of Justice and Human Rights, Béchir Tekkari, said last March that it was “not yet time to abolish the death penalty”. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Tunisia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3007] => Array ( [objectID] => 4987 [title] => Mobilisation for Mumia Abu Jamal [timestamp] => 1182211200 [date] => 19/06/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/mobilisation-for-mumia-abu-jamal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Last May 17, the Philadelphia Federal Court of Appeal held a hearing that could seal the fate of Mumia Abu Jamal. On the occasion of this new hearing, the Collectif unitaire de soutien à Mumia Abu Jamal, and all his supporters, organized public mobilization and information initiatives on all continents. [texte] => Last May 17, the Philadelphia Federal Court of Appeal held a hearing that could seal the fate of Mumia Abu Jamal. The Court of Appeal agreed to consider the conditions under which Mumia Abu-Jamal’s trial was held in 1982.At the time of this hearing, Mumia Abu Jamal’s lawyer, Mr. Robert Bryan, asked to hold a new trial, in particular calling upon racial discrimination at the time of the 1982 trial. According to Robert Bryan, the Court of Appeal, which must examine the appeal, should not decide before several months.The famous American black journalist, on death row for 25 years, has become a symbol of the fight against the death penalty. On the occasion of this new hearing, the Collectif unitaire de soutien à Mumia Abu Jamal, and all his supporters, organized public mobilization and information initiatives on all continents. In particular, a demonstration united more than 2000 people in the streets of Philadelphia on May 17. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Fair Trial ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3008] => Array ( [objectID] => 4988 [title] => Human Rights and the Death Penalty in Iran [timestamp] => 1182211200 [date] => 19/06/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/human-rights-and-the-death-penalty-in-iran/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A gathering has taken place in Geneva on June 11, 2007 to protest against human rights violations in Iran. On the initiative of Human Rights in Iran, this demonstration was supported by Hands Off Caïn, the International Committee against Torture, Rights & Democracy, and the Canadian Center for the Victims of Torture (CCVT), among others. [texte] => A gathering has taken place in Geneva on June 11, 2007 to protest against human rights violations in Iran. On the initiative of Human Rights in Iran, this demonstration was supported by Hands Off Caïn, the International Committee against Torture, Rights & Democracy, and the Canadian Center for the Victims of Torture (CCVT), among others.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty reminds us on this occasion that Iran is second in the world, after China, of countries that perform executions. According to Human Rights in Iran, on the whole 356 people were condemned to death or executed during the year 2006, among whom were women and four minors. Forty executions took place in public. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment [1] => Juveniles [2] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3009] => Array ( [objectID] => 4989 [title] => Campaigning for the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol [timestamp] => 1181952000 [date] => 16/06/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/campaigning-for-the-ratification-of-the-second-optional-protocol/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => What if abolitionists were able to begin their next appeal, with a sentence to this effect: “A majority of countries has formally ratified a United Nations treaty permanently banning the death penalty.” [texte] => What if abolitionists were able to begin their next appeal, letter to head of government or draft resolution on the question of the death penalty with a sentence to this effect: “A majority of countries has formally ratified a United Nations treaty permanently banning the death penalty, an unmistakable sign of the international consensus that the death penalty is today a practice as unacceptable as slavery or torture.”The treaty in question is, of course, the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. However, although a vast majority of states no longer contemplates the use of the death penalty, this trend is not yet fully translated into formal support for the protocol which will ultimately enshrine abolition of the death penalty as a principle of international law.At the time of writing, 68 of the 160 states in a position to do so (i.e. states party to the ICCPR) have either signed or ratified the Second Optional Protocol including, most recently, Ukraine and reportedly Mexico. However, as surprising as it may seem, 16 abolitionist states have yet to take this crucial step. Ratification of the Second Optional Protocol by these countries would bring the number of states party to 84, more than half the total number of states party to the ICCPR itself.Pushing for more ratificationsThe WCADP campaign for universal ratification of the Second Optional Protocol aims to make a difference in several ways.First and foremost, the campaign will focus on raising the profile of the protocol, stressing the importance of ratification. According to a Ukrainian NGO, for example, the failure of that country to ratify the Second Optional Protocol until April of this year was due largely to inertia and a lack of awareness about the treaty.Another important element of the WCADP campaign will be that of working with local organisations to monitor and encourage any ratification initiatives already under way. In Chile for example (which has signed but not yet ratified the Protocol), draft legislation for ratification of the Second Optional Protocol submitted to the National Congress last December by President Bachelet has yet to be approved by the Committee on External Relations.Furthermore, WCADP will in the coming months call on its member organisations to take part in a letter-writing campaign to bring pressure on authorities in abolitionist countries which have yet to ratify the Second Optional Protocol. Governments which have not yet clarified their position with regard to ratification might be asked to do so. Others might be urged to make good on commitments already undertaken, such as the pledge made by Senegal on becoming a member of the Human Rights Council last year to ratify “the few human rights instruments it has yet to ratify”.16 states could make the moveWCADP’s efforts to promote the Second Optional Protocol may also be channelled through its member organisations’ submissions to the Human Rights Committee, the monitoring body whose mandate includes clarifying the status of ratification of the Protocol by abolitionist states party to the ICCPR. In fact, the Committee’s guidelines on reporting explicitly require such states to include in their Periodic Reports an explanation of the situation relating to ratification of the Second Optional Protocol.Finally, in a majority of the 16 states which have yet to ratify the protocol, the death penalty ceased to be an issue in the 1970s and 1980s. In contrast, states which have ratified the protocol in recent years have tended to do so within 5 years of abolition. It would appear therefore that the more time elapses after domestic abolition, the more problematic it may be to achieve ratification. WCADP is increasingly well-placed to work with civil society in states which are close to abolishing the death penalty in order to ensure that crucial momentum and pressure is maintained beyond domestic abolition until ratification of the Second Optional Protocol has been achieved.In December 2009 the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR aiming at the abolition of the death penalty will mark its 20th anniversary. WCADP is hopeful that by that date support for the protocol, in terms of the number of states party, will enable it to accomplish its aim.By Karen Hooper, World Coalition expert [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3010] => Array ( [objectID] => 4990 [title] => Death sentences in Morocco [timestamp] => 1178668800 [date] => 09/05/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/death-sentences-in-morocco/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition against the death penalty, the FIDH and the Moroccan Coalition against the Death Penalty are concerned with the continued pronunciation of death sentences by Moroccan courts [texte] => The World Coalition against the death penalty, the FIDH and the Moroccan Coalition against the Death Penalty are concerned with the continued pronunciation of death sentences by Moroccan courts.The World Coalition against the death penalty (WCADP), the International Federation of Human Rights Leagues (FIDH) and the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CMPDM) have learnt with great concern of the death sentence pronounced against Mr Hajaje Aadouani on Tuesday 27 February by the Rabat Appeals Court. M. Aadouani was convicted of the assassination of a police officer within the building of the Rabat Magistrates Court on 12 February 2006.The WCADP, the FIDH and the CMPDM are deeply concerned about this new sentence, which follows the sentence pronounced on 20 February 2007 by the first criminal chamber of the Rabat Appeals Court.These new sentences go against the statement by the President of the Moroccan Consultative Human Rights Council (CCDH) at the Third World Congress against the Death Penalty, which opened the door to the prospect of an imminent abolition of the death penalty. We welcomed this statement, as well as the fact that the Minister of Justice has publicly expressed his personal conviction that the death penalty should be abolished in Morocco at the time when the Ministry of Justice is revising the Penal Code towards a possible abolition of the death penalty. The increasing public debate is another additional positive sign welcomed by the Coalition.In view of this judicial decision, our organisations must once again express their opposition to the death penalty, in all circumstances and places, and stress that the death penalty is fundamentally contrary to the dignity of human beings as proclaimed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.We deplore the continued passing of death sentences by Moroccan courts according to existing legislation, and call on the Moroccan authorities to abolish the death penalty as soon as possible , according to the statements made at international forums. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Morocco ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3011] => Array ( [objectID] => 4991 [title] => Significant but fragile progress in the Great Lakes region [timestamp] => 1177977600 [date] => 01/05/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/significant-but-fragile-progress-in-the-great-lakes-region/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Rwanda and Burundi are apparently close to abolishing the death penalty; in the Democratic Republic of Congo, all references to capital punishment have been removed from the text of the constitution. The death penalty is on borrowed time in these countries scarred by conflicts. For the first time, the region's abolitionists met in Paris and called for the creation of a regional coalition. [texte] => Rwanda, 17 January 2007: the Cabinet approved a draft law on abolition of the death penalty to be examined subsequently by Parliament. Burundi: Ms Françoise Ngendahayo, Burundi's Minister for National Solidarity, Human Rights and Gender, stated during a visit to Paris in February 2007 that “the Government has already adopted the new Criminal Code, which supports abolition of the death penalty, in the Council of Ministers. It has been passed to Parliament which should adopt it soon.”Congolese abolitionists should also be pleased: although the Democratic Republic of Congo sadly figured at the top of the execution league table in 1999, there have been positive developments in the country over the last few years. The death penalty continues to be applied, especially by military tribunals, but it is not mentioned in the text of the new Congolese Constitution. Thanks to the efforts of the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty, abolition is starting to make itself felt in public debate and to be favourably received by civil society.Who would have thought that these governments and populations would be ready to renounce capital punishment so soon after the region was shaken by crisis situations and brutal civil wars?Creating a regional coalitionConsiderable as they are, these improvements remain fragile and need to be reinforced. The region's abolitionists who took part in the 3 rd World Congress Against the Death Penalty expressed their support for the creation of a Regional Coalition Against the Death Penalty. This coalition would support and consolidate the measures instituted. It would find a natural political ally in the International Conference on Peace, Security, Democracy and Development in the Great Lakes region, a framework established under the auspices of the African Union and the United Nations for consultation, cooperation and regional integration.The creation of such a regional coalition is also encouraged by the development of international criminal judicature: following Rwanda's example, international criminal jurisdictions could be introduced in Burundi and the DR Congo. Such jurisdictions, which rule out the death penalty, may not directly question the legality of capital punishment in national criminal systems, but they do inevitably examine the sense of a punishment which, in future, could be ruled out for the most serious crimes. “Congolese civil society is on the move”Listen to the interview with Lievin Ngondji, co-ordinator of the Congolese Coalition Against the Death Penalty and member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (in French). [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Democratic Republic of the Congo ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3012] => Array ( [objectID] => 4992 [title] => The World Coalition plays a pivotal role at the 3rd World Congress Against the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1177977600 [date] => 01/05/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/the-world-coalition-plays-a-pivotal-role-at-the-3rd-world-congress-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The 3rd World Congress Against the Death Penalty came to an end in Paris on 3 February 2007. It was an opportunity for abolitionists from all around the world to come together in greater numbers than ever to exchange experiences and prospects for the future. [texte] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty played an active role in the preparation of the Congress organised by ECPM (Together against the Death Penalty), both in developing the Congress’s content and in organising debates and roundtable discussions. It was also heavily involved in drafting the Final Declaration which, for the first time, united all abolitionist movements around a common position. In particular, the Declaration recommends the adoption by the General Assembly of the United Nations of a resolution calling for an immediate and universal moratorium on death sentences and executions, and the commutation of existing death sentences.The Paris Congress was also an opportunity to widen the debate and explore areas of action for the campaign the WCADP is about to launch. Amongst other things, this campaign will seek to promote ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of the United Nations, and encourage the development of regional coalitions in the Middle East and North Africa, and the African Great Lakes region. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( [0] => France ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3013] => Array ( [objectID] => 4993 [title] => Moving towards an inter-Arab coalition against the death penalty [timestamp] => 1177977600 [date] => 01/05/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/moving-towards-an-inter-arab-coalition-against-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As of today, no country in North Africa and the Middle-East has yet abolished the death penalty. However, there are positive signs that the region is now ready to debate the issue - as can be seen from the profusion of discussions and exchanges that took place during the 3 rd World Congress against the Death Penalty. [texte] => During a roundtable discussion, experts from the region sketched out proposals for a regional strategy towards abolition.Both speakers and participants insisted on the importance of uniting abolitionists from the region to give their work more resonance, bring together isolated voices and ensure mutual support in the defence of individual cases. However, it seems that the conditions are not yet in place for establishing an inter-Arab Coalition.Firstly, there is currently no stable movement in support of abolition in the Arab world: the death penalty is not a priority, even for human rights organisations. When action is taken, it is mainly in reaction to executions, death sentences or specific circumstances.What is more, arguments for abolition mainly refer to the universality of human rights without taking into account regional idiosyncrasies. Last but not least, the Arab world is far from being a homogenous and monolithic entity.Towards national and sub-regional coalitionsParticipants in the roundtable discussions identified a number of preliminary conditions for the creation of an inter–Arab coalition: to begin with, political, juridical, religious and sociological arguments in support of abolition need to be developed, based on accurate figures; NGOs must be encouraged to include the question of the death penalty in their national political agendas; the abolitionist strategy should be developed in two directions: towards political parties, leaders, decision-makers and the media on one hand, and civil society and public opinion on the other to support the emergence of a civic movement in support of abolition.Participants also returned to the importance of making the fight against the death penalty part of a wider campaign for developing a democratic culture in the region, and one that values life, breaking with institutional crimes, such as the stoning of women convicted of adultery, committed in the name of a so-called cultural identity.In conclusion, they called for the creation of national and sub-regional coalitions which would favour the emergence of an inter-Arab coalition against the death penalty in the long term. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Public Opinion [1] => Women ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3014] => Array ( [objectID] => 4994 [title] => 2007 Campaign : developing the world abolitionist movement [timestamp] => 1177977600 [date] => 01/05/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/2007-campaign-developing-the-world-abolitionist-movement/ [image] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/272355ce9cc4fa68e61f3acd523e1659_2-500x334.jpg [extrait] => The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has obtained financial support from the European Commission for its 2007 campaign, an indication of its growing recognition and legitimacy. [texte] => On the programme for 2007: major mobilisation for the World Day Against the Death Penalty around the theme of “China in the context of the 2008 Olympic Games”; a campaign to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; regional studies on the death penalty in the Arab world and the African Great Lakes region; and development of the World Coalition’s communication tools and the launch of a new Internet site in particular.June 2007: launch of the campaign to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsCurrently, 29 states which have abolished the death penalty in law have not yet ratified the Second Optional Protocol, the only international irreversibly binding abolitionist instrument. On the basis of the conclusions of an internal survey concentrating on the obstacles to ratification, the World Coalition plans to lead a campaign in support of ratification, targeting four countries in particular: Cambodia, Chile, Senegal and Ukraine.10 October 2007: mobilisation around the theme of China during the World Day Against the Death PenaltyOfficial statistics on China’s application of the death penalty remain a state secret. However, it is estimated that nearly 10,000 people are allegedly executed every year, which would represent 95% of death sentences worldwide. Nevertheless, the Chinese authorities have introduced significant reforms over the last few years which provide hope for an improvement in the quality of trials and greater transparency as regards convictions.China will be under the world’s spotlight until the next Olympic Games begin in Beijing in 2008 and the World Coalition would like to seize this opportunity to support China’s abolitionists, encourage the reforms underway and mobilise the international community in this direction.The death penalty in the Arab world and the African Great Lakes regionWho is involved in abolition in North Africa and the Middle East and what are its prospects? A comprehensive study will concentrate on this question in order to propose paths for common action to the region’s abolitionists and support their actions with arguments adapted to the regional political and cultural context.A similar study will be carried out in the African Great Lakes region which will place particular focus on ways to support and consolidate the reforms underway.Better CommunicationInformation on the World Coalition’s activities, its members and those involved in abolition across the world will be widely circulated through the Coalition’s new Internet site, to be launched in June 2007, and a monthly bilingual (French and English) newsletter. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3015] => Array ( [objectID] => 4995 [title] => Take collective action: join the World Coalition [timestamp] => 1177977600 [date] => 01/05/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/take-collective-action-join-the-world-coalition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since 2002 about sixty non-governmental organisations, professional associations and public bodies working throughout the world in support of abolition of the death penalty have come together through the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. [texte] => The World Coalition represents a unique platform for taking the struggle of support for abolition to a global level.By encouraging the exchange of experiences and networking among members, it has been possible to develop common international or regional strategies in support of abolishing the death penalty, to support abolitionists across the world and to provide them with information, awareness and mobilisation tools.Today, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty consists of 54 non-governmental organisations, as well as victims’groups and legal, national government and trade union associations from across the world, a diversity which reflects the universal nature of the death penalty.To join the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, please download the membership form here. [Type article] => article [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( ) [url_doc] => ) [3016] => Array ( [objectID] => 6016 [title] => The lethal injection quandary: how medicine has dismantled the death penalty [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-lethal-injection-quandary-how-medicine-has-dismantled-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On February 20, 2006, Michael Morales was hours away from execution in California when two anesthesiologists declined to participate in his lethal injection procedure, thereby halting all state executions. The events brought to the surface the long-running schism between law and medicine, raising the question of whether any beneficial connection between the professions ever existed in the execution context. History shows it seldom did. Decades of botched executions prove it. This Article examines how states ended up with such constitutionally vulnerable lethal injection procedures, suggesting that physician participation in executions, though looked upon with disdain, is more prevalent— and perhaps more necessary —than many would like to believe. The Article also reports the results of this author’s unique nationwide study of lethal injection protocols and medical participation. The study demonstrates that states have continued to produce grossly inadequate protocols that severely restrict sufficient understanding of how executions are performed and heighten the likelihood of unconstitutionality. The analysis emphasizes in particular the utter lack of medical or scientific testing of lethal injection despite the early and continuous involvement of doctors but ongoing detachment of medical societies. Lastly, the Article discusses the legal developments that led up to the current rush of lethal injection lawsuits as well as the strong and rapid reverberations that followed, particularly with respect to medical involvement. This Article concludes with two recommendations. First, much like what occurred in this country when the first state switched to electrocution, there should be a nationwide study of proper lethal injection protocols. An independent commission consisting of a diverse group of qualified individuals, including medical personnel, should conduct a thorough assessment of lethal injection, especially the extent of physician participation. Second, this Article recommends that states take their execution procedures out of hiding. Such visibility would increase public scrutiny, thereby enhancing the likelihood of constitutional executions. By clarifying the standards used for determining what is constitutional in Baze v. Rees, the U.S. Supreme Court can then provide the kind of Eighth Amendment guidance states need to conduct humane lethal injections. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.law.berkeley.edu/clinics/dpclinic/LethalInjection/LI/documents/articles/journal/2007.10.07.Denno%20.Fordham%20Law%20Review..pdf ) [3017] => Array ( [objectID] => 6020 [title] => Crime and Justice. Abolishing the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/crime-and-justice-abolishing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The IPS 'Death Penalty Abolition Project', supported bythe European Union, has recorded the voices of many of those who have played a key role in the recently fast-moving journey towards a death-penalty-free world. In doing so, IPS has been guided by the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Collected here are some 100 reports from dozens ofcountries and every continent. The voices of those who have spoken out here - many hundreds in number - include activists,academics, lawyers and, of course, those waiting for that dreaded last knock on their cell door. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.ips.org/institutional/documents/crimeandjustice.pdf ) [3018] => Array ( [objectID] => 6590 [title] => How the European Union Works: Your guide to the EU institutions [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/how-the-european-union-works-your-guide-to-the-eu-institutions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The European Union (EU) is a family of democratic European countries working together to improve life for their citizens and to build a better world. The following chapters describe the Treaties, the EU institutions and the other bodies and agencies, explaining what each entity does and how they interact. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.lu.lv/materiali/biblioteka/es/pilnieteksti/dazada/How%20the%20European%20Union%20works%20-%20Your%20guide%20to%20the%20EU%20institutions.pdf ) [3019] => Array ( [objectID] => 6608 [title] => Digital Security and Privacy for Human Rights Defenders [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/digital-security-and-privacy-for-human-rights-defenders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => What do we do when things go wrong? When our computers break down and annihilate years of hard work? When our emails do not reach the addressees or when we cannot access a website? How do we react to a news story of a virus damaging computers around the world, or to an email purportedly from a friend, asking to open the attached file? Uninformed decisions lead to bad choices, and blind reliance on technology often results in costly mistakes. This book is not aimed at a computer wizard. Its purposes are educating ordinary computer users and providing them with solutions to problems of privacy and security in a modern digital environment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.frontlinedefenders.org/files/en/esecman.en_.pdf ) [3020] => Array ( [objectID] => 6612 [title] => Write a Letter to the Editor [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/write-a-letter-to-the-editor/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Writing a letter to the editor of your local newspaper, or submitting a story to a local blog, is a great way to fight the continued use of the death penalty. This site gives helpful tips on how to write such a letter. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.nodeathpenaltywi.org/writealetter.aspx ) [3021] => Array ( [objectID] => 6619 [title] => Leaflet [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => California Crime Victims for Alternatives to the Death Penalty (CCV) is made up of families, friends, and loved ones of murder victims who support alternatives to the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenalty.org/downloads/CCV%20brochure%20April%204.pdf ) [3022] => Array ( [objectID] => 6637 [title] => A Guide to Sentencing in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-guide-to-sentencing-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Recent years have seen a number of ground-breaking judicial decisions on the mandatory death penalty in various Caribbean and African jurisdictions. In analysing these developments, this manual addresses the key issues that arise in the sentencing and resentencing of offenders following the abolition of the mandatory death penalty for particular crimes. It deals with the general test to be applied when deciding whether an offender should be sentenced to a discretionary death penalty. It also addresses the aggravating and, in particular, mitigating considerations relevant to the sentencing exercise and procedural issues that arise as a result of the discretion now vested in the courts to impose an appropriate sentence in each case. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/documents/A_Guide_to_Sentencing_in_Capital_Cases.pdf ) [3023] => Array ( [objectID] => 6673 [title] => Executing the Insane: The Story of Scott Panetti [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executing-the-insane-the-story-of-scott-panetti/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Scott Panetti was accused of killing his parents in law and convicted. Scott suffered from severe mental illness for many years, Schizophrenia. He dismissed his legal counsel and represented himself at trial wearing a cow boy suit and asking irrelavent questions. This video tells the story of Scott Panetti's case and questions whether he was mentally stable to attend trial and represent himself. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Legal Representation ) [url_doc] => http://vimeo.com/95295025 ) [3024] => Array ( [objectID] => 6692 [title] => World Day Against the Death Penalty Report 2007 [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/world-day-against-the-death-penalty-report-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => World Coalition Report: No to the Death Penalty! The World decides 10 October 2007 World Day against the Death Penalty. The actions of the world coaltion and their iniatives during the World Day 2007 campaign can be found in this report. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EN-RapportJM2007-1.pdf ) [3025] => Array ( [objectID] => 6706 [title] => Step by Step : Journey of Hope [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/step-by-step-journey-of-hope/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is a video following the Journey of Hope in Texas, a group lobbying for abolition in Texas.They tour Texas giving talks on the death penalty and they promote a message of love and not retribution. This video includes testimonies from murder victim families and exonerees. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaBFgIosgKM&feature=player_embedded#at=76 ) [3026] => Array ( [objectID] => 6717 [title] => Stop the Death Penalty: Worldwide Abolition Now [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/stop-the-death-penalty-worldwide-abolition-now/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This video by Amnesty International talks about how the administration of the death penalty is cruel, often sought after unfair trials and how innocent people have been wrongfully convicted. Voice over by Colin Firth. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/video-and-audio/video-animated-stories-about-death-penalty-20071031 ) [3027] => Array ( [objectID] => 6718 [title] => Jeremy Irons talks about the death penalty [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/jeremy-irons-talks-about-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This video features Jeremy Irons who speaks about the death penalty and arguements commonly made for it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVMho2cP1NE ) [3028] => Array ( [objectID] => 6723 [title] => The Constitution in Crisis Pt 4 [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-constitution-in-crisis-pt-4/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Bryan Stevenson discusses criminal justice in the United States. He discusses the influence of race in the outcome of criminal justice cases and uses social statistics to give the listeners a broader view of why the US state prisons are comprised of more of one race or another. Between chapter 4 and 8 Stevenson discusses the seemingly inherent racial bias to the administration of capital punishment in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://fora.tv/2007/04/12/Constitution_in_Crisis_Pt__4#fullprogram ) [3029] => Array ( [objectID] => 6738 [title] => Leaflet World Day 2007: Stop the Death Penalty, the World Decides [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/leaflet-world-day-2007-stop-the-death-penalty-the-world-decides/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To inform the public and invite everyone to take action, this leaflet: presents arguments against the death penalty, presents the campaign for a worldwide moratorium on death penalty, presents the World Day against the Death penalty, invites all citizens and organisations to take action and to sign the international appeal for a worldwide moratorium on executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/BrochureJM2007en-1.pdf ) [3030] => Array ( [objectID] => 6753 [title] => Alternatives to the Death Penalty: The Problems with Life Imprisonment [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/alternatives-to-the-death-penalty-the-problems-with-life-imprisonment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This briefing examines the use of life imprisonment worldwide, including the increasing trend of life imprisonment without the possibility of release, or life without parole (LWOP). Emerging trends indicate an increase in the number of offences carrying the sanction of life imprisonment, a greater prevalence of indeterminate sentencing, a reduction in the use of parole, and the lengthening of prison terms as a whole. The abolition of the death penalty has played a significant role in the increased use of life imprisonment sentences, and LWOP in particular. Conditions of detention and the treatment of prisoners serving life sentences are often far worse than those for the rest of the prison population and more likely to fall below international human rights standards. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/brf-01-2007-life-imprisonment-en_0.pdf ) [3031] => Array ( [objectID] => 6756 [title] => Towards the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Africa: A Human Rights Perspective [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/towards-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-africa-a-human-rights-perspective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In "Towards the abolition of the death penalty in Africa - a human rights perspective", the author shows that international law increasingly recognises that the imposition and execution of the death penalty constitute violations of human rights. The author locates an emerging international trend towards the abolition of capital punishment in the African context. In doing so, she provides a particular African perspective on the issue. In this rich and informative text, she reflects on the role and impact of relevant UN instruments on African states, and analyses related African regional instruments, domestic law and case-law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.pulp.up.ac.za/pdf/2007_02/2007_02.pdf ) [3032] => Array ( [objectID] => 6762 [title] => In the Shadow of Death: Restorative Justice and Death Row Families [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/in-the-shadow-of-death-restorative-justice-and-death-row-families/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The stories of parents, siblings, children, and cousins chronicled in this book-vividly illustrate the precarious position family members of capital offenders occupy in the criminal justice system. They live in the shadow of death, crushed by trauma, grief, and helplessness. In this penetrating account of guilt and innocence, shame and triumph, devastating loss and ultimate redemption, the voices of these family members add a new dimension to debates about capital punishment and how communities can prevent and address crime. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Shadow-Death-Restorative-Justice-Families/dp/0195375696/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1295968019&sr=1-1 ) [3033] => Array ( [objectID] => 6777 [title] => Chinas Death Penalty: History, Law and Contemporary Practices [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chinas-death-penalty-history-law-and-contemporary-practices/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book examines the death penalty within the changing socio-political context of China. The authors’ treatment of China’s death penalty is legal, historical, and comparative. In particular, they examine; the substantive and procedures laws surrounding capital punishment in different historical periods the purposes and functions of capital punishment in China in various dynasties changes in the method of imposition and relative prevalence of capital punishment over time the socio-demographic profile of the executed and their crimes over the last two decades and comparative practices in other countries. Their analyses of the death penalty in contemporary China focus on both its theory - how it should be done in law - and actual practice - based on available secondary reports/sources. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Chinas-Death-Penalty-Contemporary-Criminology/dp/0415803969/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1292936246&sr=1-1#reader_0415803969 ) [3034] => Array ( [objectID] => 6779 [title] => When the State No Longer Kills: International Human Rights Norms and Abolition of Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/when-the-state-no-longer-kills-international-human-rights-norms-and-abolition-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book tries to explain what leads a state to abolish capital punishment or impose a moratorium, by offereing in-depth analyses of four countries: Ukraine, South Africa, South Korea and the United States. Focusing on the role of political leadership and domestic political institutions, Bae clarifies the causal mechanisms that lead to state compliance or noncompliance with the norm. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Republic of Korea ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/State-Longer-Kills-Human-Rights/dp/0791472086/ref=tmm_pap_title_0 ) [3035] => Array ( [objectID] => 6818 [title] => Innocents Convicted: An Empirically Justified Factual Wrongful Conviction Rate [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/innocents-convicted-an-empirically-justified-factual-wrongful-conviction-rate/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The news about the astounding accuracy of felony convictions in the United States, delivered by Justice Scalia and Joshua Marquis in the passage set out epigrammatically above, would be cause for rejoicing if it were true. Imagine. Only 27 factually wrong felony convictions out of every 100,000! Unfortunately, it is not true, as the empirical data analyzed in this article demonstrates. To a great extent, those who believe that our criminal justice system rarely convicts the factually innocent and those who believe such miscarriages are rife have generally talked past each other for want of any empirically-justified factual innocence wrongful conviction rate. This article remedies at least a part of this problem by establishing the first such empirically justified wrongful conviction rate ever for a significant universe of real world serious crimes: capital rape-murders in the 1980's. Using DNA exonerations for capital rape-murders from 1982 through 1989 as a numerator, and a 406-member sample of the 2235 capital sentences imposed during this period, this article shows that 21.45%, or around 479 of those, were cases of capital rape murder. Data supplied by the Innocence Project of Cardozo Law School and newly developed for this article show that only 67% of those cases would be expected to yield usable DNA for analysis. Combining these figures and dividing the numerator by the resulting denominator, a minimum factually wrongful conviction rate for capital rape-murder in the 1980's emerges: 3.3%. The article goes on to consider the likely ceiling accompanying this 3.3% floor, arriving at a slightly softer number for the maximum factual error rate of around 5%. The article then goes on to analyze the implications of a factual error rate of 3.3%-5% for both those who currently claim errors are extremely rare, and those who claim they are extremely common. Extension of the 3.3%-5% to other capital and non-capital categories of crime is discussed, and standards of moral duty to support system reform in the light of such error rates is considered at length. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=931454 ) [3036] => Array ( [objectID] => 6831 [title] => Executing the Mentally Ill: When Is someone Sane Enough to Die? [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executing-the-mentally-ill-when-is-someone-sane-enough-to-die/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mental illness is a phenomenon that knifes across the entire corpus of our criminal justice system. From interrogations and waivers of Miranda rights, to consent to searches and seizures, to plea negotiations and the capacity to stand trial, to calculating sentences and participating in appellate and postconviction proceedings, mental illness warps the machinery of our criminal law and challenges its most cherished assumptions about free will, decisional competence, and culpability. This is so regardless of whether or not life hangs in the balance. But when the stakes are life and death, the structural distortions caused by mental illness become magnified, and the contradictions can rise to constitutional magnitude. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/criminal_justice_section_newsletter/crimjust_cjmag_22_3_executingmentallyill.authcheckdam.pdf ) [3037] => Array ( [objectID] => 6853 [title] => Deciding Death [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/deciding-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => When the Supreme Court is deciding death, how much does law matter? Scholars long have lamented the majoritarian nature of the Court's Eighth Amendment "evolving standards of decency" doctrine, but their criticism misses the mark. Majoritarian doctrine does not drive the Court's decisions in this area; majoritarian forces elsewhere do. To make my point, I first examine three sets of "evolving standards" death penalty decisions in which the Court implicitly or explicitly reversed itself, attacking the legal justification for the Court's change of position and offering an extralegal explanation for why those cases came out the way they did. I then use political science models of Supreme Court decisionmaking to explain how broader social and political forces push the Court toward majoritarian death penalty rulings for reasons wholly independent of majoritarian death penalty doctrine. Finally, I bring the analysis full [*pg 2] circle, showing how broader sociopolitical forces even led to the development of the "evolving standards" doctrine. In the realm of death penalty decisionmaking, problematic doctrine is not to blame for majoritarian influences; rather, majoritarian influences are to blame for problematic doctrine. The real obstacle to countermajoritarian decisionmaking is not doctrine, but the inherently majoritarian tendencies of the Supreme Court itself. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?57+Duke+L.+J.+1 ) [3038] => Array ( [objectID] => 6854 [title] => Furman Fundamentals [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/furman-fundamentals/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the first time in a long time, the Supreme Court's most important death penalty decisions all have gone the defendant's way. Is the Court's new found willingness to protect capital defendants here to stay? Or is it a passing fancy that will dissipate in less hospitable times? At first glance, history allows for optimism. Furman v. Georgia, the 1972 landmark that invalidated the death penalty, provides a seemingly perfect example of the Court's ability and inclination to protect capital defendants when no one else will. Furman looks countermajoritarian, scholars have claimed it was countermajoritarian, and even the Justices saw themselves as playing a heroic, countermajoritarian role in the case. But the lessons of Furman are not what they seem. Rather than proving the Supreme Court's ability to withstand majoritarian influences, Furman teaches the opposite - that even in its more countermajoritarian moments, the Court never strays far from dominant public opinion, tending instead to reflect the social and political movements of its time. This Article examines the historical context of Furman v. Georgia and its 1976 counterpart, Gregg v. Georgia, to highlight a fundamental flaw in the Supreme Court's role as protector of minority rights: its inherently limited inclination and ability to render countermajoritarian change. In theory, the Court might protect unpopular minorities, but in practice it is unlikely to do so unless a substantial (and growing) segment of society supports that protection. Even then, Furman reminds us that the Court's "help" may do more harm than good. If the past truly is a prologue, Furman portends that the Court's current interest in restricting the death penalty will not last forever. Like the fair-weather friend, the Court's protection will likely be there in good times but gone when needed the most. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=82+Wash.+L.+Rev.+1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=465649068b8aa9b52894dffd37e51f99 ) [3039] => Array ( [objectID] => 6874 [title] => Frequency and Predictors of False Conviction: Why We Know So Little, and New Data on Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/frequency-and-predictors-of-false-conviction-why-we-know-so-little-and-new-data-on-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the first part of this paper we address the problems inherent in studying wrongful convictions: our pervasive ignorance and the extreme difficulty of obtaining the data that we need to answer even basic questions. The main reason that we know so little about false convictions is that, by definition, they are hidden from view. As a result, it is nearly impossible to gather reliable data on the characteristics or even the frequency of false convictions. In addition, we have very limited data on criminal investigations and prosecutions in general, so even if we could somehow obtain data on cases of wrongful conviction, we would have inadequate data on true convictions to compare them to. In the second part we dispel some of that ignorance by considering data on false convictions in a small but important subset of criminal cases about which we have unusually detailed information: death sentences. From 1973 on we know basic facts about all defendants who were sentenced to death in the United States, and we know which of them were exonerated. From these data we estimate that the frequency of wrongful death sentences in the United States is at least 2.3%. In addition, we compare post-1973 capital exonerations in the United States to a random sample of cases of defendants who were sentenced in the same time period and ultimately executed. Based on these comparisons we present a handful of findings on features of the investigations of capital cases, and on background facts about capital defendants, that are modest predictors of false convictions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=996629 ) [3040] => Array ( [objectID] => 6878 [title] => Raise the Proof: A Default Rule for Indigent Defense [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/raise-the-proof-a-default-rule-for-indigent-defense/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Almost everyone agrees that indigent defense in America is underfunded, but workable solutions have been hard to come by. For the most part, courts have been unwilling to inject themselves into legislative budget decisions. And, when courts have become involved and issued favorable decisions, the benefits have been only temporary because once the pressure of litigation disappears so does a legislature’s desire to appropriate more funding. This Article proposes that if an indigent defense system is under-funded, the state supreme court should impose a default rule raising the standard of proof to “beyond all doubt” to convict indigent defendants. The legislature would then have the opportunity to opt out of this higher standard of proof by providing enough funding to bring defense lawyers’ caseloads within well-recognized standards or by providing funding parity with prosecutors’ offices. Such an approach will create an incentive for legislatures to adequately fund indigent defense without miring courts in detailed supervision of legislative budget decisions. At the same time, because courts can check once per year to determine whether there is funding parity with prosecutors’ offices or compliance with caseload guidelines, there will be constant pressure on legislatures to maintain adequate funding in order to avoid the higher standard of proof. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=adam_gershowitz ) [3041] => Array ( [objectID] => 6879 [title] => Imposing a Cap on Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/imposing-a-cap-on-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article argues that because prosecutors have discretion to seek the death penalty in too many cases, they lack the incentive to police themselvesand choose carefully. Put simply, because there are few legal constraints — and virtually no political constraints — on the sheer number of cases in which prosecutors can pursue the death penalty, the Government is not under sufficient pressure to limit its use of capital punishment to only the most heinous cases. As a result, two things happen. First, the death penalty is sought and meted out in some cases, which though terrible, are no worse than the thousands of other murder cases in which prosecutors pursue only life imprisonment. Second, because prosecutors file too many capital cases, the criminal justice system lacks the resources to focus sufficient attention on each one. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2290&context=facpubs ) [3042] => Array ( [objectID] => 6906 [title] => The Global Debate on the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-global-debate-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Many human rights organizations and intergovernmental organizations, such as the European Union, see the death penalty as one of the most pressing human rights issues of our time and have taken an active role in persuading countries to halt executions. The debate over capital punishment in the United States—be it in the courts, in state legislatures, or on nationally televised talk shows—is always fraught with emotion. The themes have changed little over the last two or three hundred years. Does it deter crime? If not, is it necessary to satisfy society’s desire for retribution against those who commit unspeakably violent crimes? Is it worth the cost? Are murderers capable of redemption? Should states take the lives of their own citizens? Are current methods of execution humane? Is there too great a risk of executing the innocent? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.americanbar.org/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/human_rights_vol34_2007/spring2007/irr_hr_hr_spring07_babcospr07.html ) [3043] => Array ( [objectID] => 6938 [title] => Innocents Convicted: An Empirically Justified Factual Wrongful Conviction Rate [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/innocents-convicted-an-empirically-justified-factual-wrongful-conviction-rate-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To a great extent, those who believe that our criminal justice system rarely convicts the factually innocent and those who believe such miscarriages are rife have generally talked past each other for want of any empirically-justified factual innocence wrongful conviction rate. This article remedies at least a part of this problem by establishing the first such empirically justified wrongful conviction rate ever for a significant universe of real world serious crimes: capital rape-murders in the 1980's. Using DNA exonerations for capital rape-murders from 1982 through 1989 as a numerator, and a 406-member sample of the 2235 capital sentences imposed during this period, this article shows that 21.45%, or around 479 of those, were cases of capital rape murder. Data supplied by the Innocence Project of Cardozo Law School and newly developed for this article show that only 67% of those cases would be expected to yield usable DNA for analysis. Combining these figures and dividing the numerator by the resulting denominator, a minimum factually wrongful conviction rate for capital rape-murder in the 1980's emerges: 3.3%. The article goes on to consider the likely ceiling accompanying this 3.3% floor, arriving at a slightly softer number for the maximum factual error rate of around 5%. The article then goes on to analyze the implications of a factual error rate of 3.3%-5% for both those who currently claim errors are extremely rare, and those who claim they are extremely common. Extension of the 3.3%-5% to other capital and non-capital categories of crime is discussed, and standards of moral duty to support system reform in the light of such error rates is considered at length. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=931454 ) [3044] => Array ( [objectID] => 6953 [title] => The Pros and Cons of Life Without Parole [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-pros-and-cons-of-life-without-parole/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The question of how societies should respond to their most serious crimes if not with the death penalty is ‘perhaps the oldest of all the issues raised by the two-century struggle in western civilization to end the death penalty’ ( Bedau, 1990: 481 ). In this article we draw attention to the rapid and extraordinary increase in the use of ‘life imprisonment without parole’ in the United States. We aim to critically assess the main arguments put forward by supporters of whole life imprisonment as a punishment provided by law to replace the death penalty and argue against life-long detention as the ultimate sanction. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://bjc.oxfordjournals.org/content/47/4/597.full.pdf+html ) [3045] => Array ( [objectID] => 6968 [title] => The People Decide: The Effect of the Introduction of the Quasi-Jury System (Saiban-In Seido) on the Death Penalty in Japan [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-people-decide-the-effect-of-the-introduction-of-the-quasi-jury-system-saiban-in-seido-on-the-death-penalty-in-japan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article examines the potential impact of the new lay assessor system, or saiban-in seido, on capital punishment in Japan, and considers whether it may reduce death sentences to the point of effectively abolishing them at trial stage in the District Court. The article posits that the introduction of the lay assessor system may create the momentum for Japan to align its criminal justice system with that of other developed countries—that is, abolition of the death penalty as an available criminal sanction. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1064&context=njihr ) [3046] => Array ( [objectID] => 6973 [title] => The Peculiar Forms of American Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-peculiar-forms-of-american-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There are two puzzles that confront observers of American capital punishment at the start of the 21st century. One concerns the legal and administrative arrangements through which it is enacted, which strike many commentators as irrational, or at least poorly adapted to the traditional ends of criminal justice. The other concerns the persistence of capital punishment in the USA in a period when comparable nations have decisively abandoned its use. In this essay, I will address both of these two questions, beginning with the first and offering conclusions that bear upon the second.The historical struggles around issues of capital punishment, structured as they have been by the American polity with its distinctive mix of federalism, sectionalism, and democratic populism, form the necessary basis for understanding the American present and for comparing America's current practices with those of other western nations. Any explanation of American capital punishment ought to begin by focusing attention on these structures and these struggles. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/40971939?uid=3738016&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21104997726597 ) [3047] => Array ( [objectID] => 6990 [title] => Capital Punishment Views in China and the United States: A Preliminary Study Among College Students [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-views-in-china-and-the-united-states-a-preliminary-study-among-college-students/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There is a lack of research on attitudes toward capital punishment in China, and there is even less research on cross-national comparisons of capital punishment views. Using data recently collected from college students in the United States and China, this study finds that U.S. and Chinese students have differences in their views on the death penalty and its functions of deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation. This study also reveals that the respondents’ perspectives of deterrence, rehabilitation, retribution, and incapacitation all affect their attitudes toward the death penalty in the United States, whereas only the first three views affect attitudes toward capital punishment in China. Furthermore, retribution is the strongest predictor in the United States, whereas deterrence is the strongest predictor in China. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://ijo.sagepub.com/content/51/1/84.abstract ) [3048] => Array ( [objectID] => 7001 [title] => Promotion by Council of Europe member states of an international moratorium on the death penalty [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/promotion-by-council-of-europe-member-states-of-an-international-moratorium-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights confirms its strong opposition to the death penalty in all circumstances. It takes pride in its decisive contribution to making the member states of the Council of Europe a de facto death penalty-free zone. It notes with satisfaction that the death penalty is on the decline world-wide, as shown by a 25% decrease in executions and death sentences between 2005 and 2006. More than 90% of known executions in 2006 took place in only six countries: China, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq, Sudan, and the United States of America - an observer state of the Council of Europe.The small number of countries that still resort to executions on a significant scale is becoming increasingly isolated in the international community. Between 1977 and 2006, the number of abolitionist countries rose from 16 to 89. This number increases to 129 if one includes those countries which have not carried out anyexecutions for the past 10 years or more.A moratorium is an important step as it saves lives at once and has the potential of demonstrating to the public in retentionist countries that an end to state-sponsored killings does not lead to any increase in violent crime. On the contrary, a moratorium on executions can bring about a change of atmosphere in society fostering greater respect for the sanctity of human life, and thus contribute to reversing the trend towards ever-increasing hate and violence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - Regional body ) [url_doc] => http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=11556&lang=EN ) [3049] => Array ( [objectID] => 7009 [title] => Position Paper No. 2 on the Abolition of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/position-paper-no-2-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper outlines the case for abolition of the death penalty in Kenya from a human rights perspective, including the position of the National Commissionon the subject. It seeks to persuade the public, and policy makers on the need to abolish capital punishment. Informed by the various theories of punishmentand human rights principles, the paper addresses arguments by the proponents of the death penalty; builds a case for abolition of the death penalty; andfi nally makes recommendations to policy makers and other stakeholders for necessary action towards abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Government body report ) [url_doc] => http://www.rwi.lu.se/nhridb/africa/kenya/positionpaperondeath.pdf ) [3050] => Array ( [objectID] => 7022 [title] => Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Philip Alston [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-philip-alston/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In addition to reporting on the principal initiatives undertaken in 2006 to address the scourge of extrajudicial executions around the world, this report focuses on four issues of particular importance: (a) the mandate of the Special Rapporteur in armed conflicts; (b) “mercy killings” in armed conflict; (c) the “most serious crimes” for which the death penalty may be imposed; and (d) the international law status of the mandatory death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/4/20&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3051] => Array ( [objectID] => 7023 [title] => Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Philip Alston [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-philip-alston-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report details the activities of the Special Rapporteur in 2009 and the first four months of 2010. This is the final report to the Human Rights Council by Philip Alston in his capacity as Special Rapporteur. It analyses the activities and working methods of the mandate over the past six years, and identifies important issues for future research. Detailed addenda to this report address: (a) accountability for killings by police; (b) election-related killings; and (c) targeted killings. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/14/24&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3052] => Array ( [objectID] => 7062 [title] => The death penalty in the Arab world: Study on the death penalty in some Arab countries [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-arab-world-study-on-the-death-penalty-in-some-arab-countries/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The essence of the death penalty is the eradication of life for the condemned. Death penalty was a common practice in ancient heavenly religions, especially in times dominated by the idea of religious revenge. Additionally, it was implemented in a brutal and cruel way accompanied by terrible methods of torture. The death penalty has not been controversial in the old legislation; it has been recognized by scholars without attempting to justify it, as governors and legislators apply it without resistance from thinkers and philosophers. In the modern era, controversy has arisen about the feasibility and legality of the death penalty as a form of social reaction to the offender. The eighteenth century is marked by philosophical ideas which attacked the prevailing penal systems, as studies and research have appeared on the social and anthropological causes of crime. Thus, two intellectual trends have appeared on the horizon: those in favor of retaining the death penalty, and those demanding its abolishment. Each trend has its reasons and pretexts supporting their thoughts concerning the death penalty. Hence, the study analyses and examines "The Death Penalty in the Arab World" through a series of distinctive research methods, addressing the death penalty in ten Arab countries. The following is presented according to a signal research plan that includes: crimes punishable by death, and procedural guarantees on the death penalty and its adequacy, as well as putting forward many proposals and recommendations on the abolishment of the death penalty. This study includes the death penalty in ten Arab countries: Bahrain - Egypt - Jordan - Iraq – Lebanon- Morocco- Palestine - Saudi Arabia – Syria- Yemen. ---- Go to first document in English. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aproarab.org/modules.php?name=Reports_Publications ) [3053] => Array ( [objectID] => 7072 [title] => CHINA’S DEATH PENALTY REFORMS [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chinas-death-penalty-reforms/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Chinese authorities have introduced reforms to the death penalty system aimed at “killing fewer, and killing carefully.” Key systemic challenges remain, however, in ensuring that the criminally accused are not arbitrarily deprived of their inherent right to life. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/CRF.2.2007/CRF-2007-2_Penalty.pdf ) [3054] => Array ( [objectID] => 7074 [title] => The Persistent Problem of Racial Disparities in The Federal Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-persistent-problem-of-racial-disparities-in-the-federal-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper details the profoundly troubling evidence that racial disparities continue to plague the modern federal death penalty. Of the next six federal inmates scheduled for execution, all are African-American defendants. Defendants of color make up the majority of federal death row and the majority of modern federal executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclu.org/pdfs/capital/racial_disparities_federal_deathpen.pdf ) [3055] => Array ( [objectID] => 7075 [title] => Mental Illness and the Death Penalty in North Carolina [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mental-illness-and-the-death-penalty-in-north-carolina/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As this report lays bare, entrenched obstacles within the criminal justice system impede efforts to recognize those with severe mental illness and to treat them fairly. As detailed in this report, these obstacles include the fact that: 1, mentally ill offenders, because of their impairments, often undermine their own defenses in a variety of ways that contribute directly to their convictions, death sentences and executions; 2, although state law exclusively defines mental illness as a mitigating factor for sentencing purposes, juries often perceive mental illness as an aggravating (rather than mitigating) factor. 3, the law governing mental illness in the context of the death penalty does not often align itself with clinical realities; thus mental health experts must often answer legal questions that do not conform to their medical analyses. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclu.org/files/pdfs/capital/nc_mental_illness_report2007.pdf ) [3056] => Array ( [objectID] => 7108 [title] => EVALUATING FAIRNESS AND ACCURACY IN STATE DEATH PENALTY SYSTEMS: The Tennessee Death Penalty Assessment Report: An Analysis of Tennessee’s Death Penalty Laws, Procedures, and Practices [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/evaluating-fairness-and-accuracy-in-state-death-penalty-systems-the-tennessee-death-penalty-assessment-report-an-analysis-of-tennessees-death-penalty-laws-procedures-and-practices/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To assess fairness and accuracy in Tennessee’s death penalty system, the Tennessee Death Penalty Assessment Team researched the twelve issues that the American Bar Association identified as central to the analysis of the fairness and accuracy of a state’s capital punishment system: (1) collection, preservation, and testing of DNA and other types of evidence; (2) law enforcement identifications and interrogations; (3) crime laboratories and medical examiner offices; (4) prosecutorial professionalism; (5) defense services; (6) the direct appeal process; (7) state post-conviction proceedings; (8) clemency proceedings; (9) jury instructions; (10) judicial independence; (11) racial and ethnic minorities; and (12) mental retardation and mental illness. Following a preliminary chapter on Tennessee’s death penalty law, the Tennessee Death Penalty Assessment Report devotes a chapter to each of these twelve issues. Each chapter begins with a discussion of the relevant law and then concludes the extent to which the State of Tennessee is in compliance with the ABA’s Recommendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abanet.org/moratorium/assessmentproject/tennessee/finalreport.pdf ) [3057] => Array ( [objectID] => 7109 [title] => EVALUATING FAIRNESS AND ACCURACY IN STATE DEATH PENALTY SYSTEMS: The Pennsylvania Death Penalty Assessment Report: An Analysis of Pennsylvania’s Death Penalty Laws, Procedures, and Practices [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/evaluating-fairness-and-accuracy-in-state-death-penalty-systems-the-pennsylvania-death-penalty-assessment-report-an-analysis-of-pennsylvanias-death-penalty-laws-procedures-and-practices/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To assess fairness and accuracy in Pennsylvania’s death penalty system, the Pennsylvania Death Penalty Assessment Team researched the twelve issues that the American Bar Association identified as central to the analysis of the fairness and accuracy of a state’scapital punishment system: (1) collection, preservation, and testing of DNA and other types of evidence; (2) law enforcement identifications and interrogations; (3) crime laboratories and medical examiner offices; (4) prosecutorial professionalism; (5) defense services; (6) the direct appeal process; (7) state post-conviction proceedings; (8) clemency; (9) jury instructions; (10) judicial independence; (11) racial and ethnic minorities; and (12) mental retardation and mental illness. Following a preliminary chapter on Pennsylvania’s death penalty law, the Pennsylvania Death Penalty Assessment Report devotes a chapter to each of these issues. Each chapter begins with a discussion of the relevant law and concludes with a discussion of the extent to which the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is in compliance with the ABA’s Recommendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abanet.org/moratorium/assessmentproject/pennsylvania/finalreport.pdf ) [3058] => Array ( [objectID] => 7110 [title] => EVALUATING FAIRNESS AND ACCURACY IN STATE DEATH PENALTY SYSTEMS: The Ohio Death Penalty Assessment Report: An Analysis of Ohio’s Death Penalty Laws, Procedures, and Practices [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/evaluating-fairness-and-accuracy-in-state-death-penalty-systems-the-ohio-death-penalty-assessment-report-an-analysis-of-ohios-death-penalty-laws-procedures-and-practices/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To assess fairness and accuracy in Ohio’s death penalty system, the Ohio Death Penalty Assessment Team researched the twelve issues that the American Bar Association identified as central to the analysis of the fairness and accuracy of a state’s capital punishment system: (1) collection, preservation, and testing of DNA and other types of evidence; (2) law enforcement identifications and interrogations; (3) crime laboratories and medical examiner offices; (4) prosecutorial professionalism; (5) defense services; (6) the direct appeal process; (7) state post-conviction proceedings; (8) clemency; (9) jury instructions; (10) judicial independence; (11) racial and ethnic minorities; and (12) mental retardation and mental illness. The Ohio Death Penalty Assessment Report devotes a chapter to each of these issues, which follow a preliminary chapter on Ohio death penalty law (for a total of 13 chapters). Each of the issue chapters begins with a discussion of the relevant law and then reaches conclusions about the extent to which the State of Ohio complies with the ABA Recommendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abanet.org/moratorium/assessmentproject/ohio/finalreport.pdf ) [3059] => Array ( [objectID] => 7111 [title] => EVALUATING FAIRNESS AND ACCURACY IN STATE DEATH PENALTY SYSTEMS: The Indiana Death Penalty Assessment Report: An Analysis of Indiana’s Death Penalty Laws, Procedures, and Practices [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/evaluating-fairness-and-accuracy-in-state-death-penalty-systems-the-indiana-death-penalty-assessment-report-an-analysis-of-indianas-death-penalty-laws-procedures-and-practices/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To assess fairness and accuracy in Indiana’s death penalty system, the Indiana Death Penalty Assessment Team researched the twelve issues that the American Bar Association identified as central to the analysis of the fairness and accuracy of a state’s capital punishment system: (1) collection, preservation, and testing of DNA and other types of evidence; (2) law enforcement identifications and interrogations; (3) crime laboratories and medical examiner offices; (4) prosecutorial professionalism; (5) defense services; (6) the direct appeal process; (7) state post-conviction proceedings; (8) clemency; (9) jury instructions; (10) judicial independence; (11) racial and ethnic minorities; and (12) mental retardation and mental illness. The Indiana Death Penalty Assessment Report devotes a chapter to each of these issues, which follow a preliminary chapter on Indiana death penalty law (for a total of 13 chapters). Each of the issue chapters begins with a discussion of the relevant law and then reaches conclusions about the extent to which the State of Indiana complies with the ABA Recommendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abanet.org/moratorium/assessmentproject/indiana/report.pdf ) [3060] => Array ( [objectID] => 7120 [title] => The Death penalty for Drug Offences: A Violation of International Human Rights Law [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-a-violation-of-international-human-rights-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report calls for an end to the use of the death penalty for drug offences around the world, and concludes that the on-going execution of drug offenders is a violation of international human rights law. The report emphasises how the harms faced by people who use drugs do not only include health harms such as HIV and hepatitis C infections, but also the effects of repressive law enforcement activities. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ihra.net/files/2010/07/01/DeathPenaltyReport2007.pdf ) [3061] => Array ( [objectID] => 7129 [title] => THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2006 (and the first seven months of 2007) [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-of-2006-and-the-first-seven-months-of-2007/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The worldwide situation to date: The worldwide trend towards abolition, underway for at least a decade, was again confirmed in 2006 and the first six months of 2007. There are currently 146 countries and territories that to different extents have decided to renounce the death penalty. Of these, 93 are totally abolitionist, 9 are abolitionist for ordinary crimes, 1 (Russia) is committed to abolishing the death penalty as a member of the Council of Europe and currently observes a moratorium on executions, 4 have a moratorium on executions in place and 39 are de facto abolitionist (i.e. – no executions have taken place in the last ten years). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=9324906 ) [3062] => Array ( [objectID] => 7139 [title] => The Death Penalty V. Human Rights: Why Abolish the Death Penalty? [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-v-human-rights-why-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this document Amnesty International calls on the UN General Assembly, 62nd session, (2007) to adopt a resolution affirming the right to life and stating that abolition of the death penalty is essential for the protection of human rights and to report on the implementation of the moratorium to the next session of the UNGA. It also calls on retentionist countries to establish a moratorium on executions and to respect international standards that guarantee the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT51/002/2007/en/3c7c3501-d36a-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/act510022007en.pdf ) [3063] => Array ( [objectID] => 7163 [title] => Death Penalty: Stop the state killing [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-stop-the-state-killing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document focuses on the significant developments and events - both negative and positive - in the struggle against the death penalty in 2006. It includes steps towards abolition; horrific state killings; executions after unfair trials, including that of Saddam Hussein; the growing global campaign for abolition, and the political courage needed to rid the world of judicial state killing. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/011/2007/en/715840b2-d3a0-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/act500112007en.pdf ) [3064] => Array ( [objectID] => 7176 [title] => Unjust and unfair: The death penalty in Iraq [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/unjust-and-unfair-the-death-penalty-in-iraq/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since the reintroduction of the death penalty in August 2004 more than 270 people have been sentenced to death in Iraq. Iraq now figures among the countries with the highest numbers of executions reported in 2006. Amnesty International is concerned that many of those sentenced to death by the Central Criminal Court of Iraq did not receive a fair trial. Amnesty International calls on the Iraqi government to immediately establish a moratorium on executions with a view to total abolition of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE14/014/2007/en/c30a8031-d3a6-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/mde140142007en.pdf ) [3065] => Array ( [objectID] => 7187 [title] => China: The Olympics Countdown: Repression of activists overshadows death penalty and media reforms [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/china-the-olympics-countdown-repression-of-activists-overshadows-death-penalty-and-media-reforms/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International remains deeply concerned that several senior Chinese officials continue to use 'strike hard' policies to constrain the legitimate activities of a range of peaceful activists, including journalists, lawyers and human rights defenders. This report updates concerns in these areas, illustrated by the experiences of several individuals who have been detained or imprisoned in violation of their fundamental human rights. The failure of the Chinese authorities to address the legal and institutional weaknesses that allow such violations to flourish continues to hamper efforts to strengthen rule of law in China. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/015/2007/en/bc173ad7-d3a0-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/asa170152007en.pdf ) [3066] => Array ( [objectID] => 7190 [title] => Execution by lethal injection – a quarter century of state poisoning [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/execution-by-lethal-injection-a-quarter-century-of-state-poisoning/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Any potential increase in executions or lobbying for the death penalty as a result of the use of lethal injection is of serious concern. The increased pressure on medical professionals to participate in executions also raises serious ethical and human rights issues. This paper reviews developments with respect to lethal injection executions over the past decade. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/007/2007/en/af8e9fba-d3af-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/act500072007en.pdf ) [3067] => Array ( [objectID] => 7202 [title] => Slow march to the gallows: Death penalty in Pakistan [timestamp] => 1167609600 [date] => 01/01/2007 [annee] => 2007 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/slow-march-to-the-gallows-death-penalty-in-pakistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Pakistan ranks among the countries in the world which issue the most death sentences: currently, over 7,400 prisoners are lingering on death row. In recent years, Pakistan has witnessed a significant increase in charges carrying capital punishment, in convictions to death, as well as in executions. The HRCP and FIDH find that the application of death penalty in Pakistan falls far below international standards. In particular, they find that, given the very serious defects of the law itself, of the administration of justice, of the police service, the chronic corruption and the cultural prejudices affecting women and religious minorities, capital punishment in Pakistan is discriminatory and unjust, and allows for a high probability of miscarriages of justice, which is wholly unacceptable in any civilised society, but even more so when the punishment is irreversible. At every step, from arrest to trial to execution, the safeguards against miscarriage of justice are weak or non-existent, and the possibility that innocents have been or will be executed remains frighteningly high. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Pakistan464angconjointpdm.pdf ) [3068] => Array ( [objectID] => 25223 [title] => Poster World Day 2006 [timestamp] => 1160438400 [date] => 10/10/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-2006/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Discrimination, unfair trials, judicial error, the execution of childoffenders and those suffering from mental disabilities allamount to a failure of justice and provide more compelling rea-sons to abolish the death penalty. 10 October 2006 is the fourthWorld Day Against the Death Penalty. Join the World CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty in working for an end to the use ofcapital punishment and a globe free of judicial killing. [texte] => She Xianglin and Teng Xing-shan were both convicted ofthe murder of their wives andsentenced to death. She Xiang-lin was later resentenced to 15years imprisonment. In bothcases, the wives reappearedseveral years later. She Xiang-lin was released after 11 yearsin prison in 2005 and officiallycleared of all charges. TengXingshan, however, had beenexecuted in 1989. Whereverthe death penalty is used, therisk of executing the innocentremains.LET’S ACT! Please write to the Chinese authorities requestinga halt to executions as a first step towards the abolitionof the death penalty.Setback N° 1 Innocent and executed• Teng Xingshan, ChinaScott Panetti suffers from schiz-ophrenia and bipolar disorder.After his divorce, he dressed inmilitary clothes and murderedhis ex-wife’s parents. He thenchanged his clothes and turnedhimself into the police. In spiteof his acknowledged and longhistory of mental health prob-lems, he was declared fit tostand trial and legally representhimself. In court, he dressed asa cowboy and often made inco-herent remarks, mounting noformal legal defence. He wassentenced to death in 1995 andremains on death row in Texas.LET’S ACT! Please write to the Governor of Texas requestingthat he ensure no persons suffering from mental disabilitiesare sentenced to death and that all executions be haltedas a first step to abolishing the death penalty.Setback N° 4 Execution of those suffering frommentally disabilities • Scott Panetti, United StatesSiti Zainab Binti Duhri Rupa isan Indonesian mother of twochildren. In 1999 she was arrest-ed and charged with the murderof her employer. Denied accessto legal advice, her family orembassy, she confessed to thecrime. Foreign nations face dis-crimination in the judicial sys-tem of Saudi Arabia and aroundhalf of those executed comefrom abroad. Many did notunderstand the language inwhich their trial was held. SitiZainab remains imprisoned andis at risk of execution.LET’S ACT! Please write requesting the Saudi Arabian authorities toprotect the rights of all individuals, and especially foreigners, placedbefore the country’s courts. Request them to halt all executions as afirst step towards the abolition of the death penalty.Setback N° 2 Discrimination• Siti Zainab, Saudi ArabiaShahram Pourmansouri wassentenced to death for attempt-ed hijacking of an aircraft in 2001when aged 17. International lawexpressly forbids the executionof those under the age of 18 atthe time of the crime. Iran andPakistan are the only countriesto currently execute child of-fenders (although Pakistan’slaws forbid it). Shahram Pour-mansouri was scheduled to behanged in January 2005 butreceived a stay of execution. Heremains condemned to death.LET’S ACT! Please write to the Iranian authorities requestingthat they forbid the execution of those under 18 years of ageat the time of the crime and halt all executions as a first stepto abolishing the death penalty.Setback N° 5 Death sentences for child offenders• Shahram Pourmansouri, Iran“Gloria” (she has requested heridentity be protected) wasarrested and charged withmurder at the age of 17.Forced to wait 7 years beforeher trial, she was then triedwithout legal representationand sentenced to death. Sheremains unable to lodge alegal appeal because she hasno lawyer. She has beenimprisoned for the last 11years in Urguru prison.LET’S ACT! Please write to the four Nigerian states that continueto apply the death penalty to ensure that everyone has their fair trialrights protected and that all executions are halted as a first steptowards the abolition of the death penalty.Setback N° 3 Violation of the right to a fair trial• “Gloria” NigeriaON OCTOBER 10, 2006 WORLD DAY AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYtake action on www.worldcoalition.orgDiscrimination, unfair trials, judicial error, the execution of childoffenders and those suffering from mental disabilities allamount to a failure of justice and provide more compelling rea-sons to abolish the death penalty. 10 October 2006 is the fourthWorld Day Against the Death Penalty. Join the World CoalitionAgainst the Death Penalty in working for an end to the use ofcapital punishment and a globe free of judicial killing.AFAILUREOFJUSTICEDEATHPENALTYW O R L DCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.org [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Affiche-JM2006-EN-1.pdf ) [3069] => Array ( [objectID] => 25577 [title] => Initiatives World Day 2006 [timestamp] => 1160438400 [date] => 10/10/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/initiatives-world-day-2006/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Initiatives World Day 2006 [texte] => F r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 6WORLDDAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY10 OCTOBERF r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 6From October 10, 2003...• 184 events in 68 countries• The support of the European Union, Mexico and Canada• A petition and profiles of abolitionist individuals... To October 10, 2006• Official launching of the General Assembly in Casablanca• Objective: 500 initiatives in 60 countriesI n t r o d u c t i o nC o n t e n t s3 - 3 T h e W o r l d D a y 2 0 0 64 I n i t i a t i v e s f r o m 2 0 0 3 t o 2 0 0 5List of the initiatives that have contributed to the success of the World Day2 1 C o a l i t i o nThe World Coalition against the death penalty: creation, members,objectives and actions.2 0 O f f i c i a l d e c l a r a t i o n sFrom the 2003 edition, the main abolitionist States have supported World Dayand published press releases through their Foreign Ministry officers.Objective October 10 2006The 4th World Day against the death penalty will take place onthe 10th October 2006.On this occasion, thousands of initiatives will be undertakenunder the theme of “A Failure of Justice”: execution of inno-cents, discriminations, unfair trials and violations of dueprocess, inhumane detention conditions and torture, condem-nation to death of mentally disabled people, will be denouncedby the pro abolitionists.5 emblematic condemned to death, sad examples of these fail-ures of any legal system which condemns to death, will be sup-ported by the World Coalition and all the citizens who areparticipating in the World Day.You too, take initiatives on the 10th October to say NO to thedeath penalty!Rendez-vous on the 10th of October around debates, pressreleases, demonstrations, expositions, theatre plays which willbe undertaken to denounce the death penalty!To learn more, contact the World Coalition: coalition@abolition.fror visit our website: www.worldcoalition.orgContactcoalition@abolition.frF r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 6P e t i t i o n 2 0 0 3Discrimination, judicial error, arbitrariness, rights ridiculed...Forevery death sentence, at each execution, the death penaltymarks a setback of justice.On October 10, 2006, for the fourth World Day against the deathpenalty, denounce death sentences for innocent people, forminors, for the mentally disabled, the violation of rules for a fairtrial, and the discrimination that still surrounds the use of capi-tal punishment!Échec n° 1• INNOCENT!She Xianglin, ChinaShe Xianglin and Teng Xingshan were both found guilty of mur-dering their spouses, in 1994 and in 1987, respectively. TengXingshan was executed in 1989.After 11 years in prison, She Xianglin was cleared and freed onApril 1, 2005. In October 2005, he received a compensation of450 000 yuan (around 45 000 euros). How many thousands ofpeople condemned to death have not had this chance nor thetime to prove their innocence!Échec n° 2• DISCRIMINATIONSiti Zainab, Saudi ArabiaSiti Zainab Binti DUHRI RUPA is an Indonesian mother of twochildren. Not having recourse to consular help, cut off from herfamily, and without any legal advice, she admitted the murderof her employer after interrogation. Judged in secret, she willbe condemned to death.Échec n° 3• VIOLATION OF RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIALGloria, NigeriaGloria needs an assumed name to testify.Arrested in 1987 at the age of 17, accused of a murder, she wascondemned to death after seven years in prison. without thepossibility of appeal.She has been held prisoner in the prison in Uguru for 12 years.Échec n° 4• MENTALLY DISABLED PERSONSCONDEMNED TO DEATHScott Panetti, United StatesScott Panetti suffers from schizoid-emotional disorder.After his divorce, he dressed up in military clothes and killedhis in-laws. Then he changed his clothes and turned himself intothe police.In spite of his psychological history, he was judged capable ofundergoing trial. He dismissed his attorney and organized hisdefense alone, most often disguised as a cowboy, making inco-herent remarks.Nonetheless, he was condemned to death.Échec n° 5• DEATH SENTENCE FOR MINORSKhaled Hardani, IranIn 2001, Khaled HARDANI and his brother, 17 and 18 years old,tried to hijack an airliner in Iran.Disarmed by the police, they were imprisoned, isolated, thencondemned to death for “acts against the national security” and“acts of the enemies of god”.The head of the judicial order deferred their execution, but thisdecision is weak and revocable.TAKE ACTION ONWWW.WORLDCOALITION.ORGThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has called onlocal organizations to make World Day a truly become an inter-national event made up of thousands of initiatives.In 63 countries, 188 initiatives were organized on October 10,2003 to say NO to the death penalty. On 5 continents, and inmany countries that still have capital punishment, citizensprotested, together to say NO to the death penalty.During the October 10th 2004 edition, 215 initiatives were putinto place in 24 countries. The members of the World Coalitionalso took an active part in the 2nd World Congress against thedeath penalty held in Montreal from the 6th to the 9th ofOctober.In 2005, the World Day was focused on “Africa moving towardsabolition” and has been celebrated in 46 countries with 263 ini-tiatives.Edition 2003• Throughout the World VideoThe Local Italian Culture Institute showed, on October 10, 2003,the video “It is Not Worth It” (produced by the Tuscan Region,this video tells the story of 6 death row inmates in Japan, China,Uganda, Iran, the United States, and Cuba) in 15 countries, inaddition to those cited below: Albania, Croatia, South Africa,Australia, Holland, Yugoslavia, Malta, Finland, Mexico, Peru,Lebanon, Spain, Brazil, Turkey and Syria.F r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 6I n i t i a t i v e sAFRICA (Edition 2003)• South Africa University of Witwatersrand Debate TheUniversity of Witwatersrand and Amnesty International SouthAfrica held a debate with Stephen Langtry (AI), Robert McBride,former prisoner on death row in South Africa, Ebrahim Patel, arepresentative of the South African Muslim Theologians, andAnchen Dreyer, a member of the provincial legislature in Gautengfor the opposition party, and the Democratic Alliance, with GeorgeBizos (who formed part of the legal defense team for NelsonMandela, and served on other lawsuits in Rivonia in 1963).• Benin Media Amnesty International Benin published a pressrelease in two daily newspapers and gave interviews on thenational televisions station (ORTB), GOLF-TV, and Radio GOLF-FM. A televised debate took place on the need to abolish thedeath penalty on October 14 on Television LC2.• Burundi Media Along with PRI, the production studio“IJAMBO” and Radio “Isangarino” produced and developedradio broadcasts against the death penalty. An on-line debateaccompanied the production.• Cameroon• Bafia Media Studio Posts National CRTV, LP STUDIO 1634,Yaounde, and principal media of the country. The ACAT Bafia,the local antenna of ACAT Cameroon, conducted a debate withthe Cameroon Radio and Television (CRTV) audience, and inter-vened in the media to require the Cameroon government to takea clear position against the death penalty.• Bafia Debate Conference discussed “The Question of the DeathPenalty: Current and Future Positions”, with Abbot GregoireMekomou, Vicar with the Cathedral of Godou, Reverend PastorBenjamin Biroung, Ekabena Florida, magistrate, and NzhieNdtungu Léonard William, coordinator of ACAT Bafia.• Bafia Celebration Ecumenical celebration in the presenceof locally elected individuals, the “leaders of opinion”, churchAmnesty InternationalTanzania organized a conferenceand a demonstrationin Dar Es Salaam.Debate in South Africa, at the Universityof Witwatersrand, organized by Amnesty International.leaders, Christian movements, teachers and members of theadministration.• Congo• Kinshasa Debate In Notre Dame cathedral, more than 50 peo-ple from the Tanzania Human Rights organization of AmnestyInternational organized a conference and a protest at Dar EsSalaam; the magistrates and the armed forces of theDemocratic Republic of Congo debated on “The Problem of theDeath Penalty in the Democratic Republic of Congo”.• Kisangani Lobbying, Visiting those condemned to death. Themembers of ACAT, Kisangani, sent a message to the politicaladministrative authorities and to the soldiers against the deathpenalty. South-Kivu of ACAT visited 15 people condemned todeath in the central prison of Bukavu and they held a confer-ence-debate.• Kinshasa Debate The Cultural Organization for Peace andJustice organized a conference-debate at the university and avisit in the Kinshasa prison to speak with those condemned todeath.• Mauritius Media The Mauritian Section of AmnestyInternational and the death penalty coordinator gave two radiointerviews on an Island radio station.• Nigeria Media Legal Resource Consortium organized amedia campaign (press releases and TV debates on the deathpenalty).• Rwanda Debate The Center of Free-Rwandan CulturalExchanges organized a debate: “Relevance of the death penaltyin Rwanda today” with Gerd Hankel (HIS), Lars Waldorf (HRW),Tito Rutaremara (Constitutional and Legal Commission), andLaurien Ntezimana (FRIENDLY).• Tanzania Manifestation Amnesty International Tanzaniaissued a press release and organized a conference and ademonstration in Dar Es Salaam.F r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 6I n i t i a t i v e s• Togo Lome Media The Togolaise section of AmnestyInternational conducted interviews by the Associated Secretary-general, Mr. Vewonyi Hotowossi, on Radio Zephyr and Radio ChickFM of Lome on October 9 and 10. A press release was issued.• Uganda Kampala Debate Amnesty International Uganda helda public discussion, sent out the Coalition’s Petition andinformed the media. A press release was also issued at thetime of the Summit of Organ [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => file:///C:/Users/Ordi/Downloads/Initiatives-JM2006-EN.pdf ) [3070] => Array ( [objectID] => 25252 [title] => Mobilization Kit 2006 [timestamp] => 1160438400 [date] => 10/10/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mobilization-kit-2006/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The World Coalition was created in Rome on 13 May2002, following the commitment undertaken by theorganizations who signed the Final Declaration ofthe First World Congress against the death penaltyin June 2001 in Strasbourg. It comprises 52 non-governmental organizations, as well as bar asso-ciations, trade unions and local communities.The Coalition aims to reinforce the internationalmovement to abolish the death penalty, to reducethe scope of capital punishment and put an endto executions wherever they take place. To thisend, the Coalition facilitates the creation and devel-opment of national and regional coalitions againstthe death penalty. The Coalition also spearheadslobbying efforts directed towards states and inter-national institutions. [texte] => 10 OCTOBER 2006FOURTH WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY« THE DEATH PENALTY:A FAILURE OF JUSTICE »GRASSROOTS MOBILISATIONKIT[[www.worldcoalition.orgwww.worldcoalition.orgWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYCOALITIONMONDIALECONTRE LA PEINE DE MORTWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgCréée à Rome en mai 2002, la Coalitionmondiale contre la peine de mortregroupe des O.N.G., des associationsde juristes, des syndicats, des collectiv-ités locales et toutes organisationsattachées à coordonner leurs effortsinternationaux dans la lutte contre lapeine de mort.Membres du Comité de pilotageau 1 er juillet 2006 :• Amnesty International • Barreau de Paris •Comité national pour l'abolition de la peinede mort au Maroc • Communauté deSant'Egidio / Death Penalty Focus • Culturepour la Paix et la Justice • Ensemble contrela peine de mort / Observatoire Marocain desPrisons • Fédération Internationale desDroits de l’Homme • Fédération SyndicaleUnitaire / Collectif Unitaire National deSoutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal • FédérationInternationale des Chrétiens pour l’Abolitionde la Torture • Journey of Hope • Ville deMatera • Murder Victims’ Families for HumanRights • National Lawyers Guild • PenalReform International • Région ToscaneAutres membres au 1 er juillet 2006 :• ACAT France • American Friends ServiceCommittee • Amnesty International sectionmarocaine • Association Marocaine desDroits Humains • Ville d’Andoian • Ville deBraine l’Alleud • Campagne nationale pourl’abolition de la peine de mort au Liban •Center for Prisoner’s Rights • Centre pourles Droits des Gens • Comitato PaulRougeau • Comité Syndical Francophonede l'Education et de la Formation •Conférence Internationale des Barreaux •CURE – Missouri • Droits et Démocratie •Forum 90 Japan • Forum marocain pour laVérité et la Justice • Foundation for HumanRights Initiative • Italian Coalition to Abolishthe Death Penalty • International HelsinkiFederation for Human Rights • Lifespark •Ligue des Droits de l’Homme • Lutte Pourla Justice • Mothers Against the DeathPenalty • Mouvement contre le Racisme etpour l’Amitié entre les Peuples • MurdersFamilies Victims for Reconciliation • NationalAssociation of Criminal Defence Lawyers •National Coalition to Abolish the DeathPenalty • Organisation marocaine desdroits humains • Organisation Mondialecontre la Torture • People of Faith Againstthe Death Penalty • Puerto Rican Coalitionagainst death penalty • Ville de ReggioEmilia • Réseau d’activistes iraniens pourla Défense des Droits de l'homme Europeet Amérique du Nord • Texas Coalition toabolish the death penalty • Ville de Venise•••Secrétariat exécutif :ECPM5, rue primatice - F - 75013 ParisTél. : 00 33 +1 47 07 61 60Fax : 00 33 +1 47 07 65 10ecpm@abolition.frwww.worldcoalition.org1 Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 3• World Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 3• Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 32 History of the movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 4• The World Coalition against the Death Penalty . . . . . . . .p. 4• Previous World Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 43 Your World Day: take initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 5• Some proposed initiatives for the 2006 World Day . . . .p. 5• Examples of former initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 64 The 2006 World Day theme: A failure of justice . . . . . . .p. 7• Death penalty: A failure of justice.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 7• Representative death-row prisoners: profiles. . . . . . . .p. 115 Complementary ressources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 16• Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 166 Join us: How to become a member of the coalition . .p. 177 Contact us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 18• The Executive Secretary of the Coalition: ECPM(Together against the death penalty) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 18• Members of the Steering Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 18• Members of the Coalition: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. 1910 OCTOBER 2006FOURTH WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY« THE DEATH PENALTY:A FAILURE OF JUSTICE »GRASSROOTS MOBILISATIONKITTABLE OF CONTENTS[[www.worldcoalition.orgCOALITIONMONDIALECONTRE LA PEINE DE MORT• The World Day: 10 October 2006The organisers call upon all citizens and organi-zations that are committed to abolishing the deathpenalty to carry out hundreds of initiatives world-wide on the same day. Debates, concerts, pressreleases, demonstrations and events carried outlocally in many countries will provide a broad, inter-national dimension to the goal of universal aboli-tion.The World Day is aimed at the authorities as wellas public opinion in those countries that have notyet abolished the death penalty: The ' aim is toconvey, especially to the younger generation, thereasons for abolition and for a judicial system freefrom the death penalty.This year, the European Union and the Council ofEurope will participate in the World Day by estab-lishing 10 October also as the European Dayagainst the death penalty. The 10th October istherefore both the World and European Day againstthe death penalty.• ObjectivesFoster and reinforce the international dimensionof the call for abolition to the public and to gov-ernments;Put pressure on states that still apply the deathpenalty to influence them to abolish it, or at least,to institute a moratorium on executions;Promote and enlarge the World Coalition againstthe Death Penalty to strengthen its international rep-resentation;Commemorate the World Day against the DeathPenalty with participation by international andregional institutions and organizations on every 10thof October.1PRESENTATION[ ]WORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYFourth World Day against the Death Penalty10 October 2006 • Grassroots mobilisation KIT3COALITIONMONDIALECONTRE LA PEINE DE MORT• The World Coalitionagainst the Death PenaltyThe World Coalition was created in Rome on 13 May2002, following the commitment undertaken by theorganizations who signed the Final Declaration ofthe First World Congress against the death penaltyin June 2001 in Strasbourg. It comprises 52 non-governmental organizations, as well as bar asso-ciations, trade unions and local communities.The Coalition aims to reinforce the internationalmovement to abolish the death penalty, to reducethe scope of capital punishment and put an endto executions wherever they take place. To thisend, the Coalition facilitates the creation and devel-opment of national and regional coalitions againstthe death penalty. The Coalition also spearheadslobbying efforts directed towards states and inter-national institutions.Since 2003, the Coalition has established 10October as the World Day against the DeathPenalty. World Day 2005 prompted 263 local ini-tiatives throughout the world. An international peti-tion asking the Head of the African States toextend abolition to the whole continent gathered42,200 signatures.During the year 2006, the Coalition plans to:• support several national coalitions (e.g. NationalCoalition for the abolition of the death penaltyin Morocco, Death Penalty Asia Network)• undertake an international campaign to promptstates to ratify the Second Optional Protocol tothe United Nations’ International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolitionof the death penalty,• Organize the Fourth World Day against the DeathPenalty, promoting over 500 initiatives in morethan 100 countries under the theme “The DeathPenalty: A failure of justice”.The Coalition also participates in and supportsinternational actions led by its members, such asCities against the death penalty - linking 392 citiesin the world including 31 capitals, and the ThirdCongress against the death penalty – organizedin Paris by ECPM, from 1st to 3rd Februar.• Former World DaysIn 2003 and 2004 the Coalition promoted theorganization of local and decentralised initiativeson the World Day throughout the world, so that theWorld Day would become an annual internationalevent.188 initiatives were organized in 63 states onall five continents for the first World Day, with thetheme Say “NO!” to the death penalty.215 initiatives were undertaken in 24 countriesduring the second World Day in 2004. Coalitionmembers took part in the Second World Congressagainst the Death Penalty from 6th to the 9th ofOctober in Montreal.263 initiatives in 46 countries were organizedduring the third World Day in 2005 under the theme“Africa: on the road to abolition”. An internationalpetition addressed to African heads of state gath-ered more than 42,200 signatures. It was handedto the Congolese Ambassador in Paris, repre-senting the current Presiding Head of the AfricanUnion.2HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT[ ]WORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYFourth World Day against the Death Penalty10 October 2006 • Grassroots mobilisation KIT4COALITIONMONDIALECONTRE LA PEINE DE MORTThe World Day’s main objective is the universalabolition of the death penalty. To that end weencourage you to publicise the World Day andorganize local activities in as many towns in asmany countries as possible, especially in thosecountries that still retain the death penalty.Debates, press releases, radio interviews, demon-strations, petitions, exhibitions, concerts, filmshowings and exchange programs with schoolsand cultural centres are some of the activities thatin the past have successfully brought awarenessof the need to abolish the death penalty to the pub-lic. Take the initiative and organize an event in yourtown this year!In your own way, undertake initiatives toexplain that the death penalty is an unfair pun-ishmentThe death penalty is an issue that has many moral,religious and political aspects attached to it. Hereare a few striking arguments [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Kit-de-mobilisation-JM2006-EN.pdf ) [3071] => Array ( [objectID] => 6152 [title] => Execution and Invention: Death Penalty Discourse in Early Rabbinic and Christian Cultures [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/execution-and-invention-death-penalty-discourse-in-early-rabbinic-and-christian-cultures/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this book Beth Berkowitz tells the story of modern scholarship on the ancient rabbinic death penalty and continues the story by offering a fresh perspective using the approaches of ritual studies, cultural criticism, and talmudic source criticism. Against the scholarly consensus, Berkowitz argues that the rabbinic laws of the death penalty were used by the early Rabbis in their efforts to establish themselves in the wake of the destruction of the Temple. The purpose of the laws, she contends, was to create a complex ritual of execution that was controlled by the Rabbis, thus bolstering their claims to authority in the context of Roman imperial domination. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780195179194.do ) [3072] => Array ( [objectID] => 6180 [title] => Just Punishment [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/just-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In December 2005 Van Nguyen, a 24 year-old Australian, was hanged by the state of Singapore for heroin trafficking. Filmed across two years, 'Just Punishment' tells the remarkable story behind the fight to save his life. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Australia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.justpunishment.com.au/index.html ) [3073] => Array ( [objectID] => 6389 [title] => The right to life: A guide to the implementation of Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-right-to-life-a-guide-to-the-implementation-of-article-2-of-the-european-convention-on-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Handbook deals with the right to life, as guaranteed byArticle 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and with the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights under that article. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://echr.coe.int/NR/rdonlyres/16D05FDF-4831-47EC-AE6D-A2C760B0B630/0/DG2ENHRHAND082006.pdf ) [3074] => Array ( [objectID] => 6589 [title] => Making your Voice Heard in the EU: A Guide for NGOs [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/making-your-voice-heard-in-the-eu-a-guide-for-ngos/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This training handbook was specifically designed for those “newcomer” NGOs and activists that are in the process of establishing a European strategy. It does so by providing tailored-made information on EU institutions, the way European NGOs work, as well as lobbying “tips”, illustrated by examples of EU level campaigns. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://act4europe.horus.be/module/FileLib/NGOGuide_EN.pdf ) [3075] => Array ( [objectID] => 6592 [title] => Information Handbook on the Council of the European Union [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/information-handbook-on-the-council-of-the-european-union/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The purpose of this handbook — which has been prepared on the responsibility of the General Secretariat of the Council and has no legal force — is to explain certain basic concepts of how the Council works, but above all to provide practical information both on existing sources of information and on the implementation of measures adopted with regard to openness and transparency. These measures illustrate the Council's desire to get closer to citizens in order to build their confidence in European integration. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/information-handbook-of-the-council-of-the-european-union-pbQC5804425/ ) [3076] => Array ( [objectID] => 6594 [title] => The Right to a Fair Trial [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-right-to-a-fair-trial/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This handbook is designed to provide readers with an understanding of how legal proceedings at national level must be conducted in order to conform with the obligations under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. It is divided into chapters, each of which treats a different aspect of the guarantees contained in the article. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/LibraryDocs/DG2/HRHAND/DG2-EN-HRHAND-03%282006%29.pdf ) [3077] => Array ( [objectID] => 6595 [title] => The Right to Life: A Guide to the Implementation of Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-right-to-life-a-guide-to-the-implementation-of-article-2-of-the-european-convention-on-human-rights-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Handbook deals with the right to life, as guaranteed by Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR or “the Convention”), and with the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (“the Court”) under that article. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.echr.coe.int/LibraryDocs/DG2/HRHAND/DG2-EN-HRHAND-08%282006%29.pdf ) [3078] => Array ( [objectID] => 6601 [title] => Charter of Arab League [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/charter-of-arab-league/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The League of Arab States is composed of the independent Arab states which have signed this Charter. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.arableagueonline.org/las/picture_gallery/criterions25-6-2006.pdf ) [3079] => Array ( [objectID] => 6604 [title] => African Court on Human and Peoples Rights Quick Facts [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights-quick-facts/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights was established by the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights (Court's Protocol). The Court's mission is to complement and reinforce the functions of the Commission in promoting and protecting human and peoples' rights, freedoms and duties in African Union Member States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.african-court.org/en/index.php/about-the-court/quick-facts-menu ) [3080] => Array ( [objectID] => 6652 [title] => Faith in Action [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/faith-in-action/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Using faith to combat the death penalty: This document has sermons, prayers and services, essays, views on the death penalty, resources for discussion and action, resources for next steps. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnestyusa.org/pdfs/faithinaction_resourceguidebook.pdf ) [3081] => Array ( [objectID] => 6701 [title] => The Advocacy Handbook: A Guide to Implementing Recommendations of the Criminal Justice/Mental Health Consensus Project [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-advocacy-handbook-a-guide-to-implementing-recommendations-of-the-criminal-justice-mental-health-consensus-project/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A how-to guide for advocates who want to improve the response to people with mental illnesses who are in contact with the criminal justice system. The Advocacy Handbook reflects a shared effort among NAMI (the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill), the National Mental Health Association (NMHA), the National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD), the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, and the Criminal Justice / Mental Health Consensus Project. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://csgjusticecenter.org/cp/publications/the-advocacy-handbook-a-guide-to-implementing-recommendations-of-the-criminal-justicemental-health-consensus-project/ ) [3082] => Array ( [objectID] => 6754 [title] => Wounds That Do Not Bind: Victim-based Perspectives on the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/wounds-that-do-not-bind-victim-based-perspectives-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book examines how family members and advocates for victims address the impact of capital punishment. The book presents the personal stories of victims' family members and their interactions with the criminal justice system. It also examines the relevant areas of legal research, including the use of victim impact evidence in capital trials, how capital punishment affects victims' family members, and what is known about addressing the needs of the survivors after a murder. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Wounds-That-Not-Bind-Victim-based/dp/1594600805/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1290002623&sr=1-1-fkmr0 ) [3083] => Array ( [objectID] => 6812 [title] => The Effect of Race, Gender, and Location on Prosecutioral Decisions to Seek the Death Penalty in South Carolina [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-effect-of-race-gender-and-location-on-prosecutioral-decisions-to-seek-the-death-penalty-in-south-carolina/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Article analyzes the factors that influence the decisions of South Carolina prosecutors to seek the death penalty. Professor Unah and Mr. Songer employ statistical methods to examine the legal and nonlegal factors that shape this decision-making process. Controlling for political factors, this Article finds that the race of the victim, gender, and rural crime locations are significant considerations in the decision to seek the death penalty. Further, Professor Unah and Mr. Songer argue that these nonlegal factors undermine the legal guidelines that are intended to channel and steer the decision-making process. This Article highlights the arbitrary nature of the decisions that result from these considerations, and it concludes by challenging the legitimacy of a process influenced by these factors. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=58+S.C.+L.+Rev.+161&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=6aaadee6f9de6065e49a9acd85808e56 ) [3084] => Array ( [objectID] => 6816 [title] => Anatomy of a Miscarriage of Justice: The Wrongful Conviction of Peter J. Rose [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/anatomy-of-a-miscarriage-of-justice-the-wrongful-conviction-of-peter-j-rose/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Article examines one case in which students and lawyers from Golden Gate University's Innocence Project won the exoneration of Peter J. Rose, a man who served nearly ten years of a twenty-seven year State Prison sentence for the rape and kidnap of a child before DNA proved his innocence. The analysis of this case focuses on how the conduct of two police detectives, the prosecutor and the defense attorney contributed to this miscarriage of justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1938&context=ggulrev ) [3085] => Array ( [objectID] => 6828 [title] => Beyond Unreliable: How Snitches Contribute to Wrongful Convictions [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/beyond-unreliable-how-snitches-contribute-to-wrongful-convictions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Comment briefly surveys in Part I some of the data on snitch-generated wrongful convictions. In Part II, it describes in more detail the institutional relationships among snitches, police, and prosecutors that make snitch falsehoods so pervasive and difficult to discern using the traditional tools of the adversarial process. Part III concludes with a litigation suggestion for a judicial check on the use of informant witnesses, namely, a Daubert-style12 pre-trial reliability hearing.The Appendix in Part IV contains a sample motion requesting and justifying such a hearing. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1942&context=ggulrev ) [3086] => Array ( [objectID] => 6832 [title] => Innocence Lost … and Found: An Introduction to The Faces of Wrongful Conviction Symposium Issue [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/innocence-lost-and-found-an-introduction-to-the-faces-of-wrongful-conviction-symposium-issue/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Each wrongful conviction signifies an acute failure of the criminal justice system, a loss of innocence for those of us who want to believe in its merits, each exoneration constitutes an affirmation of the system's potential value - not so much in the sense that the post-conviction system "works" (given that it often does not) but that learning about the uniquely human details of individual exonerations serves as a powerful motivating force to revamp the process through which guilt or innocence is adjudicated. Our criminal justice system is changeable, its flaws possibly remediable, and it is this prospect of a revised, superior method of charging and trying those accused of crimes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1937&context=ggulrev ) [3087] => Array ( [objectID] => 6836 [title] => Litigating in the Shadow of Death [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/litigating-in-the-shadow-of-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => One gets the strong sense that Professor White believed that the key to changing or abolishing the death penalty in the United States was to educate policymakers and the public about its practical operation. This, of course, was Justice Thurgood Marshall’s hypothesis in Furman v. Georgia: that the widespread support that the death penalty enjoys in the country is a product of mass ignorance about how it is applied. Professor White did not simply posit the theory, he dedicated much of his life to the mission of educating the public about the inequities of the American death penalty. This final book does that in an extraordinarily effective way by combing together studies of illustrative cases, analysis of the lawyers’ roles and dilemmas, and cogent explanations of the state of the law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.google.fr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CC4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Flawreview.law-dev.library.pitt.edu%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Flawreview%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F94%2F94&ei=Qd07U_vEIbHZ0QXfy4HACA&usg=AFQjCNEk4KCRuQ92NMgPZdGjXdRp4LYdMg ) [3088] => Array ( [objectID] => 6848 [title] => Bringing Reliability Back In: False Confessions and Legal Safeguards in the 21st Century [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/bringing-reliability-back-in-false-confessions-and-legal-safeguards-in-the-21st-century/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this Article, we point out the failures of the legal tests governing admissibility of confessions, tracing the historical development of these flawed standards. We propose a new standard that we believe reinvigorates the largely forgotten purpose of the rules—reliability of confession evidence—in part by requiring the electronic recording of custodial interrogations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://hosted.law.wisc.edu/lawreview/issues/2006-2/leo-drizin.pdf ) [3089] => Array ( [objectID] => 6859 [title] => Dead Innocent: The Death Penalty Abolitionist Search for a Wrongful Execution. [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dead-innocent-the-death-penalty-abolitionist-search-for-a-wrongful-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article examines the debate about whether or not an innocent person has been executed in the United States. The article begins by discussing several famous historical claims of wrongful execution, including Sacco & Vanzetti, the Rosenbergs, and Bruno Hauptmann. Then, the article addresses some recent claims of wrongful executions, including the case of Larry Griffin and the impact of a 2006 DNA test in the Roger Coleman case. The article evaluates why some innocence claims attract more attention than others. By recognizing two obstacles in wrongful execution claims and by establishing five lessons for gaining media attention, the article uses its historical analysis to extract strategy lessons for death penalty abolitionists. Finally, the article weighs arguments regarding the pros and cons of an abolitionist strategy that focuses on proving the innocence of executed individuals. The article concludes that wrongful execution claims provide an important argument for abolitionists, but such claims should not be presented as the main or only problem with the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/tlj42&div=22&id=&page= ) [3090] => Array ( [objectID] => 6870 [title] => Exoneration and Wrongful Condemnations: Expanding the Zone of Perceived Injustice in Death Penalty Cases [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/exoneration-and-wrongful-condemnations-expanding-the-zone-of-perceived-injustice-in-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this article I argue that despite the very serious nature and surprisingly large number of these kinds of exonerations revelations about factually innocent death-sentenced prisoners represent only the most dramatic, visible tip of a much larger problem that is submerged throughout our nation’s system of death sentencing. That is, many of the very same flaws and factors that have given rise to these highly publicized wrongful convictions also produce a more common kind of miscarriage of justice in capital cases. I refer to death sentences that are meted out to defendants who, although they may be factually guilty of the crimes for which they were placed on trial, are not “death worthy” or “deserving” of the death penalty. This includes the many who, if their cases had been handled properly by competent counsel at the time of trial and adjudicated in a fairer and more just system, would have been sentenced to life instead. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1944&context=ggulrev ) [3091] => Array ( [objectID] => 6880 [title] => When Law and Ethics Collide — Why Physicians Participate in Executions [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/when-law-and-ethics-collide-why-physicians-participate-in-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Evidence from execution logs showed that six of the last eight prisoners executed in California had not stopped breathing before technicians gave the paralytic agent, raising a serious possibility that prisoners experienced suffocation from the paralytic, a feeling much like being buried alive, and felt intense pain from the potassium bolus. This experience would be unacceptable under the Constitution's Eighth Amendment protections against cruel and unusual punishment. So the judge ordered the state to have an anesthesiologist present in the death chamber to determine when the prisoner was unconscious enough for the second and third injections to be given — or to perform the execution with sodium thiopental alone.The California Medical Association, the American Medical Association (AMA), and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) immediately and loudly opposed such physician participation as a clear violation of medical ethics codes. “Physicians are healers, not executioners,” the ASA's president told reporters. Nonetheless, in just two days, prison officials announced that they had found two willing anesthesiologists. The court agreed to maintain their anonymity and to allow them to shield their identities from witnesses. Both withdrew the day before the execution, however, after the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit added a further stipulation requiring them personally to administer additional medication if the prisoner remained conscious or was in pain. This they would not accept. The execution was then postponed until at least May, but the court has continued to require that medical professionals assist with the administration of any lethal injection given to Morales. This turn of events is the culmination of a steady evolution in methods of execution in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp068042 ) [3092] => Array ( [objectID] => 6898 [title] => The Prevalence and Potential Causes of Wrongful Conviction by Fingerprint Evidence. [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-prevalence-and-potential-causes-of-wrongful-conviction-by-fingerprint-evidence/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As the number of post-conviction DNA exonerations mounted and the Innocence Project undertook to treat these exonerations as a data set indicating the principal causes of wrongful conviction, the absence of fingerprint cases in that data set could have been interpreted as soft evidence that latent print evidence was unlikely to contribute to wrongful convictions. That situation changed in 2004 when Stephan Cowans became the first - and thus far the only - person to be exonerated by DNA evidence for a wrongful conviction in which fingerprint evidence was a contributing factor. Cowans's wrongful conviction in Boston in 1997 for the attempted murder of a police officer was based almost solely on eyewitness identification and latent print evidence. The Cowans case not only provided dramatic additional support for the already established proposition that wrongful conviction by fingerprint was possible, it also demonstrated why the exposure of such cases, when they do occur, is exceedingly unlikely. These points have already been made in a comprehensive 2005 study of exposed cases of latent print misattributions. In this article, I discuss some additional things that we have learned about the prevalence and potential causes of wrongful conviction by fingerprint in the short time since the publication of that study. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ggulr37&div=10&id=&page= ) [3093] => Array ( [objectID] => 6908 [title] => WHEN THE FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY IS “CRUEL AND UNUSUAL” [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/when-the-federal-death-penalty-is-cruel-and-unusual/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Recent changes to the way the U.S. Department of Justice decides whether to pursue capital charges have made it more likely that the federal death penalty will be sought in cases in which the criminal conduct occurred within States that do not authorize capital punishment for any crime. As a result, since 2002, five people have been sentenced to death in federal court for conduct that occurred in States that do not authorize the death penalty. This state of affairs is in serious tension with the Eighth Amendment’s proscription against “cruel and unusual punishments.” [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://taft.law.uc.edu/current/experiences/publications/docs/0819manheimer.pdf ) [3094] => Array ( [objectID] => 6911 [title] => STRENGTHENING THE DEFENCE IN DEATH PENALTY CASES IN THE PEOPLE´S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: Empirical Research into the Role of Defence Councils in Criminal Cases Eligible for the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/strengthening-the-defence-in-death-penalty-cases-in-the-peoples-republic-of-china-empirical-research-into-the-role-of-defence-councils-in-criminal-cases-eligible-for-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This project examines the role of defence councils in Chinese criminal proceedings that can end up with the imposition of the death penalty. It aims to review the problems defence lawyers face in such proceedings, the defence strategies they apply and to examine whether the assignment of a defence lawyer makes a difference in the outcome of a criminal trial. Moreover, the project explores what can and should be done to empower defence councils to effectively represent suspects and accused in death penalty eligible cases.The objective of the study is to shed light on the problems experienced by criminal defence councils when defending capital crime cases and to generate information on how death penalty cases are processed through the Chinese system of justice as well as the determinants of the outcomes death penalty eligible criminal cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.mpicc.de/ww/en/pub/forschung/forschungsarbeit/kriminologie/archiv/strengtheningdefence.htm ) [3095] => Array ( [objectID] => 6933 [title] => Fair Trial Rights and Their Relation to the Death Penalty in Africa [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/fair-trial-rights-and-their-relation-to-the-death-penalty-in-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A fair trial is a basic element of the notion of the rule of law, and the principles of ‘due process’ and ‘the rule of law’ are fundamental to the protection of human rights. At the centre of any legal system, therefore, must be a means by which legal rights are asserted and breaches remedied through the process of a fair trial in court, as the law is useless without effective remedies. The fairness of the legal process has a particular significance in criminal cases, as it protects against human rights abuses. Hence, constitutional due process and elementary justice require that the judicial functions of trial and sentencing be conducted with fundamental fairness, especially where the irreversible sanction of the death penalty is involved. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1533808&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0020589300069517 ) [3096] => Array ( [objectID] => 6939 [title] => Is it Time to Kill the Death Penalty?: A View from the Bench and the Bar [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/is-it-time-to-kill-the-death-penalty-a-view-from-the-bench-and-the-bar/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Has the imposition of death improved our stance in this battle for security of our fellow man? Does it have a "sting" in the sense of deterring man from killing men, women and children? Has society been victorious in preventing the killing? The simple answer is that the death penalty in America has done little to deter or prevent those inclined to kill from killing. Another concern is whether our system has terminated the lives of innocent individuals. 3 Under these circumstances, what should we as a society do insofar as our criminal justice system is concerned? In this article I seek to address those questions and ultimately recommend an overhaul in our death penalty approach. Is it time to ... [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&doctype=cite&docid=34+Am.+J.+Crim.+L.+39&key=cf7f3840c5d20c778e4efd8e170e9898 ) [3097] => Array ( [objectID] => 6941 [title] => Death and Deterrence Redux: Science, Law and Causal Reasoning on Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-and-deterrence-redux-science-law-and-causal-reasoning-on-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A recent cohort of studies report deterrent effects of capital punishment that substantially exceed almost all previous estimates of lives saved by execution. Some of the new studies go further to claim that pardons, commutations, and exonerations cause murders to increase, as does trial delay. This putative life-life tradeoff is the basis for claims by legal academics and advocates of a moral imperative to aggressively prosecute capital crimes, brushing off evidentiary doubts as unreasonable cautions that place potential beneficiaries at risk of severe harm. Challenges to this "new deterrence" literature find that the evidence is too unstable and unreliable to support policy choices on capital punishment. This article identifies numerous technical and conceptual errors in the "new deterrence" studies that further erode their reliability: inappropriate methods of statistical analysis, failures to consider several factors such as drug epidemics that drive murder rates, missing data on key variables in key states, the tyranny of a few outlier states and years, weak to non-existent tests of concurrent effects of incarceration, inadequate instruments to disentangle statistical confounding of murder rates with death sentences and other punishments, failure to consider the general performance of the criminal justice system as a competing deterrent, artifactual results from truncated time frames, and the absence of any direct test of the components of contemporary theoretical constructions of deterrence. Re-analysis of one of the data sets shows that even simple adjustments to the data produce contradictory results, while alternate statistical methods produce contrary estimates. But the central mistake in this enterprise is one of causal reasoning: the attempt to draw causal inferences from a flawed and limited set of observational data, the absence of direct tests of the moving parts of the deterrence story, and the failure to address important competing influences on murder. There is no reliable, scientifically sound evidence that pits execution against a robust set of competing explanations to identify whether it exerts a deterrent effect that is uniquely and sufficiently powerful to overwhelm the recurring epidemic cycles of murder. This and other rebukes remind us to invoke tough, neutral social science standards and commonsense causal reasoning before expanding the use of execution with its attendant risks and costs. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=935102## ) [3098] => Array ( [objectID] => 6947 [title] => Japan’s Secretive Death Penalty Policy: Contours, Origins, Justifications, and Meanings [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/japans-secretive-death-penalty-policy-contours-origins-justifications-and-meanings/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The secrecy that surrounds capital punishment in Japan is taken to extremes not seen in other nations. This article describes the Japanese state’s policy of secrecy and explains how it developed in three historical stages: the “birth of secrecy” during the Meiji period (1867 – 1912); the creation and spread of “censored democracy” during the postwar Occupation (1945 – 1952); and the “acceleration of secrecy” during the decades that followed. The article then analyzes several justifications for secrecy that Japanese prosecutors provide. None seems cogent. The final section explores four meanings of the secrecy policy that relate to the sources of death penalty legitimacy, the salience of capital punishment, the nature of Japan’s democracy, and the role and rule of law in Japanese society. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2011/11/APLPJ_07.2_johnson.pdf ) [3099] => Array ( [objectID] => 6966 [title] => Incestuous Rape and the Death Penalty in the Philippines: Psychological and Legal Implications [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/incestuous-rape-and-the-death-penalty-in-the-philippines-psychological-and-legal-implications/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The majority of those on death row in the Philippines have been convicted of rape crimes, including rape of a minor, rape of a family member and other aggravated forms of rape. Looking at incestuous rape in particular, this paper will examine some of the psychological and legal difficulties of imposing the death penalty for such a crime. It will focus on the effects the administration of the death penalty has on the victim and the victim's family, as well as looking at some of the legal, evidential and procedural problems that arise in this jurisdiction's imposition of the death penalty for rape.Despite the continued existence of the death penalty for incestuous rape, the number of reported cases has not diminished. Recognising this, local women's groups in the Philippines have called for the root causes of incest and other forms of violence against women to be addressed rather than imposing the death penalty for rape. This response will also be considered within the broader context of Filipino gender relations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1349153 ) [3100] => Array ( [objectID] => 6970 [title] => A Matter of Life and Death: The Effect of Life Without-Parole Statutes on Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-matter-of-life-and-death-the-effect-of-life-without-parole-statutes-on-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Activists have embraced the life-without-parole alternative because the availability of parole is often a key factor for jurors deciding whether of not to impose a sentence of life or death. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=119+Harv.+L.+Rev.+1838&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=922fb8f7fb25f7424d693f48d961673c ) [3101] => Array ( [objectID] => 6987 [title] => Sources of Variation in Pro-Death Penalty Attitudes in China: An Exploratory Study of Chinese Students at Home and Abroad [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sources-of-variation-in-pro-death-penalty-attitudes-in-china-an-exploratory-study-of-chinese-students-at-home-and-abroad/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper examines Chinese students’ attitudes about the death penalty in contemporary China. Drawing upon Western public opinion research on the death penalty, samples of Chinese college students at home and abroad are used to explore the magnitude of their pro-death penalty attitudes and sources of variation in these opinions. Both groups of Chinese students are found to support the death penalty across different measures of this concept. Several individual and contextual factors are correlated with pro-death penalty attitudes, but the belief in the specific deterrent effect of punishments was the only variable that had a significant net effect on these attitudes in our multivariate analysis. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this study for future research on public opinion about crime and punishment in China. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://bjc.oxfordjournals.org/content/46/1/119.abstract ) [3102] => Array ( [objectID] => 6988 [title] => Taking Capital Punishment Seriously [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/taking-capital-punishment-seriously/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Although Asia is the most important region of the world when it comes to capital punishment, it is also one of the most understudied. This article identifies four research questions that deserve attention from students and scholars who believe taking capital punishment seriously requires studying Asia seriously too. What are the empirical contours of capital punishment in contemporary Asia? What are the histories of capital punishment in Asia? Can Western theories of capital punishment explain patterns and changes in Asia? And what is the future of capital punishment in Asia? If researchers take the trouble to explore these questions, the death penalty will not only become an interesting window into law and society in Asia, but Asia will prove to be an instructive window into the death penalty—the gravest real-life problem in the law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.springerlink.com/content/k38220064kg36501/ ) [3103] => Array ( [objectID] => 7020 [title] => TRANSPARENCY AND THE IMPOSITION OF THE DEATH PENALTY, Report of the Special Rapporteur, Philip Alston [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/transparency-and-the-imposition-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-special-rapporteur-philip-alston/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions analyses a critical area of non-compliance with legal safeguards designed to protect the right to life. It builds upon the proposition that “[c]ountries that have maintained the death penalty are not prohibited by international law from making that choice, but they have a clear obligation to disclose the details of their application of the penalty” (E/CN.4/2005/7, para. 59). The report analyses the legal basis of that transparency obligation and examines case studies that illustrate the major problems that exist in this area. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2006/53/Add.3&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3104] => Array ( [objectID] => 7048 [title] => The question of the death penalty: Report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report contains information covering the period from January 2004 to December 2005. The report indicates that the trend towards abolition of the death penalty continues; this is illustrated, inter alia, by the increase in the number of countries that are completely abolitionist and by the increase in ratifications of international instruments that provide for the abolition of this punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2006/83&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3105] => Array ( [objectID] => 7049 [title] => The question of the death penalty: Report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report contains information covering developments during 2006. The report indicates that the trend towards abolition of the death penalty continues. This is illustrated, inter alia, by the increase in the number of countries that have abolished the death penalty and by the increase in ratifications of international instruments that provide for the abolition of this form of punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/4/78&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3106] => Array ( [objectID] => 7093 [title] => So Long as They Die: Lethal Injections in the United States [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/so-long-as-they-die-lethal-injections-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This 65-page report reveals the slipshod history of executions by lethal injection, using a protocol created three decades ago with no scientific research, nor modern adaptation, and still unchanged today. As the prisoner lies strapped to a gurney, a series of three drugs is injected into his vein by executioners hidden behind a wall. A massive dose of sodium thiopental, an anesthetic, is injected first, followed by pancuronium bromide, which paralyzes voluntary muscles, but leaves the prisoner fully conscious and able to experience pain. A third drug, potassium chloride, quickly causes cardiac arrest, but the drug is so painful that veterinarian guidelines prohibit its use unless a veterinarian first ensures that the pet to be put down is deeply unconscious. No such precaution is taken for prisoners being executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2006/04/23/so-long-they-die ) [3107] => Array ( [objectID] => 7112 [title] => EVALUATING FAIRNESS AND ACCURACY IN STATE DEATH PENALTY SYSTEMS: The Georgia Death Penalty Assessment Report: An Analysis of Georgia’s Death Penalty Laws, Procedures, and Practices [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/evaluating-fairness-and-accuracy-in-state-death-penalty-systems-the-georgia-death-penalty-assessment-report-an-analysis-of-georgias-death-penalty-laws-procedures-and-practices/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To assess fairness and accuracy in Georgia’s death penalty system, the Georgia Death Penalty Assessment Team researched twelve issues: (1) collection, preservation, and testing of DNA and other types of evidence; (2) law enforcement identifications and interrogations; (3) crime laboratories and medical examiner offices; (4) prosecutorial professionalism; (5) defense services; (6) the direct appeal process; (7) state postconviction proceedings; (8) clemency; (9) jury instructions; (10) judicial independence; (11) the treatment of racial and ethnic minorities; and (12) mental retardation and mental illness. The Georgia Death Penalty Assessment Report summarizes the research on each issue and analyzes the level of compliance with the relevant ABA Recommendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abanet.org/moratorium/assessmentproject/georgia/report.pdf ) [3108] => Array ( [objectID] => 7113 [title] => EVALUATING FAIRNESS AND ACCURACY IN STATE DEATH PENALTY SYSTEMS: The Florida Death Penalty Assessment Report: An Analysis of Florida’s Death Penalty Laws, Procedures, and Practices [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/evaluating-fairness-and-accuracy-in-state-death-penalty-systems-the-florida-death-penalty-assessment-report-an-analysis-of-floridas-death-penalty-laws-procedures-and-practices/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To assess fairness and accuracy in Florida’s death penalty system, the Florida Death Penalty Assessment Team researched the twelve issues that the American Bar Association identified as central to the analysis of the fairness and accuracy of a state’s capital punishment system: (1) collection, preservation, and testing of DNA and other types of evidence; (2) law enforcement identifications and interrogations; (3) crime laboratories and medical examiner offices; (4) prosecutorial professionalism; (5) defense services; (6) the direct appeal process; (7) state post-conviction proceedings; (8) clemency; (9) jury instructions; (10) judicial independence; (11) racial and ethnic minorities; and (12) mental retardation and mental illness. The Florida Death Penalty Assessment Report devotes a chapter to each of these issues, which follow a preliminary chapter on Florida death penalty law (for a total of 13 chapters). Each of the issue chapters begins with a discussion of the relevant law and then reaches conclusions about the extent to which the State of Florida complies with the ABA Recommendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abanet.org/moratorium/assessmentproject/florida/report.pdf ) [3109] => Array ( [objectID] => 7114 [title] => EVALUATING FAIRNESS AND ACCURACY IN STATE DEATH PENALTY SYSTEMS: The Arizona Death Penalty Assessment Report: An Analysis of Arizona’s Death Penalty Laws, Procedures, and Practices [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/evaluating-fairness-and-accuracy-in-state-death-penalty-systems-the-arizona-death-penalty-assessment-report-an-analysis-of-arizonas-death-penalty-laws-procedures-and-practices/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To assess fairness and accuracy in Arizona’s death penalty system, the Arizona Death Penalty Assessment Team researched twelve issues: (1) collection, preservation, and testing of DNA and other types of evidence; (2) law enforcement identifications and interrogations; (3) crime laboratories and medical examiner offices; (4) prosecutorial professionalism; (5) defense services; (6) the direct appeal process; (7) state postconviction proceedings; (8) clemency; (9) jury instructions; (10) judicial independence; (11) the treatment of racial and ethnic minorities; and (12) mental retardation and mental illness. The Arizona Death Penalty Assessment Report summarizes the research on each issue and analyzes the State’s level of compliance with the relevant ABA Recommendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abanet.org/moratorium/assessmentproject/arizona/Report.pdf ) [3110] => Array ( [objectID] => 7115 [title] => EVALUATING FAIRNESS AND ACCURACY IN STATE DEATH PENALTY SYSTEMS: The Alabama Death Penalty Assessment Report: An Analysis of Alabama’s Death Penalty Laws, Procedures, and Practices [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/evaluating-fairness-and-accuracy-in-state-death-penalty-systems-the-alabama-death-penalty-assessment-report-an-analysis-of-alabamas-death-penalty-laws-procedures-and-practices/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To assess fairness and accuracy in Alabama’s death penalty system, the Alabama Death Penalty Assessment Team researched twelve issues: (1) collection, preservation, and testing of DNA and other types of evidence; (2) law enforcement identifications and interrogations; (3) crime laboratories and medical examiner offices; (4) prosecutorial professionalism; (5) defense services; (6) the direct appeal process; (7) state postconviction proceedings; (8) clemency; (9) jury instructions; (10) judicial independence; (11) the treatment of racial and ethnic minorities; and (12) mental retardation and mental illness. The Alabama Death Penalty Assessment Report summarizes the research on each issue and analyzes the level of compliance with the relevant ABA Recommendations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.abanet.org/moratorium/assessmentproject/alabama/report.pdf ) [3111] => Array ( [objectID] => 7128 [title] => THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2005 (AND THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF 2006) [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-of-2005-and-the-first-six-months-of-2006/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The worldwide situation to date: The worldwide trend towards abolition, underway for at least a decade, was again confirmed in 2005 and the first half of 2006. There are currently 142 countries that to different extents have decided to renounce the death penalty. Of these: 90 are totally abolitionist; 10 are abolitionist for ordinary crimes; 1 (Russia) is committed to abolishing the death penalty as a member of the Council of Europe and currently observing a moratorium on executions; 5 have a moratorium on executions in place and 37 are de facto abolitionist (i.e. no executions have taken place in those countries for at least ten years). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=8000647 ) [3112] => Array ( [objectID] => 7133 [title] => USA: The execution of mentally ill offenders [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/usa-the-execution-of-mentally-ill-offenders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => More than 1,000 men and women have been put to death in the USA since executions resumed there in 1977. Dozens of these people had histories of mental impairment, either from before the crimes for which they were sentenced, or at the time of their execution. The report discusses many cases and includes an illustrative list of 100 people. It does not attempt to answer the complex question of precisely which defendants should be exempt from the death penalty on the grounds of mental illness at the time of the crime. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/003/2006/en/73c0b3fe-d46f-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/amr510032006en.pdf ) [3113] => Array ( [objectID] => 7140 [title] => Commonwealth of Independent States: Positive trend on the abolition of the death penalty but more needs to be done [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/commonwealth-of-independent-states-positive-trend-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-but-more-needs-to-be-done/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 28 November the meeting of the heads of the states in the Commonwealth of Independent States takes place in Minsk, Belarus. On the eve of the meeting Amnesty International calls on the heads of CIS states to put the issue of the abolition of the death penalty high on their agenda and to do all within their power to make the region a death penalty-free zone. Amnesty international is concerned that the conditions on death row in the region fall far short of international standards. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR04/003/2006/en/3c44c466-d3d4-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/eur040032006en.pdf ) [3114] => Array ( [objectID] => 7152 [title] => Death penalty developments in 2005 [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-penalty-developments-in-2005/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document covers significant events concerning the death penalty during the year 2005. Two countries abolished the death penalty for all crimes, bringing to 86 the number of totally abolitionist countries at year end. Moratoria or suspensions of executions were being observed in several countries. At least 2,148 people were executed in 22 countries, and at least 5,186 were sentenced to death in 53 countries. Eight child offenders were executed in Iran. Other sections include significant judicial decisions; the use of the death penalty against child offenders and resumptions of executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/005/2006/en/801f38b8-d443-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/act500052006en.pdf ) [3115] => Array ( [objectID] => 7165 [title] => Pakistan: Death Penalty Action on Pakistan [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pakistan-death-penalty-action-on-pakistan/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Amnesty International has received reports from contacts in Pakistan that there has recently been an increase in executions in Pakistan: 60 people have been executed this year in the province of Punjab alone. In addition, 10 executions are known to have taken place in the North-West Frontier Province. There are continuing concerns around the application of the death penalty in Pakistan including the execution of juveniles. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA33/045/2006/en/88234300-d3e0-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/asa330452006en.pdf ) [3116] => Array ( [objectID] => 7181 [title] => USA: More about politics than child protection: The death penalty for sex crimes against children [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/usa-more-about-politics-than-child-protection-the-death-penalty-for-sex-crimes-against-children/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On 8 June, the Governor of South Carolina signed a bill allowing the death penalty for a person convicted for a second time of sex crimes against children under the age of 11 and a day later, the Governor of Oklahoma signed a similar bill. Amnesty International urges all legislative, executive and judicial authorities in the United States to meet their human rights obligations by not permitting any expansion of the death penalty to non-lethal crimes such as sexual assault. The organization renews its call for a total moratorium on executions in the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/094/2006/en/98edb242-d41c-11dd-8743-d305bea2b2c7/amr510942006en.pdf ) [3117] => Array ( [objectID] => 7200 [title] => The Death Penalty in Taiwan: Towards Abolition? [timestamp] => 1136073600 [date] => 01/01/2006 [annee] => 2006 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-taiwan-towards-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report highlights serious concerns regarding the conditions of detention of prisoners in Taiwan. Although there has been some improvement in conditions in recent years, FIDH and TAEDP report severe problems of overcrowding and inadequate medical treatment for prisoners, requiring urgent attention. In addition, the mission found that the use of shackles, in violation of international standards, is widespread. Prisoners, in particular those on death row, regularly have their legs chained together for 24 hours per day, in violation of the prohibition against cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. Despite recent reforms to the criminal justice system, FIDH and TAEDP found that serious failings continue to lead to miscarriages of justice. The report highlights persistent problems including discrimination, limited access to legal representation, piecemeal and only partially implemented reforms and unsatisfactory appeals procedures. FIDH and TAEDP found that training and supervision for actors within the system, including police, is grossly inadequate, leading to failures in the collection and preservation of evidence, whilst prosecutors and judges are inclined to “rubber stamp” police findings. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/tw450a.pdf ) [3118] => Array ( [objectID] => 25578 [title] => Intiatives World Day 2005 [timestamp] => 1128902400 [date] => 10/10/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/intiatives-world-day-2005/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Intiatives World Day 2005 [texte] => F r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 5WORLDDAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY10 OCTOBERF r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 5From October 10, 2003...• 184 initiatives in 68 countries• The support of the European Union, Canada and Mexico• A petition and portraits of abolitionists... To October 10, 2004• Official launch at the time of the 2nd World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Montreal• 215 initiatives in 24 countriesI n t r o d u c t i o nC o n t e n t s3 C o a l i t i o nA brief description of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty,its creation, its members, its objectives and its actions.4 O f f i c i a l D e c l a r a t i o n sAs of the 2003 event, the major abolitionist States supported theWorld Day and published official statements through their ForeignAffairs Ministers.6 I n i t i a t i v e s 2 0 0 3 a n d 2 0 0 4Hundreds of initiatives made World Day a success.1 4 P o r t r a i t sPortraits of notable figures in the fight against the death penaltywere created by the World Coalition to be sent out to the media.Objective October 10, 2005After the 2003 and 2004 editions, the 2005 edition of World Day will be placed under two signs:an original poster will show that universal abolition of the death penalty is under way. Every year,new countries stop executing prisoners condemned to death and abolish capital punishment.World Day should contribute to this universal awareness.This year, Africa will concentrate itsabolitionist efforts: a petition addressedto heads of African countries that havenot had executions for more than 10years, to encourage them to abolish thedeath penalty permanently; lobbyingapproaches with African institutions;support of African national coalitions.But World Day is also hundreds ofinitiatives, in the most countries possible!Debates, concerts, demonstrations,press releases, and exhibitions, thoughtheir diversity, also give a universaldimension to World Day. Meeting of allabolitionists October 10, 2005.Contactcoalition@abolition.fr10 OCTOBER 2005WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY[[•Call to local initiatives all over the world to say NO to the death penalty•African Campaign: petition, portraits, local initiatives...www.worldcoalition.orgSince the 1980s, the numberof countries that abolish the deathpenalty has increased continuously.Let’s argue for universal abolition!Number of countries having abolishedthe death penalty for all crimes.1 2 3 3 3 6 6 8 8 8 8 132317861786Tuscany18801890190019101920193019401950196019701980199020002004467584TowardUniversalAbolition!Organized byFind the World Coalition atWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATHThe Coalition invites you to address the petition (opposite) to the heads of the 20 countrieswhich, as of 2005, have not executed prisoners condemned to death for 10 years: Algeria,Benin, Burkina-Faso, Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi,Maldives, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, Central African Republic, Swaziland, Tanzania,Togo, Tunisia.In 2003, the Coalition launched a petition, circulated on its Internet sitewww.worldcoalition.org and taken up by numerous citizens in the demonstrationsorganized on October 10.F r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 5P e t i t i o n 2 0 0 3APPEAL FOR THE ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN AFRICAAddressed to the African Heads of State and GovernmentAfrica is on its way to universal abolition of the death penalty.Of the 53 countries on the continent, 11 have permanently abolishedthe death penalty, and 20 other countries have not executed anyonefor more than 10 years. Thus a majority of African countries haveabandoned using this cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment.We call upon you to make every effort to extend abolition of the deathpenalty to the whole continent, by supporting an immediate endto the few executions still practised and the commutation of all deathsentences, by securing the abolition of the death penalty under nationallegislation, by ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights and by furthering and supportinginitiatives in this direction by the African Union and the United Nations.Following the example of values espoused by Nelson Mandela,of the Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwandaand the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone which excludecapital punishment for perpetrators of the most serious crimes andremembering that several African countries have never appliedthe death penalty, we believe that the moment has come for allof Africa to incorporate the right to life in national penal codesby abolishing the death penalty.We call upon you to respond to this appeal delivered on the occasion ofthe World Day against the death penalty, October 10 2005.37,478 people (8,458 from theCoalition’s website) signed thepetition. In January 2004, theCoalition addressed the report onthis collection of signatures in aletter to the Heads of State of thecountries that execute the mostpeople condemned to death(China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and theUnited States).Certain figures, like the Ministersof the Belgian government andthe members of the InternationalFilm Festival of Roche-sur-Yon(France) signed the petition.10 OCTOBER 2005WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY[[www.worldcoalition.orgOrganized byALGERIATUNISIALIBYACHADBENINTOGOGHANACAMEROONBURKINAFASOCOTED’IVOIREGABONGAMBIAMAURITANIAABOLISHEDSENEGAL MALIGUINEASIERRA LEONELIBERIAEQ. GUINEAGUINEA BISSAUANGOLAZAMBIADEMOCRATICREPUBLIC OFTHE CONGOSOUTHAFRICABOTSWANANAMIBIANIGERNIGERIALESOTHOSWAZILANDBURUNDIUGANDARWANDATANZANIACONGOCENTRALAFRICANREPUBLIC MALAWIMOZAMBIQUEZIMBABWEMADAGASCARKENYADJIBOUTIERITREASUDANSOMALIAETHIOPIAEGYPTMOROCCOMORATORIUMMAINTAINED•To this day, 11 African countries have abolished the death penalty and 21 still keepit. Between the two, 20 African countries have not executed someone condemnedto death for more than 10 years. The World Coalition against the death penaltydecided to devote World Day 2005 to a campaign to encourage these countriesto capital punishment permanently.•Support abolition in Africa: petition, portraits, local initiatives...WORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYThe World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has called onlocal organizations to make World Day a truly become aninternational event made up of thousands of initiatives.In 63 countries, 188 initiatives were organized on October 10,2003 to say NO to the death penalty. On 5 continents, and inmany countries that still have capital punishment, citizensprotested, together to say NO to the death penalty.During the October 10th 2004 edition, 215 initiatives were putinto place in 24 countries. The members of the World Coalitionalso took an active part in the 2nd World Congress against thedeath penalty held in Montreal from the 6th to the 9th ofOctober.E d i t i o n 2 0 0 3• Throughout the World VideoThe Local Italian Culture Institute showed, on October 10, 2003,the video “It is Not Worth It” (produced by the Tuscan Region,this video tells the story of 6 death row inmates in Japan, China,Uganda, Iran, the United States, and Cuba) in 15 countries, inaddition to those cited below: Albania, Croatia, South Africa,Australia, Holland, Yugoslavia, Malta, Finland, Mexico, Peru,Lebanon, Spain, Brazil, Turkey and Syria.F r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 5I n i t i a t i v e sA F R I C AE d i t i o n 2 0 0 3• South Africa University of Witwatersrand Debate TheUniversity of Witwatersrand and Amnesty International SouthAfrica held a debate with Stephen Langtry (AI), Robert McBride,former prisoner on death row in South Africa, Ebrahim Patel, arepresentative of the South African Muslim Theologians, andAnchen Dreyer, a member of the provincial legislature in Gautengfor the opposition party, and the Democratic Alliance, with GeorgeBizos (who formed part of the legal defense team for NelsonMandela, and served on other lawsuits in Rivonia in 1963).• Benin Media Amnesty International Benin published a pressrelease in two daily newspapers and gave interviews on thenational televisions station (ORTB), GOLF-TV, and Radio GOLF-FM. A televised debate took place on the need to abolish thedeath penalty on October 14 on Television LC2.• Burundi Media Along with PRI, the production studio“IJAMBO” and Radio “Isangarino” produced and developedradio broadcasts against the death penalty. An on-line debateaccompanied the production.• Cameroon Bafia Media Studio Posts National CRTV, LPSTUDIO 1634, Yaounde, and principal media of the country. TheACAT Bafia, the local antenna of ACAT Cameroon, conducted adebate with the Cameroon Radio and Television (CRTV)audience, and intervened in the media to require the Cameroongovernment to take a clear position against the death penalty.• Cameroon Bafia Debate Conference discussed “TheQuestion of the Death Penalty: Current and Future Positions”,with Abbot Gregoire Mekomou, Vicar with the Cathedral ofGodou, Reverend Pastor Benjamin Biroung, Ekabena Florida,magistrate, and Nzhie Ndtungu Léonard William, coordinator ofACAT Bafia.• Cameroon Bafia Celebration Ecumenical celebration in thepresence of locally elected individuals, the “leaders of opinion”,church leaders, Christian movements, teachers and membersof the administration.Amnesty InternationalTanzania organized a conferenceand a demonstrationin Dar Es Salaam.• Congo Kinshasa Debate In Notre Dame cathedral, more than50 people from the Tanzania Human Rights organization ofAmnesty International organized a conference and a protest atDar Es Salaam; the magistrates and the armed forces of theDemocratic Republic of Congo debated on “The Problem of theDeath Penalty in the Democratic Republic of Congo”.•Congo Kisangani Lobbying, Visiting those condemned to deathThe members of ACAT, Kisangani, sent a message to the politicaladministrative authorities and to the soldiers against the deathpenalty. South- [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => file:///C:/Users/Ordi/Downloads/Initiatives-JM2005-EN.pdf ) [3119] => Array ( [objectID] => 25583 [title] => Italian Poster 2005 [timestamp] => 1128902400 [date] => 10/10/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-poster-2005/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Italian Poster 2005 [texte] => 10 OTTOBRE 2005GIORNATA MONDIALECONTRO LA PENA DI MORTE[[Organizzata dallaALGERIATUNISIALIBIACIADBENINTOGOGHANASAO TOMEE PRINCIPECAMERUNBURKINAFASOCOSTAD’AVORIOGABONGAMBIACAPO VERDEMAURITANIAABOLITASENEGAL MALIGUINEASIERRA LEONELIBERIAGUINEA BISSAUANGOLAZAMBIAREPUBBLICADEMOCRATICADEL CONGOSUDAFRICABOTSWANANAMIBIANIGERNIGERIALESOTHOSWAZILANDBURUNDIUGANDARUANDATANZANIACONGOREPUBBLICACENTRAFRICANAMALAWI MAURITIUSSEYCHELLESCOMOROSMOZAMBICOZIMBABWEMADAGASCARKENYADJIBOUTIERITREASUDANSOMALIAETIOPIAEGITTOMAROCCOMORATORIA*IN VIGORE•Ad oggi, 12 stati africani hanno abolito la pena di morte per tutti i reati.In 20 stati la pena di morte rimane in vigore ma non si registrano più esecuzioni,mentre è prevista e tuttora praticata in altri 21 stati. La Coalizione Mondiale contro la penadi morte ha deciso di dedicare la Giornata Mondiale 2005 ad una campagna che solleciti tuttigli stati africani ad abolire definitivamente questa punizione.•Sostenete l’abolizione in Africa: petizione, ritratti, iniziative locali* “Moratoria” si riferisce a quegli stati che mantengono la pena di morte per leggema che attualmente non effettuano esecuzioni.COALIZIONEMONDIALECONTRO LA PENA DI MORTEGUINEA EQ.Visita il sito della Coalizione Mondiale:www.worldcoalition.org10 OTTOBRE 2005GIORNATA MONDIALECONTRO LA PENA DI MORTE[[•Invito ad organizzare iniziative locali in tutto il mondo per dire NO alla pena di morte•Campagna Africa: petizione, ritratti, iniziative locali…Numero di stati che hanno abolito definitivamentela pena di morte per tutti i reatial termine dell’anno indicato (escluso il 2005)Fonte: Amnesty International1 3 3 3 6 6 8 8 8 8 13231863 Venezuela18801890190019101920193019401950196019701980199020002004467584200585Verso l’abolizioneuniversale!Organizzata dallaCOALIZIONEMONDIALECONTRO LA PENA DI MORTEVisita il sito della Coalizione Mondiale:www.worldcoalition.orgDal 1970 il numero degli statiche hanno abolito la pena di morteè aumentato progressivamente.Impegniamoci per l’abolizioneuniversale!10 OTTOBRE 2005GIORNATA MONDIALECONTRO LA PENA DI MORTE[[•Invito ad organizzare iniziative locali per dire NO alla pena di morte•Campagna Africa: petizione, ritratti, iniziative localiNumero di stati che hanno abolitodefinitivamente la pena di morte per tutti i reatial termine dell’anno indicatoFonte: Amnesty InternationalOrganizzata dallaCOALIZIONEMONDIALECONTRO LA PENA DI MORTEVisita il sito della Coalizione Mondiale:www.worldcoalition.orgDal 1990 il numero degli stati africaniche hanno abolito la pena di morteè aumentato progressivamente.Impegniamoci per l’abolizione in Africa!1 Capo VerdeMozambicoNamibiaSao Tome e PrincipeAngolaSeychellesGuinea BissauDjiboutiMauritiusSudafricaCostad’AvorioSenegal1981 1990 1992 1993 1995 1997 2000 2004Versol'abolizione in Africa!4 5 7 9 10 11 12 [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => file:///C:/Users/Ordi/Downloads/Affiche-JM2005-ITA.pdf ) [3120] => Array ( [objectID] => 25261 [title] => Poster World Day 2005 [timestamp] => 1128902400 [date] => 10/10/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-2005/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => To date, 12 African countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes;20 retain the death penalty but are no longer carrying out executions; and 21 retain and usethe death penalty. The World Coalition against the death penalty has decided to devote theWorld Day 2005 to a campaign to encourage all African countries to abolish capitalpunishment permanently. [texte] => 10 OCTOBER 2005WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY[[Organized byALGERIATUNISIALIBYACHADBENINTOGOGHANASAO TOMEAND PRINCIPECAMEROONBURKINAFASOCOTED’IVOIREGABONGAMBIACAPE VERDEMAURITANIAABOLISHEDSENEGAL MALIGUINEASIERRA LEONELIBERIAGUINEA BISSAUANGOLAZAMBIADEMOCRATICREPUBLIC OFTHE CONGOSOUTHAFRICABOTSWANANAMIBIANIGERNIGERIALESOTHOSWAZILANDBURUNDIUGANDARWANDATANZANIACONGOCENTRALAFRICANREPUBLICMALAWI MAURITIUSSEYCHELLESCOMOROSMOZAMBIQUEZIMBABWEMADAGASCARKENYADJIBOUTIERITREASUDANSOMALIAETHIOPIAEGYPTMOROCCOMORATORIUM*RETAINED•To date, 12 African countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes;20 retain the death penalty but are no longer carrying out executions; and 21 retain and usethe death penalty. The World Coalition against the death penalty has decided to devote theWorld Day 2005 to a campaign to encourage all African countries to abolish capitalpunishment permanently.•Support abolition in Africa: petition, portraits, local initiatives...* “Moratorium” refers to countries that retain the death penalty in lawbut are not currently carrying out executions.WORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYEQ. GUINEAFind the World Coalition atwww.worldcoalition.org10 OCTOBER 2005WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY[[•Call for local initiatives to say NO to the death penalty•African Campaign: petition, portraits, local initiatives...Number of countries having abolishedthe death penalty permanently for all crimesat the end of the year shownSource: Amnesty International.Organized byWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYFind the World Coalition atwww.worldcoalition.orgSince 1990 the number of African countriesthat have abolished the death penalty hasincreased dramatically.Let's work for abolition in Africa!1 Cape VerdeMozambiqueNamibiaSao Tome & PrincipeAngolaSeychellesGuinea BissauDjiboutiMauritiusSouth AfricaCote d’IvoireSenegal1981 1990 1992 1993 1995 1997 2000 2004Towardsabolition in Africa!4 5 7 9 10 11 1210 OCTOBER 2005WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY[[•Call for local initiatives all over the world to say NO to the death penalty•African Campaign: petition, portraits, local initiatives...Number of countries having abolishedthe death penalty permanently for all crimesat the end of the year shown (except for 2005)Source: Amnesty International.1 3 3 3 6 6 8 8 8 8 13231863 Venezuela18801890190019101920193019401950196019701980199020002004467584200585Toward UniversalAbolition!Organized byWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYFind the World Coalition atwww.worldcoalition.orgSince 1970 the number of countriesthat have abolished the death penaltyhas increased dramatically.Let's work for universal abolition! [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Affiche-JM2005-EN.pdf ) [3121] => Array ( [objectID] => 6079 [title] => New claims about executions and general deterrence: déjà vu all over again? [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/new-claims-about-executions-and-general-deterrence-deja-vu-all-over-again/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A number of papers have recently appeared claiming to show that in the United States executions deter serious crime. There are many statistical problems with the data analyses reported. This article addresses the problem of “influence,” which occurs when a very small and atypical fraction of the data dominate the statistical results. The number of executions by state and year is the key explanatory variable, and most states in most years execute no one. A very few states in particular years execute more than five individuals. Such values represent about 1 percent of the available observations. Reanalyses of the existing data are presented showing that claims of deterrence are a statistical artifact of this anomalous 1 percent. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1740-1461.2005.00052.x/abstract ) [3122] => Array ( [objectID] => 6125 [title] => Pierrepoint: The Last Hangman [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/pierrepoint-the-last-hangman/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Motion picture on the life and times of Albert Pierrepoint - Britain's most prolific hangman. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFTG3wtKSxw ) [3123] => Array ( [objectID] => 6392 [title] => Freedom Inside The Walls [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/freedom-inside-the-walls/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Shot in Benin, Kenya and Malawi ‘Freedom Inside These Walls’ provides disturbing footage of prison conditions inside these countries, which are common to many other prisons in Africa. It highlights the challenges in accessing justice faced by poor people in conflict with the law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Arguments against the death penalty ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/resource/freedom-walls/ ) [3124] => Array ( [objectID] => 6769 [title] => Mercy on Trial: What It Means to Stop an Execution [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mercy-on-trial-what-it-means-to-stop-an-execution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this compelling and timely work, Austin Sarat provides the first book-length work on executive clemency. He turns our focus from questions of guilt and innocence to the very meaning of mercy. Starting from Ryan's controversial decision, Mercy on Trial uses the lens of executive clemency in capital cases to discuss the fraught condition of mercy in American political life. Most pointedly, Sarat argues that mercy itself is on trial. Although it has always had a problematic position as a form of "lawful lawlessness," it has come under much more intense popular pressure and criticism in recent decades. This has yielded a radical decline in the use of the power of chief executives to stop executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Mercy-Trial-What-Means-Execution/dp/0691121400 ) [3125] => Array ( [objectID] => 6771 [title] => The Death of Innocents: An Eyewitness Account of Wrongful Executions [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-of-innocents-an-eyewitness-account-of-wrongful-executions/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => She tells the story of two inmates she came to know as a spiritual adviser. Dobie Williams, a poor black man with an IQ of 65 from rural Louisiana, was executed after being represented by incompetent counsel and found guilty by an all-white jury based mostly on conjecture and speculation. Joseph O'Dell was convicted of murder after the court heard from an inmate who later admitted to giving false testimony for his own benefit. O'Dell received neither an evidentiary hearing nor potentially exculpatory DNA testing and was executed, insisting on his innocence the whole while. Besides exploring the shaky cases against them, Prejean describes in vivid detail the thoughts and feelings of Williams and O'Dell as their bids for clemency fail and they are put to death. The second part of the book details "the machinery of death," the legal process that Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun, dismayed at the inequities of the death penalty, cited as his reason for resigning and that current justice Antonin Scalia has boasted of being a part of. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Death-Innocents-Eyewitness-Wrongful-Executions/dp/0679759484/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1291111734&sr=8-1-catcorr ) [3126] => Array ( [objectID] => 6772 [title] => Murdering Myths: The Story Behind the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/murdering-myths-the-story-behind-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Murdering Myths: The Story Behind the Death Penalty, Judith Kay goes beyond the hype and statistics to examine Americans’ deep-seated beliefs about crime and punishment. She argues that Americans share a counter-productive idea of justice--that punishment corrects bad behavior, suffering pays for wrong deeds, and victims’ desire for revenge is natural and inevitable. Drawing on interviews with both victims and inmates, Kay shows how this belief harms perpetrators, victims, and society and calls for a new narrative that recognizes the humanity in all of us. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Murdering-Myths-Penalty-Polemics-Littlefield/dp/0742523365/ref=tmm_pap_title_0 ) [3127] => Array ( [objectID] => 6773 [title] => Death by Design: Capital Punishment As a Social Psychological System [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-by-design-capital-punishment-as-a-social-psychological-system/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In Death by Design, research psychologist Craig Haney argues that capital punishment, and particularly the sequence of events that lead to death sentencing itself, is maintained through a complex and elaborate social psychological system that distance and disengage us from the true nature of the task. Relying heavily on his own research and that of other social scientists, Haney suggests that these social psychological forces enable persons to engage in behavior from which many of them otherwise would refrain. However, by facilitating death sentencing in these ways, this inter-related set of social psychological forces also undermines the reliability and authenticity of the process, and compromises the fairness of its outcomes. Because these social psychological forces are systemic in nature --built into the very system of death sentencing itself --Haney concludes by suggesting a number of inter-locking reforms, derived directly from empirical research on capital punishment, that are needed to increase the fairness and reliability of the process. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Death-Design-Punishment-Psychological-Psychology-Law/dp/0195182405 ) [3128] => Array ( [objectID] => 6783 [title] => The cultural lives of capital punishment: comparative perspectives [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-cultural-lives-of-capital-punishment-comparative-perspectives/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => They undertake this “cultural voyage” comparatively—examining the dynamics of the death penalty in Mexico, the United States, Poland, Kyrgyzstan, India, Israel, Palestine, Japan, China, Singapore, and South Korea—arguing that we need to look beyond the United States to see how capital punishment “lives” or “dies” in the rest of the world, how images of state killing are produced and consumed elsewhere, and how they are reflected, back and forth, in the emerging international judicial and political discourse on the penalty of death and its abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Cultural-Lives-Capital-Punishment-Perspectives/dp/0804752346#reader_0804752346 ) [3129] => Array ( [objectID] => 6802 [title] => Executing The Innocent and Support for Capital Punishment: Implications for Public Policy [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executing-the-innocent-and-support-for-capital-punishment-implications-for-public-policy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The issue of whether innocent people have been executed is now at the center of the debate concerning the legitimacy of capital punishment. The purpose of this research was to use data collected by the Gallup Organization in 2003 to investigate whether Americans who believed that an innocent person had been executed were less likely to support capital punishment. We also explored whether the association varied by race, given that African Americans are disproportionately affected by the death penalty. Our results indicated that three-quarters of Americans believed that an innocent person had been executed for a crime they did not commit within the last five years and that this belief was associated with lower levels of support for capital punishment, especially among those who thought this sanction was applied unfairly. In addition, our analyses revealed that believing an innocent person had been executed had a stronger association with altering African American than white support for the death penalty.A key claim of death penalty advocates is that a high proportion of the public supports capital punishment. In this context, scholars opposing this sanction have understood the importance of showing that the public's support for executing offenders is contingent and shallower than portrayed by typical opinion polls. The current research joins this effort by arguing that the prospect of executing innocents potentially impacts public support for the death penalty and, in the least, creates ideological space for a reconsideration of the legitimacy of capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2005.00002.x/abstract ) [3130] => Array ( [objectID] => 6814 [title] => Innocence, Error, and the ‘New Abolitionism’: A Commentary [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/innocence-error-and-the-new-abolitionism-a-commentary/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => If statistics are any indication, the system may well be allowing some innocent defendants to be executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2005.00004.x/references ) [3131] => Array ( [objectID] => 6833 [title] => Up the River Without a Procedure: Innocent Prisoners and Newly Discovered Non-DNA Evidence in State Courts. [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/up-the-river-without-a-procedure-innocent-prisoners-and-newly-discovered-non-dna-evidence-in-state-courts/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Article aims to provide an examination: An analysis of the state procedures that prisoners may employ after trial to litigate innocence claims grounded on newly discovered non-DNA evidence. Ultimately, the result of this examination is far from sanguine. Little-altered in decades beyond the trend toward recognizing the benefits of DNA testing, the structure of most state procedures means that a prisoner’s quest for justice may turn on the fortuity that a biological sample was left at the crime scene and preserved over time. The fact that DNA testing provides a modicum of certainty to an innocence claim does not imply that claims lacking the possibility of such certainty are spurious; on the contrary, DNA has unearthed holes in the criminal justice system, holes that are likely also prevalent in cases without biological evidence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=833344 ) [3132] => Array ( [objectID] => 6849 [title] => Rethinking the Study of Miscarriages of Justice: Developing a Criminology of Wrongful Conviction [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/rethinking-the-study-of-miscarriages-of-justice-developing-a-criminology-of-wrongful-conviction/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article provides a brief history of the study of miscarriages of justice in America. It analyzes the field of wrongful conviction scholarship as three distinct genres: the big-picture studies, the specialized-causes literature, and the true-crime genre. It also analyzes what these literatures have contributed to knowledge about miscarriages as well as their limitations. This article attempts to rethink the study of miscarriages of justice to systematically develop a more sophisticated, insightful, and generalizable criminology of wrongful conviction. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://ccj.sagepub.com/content/21/3/201.short ) [3133] => Array ( [objectID] => 6866 [title] => Too Late for Luck: A Comparison of Post-Furman Exonerations and Executions of the Innocent [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/too-late-for-luck-a-comparison-of-post-furman-exonerations-and-executions-of-the-innocent/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study is a quantitative analysis designed to compare two groups of factually innocent capital defendants: Those who were exonerated and those who were executed. There are a total of 97 cases in the sample, including 81 exonerations and 16 executions. The primary objective of the authors is to identify factors that may predict case outcomes among capital defendants with strong claims of factual innocence. Through the use of a logistic regression model, the following variables were significant predictors of case outcome (exoneration vs. execution): allegations of perjury, multiple types of evidence, prior felony record, type of attorney at trial, and race of the defendant. These results point toward significant problems with the administration of capital punishment deriving primarily from the quality of the case record created at trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://cad.sagepub.com/content/51/4/498.abstract ) [3134] => Array ( [objectID] => 6876 [title] => Exonerations in the United States 1989 Through 2003 [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/exonerations-in-the-united-states-1989-through-2003/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this paper we use reported exonerations as a window on false convictions generally. We can't come close to estimating the number of false convictions that occur in the United States, but the accumulating mass of exonerations gives us a glimpse of what we're missing. We located 340 individual exonerations from 1989 through 2003, not counting at least 135 innocent defendants in at least two mass exonerations, and not counting more than 70 defendants convicted in a series of childcare sex abuse prosecutions, most of whom were probably innocent. Almost all the individual exonerations that we know about are clustered in the two most serious common felonies: rape and murder. They are surrounded by widening circles of categories of cases that include false convictions that are rarely detected, if ever: rape convictions that have not been reexamined with DNA evidence; robberies, for which DNA identification is useless; murder cases that are ignored because the defendants were not sentenced to death; assault and drug convictions that are forgotten entirely; misdemeanor convictions that aren't even part of the picture. Judging from our data, any plausible guess at the total number of miscarriages of justice in America in the last fifteen years must run to the thousands, perhaps tens of thousands, in felony cases alone. We can, however, see some clear patterns in those false convictions that have come to light. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=753084 ) [3135] => Array ( [objectID] => 6934 [title] => Breaking new ground: The need for a protocol to the African Charter on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/breaking-new-ground-the-need-for-a-protocol-to-the-african-charter-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The question addressed in this article is whether there is need for a protocol on the abolition of the death penalty in Africa. The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (African Charter)2 makes no mention of the death penalty or the need to abolish it.3 Further, only six African states have ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. Since the protocol would, most likely, take into consideration the unique problems of the continent, it stands a better chance of effectively supplementing the provisions of the African Charter than the Second Optional Protocol. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.chr.up.ac.za/images/files/publications/ahrlj/ahrlj_vol05_no1_2005.pdf ) [3136] => Array ( [objectID] => 6935 [title] => Initiating Constructive Debate: A Critical Reflection on the Death Penalty in Africa [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/initiating-constructive-debate-a-critical-reflection-on-the-death-penalty-in-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article aims to show that there is a need for constructive debate on the death penalty in Africa. Considering that the African Commission is encouraging such a debate, the article begins with an examination of its stance on the subject. This is followed by a brief evaluation of the use of the death penalty in Africa, highlighting some areas of concern. The death penalty is then considered from a human rights perspective, focusing mainly on the possibility of relying on constitutional provisions on the right to life and the prohibition of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment to challenge the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://content.ajarchive.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/00104051&CISOPTR=55&REC=3 ) [3137] => Array ( [objectID] => 6940 [title] => Uses and Abuses of Empirical Evidence in the Death Penalty Debate [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uses-and-abuses-of-empirical-evidence-in-the-death-penalty-debate/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Over much of the last half-century, the legal and political history of the death penalty in the United States has closely paralleled the debate within social science about its efficacy as a deterrent. The injection of Ehrlich's conclusions into the legal and public policy arenas, coupled with the academic debate over Ehrlich's methods, led the National Academy of Sciences to issue a 1978 report which argued that the existing evidence in support of a deterrent effect of capital punishment was unpersuasive. Over the next two decades, as a series of academic papers continued to debate the deterrence question, the number of executions gradually increased, albeit to levels much lower than those seen in the first half of the twentieth century [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.stanfordlawreview.org/sites/default/files/articles/donohue_0.pdf ) [3138] => Array ( [objectID] => 6946 [title] => New Claims about Executions and General Deterrence: Déjà Vu All Over Again? [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/new-claims-about-executions-and-general-deterrence-deja-vu-all-over-again-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A number of papers have recently appeared claiming to show that in the United States executions deter serious crime. There are many statistical problems with the data analyses reported. This paper addresses the problem of “influence,” which occurs when a very small and atypical fraction of the data dominate the statistical results. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.google.fr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CDAQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F227498000_New_Claims_about_Executions_and_General_Deterrence_Dj_Vu_All_Over_Again%2Flinks%2F00463527a872b65d33000000&ei=N89gVOntGYzraPKygZgJ&usg=AFQjCNGelKyLqLNtQVGJvavrNpGu1j2j8g&bvm=bv.79189006,d.d2s ) [3139] => Array ( [objectID] => 6951 [title] => ON REDUCING WHITE SUPPORT FOR THE DEATH PENALTY: A PESSIMISTIC APPRAISAL [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/on-reducing-white-support-for-the-death-penalty-a-pessimistic-appraisal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As Soss et al. (2003) point out, whites are the most influential racial groupand support the death penalty much more than blacks do. In the 2002GSS, 69.8% of whites favored the death penalty, compared with only42.1% of blacks. If white support for the death penalty was as low as blacksupport, it would be much more difficult for the Supreme Court to believethat “evolving standards of decency” had not evolved against capitalpunishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hawaii.edu/hivandaids/On_Reducing_White_Support_for_The_Death_Penalty__A_Pessimistic_Appraisal.pdf ) [3140] => Array ( [objectID] => 6957 [title] => The Debate Over the Death Penalty in Today’s China [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-debate-over-the-death-penalty-in-todays-china/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Despite the sensitivity of the subject, the death penalty is currently a topic of public discussion among Chinese legal experts who are now openly wondering about its possible abolition. This debate is of interest on three counts. First, it goes hand-in-hand with a retrospective reading of the Chinese penal tradition, highlighting the succession of attempts at modernising criminal law for over a century. It also shows the ever present weight of the Maoist legacy and the contradictions of the present policy, caught between a concern for legality and continuing recourse to exceptional measures. Lastly, legal professionals and theorists alike are engaging in a review—based on specific cases—of the particular features of contemporary Chinese society and culture. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/545 ) [3141] => Array ( [objectID] => 6963 [title] => Cross-National Variability in Capital Punishment: Exploring the Sociopolitical Sources of Its Differential Legal Status [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/cross-national-variability-in-capital-punishment-exploring-the-sociopolitical-sources-of-its-differential-legal-status/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Guided by existing macrolevel theories on punishment and society, the present study explores the independent and conjunctive effects of measures of sociopolitical conditions on the legal retention of capital punishment in 185 nations in the 21st century. Significant correlations are found between a nation’s retention of legal executions for ordinary crimes and its level of economic development, primary religious orientation, citizens’ voice in governance, political stability, and recent history of extrajudicial executions. Subsequent multivariate analyses through qualitative comparative methods reveal substantial context-specific effects and wide variability in legal retention even within countries with similar sociopolitical structures. These results are then discussed in terms of their theoretical implications for future cross-national research on punishment and society. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://icj.sagepub.com/content/15/2/115.abstract ) [3142] => Array ( [objectID] => 6974 [title] => Capital punishment and American culture [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-american-culture/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is an essay about capital punishment and American culture. Its point of departure is the recent publication of several books and articles suggesting that the USA's retention of the death penalty is an expansion of an underlying cultural tradition that creats an elective affinity between American society and the execution of criminal offenders. The implicit - and sometimes explicit claim - of this new literature is that today's capital punishment system is an insurance of 'American exceptionalism', an expression of a deep and abiding condition that has shaped the American nation from its formative years to the present. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/7/4/347.extract ) [3143] => Array ( [objectID] => 6976 [title] => Indigenous constitutionalism and the death penalty: The case of the Commonwealth Caribbean [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indigenous-constitutionalism-and-the-death-penalty-the-case-of-the-commonwealth-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Commonwealth Caribbean remains an obstinate holdout against the international trend limiting use of the death penalty. The death row population in the region per capita is about four times that of the United States. Widely debated in legal circles for a decade, capital punishment jurisprudence will be affected by the creation of the regional appellate court that was launched in April 2005. Modeled after the European Court of Justice, the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) will assume the constitutional jurisdiction currently exercised by the Judicial Committee of the London-based Privy Council. Critics claim the CCJ was created to undo the constraints on the death penalty decreed by the Privy Council and international human rights tribunals, while proponents maintain that the new court completes the region's assumption of sovereignty. This article situates the debate in the constitutional history of the independence era, the current regionalization movement, and the interplay between international norms and domestic fundamental rights. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Antigua and Barbuda ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://icon.oxfordjournals.org/content/3/4/582.full.pdf+html ) [3144] => Array ( [objectID] => 6985 [title] => Racial Differences in Death Penalty Support and Opposition: A Preliminary Study of White and Black College Students [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/racial-differences-in-death-penalty-support-and-opposition-a-preliminary-study-of-white-and-black-college-students/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Although the death penalty has a long history, it is not without debate and differing views. There appears to be a gap between Whites and Blacks in terms of their support of capital punishment. Students at a Midwestern university were surveyed to determine whether there were differences between the two groups of students in reasons to support or oppose the death penalty. In bivariate tests, there were significant differences between White and Black students on 15 of 16 measures for reasons for supporting or opposing capital punishment. These differences continued for 10 of the 16 measures even after multivariate analysis controlled for the effects of gender, age, and academic level. The results are discussed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://jbs.sagepub.com/content/35/4/201.abstract ) [3145] => Array ( [objectID] => 7025 [title] => Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty: Report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-implementation-of-the-safeguards-guaranteeing-protection-of-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report, prepared pursuant to Economic and Social Council resolutions 1754 (LIV) of 16 May 1973 and 1995/57 of 28 July 1995, is the seventh quinquennial report of the Secretary-General on capital punishment.1 It covers the period 1999-2003 and reviews developments in the use of capital punishment worldwide, both in law and in practice. The report shows an encouraging trend towards abolition and restriction of the use of capital punishment in most countries. It also shows that much remains to be done in the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of persons facing the death penalty in those countries that retain it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2005/3&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3146] => Array ( [objectID] => 7026 [title] => Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty: Report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-implementation-of-the-safeguards-guaranteeing-protection-of-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-3/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report, prepared pursuant to Economic and Social Council resolutions 1754 (LIV) of 16 May 1973 and 1995/57 of 28 July 1995, and Council decision 2005/247 of 22 July 2005, is the eighth quinquennial report of the Secretary-General on capital punishment. It covers the period 2004-2008 and reviews developments in the use of capital punishment. The report confirms a very marked trend towards abolition and restriction of the use of capital punishment in most countries. The rate at which States that retained the death penalty at the start of the quinquennium have abolished its use either in law or in practice is comparable with that of previous reporting periods, and may even be accelerating slightly. Moreover, countries that retain the death penalty are, with rare exceptions, significantly reducing its use in terms of numbers of persons executed and the crimes for which it may be imposed. Nevertheless, where capital punishment remains in force, there are serious problems with regard to the respect of international norms and standards, notably in the limitation of the death penalty to the most serious crimes, the exclusion of juvenile offenders from its scope, and guarantees of a fair trial. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2010/10&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3147] => Array ( [objectID] => 7082 [title] => Broken Justice: The death penalty in Alabama [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/broken-justice-the-death-penalty-in-alabama/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report documents unfairness and unreliability that plague the death penalty system in Alabama and makes several recommendations, including a moratorium on executions. The major areas of focus the report examines are: Inadequate Defence, Prosecutorial Misconduct, Judicial Overrides, Execution of the Mentallly Retarded, Racial Discrimination, and Geographic Disparities. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclualabama.org/WhatWeDo/BrokenJustice_report.pdf ) [3148] => Array ( [objectID] => 7097 [title] => Blind Justice: Juries Deciding Life and Death With Only Half the Truth [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/blind-justice-juries-deciding-life-and-death-with-only-half-the-truth/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Blind Justice is a report which focuses on the problems of the death penalty from the perspective of jurors. While jurors have always occupied an esteemed position in the broader criminal justice system in the United States, in capital cases the responsibility of jurors is even more critical as they decide whether defendants should live or die. Even with this unique authority in capital cases, they are treated less than respectfully. Frequently, they are kept in the dark regarding key information about the case and are often barred from serving based on their beliefs or their race. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/BlindJusticeReport.pdf ) [3149] => Array ( [objectID] => 7118 [title] => Creating More Victims: How Executions Hurt the Families Left Behind [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/creating-more-victims-how-executions-hurt-the-families-left-behind/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report, released appropriately on International Human Rights Day, serves to strip away the “conspiracy of silence” and give voice to a group of victims who have for too long been largely ignored in the debate surrounding the death penalty: the families of the executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.willsworld.com/~mvfhr/MVFHReport%20Creating%20More%20Victims.pdf ) [3150] => Array ( [objectID] => 7127 [title] => THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS IN BRIEF 2004 (and up to September 15, 2005) [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-in-brief-2004-and-up-to-september-15-2005/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The worldwide situation to date: The worldwide trend towards abolition, underway for at least a decade, was again confirmed in 2004 and the first half of 2005. There are currently 138 countries that to different extents have decided to renounce the death penalty. Of these: 86 are totally abolitionist; 11 are abolitionist for ordinary crimes; 1 (Russia) is committed to abolishing the death penalty as a member of the Council of Europe and currently observing a moratorium on executions; 5 have a moratorium on executions in place and 35 are de facto abolitionist (i.e. no executions have taken place in those countries for at least ten years). Since the beginning of 2004, 3 countries have passed from retention to an extent of abolition, whereas 5 countries have advanced within the categories of the abolitionist group. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=6000633 ) [3151] => Array ( [objectID] => 7160 [title] => The death penalty wordwide: developments in 2004 [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-wordwide-developments-in-2004/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document covers significant events concerning the death penalty during the year 2004. Five countries abolished the death penalty for all crimes, bringing to 84 the number of totally abolitionist countries at year end. Scores of death sentences were commuted in Malawi and Zambia, and moratoria or suspensions of executions were being observed in several other countries. Other subjects covered in this document include significant judicial decisions; the use of the death penalty against the innocent; resumptions of executions; and campaigning activities to promote abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2005/en/e4f02438-d53c-11dd-8a23-d58a49c0d652/act500012005en.pdf ) [3152] => Array ( [objectID] => 7194 [title] => The death penalty in Thailand [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-thailand/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report shows that, although the formal judicial process which leads to the imposition of the death penalty is theoretically in accordance with the international legal standards, serious miscarriages of justice can result in condemnations to the capital punishment. By lasting up to 84 days, the long police custody creates conditions that favour possible cruel, inhuman and degrading treatments. The difficult access to legal aid, both during police custody and the trial process, does not provide sufficient safeguards that the rights of the defence are fully respected. The conditions of detention in prisons, and notably the fact that death row inmates are chained 24 hours a day, may amount to torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Thailand411-2.pdf ) [3153] => Array ( [objectID] => 7195 [title] => The Death Penalty in Egypt [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-egypt/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report notably points to the great number of crimes which entail the death penalty in Egypt and to the fact that civilians may be tried by military courts, sentenced to death and executed without delay, in violation of the rights of the defence and sometimes in abstentia. The only remedy is the unlikely pardon of the President of the Republic. Confessions obtained under duress are often accepted in court and form the basis of the sentence. The FIDH report recommends to the Egyptian authorities to put an immediate end to the state of emergency which, after 23 years, is no longer justified in Egypt today; the state of emergency is conducive to serious violations of human rights, including administrative detention without any effective judicial control, unfair trials of civilians before military courts, and widespread torture of detainees, including during the pre-trial stage. The Egyptian authorities should inquire into all allegations of torture and bring to justice those responsible. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/eg415a.pdf ) [3154] => Array ( [objectID] => 7196 [title] => Tanzania: the death sentence institutionnalised [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tanzania-the-death-sentence-institutionnalised/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Individuals are regularly sentenced to death in murder cases, but no statistics are published about the number of condemnations. Under the Tanzanian Penal Code, the death sentence remains a mandatory penalty for murder while it can also be applied for treason. As of April 2003, 370 persons (359 males and 11 females) were awaiting execution in the prisons of mainland Tanzania in conditions that might amount to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. There are a number of dysfunctions in the Tanzanian legal system, which seems to represent a threat to the rule of law, and an obstacle to reform: the unwillingness of the Executive to have its decisions challenged in judicial proceedings, and; the existence of a Penal System essentially based on retaliation towards the offenders rather than rehabilitation ; e.g. corporal punishments can still be applied for numerous offences, in spite of the fact that they clearly violate international and regional human rights instruments. Furthermore, pervasive corruption in the police and the judiciary represents a serious threat to the due process of law, including in death penalty cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/tz414a.pdf ) [3155] => Array ( [objectID] => 7197 [title] => The Death Penalty in Guatemala: On the road towards abolition [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-guatemala-on-the-road-towards-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Violations of due process in the case of prisoners condemned to death. There are known cases of torture carried out by agents of the State and there is no legal provision that allows the Executive branch to grant a pardon and, subsequently, to commute a death sentence. The Guatemalan State has executed various individuals despite the fact that the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights had petitioned for precautionary measures; this constitutes a flagrant and recurrent violation of Guatemala’s international human rights commitments.The Guatemalan State, in addition to not having adequate public policies for prisons, also has no laws regulating prisons and conditions of detention, in spite of the fact that various UN instruments are devoted to that question. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/gt422a.pdf ) [3156] => Array ( [objectID] => 7198 [title] => Uganda: Challenging the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/uganda-challenging-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The general feeling of NGOs and abolitionists in Uganda is that the most pressing issue is the situation of ordinary prisoners, while the death penalty as administered by the military should be addressed at a second stage. The questions relating to the military are sensitive issues in Uganda, which might also explain that position. The focus of the present report is consequently mainly on the death sentences pronounced by ordinary criminal courts. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ug425a.pdf ) [3157] => Array ( [objectID] => 7199 [title] => The Death Penalty in Uzbekistan: Torture and Secrecy [timestamp] => 1104537600 [date] => 01/01/2005 [annee] => 2005 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-uzbekistan-torture-and-secrecy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On August 1, 2005, President Karimov announced, through a presidential decree, that the abolition of the death penalty was planned for January 1, 2008. The report concludes that the Uzbek authorities are responsible of serious and systematic human rights violations in the framework of the administration of criminal justice. The rights of those arrested are systematically violated. They often lack any access to a lawyer during their pre-trial detention, their families are not informed and torture is used in order to extort confessions, which often serve as a basis for their condemnation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/uz426a.pdf ) [3158] => Array ( [objectID] => 25582 [title] => Abolitionnist portrait [timestamp] => 1097366400 [date] => 10/10/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/abolitionnist-portrait/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Abolitionnist portrait [texte] => COALITIONMONDIALECONTRE LA PEINE DE MORTWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgCreated in Rome in May 2002, theWorld Coalition against the deathpenalty brings together NGOs, Barassociations, unions, localcommunities, and all the organizationsthat wish to coordinate theirinternational efforts in the struggleagainst the death penalty.Steering committee members:• Amnesty International• Conference Internationale desBarreaux• Community of Sant'Egidio• Death Penalty Focus California• Ensemble contre la peine de mort• International Federation of HumanRights Leagues• Fédération Syndicale Unitaire• International Federation of Action byChristians for the Abolition of Torture• City of Matera• Murder Victims’ Families for HumanRights• Observatoire Marocain des Prisons• National Coalition to Abolish theDeath Penalty• Paris Bar• Penal Reform International• TuscanyOther founding members:• American Friends Service Committee• Center for Prisoner’s Rights• City of Braine l’Alleud• City of Reggio Emilia• City of Venice• Coalition for Truth and Justice• Collectif Unitaire National de Soutienà Mumia Abu-Jamal• Comitato 3 Luglio 1849• Comitato Paul Rougeau• Conseil Général de l’Isère &Mairie de Grenoble• CURE - Missouri & Journey of Hope• Forum 90 Japan• Italian Coalition to Abolish theDeath Penalty• Lifespark• Ligue des Droits de l’Homme• Mothers Against the Death Penalty• Mouvement contre le Racisme etpour l’Amitié entre les Peuples• Movement for People’s Rights• Murders Victims Families forReconciliation• National Association of CriminalDefense Lawyers• People of Faith Against theDeath Penalty• Rights and Democracy• Texas Coalition to abolish the deathpenalty• World Organisation against TortureExecutive secretariat:ECPM5, rue primatice - F - 75013 ParisTél. : 00 33 +1 47 07 61 60Fax : 00 33 +1 47 07 65 10ecpm@abolition.frwww.worldcoalition.orgThese portraits werewritten by the journalistsChristelle Pangrazzi,Nadège Monschau andOlivia Marsaud, and arecopyright-free.They can be publishedafter informing the WorldCoalition at the followingaddress:redaction@abolition.frand must include mentionof the authors.Portraits of abolitionnistsOCTOBER 10 TH 2005WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY[[South AfricaNelson Mandela Desmond TutuKenyaKiraitu MurungiMalawiVera ChirwaNigeriaHauwa IbrahimTo this day, 12 African countries have abolished the death penaltyand 21 still keep it. Between the two, 20 African countries havenot executed someone condemned to death for more than 10 years.The World Coalition against the death penalty decided to devote WorldDay 2005 to a campaign to encourage these countries to capitalpunishment permanently.Support abolition in Africa: petition, portraits, local initiatives...www.worldcoalition.org* “Moratorium” refers to countries that retain the death penalty in lawbut are not currently carrying out executions.ALGERIATUNISIALIBYACHADBENINTOGOGHANASAO TOMEAND PRINCIPECAMEROONBURKINAFASOCOTED’IVOIREGABONGAMBIACAPE VERDEMAURITANIAABOLISHEDSENEGAL MALIGUINEASIERRA LEONELIBERIAGUINEA BISSAUANGOLAZAMBIADEMOCRATICREPUBLIC OFTHE CONGOSOUTHAFRICABOTSWANANAMIBIANIGERNIGERIALESOTHOSWAZILANDBURUNDIUGANDARWANDATANZANIACONGOCENTRALAFRICANREPUBLICMALAWI MAURITIUSSEYCHELLESCOMOROSMOZAMBIQUEZIMBABWEMADAGASCARKENYADJIBOUTIERITREASUDANSOMALIAETHIOPIAEGYPTMOROCCOMORATORIUM*RETAINEDEQ. GUINEACOALITIONMONDIALECONTRE LA PEINE DE MORTWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgCreated in Rome in May 2002, theWorld Coalition against the deathpenalty brings together NGOs, Barassociations, unions, localcommunities, and all the organizationsthat wish to coordinate theirinternational efforts in the struggleagainst the death penalty.Steering committee members:• Amnesty International• Conference Internationale desBarreaux• Community of Sant'Egidio• Death Penalty Focus California• Ensemble contre la peine de mort• International Federation of HumanRights Leagues• Fédération Syndicale Unitaire• International Federation of Action byChristians for the Abolition of Torture• City of Matera• Murder Victims’ Families for HumanRights• Observatoire Marocain des Prisons• National Coalition to Abolish theDeath Penalty• Paris Bar• Penal Reform International• TuscanyOther founding members:• American Friends Service Committee• Center for Prisoner’s Rights• City of Braine l’Alleud• City of Reggio Emilia• City of Venice• Coalition for Truth and Justice• Collectif Unitaire National de Soutienà Mumia Abu-Jamal• Comitato 3 Luglio 1849• Comitato Paul Rougeau• Conseil Général de l’Isère &Mairie de Grenoble• CURE - Missouri & Journey of Hope• Forum 90 Japan• Italian Coalition to Abolish theDeath Penalty• Lifespark• Ligue des Droits de l’Homme• Mothers Against the Death Penalty• Mouvement contre le Racisme etpour l’Amitié entre les Peuples• Movement for People’s Rights• Murders Victims Families forReconciliation• National Association of CriminalDefense Lawyers• People of Faith Against theDeath Penalty• Rights and Democracy• Texas Coalition to abolish the deathpenalty• World Organisation against TortureExecutive secretariat:ECPM5, rue primatice - F - 75013 ParisTél. : 00 33 +1 47 07 61 60Fax : 00 33 +1 47 07 65 10ecpm@abolition.frwww.worldcoalition.orgNelson MandelaFormer President of South Africa.Desmond TutuFormer Archbishop of Capetown, South Africa.“It is not enough to havea moratorium on the deathpenalty: abolition isnecessary”South AfricaAll obstacles overcome!No sooner had apartheid been abolished that Nelson Mandela and BishopDesmond Tutu began their abolitionist struggle. As of June 6, 1995 the deathpenalty would no longer be applied in South Africa.Time has passed. The chains have disappeared. It is now possible for everyone to speak out.For millions of Blacks in South Africa Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu paved the way tofreedom and self-determination. Together they put an end to racial discrimination and itsfavourite tool, the death penalty. The struggle lasted several decades and was often expressedwith unheard of violence: twenty-seven years in prison for Mandela who only wanted “a fairerand more equalitarian society”. Desmond Tutu, who was ordained en 1961 and was thennominated archbishop of the Anglican Church in Capetown in 1986 was an untiring activitist.When Mandela was freed in 1990 the fate of these two black blood brothers became one andthe same. Thanks to their aura and the force of persuasion devoted to the cause, thingsdeveloped with unexpected proportions. The first great victory came in 1994 when NelsonMandela became the first black president of South Africa. Very quickly he initiated a series ofmeasures aimed at placing South Africa on the road to democracy. The first major effort wasmade by Desmond Tutu who at the head of the “Truth and Reconciliation” Commissionmanaged to have the torturers and victims of apartheid confront each other in order to finallybring about a time of pardon. Along the same lines, on the 6th of June 1995 the two men forcedhostile public opinion to accept abolishing the death penalty. This was a vital step given thatbetween 1980 and 1989 (when the last person was hanged) South Africa had one of the highestrates in the world of legal executions, namely 1217 convicts killed or an average of 100 personsa year. Just before abolition more than 400 convicts, a majority of whom were Black, were stillwaiting for their fate to be determined.Despite these sad records, many politicians, and even some members of the African NationalCongress (ANC) directed by Mandela, were demanding that the death penalty be re-established.They had public opinion behind them. In 1996, a survey by the Johannesburg Star revealedthat 93% of the population wanted to reintroduce the death penalty. Mandela never faltered:“There is no turning back. My fellow citizens are misinformed and our duty is to get out in thefield and convince them”. To support their cause the two comrades put forward an implacableargument: the death penalty is “a barbaric act” and they went on to say “in countries wherethe death penalty is still enacted criminality has not decreased”. With the years the messagedelivered by these two Nobel Prize winners (Desmond Tutu, 1984 and Mandela 1993) and theirreputation went far beyond the borders of their country. Both men supported abolitionistmovements all over the world and in particular kept putting pressure on the United States.Desmond Tutu was involved in every topical struggle: on November 4th 1998 he appealed toTexas to ask the authorities to show some mercy as regards Napoleon Beazeley. On June 25,2000, two days after the execution in Huntsville of Gary Graham, whose guilt had not beenproven, the archbishop made a strong plea for the abolition of the death penalty in the UnitedStates. “Too many innocent people have been condemned to death row and other mistakesmay still be made. It is not enough to have a moratorium on the death penalty: abolition isnecessary. I do not understand why a country so involved in defending human rights does notrealise that the death penalty is an obscenity.” In this civilized, politically correct environmentthese words really ring out. Needless to say, no response was forthcoming. Be that as it may,both men continued to encourage all abolitionist initiatives. In January 2003, when George Ryandecided to suspend executions in the state of Illinois, 85-year old Mandela phoned Ryanwhereas the 72-year old youngster, Tutu, wrote him a letter. Nelson said that “the United Statesare a reference for the rest of the world” and Desmond stressed that “taking one life to makeup for another one is a form of vengeance and not justice”. These two staunch defenders ofhuman rights today have grey hair and some wrinkles around their eyes. Time is moving onbut their energy and will to struggle is in no way affected.Christelle Pangrazzi,Olivia MarsaudCOALITIONMONDIALECONTRE LA PEINE DE MORTWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgCreated in Rome in May 2002, theWorld [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => file:///C:/Users/Ordi/Downloads/Portraits%20abolitionnistes-JM2005-EN.pdf ) [3159] => Array ( [objectID] => 25584 [title] => Abolitionnist portrait 2004 [timestamp] => 1097366400 [date] => 10/10/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/abolitionnist-portrait-2004/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Abolitionnist portrait 2004 [texte] => COALITIONMONDIALECONTRE LA PEINE DE MORTWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgCreated in Rome in May 2002,the World Coalition against the deathpenalty brings together NGOs,Bar associations, unions, localcommunities, and all the organizationsthat wish to coordinate theirinternational efforts in the struggleagainst the death penalty.Steering Committee members:• Amnesty International• Conference Internationaledes Barreaux/ Paris Bar• Comunità di Sant'Egidio /Forum 90 Japan• Ensemble contre la peine de mort/National Association of CriminalDefense Lawyers• International Federation of HumanRights Leagues• Fédération Syndicale unitaire• International Federation of Actionby Christians for the Abolition ofTorture• National Coalition to Abolish theDeath Penalty / Murders VictimsFamilies for Reconciliation• Penal Reform International• Regione Toscana• Restorative Justice USA / AmericanFriends Service CommitteeOther members:• City of Matera• City of Reggio Emilia• City of Venise• Coalition for Truth and Justice• Comitato 3 Luglio 1849• Comitato Paul Rougeau• Conseil Général de l’Isère & Mairiede Grenoble• CURE - Missouri & Journey of Hope• Death Penalty Focus California• Italian Coalition to Abolishthe Death Penalty• Lifespark• Mothers Against Death Penalty• Mouvement contre le Racismeet pour l’Amitié entre les Peuples• Observatoire Marocain des Prisons• World Organisation against Torture• Regione Toscana• Restorative Justice Centerfor Capital Cases• Rights and Democracy• Rocco Barnabei Foundation• Texas Coalition to abolishthe death penaltyExecutive Secretariat::ECPM5, rue primaticeF - 75013 ParisTel. : 00 33 +1 47 07 61 60Fax : 00 33 +1 47 07 65 10coalition@abolition-ecpm.orgwww.worldcoalition.orgThese portraits werewritten by ChristellePangrazzi, NadègeMonschau and OliviaMarsaud, and arecopyright-free.They can be publishedafter informing the WorldCoalition at the followingaddress:redaction@abolition-ecpm.organd must include mentionof the authors.Portraits of abolitionnistsOCTOBER 10 TH 2004WORLD DAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY[[South AfricaNelson Mandela Desmond TutuUnited StatesRoss Byrd Sister Helen Préjean,George RyanFinlandAri VatanenFranceRobert Badinter, Jérôme BrézillonIrelandMary RobinsonJapanSakae MendaKenyaKiraitu MurungiLebanonAntoinette ChahineMalawiVera ChirwaNigeriaHauwa IbrahimPalestinSami AldeebSenegalAlioune TineCOALITIONMONDIALECONTRE LA PEINE DE MORTWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgCreated in Rome in May 2002,the World Coalition against the deathpenalty brings together NGOs,Bar associations, unions, localcommunities, and all the organizationsthat wish to coordinate theirinternational efforts in the struggleagainst the death penalty.Steering Committee members:• Amnesty International• Conference Internationaledes Barreaux/ Paris Bar• Comunità di Sant'Egidio /Forum 90 Japan• Ensemble contre la peine de mort/National Association of CriminalDefense Lawyers• International Federation of HumanRights Leagues• Fédération Syndicale unitaire• International Federation of Actionby Christians for the Abolition ofTorture• National Coalition to Abolish theDeath Penalty / Murders VictimsFamilies for Reconciliation• Penal Reform International• Regione Toscana• Restorative Justice USA / AmericanFriends Service CommitteeOther members:• City of Matera• City of Reggio Emilia• City of Venise• Coalition for Truth and Justice• Comitato 3 Luglio 1849• Comitato Paul Rougeau• Conseil Général de l’Isère & Mairiede Grenoble• CURE - Missouri & Journey of Hope• Death Penalty Focus California• Italian Coalition to Abolishthe Death Penalty• Lifespark• Mothers Against Death Penalty• Mouvement contre le Racismeet pour l’Amitié entre les Peuples• Observatoire Marocain des Prisons• World Organisation against Torture• Regione Toscana• Restorative Justice Centerfor Capital Cases• Rights and Democracy• Rocco Barnabei Foundation• Texas Coalition to abolishthe death penaltyExecutive Secretariat::ECPM5, rue primaticeF - 75013 ParisTel. : 00 33 +1 47 07 61 60Fax : 00 33 +1 47 07 65 10coalition@abolition-ecpm.orgwww.worldcoalition.orgNelson MandelaFormer President of South Africa.Desmond TutuFormer Archbishop of Capetown, South Africa.“It is not enough to havea moratorium on the deathpenalty: abolition isnecessary”South AfricaAll obstacles overcome!No sooner had apartheid been abolished that Nelson Mandela and MonsignorDesmond Tutu began their abolitionist struggle. As of June 6, 1995 the deathpenalty would no longer be applied in South Africa.Time has passed. The chains have disappeared. It is now possible for everyone to speak out.For millions of Blacks in South Africa Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu paved the way tofreedom and self-determination. Together they put an end to racial discrimination and itsfavourite tool, the death penalty. The struggle lasted several decades and was often expressedwith unheard of violence: twenty-seven years in prison for Mandela who only wanted “a fairerand more equalitarian society”. Desmond Tutu, who was ordained en 1961 and was thennominated archbishop of the Anglican Church in Capetown in 1986 was an untiring activitist.When Mandela was freed in 1990 the fate of these two black blood brothers became one andthe same. Thanks to their aura and the force of persuasion devoted to the cause, thingsdeveloped with unexpected proportions. The first great victory came in 1994 when NelsonMandela became the first black president of South Africa. Very quickly he initiated a series ofmeasures aimed at placing South Africa on the road to democracy. The first major effort wasmade by Desmond Tutu who at the head of the “Truth and Reconciliation” Commissionmanaged to have the torturers and victims of apartheid confront each other in order to finallybring about a time of pardon. Along the same lines, on the 6th of June 1995 the two men forcedhostile public opinion to accept abolishing the death penalty. This was a vital step given thatbetween 1980 and 1989 (when the last person was hanged) South Africa had one of the highestrates in the world of legal executions, namely 1217 convicts killed or an average of 100 personsa year. Just before abolition more than 400 convicts, a majority of whom were Black, were stillwaiting for their fate to be determined.Despite these sad records, many politicians, and even some members of the African NationalCongress (ANC) directed by Mandela, were demanding that the death penalty be re-established.They had public opinion behind them. In 1996, a survey by the Johannesburg Star revealedthat 93% of the population wanted to reintroduce the death penalty. Mandela never faltered:“There is no turning back. My fellow citizens are misinformed and our duty is to get out in thefield and convince them”. To support their cause the two comrades put forward an implacableargument: the death penalty is “a barbaric act” and they went on to say “in countries wherethe death penalty is still enacted criminality has not decreased”. With the years the messagedelivered by these two Nobel Prize winners (Desmond Tutu, 1984 and Mandela 1993) and theirreputation went far beyond the borders of their country. Both men supported abolitionistmovements all over the world and in particular kept putting pressure on the United States.Desmond Tutu was involved in every topical struggle: on November 4th 1998 he appealed toTexas to ask the authorities to show some mercy as regards Napoleon Beazeley. On June 25,2000, two days after the execution in Huntsville of Gary Graham, whose guilt had not beenproven, the archbishop made a strong plea for the abolition of the death penalty in the UnitedStates. “Too many innocent people have been condemned to death row and other mistakesmay still be made. It is not enough to have a moratorium on the death penalty: abolition isnecessary. I do not understand why a country so involved in defending human rights does notrealise that the death penalty is an obscenity.” In this civilized, politically correct environmentthese words really ring out. Needless to say, no response was forthcoming. Be that as it may,both men continued to encourage all abolitionist initiatives. In January 2003, when George Ryandecided to suspend executions in the state of Illinois, 85-year old Mandela phoned Ryanwhereas the 72-year old youngster, Tutu, wrote him a letter. Nelson said that “the United Statesare a reference for the rest of the world” and Desmond stressed that “taking one life to makeup for another one is a form of vengeance and not justice”. These two staunch defenders ofhuman rights today have grey hair and some wrinkles around their eyes. Time is moving onbut their energy and will to struggle is in no way affected.Christelle Pangrazzi,Olivia MarsaudCOALITIONMONDIALECONTRE LA PEINE DE MORTWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYwww.worldcoalition.orgCreated in Rome in May 2002,the World Coalition against the deathpenalty brings together NGOs,Bar associations, unions, localcommunities, and all the organizationsthat wish to coordinate theirinternational efforts in the struggleagainst the death penalty.Steering Committee members:• Amnesty International• Conference Internationaledes Barreaux/ Paris Bar• Comunità di Sant'Egidio /Forum 90 Japan• Ensemble contre la peine de mort/National Association of CriminalDefense Lawyers• International Federation of HumanRights Leagues• Fédération Syndicale unitaire• International Federation of Actionby Christians for the Abolition ofTorture• National Coalition to Abolish theDeath Penalty / Murders VictimsFamilies for Reconciliation• Penal Reform International• Regione Toscana• Restorative Justice USA / AmericanFriends Service CommitteeOther members:• City of Matera• City of Reggio Emilia• City of Venise• Coalition for Truth and Justice• Comitato 3 Luglio 1849• Comitato Paul Rougeau• Conseil Général de l’Isère & Mairiede Grenoble• CURE - Missouri & Journey of Hope• Death Penalty Focus California• Italian Coalition to Abolishthe Death [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => file:///C:/Users/Ordi/Downloads/Portraits%20abolitionnistes-JM2004-EN.pdf ) [3160] => Array ( [objectID] => 25289 [title] => Poster World Day 2004 [timestamp] => 1097366400 [date] => 10/10/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-2004/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster world day against the death penalty 2004 [texte] => October 10 th 2004WORLD DAY AGAINSTTHE DEATH PENALTY[[Organized by the World Coalition against the death penalty•Call to local initiativesall over the world•Program and informationon the InternetInformationECPM5, rue primatice - F - 75013 ParisTél. : 00 33 +1 47 07 61 60Fax : 00 33 +1 47 07 65 10coalition@abolition-ecpm.orgwww.worldcoalition.orgWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => https://worldcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Affiche-JM2004-EN-A4.pdf ) [3161] => Array ( [objectID] => 25589 [title] => Initiatives World Day 2004 [timestamp] => 1097366400 [date] => 10/10/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/initiatives-world-day-2004/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Initiatives World Day 2004 [texte] => F r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 4WORLDDAYAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYF r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 4From October 10, 2003...• 184 initiatives in 68 countries• The support of the European Union, Canada and Mexico• A petition and portraits of abolitionists... To October 10, 2004• Official launch at the time of the 2nd World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Montreal• Call for local initiatives: objective - 300 initiatives in more than 100 countriesI n t r o d u c t i o nC o n t e n t s3 C o a l i t i o nA brief description of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, its creation, itsmembers, its objectives and its actions.4 O f f i c i a l D e c l a r a t i o n sAs of the 2003 event, the major abolitionist States supported the World Dayand published official statements through their Foreign Affairs Ministers.5 P e t i t i o n 2 0 0 3More than 37000 persons signed the petition circulated for the World Day6 I n i t i a t i v e s 2 0 0 3Some 180 local initiatives that made World Day a success.1 4 P o r t r a i t sPortraits of notable figures in the fight against the death penalty were created bythe World Coalition to be sent out to the media.Objective October 10, 2004After the strong success of the 2003 event, the World Coalition invites abolitionistsfrom around the world to organize initiatives around the world. The key wordsfor 2004 are more diversity, initiatives and participants. The objective is to exceed300 initiatives in more than 100 countries.Do you want to organize an initiative and need information on how to do it?Contact coalition@abolition-ecpm.orgF r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 4C o a l i t i o nCreated in Rome on May 13, 2002, as a result of the commitments entered intoat the 1st World Congress Against the Death Penalty held in Strasbourg in June2001, the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty is made up of NGOs, barassociations, local governments and unions.The Coalition aims to reinforce the international dimension of the fight againstcapital punishment, and to contribute everywhere it exists, to the reduction and,better still, to the definitive abolition of death sentences and executions. TheCoalition was given the mission to facilitate the constitution and the developmentof national coalitions against the death penalty, to take actions such as lobbyingin international organizations and countries, and to organize events ofinternational significance.Since 2002, the Coalition has coordinated the efforts of its members to supportthe resolution of the European Union condemning the death penalty broughtbefore the High Commission on Human Rights at the United Nations in Geneva.At the beginning of January 2004, the Coalition sent Richard Sédillot, an attorney,to Beirut to ensure, along with a group of Lebanese abolitionists, that ten peoplecondemned to death were not executed. Unfortunately, three executions putan end to a moratorium that had been in place for 7 years.The Coalition supports and relays the actions of international significance thatare carried out by its members: Amnesty International Campaigns Against theDeath Penalty in West Africa, the 2 nd World Congress Against the Death Penalty(ECPM and International Penal Reform, October 6-9, 2004 in Montreal), Citiesagainst death penalty (Sant Egidio, November 30 of each year)...The Coalition has declared October 10th the World Day Against the Death Penalty.W O R L DCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYGeneral Assembly, Brussels, 26 March 2004F r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 4O f f i c i a l D e c l a r a t i o n sHonorable Bill GrahamLuis Ernesto DerbezCanada will continue to play a key role in denouncing the use of capital punishment. Today we join the other nations and organizations aroundthe world to come out in favor of the abolition of the death penalty as a fundamental principle of justice and human rights. We continue toencourage the other countries to abolish the death penalty, and call on those still using it to make sure that the death sentences are only carriedout in accordance with international human rights obligations. The World Day Against the Death Penalty, sponsored by the World Coalition Againstthe Death Penalty, is aimed at reinforcing international support for the universal abolition of the death penalty.Declaration of Honorable Bill Graham,Foreign Minister of CanadaFriday October 10th, World Day Against the Death Penalty: Mexico links its voice with that of the other countries which are opposed tocapital punishment and which aspire to its abolition in the world (...) Mexico strongly supports the abolition of the death penalty (...) In mycountry, the death penalty has not been applied for three decades, even if it appears in our Constitution. Thus, in order to remain faithfulto our positions and our major values, last September the government of President Vicente Fox decided to launch reforms to eliminate thisconstitutional provision and, likewise, to establish the highest international human rights standards in Mexico.Declaration of Luis Ernesto Derbez,Minister of Foreign Affairs of MexicoThe European Union is pleased that the “civil society” took the initiative to organize, on October 10th of each year, starting in 2003, aninternational day against the death penalty. On this occasion, the European Union wishes to reaffirm its firm and long-standing oppositionto the death penalty, whatever the circumstances. The European Union believes that the death penalty is a violation of the right to the life,and requires its abolition.Declaration of the presidency in the name of the European Unionat the time of the first World Day Against the Death Penalty, October 10 2003.Official declarations of support from the European Union, Italy, France, Canada, Mexico,Belgium and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights emphasized the relevance of World Day.Great Britain chose, on October 10th, to ratify Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights,which abolishes the death penalty in all circumstances.The Coalition has placed a petition on its website -- www.worldcoalition.org --that was broadcasted by many citizens in the organized demonstrations onOctober 10th. 37,478 people (8,458 from the Coalition’s website) signed thepetition. In January 2004, the Coalition addressed the report on this collection ofsignatures in a letter to the Heads of State of the countries that execute the mostpeople condemned to death (China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United States).Certain figures, like the Ministers of the Belgian government and the membersof the International Film Festival of Roche-sur-Yon (France) signed the petition.F r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 4P e t i t i o n 2 0 0 3Appeal to the authorities of all countries that still retain the death penaltyBelieving that the death penalty is a blatant violation of the fundamental right to life.Facing the cruelty and inhumanity of this punishment, irrevocable and irreparable.Concerned by the risk of executing the innocent.Conscious that the death penalty has never been shown to deter crime moreeffectively than other punishments, that it is an instrument of revenge and not of prevention.Aware that the death penalty is discriminatory and is often used disproportionatelyagainst the poor, minorities and members of racial, ethnic and religious groups.Concerned that it is imposed and carried out arbitrarily.Convinced that the death penalty does not provide justice but denies it.I appeal to you to ensure that executions cease immediately,and to abolish the death penalty for all crimes.The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty has called onlocal organizations to make World Day a truly become aninternational event made up of thousands of initiatives.In 63 countries, 188 initiatives were organized on October 10,2003 to say NO to the death penalty. On 5 continents, and inmany countries that still have capital punishment, citizensprotested, together to say NO to the death penalty.• Throughout the World VideoThe Local Italian Culture Institute showed, on October 10, 2003,the video “It is Not Worth It” (produced by the Tuscan Region,this video tells the story of 6 death row inmates in Japan, China,Uganda, Iran, the United States, and Cuba) in 15 countries, inaddition to those cited below: Albania, Croatia, South Africa,Australia, Holland, Yugoslavia, Malta, Finland, Mexico, Peru,Lebanon, Spain, Brazil, Turkey and Syria.A F R I C A• South Africa University of Witwatersrand Debate TheUniversity of Witwatersrand and Amnesty International SouthAfrica held a debate with Stephen Langtry (AI), Robert McBride,former prisoner on death row in South Africa, Ebrahim Patel, arepresentative of the South African Muslim Theologians, andAnchen Dreyer, a member of the provincial legislature in Gautengfor the opposition party, and the Democratic Alliance, with GeorgeBizos (who formed part of the legal defense team for NelsonMandela, and served on other lawsuits in Rivonia in 1963).• Benin Media Amnesty International Benin published a pressrelease in two daily newspapers and gave interviews on thenational televisions station (ORTB), GOLF-TV, and Radio GOLF-F r o m O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 3 . . . t o O c t o b e r 1 0 , 2 0 0 4I n i t i a t i v e s 2 0 0 3FM. A televised debate took place on the need to abolish thedeath penalty on October 14 on Television LC2.• Burundi Media Along with PRI, the production studio“IJAMBO” and Radio “Isangarino” produced and developedradio broadcasts against the death penalty. An on-line debateaccompanied the production.• Cameroon Bafia Media Studio Posts National CRTV, LPSTUDIO 1634, Yaounde, and principal media of the country. TheACAT Bafia, the local antenna of ACAT Cameroon, conducted adebate with the Cameroon Radio and Television (CRTV)audience, and intervened in the media [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => file:///C:/Users/Ordi/Downloads/Initiatives-JM2004-EN.pdf ) [3162] => Array ( [objectID] => 6498 [title] => Premeditated: meditations on capital punishment [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/premeditated-meditations-on-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Meditations on Capital Punishment, Recent Works by Malaquias Montoya features recently created silkscreen images and paintings, and related research dealing with the death penalty and penal institutions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.malaquiasmontoya.com/book.php ) [3163] => Array ( [objectID] => 6640 [title] => Resource Guide for Managing Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resource-guide-for-managing-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The purpose of this resource guide is to provide judges who are assigned capital cases with information about how other judges have handled these cases and an idea of what to expect as the case proceeds. The guide does not prescribe how such cases should be handled, and any examples of case-management approaches discussed should be considered illustrative. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.fjc.gov/public/home.nsf/autoframe?openform&url_l=/public/home.nsf/inavgeneral?openpage&url_r=/public/home.nsf/pages/1001 ) [3164] => Array ( [objectID] => 6764 [title] => Killing as Punishment: Reflections on the Death Penalty in America [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/killing-as-punishment-reflections-on-the-death-penalty-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Drawing on his encyclopedic knowledge of the field, Bedau addresses topics such as strong public suppport for the death penalty, wrongful convictions, the disappearance of executive clemency, constitutional arguments surronding the Eight Amendment, and procedural reforms under consideration that move toward abolition. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Killing-Punishment-Reflections-Penalty-America/dp/155553595X ) [3165] => Array ( [objectID] => 6774 [title] => Capital Punishment: Strategies for Abolition [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-strategies-for-abolition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The editors of this study isolate the core issues influencing legislation so that they can be incorporated into strategies that advise governments in changing their policy on capital punishment. What are the critical factors determining whether a country replaces, retains or restores the death penalty? Why do some countries maintain the death penalty in theory, but in reality rarely invoke it? These questions and others are explored in chapters on South Korea, Lithuania, Georgia, Japan and the British Caribbean Commonwealth, as well as the U.S. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Georgia ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Capital-Punishment-Strategies-Peter-Hodgkinson/dp/0521115590/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1290766816&sr=1-1 ) [3166] => Array ( [objectID] => 6780 [title] => Debating the death penalty: should America have capital punishment? : the experts on both sides make their case [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/debating-the-death-penalty-should-america-have-capital-punishment-the-experts-on-both-sides-make-their-case/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This book contains contributions from judges, attorneys, and academicians on both sides of the death penalty question. The grounds advanced for justification of capital punishment--including deterrence, retribution, and closure for victims' families--are considered. Whether life imprisonment is adequate to address these concerns is also debated. Other issues include whether racial minorities or indigent defendants are disproportionately executed, whether the penalty is otherwise arbitrarily applied, and what risks exist regarding the execution of an innocent person. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Debating-Death-Penalty-America-Punishment/dp/0195179803 ) [3167] => Array ( [objectID] => 6784 [title] => Determinants of the Death Penalty: A Comparative Study of the World [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/determinants-of-the-death-penalty-a-comparative-study-of-the-world/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Determinants of the Death Penalty seeks to explain the phenomenon of capital punishment - without recourse to value judgements - by identifying those characteristics common to countries that use the death penalty and those that mark countries which do not. This global study uses statistical analysis to relate the popularity of the death penalty to physical, cultural, social, economical, institutional, actor oriented and historical factors. Separate studies are conducted for democracies and non-democracies and within four regional contexts. The book also contains an in-depth investigation into determinants of the death penalty in the USA. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Determinants-Death-Penalty-Comparative-Routledge/dp/0415333989/ref=ntt_at_ep_dpi_2#reader_0415333989 ) [3168] => Array ( [objectID] => 6788 [title] => Religion and the Death Penalty: A Call for Reckoning [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/religion-and-the-death-penalty-a-call-for-reckoning/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This important book is sure to foster informed public discussion about the death penalty by deepening readers' understanding of how religious beliefs and perspectives shape this contentious issue. Featuring a fair, balanced appraisal of its topic, Religion and the Death Penalty brings thoughtful religious reflection to bear on current challenges facing the capital justice system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.eerdmans.com/Products/2172/religion-and-the-death-penalty.aspx ) [3169] => Array ( [objectID] => 6797 [title] => Guided Jury Discretion in Capital Murder Cases: The Role of Declarative and Procedural Knowledge [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guided-jury-discretion-in-capital-murder-cases-the-role-of-declarative-and-procedural-knowledge/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article analyzes whether state-approved jury instructions adequately guide jury discretion in the penalty phase of first-degree murder trials. It examines Eighth Amendment jurisprudence regarding guided jury discretion, emphasizing the use of “empirical factors” to examine the quality of state-approved instructions. Psychological research and testimony on the topic of the comprehensibility of jury instructions are reviewed. Data from a recently completed simulation with 80 deliberating juries showed that current instructions do not adequately convey the concepts and processes essential to guiding penalty phase judgments. An additional simulation with 20 deliberating juries demonstrated that deliberation alone does not correct for jurors' errors in comprehension. The article concludes with recommendations for policy and future research. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/law/10/4/516/ ) [3170] => Array ( [objectID] => 6798 [title] => The Death Penalty in the United States: A Crisis of Conscience [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states-a-crisis-of-conscience/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The articles in this issue discuss many appellate court decisions that turned on due process problems in the guilt and penalty phases of capital murder trials and the troubling role of race in capital prosecutions. Governor Ryan of Illinois cited many of these issues when he declared a moratorium on the death penalty and appointed a blue-ribbon panel to study the prosecution of capital murder in 2000. Governor Ryan commuted the sentences of all Illinois death row inmates in January 2003, in part, because the legislature was unable to address these issues that again appeared in the panel's report. These issues raise serious questions about the reliability of the capital murder system and recommend a continued public debate about its fairness. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=2004-20584-012 ) [3171] => Array ( [objectID] => 6800 [title] => Showing Remorse: Reflections on the Gap between Expression and Attribution in Cases of Wrongful Conviction [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/showing-remorse-reflections-on-the-gap-between-expression-and-attribution-in-cases-of-wrongful-conviction/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper seeks first to show that persons who are convicted of crimes can be perceived as either remorseful or as lacking in remorse. This division establishes a moral hierarchy that has profound implications for the characterization and disposition of persons who are so designated. Second, using both Canadian and American cases, it looks at how inclusion in the category of the unremorseful affects the characterization and disposition of those who have been wrongfully convicted. Finally, it suggests that remorse is a major site of conflict between persons who are wrongfully convicted and officials within the criminal justice system, conflict that involves the use of institutional pressure to encourage the expression of remorse, on the one hand, and the mobilization of individual resources to resist those expressions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Canada ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/6415vp7u7r16p754/ ) [3172] => Array ( [objectID] => 6801 [title] => Death Dissent and Diplomacy: The U.S. Death Penalty as an Obstacle to Foreign relations [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-dissent-and-diplomacy-the-u-s-death-penalty-as-an-obstacle-to-foreign-relations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Widely believed to be the innocent victims of an unfair trial, two foreign nationals facing execution in the United States had captured the attention of theworld. Rallies in their support attracted huge crowds in London and Paris, in Buenos Aires, Johannesburg, Bombay and Tokyo. Petitions for mercy flooded the governor's office, signed by half a million people worldwide. The Italian head of state, former Nobel prize winners, and the Vatican joined in the global appealfor clemency, all to no avail. The world watched as the final days ticked away, transfixed by the last-minute battle to obtain a new trial amid a mounting storm ofdomestic and international protest. Citing procedural default and deference to state law, the appellate courts refused to intervene. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1234&context=wmborj ) [3173] => Array ( [objectID] => 6823 [title] => Searching for Uniformity in Adjudication of the Accused’s Competence to Assist and Consult in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/searching-for-uniformity-in-adjudication-of-the-accuseds-competence-to-assist-and-consult-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Based on the review of capital cases from various jurisdictions involoving issues of competence to stand trial, this article examines the standards, literature, and varying practices associated with competence assessments and adjudications. The author, who is an experienced criminal defense lawyer with capital trial and postconviction litigation experiece, examines the implications of disparities in the approaches and definitions used in dealing with competence assessments and suggests solutions to improve the standards of practice related to these important assessments. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=10+Psych.+Pub.+Pol.+and+L.+417&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=630022455d5955ede241a995448c5c28 ) [3174] => Array ( [objectID] => 6824 [title] => Justice by Geography and Race: The Administration of the Death Penalty in Maryland 1978-1999 [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/justice-by-geography-and-race-the-administration-of-the-death-penalty-in-maryland-1978-1999/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Since July 1978, when Maryland’s capital punishment statute took effect, the State has been plagued by charges that the imposition of the death penalty is influenced by the race of the defendant and the legal jurisdiction in which the homicide occurred. Most critics use the characteristics of condemned inmates on Maryland’s death row, which reveal possible racial motivations. However, the authors argue that simply relying on the characteristics of condemned inmates reveals little about the underlying mechanisms of the imposition of the death penalty. The recent history of capital punishment in Maryland is reviewed, followed by a brief description of the legal structure of capital punishment under Maryland law. In order to empirically measure whether the imposition of capital punishment in Maryland is discriminatory, the authors examined 1,311 death eligible cases in Maryland from July 1, 1978 to December 31, 1999. Death eligible cases were defined as those cases in which the State’s attorney filed a notice of intention to seek a death sentence, the facts established that first degree murder was committed, the defendant was the principle in the first degree murder, the murder included at least one statutory aggravating circumstance, and the defendant was eligible for capital punishment at the time of the offense. The statistical strategy focused on determining the influence of race of victim, race of defendant, and geography on the imposition of the death penalty. Findings suggest that race and geography indeed play an important role in the Maryland justice system. Race and geography exert their most influence at the death notification and death notice retraction stages of the process. Thus, it is prosecutorial discretion that is the most apparent in the possible discriminatory application of capital punishment in Maryland. The findings from this study are unsurprising and are in line with similar studies from other States. The author cautions that overt racism is not necessarily the reason beyond the disproportionate application of capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=4+Margins+1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=7f306db0a9a03f2b1fb13c529221e78f ) [3175] => Array ( [objectID] => 6825 [title] => Exploring the Effects of Altitudes Toward the Death Penalty on Capital Sentencing Verdicts [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/exploring-the-effects-of-altitudes-toward-the-death-penalty-on-capital-sentencing-verdicts/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Attitudes toward the death penalty are multifaceted and strongly held, but little research outside of the death-qualification literature has focused on the role that such attitudes and beliefs play in jurors' capital sentencing verdicts. A single item is insufficient to properly measure attitudes toward the death penalty; therefore, a new 15-item, 5-factor scale was constructed and validated. Use of this scale in 11 studies of capital jury decision making found a large effect of general support of the death penalty on sentencing verdicts as well as independent aggravating effects for the belief that the death penalty is a deterrent and the belief that a sentence of life without parole nonetheless allows parole. These effects generally were not completely mediated by, nor did attitudes moderate the effects of, aggravating and mitigating factors. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=2004-20584-006 ) [3176] => Array ( [objectID] => 6826 [title] => Stuck in the Dark Ages: Supreme Court Decision Making and Legal Developments [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/stuck-in-the-dark-ages-supreme-court-decision-making-and-legal-developments/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the latter quarter of the 20th century, the United States Supreme Court has generally refused to narrow the procedural and substantive conditions under which adults may be sentenced to death for capital murder. The current status of social science evidence is briefly reviewed to evaluate the Court’s treatment of 3 specific categories of evidence: The death-qualified jury, prejudicial capital sentencing, and juror comprehension of capital-sentencing instructions. The role of perceptions of public opinion in the perseverance of capital punishment statutes is considered. It appears that the Court, in general, does not place much weight on social science evidence. Suggestions are made for future areas of research and practice for social scientists interested in capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=2004-20584-003 ) [3177] => Array ( [objectID] => 6829 [title] => The Prejudicial Nature of Victim Impact Statements: Implications for Capital Sentencing Policy [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-prejudicial-nature-of-victim-impact-statements-implications-for-capital-sentencing-policy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Victim impact evidence is presented during sentencing hearings to convey the harm experienced by victims and victims' relatives as a result of a crime. Its use in capital cases is highly controversial. Some argue that the Supreme Court's decision to allow the admission of victim impact statements (VIS) during capital sentencing proceedings (Payne v. Tennessee, 1991) invites prejudice and judgments based on emotion rather than reason. Others reason that it provides an important voice for survivors and affords the jury an opportunity to learn about the victim. The authors outline the chief psychological issues that arise in the context of VIS, including their relevance to jurors' judgments of blameworthiness, concerns that the social worth of the victim will influence jurors' sentencing decisions, and issues related to the emotional appeal of VIS. Psycholegal research on the influence of VIS on mock jurors is reviewed, and implications of this work for capital sentencing policy and suggested directions for future research are discussed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://wolfweb.unr.edu/homepage/jsinger/Myers-Greene.pdf ) [3178] => Array ( [objectID] => 6852 [title] => Capital Punishment, the Moratorium Movement, and Empirical Questions: Looking Beyond Innocence Race and Bad Lawyering in Death Penalty Cases [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-the-moratorium-movement-and-empirical-questions-looking-beyond-innocence-race-and-bad-lawyering-in-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article briefly explores the underpinnings of the contemporary capital punishment moratorium movement and examines executive and legislative responses to calls for a halt to executions, including suggestions for studying the death penalty process. Although most investigations focus on select issues like innocence, ineffective counsel, and race bias, this article suggests that a wide-ranging constellation of issues should be investigated in any legitimate attempt to evaluate the administration of the death penalty. The article canvasses this broader sweep of issues, discusses related research evidence, and then considers the policy implications of conducting such a thorough empirical assessment of the administration of capital punishment in this country. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://psycnet.apa.org/?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=2004-20584-011&searchId=5819FFF2-C737-608D-AEDE-A2520D16EAF0 ) [3179] => Array ( [objectID] => 6865 [title] => Race for Your Life: An Analysis of the Role of Race in Erroneous Capital Conviction [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/race-for-your-life-an-analysis-of-the-role-of-race-in-erroneous-capital-conviction/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Prior research on the role of race in wrongful capital convictions has focused primarily on the race of the defendant. In contrast, this article begins with two case studies that illustrate the impact of the race of the defendant and also the race of the victim in contributing to erroneous convictions. The second section of this article identifies the race of the defendant and the victim in 82 cases where prisoners were released from death row because of doubts about their guilt and in a matched group of inmates who were executed. Through the use of three logistic regression models, the combination of the race of the defendant and the race of the victim is identified as a significant predictor of case outcome (exoneration vs. execution). The results also indicate that an indirect relationship may exist between the combination of the race of the defendant and the victim, the strength of the evidence, and case outcome. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://cjr.sagepub.com/content/29/1/76.short ) [3180] => Array ( [objectID] => 6871 [title] => Death IS Different: An Editorial Introduction to the Theme Issue. [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-is-different-an-editorial-introduction-to-the-theme-issue/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Capital punishment has once again become the focus of intense national debate in the United States. There is increasingly widespread public concern over the propriety of state-sanctioned executions and the legal processes by which they are accomplished. Even in political arenas, where little more than a decade ago commentators could quip that "the electric chair has replaced the American flag as your all-purpose campaign symbol," many elected officials are voicing second thoughts about capital punishment. The American Bar Association (ABA), among other prestigious groups, has called for a moratorium on executions until, at least, the procedural flaws in the legal process through which death sentencing takes place -- what the ABA analysts characterized as a "haphazard maze of unfair practices" -- have been identified and remedied. Recent assessments of the scope and seriousness of the problems that plague this process suggest that the task of reforming the system of capital punishment will prove to be a daunting one. For example, James Liebman and his colleagues have presented a sobering picture of what they termed a "broken system" in which the outcomes of capital trials -- if judged by their fates in the appellate courts -- are legally wrong more often than they are right. And at least one judge declared the federal death penalty unconstitutional because it failed to provide sufficient procedural protections to capital defendants. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=10+Psych.+Pub.+Pol.+and+L.+373&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=a110cd3fc7e891e0fc56d4572b2cfef0 ) [3181] => Array ( [objectID] => 6872 [title] => Condemning the Other in Death Penalty Trials: Biographical Racism, Structural Mitigation, and the Empathic Divide [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/condemning-the-other-in-death-penalty-trials-biographical-racism-structural-mitigation-and-the-empathic-divide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article analyses racial discrimination in the administration of the death penalty - despite their importance to the critical debate over the fairness of capital punishment - are not able to address the effects of many of the most pernicious forms of racism in American society. In particular, they cannot examine "biographical racism" - the accumulation of race-based obstacles, indignities, and criminogenic influences that characterizes the life histories of so many African-American capital defendants. Second, I propose that recognizing the role of this especially pernicious form of racism in the lives of capital defendants has significant implications for the way we estimate fairness (as opposed to parity) in our analyses of death sentencing. Chronic exposure to race-based, life-altering experiences in the form of biographical racism represents a profoundly important kind of "structural mitigation." Because of the way our capital sentencing laws are fashioned, and the requirement that jurors must engage in a "moral inquiry into the culpability" of anyone whom they might sentence to die, this kind of mitigation provides a built-in argument against imposing the death penalty on African-American capital defendants. It is structured into their social histories by the nature of the society into which they have been born. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/deplr53&div=55&id=&page= ) [3182] => Array ( [objectID] => 6873 [title] => White Female Victims and Death Penalty Disparity Research [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/white-female-victims-and-death-penalty-disparity-research/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Empirical studies of the death penalty continue to find that the race and gender of homicide victims are associated with the severity of legal responses in homicide cases even after controlling for legally relevant factors. A limitation of this research, however, is that victim race and gender are examined as distinct and independent factors in statistical models. In this study, we explore whether the independent examination of victim race and gender masks important differences in legal responses to homicides. In particular, we empirically test the hypothesis that defendants convicted of killing white females are significantly more likely to receive death sentences than killers of victims with other race-gender characteristics. Findings indicate that homicides with white female victims were more likely to result in death sentences than other victim race-gender dyads. We posit that this response may be unique and result in differential sentencing outcomes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/rjqy/2004/00000021/00000004/art00008 ) [3183] => Array ( [objectID] => 6887 [title] => The Decline of Juvenile Death Penalty: Scientific Evidence of Evolving Norms [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-decline-of-juvenile-death-penalty-scientific-evidence-of-evolving-norms/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 2003, the Missouri Supreme Court set aside the death sentence of Christopher Simmons, who was 17 when he was arrested for the murder of Shirley Crook. The Simmons court held that the “evolving standards of decency” embodied in the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments barred execution of persons who committed capital crimes before their 18th birthday. This decision was based in part on the emerging legislative consensus in the states opposing execution of juvenile offenders and the infrequency with which the death penalty is imposed on juvenile offenders. The State sought a writ of certiorari, and the case is now before the U.S. Supreme Court. This article presents results of analyses of empirical data on the use of the death penalty for adolescent homicide offenders in state courts in the U.S. since 1990. The data shows that, since 1994, when death sentences for juvenile offenders peaked, juvenile death sentences have declined significantly. In particular, the decline in juvenile death sentences since 1999 is statistically significant after controlling for the murder rate, the juvenile homicide arrest rate, and the rate of adult death sentences. This downward trend in juvenile death sentences signals that there is an evolving standard in state trial courts opposing the imposition of death sentences on minors who commit capital offenses. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://lsr.nellco.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=columbia_pllt ) [3184] => Array ( [objectID] => 6888 [title] => The Problem of False Confessions in the Post – DNA World [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-problem-of-false-confessions-in-the-post-dna-world/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In recent years, numerous individuals who confessed to and were convicted of serious felony crimes have been released from prison— some after many years of incarceration—and declared factually innocent, often as a result of DNA tests that were not possible at the time of arrest, prosecution, and conviction. DNA testing has also exonerated numerous individuals who confessed to serious crimes before their cases went to trial. Numerous others have been released from prison and declared factually innocent in cases that did not involve DNA tests, but instead may have occurred because authorities discovered that the crime never occurred or that it was physically impossible for the (wrongly) convicted defendant to have committed the crime, or because the true perpetrator of the crime was identified, apprehended, and convicted. In this Article, we analyze 125 recent cases of proven interrogation-induced false confessions (i.e., cases in which indisputably innocent individuals confessed to crimes they did not commit) and how these cases were treated by officials in the criminal justice system.This Article has three goals. First, we provide and analyze basic demographic, legal, and case-specific descriptive data from these 125 cases. This is significant because this is the largest cohort of interrogation-induced false confession cases ever identified and studied in the research literature. Second, we analyze the role that (false) confession evidence played in these cases and how the defendants in these cases were treated by the criminal justice system. In particular, this Article focuses on how criminal justice officials and triers-of-fact respond to confession evidence, whether it biases their evaluations and overwhelms other evidence (particularly evidence of innocence), and how likely false confessions are to lead to the wrongful arrest, prosecution, conviction, and incarceration of the innocent. Analysis of the aforementioned questions leads to the conclusion that the problem of interrogationinduced false confession in the American criminal justice system is far more significant than previously supposed. Furthermore, the problem of interrogation-induced false confessions has profound implications for the study of miscarriages of justice as well as the proper administration of justice. Third, and finally, this Article suggests that several promising policy reforms, particularly mandatory electronic recording of police interrogations, will minimize the number of false confessions and thereby inject a much needed dose of justice into the American criminal justice system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://web.williams.edu/Psychology/Faculty/Kassin/files/drizenl.leo.04.pdf ) [3185] => Array ( [objectID] => 6893 [title] => Not to Decide is to Decide: The U.S. Supreme Courts Thirty-Year Struggle With One Case About Competency to Waive Death Penalty Appeals [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/not-to-decide-is-to-decide-the-u-s-supreme-courts-thirty-year-struggle-with-one-case-about-competency-to-waive-death-penalty-appeals/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed Rees v. Peyton, Rees was a death penalty case in which the petitioner sought to withdraw his petition for writ of certiorari so that he could be executed. The Court stayed the proceedings after Rees was found incompetent to waive his appeal, but the Court did not dismiss the case until after Rees died of natural causes. Rees pended in the Court during the terms of three Chief Justices. Even though the Court underwent major changes in personnel and philosophy during those years, the Court's treatment of Rees was essentially the same--to hold the case in abeyance. This article chronicles the extraordinary history of Rees in the U.S. Supreme Court for those thirty years. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=49+Wayne+L.+Rev.+885&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=75c0e320b1995563d464bfb88d5af223 ) [3186] => Array ( [objectID] => 6894 [title] => Appointed but (Nearly) Prevented From Serving: My Experiences as a Grand Jury Foreperson [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/appointed-but-nearly-prevented-from-serving-my-experiences-as-a-grand-jury-foreperson/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => I begin this essay with basic information about grand juries, then tell what happened to our grand jury, and conclude by reflecting on what I learned from this experience. My theme is the tension between the grand jury’s independence and the prosecutor’s desire to control it. The lesson I learned, intellectually and emotionally, is the depth and tenacity of the prosecutor’s assumption that he does control, and has the right to control, the grand jury process. I also learned some lessons about being a client, and believing in oneself and one’s principles. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/osjcl/Articles/Volume2_1/Commentaries/Crocker.pdf ) [3187] => Array ( [objectID] => 6900 [title] => Dangerousness, Risk Assessment, and Capital Sentencing [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dangerousness-risk-assessment-and-capital-sentencing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Judges, jurors, police officers, and others are sometimes asked to make a variety of decisions based on judgments of dangerousness. Reliance on judgments of dangerousness in a variety of legal contexts has led to considerable debate and has been the focus of numerous publications. However, a substantial portion of the debate has centered on the accuracy and improvement of risk assessments rather than the issues concerning the use of dangerousness as a legal criterion. This article focuses on whether dangerousness judgments can play a useful role in capital sentencing decisions within the framework of “guided discretion” and “individualized assessment” set forth by the Supreme Court of the United States. It examines the relationship between these legal doctrines and contemporary approaches to risk assessment, and it discusses the potential tension between these approaches to risk assessment and these legal doctrines. The analysis suggests that expert testimony has the potential to undermine rather than assist the sentencer's efforts to make capital sentencing decisions in a manner consistent with Supreme Court doctrine. This analysis includes a discussion of the advances and limitations of current approaches to risk assessment in the context of capital sentencing. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=2004-20584-008 ) [3188] => Array ( [objectID] => 6915 [title] => Does the Rest of the World Matter? Sovereignty, International Human Rights Law and the American Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/does-the-rest-of-the-world-matter-sovereignty-international-human-rights-law-and-the-american-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => American officials have indicated that extra efforts will be used to ensure that captured terrorist suspects face the death penalty. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld has stated that the U.S. military will "try to prevent enemy leaders from falling into the hands of peacekeeping troops from allied nations that might oppose capital punishment." Americans should be troubled to learn that the United States is out of step with an emerging worldwide consensus that the death penalty, even for the most heinous terrorist, "has no legitimate place in the penal systems of modern civilised societies." As of July 2004, 117 nations were abolitionist in law or in practice, while only 80 retained the death penalty. The entire Council of Europe--45 nations ranging from Iceland to Russia--now constitutes a death penalty free zone. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=30+Queen%27s+L.J.+260&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=d4c32e644b04671a705268b12b7f5914 ) [3189] => Array ( [objectID] => 6930 [title] => Mentally Ill Prisoners on Death Row: Unsolved Puzzles for Courts and Legislatures [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mentally-ill-prisoners-on-death-row-unsolved-puzzles-for-courts-and-legislatures/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper focuses on the problems relating to mental illness or other mental disabilities that arise after sentencing, where the underlying values at stake are the dignity of the condemned prisoner and the integrity of the law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/cathu54&div=39&id=&page= ) [3190] => Array ( [objectID] => 6932 [title] => The death penalty in Africa [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-africa/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article examines the situation of the death penalty in Africa. It does so byaddressing three main questions: First, to what extent is the death penalty inAfrica in fact an issue about which one should be particularly concerned?Second, what are the restrictions on the death penalty in Africa? Third, whatis to be done to strengthen the restrictions on the death penalty in Africa? Inaddition, the article examines the question whether article 4 of the AfricanCharter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and its related provisions will inspirethe abolition of the death penalty. It is suggested that challenging mandatorydeath sentences, advancing procedural challenges, open debate onalternatives to the death penalty, and improving the national criminaljustice system will strengthen restrictions on the death penalty in Africa. Thearticle concludes that positive criminal justice reform rather than moralisticcondemnation is the most effective route to the eventual abolition of thedeath penalty in Africa. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.chr.up.ac.za/images/files/publications/ahrlj/ahrlj_vol04_no1_2004.pdf ) [3191] => Array ( [objectID] => 6960 [title] => Capital Punishment in the Philippines [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-in-the-philippines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While an examination of the social and political currents of each country would perhaps be the best way to answer the question "Why is there strong support for capital punishment in Southeast Asia?", this paper will begin this effort by looking specifically at the Philippines, a society that has received more exposure to democratic tenets and human rights advocacy than other Southeast Asian countries (Blitz, 2000). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Philippines ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/2531/1/Arlie%20Tagayuna%20--%20Capital%20Punishment%20in%20the%20Philippines.pdf ) [3192] => Array ( [objectID] => 6984 [title] => Race Discrimination and the Legitimacy of Capital Punishment: Reflections on the Interaction of Fact and Perception [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/race-discrimination-and-the-legitimacy-of-capital-punishment-reflections-on-the-interaction-of-fact-and-perception/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The authors analyze data concerning race discrimination in capital sentencing and data regarding how the public perceives this issue. They conclude that race discrimination is not an inevitable feature of all death penalty systems. Before Furman v. Georgia was decided in 1972, widespread discrimination against black defendants marred the practice of capital punishment in America. According to studies cited by the authors, race-of-defendant discrimination has lessened since Furman. However, race-of-victim discrimination remains a significant factor in sentencing; defendants with white victims are at a significantly higher risk of being sentenced to death and executed than are defendants whose victims are black, Asian, or Hispanic. From 1976 to 2002, the proportion of white-victim cases among all murder and non-negligent manslaughter cases has ranged between 51% and 56%. However, 81% of executed defendants had white victims. Polling data indicate that the general public perceives only one form of race discrimination in the use of the death penalty - race-of-defendant discrimination – and that the public and elected officials may see racial discrimination as inevitable in the criminal justice system. Race of victim discrimination is a pervasive problem in the death penalty system. However, race discrimination is not inevitable. If serious controls were enacted to address this problem (such as those imposed in a few states) a fairer system could result. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/deplr53&div=52&id=&page= ) [3193] => Array ( [objectID] => 6986 [title] => Examining Public Opinion about Crime and Justice: A Statewide Study [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/examining-public-opinion-about-crime-and-justice-a-statewide-study/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As noted by Flanagan (1996), public opinion polls about crime and justice can act as a social barometer providing important data to policy makers regarding what the public is willing, or is not willing, to accept when it comes to proposed legislation and/or intervention programming. This paper reports findings from the 2001 Penn State Poll, a random telephone survey of Pennsylvanians, 18 years of age or older, in which citizens were asked about their attitudes toward and perceptions of such issues as fear of crime, capital punishment, the most important goal of prison, and where they would most like to see their tax dollars spent (building more prisons vs. early intervention programs with troubled youth). Significant differences were found within certain demographic groups across these sets of questions, and in a predictive model, gender, race/ethnicity, and education had a greater impact on citizens’ support for capital punishment than did their fear of crime. Overall, findings suggest that the public is not as punitive as it is sometimes believed to be by legislators and policy makers. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://cjp.sagepub.com/content/15/3/270.short ) [3194] => Array ( [objectID] => 6995 [title] => The Challenge to the Mandatory Death Penalty in the Commonwealth Caribbean [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-challenge-to-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-the-commonwealth-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The death penalty is a subject that, in the words of Justice Adrian Saunders of the Eastern Caribbean Court of Appeal, "invariably elicits passionate comment." Such comment is particularly so within the states that make up the Commonwealth Caribbean, where rising rates of violent crime have led to strong public clamor for a swift and final response. The involvement of foreign courts and quasi-judicial international tribunals in limiting the actual use of the death penalty in the Caribbean has made the issue even more politically charged, leading to a strongly held perception that the judgments of these foreign bodies are unacceptable challenges to the very exercise of Caribbean national sovereignty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=98+A.J.I.L.+126&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=a0c2292999ce85615a5b7f3fbc98f9ff ) [3195] => Array ( [objectID] => 6997 [title] => The Mandatory Death Penalty in the Commonwealth Caribbean and the Inter-American Human Rights System: An Evolution in the Development and Implementation of International Human Rights Protections [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-the-commonwealth-caribbean-and-the-inter-american-human-rights-system-an-evolution-in-the-development-and-implementation-of-international-human-rights-protections/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Among the most significant and compelling aspects of the litigation surrounding the issue of the mandatory death penalty in the Caribbean region has been the interplay between the procedures and jurisprudence of the inter-American human rights system and those of relevant domestic courts. In particular, the supervisory bodies of the inter-American system have relied upon the decisions of appellate courts in certain states employing the death penalty, and have concluded that the practice of mandatory sentencing for the death penalty contravened applicable international human rights norms. Subsequently, appellate courts in the Caribbean region explicitly relied upon the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in interpreting and applying rights that are protected under national constitutions. Moreover, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council found that the protection of due process of law under national constitutions extend to the procedures before the inter-American human rights system,' with the consequence that states were barred from executing capital defendants while their pending cases were before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and, where available, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1238&context=wmborj&sei-redir=1#search=%22he+Mandatory+Death+Penalty+in+the+Commonwealth+Caribbean+and+the+Inter-American+Human+Rights+System:+An+Evolution+in+the+Development+and+Implementation+of+International+Human+Rights+Protections%22 ) [3196] => Array ( [objectID] => 6998 [title] => The Death Penalty Is Dead Wrong: Jus Cogens Norms and the Evolving Standard of Decency [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-is-dead-wrong-jus-cogens-norms-and-the-evolving-standard-of-decency/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The conviction of Amina Lawal in Nigeria for committing adultery and sentence of death by stoning created an international outcry of support to overturn her sentence. The support she received is a reflection of the outrage many around the world feel toward this particular method of execution, and in a larger context the growing social norm that the death penalty should be abolished. As more of the world looks upon the death penalty as unfair, or cruel and unusual, or as torture, arguably, a jus cogens norm prohibiting the death penalty has developed in international law, and will ultimately be the vehicle by which the death penalty will be abolished worldwide. Part I of this comment will detail the plight of Amina Lawal, and how her situation is indicative of the globalization of human rights norms. In Part II, this comment will examine the meaning of a jus cogens norm and how it can be established in the context of capital punishment. Using human rights treaties, the law and practice of other nations, and international tribunal decisions, Part III will assert, citing other contexts, such as the "right to life," and the already entrenched jus cogens norm prohibiting torture, that a jus cogens norm abolishing the death penalty has arguably already been established. Finally, Part IV will assess what the effect of the establishment of a jus cogens norm prohibiting capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Nigeria ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=22+Penn+St.+Int%27l+L.+Rev.+459&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=21b4c02abe0a2eb09a4d7e70e095f3e5 ) [3197] => Array ( [objectID] => 7019 [title] => Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Philip Alston [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-report-of-the-special-rapporteur-philip-alston/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The analytical part of the report focuses in depth on a narrow range of issues, with an overall emphasis on accountability. The four principal topics addressed are: (i) genocide and crimes against humanity; (ii) violations of the right to life in armed conflict and internal strife; (iii) capital punishment; and (iv) violations of the right to life by non-State actors. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2005/7&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3198] => Array ( [objectID] => 7021 [title] => Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Philip Alston [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-report-of-the-special-rapporteur-philip-alston-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report is submitted pursuant to Commission resolution 2005/34, and should be read in conjunction with its various addenda. They provide the following: a detailed analysis of communications sent to Governments which describe alleged cases of extrajudicial executions; reports on country missions to Nigeria and Sri Lanka during 2005; a report on the principle of transparency in relation to the death penalty; and several reports aimed at following up on earlier country missions to the Sudan, Brazil, Honduras and Jamaica. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2006/53&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3199] => Array ( [objectID] => 7027 [title] => Arab Charter on Human Rights [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/arab-charter-on-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Article 51. Every human being has the inherent right to life.2. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.Article 6Sentence of death may be imposed only for the most serious crimes inaccordance with the laws in force at the time of commission of the crime and pursuant to a final judgement rendered by a competent court. Anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to seek pardon or commutation of the sentence.Article 71. Sentence of death shall not be imposed on persons under 18 years of age, unlessotherwise stipulated in the laws in force at the time of the commission of the crime.2. The death penalty shall not be inflicted on a pregnant woman prior to her deliveryor on a nursing mother within two years from the date of her delivery; in all cases, the best interests of the infant shall be the primary consideration. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://www.acihl.org/res/Arab_Charter_on_Human_Rights_2004.pdf ) [3200] => Array ( [objectID] => 7046 [title] => Question of the death penalty : report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to Commission resolution 2003/67 [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-submitted-pursuant-to-commission-resolution-2003-67/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report contains information covering the period from January 2003 through December 2003. The report indicates that the trend towards abolition of the death penalty continues, illustrated, inter alia, by the increase in the number of ratifications of international instruments that provide for the abolition of this punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2004/86&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3201] => Array ( [objectID] => 7059 [title] => The Death Penalty in Lesotho: The Law and Practice [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-lesotho-the-law-and-practice/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The first part of the paper looks at the national law governing the death penalty vis-à-vis international standards; the second part of the paper identifies the problems one encounters at the pretrial, trial and post trial stages and examines the attempts to solve some of these problems; the final part looks at present trends in the application of the death penalty and draws tentative conclusions as to the future prospects of the death penalty in Lesotho. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.biicl.org/files/2197_country_report_lesotho_owori.pdf ) [3202] => Array ( [objectID] => 7076 [title] => The Forgotten Population: A Look at Death Row in the United States Through the Experiences of Women [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-forgotten-population-a-look-at-death-row-in-the-united-states-through-the-experiences-of-women/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report -- the first-ever national survey of women currently on Death Row -- found that women who have been sentenced to death are often subjected to harsh living conditions, including being forced to live in virtual isolation, and many are sentenced for crimes that don't result in a death sentence for men. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclu.org/files/FilesPDFs/womenondeathrow.pdf ) [3203] => Array ( [objectID] => 7096 [title] => Innocence and the Crisis in the American Death Penalty [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/innocence-and-the-crisis-in-the-american-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report catalogs the emergence of innocence as the most important issue in the long-simmering death penalty debate. The sheer number of cases and the pervasive awareness of this trend in the public’s consciousness have changed the way capital punishment is perceived around the country. The steady evolution of this issue since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976 has been accelerated in recent years by the development of DNA technology, the new gold standard of forensic investigation. This science, along with a vigorous re-investigation of many cases, has led to the discovery of a growing number of tragic mistakes and freed inmates. The evidence in this report presents a compelling case for many Americans that the risks associated with capital punishment exceed acceptable bounds. One hundred and sixteen people have been freed from death row after being cleared of their charges, including 16 people in the past 20 months. These inmates cumulatively spent over 1,000 years awaiting their freedom. The pace of exonerations has sharply increased, raising doubts about the reliability of the whole system. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/innocence-and-crisis-american-death-penalty ) [3204] => Array ( [objectID] => 7126 [title] => THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2003 [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-of-2003/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The worldwide situation to date: The worldwide situation concerning the death penalty has once again registered a trend towards abolition in the past year. The countries or territories that to different extents have decided to give up the practice of capital punishment total 133, including the first months of 2004. Of these 81 have abolished the death penalty completely; 14 have abolished it for ordinary crimes; 1, Russia, as a member of the Council of Europe is committed to abolish it and in the meanwhile apply a moratorium on executions; 5 are observing moratoriums and 32 countries are de facto abolitionist, not having carried out executions for at least 10 years. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20140 ) [3205] => Array ( [objectID] => 7161 [title] => Protecting the right to life against the Death Penalty. Written observations to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on Legislative or Other Measures Denying Judicial or Other Effective Recourses to Challenge the Death Penalty. [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/protecting-the-right-to-life-against-the-death-penalty-written-observations-to-the-inter-american-court-of-human-rights-on-legislative-or-other-measures-denying-judicial-or-other-effective-recourses/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This document contains Amnesty International's written observations to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on legislative or other measures denying judicial or other effective recourse to challenge the death penalty; in the matter of a request by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights for an advisory opinion from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (article 64(1) of the American Convention on Human Rights) and in the matter of legislative measures concerning the mandatory imposition of the death penalty and related matters. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/IOR62/005/2004/en/545ffa8b-d557-11dd-bb24-1fb85fe8fa05/ior620052004en.pdf ) [3206] => Array ( [objectID] => 7166 [title] => STOP CHILD EXECUTIONS! Ending the death penalty for child offenders [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/stop-child-executions-ending-the-death-penalty-for-child-offenders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => International law prohibits the use of the death penalty for crimes committed by people younger than 18, yet some countries continue to execute child offenders or sentence them to death. Although executions of child offenders are few compared to the total number of executions in the world, they represent a complete disregard by the executing states of their commitments under international law, and an affront to all notions of morality and decency when it comes to the protection of children - one of the most vulnerable groups in society. This document describes the use of the death penalty against child offenders worldwide and its prohibition under international law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2004/en/bdc329b8-d64e-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/act500012004en.pdf ) [3207] => Array ( [objectID] => 7174 [title] => Indonesia: A briefing on the death penalty [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/indonesia-a-briefing-on-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This briefing follows the first executions in Indonesia in more than three years. Ayodhya Prasad Chaubey, an Indian national convicted of drug-trafficking in 1994, was executed by firing squad. Two Thai nationals, Saelow Prasert (m) and Namsong Sirilak (f), who had been sentenced to death in the same case, were executed on 1 October 2004. A total of at least 54 people are currently believed to be under sentence of death in Indonesia, 30 of them for drug-related offences. Amnesty International is concerned that these recent developments reflect an increasing willingness by the authorities to use the death penalty to address crime, in particular drug-trafficking. The organization is also concerned about calls to expand the number of crimes for which the death penalty may be imposed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA21/040/2004/en/405a28d4-d585-11dd-bb24-1fb85fe8fa05/asa210402004en.pdf ) [3208] => Array ( [objectID] => 7178 [title] => Nigeria: The death penalty and women under the Nigerian penal systems [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/nigeria-the-death-penalty-and-women-under-the-nigerian-penal-systems/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The recent extension in parts of Nigeria of the death penalty to areas many consider to be private aspects of life has focused the debate on both the appropriateness of the death penalty in general and on the use of the criminal justice system as a way to regulate sexual behaviour. Amnesty International Believes that the death penalty in its application in Nigeria in particular violates women's human rights to access to justice, according to international human rights law and standards, and has a discriminatory effect on women in certain cases and for certain crimes. This becomes especially serious in cases of capital punishment which is severely affecting women from deprived socio-economic backgrounds and remote areas. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR44/001/2004/en/071a7428-d64e-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/afr440012004en.pdf ) [3209] => Array ( [objectID] => 7193 [title] => Chad, Death Penalty: ending a moratorium, between security opportunism and settling of scores [timestamp] => 1072915200 [date] => 01/01/2004 [annee] => 2004 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chad-death-penalty-ending-a-moratorium-between-security-opportunism-and-settling-of-scores/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report is damning, showing a system of justice which attaches little importance to regional and international instruments for the protection of human rights ratified by Chad. The case was conducted with a haste wholly incompatible with the respect for the right to a fair trial - proceedings exclusively for the prosecution, confessions obtained under torture, refusal to take account of evidence brought by the defence during the investigation, no lawyer present during the investigation stage. This iniquitous trial proves the hypothesis that justice has been manipulated in order to hide the true nature of a crime and the identity of its perpetrators, whilst securing the executions of persons judged undesirable. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/td404a.pdf ) [3210] => Array ( [objectID] => 25310 [title] => Poster World Day 2003 [timestamp] => 1065744000 [date] => 10/10/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-2003/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster for the world day against the death penalty 2003 [texte] => October 10 th 2003WORLD DAY AGAINSTTHE DEATH PENALTY[[Organized by the Worldwide Coalition against the death penalty•Call to local initiativesall over the world•Worldwide Internet Appeal fromOctober 5 th to October 12 th•Program, information and InternetAppeal on the InternetInformationECPM5, rue primatice - F - 75013 ParisTél. : 00 33 +1 47 07 61 60Fax : 00 33 +1 47 07 65 10ecpm@abolition-ecpm.orgwww.worldcoalition.orgWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => file:///C:/Users/Ordi/Downloads/Affiche-JM2003-EN%20(A4).pdf ) [3211] => Array ( [objectID] => 25319 [title] => Poster World Day 2003 [timestamp] => 1065744000 [date] => 10/10/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/poster-world-day-2003-2/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Poster World Day 2003 [texte] => October 10 th 2003WORLD DAY AGAINSTTHE DEATH PENALTY[[Organized by the Worldwide Coalition against the death penalty•Call to local initiativesall over the world•Worldwide Internet Appeal fromOctober 5 th to October 12 th•Program, information and InternetAppeal on the InternetInformationECPM5, rue primatice - F - 75013 ParisTél. : 00 33 +1 47 07 61 60Fax : 00 33 +1 47 07 65 10ecpm@abolition-ecpm.orgwww.worldcoalition.orgWORLDCOALITIONAGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( [0] => Trend Towards Abolition ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => file:///C:/Users/Ordi/Downloads/Affiche-JM2003-EN%20(A4)-1.pdf ) [3212] => Array ( [objectID] => 5843 [title] => Gray Rules Guillory May Ask for Mercy [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/gray-rules-guillory-may-ask-for-mercy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article focuses on Lorilei Guillory, the mother of a 6-year-old Iowa boy murdered 11 years ago. Guillory wantsto be allowed to ask jurors for mercy for the man who allegedly molested and killed her child. Judge Al Gray said he will allow Guillory "to testify and ask for mercy if she wishes" during any penalty phase, but prosecutors are appealing the decision ot the Louisiana Supreme Court. Murder Victims' Families for Reconciliation filed an amicus curiae brief in the Louisiana Supreme Court in support of Lorilei Guillory's effort to testify in the penalty phase of the trial of the man who murdered her 6 year old son Jeremy and to express her opposition to the execution of her son's murderer [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/92 ) [3213] => Array ( [objectID] => 6611 [title] => NGO Media Outreach: Using the Media as an Advocacy Tool [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ngo-media-outreach-using-the-media-as-an-advocacy-tool/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A guide for NGOs to use media effectively. This guide explains the importance of media, how to create contacts, how to prepare a media outreach campaign, how to deliver a campaign to the media and how to use available resources to support your media campaign. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/8512139/ngo-media-outreach-using-the-media-as-an-advocacy-tool-amicc ) [3214] => Array ( [objectID] => 6623 [title] => Human Rights and Vulnerable Prisoners (pages 121-132) [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/human-rights-and-vulnerable-prisoners-pages-121-132/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This manual is a resource for those who deliver training and workshops on human rights in prisons. It explores the fundamentals of good prison management, focusing specifically on international standards for the treatment of prisoners and the special needs of vulnerable categories of prisoner. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/man-hr1-2003-vulnerable-prisoners-en.pdf ) [3215] => Array ( [objectID] => 6634 [title] => Guidelines for the Appointment and Performance of Defense Counsel in Death Penalty Cases [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guidelines-for-the-appointment-and-performance-of-defense-counsel-in-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The objective of these Guidelines is to set forth a national standard of practice for the defense of capital cases in order to ensure high quality legal representation for all persons facing the possible imposition or execution of a death sentence by any jurisdiction. These Guidelines apply from the moment the client is taken into custody and extend to all stages of every case in which the jurisdiction may be entitled to seek the death penalty, including initial and ongoing investigation, pretrial proceedings, trial, post-conviction review, clemency proceedings and any connected litigation. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/2011_build/death_penalty_representation/2003guidelines.authcheckdam.pdf ) [3216] => Array ( [objectID] => 6651 [title] => Educational Curriculum on the Death Penalty Classroom Resource Manual [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/educational-curriculum-on-the-death-penalty-classroom-resource-manual/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This web site and its accompanying materials are designed to assist both teachers and students in an exploration of capital punishment, presenting arguments for and against its use, as well as issues of ethics and justice that surround it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Campaigning ) [url_doc] => http://final-words.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/TeacherGuide.pdf ) [3217] => Array ( [objectID] => 6778 [title] => The Death Penalty: An American History [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-an-american-history/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Law professor Stuart Banner tells the story of how, over four centuries, dramatic changes have taken place in the ways capital punishment has been administered and experienced. Banner moves beyond the debates, to give us an unprecedented understanding of capital punishment's many meanings. As nearly four thousand inmates are now on death row, and almost one hundred are currently being executed each year, the furious debate is unlikely to diminish. The Death Penalty is invaluable in understanding the American way of the ultimate punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Death-Penalty-American-History/dp/0674010833/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1290762753&sr=1-1 ) [3218] => Array ( [objectID] => 6782 [title] => The Contradictions of American Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-contradictions-of-american-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Why does the United States continue to employ the death penalty when fifty other developed democracies have abolished it? Why does capital punishment become more problematic each year? How can the death penalty conflict be resolved?In The Contradictions of American Capital Punishment, Frank Zimring reveals that the seemingly insoluble turmoil surrounding the death penalty reflects a deep and long-standing division in American values, a division that he predicts will soon bring about the end of capital punishment in our country. On the one hand, execution would seem to violate our nation's highest legal principles of fairness and due process. It sets us increasingly apart from our allies and indeed is regarded by European nations as a barbaric and particularly egregious form of American exceptionalism. On the other hand, the death penalty represents a deeply held American belief in violent social justice that sees the hangman as an agent of local control and safeguard of community values. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://books.google.fr/books?id=4HTVhOX5t7gC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false ) [3219] => Array ( [objectID] => 6794 [title] => International Law Issues in Death Penalty Defense [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-law-issues-in-death-penalty-defense/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This short article will explore some additional issues regarding the relationship between international law and the death penalty. First, it will discuss some additional aspects of the representation of foreign nationals in capital cases. Second, it will discuss additional instances in which defense counsel can make international law arguments, regardless of the client’s nationality. Third, because international law issues are new to most lawyers in the United States, even those who are seasoned in capital litigation, it will suggest some alternative ways in which international law arguments can be made. The conclusion will put theUnited States experience with the death penalty into the broader context of world practice on the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_wilson.pdf ) [3220] => Array ( [objectID] => 6805 [title] => Why an Independent Appointed Authority Is Necessary to Choose Counsel for Indigent People in Capital Punishment Cases [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/why-an-independent-appointed-authority-is-necessary-to-choose-counsel-for-indigent-people-in-capital-punishment-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The revised ABA Guidelines for the Appointment and Performance of Defense Counsel in Death Penalty Cases require that an agency “independent of the judiciary” be responsible for “ensuring that each capital defendant in the jurisdiction receives high quality legal representation.” This independent agency “and not the judiciary or elected officials should select lawyers for specific cases.” These mandates reflect two realities that have become overwhelmingly clear: (1) judges—whether initially elected, subject to retention elections, or appointed—are subject to political pressures in connection with capital punishment cases; and (2) lawyers whom judges have appointed in capital punishment cases have frequently been of far lower quality than could have been selected. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_tabak.pdf ) [3221] => Array ( [objectID] => 6810 [title] => Commentary on Counsel’s Duty to Seek and Negotiate a Disposition in Capital cases (ABA Guideline 10.9.1) [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/commentary-on-counsels-duty-to-seek-and-negotiate-a-disposition-in-capital-cases-aba-guideline-10-9-1/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The ABA's revised Guidelines have squarely addressed the importance of seeking and negotiating dispositions in capital cases as a core component of effective representation in matters of life and death. Pleas have been available in the overwhelming majority of capital cases in the post-Furman era, including the cases of hundreds of prisoners who have been executed. There are no precise empirical data on this question. Plea negotiations are typically confidential, with both parties maintaining a posture of plausible denial if negotiations fail. The prosecutor may find it harder to argue to jurors that justice in a particular case requires a sentence of death if they know that he had offered the defendant a life sentence only weeks before. Defense counsel may not want to advertise her willingness to plead to first-degree murder if the case proceeds to trial and she is arguing to the jurors that the proof supports only second-degree. In addition, there are cases where a plea was acceptable to both sides, but negotiation never began because each side waited for the other to initiate discussions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=31+Hofstra+L.+Rev.+1157&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=22ed43e3bb8045f80919e4a088571e6d ) [3222] => Array ( [objectID] => 6811 [title] => Why Do White Americans Support the Death Penalty? [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/why-do-white-americans-support-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article explores the roots of white support for capital punishment in the United States. Our analysis addresses individual-level and contextual factors, paying particular attention to how racial attitudes and racial composition inﬂuence white support for capital punishment. Our ﬁndings suggest that white support hinges on a range of attitudes wider than prior research has indicated, including social and governmental trust and individualist and authoritarian values. Extending individual-level analyses, we also ﬁnd that white responses to capital punishment are sensitive to local context. Perhaps most important, our results clarify the impact of race in two ways. First, racial prejudice emerges here as a comparatively strong predictor of white support for the death penalty. Second, black residential proximity functions to polarize white opinion along lines of racial attitude. As the black percentage of county residents rises, so too does the impact of racial prejudice on white support for capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://journals.cambridge.org/action//displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1953508&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S002238160000181X ) [3223] => Array ( [objectID] => 6830 [title] => The Defense Team in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-defense-team-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Fairness for those defendants facing the ultimate punishment of death requires that they be afforded zealous advocacy by competent counsel, and that counsel be provided with the resources necessary to effectively represent their clients. Stating that “[o]ur capital system is haunted by the demon of error, error in determining guilt, and error in determining who among the guilty deserves to die,” Governor Ryan cited many deficiencies in the justice system in Illinois, including poor lawyering and inadequate resources for defense counsel, in arriving at his decision to commute all death sentences. Over the years the imposition of the death penalty has too often been a function of unqualified counsel or counsel who lacked the resources, including time, funding, and provision of investigative, expert and supportive services, to competently represent their clients, rather than a reasoned decision based on the circumstances of the crime and the background and character of the defendant. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_jill_miller.pdf ) [3224] => Array ( [objectID] => 6837 [title] => The Guiding Hand of Counsel’ and the ABA Guidelines for the Appointment and Performance of Defense Counsel in Death Penalty Cases [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-guiding-hand-of-counsel-and-the-aba-guidelines-for-the-appointment-and-performance-of-defense-counsel-in-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The ABA has long been concerned with the provision of effective counsel for all criminal defendants, especially for those facing the death penalty. In 1989, the ABA first published its Guidelines for the Appointment and Performance of Counsel in Death Penalty Cases, which detailed the kind of competent, effective legal representation that all capital defendants were entitled to receive. Earlier this year, after a two-year effort drawing upon the expertise of a broad group ofdistinguished and experienced judges, lawyers, and academics, the ABA House of Delegates overwhelmingly approved revisions to those Guidelines to update and expand upon the obligations of death penalty jurisdictions to ensure due process of law and justice. “These Guidelines are not aspirational.” They articulate a national standard of care and the minimum that should be required in the defense of capital cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_maher.pdf ) [3225] => Array ( [objectID] => 6847 [title] => A New Profession for an Old Need: Why a Mitigation Specialist Must be Included on the Capital Defense Team [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-new-profession-for-an-old-need-why-a-mitigation-specialist-must-be-included-on-the-capital-defense-team/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The fundamental task of the mitigation specialist is to conduct a comprehensive social history of the defendant and identify all relevant mitigation issues. The 2003 revised edition of the American Bar Association Guidelines for the Appointment and Performance of Defense Counsel in Death Penalty Cases recognizes the mitigation specialist as an “indispensable member of the defense team throughout all capital proceedings.” What are the particular responsibilities and contributions of a mitigation specialist and what makes them so essential to the capital defense team as to warrant this long overdue recognition by the ABA Guidelines? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_leonard.pdf ) [3226] => Array ( [objectID] => 6863 [title] => Mercy By the Numbers: An Empirical Analysis of Clemency and Its Structure [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mercy-by-the-numbers-an-empirical-analysis-of-clemency-and-its-structure/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Clemency is an extrajudicial measure intended both to enhance fairness in the administration of justice, and allow for the correction of mistakes. Perhaps nowhere are these goals more important than in the death penalty context. The recent increased use of the death penalty and concurrent decline in the number of defendants removed from death row through clemency call for a better and deeper understanding of clemency authority and its application. Questions about whether clemency decisions are consistently and fairly distributed are particularly apt. This study uses 27 years of death penalty and clemency data to explore the influence of defendant characteristics, political factors, and clemency's structure on clemency decisions. The results suggest that although a defendant's race and ethnicity did not influence clemency, gender did play a role, as women were far more likely than their male counterparts to receive clemency. Analyses of political and structural factors point in different directions. Political factors such as the timing of gubernatorial and presidential elections and a governor's lame-duck status did not systematically influence clemency. However, how states structure clemency authority did make a difference. Clemency grants were more likely in states that vest authority in administrative boards than in states that vest authority in the governor. Regionality and time were also important as clemency grants were less likely in southern states and declined after 1984. Overall, these mixed results contribute to a critique that clemency decisions are arbitrary and inconsistent. Thus, important questions regarding fairness that plague earlier aspects of the death penalty process persist to its final stage. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kt9s252 ) [3227] => Array ( [objectID] => 6882 [title] => The Professional Obligation to Raise Frivolous Issues in Death Penalty Cases [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-professional-obligation-to-raise-frivolous-issues-in-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Lawyers are generally familiar with the ethical rule forbidding frivolous arguments, principally because of sanctions imposed under rules of civil procedure for making such arguments. Not all lawyers are aware, however, of two ways in which the prohibitions of frivolous arguments are restricted in both the rules themselves and in their enforcement. First, the ethical rules have express limitations with respect to arguments made on behalf of criminal defendants, and courts are generally loath to sanction criminal defense lawyers. Second, the term “frivolous” is narrowed, even in civil cases, by the way it is defined and explained in the ethical rules and in court decisions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_freedman_cp2.pdf ) [3228] => Array ( [objectID] => 6883 [title] => Add Resources and Apply Them Systemically: Governments’ Responsibilities Under the Revised ABA Capital Defense Representation Guidelines [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/add-resources-and-apply-them-systemically-governments-responsibilities-under-the-revised-aba-capital-defense-representation-guidelines/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The mainstream legal community, including the ABA, has long understood the importance of system-building, but the revised Guidelines state the point especially forcefully. In articulating “the current consensus about what is required to provide effective defense representation in capital cases,” they set high performance standards not just for lawyers, but for death penalty jurisdictions. As the problems are systemic, it is “imperative” that the solutions be.The Guidelines accordingly not only call on governments to deliver capital defense resources that are sufficient in amount, but also furnish the states with a user-friendly blueprint for using those resources wisely to create structures that will function well in the present and evolve effectively over time. This mandate for institution-building is welcome, and the states should lead it. Indeed, they must do so if the Guidelines are to achieve their ameliorative purposes and avoid becoming just a collection of lofty aspirations “‘that palter with us in a double sense, that keep the word of promise to our ear, and break it to our hope". [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_Freedman_CP.pdf ) [3229] => Array ( [objectID] => 6885 [title] => Making the Last Chance Meaningful: Predecessor Counsel’s Ethical Duty to the Capital Defendant [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/making-the-last-chance-meaningful-predecessor-counsels-ethical-duty-to-the-capital-defendant/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The thesis of this paper is that lawyers who have represented clients in capital murder cases at trial and appeal—not unlike all criminal trial and initial appeal counsel, but more urgently because of the circumstances—continue to owe important obligations to their former clients. These obligations have been just recently included in the latest version of the American Bar Association’s Guidelines for the Appointment and Performance of Defense Counsel in Death PenaltyCases: In accordance with professional norms, all persons who are or have been members of the defense team have a continuing duty to safeguard the interests of the client and should cooperate fully with successor counsel. This duty includes, but is not limited to: A. maintaining the records of the case in a manner that will inform successor counsel of all significant developments relevant to the litigation; B. providing the client’s files, as well as information regarding all aspects of the representation, to successor counsel; C. sharing potential further areas of legal and factual research with successor counsel; and D. cooperating with such professionally appropriate legal strategies as may be chosen by successor counsel. It is my hope that this article will demonstrate that these Guidelines reflect not just best practice, but actual ethical mandates that trial counsel, like Bryan Saunders, owe their former clients as those clients negotiate the jurisprudential maze known as habeas corpus. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_lawrence_fox.pdf ) [3230] => Array ( [objectID] => 6916 [title] => Compliance with ICJ Provisional Measures and the Meaning of Review and Reconsideration Under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations: Avena and other Mexican Nationals (Mex. v. U.S.) [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/compliance-with-icj-provisional-measures-and-the-meaning-of-review-and-reconsideration-under-the-vienna-convention-on-consular-relations-avena-and-other-mexican-nationals-mex-v-u-s/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => For the third time in a span of five years, a country has brought suit against the United States in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for violations of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR) in capital cases. 1 And, for the third time, the ICJ has issued an order of provisional measures. The most recent order indicates that: "the United States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that [three named Mexican defendants] are not executed pending final judgment in these proceedings." (Avena case) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Mexico ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&doctype=cite&docid=25+Mich.+J.+Int%27l+L.+117&key=210b5159dc19a5416ae50056776c72b0 ) [3231] => Array ( [objectID] => 6917 [title] => The Failed Failsafe: The Politics of Executive Clemency [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-failed-failsafe-the-politics-of-executive-clemency/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article discusses the role of executive clemency in light of the current political environment. Attending to the political aspects of the capital litigation process gives insight into the trends in the use of executive clemency [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/tfcl8&div=13&id=&page= ) [3232] => Array ( [objectID] => 6926 [title] => Explaining Spatial Variation in Support for Capital Punishment: A Multilevel Analysis [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/explaining-spatial-variation-in-support-for-capital-punishment-a-multilevel-analysis/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This research examines the effects of social context on support for the death penalty using individual-level data from the 1974-98 General Social Survey (GSS) which have been linked with aggregate level data on homicide rates and sociodemographic, political and economic characteristics. This study finds that residents of areas with higher homicide rates, a larger proportion of blacks, and a more conservative political climate are significantly more likely to support the death penalty, net of compositional differences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=15045076 ) [3233] => Array ( [objectID] => 6931 [title] => THE DEATH PENALTY, EXTRADITION, AND THE WAR AGAINST TERRORISM: U.S. RESPONSES TO EUROPEAN OPINION ABOUT CAPITAL PUNISHMENT [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-extradition-and-the-war-against-terrorism-u-s-responses-to-european-opinion-about-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article gives insight into the different opinions held by the US and Europe in terms of the death penalty. The interplay between terrorism, the death penalty and extradition is also examined. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=9+Buff.+Hum.+Rts.+L.+Rev.+161&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=01bc103aa6dc8dab1c4c575897b3a657 ) [3234] => Array ( [objectID] => 6936 [title] => Restraints on Death Penalty in Europe: A Circular Process [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/restraints-on-death-penalty-in-europe-a-circular-process/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => That the European area is a zone free of capital punishment is the result of a complex process of restraints that has evolved over the last 50 years. Domestic, regional and universal international law, as well as certain components within each level, have influenced each other to produce a dynamic, circular movement towards abolition. Starting from the internal level, restraints on the death penalty rose up to the regional and universal levels, and then descended back down into domestic law. This process, however, has not produced a completely closed circle, and certain countries in Europe retain legislation permitting recourse to the death penalty for certain crimes, especially war crimes and, according to recent interpretations, criminal offences related to terrorist activity. Extradition or other administrative mechanisms of expulsion also illustrate potential disjunctions in the circle, as they may allow persons to be transferred to retentionist countries. Even though the legislative framework has significantly evolved in the last few years, the dominant role played by political evaluations creates new fissures in the abolitionist circle. Only recently have new abolitionist perspectives emerged from the ‘right of interference’ in foreign death penalty cases, which some countries try to exercise when their own nationals are involved. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://jicj.oxfordjournals.org/content/1/2/263.full.pdf+html ) [3235] => Array ( [objectID] => 6937 [title] => CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND ELITE POLITICS: DISSENSUS AND THE DEATH PENALTY IN AMERICA [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-elite-politics-dissensus-and-the-death-penalty-in-america/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Drawing from televised debates over capital punishment on CNN’s Crossfire from February 2000 to June 2002, I argue that Teles’s (1998) theory of “dissensus politics” is useful in understanding the U.S.’s preservation of capital punishment as well as current divisions in death penalty sentiment within the U.S. I pose the retention of capital punishment as the product of rival elites who are unwilling to forsake capital punishment’s moral character (and often the political benefits it offers), and who consequently ignore an American public that appears to have reached a measured consensus of doubt about the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.emeraldinsight.com/books.htm?issn=1059-4337&volume=29&chapterid=1759180&show=abstract ) [3236] => Array ( [objectID] => 6945 [title] => Ten Years of Payne: Victim Impact Evidence in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ten-years-of-payne-victim-impact-evidence-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Part I of this Article will discuss the Court's prior decisions in Booth and Gathers, and Parts II and III will briefly attempt to clarify the parameters of the Payne holding. Part IV of this Article will survey the current legal landscape of state and federal practice regarding the admissibility of VIE and argument. Finally, this Article will offer in conclusion some brief perspectives on several unresolved issues in this particularly thorny (and misguided) area of capital punishment jurisprudence. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/cornell-law-review/upload/Blume-2.pdf ) [3237] => Array ( [objectID] => 6950 [title] => Constitutional Implications of Crime Victims as Participants [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/constitutional-implications-of-crime-victims-as-participants/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Part I of this Article examines the evolution of victims from interested parties to participants giving sentencing recommendations. Part II examines the constitutionality of victim sentencing participation laws and explains why crime victims' sentencing recommendations in capital cases are constitutional. In Part III, this Article shows how existing judicial procedures provide adequate constitutional safeguards. Finally, Part IV demonstrates how victims of capital homicide are harmed when the law denies them the ability to recommend sentences [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2904&context=clr ) [3238] => Array ( [objectID] => 6977 [title] => Chinese Executions: Visualising their Differences with European Supplices [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/chinese-executions-visualising-their-differences-with-european-supplices/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => European executions obeyed a complex model that the author proposes to call 'the supplice pattern'. The term supplice designates tortures and tormented executions, but it also includes their cultural background. The European way of executing used religious deeds, aesthetic devices and performing arts techniques which themselves called for artistic representations through paintings, theatre, etc. Moreover, Christian civilisation was unique in the belief that the spectacle of a painful execution had a redemptive effect on the criminals and the attendants as well. Chinese executions obeyed an entirely different conception. They were designed to show that punishment fitted the crime as provided in the penal code. All details were aimed to highlight and inculcate the meaning of the law, while signs of emotions, deeds, words, that could have interfered with the lesson in law were prohibited. In China, capital executions were not organized as a show nor subject to aesthetic representations, and they had no redemptive function. This matter-of-fact way of executing people caused Westerners deep uneasiness. The absence of religious background and staging devices was interpreted as a sign of barbarity and cruelty. What was stigmatised was not so much the facts that their failure to conform to the 'supplice pattern' that constituted for any Westerner the due process of capital executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => China ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/eeas/2003/00000002/00000001/art00007 ) [3239] => Array ( [objectID] => 7017 [title] => Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Asma Jahangir, submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 2002/36 [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-report-of-the-special-rapporteur-asma-jahangir-submitted-pursuant-to-commission-on-human-rights-resolution-2002-36/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report also discusses the issue of capital punishment and makes reference to death penalty cases in which the Special Rapporteur has intervened in reaction to reports that the sentences concerned had been passed in violation of international restrictions and human rights standards. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2003/3&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3240] => Array ( [objectID] => 7018 [title] => Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Asma Jahangir [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-report-of-the-special-rapporteur-asma-jahangir/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report also discusses the issue of capital punishment and makes reference to death penalty cases in which the Special Rapporteur has intervened in reaction to reports that the sentences concerned had been passed in violation of international restrictions and human rights standards. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2004/7&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3241] => Array ( [objectID] => 7045 [title] => Question of the death penalty : report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 2002/77 [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/question-of-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-submitted-pursuant-to-commission-on-human-rights-resolution-2002-77/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present report contains information covering the period from January 2001 through December 2002, in order to ensure that there are no gaps in coverage since the last version of the sixth quinquennial report which covered information up to the end of 2000. The report indicates that the trend towards abolition of the death penalty continues, which is illustrated, inter alia, by the increase in the number of ratifications of international instruments that provide for the abolition of this punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2003/106&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3242] => Array ( [objectID] => 7055 [title] => REPORT ON THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/report-on-the-criminal-justice-system-in-trinidad-and-tobago/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The purpose of the Report is to assist the Honourable Court by describing the criminal justice process in Trinidad as it applies to those accused of murder. As a criminal defence and constitutional law attorneys in Trinidad, we have been asked to address, in particular, some of the shortcomings apparent in the Trinidadian criminal justice system and certain related constitutional issues. The Report deals with the following issues: a. The constitutional history and sources of law in Trinidad; b. The law of murder in Trinidad; c. An overview of criminal procedure; d. The stages of the criminal process in murder cases; e. The mandatory death penalty; f. The prerogative of mercy. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago ) [3243] => Array ( [objectID] => 7073 [title] => Juvenile Death Penalty: Is It Cruel and Unusual in Light of Contemporary Standards [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/juvenile-death-penalty-is-it-cruel-and-unusual-in-light-of-contemporary-standards/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Reviews the use of the death penalty on juveniles in light of contemporary standards. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/criminal_justice_section_newsletter/crimjust_juvjus_abacjs.authcheckdam.pdf ) [3244] => Array ( [objectID] => 7084 [title] => Broken Justice: The Death Penalty in Virginia [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/broken-justice-the-death-penalty-in-virginia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In April of 2000, the ACLU of Virginia published its first report on the status of the death penalty in Virginia. Since that time, a remarkable number of changes have taken place on this issue both in Virginia and throughout the country, which necessitated a second edition of the report. The first report examined four aspects of the administration of capital punishment in Virginia: prosecutorial discretion in the charging of capital crimes, quality of legal representation for the accused at trial, appellate review of trials resulting in the death penalty and the role of race. This report will look at those four areas and also add several other issues: the problem of prosecutorial misconduct in capital cases, the problem of executing mentally retarded offenders, the question of executing juvenile offenders and the danger of executing wrongfully convicted persons, as shown by the growing number of individuals who have been exonerated while on death row. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclu.org/files/FilesPDFs/broken_justice.pdf ) [3245] => Array ( [objectID] => 7125 [title] => SUMMARY OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2002 [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/summary-of-the-most-important-facts-of-2002/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The worldwide situation to date: The practice of the death penalty has drastically diminished in the past few years. Today the countries or territories that have abolished it or decline to apply it number 130. Of these: 78 are totally abolitionist; 14 are abolitionist for ordinary crimes; 2 are committed to abolition as members of the Council of Europe and in the meanwhile observe a moratorium; 6 countries are currently observing a moratorium and 30 are de facto abolitionist, not having executed any death sentences in the past ten years. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20129 ) [3246] => Array ( [objectID] => 7143 [title] => West Africa: Time to abolish the death penalty [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/west-africa-time-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This doument summarizes each of the 16 ECOWAS countries' legislation on the death penalty, provides information on the most recent executions and convictions and notes the view currently taken by the governments concerned. Two thirds have already abolished the death penalty [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR05/003/2003/en/6ad4e91e-d687-11dd-ab95-a13b602c0642/afr050032003en.pdf ) [3247] => Array ( [objectID] => 7157 [title] => The death penalty worldwide: developments in 2002 [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-worldwide-developments-in-2002/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper covers significant events concerning the death penalty during the year 2002. Other subjects covered in this paper include significant judicial decisions; important studies; the use of the death penalty against the innocent; reductions in the scope of the death penalty; moratoria and commutations; and moves to restrict appeals in capital cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/002/2003/en/57cd984b-d750-11dd-b024-21932cd2170d/act500022003en.pdf ) [3248] => Array ( [objectID] => 7158 [title] => The exclusion of child offenders from the death penalty under general international law [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-exclusion-of-child-offenders-from-the-death-penalty-under-general-international-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In October 2002 the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights held that "a norm of international customary law has emerged prohibiting the execution of offenders under the age of 18 years at the time of their crime" and that "this rule has been recognized as being of a sufficiently indelible nature to now constitute a norm of jus cogens". This paper examines the evidence supporting the conclusion that the use of the death penalty against child offenders (people convicted of crimes committed under the age of 18) is prohibited under customary international law and as a peremptory norm of general international law (jus cogens). [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/004/2003/en/63f9a108-d712-11dd-b0cc-1f0860013475/act500042003en.pdf ) [3249] => Array ( [objectID] => 7192 [title] => The Death Penalty in Japan: A Practice Unworthy of a Democracy [timestamp] => 1041379200 [date] => 01/01/2003 [annee] => 2003 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-japan-a-practice-unworthy-of-a-democracy/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Despite the Japanese Federation of Bar Associations’ efforts towards improving the defence system, Japanese prisoners - especially those sentenced to death - do not receive a fair trial.The Daiyo Kangoku practice is one amongst several practices which allows suspects to be detained in police stations for 23 days, contravening the rules of a fair trial. Confessions, which can be obtained through strong pressure, give police the basis for accusation. Furthermore, the conditions on death row themselves amount to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatments: Once the death sentence has been delivered, the prisoner is held in solitary confinement. Detainees have extremely limited contact with families and lawyers and meetings are closely monitored. Above all, prisoners live with the constant fear of never knowing if today will be their last day. The prisoner is informed that the execution will take place on the very same day, and family members are notified the following day. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/jp359a.pdf ) [3250] => Array ( [objectID] => 6122 [title] => The Innocents [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-innocents/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Innocents documents the stories of individuals who served time in prison for violent crimes they did not commit. At issue is the question of photography's function as a credible eyewitness and arbiter of justice. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://tarynsimon.com/works_innocents.php ) [3251] => Array ( [objectID] => 6332 [title] => Paralegals in Rwanda A Case Study by Penal Reform International [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/paralegals-in-rwanda-a-case-study-by-penal-reform-international/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Paralegals are becoming an increasingly important part of the criminal justice system in developing countries. By ensuring more people are aware of their rights within the prison system and can therefore represent themselves and follow up on their cases, paralegals contribute towards a reduction in numbers in pre-trial detention. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/Rwanda%20paralegals%20final%20PDF_0.pdf?utm_source=Penal+Reform+International+e-bulletin&utm_campaign=ab98f0ae5f-PRI_enews_July_2012&utm_medium=email ) [3252] => Array ( [objectID] => 6333 [title] => Paralegal Aid Clinics: A handbook for paralegals working in prisons [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/paralegal-aid-clinics-a-handbook-for-paralegals-working-in-prisons/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Paralegal Advisory Service (PAS) trainers manual for conducting paralegal aid clinics (PLCs) inside prison has been written for paralegal facilitators who will conduct PLCs in prisons aimed principally at remand prisoners [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.penalreform.org/files/man-2002-paralegal-handbook-en.pdf ) [3253] => Array ( [objectID] => 6644 [title] => The Needs of the Wrongfully Convicted: A Report on a Panel Discussion [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-needs-of-the-wrongfully-convicted-a-report-on-a-panel-discussion/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report has been prepared for Governor Ryan’s Commission on Capital Punishment to provide additional information on those who have been wrongfully convicted of murder and subsequently incarcerated. It is hoped that this information is useful in the Commission’s consideration of possible improvements in the way criminal justice agencies and allied entities meet the needs of those who have been wrongfully convicted. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.icjia.state.il.us/public/pdf/ResearchReports/Needs.pdf ) [3254] => Array ( [objectID] => 6757 [title] => America Without the Death Penalty: States Leading the Way [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/america-without-the-death-penalty-states-leading-the-way/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Twelve states and the District of Columbia do not impose the death penalty. The authors, all sociology professors at American universities, use the case-study method to examine why this is so. The factors they consider include murder rates, the history of executions, economic circumstances, public opinion, mass media, population diversity, and each state's abolition of the death penalty. They also examine the role of a state's social, cultural, and economic leaders in public debate on capital punishment. The states studied are Michigan, Wisconsin, Maine, Minnesota, North Dakota, Alaska, Hawaii, Iowa, and West Virginia, though there is also some discussion of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, and the District of Columbia. Media reports and government documents were reviewed and legislators, civil servants, journalists, death-penalty activists, and others interviewed. Throughout, the authors express an abolitionist point of view, stating "We hope this book will provide practical information to those interested in furthering death penalty abolition in the United States and throughout the world." [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/America-Without-Death-Penalty-Leading/dp/1555536395/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1296658976&sr=1-1 ) [3255] => Array ( [objectID] => 6759 [title] => Capital Punishment and the Bible [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-the-bible/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Capital Punishment and the Bible goes beyond proof-text arguments to examine biblical statements about capital punishment in their historical contexts and for present meaning. Does the use of capital punishment in the USA meet Old Testament standards for fairness? How did Jesus and the early church extend God's love in restorative justice? Gardner C. Hanks convincingly shows that the use of the death penalty is not consistent with Jesus' call for love and forgiveness. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Capital-Punishment-and-the-Bible/Gardner-C-Hanks/e/9780836191950 ) [3256] => Array ( [objectID] => 6763 [title] => A Comparative Analysis of Capital Punishment: Statutes, Policies, Frequencies, and Public Attitudes the World Over [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-comparative-analysis-of-capital-punishment-statutes-policies-frequencies-and-public-attitudes-the-world-over/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => A Comparative Analysis of Capital Punishment provides a concise and detailed history of the death penalty. Incorporating and synthesizing public opinion data and empirical studies, Simon and Blaskovich's work compares, across societies, the types of offenses punishable by death, the level of public support for the death penalty, the forms the penalty takes, and the categories of persons exempt from punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://books.google.fr/books?id=tpmQDVdv3UgC&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=A+Comparative+Analysis+of+Capital+Punishment:+Statutes,+Policies,+Frequencies,+and+Public+Attitudes+the+World+Over&source=bl&ots=YuiwoKoF0I&sig=hmGdDR9ESPSaEaKu1r0SXPSRNzI&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=YsxYU8yjCoWs0QW1loGwAw&ved=0CE4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=A%20Comparative%20Analysis%20of%20Capital%20Punishment%3A%20Statutes%2C%20Policies%2C%20Frequencies%2C%20and%20Public%20Attitudes%20the%20World%20Over&f=false ) [3257] => Array ( [objectID] => 6776 [title] => The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-international-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This extensively revised third edition covers developments since publication of the second edition in 1997. It includes consideration of the UN human rights system, international humanitarian law, European human rights law and Inter-American human rights law. New chapters address capital punishment in African human rights law and international criminal law. An extensive list of appendices contains many of the essential documents for the study of capital punishment in international law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Abolition-Death-Penalty-International-Law/dp/0521893445 ) [3258] => Array ( [objectID] => 6790 [title] => Towards an Islamic Critique of Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/towards-an-islamic-critique-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In general, Muslim nations recognize the validity of the death penalty, and many frequently impose it. According to Amnesty International, between 1985 and mid-1988, Saudi Arabia executed 140 prisoners for the crimes of murder, robbery with violence, drug smuggling or distribution, and adultery. During the same period, Pakistan executed 115, primarily for the crime of murder. Hundreds every year faced the firing squad in Iraq for murder, desertion, treason, sabotage, and economic corruption. At the same time, the Islamic Republic of Iran executed more than 743 inmates for murder, drug crimes, political offenses, prostitution, adultery and other "moral offenses," including "being corrupt on earth" and "being at enmity with God." In face of the widespread acceptance of the death penalty within the Muslim world, this essay explores the contours of an Islamic argument against capital punishment. The argument is not, and cannot be, an appeal for the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances. It does call into question, however, the legitimacy - indeed, the legality in accordance with the principles of classical Islamic law, or the Shari'ah - of capital punishment as it is practiced in the era of Islamization. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Iran (Islamic Republic of) ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=1+UCLA+J.+Islamic+%26+Near+E.L.+269&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=3e57f4e2de71bd6a2ad745adb6719558 ) [3259] => Array ( [objectID] => 6796 [title] => Ohio’s Death Penalty Statute: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ohios-death-penalty-statute-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As of November 2001, 203 men sit on Ohio’s death row. With the executions of Wilford Berry on February 19, 1999, Jay D. Scott on June 14, 2001, and John Byrd, Jr. on February 19, 2002, the death penalty in Ohio is a reality. The capital defense practitioner representing a client at trial or on appeal must be prepared to defend his or her client against that reality. To that end, this article examines the statutory framework within which capital cases are prosecuted with the express purpose of aiding defense practitioners and improving the quality of capital representation in Ohio. This article analyzes both the positive and negative aspects of Ohio’s death penalty statute. To meet its twin objects, practical advice and suggested litigation strategies are intermingled with critical analysis of the law in Ohio. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/03/63.1.wilhelm.pdf ) [3260] => Array ( [objectID] => 6806 [title] => Gendering the Death Penalty: Countering Sex Bias in a Masculine Sanctuary [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/gendering-the-death-penalty-countering-sex-bias-in-a-masculine-sanctuary/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => American death penalty laws and procedures persistently minimize cases involving female capital offenders. Recognizing some benign explanations for this disparate impact, Professor Streib nonetheless sees the dearth of female death penalty trials, death sentences, and actual executions as signaling sex bias throughout the death penalty system. In this article, he provides data concerning death sentencing and execution patterns and then suggests both substantive and procedural means to address the apparent sex bias. Much more significant, however, is the unique lens for examining the death penalty that is provided by a sex bias analysis. Professor Streib concludes that this perspective unmasks the system’s crime-fighting rhetoric to reveal a macho refuge that masculinizes all who enter therein. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/03/63.1.streib.pdf ) [3261] => Array ( [objectID] => 6808 [title] => The Politics of Fear and Death: Successive Problems in Capital Federal Habeas Corpus.” [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-politics-of-fear-and-death-successive-problems-in-capital-federal-habeas-corpus/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) of 1996 was drafted, enacted, and signed in an atmosphere of anger and fear. The legislation, which includes substantial cutbacks in the federal habeas corpus remedy, was Congress's response to the tragedy of the Oklahoma City bombing. During the congressional hearings on the bills that culminated in AEDPA, the proponents of the legislation claimed that its habeas corpus restrictions and other provisions were necessary to fight domestic terrorism. The Senate bill was approved by the House on April 18, 1996, the day before the one-year anniversary of the Oklahoma City bombing. President Bill Clinton invoked the bombing in a statement he issued at the time of the Senate's passage of the legislation and again when he signed the legislation into law. Even at the time of the debates, some courageous legislators were willing to denounce the fallacious connection that the bill's proponents drew between the bombing and the broader issues of the scope and availability of habeas corpus review. Many of the habeas corpus restrictions ultimately built into AEDPA had been under consideration by Congress since 1990, though none had been adopted. The congressional proponents of these restrictions seized upon the Oklahoma City tragedy as a means of accomplishing their longstanding goal to scale back federal habeas corpus review. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=77+N.Y.U.L.+Rev.+699&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=cdeee8fae83639f5a75e3bb5e77660c8 ) [3262] => Array ( [objectID] => 6809 [title] => Should Abolitionists Support Legislative “Reform” of the Death Penalty? [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/should-abolitionists-support-legislative-reform-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => We assessed the Court’s reformist project on its own terms, asking whether the Court achieved the goals explicit or tolerated, if not invited, the inequalities and capriciousness characteristic of the pre-Furman era. We also argued that, apart from its failure on its own terms, the Supreme Court’s reformist regulation of capital punishment might well have carried an additional unanticipated cost. Whereas abolitionists initially sought judicial regulation of the death penalty as at least a first step towards abolition, judicial reform actually may have helped to stabilize the death penalty as a social practice. We argued that the appearance of intensive regulation of state death penalty practices, notwithstanding its virtual absence, played a role in legitimizing the practice of capital punishment in the eyes of actors both within and outside the criminal justice system, and we pointed to some objective indicators—such as the dramatic decline in the use of executive clemency in the post-Furman era[12] —as support for this thesis. Implicit in Furman and the 1976 foundational cases. Our assessment was not a positive one. Although the reformist approach spawned an extraordinarily intricate and detailed capital punishment jurisprudence, the resulting doctrines were in practical terms largely unresponsive to the underlying concerns for fairness and heightened reliability that had first led to the constitutional regulation of the death penalty. We described contemporary capital punishment law as the worst of all possible worlds. Its sheer complexity led to numerous reversals of death sentences and thus imposed substantial costs on state criminal justice systems. On closer inspection, however, the complexity concealed the minimalist nature of the Court’s reforms. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/03/63.1.steiker.pdf ) [3263] => Array ( [objectID] => 6813 [title] => The Death Penalty in Ohio: Fairness, Reliability, and Justice at Risk—A Report on Reforms in Ohio’s Use of the Death Penalty Since the 1997 Ohio State Bar Association Recommendations [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-ohio-fairness-reliability-and-justice-at-risk-a-report-on-reforms-in-ohios-use-of-the-death-penalty-since-the-1997-ohio-state-bar-association-recommendations/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report as presented to the Ohio State Bar Association Council of Delegates in 1997,the OSBA’s recommendations and, where there have been changes in the law since that time, updates reflecting those changes. New information is noted at the conclusion of each section of the report immediately following the OSBA recommendation for that section. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/03/63.1.shank_.pdf ) [3264] => Array ( [objectID] => 6815 [title] => The “New Abolitionism” and the Possibilities of Legislative Action: The New Hampshire Experience [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-new-abolitionism-and-the-possibilities-of-legislative-action-the-new-hampshire-experience/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Recently, the work of the abolitionist community has shifted from the courts to the legislatures. In this article, Professor Sarat examines the significance of what he calls the “new abolitionism” in the politics of legislation aimed at changing or ending the death penalty. The author describes the new abolitionism in detail and then examines its role in the May 2000 vote of the New Hampshire State Legislature to repeal the death penalty. The author concludes that the focus of the new abolitionism on the practical liabilities of our system of capital punishment makes it possible for legislators to oppose the death penalty whilepresenting themselves as guardians of widely shared values and the integrity and fairness of our legal institutions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/03/63.1.sarat_.pdf ) [3265] => Array ( [objectID] => 6840 [title] => Experimenting with Death: An Examination of Colorado’s Use of the Three-Judge Panel in Capital Sentencing [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/experimenting-with-death-an-examination-of-colorados-use-of-the-three-judge-panel-in-capital-sentencing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Mr. Page committed an atrocious crime. He did not know his victim, Peyton Tuthill, a young woman who had recently graduated from college and moved to Denver. But he was in her house, looking for money and items to sell, when she returned from a job interview. Instead of leaving her home, Mr. Page stayed to beat Peyton Tuthill, tie her up, stab her, slit her throat, rape her repeatedly, and eventually, kill her. Clearly, Ms. Tuthill did not deserve to die such a tortured death. Clearly, her death resulted from an egregious crime. However, the answer to the question of whether Mr. Page should be executed for committing this murder is not as clear. Some would answer affirmatively, others negatively. An important question is: who should decide? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&doctype=cite&docid=73+U.+Colo.+L.+Rev.+227&key=04d27576cdb19c11c4b17f1e94e37003 ) [3266] => Array ( [objectID] => 6841 [title] => Putting Them There, Keeping Them There, and Killing Them: An Analysis of State-Level Variations in Death Penalty Intensity [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/putting-them-there-keeping-them-there-and-killing-them-an-analysis-of-state-level-variations-in-death-penalty-intensity/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The landscape of the American death penalty is diverse. Though death penalty attitudes show a remarkable and increasing degree of homogeneity by region, race, gender, religion, and other factors, the actual practice of the death penalty varies substantially from region to region, and even from state to state. While these variations are widely recognized, they are not widely studied or understood. The lack of attention paid to the actual practice of the death penalty in different states and regions, the patterns that contribute to its use, and the factors associated with these patterns represents a substantial and troubling gap in our knowledge of an issue as widely studied as the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&doctype=cite&docid=87+Iowa+L.+Rev.+1505&key=cb1c8d6390ca44610f8c8fe38730bcdf ) [3267] => Array ( [objectID] => 6845 [title] => Opting for Real Death Penalty Reform [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/opting-for-real-death-penalty-reform/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The capital punishment system in the United States is broken. Studies reveal growing delays nationwide between death sentences and executions and inexcusably high rates of reversals and retrials of capital verdicts. The current system persistently malfunctions because it rewards trial actors, such as police, prosecutors, and trial judges, for imposing death sentences, but it does not force them either to avoid making mistakes or to bear the cost of mistakes that are made during the process. Nor is there any adversarial discipline imposed at the trial level because capital defendants usually receive appointed counsel who either do not have experience trying capital cases or who receive inadequate resources from the State to pay litigation expenses. Instead, the appellate system is forced to deal with large amounts of error, creating backlog and delays. This article proposes a radical trade-off for capital defendants in which they agree to give up existing post-conviction review rights in return for a real assurance of better qualified, higher quality trial counsel. This proposal will avoid the traps of window dressing reforms, save states a good bit of the expense of appellate review, and make the capital punishment system more fair, efficient, and effective. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/03/63.1.liebman.pdf ) [3268] => Array ( [objectID] => 6855 [title] => The Proposed Innocence Protection Act Won’t—Unless It Also Curbs Mistaken Eyewitness Identifications [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-proposed-innocence-protection-act-wont-unless-it-also-curbs-mistaken-eyewitness-identifications/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article contends that legislatures should adopt measures to assure greater reliability in the eyewitness testimony introduced in capital cases. Erroneous eyewitness identification is one of the most frequent causes of mistaken convictions and executions. Decades ago, the United States Supreme Court crafted due process and right to counsel constitutional doctrines to curb identification procedures that gratuitously enhanced the risk of mistake. While initial interpretations favored a greater judicial role in preventing such abuses, later rulings retreated. Present constitutional rules do not suffice due to the narrowness of their definition and the weakness of the remedial sanctions allotted. The proposed Innocence Protection Act and similar state legislation trust DNA testing to avert mistaken executions. But testing requires biological material that is often not available in capital prosecutions, and so DNA cannot detect all the innocents among those capitally prosecuted. To avert mistaken convictions and executions, legislative reforms need to go beyond DNA, and avert mistakes arising from erroneous eyewitness identifications. Studies show this is one of the most common sources of unjust conviction, and that suchmistakes may well be on the rise. Federal and state legislation should be adopted that provides a stronger curb on suggestive identification practices that gratuitously increase the risk of executing the innocent. The Recommendations for Lineups and Photospreads, developed by the American Psychology/Law Society (AP/LS) in 1998, are an appropriate starting point for legislatures (or state courts exercising their supervisory powers or interpreting state constitutional provisions). Adopting such guidelines will reduce the risk of error in capital cases, with little or no expense borne by the states. Further, to assure that these more reliable procedures will be used during capital case investigations and prosecutions, legislatures and courts should, minimally, adopt an exclusionary rule of the type first announced by the United States Supreme. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/03/63.1.koosed.pdf ) [3269] => Array ( [objectID] => 6860 [title] => Another Place Beyond Here: The Death Penalty Moratorium Movement in the United States [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/another-place-beyond-here-the-death-penalty-moratorium-movement-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Professor Kirchmeier examines the recent decline in support for the death penalty in the United States and the resulting emergence of a movement to impose a moratorium on executions. After discussing the history of the death penalty abolition movement in the United States, he identifies five major and seven minor events that have contributed to the growth of the Death Penalty Moratorium Movement. Then, he compares the current Moratorium Movement to other similar reform periods: the 1960s Death Penalty Abolitionist Movement; legislative abolition of the death penalty in several states during the mid-1800s and early 1900s; death penalty abolition in other countries; and the Anti-Lynching Movement of the early 1900s. Based on the history of these other movements, Professor Kirchmeier discovers various lessons for today's Moratorium Movement, including lessons about strategy and the roles of public opinion and leadership. Finally, using these lessons from history and looking at recent events, he considers the future of the Moratorium Movement. Professor Kirchmeier concludes that for the Movement to continue to be successful: (1) there must be no major national distracting forces; (2) the Movement must continue to broaden its arguments and not be overly dependent upon one issue, one person, or one strategy; (3) the Movement must continue seek support from unexpected voices; and (4) the Movement must stay focused on the goals of achieving popular support and creating new leaders. Finally, Professor Kirchmeier predicts that the Moratorium Movement is strong enough to continue to have lasting effects. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=73+U.+Colo.+L.+Rev.+1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=c577d29d2ba589cd018a9ff659083b13 ) [3270] => Array ( [objectID] => 6861 [title] => The Political Sociology of the Death Penalty: A Pooled Time-Series Analysis [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-political-sociology-of-the-death-penalty-a-pooled-time-series-analysis/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Despite the interest in the death penalty, no statistical studies have isolated the social and political forces that account for the legality of this punishment. Racial or ethnic threat theories suggest that the death penalty will more likely be legal in jurisdictions with relatively large black or Hispanic populations. Economic threat explanations suggest that this punishment will be present in unequal areas. Jurisdictions with a more conservative public or a stronger law and order Republican party should be more likely to legalize the death penalty as well. After controlling for social disorganization, region, period, and voilent crime, panel analyses suggest that minority presence and economic inequality enhance the likelihood of a legal death penalty. Conservative values and Republican strength in the legislature have equivalent effects; A supplement time-to-event analysis supports these conclusions. The results suggest that a political approach has explanatory power because threat effects expressed through politics and effects that are directly political invariable account for decisions about the legality of capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3088936?uid=3738016&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21105253663973 ) [3271] => Array ( [objectID] => 6891 [title] => When Legislatures Delegate Death: The Troubling Paradox Behind State Uses of Electrocution and Lethal Injection and What It Says About Us [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/when-legislatures-delegate-death-the-troubling-paradox-behind-state-uses-of-electrocution-and-lethal-injection-and-what-it-says-about-us/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article discusses the paradoxical motivations and problems behind legislative changes from one method of execution to the next, and particularly moves from electrocution to lethal injection. Legislatures and courts insist that the primary reason states switch execution methods is to ensure greater humaneness for death row inmates. History shows, however, that such moves were prompted primarily because the death penalty itself became constitutionally jeopardized due to a state’s particular method. The result has been a warped legal “philosophy” of punishment, at times peculiarly aligning both friends and foes of the death penalty alike and wrongly enabling legislatures to delegate death to unknowledgeable prison personnel. This article first examines the constitutionality of electrocution, contending that a modern Eighth Amendment analysis of a range of factors, such as legislative trends toward lethal injection, indicates that electrocution is cruel and unusual. It then provides an Eighth Amendment review of lethal injection, demonstrating that injection also involves unnecessary pain, the risk of such pain, and a loss of dignity. These failures seem to be attributed to vague lethal injection statutes, uninformed prison personnel, and skeletal or inaccurate lethal injection protocols. The article next presents the author’s study of the most current protocols for lethal injection in all thirty-six states where anesthesia is used for a state execution. The study focuses on a number of criteria contained in many protocols that are key to applying an injection, including: the types and amounts of chemicals that are injected; the selection, training, preparation, and qualifications of the lethal injection team; the involvement of medical personnel; the presence of general witnesses and media witnesses; as well as details on how the procedure is conducted and how much of it witnesses can see. The study emphasizes that the criteria in many protocols are far too vague to assess adequately. When the protocols do offer details, such as the amount and type of chemicals that executioners inject, they oftentimes reveal striking errors and ignorance about the procedure. Suchinaccurate or missing information heightens the likelihood that a lethal injection will be botched and suggests that states are not capable of executing an inmate constitutionally. Even though executions have become increasingly hidden from the public, and therefore more politically palatable, they have not become more humane, only more difficult to monitor. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/03/63.1.denno_.pdf ) [3272] => Array ( [objectID] => 6899 [title] => Felony-Murder in Ohio: Felony-Murder or Murder-Felony? [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/felony-murder-in-ohio-felony-murder-or-murder-felony/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Ohio's aggravated felony-murder rule and felony-murder death penalty specification provisions apply where a death occurs “while committing or attempting to commit” certain enumerated felonies. In a line of cases beginning in 1996, the Ohio Supreme Court broadly interpreted this statutory language to include situations where the intent to commit the underlying felony was formed subsequent to the death, as a complete afterthought. With these cases, the Ohio Supreme Court departed from the majority view that the intent to commit the underlying felony must precede or co-exist with the death. The author argues that this new statutory interpretation represents an unwarranted expansion of the felony-murder rule that disregards the statutory language, ignores the underlying purpose of the rule, and dispenses with traditional safeguards designed to ameliorate its harshness. The author further argues that applying this new statutory interpretation to the felony-murder death penalty specification potentially selects for death those who are not necessarily the most deserving of this ultimate punishment. The author suggests that the solution must be a legislative one. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=ua_law_publications ) [3273] => Array ( [objectID] => 6905 [title] => The Role of International Law in United States Death Penalty Cases [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-role-of-international-law-in-united-states-death-penalty-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The United States has repeatedly failed to notify detained foreign nationals of their rights to consular notification and access under Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. In capital cases, US non-compliance with this ratified Treaty has led to litigation by foreign governments and individual lawyers in domestic courts and international tribunals. While these efforts have had mixed results in individual cases, litigation by Mexico, Germany and other actors has led to increased compliance with Article 36, and a growing recognition of the significance of US treaty obligations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=208117 ) [3274] => Array ( [objectID] => 6914 [title] => The Death Penalty in the United States: An International Human Rights Perspective [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states-an-international-human-rights-perspective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On December 10, 1998, the fiftieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, former President William J. Clinton signed Executive Order No. 13107 stating, "It shall be the policy and practice of the Government of the United States, being committed to the protection and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms, fully to respect and implement its obligations. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=43+S.+Tex.+L.+Rev.+1115&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=22e3f60cb4da99e44ec71f8bae365395 ) [3275] => Array ( [objectID] => 6924 [title] => Addressing Capital Punishment Through Statutory Reform [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/addressing-capital-punishment-through-statutory-reform/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => State legislatures principally have been responsible for the acceptance and evolution (and even sometimes the abandonment) of capital punishment in the American criminal justice system from the colonial and founding eras, through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and now into the twenty-first century. A number of colonial legislative enactments, though influenced by England’s embrace of the punishment of death, uniquely defined and often significantly confined which crimes were to be subject to capital punishment.[1] State legislatures further narrowed the reach of the death penalty through the early nineteenth century as states, prodded often by vocal abolitionists and led by developments in Pennsylvania, divided the offense of murder into degrees and provided that only the most aggravated murderers would be subject to the punishment of death. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries also saw states, as the product of legislative enactments, move away from mandating death as the punishment for certain crimes by giving juries discretion to choose which defendants would be sentenced to die. Throughout all these periods, statutory enactments have also played a fundamental role in the evolution of where and how executions are carried out. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/03/63.1.foreword.pdf ) [3276] => Array ( [objectID] => 6961 [title] => Capital Punishment and American Exceptionalism [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-american-exceptionalism/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => At the same time, the countries that most vigorously employ the death penalty are generally ones that the United States has the least in common with politically, economically, or socially, and ones that the United States is wont to define itself against, as they are among the least democratic and the worst human rights abusers in the world. In recent years, the top five employers of capital punishment were China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United States.3 Moreover, in the past twelve years, only seven countries in the world are known to have executed prisoners who were under 18 years old at the time of their crimes: the Democratic Republic of Congo, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and the United States. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://saudeglobaldotorg1.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/steiker.pdf ) [3277] => Array ( [objectID] => 6992 [title] => ICCPR Case Law on Detention, the Prohibition of Cruel Treatment and Some Issues Pertaining to the Death Row Phenomenon [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/iccpr-case-law-on-detention-the-prohibition-of-cruel-treatment-and-some-issues-pertaining-to-the-death-row-phenomenon/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper discusses some case law on detention issues by the Human Rights Committee (HRC) that supervises the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), as well as HRC case law on the so-called "death row phenomenon," which involves forcing a person to live under conditions that spawn intense fear, distress, and the virtual destruction of the personality while awaiting execution. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.ucmo.edu/cjinst/journal0102.pdf ) [3278] => Array ( [objectID] => 7016 [title] => Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Ms. Asma Jahangir, submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 2001/45 [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-report-of-the-special-rapporteur-ms-asma-jahangir-submitted-pursuant-to-commission-on-human-rights-resolution-2001-45/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report also discusses the issue of capital punishment and makes reference to death penalty cases in which the Special Rapporteur has intervened in reaction to reports that the sentences concerned had been passed in violation of international restrictions and human rights standards. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2002/74&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3279] => Array ( [objectID] => 7029 [title] => Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/protocol-no-13-to-the-convention-for-the-protection-of-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms-concerning-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-all-circumstances/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Article 1 – Abolition of the death penaltyThe death penalty shall be abolished. No one shall be condemned to such penalty or executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/187.htm ) [3280] => Array ( [objectID] => 7107 [title] => Recommendations on the Capital Punishment System [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/recommendations-on-the-capital-punishment-system/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report details the reasons for the Japan Federation of Bar Associations recommendation that an immediate moratorium on death sentences takes place. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.nichibenren.or.jp/en/activities/statements/data/INT03_10_PS.pdf ) [3281] => Array ( [objectID] => 7124 [title] => THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF 2001 [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-of-2001/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The year 2001 has confirmed the accelerated trend towards the abolition of the death penalty on course for the past ten years. In 2001 the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia became totally abolitionist, Chile abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes, Ireland removed all references to the death penalty from its constitution, Burkina Faso joined the group of de facto abolitionists not having carried out any executions for more than ten years, and Lebanon has imposed a moratorium on executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20106 ) [3282] => Array ( [objectID] => 7159 [title] => Children and the death penalty: Executions worldwide since 1990 [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/children-and-the-death-penalty-executions-worldwide-since-1990/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The document details cases of child offenders executed since 1990 and cites the relevant international standards. Two tables are appended: a list of cases and a table of the 113 countries which provide for the death penalty but exclude its use of the death penalty against child offenders. There are also appendices giving the text of the resolution on "The death penalty in relation to child offenders" adopted by the UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in August 2000 and extracts from the resolution on "The question of the death penalty" adopted by the UN Commission on Human Rights in April 2002. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/007/2002/en/9b708ffd-d7c4-11dd-b4cd-01eb52042454/act500072002en.pdf ) [3283] => Array ( [objectID] => 7167 [title] => English speaking Caribbean: State Killing in the English speaking Caribbean: a legacy of colonial times [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/english-speaking-caribbean-state-killing-in-the-english-speaking-caribbean-a-legacy-of-colonial-times/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report seeks to answer the arguments put forward by the proponents of capital punishment in the English Speaking Caribbean and examines the shortcomings in the administration of the death penalty in the region.The paper primarily focuses on Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, the two countries with the largest death row populations in the region. However, details of other counties are given and the themes and problems illustrated in Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago are prevalent in the other nations of the ESC. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR05/003/2002/en/38049588-d884-11dd-ad8c-f3d4445c118e/amr050032002en.pdf ) [3284] => Array ( [objectID] => 7180 [title] => UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Indecent and internationally illegal: The death penalty against child offenders [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/united-states-of-america-indecent-and-internationally-illegal-the-death-penalty-against-child-offenders/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report gives details of the national picture of the execution of juveniles, looking particularly at how two key decisions of the US Supreme Court have widened the gap between the USA and most other countries on this issue. The report examines the arguments used by those who oppose the execution of juvenile offenders and provides an overview of the international situation on the use of the death penalty against child offenders. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/143/2002/en/060e0781-d7e8-11dd-9df8-936c90684588/amr511432002en.pdf ) [3285] => Array ( [objectID] => 7191 [title] => The Death Penalty in the United States [timestamp] => 1009843200 [date] => 01/01/2002 [annee] => 2002 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report indicates that most of the people sentenced to capital punishment, especially the poor and indigent, did not benefit from a fair trial, and that the conditions of detention - which is very long - constitute “cruel, inhuman and degrading treatments”. Furthermore, the FIDH fears that the possible moratoriums on the executions considered by several States only aims at improving the criminal procedures prior to the executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/us316a-2.pdf ) [3286] => Array ( [objectID] => 5847 [title] => Choosing Mercy: A Mother of Murder Victims Pleads to End the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/choosing-mercy-a-mother-of-murder-victims-pleads-to-end-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Written in the spirit of "Dead Man Walking," this book by Antoinette Bosco conveys both the powerful personal experience of a mother whose son was murdered and a wealth of information about the criminal justice system in America. (Orbis Books, 2001) [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => www.maryknoll.org/MALL/ORBIS/more_mercy.htm ) [3287] => Array ( [objectID] => 6639 [title] => Death without Justice: A Guide for Examining the Administration of the Death Penalty in the United States [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-without-justice-a-guide-for-examining-the-administration-of-the-death-penalty-in-the-united-states/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This guide was created because of the growing flaws in the adminstration of the death penatly, it provides a guide to the death penalty administration process and vulnerable populations in death row administration. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/irr/finaljune28.authcheckdam.pdf ) [3288] => Array ( [objectID] => 6770 [title] => When the State Kills: Capital Punishment and the American Condition [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/when-the-state-kills-capital-punishment-and-the-american-condition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Is capital punishment just? Does it deter people from murder? What is the risk that we will execute innocent people? These are the usual questions at the heart of the increasingly heated debate about capital punishment in America. In this bold and impassioned book, Austin Sarat seeks to change the terms of that debate. Capital punishment must be stopped, Sarat argues, because it undermines our democratic society.Sarat unflinchingly exposes us to the realities of state killing. He examines its foundations in ideas about revenge and retribution. He takes us inside the courtroom of a capital trial, interviews jurors and lawyers who make decisions about life and death, and assesses the arguments swirling around Timothy McVeigh and his trial for the bombing in Oklahoma City. Aided by a series of unsettling color photographs, he traces Americans' evolving quest for new methods of execution, and explores the place of capital punishment in popular culture by examining such films as Dead Man Walking, The Last Dance, and The Green Mile.Sarat argues that state executions, once used by monarchs as symbolic displays of power, gained acceptance among Americans as a sign of the people's sovereignty. Yet today when the state kills, it does so in a bureaucratic procedure hidden from view and for which no one in particular takes responsibility. He uncovers the forces that sustain America's killing culture, including overheated political rhetoric, racial prejudice, and the desire for a world without moral ambiguity. Capital punishment, Sarat shows, ultimately leaves Americans more divided, hostile, indifferent to life's complexities, and much further from solving the nation's ills. In short, it leaves us with an impoverished democracy.The book's powerful and sobering conclusions point to a new abolitionist politics, in which capital punishment should be banned not only on ethical grounds but also for what it does to Americans and what we cherish. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/When-State-Kills-Punishment-Condition/dp/0691102619/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1291118647&sr=1-1 ) [3289] => Array ( [objectID] => 6793 [title] => Congressional Power to Require DNA Testing [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/congressional-power-to-require-dna-testing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Many states fail to conduct, or even to permit, DNA testing of biological materials in circumstances in which the results might exonerate convicts under sentence of death. Senator Patrick Leahy thinks that Congress should enact a statute requiring states to provide for testing when it promises to reveal the truth. Leahy’s idea is sensible as a matter of policy. I mean in this Article to argue that it is also constitutionally feasible. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_yackle.pdf ) [3290] => Array ( [objectID] => 6795 [title] => Racial Disparity and Death Sentences in Ohio [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/racial-disparity-and-death-sentences-in-ohio/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The use of the death penalty has resulted in a number of studies attempting to determine if its application is consistent with the guidelines established by the United States Supreme Court. In particular, many studies have assessed whether there are racial disparities in the imposition of death sentences. This study examined the imposition of death sentences in Ohio, a state largely ignored by previous research and that, until 1999, had not executed an inmate since 1963. Drawing from previous studies that have examined the issue in other states, this study assessed the likelihood that a particular homicide would result in a death sentence, controlling for race of defendant and victim and other relevant factors. Results indicated both legal and extralegal factors (including race of victim) were significant predictors of a death sentence, supporting many previous studies that concluded that race plays a role in the imposition of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V75-42Y63T2-3/2/09030d37db72e393835c0dfe4a4d4c20 ) [3291] => Array ( [objectID] => 6799 [title] => Errors and Ethics: Dilemmas in Death [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/errors-and-ethics-dilemmas-in-death/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the last five years, the death penalty has become a frequent topic of discussion. While discussion of such an emotive topic is not unusual for any period in history, the tenor of the recent dialogue is unusual. For the most part, the discussion centers around the problems with capital punishment, particularly its inaccuracy and unfairness. This Article begins in Part II with a discussion of recent claims about the frequency of errors in capital cases. Part III enumerates and discusses the factors generally thought to be the cause of the errors. Part IV details new rules recently adopted in one jurisdiction in an effort to eliminate the errors. Part IV also suggests that these new rules, though worthwhile, are actually a reiteration of long-standing ethical obligations of judges and lawyers, the breach of which is responsible for many of the errors. Part V recommends additional remedies which the bench and the bar must take if there is a true commitment to providing a fair, just, and reliable system for determining who the government is entitled to kill. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_white.pdf ) [3292] => Array ( [objectID] => 6804 [title] => Finality Without Fairness: Why We Are Moving Towards Moratoria on Executions, and the potential Abolition of Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/finality-without-fairness-why-we-are-moving-towards-moratoria-on-executions-and-the-potential-abolition-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the past several years, there has been a marked change in the climate with regard to public discourse about the death penalty in the United States. This is partly due to advances in DNA technology. This Article, in Part II, will address the impact that DNA testing has had on public discourse on capital punishment. In Part III, it will discuss the overall context in which public discourse has changed, and its likely impact on judges, prosecutors and governors dealing with capital cases. Finally, in Part IV, it will consider the broader implications of this change in climate, in leading to a moratorium on executions in Illinois, consideration of moratoria elsewhere, and potentially to abolition of capital punishment in this country. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=33+Conn.+L.+Rev.+733&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=ea27ee0487b5e00ef9770ac7d19b8a18 ) [3293] => Array ( [objectID] => 6819 [title] => Staying Alive: Executive Clemency, Equal Protection, and the Politics of Gender in Women’s Capital Cases [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/staying-alive-executive-clemency-equal-protection-and-the-politics-of-gender-in-womens-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this Article, I will review the matrix in which executive decisions in women's capital clemency cases are made, a matrix supplied by modern equal protection law, the nature and scope of the clemency power, gender politics, and contemporary death row. I will then conduct two thought experiments. Each invented case tests the relevance of gender in legally and politically acceptable contemporary clemency decisions. The goal is to understand the politics and law of granting or denying that very rare boon-commutation of sentence - to a female death row prisoner. The exercise offers support for two conclusions. In the age of formal equality, women cannot be granted clemency simply because they are women. The rhetoric of chivalry is untenable for the contemporary executive. A governor who is courageous and rhetorically skillful, however, can sometimes successfully defend the commutation of the death sentence of a woman as a proper use of the power to grant mercy, done for her sake, the class she exemplifies, the conscience of the governor, and the public. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1402796## ) [3294] => Array ( [objectID] => 6827 [title] => Preventing the Execution of the Innocent: Testimony Before the House Judiciary Committee. [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/preventing-the-execution-of-the-innocent-testimony-before-the-house-judiciary-committee/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => There have been at least sixty-seven postconviction DNA exonerations in the United States. Our Innocence Project at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law has either assisted or been the attorney of record in thirty-nine of those cases, including eight men who served time on death row. For all of these men, existing appellate remedies failed to catch the mistakes and correct the injustice. In one third of the exonerations, bad lawyering contributed to their convictions yet in only one case was ineffective assistance of counsel recognized by an appellate court. Mistaken eyewitness identification was a critical factor in almost 90% of the unjust convictions yet not a single trial or appellate court found the eyewitness testimony to be unreliable. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_neufeld.pdf ) [3295] => Array ( [objectID] => 6850 [title] => The Truth About False Confessions and Advocacy Scholarship [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-truth-about-false-confessions-and-advocacy-scholarship/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In 1998 Richard A. Leo and Richard J. Ofshe published a study of false confession cases entitled, The Consequences of False Confessions: Deprivations of Liberty and Miscarriages of Justice in the Age of Psychological Interrogation, which drew a response from Paul Cassell (1999), The Guilty and the Innocent : An Examination of Alleged Cases of Wrongful Conviction from False Confessions. In this article, the authors demonstrate that Cassell s article misreports the research and analysis contained in Leo and Ofshes 1998 article, and that Cassell s attempt to challenge Leo and Ofshes classifications of nine out of sixty false confessions is erroneous because Cassell excludes or presents an incomplete picture of important facts in his case summaries, selectively ignores enormous inconsistencies, implausibilities and/or contradictions in the prosecution s cases, and fails to acknowledge the existence of substantial exculpatory, if not dispositive, evidence. To illustrate the problems and biases in Cassell s commentary, this article discusses at length one of Cassell s challenges, the Barry Lee Fairchild case, in the main body of the article and in a detailed appendix analyzes the eight other cases (Joseph Giarratano, Paul Ingram, Richard Lapointe, Jessie Misskelley, Bradley Page, James Harry Reyos, Linda Stangel, and Martin Tankleff). Leo and Ofshe provide a point by point refutation of Cassell s assertions in all nine cases, demonstrating that all nine individuals were, as originally classified, almost certainly innocent of the crimes to which they had confessed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1141365 ) [3296] => Array ( [objectID] => 6851 [title] => The Innocence Protection Act of 2001 [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-innocence-protection-act-of-2001/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The goal of our bill is simple, but profoundly important: to reduce the risk of mistaken executions. The Innocence Protection Act proposes basic, common-sense reforms to our criminal justice system that are designed to protect the innocent and to ensure that if the death penalty is imposed, it is the result of informed and reasoned deliberation, not politics, luck, bias, or guesswork. We have listened to a lot of good advice and made some refinements to the bill since the last Congress, but it is still structured around two principal reforms: improving the availability of DNA testing, and ensuring reasonable minimum standards and funding for court-appointed counsel. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_leahy.pdf ) [3297] => Array ( [objectID] => 6856 [title] => Averting Mistaken Executions by Adopting the Model Penal Code’s Exclusion of Death in the Presence of Lingering Doubts [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/averting-mistaken-executions-by-adopting-the-model-penal-codes-exclusion-of-death-in-the-presence-of-lingering-doubts/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article considers community views on the risk of mistaken executions and how sentencing juries respond to such risks. It explores the present state of the law surrounding risk-taking regarding lingering or residual doubt, and finds the law in a state of denial. Though the risk may be there, and jurors may see it, this is not something they are directed, or even invited, to consider. Some jurors may deny effect to the risk they see, believing it is not a proper subject of their attention. Others will consider it, yet wonder whether they should. This inconsistent treatment, and dissonance from what the public wants and justifiably expects from its legal system, is largely a product of the United States Supreme Court's 1988 decision in Franklin v. Lynaugh. Arguably misread, and at least misguided, the Court's decision on considering lingering or residual doubts about guilt as a mitigating factor at the penalty phase has retarded development of meaningful ways to avert mistaken executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/niulr21&div=7&id=&page= ) [3298] => Array ( [objectID] => 6857 [title] => Identifying and (Re)formulating Prophylactic Rules, Safe Harbors, and Incidental Rights in Constitutional Criminal Procedure [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/identifying-and-reformulating-prophylactic-rules-safe-harbors-and-incidental-rights-in-constitutional-criminal-procedure/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Miranda conundrum runs something like this: If the Miranda decision represents true constitutional interpretation, and all unwarned statements taken during custodial interrogation are compelled" within the meaning of the self-incrimination clause, the impeachment and ""fruits"" exceptions to Miranda should fall. If it is not true constitutional interpretation, than the Court has no business reversing state criminal convictions for its violation. I offer here what I hope is a satisfying answer to this conundrum, on both descriptive and normative levels, that justifies not only Miranda but a host of similar Warren, Burger, and Rehnquist Court decisions as well. In Part I, I introduce and define the terms ""constitutional prophylactic rule,"" ""constitutional safe harbor rule,"" and ""constitutional incidental right,"" and attempt to legitimate their use. I further demonstrate that constitutional criminal procedure is so flush with such prophylactic and safe harbor rules and incidental rights that trying to eliminate them now, by either reversing a large number of criminal procedure cases or ""constitutionalizing"" all of those holdings, would do more harm than good. I propose that we accept the fact that these rules and rights are a fixed part of our constitutional landscape, and focus instead on minimizing their risks and maximizing their benefits" [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=258277 ) [3299] => Array ( [objectID] => 6862 [title] => Capital Punishment: A Global Perspective [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-a-global-perspective/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article reviews the extent to which the movement to abolish capital punishment has been successful and discusses some of the influences which have produced a remarkable increase in the number of abolitionist countries in the past two decades. It asks whether this trend has now come to an end as many countries which retain the death penalty continue to defy, for a variety of reasons, international pressure to change their laws and practices. Finally, it discusses some actions that might prove effective in overcoming these obstacles. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/3/3/331.short?rss=1&ssource=mfc ) [3300] => Array ( [objectID] => 6867 [title] => Predictors of Miscarriages of Justice in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/predictors-of-miscarriages-of-justice-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Prior research on wrongful convictions in capital cases focused primarily on qualitative methods designed to provide in-depth descriptive analyses of these cases. In contrast, this study is a quantitative comparison between 76 documented cases from 1970 to 1998, in which prisoners were released from death row because of “doubts about their guilt,” and a matched group of inmates who were executed. Through the use of a logistic regression model, significant predictors of cases that result in a release from death row as opposed to an execution, are identified. The final section of this study focuses on policy implications that may decrease the risk of error in capital cases. Additional lines of research are suggested in an effort to increase understanding of miscarriages of justice in such cases. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a718864779~frm=abslink ) [3301] => Array ( [objectID] => 6868 [title] => Guilty Until Proven Innocent: An Analysis of Post-Furman Capital Errors [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/guilty-until-proven-innocent-an-analysis-of-post-furman-capital-errors/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The issue of erroneous convictions in capital cases has recently gained considerable nationwide media attention. This article builds on prior research by examining 76 cases of inmates who were released from death rows between 1970 and 1998 because of doubts about their guilt. By using sources, or persons who have extensive insider knowledge about these cases, as well as published court opinions, it was possible to identify the causes of the wrongful convictions as well as the significant events that led to the discovery of the miscarriages of justice. The data indicate that prosecutorial misconduct, perjury of witnesses, police misconduct, and racial discrimination were influential factors that led to the wrongful convictions. In addition, continued investigation by the defense attorney, new witnesses coming forward, and/or a confession from another person were the factors most often leading to the discovery of errors. These findings suggest that there have not been any significant changes in causes of erroneous convictions since the implementation of contemporary safeguards. As a result, policy changes are suggested to decrease the chances of erroneous executions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://cjp.sagepub.com/content/12/2/113.abstract ) [3302] => Array ( [objectID] => 6881 [title] => A ‘Commonsense’ Theory of Deterrence and the ‘Ideology’ of Science: The New York State Death Penalty Debate [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/a-commonsense-theory-of-deterrence-and-the-ideology-of-science-the-new-york-state-death-penalty-debate/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This research will consider the principal claims and counterclaims made by death penalty supporters and opponents, as well as document the manner in which these claims were advanced or refuted. The nineteen-year debate provides a natural laboratory that can assist our understanding of why the United States is the only Western industrialized democracy to retain capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&doctype=cite&docid=92+J.+Crim.+L.+%26+Criminology+307&key=b99c98b0e835f4dd29018114e73521d5 ) [3303] => Array ( [objectID] => 6884 [title] => Earl Washington’s Ordeal [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/earl-washingtons-ordeal/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => I offer an account of the ordeal of Earl Washington, who—having come within days of execution—was released from prison on February 12, 2001, after DNA evidence of his innocence finally proved conclusive to the Virginia authorities. I do so for two reasons. First, I believe, both as a member of his legal team and a scholar, that history deserves an accurate account of the events. Second, more broadly, I believe that the case exemplifies many of the phenomena that contribute to the injustice of the death penalty in America today. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_freedman.pdf ) [3304] => Array ( [objectID] => 6886 [title] => Physicians Willingness to Participate in the Process of lethal Injection for Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/physicians-willingness-to-participate-in-the-process-of-lethal-injection-for-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Occasionally, physicians’ personal values conflict with their perceived societal duties. One example is the case of lethal injection for the purpose of capital punishment. Some states require that such lethal injections be performed by physicians. At the same time, leading medical societies have concluded that physicians should avoid participating in capital punishment. Physicians’ attitudes toward involvement in capital punishment may depend on how they balance their responsibilities to individuals against their duties to society. Other factors may include a desire to provide a more painless death for the prisoner or concern over the competency of other health care personnel. In a previous survey, we found that a majority of physicians condoned involvement of their fellow physicians in capital punishment. For the current study, we conducted another survey to ascertain physicians’ attitudes about their own involvement in capital punishment, as well as factors associated with these attitudes. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.annals.org/content/135/10/884.full.pdf+html ) [3305] => Array ( [objectID] => 6895 [title] => Is the Death Penalty Good for Women [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/is-the-death-penalty-good-for-women/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this essay, I suggest a different and particularly feminist reason for reexamining, and rejecting, the death penalty. The death penalty perverts society’s response to the tragedy of a woman being raped and murdered by relying on a form of racism that is gendered in nature and by making the horrific nature of the crime of rape-murder a more important consideration in determining punishment than the individual characteristics of the person who committed it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/fac_articles/275/ ) [3306] => Array ( [objectID] => 6918 [title] => Death Sentencing in Black and White: An Empirical Analysis of the Role of Jurors’ Race and Jury Racial Composition [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-sentencing-in-black-and-white-an-empirical-analysis-of-the-role-of-jurors-race-and-jury-racial-composition/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Do black jurors view a crime or its appropriate punishment differently than their white counterparts? Are their perspectives influenced by the race of the defendant or victim? Are blacks on white-dominated capital juries intimidated or coerced into voting for the death penalty? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/conlaw/articles/volume3/issue1/BowersSteinerSandys3U.Pa.J.Const.L.171%282001%29.pdf ) [3307] => Array ( [objectID] => 6919 [title] => PROBING “LIFE QUALIFICATION” THROUGH EXPANDED VOIR DIRE [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/probing-life-qualification-through-expanded-voir-dire/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => It turns out that voir dire in capital cases is woefully ineffective at the most elementary task—weeding out unqualified jurors.Empirical evidence reveals that many capital jurors are in fact unqualified to serve. Moreover, the ineffectiveness of the process is far from even-handed. A juror is not “death-qualified” if she would always vote against a death sentence, regardless of the circumstances, and a handful of the jurors who actually serve in capital cases are in fact unqualified for this reason. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_blume.pdf ) [3308] => Array ( [objectID] => 6925 [title] => JURY INSTRUCTIONS REGARDING DEADLOCK IN CAPITAL SENTENCING [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/jury-instructions-regarding-deadlock-in-capital-sentencing/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Questions regarding the jury’s inability to reach a unanimous decision are often asked of judges and similar uninformative responses are generally given. Is ignoringjuror concerns the proper method for handling jury inquiries about the result of juror non-unanimity in capital sentencing? Or should courts inform capital juries up-front of the consequences of their failure to reach a unanimous verdict? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_berberich.pdf ) [3309] => Array ( [objectID] => 6983 [title] => The Use of Peremptory Challenges in Capital Murder Trials: A Legal and Empirical Analysis [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-use-of-peremptory-challenges-in-capital-murder-trials-a-legal-and-empirical-analysis/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => One of the largely unique aspects of the American jury system is that it confers upon the parties the unilateral power - in the form of peremptory challenges - to remove prospective jurors for any non-racial or non-gender-based reason. This article presents an overview of the literature on peremptory challenges, and an empirical analysis of their use in Philadelphia capital cases in the 1980s and 1990s. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&doctype=cite&docid=3+U.+Pa.+J.+Const.+L.+3&key=08c32597db0b46a4aac72a9bb77f0ee0 ) [3310] => Array ( [objectID] => 6996 [title] => International Legal Trends and the Mandatory Death Penalty in the Commonwealth Caribbean [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-legal-trends-and-the-mandatory-death-penalty-in-the-commonwealth-caribbean/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Until the landmark decision of the Eastern Caribbean Court of Appeal in Hufhes and Spense v The Queen, the convetional wisdom was that the mandatory imposition of the death penalty could not be challenged in Commonwealth Caribbean countries as unconstitutional and that, in any event, the savings clauses contained in the constitutions would prevent any such challenge. As a consequence, the constitutional courts in the Commonwealth Caribbean are now being asked to consider a number of specific issues in relation to the mandatory death penalty: first, whether it is constitutional; and second, whether any chanllenges to the mandatory death penalty are barred by the savings clauses found to a varying degree, within each Caribbean constitution of and implications for global and regional developments are highly significant. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/oxuclwj1&div=15&id=&page= ) [3311] => Array ( [objectID] => 7024 [title] => Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty : report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-implementation-of-the-safeguards-guaranteeing-protection-of-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The present, sixth quinquennial report contains a review of the trends in the application of the death penalty, including the implementation of the safeguards, during the period l994-2000. It is a revised, updated version of the report of the Secretary-General on the subject (E/2000/3) that was submitted to the Council at its substantive session of 2000, to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice at its ninth session and to the Commission on Human Rights at its fifty-sixth session. Sixty-three countries participated in the survey. There was again a relatively poor response from retentionist countries, especially those making the most use of capital punishment. One major conclusion to be drawn is that, since l994, the rate at which countries have embraced abolition has remained unchanged. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.15/2001/10&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3312] => Array ( [objectID] => 7047 [title] => Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty : report of the Secretary-General [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-implementation-of-the-safeguards-guaranteeing-protection-of-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty-report-of-the-secretary-general-4/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The report shows an encouraging trend towards abolition and restriction of the use of capital punishment in most countries. It also shows that much remains to be done in the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of persons facing the death penalty in those countries that retain it. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2005/3&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3313] => Array ( [objectID] => 7065 [title] => Mandatory Justice: Eighteen Reforms to the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mandatory-justice-eighteen-reforms-to-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => One major goal of these recommendations is to create additional safeguards against the endemic tendency of decision-makers in the criminal justice system to “pass the buck.” The system is far too lax in catching errors and injustices in part because many of those who might catch these errors and injustices do not fully understand their own duty to ensure that a death sentence is the appropriate punishment. Several of these recommendations are addressed to those who occupy critical roles in the capital punishment system, including the defense attorney, the prosecutor, the jury, the trial judge, and the reviewing courts. They emphasize that each, individually, has the responsibility to ensure, to the best of his or her ability, that justice is done. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.constitutionproject.org/pdf/MandatoryJustice.pdf ) [3314] => Array ( [objectID] => 7081 [title] => Sentenced to Death: A Report on Washington Supreme Court Rulings In Capital Cases [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/sentenced-to-death-a-report-on-washington-supreme-court-rulings-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The ACLU conducted an analysis of court rulings in the 25 Washington cases in which the death sentence has been imposed since 1981, when the current death penalty statute took effect. That analysis of almost two decades of death sentences and executions makes it clear that the system by which we impose and review death sentences in Washington is fundamentally flawed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.aclu-wa.org/sites/default/files/attachments/Sentenced%20to%20Death.pdf ) [3315] => Array ( [objectID] => 7091 [title] => Beyond Reason: The Death Penalty and Offenders with Mental Retardation [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/beyond-reason-the-death-penalty-and-offenders-with-mental-retardation/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Twenty-five U.S. states still permit the execution of offenders with mental retardation and should pass laws to ban the practice without delay. The United States appears to be the only democracy whose laws expressly permit the execution of persons with this severe mental disability. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2001/03/05/beyond-reason-0 ) [3316] => Array ( [objectID] => 7141 [title] => Mental retardation and the death penalty [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/mental-retardation-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper attempts to summarise the issues arising from the practice of executing prisoners who have mental retardation. It draws mainly on the US experience but makes reference to other jurisdictions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT75/002/2001/en/79e3692a-d915-11dd-ad8c-f3d4445c118e/act750022001en.pdf ) [3317] => Array ( [objectID] => 7142 [title] => Zambia: Time to abolish the death penalty [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/zambia-time-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report aims at focusing attention on the country's use of the death penalty, particularly as Zambia does not apply international standards for fair trials in its use of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR63/004/2001/en/b19b0020-d927-11dd-ad8c-f3d4445c118e/afr630042001en.pdf ) [3318] => Array ( [objectID] => 7148 [title] => The death penalty worldwide: Developments in 2000 [timestamp] => 978307200 [date] => 01/01/2001 [annee] => 2001 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-worldwide-developments-in-2000/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper covers events around the exercise of the death penalty during the year 2000, including such subjects as significant national and international court cases and decisions; important studies; the use of the death penalty against the mentally ill and those with mental retardation; its use against the `innocent' and against women; medical and religious perspectives and public opinion polls and surveys. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2001/en/c29db914-dc25-11dd-9f41-2fdde0484b9c/act500012001en.pdf ) [3319] => Array ( [objectID] => 6792 [title] => Punishment at all Costs: On Religion, Convicting the Innocent, and Supporting the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/punishment-at-all-costs-on-religion-convicting-the-innocent-and-supporting-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Paper explores the impact of the belief structure among white fundamentalist denominations on the support for the death penalty. Professor Robert L. Young observes that the tenets of fundamentalism, as well as the great extent thatfundamentalists conform to the positions oftheir clergy, support this link between fundamentalism anda punitive orientation toward wrongdoers. Professor Young explains that members in white fundamentalist churches, to a greater extent than others, are inclined toward a negative view of human nature, which in turn leads to the belief that letting the guilty go free is a more serious mistake than convicting the innocent. This relative tolerance for convicting the innocent has a direct impact on support for the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1380&context=wmborj ) [3320] => Array ( [objectID] => 6807 [title] => Emerging Issues in Juvenile Death Penalty Law [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/emerging-issues-in-juvenile-death-penalty-law/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As our society's enduring marriage to the death penalty prepares to enter yet another century, it is a marriage that places the children in danger. Why is it that we continue to impose the death penalty for crimes committed by juvenile offenders? As questionable as the death penalty is in general, might we not at least place an "adults only" label on it? The rest of the world has already done so. Only in America need children fear execution by their own government. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&doctype=cite&docid=26+Ohio+N.U.L.+Rev.+725&key=24ecd00f9733e93d8496fb53f823f7c5 ) [3321] => Array ( [objectID] => 6817 [title] => Transcript of Speech on Religion’s Role in the Administration of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/transcript-of-speech-on-religions-role-in-the-administration-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => About fifteen years ago, I was in the maximum-security prison in Raiford, Florida, and after I had spoken to the inmates, and had several interviews for our television program, I was permitted to go back into death row. It was a very sobering sight because the electric chair was just down the hall from where I was, and you could see that rather grim room. There were two men that they had asked me to talk to. One was a young man, in his mid-twenties who had been a contract killer for organized crime. He had dispatched at least twenty people to the next world as a cold-blooded killer. He was there on death row awaiting execution. The other man was a rather simple soul who had discovered his wife having an affair with another man, at least that's my understanding, and in a fit of rage, he killed her. In the subsequent trial, he had received the death penalty for his action. Both of these men had had profound religious conversions. I know the difference between somejailhouse conversions-and there are plenty of them out there-and something that's sincere from the heart. Both of these men, in my opinion, had been spiritually transformed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1378&context=wmborj ) [3322] => Array ( [objectID] => 6820 [title] => Retribution and Redemption in the Operation of Executive Clemency [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/retribution-and-redemption-in-the-operation-of-executive-clemency/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this Article, my goal is to raise doubts about the adequacy of the neo-retributive theory of clemency and stimulate reappraisal and development of what I will call the "redemptive" perspective. To this end I will present an exposition and critique of neo-retributive theory of clemency. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/chknt74&div=57&id=&page= ) [3323] => Array ( [objectID] => 6821 [title] => Equality of the Damned: The Execution of Women on the Cusp of the 21st Century [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/equality-of-the-damned-the-execution-of-women-on-the-cusp-of-the-21st-century/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article explores why women are rarely executed and examines the execution of four women in the Post-Furman Era, focusing on the execution of Karla Faye Tucker. The execution of Karla Faye Tucker in 1998, the second of the four women to be executed, occured in hte midst of relentless publicity. The Tucker execution revived interest in gender equity in the administration of capital punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=26+Ohio+N.U.L.+Rev.+581&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=0d85e39eb2ef6299649cbdb2c25e1689 ) [3324] => Array ( [objectID] => 6822 [title] => The Role of Organized Religions in Changing Death Penalty Debates [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-role-of-organized-religions-in-changing-death-penalty-debates/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In his Article, Professor Michael L. Radelet describes a global decline in the use of the death penalty, the United Nation's progressively stronger stance against executions, and a growing opposition to capital punishment in the United States. This decrease is attributed to both empirical studies casting doubt on the death penalty's efficacy in promoting its stated underlying goals, and to the increasingly vocal stance of religious leaders morally opposed to capital punishment. Nevertheless, the decline in other justifications for capital punishment has been met with increasing reliance on retribution as the primary argument in its support. Professor Radelet argues that retribution's moral, rather than empirical, base makes it an issue largely within the purview of religious denominations, the traditional source of a community's moral authority. Professor Radelet predicts that religious leaders' increasing opposition to the flawed administration of the death penalty, rather than their lesser support for the abstract concept of capital punishment, will tip the balance toward its abolition in America. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1377&context=wmborj ) [3325] => Array ( [objectID] => 6834 [title] => Murderers’ Relatives: Managing Stigma, Negotiating Identity [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/murderers-relatives-managing-stigma-negotiating-identity/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Drawing on in-depth interviews with the relatives of convicted murderers, this article interrogates the concept of stigma through an everyday notion of familial toxicity and commonsense understandings of murder. Identifying moments of stigmatizing strain, the article examines moments of opportunity for managing stigma through three metatactics: management of space, information, and self-presentation. However, due to the problems in carrying out sensitive research with a hidden population, there are limits to how far arguments made can be generalized. Therefore, the article concludes by raising questions for future research. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://jce.sagepub.com/content/29/2/198.short ) [3326] => Array ( [objectID] => 6835 [title] => Tessie Hutchinson and the American System of Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/tessie-hutchinson-and-the-american-system-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The story focuses on Tessie Hutchinson, who was selected by the communal lottery for execution; her only sin was to live in a village that had the tradition of stoning one of its inhabitants each year. This paper suggests some ways that the life of America's death penalty mirrors the art of "The Lottery." The author comments on the "masking of evil," the execution of the innocent, the arbitrariness in selecting those who die, the search for justification, and the brutality of the death penalty. In "The Lottery," the tradition of the stoning was so embedded in tradition and its administration was so formal and precise that the ultimate outcome of the tradition, the killing of a fellow human being, was sanitized and unexamined. In America, the net effect of the bureaucratization of executions is to give those who implement them and those who receive reports of them a sense of sterility and mundaneness that should never accompany the state's killing of its own. Although proponents of capital punishment in America argue that the chances that an innocent person will be executed are slim, history shows that it has occurred. It was no comfort to Tessie Hutchinson that she was to be the only member of her village to be stoned that year. So it is no comfort to the innocent who are executed that each is only one of a small number of innocent people who have been killed by the state. The arbitrariness of the lottery in selecting who will be executed may not be so obvious in the selection of those who will be killed by the state in America. Still, random and arbitrary circumstances impact who is selected to be executed, circumstances such as the race and wealth of the defendant, the race of the victim, the quality of the defense counsel, the particular trial judge, and the State in which the crime occurs. Although there is no unequivocal evidence that the death penalty achieves some monumentally positive benefit for American society, support for it by the community persists, along with its brutality and cruelty. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that a "thinly veiled cruelty keeps the custom alive." [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=59+Md.+L.+Rev.+553&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=75cc5c5d479ab20978366fff9c76153d ) [3327] => Array ( [objectID] => 6838 [title] => The ‘Shocking Truth’ About the Electric Chair: An Analysis of the Unconstitutionality of Electrocution [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-shocking-truth-about-the-electric-chair-an-analysis-of-the-unconstitutionality-of-electrocution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Cruel and unusual punishment, as prohibited by the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution, encompasses punishment that amounts to torture and barbarity, cruel and degrading punishment not known to the common law, and punishment so disproportionate to the offense as to shock the moral sense of the community. Thus, contained in the Eighth Amendment is a fundamental respect for humanity. For the imposition of a death sentence, the trier is constitutionally mandated to take into account the character and record of the individual offender and the circumstances of the particular offense. What constitutes cruel and unusual punishment? [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=26+Ohio+N.U.L.+Rev.+781&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=2c96d5b4ebb7f638321ba106a31944e9 ) [3328] => Array ( [objectID] => 6839 [title] => Discrimination and Instructional Comprehension: Guided Discretion, Racial Bias, and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/discrimination-and-instructional-comprehension-guided-discretion-racial-bias-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This study links two previously unrelated lines of research: The lack of comprehension of capital penalty-phase jury instructions and discriminatory death sentencing. Jury-eligible subjects were randomly assigned to view one of four versions of a simulated capital penalty trial in which the race of defendant (Black or White) and the race of victim (Black or White) were varied orthogonally. Dependent measures included a sentencing verdict (life without the possibility of parole or the death penalty), ratings of penalty phase evidence, and a test of instructional comprehension. Results indicated that instructional comprehension was poor overall and that, although Black defendants were treated only slightly more punitively than White defendants in general, discriminatory effects were concentrated among participants whose comprehension was poorest. In addition, the use of penalty phase evidence differed as a function of race of defendant and whether the participant sentenced the defendant to life or death. The study suggest that racially biased and capricious death sentencing may be in part caused or exacerbated by the inability to comprehend penalty phase instructions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1005588221761#page-1 ) [3329] => Array ( [objectID] => 6842 [title] => Religious Neutrality and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/religious-neutrality-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Cases involving the Establishment of Religion Clause predominantly emphasize religious neutrality. Believing this to be normatively correct, Professor Loewy argues for religious neutrality in capital punishment cases. In accordance therewith, he would uphold religious peremptory challenges where a juror's religious belief is related to her death penalty perspective. Professor Loewy agrees with the courts'general willingness to disallow religion as an aggravating factor while allowing it as a mitigating factor. This dichotomy comports with the neutralityp rinciple because aggravatingfa ctors, in general,a re limited whereas mitigating factors are unlimited. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1376&context=wmborj ) [3330] => Array ( [objectID] => 6843 [title] => The Future of the Federal Death Penalty [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-future-of-the-federal-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On May 16, 2001, the federal government carried out its first execution for a criminal offense in over 38 years (Timothy McVeigh). This article (part of a symposium issue) examines recent developments in the administration of the federal death penalty, in the legislative, judicial, and executive (Department of Justice) arenas. While not an abolitionist, the author expresses misgivings about federal capital punishment as it is currently administered, updating statistics regarding racial and geographic disparity from his 1999 article "The Federal Death Penalty: History and Some Thoughts About the Department of Justice's Role,". The article also explains "What the Supreme Court Got Wrong in Jones," (1999). Finally, the international implications of the first execution by the federal government in two generations are explored. No longer can the United States shift its internationally isolated position regarding capital punishment onto its constituent states under a theory of independent federalism. Note: This is a description of the paper and not the actual abstract. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=26+Ohio+N.U.L.+Rev.+529&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=926e8c9c588b133f4abf38fab7837062 ) [3331] => Array ( [objectID] => 6846 [title] => Capital Punishment and Religious Arguments: An Intermediate Approach [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-and-religious-arguments-an-intermediate-approach/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Determining the place and use of capital punishment in the American legal system is a challenging affair and one that is closely associated with and determined by religion's role in American legal decision-making. Both capital punishment and religion are controversial issues, and tend to challenge legal scholars and practitioners about whether they should function together or alone as valid parts of the legal system in the United States. Professor Levine argues that religious arguments should be employed to interpret and explain American legal thought when the need or proper situation arises. He uses capital punishment as an example of how to properly reconcile a controversial legal issue with religious thought. Professor Levine suggests that religion acts as a comparative law model and provides another valid and instructive way of viewing capital punishment. Religious thought serves to provide explanation and insight into controversial American legal issues, and helps legal scholars and practitioners toward forming permanent solutions. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1375&context=wmborj ) [3332] => Array ( [objectID] => 6858 [title] => Let’s Make a Deal: Waiving the Eighth Amendment by Selecting a Cruel and Unusual Punishment [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/lets-make-a-deal-waiving-the-eighth-amendment-by-selecting-a-cruel-and-unusual-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Article addresses the issue of whether a criminal defendant may waive the Eighth Amendment prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments by selecting an unconstitutional punishment over a constitutional punishment. The Article begins with a discussion of the Supreme Court’s Eighth Amendment jurisprudence, followed by a discussion of areas where the Court has allowed defendants to waive Eighth Amendment protections in various contexts. Then, the Article discusses court decisions that have addressed whether one may waive Eighth Amendment protections by choosing a cruel and unusual punishment. Generally, this issue has arisen in three contexts: (1) where defendants are given the punishment option of banishment; (2) where sex offenders are given the punishment option of castration; and (3) where capital defendants are given an execution method option that violates the constitution. The Article explains that at least in the context of punishment type, a defendant’s choice should not waive Eighth Amendment protections. First, the ban on cruel and unusual punishments is a right that differs significantly from other constitutional criminal rights because it serves a broad societal purpose. Second, the waiver of this right differs from the waiver of other criminal rights because such waivers do not benefit the individual or society. Finally, to allow such waivers would strip the Eighth Amendment of meaning by permitting legislatures to create any punishment options it desired. Therefore, the Article concludes that the Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishments cannot be waived by an individual. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=32+Conn.+L.+Rev.+615&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=0dfc38d01f55e9affcb04fa14bc0a327 ) [3333] => Array ( [objectID] => 6869 [title] => Capital Punishment As Human Sacrifice: A Societal Ritual as Depicted in George Elliot’s Adam Bede [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-as-human-sacrifice-a-societal-ritual-as-depicted-in-george-elliots-adam-bede/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The ritual slaughter of humans for sacrificial purposes has an ancient provenance. Few members of modern society would be inclined to believe that killing humans for sacrificial purposes continues. Of those, most probably envision it only being practiced by individuals who belong to "uncivilized," or non-"First-World" cultures. Upon closer scrutiny, however, it becomes apparent that this is a misconception because the past and present practice of capital punishment includes a thinly disguised manifestation of the ritualized killing of people, otherwise known as human sacrifice. The purpose of this article is to identify, describe, and analyze the historic and contemporary connection between the practices of capital punishment and human sacrifice. After describing how human sacrifice constitutes an integral component of capital punishment, it will be argued that the institutionalization of this antiquated barbaric ritual, vis-a-vis the use of capital punishment, renders the present use of the death penalty in the United States incompatible with "the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society"; and that consequently, this facet of capital punishment renders the penalty at odds with the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against the infliction of "cruel and unusual" punishments. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=48+Buffalo+L.+Rev.+175&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=fc1c8ad931e6b6c7a6cbb0ef06360202 ) [3334] => Array ( [objectID] => 6889 [title] => Religious Organizations and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/religious-organizations-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Over the past several years, many questions have been raised concerning the application and effectiveness of the death penalty. Ironically, the Catholic Church, a long-time supporter of the death penalty, has become one of the most vocal critics of the death penalty. In this Essay, Father Robert F. Drinan documents the Church's new-found opposition to the death penalty, and discusses the influence the Church will have on the future of the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1374&context=wmborj ) [3335] => Array ( [objectID] => 6890 [title] => God and the Executioner: The Influence of Western Religion on the Use of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/god-and-the-executioner-the-influence-of-western-religion-on-the-use-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this essay, Professor Douglas conducts an historical review of religious attitudes toward capital punishment and the influence of those attitudes on the state's use of the death penalty. He surveys the Christian Church's strong support for capital punishment throughout most of its history, along with recent expressions of opposition from many Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish groups. Despite this recent abolitionist sentiment from an array of religious institutions, Professor Douglas notes a divergence of opinion between the "pulpit and the pew" as the laity continues to support the death penalty in large numbers. Professor Douglas accounts for this divergence by noting the declining influence of religious organizations over the social policy choices of their members. He concludes that the fate of the death penalty in America will therefore "most likely be resolved in the realm of the secular rather than the sacred. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1373&context=wmborj ) [3336] => Array ( [objectID] => 6892 [title] => Adieu to Electrocution [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/adieu-to-electrocution/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Much has been written about why electrocution has persisted so stubbornly over the course of the twentieth century. This Article focuses briefly on more recent developments concerning why electrocution should be abolished entirely. Part I of this Article describes the facts and circumstances surrounding Bryan as well as Bryan's unusual world-wide notice due to the gruesome photos of the executed Allen Lee Davis posted on the Internet. Part II focuses on the sociological and legal history of electrocution, most particularly the inappropriate precedential impact of In re Kemmler. In Kemmler, the Court found the Eighth Amendment inapplicable to the states and deferred to the New York legislature's determination that electrocution was not cruel and unusual. Regardless, Kemmler has been cited repeatedly as Eighth Amendment support for electrocution despite Kemmler's lack of modern scientific and legal validity. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=49+Wayne+L.+Rev.+885&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=75c0e320b1995563d464bfb88d5af223 ) [3337] => Array ( [objectID] => 6896 [title] => Crossing the line: Rape-murder and the death penalty [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/crossing-the-line-rape-murder-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => When a woman is raped and then murdered, it is among the most horrifying of crimes. It is also, often, among the most sensational, notorious, and galvanizing of cases. In 1964, Kitty Genovese was raped and murdered in Queens, New York. Her murder sparked soul-searching across the country because her neighbors heard her cries for help and did not respond: it made us question whether we had become an uncaring people. During the 1970s and 80s a number of serial killers raped and murdered their victims: including Ted Bundy in Florida and William George Bonin, the "Freeway Killer," in Southern California. In the 1990s, the sexual assault-murder of seven- year-old Megan Kanka in New Jersey contributed to a firestorm of states passing sex offender notification statutes. Rolando Cruz was released from Illinois death row in 1995, after serving eleven years for a crime he did not commit: the rape and murder of ten-year-old Jeanine Nicarico. The crime itself sent shock waves through the Chicago metropolitan area and pressure to quickly solve it contributed to Cruz's arrest and conviction. In each instance the rape- murder terrified us and made us want to impose the severest of punishments. This explores the crime and punishment of those convicted of committed rape .murder [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=26+Ohio+N.U.L.+Rev.+689&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=6656f20c1327782b4f7326ea8ea31b80 ) [3338] => Array ( [objectID] => 6921 [title] => Don’t Take His Eye, Don’t Take His Tooth, and Don’t Cast the First Stone: Limiting Religious Arguments in Capital Cases [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/dont-take-his-eye-dont-take-his-tooth-and-dont-cast-the-first-stone-limiting-religious-arguments-in-capital-cases/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Religious arguments in the course of particular capital sentencing proceedings are very common. This may be in part because capital punishment jurisprudence, unlike the jurisprudence of reproductive rights or segregation, has itself mandated individualized decision-making. Public discussion of whether religious principles or authority compel (or preclude) the imposition of the death penalty for all police killings (or, more broadly, all killings) has been largely mooted by the Supreme Court's determination that mandatory death penalty statutes violate the Eighth Amendment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1371&context=wmborj ) [3339] => Array ( [objectID] => 6923 [title] => The Unusualness of Capital Punishment [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-unusualness-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The order struck during the regulatory years following Furman v. Georgia and Gregg v. Georgia has been inverted. Executions once were rarities of newsworthy moment; now, they are nearly twice-a-week occurrences that often pass with nary a notice. Skeptical scrutiny of death penalty cases once was the professed and practiced mission of the federal judiciary; now, words like weariness, ennui, and resentment seem better choices to capture the spirit of the federal courts when confronted with complaints from death row. As we will see, the various lines of objection join to form a sophisticated and comprehensive critique. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=26+Ohio+N.U.L.+Rev.+601&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=2adb5968dd95fd139da1bd67746602e7 ) [3340] => Array ( [objectID] => 6927 [title] => Rewriting History: the Use of Feminist Narrative to Deconstruct the Myth of the Capital Defendant [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/rewriting-history-the-use-of-feminist-narrative-to-deconstruct-the-myth-of-the-capital-defendant/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In the past thirty years, American attitudes towards those convicted of crimes have followed a devastating progression toward the dehumanization of criminal defendants. The evolution of law and policy has mirrored these changing attitudes. The philosophies behind incarceration have shifted from "facilitat[ing inmates'] productive re-entry back into the free world" to "using imprisonment merely to punish criminal offenders by ... "containing' them behind bars ... for as long as possible." 4 Rather than preventing crime or rehabilitating offenders, incarceration has become a means to satisfy society's desire for vengeance and retribution. Responding to this push to punish, prosecutors in their haste to obtain a conviction are more likely to stress the heinousness of crimes rather than questioning the circumstances surrounding ... [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=francine_banner ) [3341] => Array ( [objectID] => 6928 [title] => Executing the Innocent: the Next Step in the Marshall Hypotheses [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/executing-the-innocent-the-next-step-in-the-marshall-hypotheses/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The study results indicate that when test subjects, many of whom are likely retributivists, are presented with information about the problem of innocence, the drop in support for capital punishment spans all points on the Likert scale. Our study suggests that more rigorous testing may demonstrate that an individual's knowledge of the "innocence problem" can generate more profond changes in attitudes toward the death penalty than indicted by previous studies of the marshall Hypotheses. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&doctype=cite&docid=26+N.Y.U.+Rev.+L.+%26+Soc.+Change+309&key=d6b5f14059431b239510cfe74d62699a ) [3342] => Array ( [objectID] => 6929 [title] => When the Wall has Fallen: Decades of Failure in the Supervision of Capital Juries [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/when-the-wall-has-fallen-decades-of-failure-in-the-supervision-of-capital-juries/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Although there is no constitutional requirement that a jury participate in the death penalty process, most states do provide, through their capital punishment statutes, that a jury will participate in the decision. The preference for jury sentencing in these circumstances reflects a reluctance to leave power over life solely in the hands of one judge. Still, some scholars have long criticized juries for administering punishment. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=26+Ohio+N.U.L.+Rev.+741&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=5e26ed8835928d2f581a98cf97b665e2 ) [3343] => Array ( [objectID] => 6942 [title] => Life, Death and the Crime of Crimes: Supreme Penalties and the ICC Statute [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/life-death-and-the-crime-of-crimes-supreme-penalties-and-the-icc-statute/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The attitude of international law and practice to supreme penalties has evolved enormously over the past half-century. At Nuremberg, in 1946, capital punishment was imposed upon Nazi war criminals. But at the Rome Conference in 1998, when the international community provided for the establishment of the International Criminal Court, not only was capital punishment excluded, the text also limited the scope of life imprisonment. These changes were driven principally by evolving norms of international human rights law. The first changes became apparent in the early work of the International Law Commission on the Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind, during the 1950s. When criminal prosecution returned to the international agenda, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, there was widespread agreement to exclude capital punishment. But at the Rome Conference, a relatively small and geographically isolated group of States made an aggressive attempt to defend capital punishment. Ultimately unsuccessful, their efforts only drew attention to a growing rejection of both capital punishment and life imprisonment in international and national legal systems [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://pun.sagepub.com/content/2/3/263.abstract ) [3344] => Array ( [objectID] => 6943 [title] => Islam and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/islam-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Capital punishment is not practiced by a majority of the world's states. Anti-capital punishment domestic policies have led to an international law of human rights that emphatically prohibits cruel and inhuman punishment. International concern for the abolition of capital punishment has prompted Islamic states that still endorse and practice the death penalty to respond with equally compelling concerns based on the tenets of Islamic law. Professor William A. Schabas suggests that Islamic states view capital punishment according to the principles embodied in the Koran. Islamic law functions on the belief that all people have a right to life unless the administration of Islamic law determines otherwise. Professor Schabas emphasizes that capital punishment exists in the domestic law of all Islamic states, but the ways by which these states employ capital punishment are varied and inconsistent. Although Professor Schabas acknowledges that Islamic states correctly argue that capital punishment is an element of Islamic law, he maintains that Islamic states do not recognize the more limited role of the death penalty articulated by the Islamic religion. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Bangladesh ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1379&context=wmborj ) [3345] => Array ( [objectID] => 6948 [title] => Religious Conservatives and the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/religious-conservatives-and-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In this Essay, Professor Thomas C. Berg examines how religious conservatives, especially Roman Catholics and evangelical Protestants, have dealt with the recent concerns over the death penalty. Part I of the Essay documents how Roman Catholics and evangelical Protestants traditionally approach the death penalty.Part II analyzes the particular theological arguments and practical concerns that will be most effective in persuading religious conservatives to oppose the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1370&context=wmborj ) [3346] => Array ( [objectID] => 6952 [title] => The Shadow of the Gallows: The Death Penalty and the British Labour Government, 1945-51 [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-shadow-of-the-gallows-the-death-penalty-and-the-british-labour-government-1945-51/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Exactly what went wrong and why is the theme of this article. How and why did the Labour government, despite its massive majority in Parliament and a long-standing commitment to abolition, fail to get rid of the death penalty? Why was this "window of opportunity" to abolish capital punishment shut for another decade and a half? The answers to these questions will be sought primarily in the realm of government and Parliament. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United Kingdom ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8317886 ) [3347] => Array ( [objectID] => 6982 [title] => Capital Punishment at the United Nations: Recent Developments [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/capital-punishment-at-the-united-nations-recent-developments/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The article discusses the difficulties and controversies surrounding the 1999 Draft Resolution on the Death Penalty to the United Nations General Assembly. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => http://www.springerlink.com/content/p8u7w26l73tj3375/ ) [3348] => Array ( [objectID] => 7015 [title] => Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Report of the special rapporteur, Ms. Asma Jahangir, submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1999/35 [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-report-of-the-special-rapporteur-ms-asma-jahangir-submitted-pursuant-to-commission-on-human-rights-resolution-1999-35/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In its resolution 1999/35, the Commission on Human Rights requested the Special Rapporteur to continue monitoring the implementation of existing international standards on safeguards and restrictions relating to the imposition of capital punishment, bearing in mind the comments made by the Human Rights Committee in its interpretation of article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as well as the Second Optional Protocol thereto. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2000/3&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3349] => Array ( [objectID] => 7083 [title] => Unequal, Unfair and Irreversible: The Death Penalty in Virginia [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/unequal-unfair-and-irreversible-the-death-penalty-in-virginia/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report examines four key aspects of the administration of capital punishment in Virginia: prosecutorial discretion in the charging of capital crimes, quality of legal representation for the accused at trial, appellate review of trials resulting in the death penalty and race. During its preparation, another issue became apparent: the state's record keeping. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.acluva.org/publications/deathpenaltystudy.pdf ) [3350] => Array ( [objectID] => 7123 [title] => The most important facts in 2000 [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-most-important-facts-in-2000/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is the fourth consecutive year that Hands off Cain is publishing its report on the death penalty. The events registered in 2000 reveal a positive trend towards abolition.As of 31/12/2000, there were 123 abolitionist countries of various types: 77 were fully abolitionist, 12 were abolitionist for ordinary crimes, 30 were de facto abolitionist (they haven´t carried out a death sentence in at least ten years), 2 were engaged in abolishing the death penalty as members of the Council of Europe, 2 had a legal moratoria on executions. Seventy three states retained the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/index.php?tipotema=arg&idtema=20082 ) [3351] => Array ( [objectID] => 7147 [title] => Ghana: Briefing on death penalty [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/ghana-briefing-on-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => As the Presidential elections approach in Ghana, Amnesty International is renewing its call for steps towards abolishing the death penalty, after seven years without any executions. This document describes the current use of the death penalty, giving details of those currently under sentence of death and describing the death penalty under Ghanaian law and international law [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR28/001/2000/en/00b3cff8-def9-11dd-ad31-a9b462e5ad42/afr280012000en.pdf ) [3352] => Array ( [objectID] => 7150 [title] => The death penalty worldwide: Developments in 1999 [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-worldwide-developments-in-1999/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This paper is an attempt to cover developments during 1999 and provide information current at the end of the year concerning the death penalty worldwide, different aspects of its use and attempts to abolish it or reduce its application. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/004/2000/en/aa91d785-df82-11dd-8abb-118b2e919ec0/act500042000en.pdf ) [3353] => Array ( [objectID] => 7185 [title] => China: Death penalty log in 1999 [timestamp] => 946684800 [date] => 01/01/2000 [annee] => 2000 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/china-death-penalty-log-in-1999/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The attached Log gives available details of death sentences and executions occurring in China throughout 1999. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/049/2000/en/9c797cbf-dc73-11dd-b511-85b064f5a516/asa170492000en.html ) [3354] => Array ( [objectID] => 6760 [title] => The death penalty – Abolition in Europe [timestamp] => 936748800 [date] => 08/09/1999 [annee] => 1999 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-death-penalty-abolition-in-europe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Europe is the first continent in which the death penalty has been almost completely abolished. The Council of Europe has been Europe's major defender of abolition and presently requires all countries seeking membership in its ranks to place a moratorium on the death penalty. This collection of texts by major European abolitionists includes voices from countries which have enjoyed abolition for many years, as well as from those where abolition has been a struggle against public opinion. Contributors from governments, universities and NGOs add their voices to that of the Council of Europe, explaining the achievements and the ground still to be covered in attaining total abolition in Europe. An introduction by a world expert on abolition, Roger Hood and a conclusion by Russia's leading abolitionist Sergey Kovalev makes this volume a moving testament to the battle for abolition of the death penalty, which is already so well advanced in Europe. This collection also contains a detailed explanation of Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights, which deals specifically with abolition of the death penalty, as well as reports on various eastern European countries which have yet to attain complete abolitionist status. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Czech Republic ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://book.coe.int/EN/ficheouvrage.php?PAGEID=36&lang=EN&produit_aliasid=668 ) [3355] => Array ( [objectID] => 6151 [title] => Against Capital Punishment: The Anti-Death Penalty Movement in America, 1972-1994 [timestamp] => 936748800 [date] => 08/09/1999 [annee] => 1999 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/against-capital-punishment-the-anti-death-penalty-movement-in-america-1972-1994/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => While most western democracies have renounced the death penalty, capital punishment enjoys vast and growing support in the United States. A significant and vocal minority, however, continues to oppose it. Against Capital Punishment is the first full account of anti-death penalty activism in America during the years since the ten-year moratorium on executions ended. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780195132496.do ) [3356] => Array ( [objectID] => 6624 [title] => Eyewitness Evidence: A guide for law enforcement [timestamp] => 915148800 [date] => 01/01/1999 [annee] => 1999 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/eyewitness-evidence-a-guide-for-law-enforcement/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This Guide combines research and practical perspectives. The growth of social science research into the eyewitness process coincided with parallel efforts of law enforcement agencies to improve their own procedures. This Guide benefits from the inclusion of the diverse perspectives of TWGEYEE members; the group included not only researchers but also prosecutors, defense lawyers, and working police investigators from departments of all sizes and from all regions. This Guide represents a combination of the best current, workable police practices and psychological research. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/178240.pdf ) [3357] => Array ( [objectID] => 7014 [title] => Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Ms. Asma Jahangir [timestamp] => 915148800 [date] => 01/01/1999 [annee] => 1999 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-report-of-the-special-rapporteur-ms-asma-jahangir/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report is submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rightsresolution 1998/68 of 21 April 1998 entitled “Extrajudicial, summary orarbitrary executions”. It is the first report submitted to the Commission byMs. Asma Jahangir and the sixteenth submitted to the Commission since themandate on “summary and arbitrary executions” was established by Economic andSocial Council resolution 1982/35 of 7 May 1982. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/1999/39&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3358] => Array ( [objectID] => 7095 [title] => International Perspectives on the Death Penalty: A Costly Isolation for the U.S. [timestamp] => 915148800 [date] => 01/01/1999 [annee] => 1999 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-perspectives-on-the-death-penalty-a-costly-isolation-for-the-u-s/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report examines the sequence of recent events that has increasingly placed the death penalty in the international spotlight. Some of these events are direct challenges to the practice of capital punishment in the U.S. Others are changes in the balance of death penalty practices and attitudes around the world. The report looks at the ways in which the international community has sought to limit the application of the death penalty, and the U.S.'s response to these initiatives. It also explores the world-wide trend towards complete abolition of the death penalty and the U.S. reaction. Although much of the official U.S. response to international criticism has been denial, the report looks at some local and unofficial actions, which indicate a different direction. Finally, the report notes the present and potential costs the U.S. is facing for adhering to the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/international-perspectives-death-penalty-costly-isolation-us ) [3359] => Array ( [objectID] => 6614 [title] => Northwestern Death Penalty Project [timestamp] => 883612800 [date] => 01/01/1998 [annee] => 1998 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/northwestern-death-penalty-project/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Center on Wrongful Convictions is dedicated to identifying and rectifying wrongful convictions and other serious miscarriages of justice. The Center has three components: representation, research, and community services. Center faculty, staff, cooperating outside attorneys, and Bluhm Legal Clinic students investigate possible wrongful convictions and represent imprisoned clients with claims of actual innocence. The research component focuses on identifying systemic problems in the criminal justice system and, together with the community services component, on developing initiatives designed to raise public awareness of the prevalence, causes, and social costs of wrongful convictions and promote reform of the criminal justice system. In addition, the community services component helps exonerated former prisoners cope with the difficult process of reintegration into free society. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Working with... ) [url_doc] => http://www.law.northwestern.edu/wrongfulconvictions/aboutus/ ) [3360] => Array ( [objectID] => 6665 [title] => An Introduction to Advocacy Training Guide [timestamp] => 852076800 [date] => 01/01/1997 [annee] => 1997 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/an-introduction-to-advocacy-training-guide/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Guide should be useful to people in all sectors who wish to improve policies and programs through advocacy. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Lobbying ) [url_doc] => http://www.wsscc.org/sites/default/files/publications/aed_an_introduction_to_advocacy.pdf ) [3361] => Array ( [objectID] => 7013 [title] => Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Bacre Waly Ndiaye [timestamp] => 852076800 [date] => 01/01/1997 [annee] => 1997 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/extrajudicial-summary-or-arbitrary-executions-report-of-the-special-rapporteur-bacre-waly-ndiaye/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This report is submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rightsresolution 1997/61 of 16 April 1997 entitled “Extrajudicial, summary orarbitrary executions”. It is the sixth report submitted to the Commissionon Human Rights by Bacre Waly Ndiaye and the fifteenth submitted to theCommission since the mandate on “Summary and arbitrary executions” wasestablished by Economic and Social Council resolution 1982/35 of 7 May 1982. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => International law - United Nations ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/french/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/1998/68&TYPE=&referer=http://www.un.org/fr/documents/&Lang=E ) [3362] => Array ( [objectID] => 7188 [title] => China: The death penalty in China: breaking records, breaking rules [timestamp] => 852076800 [date] => 01/01/1997 [annee] => 1997 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/china-the-death-penalty-in-china-breaking-records-breaking-rules/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => In China last year, approximately 17 people were sentenced to death each day, every day of the year. This report examines the record versus the rhetoric in 1996. It examines the death penalty in practice during this year's "Strike Hard Anti-Crime Campaign" which highlights legal inadequacies and institutionalized abuses long discussed by domestic critics. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/038/1997/en/f1d695cf-e9d9-11dd-a490-5f9258d9f20e/asa170381997en.pdf ) [3363] => Array ( [objectID] => 6385 [title] => RECOMMENDATION 1302 (1996) on the abolition of the death penalty in Europe [timestamp] => 820454400 [date] => 01/01/1996 [annee] => 1996 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/recommendation-1302-1996-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-europe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Assembly recalls Recommendation 1246 (1994) on the abolition of capital punishment. It welcomes the decision of the Committee of Ministers of 16 January 1996 to encourage member states which have not abolished the death penalty to operate, de facto or de jure, a moratorium on the execution of death sentences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta96/EREC1302.htm ) [3364] => Array ( [objectID] => 6386 [title] => RESOLUTION 1097 (1996) on the abolition of the death penalty in Europe [timestamp] => 820454400 [date] => 01/01/1996 [annee] => 1996 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-1097-1996-on-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty-in-europe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Parliamentary Assembly recalls its Resolution 1044 (1994) on the abolition of capital punishment. It welcomes the complete abolition of capital punishment in Italy, Spain, Moldova and Belgium during the last two years, which provide an excellent example for other countries to follow. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta96/ERES1097.htm ) [3365] => Array ( [objectID] => 6387 [title] => RECOMMENDATION 1246 (1994) on the abolition of capital punishment [timestamp] => 820454400 [date] => 01/01/1996 [annee] => 1996 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/recommendation-1246-1994-on-the-abolition-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Parliamentary Assembly deplores the fact that the legislation of eleven Council of Europe member states and seven states whose legislative assemblies enjoy special guest status still provides for the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta94/EREC1246.htm ) [3366] => Array ( [objectID] => 6388 [title] => RESOLUTION 1044 (1994) on the abolition of capital punishment [timestamp] => 778982400 [date] => 08/09/1994 [annee] => 1994 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/resolution-1044-1994-on-the-abolition-of-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The Parliamentary Assembly welcomes the abolition of capital punishment for offences committed both in war- and in peacetime in Greece on 16 December 1993, which provides an excellent example for other countries to follow. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta94/ERES1044.htm ) [3367] => Array ( [objectID] => 5810 [title] => Politics and The Death Penalty: Can Rational Discourse and Due Process Survive the Perceived Political Pressure? [timestamp] => 757382400 [date] => 01/01/1994 [annee] => 1994 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/politics-and-the-death-penalty-can-rational-discourse-and-due-process-survive-the-perceived-political-pressure/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This article is a transcript from a program sponsored by the American Bar Association Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities entitled, “Politics and the Death Penalty: Can Rational Discourse and Due Process Survive the Perceived Political Pressure?” In it, Norman Redlich discusses his experience litigating organizing the New York State Justice-PAC, a political action committee which promoted anti-death penalty candidates for the New York State legislature, and challenges the notion that there is overwhelming public support in the United States of America for the death penalty. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => United States ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Article ) [url_doc] => https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1387&context=ulj ) [3368] => Array ( [objectID] => 7032 [title] => PROTOCOL TO THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS TO ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY [timestamp] => 631152000 [date] => 01/01/1990 [annee] => 1990 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/protocol-to-the-american-convention-on-human-rights-to-abolish-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Article 1The States Parties to this Protocol shall not apply the death penalty in their territory to any person subject to their jurisdiction. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties/a-53.html ) [3369] => Array ( [objectID] => 6545 [title] => Status of signature and ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. [timestamp] => 599616000 [date] => 01/01/1989 [annee] => 1989 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/status-of-signature-and-ratification-of-the-second-optional-protocol-to-the-international-covenant-on-civil-and-political-rights-aiming-at-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Status of signature ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, including declarations, reservations and objections. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => NGO report ) [url_doc] => https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20I/Chapter%20IV/IV-12.en.pdf ) [3370] => Array ( [objectID] => 7034 [title] => Convention on the Rights of the Child [timestamp] => 599616000 [date] => 01/01/1989 [annee] => 1989 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Article 37States Parties shall ensure that:(a) No child shall be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Neither capital punishment nor life imprisonment without possibility of release shall be imposed for offences committed by persons below eighteen years of age. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/en/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx ) [3371] => Array ( [objectID] => 7042 [title] => Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty [timestamp] => 599616000 [date] => 01/01/1989 [annee] => 1989 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/second-optional-protocol-to-the-international-covenant-on-civil-and-political-rights-aiming-at-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => The States Parties to the present Protocol,Believing that abolition of the death penalty contributes to enhancement of human dignity and progressive development of human rights,Recalling article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on 10 December 1948, and article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 16 December 1966,Noting that article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights refers to abolition of the death penalty in terms that strongly suggest that abolition is desirable,Convinced that all measures of abolition of the death penalty should be considered as progress in the enjoyment of the right to life,Desirous to undertake hereby an international commitment to abolish the death penalty,Have agreed as follows:Article 11. No one within the jurisdiction of a State Party to the present Protocol shall be executed.2. Each State Party shall take all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty within its jurisdiction. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/2ndOPCCPR.aspx ) [3372] => Array ( [objectID] => 7041 [title] => Safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty [timestamp] => 441763200 [date] => 01/01/1984 [annee] => 1984 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/safeguards-guaranteeing-protection-of-the-rights-of-those-facing-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Approved by Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May 19841. In countries which have not abolished the death penalty, capital punishment may be imposed only for the most serious crimes, it being understood that their scope should not go beyond intentional crimes with lethal or other extremely grave consequences. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/DeathPenalty.aspx ) [3373] => Array ( [objectID] => 5538 [title] => German : Protokoll Nr. 6 zur Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten über die Abschaffung der Todesstrafe [timestamp] => 431827200 [date] => 08/09/1983 [annee] => 1983 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/german-protokoll-nr-6-zur-konvention-zum-schutze-der-menschenrechte-und-grundfreiheiten-uber-die-abschaffung-der-todesstrafe/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Artikel 1 – Abschaffung der TodesstrafeDie Todesstrafe ist abgeschafft. Niemand darf zu dieser Strafe verurteilt oder hingerichtet werden. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/ger/Treaties/Html/114.htm ) [3374] => Array ( [objectID] => 5539 [title] => Italian : Protocollo n° 6 alla Convenzione per la salvaguardia dei Diritti dell’Uomo e delle Libertà fondamentali sull’abolizione delle pena di morte [timestamp] => 431827200 [date] => 08/09/1983 [annee] => 1983 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/italian-protocollo-n-6-alla-convenzione-per-la-salvaguardia-dei-diritti-delluomo-e-delle-liberta-fondamentali-sullabolizione-delle-pena-di-morte/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Articolo 1 – Abolizione della pena di morteLa pena di morte è abolita. Nessuno può essere condannato a tale pena, né giustiziato. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/ita/Treaties/Html/114.htm ) [3375] => Array ( [objectID] => 7030 [title] => Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms concerning the Abolition of the Death Penalty [timestamp] => 410227200 [date] => 01/01/1983 [annee] => 1983 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/protocol-no-6-to-the-convention-for-the-protection-of-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms-concerning-the-abolition-of-the-death-penalty/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Article 1 – Abolition of the death penaltyThe death penalty shall be abolished. No-one shall be condemned to such penalty or executed. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/114.htm ) [3376] => Array ( [objectID] => 7028 [title] => AFRICAN CHARTER ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS [timestamp] => 368755200 [date] => 08/09/1981 [annee] => 1981 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/african-charter-on-human-and-peoples-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => ARTICLE 4Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.ARTICLE 5Every individual shall have the right to the respect of the dignity inherent in a human being and to the recognition of his legal status. All forms of exploitation and degradation of man, particularly slavery, slave trade, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.achpr.org/instruments/achpr/ ) [3377] => Array ( [objectID] => 7033 [title] => AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS “PACT OF SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA” [timestamp] => -9936000 [date] => 08/09/1969 [annee] => 1969 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/american-convention-on-human-rights-pact-of-san-jose-costa-rica/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Article 4. Right to Life1. Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties/b-32.html ) [3378] => Array ( [objectID] => 6023 [title] => Death by hanging [timestamp] => -63158400 [date] => 01/01/1968 [annee] => 1968 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/death-by-hanging/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( [0] => Japan ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Multimedia content ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Death-Hanging-Criterion-Collection-Blu-ray/dp/B0184DLIDW/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1454947045&sr=1-1&keywords=death+by+hanging ) [3379] => Array ( [objectID] => 7043 [title] => International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights [timestamp] => -126230400 [date] => 01/01/1966 [annee] => 1966 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/international-covenant-on-civil-and-political-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Article 61. Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.2. In countries which have not abolished the death penalty, sentence of death may be imposed only for the most serious crimes in accordance with the law in force at the time of the commission of the crime and not contrary to the provisions of the present Covenant and to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This penalty can only be carried out pursuant to a final judgement rendered by a competent court.3. When deprivation of life constitutes the crime of genocide, it is understood that nothing in this article shall authorize any State Party to the present Covenant to derogate in any way from any obligation assumed under the provisions of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.4. Anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to seek pardon or commutation of the sentence. Amnesty, pardon or commutation of the sentence of death may be granted in all cases.5. Sentence of death shall not be imposed for crimes committed by persons below eighteen years of age and shall not be carried out on pregnant women.6. Nothing in this article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolition of capital punishment by any State Party to the present Covenant. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx ) [3380] => Array ( [objectID] => 6021 [title] => Reflections on the guillotine: An essay on capital punishment [timestamp] => -410227200 [date] => 01/01/1957 [annee] => 1957 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/reflections-on-the-guillotine-an-essay-on-capital-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Reflections-Guillotine-Albert-Camus/dp/B001E70QL6 ) [3381] => Array ( [objectID] => 7031 [title] => Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms [timestamp] => -631152000 [date] => 01/01/1950 [annee] => 1950 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/convention-for-the-protection-of-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => Article 2 – Right to life1. Everyone's right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided by law. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Regional body report ) [url_doc] => http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/005.htm ) [3382] => Array ( [objectID] => 7044 [title] => The Universal Declaration of Human Rights [timestamp] => -694310400 [date] => 01/01/1948 [annee] => 1948 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/the-universal-declaration-of-human-rights/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the full text of which appears in the following pages. Following this historic act the Assembly called upon all Member countries to publicize the text of the Declaration and "to cause it to be disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally in schools and other educational institutions, without distinction based on the political status of countries or territories." Article 3 - Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => United Nations report ) [url_doc] => http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ ) [3383] => Array ( [objectID] => 6765 [title] => Of Crimes and Punishment [timestamp] => -6500736000 [date] => 01/01/1764 [annee] => 1764 [url] => https://worldcoalition.org/document/of-crimes-and-punishment/ [image] => /wp-content/uploads/2021/01/WC-ImageDefautArticle2-1-768x385.png [extrait] => This is a highly thought-provoking work where Beccaria-Bonesana has explained his ideas against the use of torture and capital punishments. He has produced a humanitarian spirit in the dispensation of laws. This work is important as the views expressed here, were not regarded either in his times or now. [texte] => [Type article] => Document [Pays] => Array ( ) [Theme] => Array ( ) [Type document] => Array ( [0] => Book ) [url_doc] => http://www.amazon.com/Crimes-Punishments-Cesare-Beccaria-Bonesana/dp/1425009670 ) ) FIN